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Titisari N, Fauzi A, Abdul Razak IS, Mohd Noor MH, Samsulrizal N, Ahmad H. Dietary menhaden fish oil supplementation suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in diabetic rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2024; 62:447-455. [PMID: 38753370 PMCID: PMC11100436 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2024.2351933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Menhaden fish oil (FO) is widely recognized for inhibiting neuroinflammatory responses and preserving brain function. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of FO influencing brain cognitive function in diabetic states remain unclear. OBJECTIVE This study examines the potential role of FO in suppressing LPS-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in diabetic animals (DA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: i) DA received LPS induction (DA-LPS); ii) DA received LPS induction and 1 g/kg FO (DA-LPS-1FO); iii) DA received LPS induction and 3 g/kg FO (DA-LPS-3FO); iv) animals received normal saline and 3 g/kg FO (NS-3FO) and v) control animals received normal saline (CTRL). Y-maze test was used to measure cognitive performance, while brain samples were collected for inflammatory markers and morphological analysis. RESULTS DA received LPS induction, and 1 or 3 g/kg FO significantly inhibited hyperglycaemia and brain inflammation, as evidenced by lowered levels of pro-inflammatory mediators. Additionally, both DA-LPS-1FO and DA-LPS-3FO groups exhibited a notable reduction in neuronal damage and glial cell migration compared to the other groups. These results were correlated with the increasing number of entries and time spent in the novel arm of the Y-maze test. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This study indicates that supplementation of menhaden FO inhibits the LPS signaling pathway and protects against neuroinflammation, consequently maintaining cognitive performance in diabetic animals. Thus, the current study suggested that fish oil may be effective as a supporting therapy option for diabetes to avoid diabetes-cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurina Titisari
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Fauzi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Intan Shameha Abdul Razak
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hezmee Mohd Noor
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Hafandi Ahmad
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Eilat-Tsanani S, Ernst P, Suissa S. Real-World Effectiveness of Single-Inhaler Triple Therapy for COPD: Impact of Diabetes Comorbidity. COPD 2024; 21:2327345. [PMID: 38509685 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2024.2327345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a frequent comorbidity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, with the GOLD treatment recommendations asserting that the presence of diabetes be disregarded in the choice of treatment. In a cohort of COPD patients with frequent exacerbations, initiators of single-inhaler triple therapy or dual bronchodilators were compared on the incidence of COPD exacerbation and pneumonia over one year, adjusted by propensity score weighting and stratified by type 2 diabetes. The COPD cohort included 1,114 initiators of triple inhalers and 4,233 of dual bronchodilators (28% with type 2 diabetes). The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of exacerbation with triple therapy was 1.04 (95% CI: 0.86-1.25) among COPD patients with type 2 diabetes and 0.74 (0.65-0.85) in those without. The incidence of severe pneumonia was elevated with triple therapy among patients with type 2 diabetes (HR 1.77; 1.14-2.75). Triple therapy in COPD is effective among those without, but not those with, type 2 diabetes. Future therapeutic trials in COPD should consider diabetes comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Eilat-Tsanani
- Department of Family Medicine, Clalit Health Services, North District, Israel
- Department of Family Medicine, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Pierre Ernst
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Samy Suissa
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Sagiraju M, Prasad R, Gopi A. Diabetes and MRSA Infections: A comparative analysis in an Indian tertiary healthcare setting. Infect Prev Pract 2024; 6:100372. [PMID: 38882195 PMCID: PMC11176644 DOI: 10.1016/j.infpip.2024.100372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Sagiraju
- Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - R Prasad
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - A Gopi
- Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore, India
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Rousseau A, Michiels S, Simon-Tillaux N, Lolivier A, Bonastre J, Planchard D, Barlesi F, Remon J, Lavaud P, Aldea M, Frelaut M, Le Pechoux C, Botticella A, Levy A, Gazzah A, Foulon S, Besse B. Impact of pembrolizumab treatment duration on overall survival and prognostic factors in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a nationwide retrospective cohort study. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2024; 43:100970. [PMID: 39040528 PMCID: PMC11262181 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2024.100970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Background The efficacy of front-line pembrolizumab has been established in studies that limit treatment duration to 2 years, but decision to stop pembrolizumab after 2 years is often at physician's discretion. ATHENA is a retrospective cohort study using a comprehensive administrative database aimed firstly at exploring the optimal duration of pembrolizumab and secondly real-life prognosis factors in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Using the French National Health Insurance database (SNDS), we identified patients with incident lung cancer in France from 2015 to 2022. Treatments and patients' characteristics were extracted or inferred from hospital, outpatient care, pharmacy delivery reports. The duration's hazard ratio (HR) was estimated with Cox model weighted by inverse of propensity score to account for confounding. Prognostics factors in first line population were identified with Cox model selected by a LASSO procedure. Findings 391,106 patients with lung cancer were identified, of whom 43,359 received up-front pembrolizumab for an advanced disease. There were 67% (29,040/43,359) of male and the median age at diagnosis was 65 years old. After a median follow-up time of 25.9 months (min-max, [0-97.6]), the median overall survival (OS) after pembrolizumab initiation in first line was 15.7 [CI 95, 15.3-16.0] months. In multivariable analysis, several covariables were independently associated with worse OS, including male sex with chemo-immunotherapy, age, hospital category, high deprivation index, inpatient hospitalization for first pembrolizumab, and history of diabetes, diuretic, beta blocker, painkiller prescription. At landmark time of 29 months after pembrolizumab initiation, continuation beyond 2 years was not associated with better OS than a fixed 2-year treatment, HR = 0.97 [0.75-1.26] p = 0.95. Interpretation This study supports the notion that stopping pembrolizumab after 2 years could be safe for patients with advanced NSCLC. However, because observational studies are prone to confounding and selection bias, causality cannot be affirmed. Funding This study did not receive any specific grant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Rousseau
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Thoracic Group and International Center for Thoracic Cancers (CICT), Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
- Oncostat U1018, Inserm, Labeled Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
- Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Stefan Michiels
- Oncostat U1018, Inserm, Labeled Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Noémie Simon-Tillaux
- Oncostat U1018, Inserm, Labeled Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Alexandre Lolivier
- Oncostat U1018, Inserm, Labeled Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Julia Bonastre
- Oncostat U1018, Inserm, Labeled Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - David Planchard
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Thoracic Group and International Center for Thoracic Cancers (CICT), Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Fabrice Barlesi
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Thoracic Group and International Center for Thoracic Cancers (CICT), Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Jordi Remon
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Thoracic Group and International Center for Thoracic Cancers (CICT), Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Pernelle Lavaud
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Thoracic Group and International Center for Thoracic Cancers (CICT), Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Mihaela Aldea
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Thoracic Group and International Center for Thoracic Cancers (CICT), Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Maxime Frelaut
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Thoracic Group and International Center for Thoracic Cancers (CICT), Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Cecile Le Pechoux
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Angela Botticella
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Antonin Levy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Anas Gazzah
- Department of Drug Development, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Stephanie Foulon
- Oncostat U1018, Inserm, Labeled Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Benjamin Besse
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Thoracic Group and International Center for Thoracic Cancers (CICT), Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
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Liu Z, Chen H, Chen D, Wu X, Xu H, Chen P, Wang R, Chen Y. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing for the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16618. [PMID: 39025875 PMCID: PMC11258266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67174-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in patients with diabetes mellitus has high incidence, especially in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for IPA in patients with T2DM. A total of 66 patients with T2DM were included, including 21 IPA and 45 non-IPA patients, from January 2022 to December 2022. The demographic characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory test results, antibiotic treatment response, and 30-day mortality rate of patients were analyzed. The diagnostic accuracy of mNGS and conventional methods was compared, including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. The sensitivity and specificity of mNGS were 66.7% and 100.0%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of fluorescence staining (42.1% and 100%), serum 1,3-β-D-glucan detection (38.1% and 90.9%), serum galactomannan detection (14.3% and 94.9%) and BALF galactomannan detection (47.3% and 70.7%). Although the sensitivity of BALF culture (75.0%) was higher than that of mNGS (66.7%), the turnover time of mNGS was significantly shorter than that of traditional culture (1.6 days vs. 5.0 days). The sensitivity of mNGS combined with BALF culture reached 100.0%. In addition, mNGS has a stronger ability to detect co-pathogens with IPA. 47.6% of T2DM patients with IPA were adjusted the initial antimicrobial therapy according to the mNGS results. This is the first study to focus on the diagnostic performance of mNGS in IPA infection in T2DM patients. MNGS can be used as a supplement to conventional methods for the diagnosis of IPA in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyun Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, Guangdong, China
| | - Hengxin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Dubo Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianjin Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongxu Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Peisong Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruizhi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yili Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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Xu Y, Sang L, Wang Y, Li Z, Wu H, Deng X, Zhong N, Liu X, Li S, Li Y. Impact of diabetes on COVID-19 and glucocorticoids on patients with COVID-19 and diabetes during the Omicron variant epidemic: a multicenter retrospective cohort study in South China. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:706. [PMID: 39026159 PMCID: PMC11256567 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09287-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the impact of diabetes on the clinical features and prognosis of COVID-19 and assess the influence of glucocorticoid use on the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 and diabetes. METHODS This retrospective multicenter cohort study included patients admitted between December 2022 and January 2023. The patients were grouped according to diabetes and glucocorticoid use. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. RESULTS Among 400 patients with glucocorticoid data, 109 (27.3%) had diabetes. The inflammatory cytokines were higher in patients with diabetes, manifested by higher IL-6 (25.33 vs. 11.29 ng/L, p = 0.011), CRP (26.55 vs. 8.62 mg/L, p = 0.003), and PCT (0.07 vs. 0.04 ng/ml, p = 0.010), while CD4+ (319 vs. 506 /mL, p = 0.004) and CD8+ (141 vs. 261 /mL, p < 0.001) T lymphocytes were lower. The overall mortality rate of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with diabetes was 13.46%. The diabetic patients who received glucocorticoids vs. those who did not receive glucocorticoids had a similar mortality (15.00% vs. 11.39%, p = 0.591). CONCLUSIONS Patients with COVID-19 and diabetes are more likely to experience hyperinflammatory response and T cell reduction, especially those with severe/critical disease. Glucocorticoid use was not associated with the prognosis of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes. Still, glucocorticoids should be used cautiously in diabetic patients with severe/critical COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghao Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Sang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhentu Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongkai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xilong Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510040, China
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shiyue Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yimin Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Shetty S, Pappachan JM, Fernandez CJ. Diabetes and tuberculosis: An emerging dual threat to healthcare. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:1409-1416. [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i7.1409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a huge global healthcare challenge even in the 21st century though the prevalence has dropped in developed countries in recent decades. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important risk factor for the development and perpetuation of TB owing to the immune dysfunction in patients with DM. The coexistence of both diseases in the same individual also aggravates disease severity, complications, and chance of treatment failure because of gross immune alterations posed by DM as well as TB. Various complex cellular and humoral immunological factors are involved in the dangerous interaction between TB and DM, some of which remain unknown even today. It is highly important to identify the risk factors for TB in patients with DM, and vice versa, to ensure early diagnosis and management to prevent complications from this ominous coexistence. In their research study published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Diabetes, Shi et al elaborate on the factors associated with the development of TB in a large cohort of DM patients from China. More such research output from different regions of the world is expected to improve our knowledge to fight the health devastation posed by TB in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahana Shetty
- Department of Endocrinology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Joseph M Pappachan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Preston PR2 9HT, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Cornelius James Fernandez
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Pilgrim Hospital, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Boston PE21 9QS, United Kingdom
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Mzimela N, Dimba N, Sosibo A, Khathi A. Evaluating the impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on pulmonary vascular function and the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1431405. [PMID: 39050565 PMCID: PMC11266053 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1431405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant worldwide health concern caused by sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy diets. Beyond glycemic control, T2DM impacts multiple organ systems, leading to various complications. While traditionally associated with cardiovascular and microvascular complications, emerging evidence indicates significant effects on pulmonary health. Pulmonary vascular dysfunction and fibrosis, characterized by alterations in vascular tone and excessive extracellular matrix deposition, are increasingly recognized in individuals with T2DM. The onset of T2DM is often preceded by prediabetes, an intermediate hyperglycemic state that is associated with increased diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk. This review explores the relationship between T2DM, pulmonary vascular dysfunction and pulmonary fibrosis, with a focus on potential links with prediabetes. Pulmonary vascular function, including the roles of nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin (PGI2), endothelin-1 (ET-1), thromboxane A2 (TxA2) and thrombospondin-1 (THBS1), is discussed in the context of T2DM and prediabetes. Mechanisms linking T2DM to pulmonary fibrosis, such as oxidative stress, dysregulated fibrotic signaling, and chronic inflammation, are explained. The impact of prediabetes on pulmonary health, including endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and dysregulated vasoactive mediators, is highlighted. Early detection and intervention during the prediabetic stage may reduce respiratory complications associated with T2DM, emphasizing the importance of management strategies targeting blood glucose regulation and vascular health. More research that looks into the mechanisms underlying pulmonary complications in T2DM and prediabetes is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhlakanipho Mzimela
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Yin X, Yang F, Lin J, Hu Q, Tang X, Yin L, Yan X, Zhuang H, Ma G, Shen L, Zhao D. iTRAQ proteomics analysis of placental tissue with gestational diabetes mellitus. Acta Diabetol 2024:10.1007/s00592-024-02321-1. [PMID: 38976025 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-024-02321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus is an endocrine and metabolic disorder that appears for the first time during pregnancy and causes varying degrees of short- and/or long-term effects on the mother and child. The etiology of the disease is currently unknown and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation proteomics approach, the present study attempted to identify potential proteins in placental tissues that may be involved in the pathogenesis of GDM and adverse foetal pregnancy outcomes. METHODS Pregnant women with GDM hospitalised were selected as the experimental group, and pregnant women with normal glucose metabolism as the control group. The iTRAQ protein quantification technology was used to screen the differentially expressed proteins between the GDM group and the normal control group, and the differentially expressed proteins were analysed by GO, KEGG, PPI, etc., and the key proteins were subsequently verified by western blot. RESULTS Based on the proteomics of iTRAQ, we experimented with three different samples of placental tissues from GDM and normal pregnant women, and the total number of identified proteins were 5906, 5959, and 6017, respectively, which were similar in the three different samples, indicating that the results were reliable. Through the Wayne diagram, we found that the total number of proteins coexisting in the three groups was 4475, and 91 differential proteins that could meet the quantification criteria were strictly screened, of which 32 proteins were up-regulated and 59 proteins were down-regulated. By GO enrichment analysis, these differential proteins are widely distributed in extracellular membrane-bounded organelle, mainly in extracellular exosome, followed by intracellular vesicle, extracellular organelle. It not only undertakes protein binding, protein complex binding, macromolecular complex binding, but also involves molecular biological functions such as neutrophil degranulation, multicellular organismal process, developmental process, cellular component organization, secretion, regulated exocytosis. Through the analysis of the KEGG signaling pathway, it is found that these differential proteins are mainly involved in HIF-1 signaling pathway, Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis, Central carbon metabolism in cancer, AMPK signaling pathway, Proteoglycans in cancer, Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, Thyroid cancer, Alcoholism, Glucagon signaling pathway. DISCUSSION This preliminary study helps us to understand the changes in the placental proteome of GDM patients, and provides new insights into the pathophysiology of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jin Lin
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qin Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Tang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xi Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hongbin Zhuang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guanwei Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, School of Public Health, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Liming Shen
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Danqing Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
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Cheng S, Poh BRM, Tay VWY, Lee PP, Mathur S. The interplay between diabetes Mellitus and soft tissue infections in general surgical patients. BMC Endocr Disord 2024; 24:106. [PMID: 38978006 PMCID: PMC11229204 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01636-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a worldwide pandemic affecting 500 million people. It is known to be associated with increased susceptibility to soft tissue infections (STI). Despite being a major public health burden, the literature relating the effects of DM and the presentation, severity and healing of STIs in general surgical patients remain limited. METHOD We conducted a retrospective review of all patients admitted with STI in a tertiary teaching hospital over a 12-month period. Patient demographics and surgical outcomes were collected and analysed. RESULTS During the study period, 1059 patients were admitted for STIs (88% required surgery). DM was an independent risk factor for LOS. Diabetic patients presented with higher body-mass index (28 vs. 26), larger abscess size (24 vs. 14 cm2) and had a longer length of stay (4.4 days vs. 2.9 days). They also underwent a higher proportion of wide debridement and application of negative pressure wound therapy (42% vs. 35%). More diabetic patients underwent subsequent re-operation within the same sitting (8 vs. 4). Diabetic patients were two times more likely to present with carbuncles (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION The incidence of STIs among DM patients represent a significant disease burden, surgeons should consider intensive patient counselling and partnering with primary care providers in order to help reduce the incidence of future STI admissions based upon lifestyle modification and glucose control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Vivyan Wei Yen Tay
- Department of General Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Piea Peng Lee
- Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sachin Mathur
- Department of General Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
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11
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Kashiri F, Sarbakhsh P, Mohammadpoorasl A, Seyedghasemi NS, Bagheri A, Akbari H. Survival, mortality and epidemic risk status of COVID-19: a population-based Study in Golestan province, Iran. Arch Public Health 2024; 82:105. [PMID: 38978085 PMCID: PMC11229216 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-024-01330-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appreciating the various dimensions of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic can improve health systems and prepare them to deal better with future pandemics and public health events. This study was conducted to investigate the association between the survival of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and the epidemic risk stratification of the disease in Golestan province, Iran. METHODS In this study, all patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized in the hospitals of Golestan province of Iran from February 20, 2020, to December 19, 2022, and were registered in the Medical Care Monitoring Center (MCMC) system (85,885 individuals) were examined.The community's epidemic risk status (ERS) was determined based on the daily incidence statistics of COVID-19. The survival distribution and compare Survival in different subgroups was investigated using Kaplan-Meier and log-rank test and association between the survival and ERS by multiple Cox regression modeling. RESULTS Out of 68,983 individuals whose data were correctly recorded, the mean age was 49 (SD = 23.98) years, and 52.8% were women. In total, 11.1% eventually died. The length of hospital stay was varying significantly with age, gender, ERS, underlying diseases, and COVID-19 severity (P < 0.001 for all). The adjusted hazard ratio of death for the ERS at medium, high, and very high-risk status compared to the low-risk status increased by 19%, 26%, and 56%, respectively (P < 0.001 for all). CONCLUSIONS Enhancing preparedness, facilitating rapid rises in hospital capacities, and developing backup healthcare capacities can prevent excessive hospital referrals during health crises and further deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kashiri
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Sarbakhsh
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Asghar Mohammadpoorasl
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Navisa Sadat Seyedghasemi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ali Bagheri
- Communicable Disease Control of Health Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hossein Akbari
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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12
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Takami J, Nakano Y, Harada E, Nakakuma S, Kawamoto R, Matsukawa K. A case of recurrent peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia during ongoing antibiotic treatment for Enterococcus faecalis-induced peritonitis. CEN Case Rep 2024:10.1007/s13730-024-00909-8. [PMID: 38954394 DOI: 10.1007/s13730-024-00909-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Recurrent peritonitis is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD), which could result in PD withdrawal and mortality. However, cases of recurrent peritonitis occurring during ongoing antimicrobial therapy are rarely reported. Herein, we present a 71-year-old man who experienced initial peritonitis due to Enterococcus faecalis. Despite effective antimicrobial therapy, he developed recurrent peritonitis while on antimicrobial therapy. PD fluid culture analysis yielded Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia). He was treated with multiple antimicrobials, and the peritoneal catheter was removed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of recurrent peritonitis caused by S. maltophilia, which was developed during antimicrobial treatment. Our report findings suggest the importance of considering S. maltophilia infection in an atypical case of very early recurrent peritonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Takami
- Department of Nephrology, Ome Medical Center, 4-16-5 Higasiome, Ome, Tokyo, 198-0042, Japan
| | - Yuta Nakano
- Department of Nephrology, Ome Medical Center, 4-16-5 Higasiome, Ome, Tokyo, 198-0042, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Eriko Harada
- Department of Nephrology, Ome Medical Center, 4-16-5 Higasiome, Ome, Tokyo, 198-0042, Japan
| | - Shota Nakakuma
- Department of Nephrology, Ome Medical Center, 4-16-5 Higasiome, Ome, Tokyo, 198-0042, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kawamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Ome Medical Center, 4-16-5 Higasiome, Ome, Tokyo, 198-0042, Japan.
| | - Kayoko Matsukawa
- Department of Nephrology, Ome Medical Center, 4-16-5 Higasiome, Ome, Tokyo, 198-0042, Japan
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Paz-Rodríguez VA, Herrera-Vargas DJ, Turiján-Espinoza E, Martínez-Leija ME, Rivera-López E, Hernández-González O, Zavala-Reyes D, García-Hernández MH, Vargas-Morales JM, Milán-Segovia RDC, Portales-Pérez DP. Function and expression of N-acetyltransferases 1 and 2 are altered in lymphocytes in type 2 diabetes and obesity. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 38:101716. [PMID: 38737726 PMCID: PMC11087921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The cytosolic enzymes N-Acetyl Transferases 1 and 2 (NATs) transfer an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to a xenobiotic substrate. NATs are regulated at the genetic and epigenetic levels by deacetylase enzymes such as sirtuins. The enzymatic expression of NAT1, NAT2, and SIRT1 was evaluated by flow cytometry, as well as the enzymatic activity of NATs by cell culture and HPLC analysis. Six SNPs were determined through genotyping. T2D patients (n = 29) and healthy subjects (n = 25) with a median age of 57 and 50, respectively, were recruited. An increased enzyme expression and a diminished NAT2 enzymatic activity were found in cells of T2D patients compared to the control group, while NAT1 was negatively correlated with body fat percentage and BMI. In contrast, Sirtuin inhibition increased NAT2 activity, while Sirtuin agonism decreased its activity in both groups. The analysis of NAT2 SNPs showed a higher frequency of rapid acetylation haplotypes in T2D patients compared to the control group, possibly associated as a risk factor for diabetes. The enzymatic expression of CD3+NAT2+ cells was higher in the rapid acetylators group compared to the slow acetylators group. The levels and activity of NAT1 were associated with total cholesterol and triglycerides. Meanwhile, CD3+NAT2+ cells and NAT2 activity levels were associated with HbA1c and glucose levels. The results indicate that NAT2 could be involved in metabolic processes related to the development of T2D, due to its association with glucose levels, HbA1c, and the altered SIRT-NAT axis. NAT1 may be involved with dyslipidaemias in people who are overweight or obese.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Judith Herrera-Vargas
- Research Center for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi (UASLP), Mexico
| | - Eneida Turiján-Espinoza
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ernesto Martínez-Leija
- Research Center for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi (UASLP), Mexico
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | | | - Oswaldo Hernández-González
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Daniel Zavala-Reyes
- Research Center for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi (UASLP), Mexico
| | | | - Juan Manuel Vargas-Morales
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | | | - Diana Patricia Portales-Pérez
- Research Center for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi (UASLP), Mexico
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, Mexico
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14
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Nakanishi S, Shimoda M, Kimura T, Sanada J, Fushimi Y, Iwamoto Y, Iwamoto H, Dan K, Mune T, Kaku K, Kaneto H. The impact of handgrip strength and waist circumference on glycemic control: Prospective, observational study using outpatient clinical data in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Investig 2024; 15:892-898. [PMID: 38534048 PMCID: PMC11215675 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Loss of muscle mass and the accumulation of visceral fat are known risk factors for the deterioration of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study looked at the effects of such factors on glycemic control in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the form of handgrip strength (HGS) and waist circumference (WC). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective, observational study, 233 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a HbA1c level of ≥7.0% were followed for around 1 year, during which time they were studied for an understanding of the association between handgrip strength, waist circumference, and glycemic control (HbA1c <7.0%). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for glycemic control improvement by Cox hazards models were analyzed for handgrip strength and waist circumference. RESULTS Compared with the low tertile, patients in the middle and high tertiles of handgrip strength when adjustment was carried out for waist circumference were 2.117 (1.142-3.924) and 4.670 (2.526-8.632), respectively. The HRs of patients in the middle and high tertiles of WC when adjustment was made for HGS were 0.442 (0.269-0.725) and 0.339 (0.191-0.604), respectively. Within the low, middle, and high HGS tertiles, the HRs for WC were 0.863 (0.797-0.934), 0.940 (0.899-0.982), and 1.009 (0.984-1.035), respectively, although the HRs for HGS within each WC tertile remained significant. CONCLUSIONS Handgrip strength and waist circumference demonstrated independent associations for glycemic control, but the effect of waist circumference appeared to be at least partially canceled out by increased handgrip strength. The data suggest that handgrip strength might help to mitigate the negative impact of waist circumference on glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Nakanishi
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyKawasaki Medical SchoolOkayamaJapan
| | - Masashi Shimoda
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyKawasaki Medical SchoolOkayamaJapan
| | - Tomohiko Kimura
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyKawasaki Medical SchoolOkayamaJapan
| | - Junpei Sanada
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyKawasaki Medical SchoolOkayamaJapan
| | - Yoshiro Fushimi
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyKawasaki Medical SchoolOkayamaJapan
| | - Yuichiro Iwamoto
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyKawasaki Medical SchoolOkayamaJapan
| | - Hideyuki Iwamoto
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyKawasaki Medical SchoolOkayamaJapan
| | - Kazunori Dan
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyKawasaki Medical SchoolOkayamaJapan
| | - Tomoatsu Mune
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyKawasaki Medical SchoolOkayamaJapan
| | - Kohei Kaku
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyKawasaki Medical SchoolOkayamaJapan
| | - Hideaki Kaneto
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and EndocrinologyKawasaki Medical SchoolOkayamaJapan
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15
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Refaie MMM, Mohammed HH, Abdel-Hakeem EA, Bayoumi AMA, Mohamed ZH, Shehata S. Cardioprotective role of diacerein in diabetic cardiomyopathy via modulation of inflammasome/caspase1/interleukin1β pathway in juvenile rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:5079-5091. [PMID: 38224346 PMCID: PMC11166746 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02921-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder affecting different body organs; one of its serious complications is diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Thus, finding more cardiopreserving agents to protect the heart against such illness is a critical task. For the first time, we planned to study the suspected role of diacerein (DIA) in ameliorating DCM in juvenile rats and explore different mechanisms mediating its effect including inflammasome/caspase1/interleukin1β pathway. Four-week-aged juvenile rats were randomly divided into groups; the control group, diacerein group, diabetic group, and diabetic-treated group. Streptozotocin (45 mg/kg) single intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose was administered for induction of type 1 diabetes on the 1st day which was confirmed by detecting blood glucose level. DIA was given in a dose of 50 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks to diabetic and non-diabetic rats, then we evaluated different inflammatory, apoptotic, and oxidative stress parameters. Induction of DCM succeeded as there were significant increases in cardiac enzymes, heart weights, fasting blood glucose level (FBG), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) associated with elevated blood pressure (BP), histopathological changes, and increased caspase 3 immunoexpression. Furthermore, there was an increase of malondialdehyde (MDA), inflammasome, caspase1, angiotensin II, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and interleukin 1β (IL1β). However, antioxidant parameters such as reduced glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) significantly declined. Fortunately, DIA reversed the diabetic cardiomyopathy changes mostly due to the observed anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties with regulation of blood glucose level.DIA has an ability to regulate DCM-associated biochemical and histopathological disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M M Refaie
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, 61511, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Hassanein Mohammed
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, 61511, Egypt
| | - Elshymaa A Abdel-Hakeem
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, 61511, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa M A Bayoumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, El-Minia, 61511, Egypt
| | - Zamzam Hassan Mohamed
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, 61511, Egypt
| | - Sayed Shehata
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, 61511, Egypt
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16
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von Hofsten J, Zetterberg M. Risk Factors for Cytomegalovirus Retinitis in a National Survey in Sweden. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2024; 32:485-492. [PMID: 36625562 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2022.2154679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate predisposing immunosuppressive conditions causing cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVr) and risk factors for delayed diagnosis in patients diagnosed between 2008 and 2018 in the Swedish population of 10 million. RESULTS Sixty-three consecutive patients (100 eyes) were diagnosed with CMVr. The most common immunosuppressive state predisposing for CMVr was hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients (27%) and hematological malignancy (24%). Two patients (3.2%) had no other predisposing factor than diabetes mellitus (DM). Patients with delayed diagnosis (≤30 days) were older than those with earlier diagnosis, mean age 68.7 (±9.8) and 48.8 (±17.6), respectively, p = .001. Signs of intraocular inflammation (IOI) were seen in 42 (70%) of cases and more common in delayed than early diagnosis, 16 (89%) and 21 (60%) respectively (p = .03). CONCLUSION Delayed diagnosis was more common in older individuals with signs of IOI. DM may be a risk factor for CMVr, and clinical signs can be mistaken for diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna von Hofsten
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Ophthalmology, Halland Hospital Halmstad, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Madeleine Zetterberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
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17
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Alexander M, Cho E, Gliozheni E, Salem Y, Cheung J, Ichii H. Pathology of Diabetes-Induced Immune Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7105. [PMID: 39000211 PMCID: PMC11241249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with numerous comorbidities, one of which is increased vulnerability to infections. This review will focus on how diabetes mellitus (DM) affects the immune system and its various components, leading to the impaired proliferation of immune cells and the induction of senescence. We will explore how the pathology of diabetes-induced immune dysfunction may have similarities to the pathways of "inflammaging", a persistent low-grade inflammation common in the elderly. Inflammaging may increase the likelihood of conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis at a younger age. Diabetes affects bone marrow composition and cellular senescence, and in combination with advanced age also affects lymphopoiesis by increasing myeloid differentiation and reducing lymphoid differentiation. Consequently, this leads to a reduced immune system response in both the innate and adaptive phases, resulting in higher infection rates, reduced vaccine response, and increased immune cells' senescence in diabetics. We will also explore how some diabetes drugs induce immune senescence despite their benefits on glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Alexander
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA 92868, USA
| | - Eric Cho
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA 92868, USA
| | - Eiger Gliozheni
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA 92868, USA
| | - Yusuf Salem
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA 92868, USA
| | - Joshua Cheung
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA 92868, USA
| | - Hirohito Ichii
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA 92868, USA
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18
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Oyato BT, Debele T, Edosa D, Abasimel HZ, Awol M, Kebede ET, Gezahagn A, Desta AA, Alemu FT, Asfaw SB. Determinants of puerperal sepsis among postpartum women: a case-control study in East Shoa Zone public hospitals, Central Ethiopia. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e083230. [PMID: 38908838 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-083230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify determinants of puerperal sepsis among postpartum women attending East Shoa Zone public hospitals, Central Ethiopia, 2023. DESIGN AND SETTING An institutional-based, unmatched case-control study was conducted from 19 June 2023 to 4 September 2023, in East Shoa Zone public hospitals. PARTICIPANTS 495 postpartum women (100 cases and 395 controls) were selected using systematic sampling techniques. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and from medical charts using a pretested, structured questionnaire. The AOR with its corresponding 95% CI was used to identify determinant variables. Findings were presented in texts and tables. OUTCOME MEASURES The medical charts of participants were reviewed to identify those who had developed puerperal sepsis. RESULTS Anaemia (AOR 6.05; 95% CI 2.57 to 14.26), undernourishment (AOR 4.43; 95% CI 1.96 to 10.01), gestational diabetes mellitus (AOR 3.26; 95% CI 1.22 to 8.74), postpartum haemorrhage (AOR 3.17; 95% CI 1.28 to 7.87), obstructed labour (AOR 2.76; 95% CI 1.17 to 6.52), multiparity (AOR 2.54; 95% CI 1.17 to 5.50), placenta previa (AOR 2.27; 95% CI 1.11 to 4.67) and vaginal examination ≥5 times (AOR 2.19; 95% CI 1.05 to 4.54) were the independent determinants of puerperal sepsis in this study. CONCLUSION This study found that gestational diabetes mellitus, anaemia, undernourishment, placenta previa, obstructed labour, postpartum haemorrhage and five or more per-vaginal examinations during labour were the determinants of puerperal sepsis. Therefore, it is recommended that obstetric care providers strictly adhere to guidelines on the number of vaginal exams that should be performed throughout labour and that they perform these exams using the appropriate infection-prevention techniques. In addition, they should provide comprehensive health education on nutrition during pregnancy and postnatal periods and the importance of iron supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tirunesh Debele
- Department of Midwifery, Salale University, Fitche, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Dejene Edosa
- Department of Midwifery, Salale University, Fitche, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | | | - Mukemil Awol
- Department of Midwifery, Salale University, Fitche, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | | | - Andualem Gezahagn
- Department of Midwifery, Salale University, Fitche, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Samuel Boja Asfaw
- Department of Midwifery, Salale University, Fitche, Oromia, Ethiopia
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19
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O'Connor MJ, Bartler AV, Ho KC, Zhang K, Casas Fuentes RJ, Melnick BA, Huffman KN, Hong SJ, Galiano RD. Understanding Staphylococcus aureus in hyperglycaemia: A review of virulence factor and metabolic adaptations. Wound Repair Regen 2024. [PMID: 38853489 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most commonly detected bacteria in diabetic skin and soft tissue infections. The incidence and severity of skin and soft tissue infections are higher in patients with diabetes, indicating a potentiating mechanism of hyperglycaemia and infection. The goal of this review is to explore the metabolic and virulence factor adaptations of S. aureus under hyperglycaemic conditions. Primary data from identified studies were included and summarised in this paper. Understanding the nexus of hyperglycaemia, metabolism, and virulence factors provides insights into the complexity of diabetic skin and soft tissue infections attributed to S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline J O'Connor
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Angelica V Bartler
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kelly C Ho
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kenneth Zhang
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rolando J Casas Fuentes
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bradley A Melnick
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, West Virginia, USA
| | - Kristin N Huffman
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Seok Jong Hong
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert D Galiano
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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20
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Guo H, Wan C, Zhu J, Jiang X, Li S. Association of systemic immune-inflammation index with insulin resistance and prediabetes: a cross-sectional study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1377792. [PMID: 38904046 PMCID: PMC11188308 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1377792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Previous research suggested a relationship between the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) and multiple adverse health conditions. However, the role of SII in prediabetes and insulin resistance (IR) remains poorly understood. Therefore, this study aims to explore the potential relationship between SII and prediabetes and IR, providing data support for effective diabetes prevention by reducing systemic inflammation. Methods Linear regression models were used to assess the correlation between continuous SII and risk markers for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Subsequently, multivariate logistic regression models and subgroup analyses were employed to evaluate the association between SII tertiles and prediabetes and IR, controlling for various confounding factors. Finally, restricted cubic spline graphs were used to analyze the nonlinear relationship between SII and IR and prediabetes. Results After controlling for multiple potential confounders, SII was positively correlated with fasting blood glucose (FBG) (β: 0.100; 95% CI: 0.040 to 0.160), fasting serum insulin (FSI) (β: 1.042; 95% CI: 0.200 to 1.885), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (β: 0.273; 95% CI: 0.022 to 0.523). Compared to participants with lower SII, those in the highest tertile had increased odds of prediabetes (OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.02-1.34; p for trend < 0.05) and IR (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.18 to 1.51; p for trend<0.001). Conclusions Our study results demonstrate an elevated association between SII levels and both IR and prediabetes, indicating SII as a straightforward and cost-effective method identifying individuals with IR and prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuan Wan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiuxing Jiang
- Frontier Medical Training Brigade, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Xinjiang, China
| | - Shufa Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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21
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Uthaya Kumar A, Ahmad Zan M, Ng CL, Chieng S, Nathan S. Diabetes and Infectious Diseases with a Focus on Melioidosis. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:208. [PMID: 38833191 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03748-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) leads to impaired innate and adaptive immune responses. This renders individuals with DM highly susceptible to microbial infections such as COVID-19, tuberculosis and melioidosis. Melioidosis is a tropical disease caused by the bacterial pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei, where diabetes is consistently reported as the most significant risk factor associated with the disease. Type-2 diabetes is observed in 39% of melioidosis patients where the risk of infection is 13-fold higher than non-diabetic individuals. B. pseudomallei is found in the environment and is an opportunistic pathogen in humans, often exhibiting severe clinical manifestations in immunocompromised patients. The pathophysiology of diabetes significantly affects the host immune responses that play a critical role in fighting the infection, such as leukocyte and neutrophil impairment, macrophage and monocyte inhibition and natural killer cell dysfunction. These defects result in delayed recruitment as well as activation of immune cells to target the invading B. pseudomallei. This provides an advantage for the pathogen to survive and adapt within the immunocompromised diabetic patients. Nevertheless, knowledge gaps on diabetes-infectious disease comorbidity, in particular, melioidosis-diabetes comorbidity, need to be filled to fully understand the dysfunctional host immune responses and adaptation of the pathogen under diabetic conditions to guide therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asqwin Uthaya Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Ahmad Zan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Chyan-Leong Ng
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Sylvia Chieng
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Sheila Nathan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia.
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22
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Takeuchi M, Nishio Y, Someya H, Sato T, Yoshimura A, Ito M, Harimoto K. Autoimmune uveitis attenuated in diabetic mice through imbalance of Th1/Th17 differentiation via suppression of AP-1 signaling pathway in Th cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1347018. [PMID: 38887289 PMCID: PMC11180723 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1347018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes, however the impact of diabetes on organ-specific autoimmune diseases remains unexplored. Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) is a widely accepted animal model of human endogenous uveitis. In this study, we investigated the effects of diabetic conditions on the development of EAU using a mouse diabetes model. Methods EAU was induced in wild-type C57BL/6 (WT) mice and Ins2Akita (Akita) mice with spontaneous diabetes by immunization with IRBP peptide. Clinical and histopathological examinations, and analysis of T cell activation state were conducted. In addition, alternations in the composition of immune cell types and gene expression profiles of relevant immune functions were identified using single-cell RNA sequencing. Results The development of EAU was significantly attenuated in immunized Akita (Akita-EAU) mice compared with immunized WT (WT-EAU) mice, although T cells were fully activated in Akita-EAU mice, and the differentiation into Th17 cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells was promoted. However, Th1 cell differentiation was inhibited in Akita-EAU mice, and single-cell analysis indicated that gene expression associated AP-1 signaling pathway (JUN, FOS, and FOSB) was downregulated not only in Th1 cells but also in Th17, and Treg cells in Akita-EAU mice at the onset of EAU. Conclusions In diabetic mice, EAU was significantly attenuated. This was related to selective inhibition of Th1 cell differentiation and downregulated AP-1 signaling pathway in both Th1 and Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Takeuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishio
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hideaki Someya
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomohito Sato
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Ito
- Department of Developmental Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kozo Harimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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23
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Rezaei S, Nilforoushzadeh MA, Amirkhani MA, Moghadasali R, Taghiabadi E, Nasrabadi D. Preclinical and Clinical Studies on the Use of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Chronic Wounds. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2637-2658. [PMID: 38728585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
To date, the widespread implementation of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of chronic wounds, including debridement, infection control, and the use of grafts and various dressings, has been time-consuming and accompanied by many challenges, with definite success not yet achieved. Extensive studies on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have led to suggestions for their use in treating various diseases. Given the existing barriers to utilizing such cells and numerous pieces of evidence indicating the crucial role of the paracrine signaling system in treatments involving MSCs, extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from these cells have garnered significant attention in treating chronic wounds in recent years. This review begins with a general overview of current methods for chronic wound treatment, followed by an exploration of EV structure, biogenesis, extraction methods, and characterization. Subsequently, utilizing databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect, we have explored the latest findings regarding the role of EVs in the healing of chronic wounds, particularly diabetic and burn wounds. In this context, the role and mode of action of these nanoparticles in healing chronic wounds through mechanisms such as oxygen level elevation, oxidative stress damage reduction, angiogenesis promotion, macrophage polarization assistance, etc., as well as the use of EVs as carriers for engineered nucleic acids, have been investigated. The upcoming challenges in translating EV-based treatments for healing chronic wounds, along with possible approaches to address these challenges, are discussed. Additionally, clinical trial studies in this field are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Rezaei
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 3514799422, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 3514799422Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Nilforoushzadeh
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
- Skin Repair Research Center, Jordan Dermatology and Hair Transplantation Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1516745811, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amir Amirkhani
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
| | - Reza Moghadasali
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635148, Iran
| | - Ehsan Taghiabadi
- Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
- Skin Repair Research Center, Jordan Dermatology and Hair Transplantation Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1516745811, Iran
| | - Davood Nasrabadi
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 3514799422, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 3514799422Iran
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Hang TXH, Jarupinthusophon S, Hairani R, Nguyen VK, Chavasiri W. Cycloartane-type triterpenoids from the leaves of Sandoricum koetjape and their efficacy on α-glucosidase inhibition activity. J Nat Med 2024; 78:655-663. [PMID: 38429480 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01778-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The preliminary α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the methanol extract of the leaves of Sandoricum koetjape Merr. exhibited promising results. The leaves was extracted with methanol to obtain the methanol extract that was continuedly partitioned with hexane and ethyl acetate. Those fractions were further purified by various chromatographic techniques. The isolation of the potent fractions furnished two new cycloartane-type triterpenoids (1 and 2) along with ten known compounds (3-12). Their chemical structures were unambiguously established by interpretation of NMR (1 D & 2 D) and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS) data. Furthermore, the configurations of two new compounds were determined by using NOESY spectrum as well as comparing their NMR data to the reference. These compounds were evaluated against α-glucosidase. All tested compounds revealed potent activity with IC50 value in the range of 2.17-49.2 µM compared to that of acarbose (IC50 100.6 µM). Compound 10 showed the lowest IC50 value. This compound was reported as a mixed-type inhibitor. Compound 3 possessed the second strong activity with an IC50 value of 14.0 μM and was further investigated on kinetic analysis which revealed as a mixed-type inhibitor with Ki and Ki' values of 59.1 and 155.2 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Xuan-Hoa Hang
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Suekanya Jarupinthusophon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Phranakhon Rajabhat University, Bangkok, 10220, Thailand
| | - Rita Hairani
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Van-Kieu Nguyen
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Duy Tan University, Ho Chi Minh City, 710000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
| | - Warinthorn Chavasiri
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Contreras FJ, Pinsker BL, Katz JN, Russell SD, Schroder J, Bryner B, Gunn AH, Amin K, Milano C. Value of nutritional indices in predicting survival free from pump replacement and driveline infections in centrifugal left ventricular assist devices. JTCVS OPEN 2024; 19:175-182. [PMID: 39015460 PMCID: PMC11247232 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjon.2024.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Objective There is a paucity of data assessing the impact of nutritional status on outcomes in patients supported with the HeartMate 3 (HM3) left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Methods Patients ≥18 years of age who underwent HM3 LVAD implantation between 2015 and 2020 were identified from a single tertiary care center. The primary outcome assessed was death or device replacement. A secondary outcome of driveline infection was also evaluated. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and a multivariate Cox-proportional hazards model were used to identify predictors of outcome. Results Of the 289 patients identified, 94 (33%) experienced a primary outcome and 96 (33%) a secondary outcome during a median follow-up time of 2.3 years. Independent predictors of the primary outcome included peripheral vascular disease (hazard ratio [HR], 3.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.66-6.97, P < .01), diabetes mellitus (HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.27-0.80, P < .01), body mass index ≥40 kg/m2 (HR, 2.63 per 1 kg/m2 increase; 95% CI, 1.22-5.70, P < .05), preoperative creatinine level (HR, 1.86 per 1 mg/dL increase; 95% CI, 1.31-2.65, P < .01), and preoperative prognostic nutritional index (PNI) score (HR, 0.88 per 1-point increase; 95% CI, 0.81-0.96, P < .01). Independent predictors of driveline infection included age at the time of implantation (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96-0.99, P < .01) and diabetes mellitus (HR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.17-2.73, P < .01). Conclusions Preoperative PNI scores may independently predict mortality and the need for device replacement in patients with HM3 LVAD. Routine use of the PNI score during preoperative evaluation and, when possible, supplementation to PNI >33, may be of value in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Jimenez Contreras
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Bret L. Pinsker
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Jason N. Katz
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Stuart D. Russell
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Jacob Schroder
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Benjamin Bryner
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Alexander H. Gunn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Krunal Amin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Carmelo Milano
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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Chin BZ, Lee P, Sia CH, Hong CC. Diabetic foot ulcer is associated with cardiovascular-related mortality and morbidity - a systematic review and meta-analysis of 8062 patients. Endocrine 2024; 84:852-863. [PMID: 38280983 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03696-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence of cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), as well as compare risks of cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality between diabetic patients with and without DFU. METHODS A systematic search was conducted on Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases for randomized controlled trials and observational studies which explored the association between DFU and cardiovascular-related morbidity & mortality, or compared differences in hazard ratios of cardiovascular diseases between diabetics with and without DFU. Frequentist, pairwise meta-analysis was performed on studies with two comparator arms, whereas single-arm studies reporting pooled incidences of cardiovascular-related mortality and morbidity were calculated based on exact binomial distributions. A random-effect meta-analysis model was used with heterogenicity of studies assessed using I2, τ2, and χ2 statistics. RESULTS 10 studies were identified and included in the systematic review & meta-analysis of 8602 patients. DFU was consistently found to have significant association with cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality, with pooled prevalences of all cause cardiovascular-related morbidity (37.1%), IHD (44.7%), CHF (25.1%), CAD (11.7%), and CVA (10.9%), and all cause cardiovascular-related mortality (14.6%), fatal IHD (6.2%), fatal CHF (3.67%), fatal CAD (7.92%), and fatal CVA (1.99%). Diabetic patients with DFU were found to have significantly increased risk of IHD (RR 1.25), CVA (RR 2.03), and all-cause cardiovascular-related mortality (RR 2.59) compared to those without DFU. CONCLUSIONS The presence of DFU is associated with major adverse cardiac events. The alarming rates of cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality in DFU patients highlight its potential role as a marker of cardiovascular complications and should prompt early clinical investigation and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Zhaojie Chin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Health System, Level 11 Tower Block, 1E, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Peng Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Health System, Level 11 Tower Block, 1E, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Ching-Hui Sia
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, NUHS Tower Block Level 9, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block Level 10, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Choon Chiet Hong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Health System, Level 11 Tower Block, 1E, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block Level 10, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
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Sathisaran I. 3D printing and bioprinting in the battle against diabetes and its chronic complications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1363483. [PMID: 38863489 PMCID: PMC11165705 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1363483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar. Uncontrolled blood glucose affects the circulatory system in an organism by intervening blood circulation. The high blood glucose can lead to macrovascular (large blood vessels) and microvascular (small blood vessels) complications. Due to this, the vital organs (notably brain, eyes, feet, heart, kidneys, lungs and nerves) get worsen in diabetic patients if not treated at the earliest. Therefore, acquiring treatment at an appropriate time is very important for managing diabetes and other complications that are caused due to diabetes. The root cause for the occurrence of various health complications in diabetic patients is the uncontrolled blood glucose levels. This review presents a consolidated account of the applications of various types of three-dimensional (3D) printing and bioprinting technologies in treating diabetes as well as the complications caused due to impaired blood glucose levels. Herein, the development of biosensors (for the diagnosis), oral drug formulations, transdermal drug carriers, orthotic insoles and scaffolds (for the treatment) are discussed. Next to this, the fabrication of 3D bioprinted organs and cell-seeded hydrogels (pancreas engineering for producing insulin and bone engineering for managing bone defects) are explained. As the final application, 3D bioprinting of diabetic disease models for high-throughput screening of ant-diabetic drugs are discussed. Lastly, the challenges and future perspective associated with the use of 3D printing and bioprinting technologies against diabetes and its related chronic complications have been put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indumathi Sathisaran
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
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28
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Li W, Dong P, Wang W. Association of systemic inflammation markers in cancer mortality with diabetes: evidence from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Acta Diabetol 2024:10.1007/s00592-024-02301-5. [PMID: 38801427 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-024-02301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Inflammation plays a crucial role in the interconnection between diabetes and cancer. Our study seeks to investigate the predictive value of inflammatory indices concerning overall survival (OS) among diabetic cancer patients. METHODS We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 1999 and 2020. Using four immune-related markers, we employed the log-rank method, multivariate Cox regression, and subgroup analysis to explore the predictive capacity of these markers for OS among adult individuals with diabetes and cancer. RESULTS Our study identified four systemic immune-inflammatory indices that demonstrated significant predictive potential for OS among diabetic cancer patients, namely systemic immune-inflammation index, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (all p values < 0.05). Notably, these inflammatory biomarkers still maintain their predictive value after adjusting potential confounding factors. The analysis using restrictive cubic splines revealed significant non-linear relationships between inflammatory biomarkers and OS. CONCLUSION The findings presented in this study underscore the potential of inflammatory markers as prognostic indicators and their crucial role in enhancing risk assessment for diabetic patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Peixin Dong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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Cosmin Stan M, Paul D. Diabetes and Cancer: A Twisted Bond. Oncol Rev 2024; 18:1354549. [PMID: 38835644 PMCID: PMC11148650 DOI: 10.3389/or.2024.1354549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the interconnection between various factors related to both cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, chronic inflammation, and obesity are involved in the development and progression of both diseases but, strong evidence for a direct causal relationship between diabetes and cancer, is lacking. Several studies described a relationship between hyperglycemia and cancer at the cellular, tissular and organismic levels but at the same time recent Mendelian randomization studies proved a significant causal relationship only between hyperglycemia and breast cancer. On the other hand, the association between both hyperinsulinemia and obesity and several cancer types appears to be robust as demonstrated by Mendelian randomized studies. Metabolic alterations, including the Warburg effect and excessive glucose consumption by tumors, are discussed, highlighting the potential impact of dietary restrictions, such as fasting and low-carb diets, on tumor growth and inflammation. Recent data indicates that circulating branched-chain amino acids levels, may represent novel biomarkers that may contribute to both better diabetes control and early pancreatic cancer detection. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and shared risk factors between cancer and T2DM can provide valuable insights for cancer prevention, early detection, and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Cosmin Stan
- Emergency County Hospital Rm. Vâlcea, Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania
- Medical Oncology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Doru Paul
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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30
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Brösecke F, Pfau A, Ermer T, Dein Terra Mota Ribeiro AB, Rubenbauer L, Rao VS, Burlein S, Genser B, Reichel M, Aronson PS, Coca S, Knauf F. Interleukin-16 is increased in dialysis patients but is not a cardiovascular risk factor. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11323. [PMID: 38760468 PMCID: PMC11101424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61808-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxalate, a uremic toxin that accumulates in dialysis patients, is associated with cardiovascular disease. As oxalate crystals can activate immune cells, we tested the hypothesis that plasma oxalate would be associated with cytokine concentrations and cardiovascular outcomes in dialysis patients. In a cohort of 104 US patients with kidney failure requiring dialysis (cohort 1), we measured 21 inflammatory markers. As IL-16 was the only cytokine to correlate with oxalate, we focused further investigations on IL-16. We searched for associations between concentrations of IL-16 and mortality and cardiovascular events in the 4D cohort (1255 patients, cohort 2) and assessed further associations of IL-16 with other uremic toxins in this cohort. IL-16 levels were positively correlated with pOx concentrations (ρ = 0.39 in cohort 1, r = 0.35 in cohort 2) and were elevated in dialysis patients when compared to healthy individuals. No significant association could be found between IL-16 levels and cardiovascular events or mortality in the 4D cohort. We conclude that the cytokine IL-16 correlates with plasma oxalate concentrations and is substantially increased in patients with kidney failure on dialysis. However, no association could be detected between IL-16 concentrations and cardiovascular disease in the 4D cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Brösecke
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Pfau
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- MVZ Dialysezentrum (Dialysis Center), Schweinfurt, Germany
| | - Theresa Ermer
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ana Beatriz Dein Terra Mota Ribeiro
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Rubenbauer
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Veena S Rao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sarah Burlein
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Genser
- Department of General Medicine, Centre for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health Baden Württemberg, Ruprecht Karls University, Heidelberg, Germany
- High5Data GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Reichel
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter S Aronson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Steven Coca
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, Mt. Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Felix Knauf
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Chen G, Che L, Lai M, Wei T, Chen C, Zhu P, Ran J. Association of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in US adults with diabetes and prediabetes: a prospective cohort study. BMC Endocr Disord 2024; 24:64. [PMID: 38730476 PMCID: PMC11084136 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-024-01592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a novel hematological parameter to assess systemic inflammation. Prior investigations have indicated that an increased NLR may serve as a potential marker for pathological states such as cancer and atherosclerosis. However, there exists a dearth of research investigating the correlation between NLR levels and mortality in individuals with diabetes and prediabetes. Consequently, this study aims to examine the connection between NLR and all-cause as well as cardiovascular mortality in the population of the United States (US) with hyperglycemia status. METHODS Data were collected from a total of 20,270 eligible individuals enrolled for analysis, spanning ten cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018. The subjects were categorized into three groups based on tertiles of NLR levels. The association of NLR with both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression models. Restricted cubic splines were used to visualize the nonlinear relationship between NLR levels and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in subjects with diabetes after accounting for all relevant factors. RESULTS Over a median follow-up period of 8.6 years, a total of 1909 subjects with diabetes died, with 671 deaths attributed to cardiovascular disease (CVD). And over a period of 8.46 years, 1974 subjects with prediabetes died, with 616 cases due to CVD. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) comparing high to low tertile of NLR in diabetes subjects were found to be 1.37 (95% CI, 1.19-1.58) for all-cause mortality and 1.63 (95% CI, 1.29-2.05) for CVD mortality. And the correlation between high to low NLR tertile and heightened susceptibility to mortality from any cause (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.03-1.43) and CVD mortality (HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.08-2.04) remained statistically significant (both p-values for trend < 0.05) in prediabetes subjects. The 10-year cumulative survival probability was determined to be 70.34%, 84.65% for all-cause events, and 86.21%, 94.54% for cardiovascular events in top NLR tertile of diabetes and prediabetes individuals, respectively. Furthermore, each incremental unit in the absolute value of NLR was associated with a 16%, 12% increase in all-cause mortality and a 25%, 24% increase in cardiovascular mortality among diabetes and prediabetes individuals, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this prospective cohort study conducted in the US indicate a positive association of elevated NLR levels with heightened risks of overall and cardiovascular mortality among adults with diabetes and prediabetes. However, potential confounding factors for NLR and the challenge of monitoring NLR's fluctuations over time should be further focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangshu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Che
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Meizheng Lai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Wei
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, China
| | - Chuping Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jianmin Ran
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, Guangdong, China.
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Schwartz J, Capistrano KJ, Gluck J, Hezarkhani A, Naqvi AR. SARS-CoV-2, periodontal pathogens, and host factors: The trinity of oral post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2543. [PMID: 38782605 PMCID: PMC11260190 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 as a pan-epidemic is waning but there it is imperative to understand virus interaction with oral tissues and oral inflammatory diseases. We review periodontal disease (PD), a common inflammatory oral disease, as a driver of COVID-19 and oral post-acute-sequelae conditions (PASC). Oral PASC identifies with PD, loss of teeth, dysgeusia, xerostomia, sialolitis-sialolith, and mucositis. We contend that PD-associated oral microbial dysbiosis involving higher burden of periodontopathic bacteria provide an optimal microenvironment for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. These pathogens interact with oral epithelial cells activate molecular or biochemical pathways that promote viral adherence, entry, and persistence in the oral cavity. A repertoire of diverse molecules identifies this relationship including lipids, carbohydrates and enzymes. The S protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds to the ACE2 receptor and is activated by protease activity of host furin or TRMPSS2 that cleave S protein subunits to promote viral entry. However, PD pathogens provide additional enzymatic assistance mimicking furin and augment SARS-CoV-2 adherence by inducing viral entry receptors ACE2/TRMPSS, which are poorly expressed on oral epithelial cells. We discuss the mechanisms involving periodontopathogens and host factors that facilitate SARS-CoV-2 infection and immune resistance resulting in incomplete clearance and risk for 'long-haul' oral health issues characterising PASC. Finally, we suggest potential diagnostic markers and treatment avenues to mitigate oral PASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Schwartz
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, USA
| | | | - Joseph Gluck
- Department of Periodontics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, USA
| | - Armita Hezarkhani
- Department of Periodontics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, USA
| | - Afsar R. Naqvi
- Department of Periodontics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, USA
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Fung WW, SZE RKH, Szeto CC, Chow KM. Staphylococcus lugdunensis Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritonitis: A Matched Comparative Analysis. Kidney Med 2024; 6:100811. [PMID: 38650953 PMCID: PMC11033185 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2024.100811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale & Objective Staphylococcus lugdunensis (S lugdunensis) is a coagulase-negative staphylococcus species that has been increasingly recognized to cause serious infections with virulence resembling Staphylococcus aureus (S aureus). No studies have evaluated the characteristics and outcomes of patients with S lugdunensis peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis compared with those with S aureus peritonitis. We aim to evaluate the clinical course of peritonitis as caused by these organisms. Study Design A retrospective matched comparative analysis involving a single tertiary center from July 2000 to July 2020. Setting & Participants Forty-eight episodes of S aureus peritonitis were matched to 19 cases of S lugdunensis peritonitis. Analytical Approach The cases were individually matched for year of peritonitis, sex, age (±10 years), and Charlson Comorbidity Index (±3). A comparative analysis was performed between the 2 organisms. The outcome includes responses at day 5 of peritonitis and the rate of complete response. Results There is a higher predilection of diabetes in those with S aureus peritonitis than in those with S lugdunensis (64.6% vs 31.6%; P = 0.03). Patients with S aureus peritonitis also have a much higher total cell count at presentation (4,463.9 ± 5,479.5 vs 1,807.9 ± 3,322.7; P = 0.05); a higher prevalence of poor response at day 5 (50.0% vs 15.8%; P = 0.03); a lower rate of complete response (64.6% vs 94.7%; P = 0.01) and are more prone to relapse with the same organism (29.2% vs 0%, respectively; P = 0.01) as compared to those with S lugdunensis. Limitations The result of this small retrospective study involving a single center may not be generalizable to other centers. There is also no data for comparative analysis on other coagulase-negative staphylococci such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, which belongs to the same family as S lugdunensis. Conclusions Although S aureus peritonitis is more virulent with significant morbidity, S lugdunensis can cause similarly serious peritonitis. This largest case series of S lugdunensis peritonitis enabled better characterization of clinical features and outcomes of patients with S lugdunensis peritonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston W.S. Fung
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ryan K.-H. SZE
- Department of Microbiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheuk-Chun Szeto
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences (LiHS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai-Ming Chow
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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Dash SP, Gupta S, Sarangi PP. Monocytes and macrophages: Origin, homing, differentiation, and functionality during inflammation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29686. [PMID: 38681642 PMCID: PMC11046129 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages are essential components of innate immune system and have versatile roles in homeostasis and immunity. These phenotypically distinguishable mononuclear phagocytes play distinct roles in different stages, contributing to the pathophysiology in various forms making them a potentially attractive therapeutic target in inflammatory conditions. Several pieces of evidence have supported the role of different cell surface receptors expressed on these cells and their downstream signaling molecules in initiating and perpetuating the inflammatory response. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the monocyte and macrophage biology in inflammation, highlighting the role of chemoattractants, inflammasomes, and integrins in the function of monocytes and macrophages during events of inflammation. This review also covers the recent therapeutic interventions targeting these mononuclear phagocytes at the cellular and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiba Prasad Dash
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Saloni Gupta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pranita P. Sarangi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
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Atiase Y, Effah K, Mawusi Wormenor C, Tekpor E, Aku Catherine Morkli E, Boafo E, Yorke E, Aryee R, Essel NOM, Danyo S, Kemawor S, Akpalu J. Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus infection among women with diabetes mellitus in Accra, Ghana. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:260. [PMID: 38664791 PMCID: PMC11044360 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-03078-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence of a higher risk and poorer prognosis of cervical cancer among women with diabetes mellitus (DM) compared to the general population. These are mediated by higher susceptibility to persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) infection due to dysfunctional clearance in an immunocompromised state. We aimed to determine the prevalence of hr-HPV infection and cervical lesions in a cohort of women with DM in Ghana. We further disaggregated the prevalence according to DM type and explored factors associated with hr-HPV infection. METHODS This retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study assessed 198 women with DM who underwent cervical screening via concurrent hr-HPV DNA testing and visual inspection with acetic acid in an outpatient department of the National Diabetes Management and Research Centre in Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra from March to May 2022. Univariate and multivariable binary logistic regression were used to explore factors associated with hr-HPV positivity. RESULTS Among 198 women with DM (mean age, 60.2 ± 12.1 years), the overall hr-HPV prevalence rate was 21.7% (95% CI, 16.1-28.1), disaggregated as 1.5% (95% CI, 0.3-4.4) each for HPV16 and HPV18 and 20.7% (95% CI, 15.3-27.0) for other HPV genotype(s). Respective hr-HPV prevalence rates were 37.5% (95% CI, 15.2-64.6) for type 1 DM, 19.8% (95% CI, 13.9-26.7) for type 2 DM, and 25.0% (95% CI, 8.7-49.1) for unspecified/other DM types. Past use of the combined contraceptive pill independently increased the risk of hr-HPV infection by approximately three times (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.98; 95% CI, 1.03 - 8.64; p-value = 0.045), whereas each unit increase in FBG level increased the odds of hr-HPV infection by about 15% (aOR = 1.15; 95% CI, 1.02 - 1.30; p-value = 0.021). CONCLUSION Our study points to a high prevalence of hr-HPV among women with DM and highlights a need for glycemic control among them as this could contribute to lowering their odds of hr-HPV infection. The low overall rates of HPV vaccination and prior screening also indicate a need to build capacity and expand the scope of education and services offered to women with DM as regards cervical precancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacoba Atiase
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, P. O. Box GP 4236, Accra, Ghana.
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Korle-Bu, P. O. Box KB 77, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Kofi Effah
- Catholic Hospital, Battor, P. O. Box 2, Battor, Ghana
| | | | - Ethel Tekpor
- Catholic Hospital, Battor, P. O. Box 2, Battor, Ghana
| | | | - Eunice Boafo
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Korle-Bu, P. O. Box KB 77, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ernest Yorke
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, P. O. Box GP 4236, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Korle-Bu, P. O. Box KB 77, Accra, Ghana
| | - Robert Aryee
- Department of Cardiology, University of Ghana Medical Center, P. O. Box LG 25, Accra, Ghana
| | - Nana Owusu Mensah Essel
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 730 University Terrace, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2T4, Canada
| | - Stephen Danyo
- Catholic Hospital, Battor, P. O. Box 2, Battor, Ghana
| | | | - Josephine Akpalu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, P. O. Box GP 4236, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Korle-Bu, P. O. Box KB 77, Accra, Ghana
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Cilloniz C, Torres A. Diabetes Mellitus and Pneumococcal Pneumonia. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:859. [PMID: 38667504 PMCID: PMC11049506 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14080859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are more than 500 million people suffering from diabetes around the world. People aged 65 years or older are the most affected by this disease, and it is estimated that approximately 96% of diabetes cases worldwide are type 2 diabetes. People with diabetes mellitus are at an increased risk of infections such as pneumonia, due to a series of factors that may contribute to immune dysfunction, including hyperglycemia, inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis, impaired cytokine production, phagocytic cell dysfunction, altered T cell-mediated immune responses and the co-existence of chronic comorbidities. Rates of infection, hospitalization and mortality in diabetic patients are reported to be higher than in the general population. Research into the risk of infectious diseases such as pneumonia in these patients is very important because it will help improve their management and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Cilloniz
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Continental University, Huancayo 12001, Peru
| | - Antoni Torres
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Pulmonary Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, C/Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Parveen A, Batool A, Wajid A, Mukhtar M, Khan KU, Zahid A, Jabeen A, Sahibzada KI. Delving the vitamin D receptor variation and expression profiles in the context of type 2 diabetes among families. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:514. [PMID: 38622480 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D is essential for insulin secretion and sensitivity. Consequently, its inadequacy is linked to higher insulin resistance and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). The Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene is one potential candidate for T2D, and multiple polymorphisms in VDR have been examined in various populations, but no conclusive answers have been provided. OBJECTIVES This study was designed to evaluate the susceptibility of VDR gene polymorphism and its expression in diabetic families in Pakistan. METHODOLOGY In this family-based study, twenty diabetic families with a positive family history of T2D and at least three T2D patients were recruited from outpatient clinics and public hospitals. The current study comprised 143 individuals with 55 affected and 88 unaffected individuals. Blood samples of the selected families were collected. DNA was extracted from the collected samples and the PCR-RFLP method was followed to identify the genotyping and RT-qPCR for expression. Phenotypic and genotypic pedigrees of the families were developed by the progeny online tool. The association values of SNPs were determined by TDT and DFAM analysis implemented on Plink software. RESULTS The results explained a significant familial aggregation among phenotypic characters including Age, Gender, BMI (body mass index), age of disease diagnosis, disease duration, and blood pressure in the probands, affected FDRs (First Degree Relatives) and affected SDRs (Second Degree Relatives). A significant association of rs731236 C/T (OR = 1.522), rs2228570 C/T (OR = 1.327) with p < 0.05. Whereas, for rs1544410 G/A (OR = 0.9706) and rs7975232 T/G (OR = 0.7368) no considerable association evidence was seen (p > 0.05) in families. The mRNA expression of VDR increased threefold (p = 0.0204) in patients compared to controls. Variation-based expression analysis exhibited that the rs2228570 genotype influences the expression. CONCLUSION A linkage was found among the FDRs with probands. Variation in the gene VDR at loci rs731236 and rs2228570 was associated with familial T2D. However further research is required to explore more genetic factors that could influence T2D risks in families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asia Parveen
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Andleeb Batool
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Wajid
- Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Mukhtar
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khajid Ullah Khan
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Zahid
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anjum Jabeen
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Iqbal Sahibzada
- Department of Health Professional Technologies, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
- School of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
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Wu K, Shi Q, Cui G, Xu Y, Yu H, Li Q, Dai W, Li X, Tang C. Effects of T2DM on postoperative outcome of patients with colorectal cancer: a study on the relationship between blood glucose control and survival rate. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:1892-1903. [PMID: 38726261 PMCID: PMC11076264 DOI: 10.62347/htrz8589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the impact of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The data of 312 patients with CRC treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University from 2012 to 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into a comorbidity group (n = 62) and a non-comorbidity group (n = 250) according to the presence of T2DM. The baseline data of the two groups were balanced by 1:2 propensity score matching (PSM). Kaplan-Meier analysis and Log-rank test were employed to compare the 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of patients. Cox regression model and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) were utilized to assess the influence of T2DM on 5-year OS of patients. Based on the results of Cox regression, a nomogram model of T2DM on 5-year OS of patients was constructed. A total of 62 patients in the comorbidity group and 124 patients in the non-comorbidity group were matched using PSM. The 5-year OS rate was lower in the comorbidity group than in the non-comorbidity group (82.23% VS 90.32%, P = 0.038). Subgroup analysis showed that the 5-year overall survival rate was higher in the good blood glucose control group than in the poor blood glucose control group (97.14% VS 62.96%, P<0.01). Multivariate Cox regression showed that the 5-year mortality risk in the comorbidity group was 2.641 times higher than that in the non-comorbidity group (P = 0.026). IPTW analysis showed that the 5-year risk of death in the comorbidity group was 2.458 times that of the non-comorbidity group (P = 0.019). The results showed that poor blood glucose control, BMI≥25 kg/m2, low differentiation, III/IV stage, and postoperative infection were independent factors affecting the 5-year overall survival rate of CRC patients (P<0.05). The ROC curve showed that the AUCs of the constructed model in predicting the 5-year OS in the training set and the testing set were 0.784 and 0.776, respectively. T2DM is identified as a risk factor for reduced 5-year survival among CRC patients, necessitating increased attention for this subgroup, particularly those with poor blood glucose control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangzhong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou UniversityHuzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Shi
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou UniversityHuzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ge Cui
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou UniversityHuzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongqiang Xu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou UniversityHuzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongbin Yu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou UniversityHuzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingguo Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
| | - Weixing Dai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinxiang Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
| | - Chengwu Tang
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou UniversityHuzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou UniversityHuzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
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Xu W, Huo J, Hu Q, Xu J, Chen G, Mo J, Zhou T, Jiang J. Association between lactate dehydrogenase to albumin ratio and acute kidney injury in patients with sepsis: a retrospective cohort study. Clin Exp Nephrol 2024:10.1007/s10157-024-02500-y. [PMID: 38584195 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-024-02500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum lactate dehydrogenase to albumin ratio (LAR) is associated with poor outcomes in malignancy and pneumonia. However, there are few studies suggesting that LAR is associated with the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with sepsis, which was investigated in this study. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study based on the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV database. The primary outcome was the occurrence of AKI within 2 days and 7 days. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios to validate the association between LAR and AKI, in-hospital mortality, RRT use, and recovery of renal function, respectively. RESULTS A total of 4010 participants were included in this study. The median age of the participants was 63.5 years and the median LAR was 10.5. After adjusting for confounding variables, patients in the highest LAR quartile had a higher risk of AKI than those in the lowest LAR quartile within 2 days and 7 days, with odds ratios of 1.37 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23-1.52) and 1.95 (95% CI: 1.72-2.22), respectively. The adjusted odds of AKI within 2 and 7 days were 1.16 (95% CI: 1.12-1.20) and 1.29 (95% CI: 1.24-1.35) for each 1 unit increase in LAR(log2), respectively. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that elevated LAR was associated with poor prognosis in patients with sepsis. The risk of AKI and in-hospital mortality increased, the need for RRT increased, and the chance of recovery of renal function decreased with the increase of LAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigan Xu
- Department of Emergency, First People's Hospital of Foshan, No.18 Lingnan Avenue North, Chancheng District, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Jianyang Huo
- Department of Emergency, First People's Hospital of Foshan, No.18 Lingnan Avenue North, Chancheng District, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiaohua Hu
- Department of Emergency, First People's Hospital of Foshan, No.18 Lingnan Avenue North, Chancheng District, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jingtao Xu
- Department of Emergency, First People's Hospital of Foshan, No.18 Lingnan Avenue North, Chancheng District, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guojun Chen
- Department of Emergency, First People's Hospital of Foshan, No.18 Lingnan Avenue North, Chancheng District, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jierong Mo
- Department of Emergency, First People's Hospital of Foshan, No.18 Lingnan Avenue North, Chancheng District, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tianen Zhou
- Department of Emergency, First People's Hospital of Foshan, No.18 Lingnan Avenue North, Chancheng District, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
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Chou LN, Raji MA, Yu X, Kuo YF. Trends in Diabetes Medication Taking and Incidence of Depression in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Study from 2010 to 2018. Int J Behav Med 2024; 31:192-201. [PMID: 36952218 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-023-10172-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the trends in diabetes medication taking and its association with the incidence of depression in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHOD A retrospective cohort of Medicare enrollees with regular care in 2010 was defined from 100% Texas Medicare claims. The impact of medication taking on incident depression was evaluated from 2010 to 2018. Cox proportional hazards regressions were used to estimate the association between medication taking and depression. RESULTS A total of 72,461 patients with T2D and with regular care were analyzed. Among 60,216 treated patients, the regular medication taking rate slightly increased from 60.8 to 63.2% during the study period. Patients with regular medication taking at baseline had a 9% lower risk of developing depression (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.89-0.94), and the magnitude of the association increased after adjustment of the model for time-varied medication taking (HR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.79-0.85). The presence of nephropathy had the greatest mediating effect (23.2%) on the association of medication taking and depression. CONCLUSION We demonstrated a steady but modest increase in regular diabetes medication taking over a 9-year period and a significant relationship between medication taking and incident depression in patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Na Chou
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, 77555-1148, USA.
| | - Mukaila A Raji
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, 77555-1148, USA
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Sealy Center On Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoying Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Yong-Fang Kuo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX, 77555-1148, USA
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Sealy Center On Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Caballero-Sánchez N, Alonso-Alonso S, Nagy L. Regenerative inflammation: When immune cells help to re-build tissues. FEBS J 2024; 291:1597-1614. [PMID: 36440547 PMCID: PMC10225019 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is an essential immune response critical for responding to infection, injury and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Upon injury, regenerative inflammation promotes tissue repair by a timed and coordinated infiltration of diverse cell types and the secretion of growth factors, cytokines and lipids mediators. Remarkably, throughout evolution as well as mammalian development, this type of physiological inflammation is highly associated with immunosuppression. For instance, regenerative inflammation is the consequence of an in situ macrophage polarization resulting in a transition from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory/pro-regenerative response. Immune cells are the first responders upon injury, infiltrating the damaged tissue and initiating a pro-inflammatory response depleting cell debris and necrotic cells. After phagocytosis, macrophages undergo multiple coordinated metabolic and transcriptional changes allowing the transition and dictating the initiation of the regenerative phase. Differences between a highly efficient, complete ad integrum tissue repair, such as, acute skeletal muscle injury, and insufficient regenerative inflammation, as the one developing in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), highlight the importance of a coordinated response orchestrated by immune cells. During regenerative inflammation, these cells interact with others and alter the niche, affecting the character of inflammation itself and, therefore, the progression of tissue repair. Comparing acute muscle injury and chronic inflammation in DMD, we review how the same cells and molecules in different numbers, concentration and timing contribute to very different outcomes. Thus, it is important to understand and identify the distinct functions and secreted molecules of macrophages, and potentially other immune cells, during tissue repair, and the contributors to the macrophage switch leveraging this knowledge in treating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Caballero-Sánchez
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nuclear Receptor Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sergio Alonso-Alonso
- Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laszlo Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nuclear Receptor Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary
- Departments Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St Petersburg, Florida, USA
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Laganà A, Visalli G, Di Pietro A, Facciolà A. Vaccinomics and adversomics: key elements for a personalized vaccinology. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2024; 13:105-120. [PMID: 38752004 PMCID: PMC11091437 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2024.13.2.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are one of the most important and effective tools in the prevention of infectious diseases and research about all the aspects of vaccinology are essential to increase the number of available vaccines more and more safe and effective. Despite the unquestionable value of vaccinations, vaccine hesitancy has spread worldwide compromising the success of vaccinations. Currently, the main purpose of vaccination campaigns is the immunization of whole populations with the same vaccine formulations and schedules for all individuals. A personalized vaccinology approach could improve modern vaccinology counteracting vaccine hesitancy and giving great benefits for human health. This ambitious purpose would be possible by facing and deepening the areas of vaccinomics and adversomics, two innovative areas of study investigating the role of a series of variables able to influence the immune response to vaccinations and the development of serious side effects, respectively. We reviewed the recent scientific knowledge about these innovative sciences focusing on genetic and non-genetic basis involved in the individual response to vaccines in terms of both immune response and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Laganà
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Istituto Clinico Polispecialistico C.O.T., Cure Ortopediche Traumatologiche S.P.A., Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Visalli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Di Pietro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessio Facciolà
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Dhahi TS, Dafhalla AKY, Saad SA, Zayan DMI, Ahmed AET, Elobaid ME, Adam T, Gopinath SCB. The importance, benefits, and future of nanobiosensors for infectious diseases. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024; 71:429-445. [PMID: 38238920 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Infectious diseases, caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi, are crucial for efficient disease management, reducing morbidity and mortality rates and controlling disease spread. Traditional laboratory-based diagnostic methods face challenges such as high costs, time consumption, and a lack of trained personnel in resource-poor settings. Diagnostic biosensors have gained momentum as a potential solution, offering advantages such as low cost, high sensitivity, ease of use, and portability. Nanobiosensors are a promising tool for detecting and diagnosing infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease, human immunodeficiency virus, and hepatitis. These sensors use nanostructured carbon nanotubes, graphene, and nanoparticles to detect specific biomarkers or pathogens. They operate through mechanisms like the lateral flow test platform, where a sample containing the biomarker or pathogen is applied to a test strip. If present, the sample binds to specific recognition probes on the strip, indicating a positive result. This binding event is visualized through a colored line. This review discusses the importance, benefits, and potential of nanobiosensors in detecting infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Th S Dhahi
- Electronics Technical Department, Southern Technical University, Basra, Iraq
| | - Alaa Kamal Yousif Dafhalla
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Science and engineering, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sawsan Ali Saad
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer Science and engineering, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Mohamed Elshaikh Elobaid
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Tijjani Adam
- Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
- Micro System Technology, Centre of Excellence (CoE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Advanced Communication Engineering, Centre of Excellence (ACE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Subash C B Gopinath
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
- Micro System Technology, Centre of Excellence (CoE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
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Camelo ALM, Zamora Obando HR, Rocha I, Dias AC, Mesquita ADS, Simionato AVC. COVID-19 and Comorbidities: What Has Been Unveiled by Metabolomics? Metabolites 2024; 14:195. [PMID: 38668323 PMCID: PMC11051775 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about diverse impacts on the global population. Individuals with comorbidities were more susceptible to the severe symptoms caused by the virus. Within the crisis scenario, metabolomics represents a potential area of science capable of providing relevant information for understanding the metabolic pathways associated with the intricate interaction between the viral disease and previous comorbidities. This work aims to provide a comprehensive description of the scientific production pertaining to metabolomics within the specific context of COVID-19 and comorbidities, while highlighting promising areas for exploration by those interested in the subject. In this review, we highlighted the studies of metabolomics that indicated a variety of metabolites associated with comorbidities and COVID-19. Furthermore, we observed that the understanding of the metabolic processes involved between comorbidities and COVID-19 is limited due to the urgent need to report disease outcomes in individuals with comorbidities. The overlap of two or more comorbidities associated with the severity of COVID-19 hinders the comprehension of the significance of each condition. Most identified studies are observational, with a restricted number of patients, due to challenges in sample collection amidst the emergent situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luiz Melo Camelo
- Laboratory of Analysis of Biomolecules Tiselius, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.L.M.C.); (H.R.Z.O.); (I.R.); (A.C.D.); (A.d.S.M.)
| | - Hans Rolando Zamora Obando
- Laboratory of Analysis of Biomolecules Tiselius, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.L.M.C.); (H.R.Z.O.); (I.R.); (A.C.D.); (A.d.S.M.)
| | - Isabela Rocha
- Laboratory of Analysis of Biomolecules Tiselius, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.L.M.C.); (H.R.Z.O.); (I.R.); (A.C.D.); (A.d.S.M.)
| | - Aline Cristina Dias
- Laboratory of Analysis of Biomolecules Tiselius, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.L.M.C.); (H.R.Z.O.); (I.R.); (A.C.D.); (A.d.S.M.)
| | - Alessandra de Sousa Mesquita
- Laboratory of Analysis of Biomolecules Tiselius, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.L.M.C.); (H.R.Z.O.); (I.R.); (A.C.D.); (A.d.S.M.)
| | - Ana Valéria Colnaghi Simionato
- Laboratory of Analysis of Biomolecules Tiselius, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (A.L.M.C.); (H.R.Z.O.); (I.R.); (A.C.D.); (A.d.S.M.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics—INCTBio, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil
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Duus S, Jespersen S, Wejse C. Infectious purpura fulminans associated with pneumococcal septicaemia in a patient with unacknowledged functional asplenia. BMJ Case Rep 2024; 17:e251397. [PMID: 38531552 PMCID: PMC10966724 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-251397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpura fulminans (PF) is a life-threatening complication of septic shock that can occur due to disseminated infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae The spleen is an important organ in the immunisation process against encapsulated bacteria. Patients with asplenia, either functional or anatomical, are therefore at increased risk of developing serious infections and complications, such as PF, if infected with such bacteria.This case report presents a woman in her late 40s with unacknowledged functional asplenia who was admitted to the hospital with signs of an acute disseminated infection causing septic shock, signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation and infectious PF. A few days after admission, the blood cultures showed growth of S. pneumoniae With early sepsis treatment, the patient survived although with some complications. Clinical presentation, investigations, differential diagnosis, treatment and outcome are presented. Treatment and early recognition of PF are presented and discussed. Relevant recognition and preventative treatment strategies for patients with asplenia are also reviewed and discussed.This case demonstrates the importance of early recognition and treatment of PF in septic patients and the importance of preventive treatment strategies for patients with asplenia to avoid serious infections and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanne Jespersen
- Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christian Wejse
- Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Global Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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46
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Darwitz BP, Genito CJ, Thurlow LR. Triple threat: how diabetes results in worsened bacterial infections. Infect Immun 2024:e0050923. [PMID: 38526063 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00509-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, characterized by impaired insulin signaling, is associated with increased incidence and severity of infections. Various diabetes-related complications contribute to exacerbated bacterial infections, including hyperglycemia, innate immune cell dysfunction, and infection with antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. One defining symptom of diabetes is hyperglycemia, resulting in elevated blood and tissue glucose concentrations. Glucose is the preferred carbon source of several bacterial pathogens, and hyperglycemia escalates bacterial growth and virulence. Hyperglycemia promotes specific mechanisms of bacterial virulence known to contribute to infection chronicity, including tissue adherence and biofilm formation. Foot infections are a significant source of morbidity in individuals with diabetes and consist of biofilm-associated polymicrobial communities. Bacteria perform complex interspecies behaviors conducive to their growth and virulence within biofilms, including metabolic cross-feeding and altered phenotypes more tolerant to antibiotic therapeutics. Moreover, the metabolic dysfunction caused by diabetes compromises immune cell function, resulting in immune suppression. Impaired insulin signaling induces aberrations in phagocytic cells, which are crucial mediators for controlling and resolving bacterial infections. These aberrancies encompass altered cytokine profiles, the migratory and chemotactic mechanisms of neutrophils, and the metabolic reprogramming required for the oxidative burst and subsequent generation of bactericidal free radicals. Furthermore, the immune suppression caused by diabetes and the polymicrobial nature of the diabetic infection microenvironment may promote the emergence of novel strains of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens. This review focuses on the "triple threat" linked to worsened bacterial infections in individuals with diabetes: (i) altered nutritional availability in diabetic tissues, (ii) diabetes-associated immune suppression, and (iii) antibiotic treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Darwitz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher J Genito
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lance R Thurlow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Yeyeodu S, Hanafi D, Webb K, Laurie NA, Kimbro KS. Population-enriched innate immune variants may identify candidate gene targets at the intersection of cancer and cardio-metabolic disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1286979. [PMID: 38577257 PMCID: PMC10991756 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1286979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Both cancer and cardio-metabolic disease disparities exist among specific populations in the US. For example, African Americans experience the highest rates of breast and prostate cancer mortality and the highest incidence of obesity. Native and Hispanic Americans experience the highest rates of liver cancer mortality. At the same time, Pacific Islanders have the highest death rate attributed to type 2 diabetes (T2D), and Asian Americans experience the highest incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cancers induced by infectious agents. Notably, the pathologic progression of both cancer and cardio-metabolic diseases involves innate immunity and mechanisms of inflammation. Innate immunity in individuals is established through genetic inheritance and external stimuli to respond to environmental threats and stresses such as pathogen exposure. Further, individual genomes contain characteristic genetic markers associated with one or more geographic ancestries (ethnic groups), including protective innate immune genetic programming optimized for survival in their corresponding ancestral environment(s). This perspective explores evidence related to our working hypothesis that genetic variations in innate immune genes, particularly those that are commonly found but unevenly distributed between populations, are associated with disparities between populations in both cancer and cardio-metabolic diseases. Identifying conventional and unconventional innate immune genes that fit this profile may provide critical insights into the underlying mechanisms that connect these two families of complex diseases and offer novel targets for precision-based treatment of cancer and/or cardio-metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Yeyeodu
- Julius L Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Institute (JLC-BBRI), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States
- Charles River Discovery Services, Morrisville, NC, United States
| | - Donia Hanafi
- Julius L Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Institute (JLC-BBRI), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kenisha Webb
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Nikia A. Laurie
- Julius L Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Institute (JLC-BBRI), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - K. Sean Kimbro
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Mallidi K, Gundla R, Makam P, Katari NK, Jonnalagadda SB. Dual active pyrimidine-based carbocyclic nucleoside derivatives: synthesis, and in silico and in vitro anti-diabetic and anti-microbial studies. RSC Adv 2024; 14:9559-9569. [PMID: 38516166 PMCID: PMC10955399 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00304g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder marked by high blood glucose levels, impairing glucose production in the body. Its prevalence has steadily risen over the past decades, leading to compromised immunity and heightened susceptibility to microbial infections. Immune dysfunction associated with diabetes raises vulnerability, while neuropathy dulls sensation in the extremities, reducing injury awareness. Hence, the development of novel chemical compounds for anti-diabetic and anti-infective treatments is imperative to mitigate adverse effects. In this study, we designed and synthesized pyrimidine-based carbocyclic nucleoside derivatives with C-4 substitution to assess their potential in inhibiting α-glucosidase for managing diabetes mellitus (DM) and microbial infections. Compounds 8b and 10a displayed promising IC50 values against α-glucosidase (43.292 nmol and 48.638 nmol, respectively) and noteworthy docking energies (-9.4 kcal mol-1 and -10.3 kcal mol-1, respectively). Additionally, compounds 10a and 10b exhibited better antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, with the zone of inhibition values of 2.2 ± 0.25 mm and 1.4 ± 0.1 mm at a 100 μl concentration, respectively. Compound 10a also exhibited a modest zone of inhibition of 1.2 ± 0.15 mm against Escherichia coli at 100 μl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Mallidi
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University Hyderabad Telangana 502329 India
| | - Rambabu Gundla
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University Hyderabad Telangana 502329 India
| | - Parameshwar Makam
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University Arcadia Grant, P.O. Chandanwari, Premnagar Dehradun Uttarakhand 248007 India
| | - Naresh Kumar Katari
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University Hyderabad Telangana 502329 India
- School of Chemistry & Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering & Science, WestvilleCampus, University of KwaZulu-Natal P Bag X 54001 Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Sreekantha Babu Jonnalagadda
- School of Chemistry & Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering & Science, WestvilleCampus, University of KwaZulu-Natal P Bag X 54001 Durban 4000 South Africa
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Luo J, Liang C, Chen K, Zeng K, Bai R, Tang C, Li J, Nong X. Artesunate-loaded thermosensitive chitosan hydrogel promotes osteogenesis of maxillary tooth extraction through regulating T lymphocytes in type 2 diabetic rats. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:356. [PMID: 38509482 PMCID: PMC10953264 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04127-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) causes severe bone loss after tooth extraction as a hyperglycemic environment causes aberrant bone homeostasis. Artesunate (ART) is known to possess anti-inflammation and osteogenic properties. However, its osteogenesis property in alveolar bone remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the osteogenic and immunoregulatory effects of artesunate-loaded thermosensitive chitosan hydrogel (ART-loaded TCH) on maxilla tooth extraction in T2DM rats. METHODS T2DM rats were induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin. Different concentrations of ART-loaded TCH were applied in tooth extraction sockets. Bone loss and the expression of osteogenic regulatory factors (OPG, ALP, RANK) were evaluated. The immunoregulatory effects of ART-loaded TCH were observed through detecting the infiltration of T lymphocytes and their cytokines. The underlying mechanisms were explored. RESULTS Results showed that the 150 mg/ml ART-loaded TCH group significantly ameliorated maxilla bone height and bone mineral density when compared with the T2DM group (p < 0.05). It also improved the expression of OPG, ALP, and RANK. Although the alteration of CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and CD4+:CD8+ T ratio has no significant difference among groups, the release of Th1 and Th2 in the 150 mg/ml ART-loaded TCH group has been significantly regulated than in the T2DM group (p < 0.05). Besides, ART-loaded TCH treatment inhibited the expression of p38 MAPK and ERK1 in T2DM maxilla. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, the results indicated that 150 mg/ml ART-loaded TCH could be an effective method to prevent bone loss in T2DM tooth extraction rats by modulating the immunoregulation of Th1 and Th2 and the MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghong Luo
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, No.10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Chen Liang
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, No.10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Kun Chen
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, No.10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Kai Zeng
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, No.10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Rui Bai
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, No.10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Chan Tang
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, No.10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Jiaquan Li
- Medical Science Research Center, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
- Life Science Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Xiaolin Nong
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, No.10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
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Zhang Y, Ren E, Zhang C, Wang Y, Chen X, Li L. The protective role of oily fish intake against type 2 diabetes: insights from a genetic correlation and Mendelian randomization study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1288886. [PMID: 38567249 PMCID: PMC10986736 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1288886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Previous research has underscored the association between oily fish intake and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), yet the causality remains elusive. Methods A bidirectional univariable Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis was employed to evaluate the causal effects of oily fish and non-oily fish intake on T2DM. Replication analysis and meta-analysis were conducted to ensure robust results. Multivariable MR analysis was utilized to assess confounders, and further mediation MR analysis discerned mediating effects. Linkage Disequilibrium Score (LDSC) analysis was undertaken to compute genetic correlations. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was the primary method, complemented by a series of sensitivity analyses. Results The LDSC analysis unveiled a significant genetic correlation between oily fish intake and T2DM (Genetic correlation: -0.102, p = 4.43 × 10-4). For each standard deviation (SD) increase in genetically predicted oily fish intake, the risk of T2DM was reduced by 38.6% (OR = 0.614, 95% CI 0.504 ~ 0.748, p = 1.24 × 10-6, False Discovery Rate (FDR) = 3.72 × 10-6). The meta-analysis across three data sources highlighted a persistent causal association (OR = 0.728, 95% CI 0.593 ~ 0.895, p = 0.003). No other causal effects were identified (all p > 0.5, FDR > 0.5). The main outcomes remained consistent in most sensitivity analyses. Both MVMR and mediation MR analyses emphasized the mediating roles of triglycerides (TG), body mass index (BMI), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels. Conclusion To encapsulate, there's an inverse association between oily fish intake and T2DM risk, suggesting potential benefits of oily fish intake in T2DM prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youqian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Entong Ren
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Southern Theater General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunlong Zhang
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
- Department of Nursing, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaohe Chen
- Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
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