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de Lima AP, Nunes APDOB, Nicoletti CF, Benatti FB. Trend in the Prevalence of Overweight and Obese Adults in São Paulo, Brazil: Analysis between the Years 2006 and 2019. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:502. [PMID: 38673413 PMCID: PMC11049843 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the trend in the prevalence of overweight and obese adults in São Paulo, Brazil, between 2006 and 2019 across chronic diseases and the domains of physical activity. A descriptive retrospective study was carried out on the trend in the prevalence of 26.612 overweight and obese adults (10.150 men and 16.462 women). All data analyzed were based on information from the national system for monitoring risk factors called Protective and Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey-VIGITEL. The variables obese and overweight were analyzed in general and stratified by sex, age group, education level, each type of physical activity domain (yes or no), presence of hypertension and diabetes (yes or no), and smoking (yes or no). The prevalence of obesity significantly increased from 11.1% in 2006 to 19.8% in 2019, regardless of age, sex, physical activity practice, and presence of diabetes or hypertension, except for people aged 55-64 y, working people, and smokers. The total prevalence of overweight adults significantly increased overall (from 30.5% in 2006 to 33.4% in 2019) but it significantly increased only in females, in people aged 18-24 y, those who are non-white, those with an education level of 9-11 y, those who are not working, those who are non-smokers, those who did not have diabetes or hypertension, and those who were not physically active during leisure time but physically active at work and at home. There was a significant increase in the prevalence of overweight adults and especially of obese adults living in the city of São Paulo (Brazil) between 2006 and 2019, the latter being observed in nearly every analyzed sub-category, regardless of age, sex, physical activity practice, and presence of diabetes or hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisson Padilha de Lima
- School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo-FMUSP, Sao Paulo 05508-220, SP, Brazil; (A.P.d.O.B.N.); (C.F.N.); (F.B.B.)
- School of Physical Education, Faculty IELUSC, Joinville 89201-270, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Ferreira Nicoletti
- School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo-FMUSP, Sao Paulo 05508-220, SP, Brazil; (A.P.d.O.B.N.); (C.F.N.); (F.B.B.)
| | - Fabiana Braga Benatti
- School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo-FMUSP, Sao Paulo 05508-220, SP, Brazil; (A.P.d.O.B.N.); (C.F.N.); (F.B.B.)
- Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Limeira 13484-350, SP, Brazil
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Fan M, Liu W, Zhao L, Nie L, Wang Y. Engineering nanosystems for transdermal delivery of antihypertensive drugs. Pharm Dev Technol 2024; 29:265-279. [PMID: 38416123 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2024.2324981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
To control hypertension, long-term continuous antihypertensive therapeutics are required and five classes of antihypertensive drugs are frequently involved, including diuretics, β-blockers, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Although with demonstrated clinical utility, there is still room for the improvement of many antihypertensive drugs in oral tablet or capsule dosage form, in terms of reducing systemic side effects and first-pass hepatic drug uptake. Meanwhile, nanocarrier-mediated transdermal drug delivery systems have emerged as a powerful tool for various disease treatments. With benefits such as promoting patient compliance for long-time administration, enhancing skin permeability, and reducing systemic side effects, these systems are reasonably investigated and developed for the transdermal delivery of multiple antihypertensive drugs. This review aims to summarize the literature relating to nanosystem-based transdermal antihypertensive drug delivery and update recent advances in this field, as well as briefly discuss the challenges and prospects of engineering transdermal delivery nanosystems for hypertension treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Fan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wengang Liu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangfeng Zhao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lirong Nie
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shidong Hospital, Yangpu District, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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3
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Hu Y, Hu A, Song S. Photoplethysmography for Assessing Microcirculation in Hypertensive Patients After Taking Antihypertensive Drugs: A Review. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:263-274. [PMID: 38250310 PMCID: PMC10799628 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s441440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
High blood pressure (BP) is a common disease and is associated with many chronic diseases. Measuring BP is essential for the treatment and management of many diseases, and therefore there is a growing need for a non-invasive, sleeveless and continuous BP monitoring device. With the development of technology, pulse waveform analysis using photoplethysmography (PPG) has become more feasible for evaluating BP. This study aimed to evaluate the changes of vascular elasticity and blood volume over time by using the characteristic parameters extracted by PPG. We reviewed the latest progress and literature on the observation of capillary network characteristics in hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients by PPG, the influence of different drugs on microcirculation characteristics in hypertensive patients with PPG, and further explored the key relationship between microcirculation and hypertension. We found that the PPG waveform produced by the fingertips of hypertensive patients is very different from that of healthy people, and the PPG waveform changes significantly during diastolic period after antihypertensive treatment. With the rapid development of medical technology, people can get more intuitive microcirculation image data, which provides beneficial help for the comprehensive understanding of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Fifth People’s Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anming Hu
- Taishan College, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenju Song
- Department of Nursing, the Fifth People’s Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
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Wang L, Ren L, Wang Y, Ji Z, Zhu R, Sun Y, Li J, Zhang L. Effect of body mass index trajectory on hypertension among children and adolescents aged 5-18 years: a retrospective cohort study. Ann Med 2023; 55:2267572. [PMID: 37844207 PMCID: PMC10580793 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2267572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension has become increasingly prevalent in Chinese children and adolescents in recent decades, which affects growth and development of children, leads to cognitive decline and multiple target organ damage. Here, we assessed the impact of different body mass index (BMI) trajectories on the occurrence of hypertension in children and adolescents using a cohort study in Northeast China. MATERIALS AND METHODS Children and adolescents aged 5-18 years was extracted for physical examination in Fuxin City, Liaoning Province, China during the 2009-2015 period. A latent category growth mixed model (LCGMM) was used to classify BMI changes and analyze the effect of different BMI trajectories on the risk of occurrence of hypertension in these participants within 5 years. RESULTS All participates were divided into five BMI trajectories by LCGMM method: slow increasing group (n = 2616, 30.8%), overweight and obesity (OW/OB) group (n = 1141, 13.4%), normal decreasing group (n = 232, 2.7%), stable normal group (n = 4383, 51.6%), and fast-increasing group (n = 120, 1.4%). Compared with the stable normal group, the slow increasing group [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.610, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.304-1.989], the OW/OB group (AOR: 3.172, 95% CI: 2.500-4.023) and the fast-increasing group (AOR: 2.708, 95% CI: 1.445-5.074) all increased the risk of developing hypertension in children and adolescents. CONCLUSION The potential of developing hypertension varies among groups of children aged 5-18 with different BMI trajectories. Children and adolescents in the normal BMI range (the slow growth group) still need to be aware of the change in BMI trajectory to stop or slow down the progression of BP abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Clinical Center for Intelligent Rehabilitation Research, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Longbing Ren
- Clinical Center for Intelligent Rehabilitation Research, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhu Wang
- Clinical Center for Intelligent Rehabilitation Research, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixiang Ji
- Clinical Center for Intelligent Rehabilitation Research, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongyu Zhu
- Clinical Center for Intelligent Rehabilitation Research, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jue Li
- Clinical Center for Intelligent Rehabilitation Research, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Clinical Center for Intelligent Rehabilitation Research, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Xiong S, Yu S, Wang K, Xiong X, Xia M, Zeng G, Huang Q. Dietary Apigenin Relieves Body Weight and Glycolipid Metabolic Disturbance via Pro-Browning of White Adipose Mediated by Autophagy Inhibition. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200763. [PMID: 37436078 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Apigenin (AP) has many pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammation, hyperlipidemia-lowering, and so on. Previous studies show that AP can reduce lipid accumulation in adipocytes in vitro. However, it remains unclear whether and how AP can promote fat-browning. Therefore, mouse obesity model and preadipocyte induction model in vitro are used to investigate the effects of AP on glycolipid metabolism, browning and autophagy as well as the possible mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS The obese mice are intragastrically administrated with AP (0.1 mg g-1 d-1 ) for 4 weeks; meanwhile, the differentiating preadipocytes are respectively treated with the indicated concentrations of AP for 48 h. Metabolic phenotype, lipid accumulation, and fat-browning are respectively evaluated by morphological, functional, and specific markers analysis. The results show that AP treatment alleviates the body weight, glycolipid metabolic disorder, and insulin resistance in the obese mice , which is contributed to the pro-browning effects of AP in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the study finds that the pro-browning effect of AP is accomplished through autophagy inhibition mediated by the activation of PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight that autophagy inhibition promotes the browning of white adipocytes and suggest that AP would prevent and treat obesity and the associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng Xiong
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Shumin Yu
- Nanchang Joint Programme, Queen Mary University of London, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
- 302 Clinical Medical School, Peking University, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Kun Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Xiong
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Min Xia
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Qiren Huang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
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Shrivastava S, Kumar R, Shandil N, Saha KB, Das A. Letter: A Pilot Health and Nutritional Assessment of Tribes Living in a High Altitude District of Himachal Pradesh, India. High Alt Med Biol 2023; 24:79-80. [PMID: 36516111 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2022.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravindra Kumar
- ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, India
| | - Nupur Shandil
- ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, India
| | - Kalyan B Saha
- ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, India
| | - Aparup Das
- ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tribal Health, Jabalpur, India
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Aoe S, Kawano T, Naito J, Nishida N, Takahashi M. Effects of paramylon-rich Euglena gracilisEOD-1 powder on visceral fat obesity in moderately obese Japanese adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:953-962. [PMID: 36789056 PMCID: PMC9922139 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate whether supplementation of paramylon (PM)-rich Euglena gracilis EOD-1 powder (EOD-1) reduces visceral fat obesity in moderately obese Japanese subjects. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention study was conducted involving 36 Japanese adults with a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 and <30 kg/m2. Subjects were randomly assigned into two groups to consume EOD-1 capsules (EOD-1 group, 2.6 g PM/day) or cellulose capsules (placebo group) for a 12-week period. Anthropometric measurements including visceral fat area (VFA) and blood samples were measured at baseline and throughout the trial. There was no significant difference in VFA between the two groups, although subgroup analysis by gender showed a significant decrease in VFA in the male EOD-1 group compared with the placebo group. Serum adiponectin levels in all subjects from the EOD-1 group were significantly higher than in the placebo group. By comparison with the placebo group, the subjects in the EOD-1 group showed a significant reduction in serum HbA1c levels. EOD-1 intake led to a significant reduction in VFA in male subjects with moderate obesity (BMI 25-30 kg/m2). PM in EOD-1 may contribute to preventing visceral fat obesity in male Japanese subjects. Moreover, PM may also contribute to improving glucose homeostasis in moderately obese Japanese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichiro Aoe
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Home EconomicsOtsuma Women's UniversityTokyoJapan
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8
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Poniedziałek-Czajkowska E, Mierzyński R, Leszczyńska-Gorzelak B. Preeclampsia and Obesity-The Preventive Role of Exercise. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1267. [PMID: 36674022 PMCID: PMC9859423 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is now recognized as a worldwide epidemic. An inadequate diet and reduced physical activity are acknowledged as the leading causes of excess body weight. Despite growing evidence that obesity is a risk factor for unsuccessful pregnancies, almost half of all women who become pregnant today are overweight or obese. Common complications of pregnancy in this group of women are preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. These conditions are also observed more frequently in women with excessive weight gain during pregnancy. Preeclampsia is one of the most serious pregnancy complications with an unpredictable course, which in its most severe forms, threatens the life and health of the mother and her baby. The early identification of the risk factors for preeclampsia development, including obesity, allows for the implementation of prophylaxis and a reduction in maternal and fetal complications risk. Additionally, preeclampsia and obesity are the recognized risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease in later life, so prophylaxis and treating obesity are paramount for their prevention. Thus, a proper diet and physical activity might play an essential role in the prophylaxis of preeclampsia in this group of women. Limiting weight gain during pregnancy and modifying the metabolic risk factors with regular physical exercise creates favorable metabolic conditions for pregnancy development and benefits the elements of the pathogenetic sequence for preeclampsia development. In addition, it is inexpensive, readily available and, in the absence of contraindications to its performance, safe for the mother and fetus. However, for this form of prevention to be effective, it should be applied early in pregnancy and, for overweight and obese women, proposed as an essential part of planning pregnancy. This paper aims to present the mechanisms of the development of hypertension in pregnancy in obese women and the importance of exercise in its prevention.
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Martinez-Martin FJ, Kuzior A, Hernandez-Lazaro A, de Leon-Durango RJ, Rios-Gomez C, Santana-Ojeda B, Perez-Rivero JM, Fernandez-Trujillo-Comenge PM, Gonzalez-Diaz P, Arnas-Leon C, Acosta-Calero C, Perdomo-Herrera E, Tocino-Hernandez AL, Del Sol Sanchez-Bacaicoa M, Del Pino Perez-Garcia M. Incidence of hypertension in young transgender people after a 5-year follow-up: association with gender-affirming hormonal therapy. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:219-225. [PMID: 36229533 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-01067-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to assess the risk of hypertension development, we performed a retrospective analysis of the clinical records of consecutive transgender patients who began gender-affirming hormonal therapy in our Outpatient Gender Identity Clinic with <30 years of age and had a follow-up >5 years. 149 transgender women treated with estradiol and 153 transgender men treated with testosterone were included; 129 of the transgender women received also androgen blockers (54 spironolactone, 49 cyproterone acetate and 26 LHRH agonists). The annual incidence of hypertension in young transgender men (1.18%) seemed comparable to that of the general population. In young transgender women, it seemed higher (2.14%); we found that the choice of androgen blocker had a remarkable effect, with a highly significant increase in patients treated with cyproterone acetate (4.90%) vs. the rest (0.80%); the adjusted hazard-ratio was 0.227 (p = 0.001). Correlation, logistic regression and mediation analyses were performed for the associations of the available clinical variables with the increase in systolic blood pressure and the onset of hypertension, but besides the use of cyproterone acetate, only the ponderal gain was found significant (Spearman's r: 0.361, p < 0.001); with a 36.7% mediation effect (31.2-42.3%). Cyproterone acetate has additional known risks, such as meningioma; although we cannot conclusively prove that it has a role in the development of hypertension, we conclude that the use of cyproterone acetate for this indication should be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Martinez-Martin
- Outpatient Gender Identity Clinic, Endocrinology & Nutrition Dpt., Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain. .,Endocrinology & Nutrition Dpt., Hospitales Universitarios San Roque, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Agnieszka Kuzior
- Endocrinology & Nutrition Dpt., Hospitales Universitarios San Roque, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Alba Hernandez-Lazaro
- Outpatient Gender Identity Clinic, Endocrinology & Nutrition Dpt., Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Ricardo Jose de Leon-Durango
- Outpatient Gender Identity Clinic, Endocrinology & Nutrition Dpt., Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Carlos Rios-Gomez
- Outpatient Gender Identity Clinic, Endocrinology & Nutrition Dpt., Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Borja Santana-Ojeda
- Outpatient Gender Identity Clinic, Endocrinology & Nutrition Dpt., Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | | | - Paula Maria Fernandez-Trujillo-Comenge
- Outpatient Gender Identity Clinic, Endocrinology & Nutrition Dpt., Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Paula Gonzalez-Diaz
- Emergency Medicine Dpt., Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Claudia Arnas-Leon
- Outpatient Gender Identity Clinic, Endocrinology & Nutrition Dpt., Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.,Endocrinology & Nutrition Dpt., Hospitales Universitarios San Roque, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Carmen Acosta-Calero
- Cardiology Dpt., Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
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Liao L, Zhang L, Chen H, Teng D, Xu B, Gong L, Zhong L, Wang C, Dong H, Jia W, Yang J, Shi Z. Identification of Key Genes from the Visceral Adipose Tissues of Overweight/Obese Adults with Hypertension through Transcriptome Sequencing. Cytogenet Genome Res 2022; 162:541-559. [PMID: 36521430 PMCID: PMC10534961 DOI: 10.1159/000528702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obese (OW/OB) adults are at increased risk of hypertension due to visceral adipose tissue (VAT) inflammation. In this study, we explored gene level differences in the VAT of hypertensive and normotensive OW/OB patients. VAT samples obtained from six OW/OB adults (three hypertensive, three normotensive) were subjected to transcriptome sequencing analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis was conducted for all gene expression data to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with |log2 (fold change)| ≥ 1 and q < 0.05. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functional enrichment analyses were performed on the DEGs, and hub genes were identified by constructing a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The proposed hub genes were validated using quantitative real-time PCR in ten other samples from five hypertensive and five normotensive patients. In addition, we performed ROC analysis and Spearman correlation analysis. A total of 84 DEGs were identified between VAT samples from OW/OB patients with and without hypertension, among which 21 were significantly upregulated and 63 were significantly downregulated. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that spleen function was related to hypertension in OW/OB adults. Meanwhile, PPI network analysis identified the following top 10 hub genes: CD79A, CR2, SELL, CD22, IL7R, CCR7, TNFRSF13C, CXCR4, POU2AF1, and JAK3. Through qPCR verification, we found that CXCR4, CD22, and IL7R were statistically significant. qPCR verification suggested that RELA was statistically significant. However, qPCR verification indicated that NFKB1 and KLF2 were not statistically significant. These hub genes were mainly regulated by the transcription factor RELA. The AUC of ROC analysis for CXCR4, IL7R, and CD22 was 0.92. What is more, VAT CXCR4 and CD22 were positively related to RELA relative expression levels. Taken together, our research demonstrates that CXCR4, IL7R, and CD22 related to VAT in hypertensive OW/OB adults could serve as future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Liao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Lihui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongping Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Da Teng
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bowen Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Lin Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Haibin Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Wenjuan Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Zhen Shi
- Basic Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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11
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Samson R, Ennezat PV, Le Jemtel TH, Oparil S. Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction and Body Mass Index. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022; 24:535-546. [PMID: 35788967 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-022-01213-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Anti-hypertensive and lipid lowering therapy addresses only half of the cardiovascular disease risk in patients with body mass index > 30 kg/m2, i.e., obesity. We examine newer aspects of obesity pathobiology that underlie the partial effectiveness of anti-hypertensive lipid lowering therapy for the reduction of cardiovascular disease risk in obesity. RECENT FINDINGS Obesity-related insulin resistance, vascular endothelium dysfunction, increased sympathetic nervous system/renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity, and glomerulopathy lead to type 2 diabetes, coronary atherosclerosis, and chronic disease kidney disease that besides hypertension and dyslipidemia increase cardiovascular disease risk. Obesity increases cardiovascular disease risk through multiple pathways. Optimal reduction of cardiovascular disease risk in patients with obesity is likely to require therapy targeted at both obesity and obesity-associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Samson
- Section of Cardiology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | | | - Thierry H Le Jemtel
- Section of Cardiology, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Suzanne Oparil
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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El Meouchy P, Wahoud M, Allam S, Chedid R, Karam W, Karam S. Hypertension Related to Obesity: Pathogenesis, Characteristics and Factors for Control. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012305. [PMID: 36293177 PMCID: PMC9604511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) refers to obesity as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a health risk. Obesity was first designated as a disease in 2012 and since then the cost and the burden of the disease have witnessed a worrisome increase. Obesity and hypertension are closely interrelated as abdominal obesity interferes with the endocrine and immune systems and carries a greater risk for insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Many factors are at the interplay between obesity and hypertension. They include hemodynamic alterations, oxidative stress, renal injury, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance, sleep apnea syndrome and the leptin-melanocortin pathway. Genetics, epigenetics, and mitochondrial factors also play a major role. The measurement of blood pressure in obese patients requires an adapted cuff and the search for other secondary causes is necessary at higher thresholds than the general population. Lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise are often not enough to control obesity, and so far, bariatric surgery constitutes the most reliable method to achieve weight loss. Nonetheless, the emergence of new agents such as Semaglutide and Tirzepatide offers promising alternatives. Finally, several molecular pathways are actively being explored, and they should significantly extend the treatment options available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul El Meouchy
- Department of Internal Medicine, MedStar Health, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Mohamad Wahoud
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Sabine Allam
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, El Koura P.O. Box 100, Lebanon
| | - Roy Chedid
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, William Carey University, Hattiesburg, MS 39401, USA
| | - Wissam Karam
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita, KS 67214, USA
| | - Sabine Karam
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
- Correspondence:
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Xia JH, Zhang DY, Kang YY, Guo QH, Cheng YB, Huang JF, Huang QF, Zhang W, Zhang LJ, Dou Y, Su YL, Liu HL, Zheng MS, Xu XJ, Mu JJ, Li Y, Wang JG. The prevalence of masked hypertension and masked uncontrolled hypertension in relation to overweight and obesity in a nationwide registry in China. Hypertens Res 2022; 45:1690-1700. [DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-01005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Wang N, Zou J, Fang S, Zhou J. Association between daytime napping and obesity in Chinese middle-aged and older adults. J Glob Health 2021; 10:020804. [PMID: 33312510 PMCID: PMC7719355 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.020804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background No studies have assessed the association between daytime napping and obesity in China. The study aimed to examine the association between daytime napping and obesity among Chinese middle-aged and older adults, and to evaluate the difference between the aforementioned association in men and women. Methods Overall, 14 685 participants aged 45 years and older were included by using data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2015. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to investigate the relationship between daytime napping and obesity after adjusting for potential confounders. Stratified analyses were performed to examine the association differences by sex. Besides, the Cochran-Armitage test for trend was used to detect if there was a significant dose-response relationship between daytime napping and obesity. Results The mean age of participants was 60.32, and the mean daytime napping duration was 38.97 minutes. In the sample, compared with no daytime napping group, the risks of being obese were higher in both moderate daytime napping group (1-60 minute/d) (odds ratio OR = 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13-1.44) and extend long daytime napping group (>60 minute/d) (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.15-1.56). In sex stratification, these significant correlations only existed in women but not in men. Compared with no daytime napping, women who napped 1-60 minute/d and over 60 minute/d were more likely to be obese (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.18-1.59 and OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.23-1.81, respectively). Besides, the Cochran-Armitage trend test revealed that the prevalence rate of obesity increased as the daytime napping duration increased (P < 0.001). Conclusions The study established the relationship between daytime napping and obesity in a general Chinese population. The association, however, was only detected among women. Furthermore, there was a dose-response relationship between daytime napping and obesity among women. Future studies may verify this association by using a longitudinal design and focus on the mechanisms behind such association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junyi Zou
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shu Fang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Junmin Zhou
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Woo J, Koziol-White C, Panettieri R, Jude J. TGF-β: The missing link in obesity-associated airway diseases? CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 2:100016. [PMID: 34909651 PMCID: PMC8663968 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2021.100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is emerging as a global public health epidemic. The co-morbidities associated with obesity significantly contribute to reduced quality of life, mortality, and global healthcare burden. Compared to other asthma comorbidities, obesity prominently engenders susceptibility to inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), contributes to greater disease severity and evokes insensitivity to current therapies. Unlike in other metabolic diseases associated with obesity, the mechanistic link between obesity and airway diseases is only poorly defined. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine belonging to a family of growth factors with pivotal roles in asthma. In this review, we summarize the role of TGF-β in major obesity-associated co-morbidities to shed light on mechanisms of the diseases. Literature evidence shows that TGF-β mechanistically links many co-morbidities with obesity through its profibrotic, remodeling, and proinflammatory functions. We posit that TGF-β plays a similar mechanistic role in obesity-associated inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma and COPD. Concerning the role of TGF-β on metabolic effects of obesity, we posit that TGF-β has a similar mechanistic role in obesity-associated inflammatory airway diseases in interplay with different comorbidities such as hypertension, metabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes, and cardiomyopathies. Future studies in TGF-β-dependent mechanisms in obesity-associated inflammatory airway diseases will advance our understanding of obesity-induced asthma and help find novel therapeutic targets for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Woo
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine & Science, The State University of New Jersey, 89 French Street, Rutgers, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ08854, United States,Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, The State University of New Jersey, 89 French Street, Rutgers, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ08854, United States
| | - Cynthia Koziol-White
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine & Science, The State University of New Jersey, 89 French Street, Rutgers, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ08854, United States,Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, 89 French Street, Rutgers, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ08854, United States
| | - Reynold Panettieri
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine & Science, The State University of New Jersey, 89 French Street, Rutgers, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ08854, United States,Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, 89 French Street, Rutgers, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ08854, United States,Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, The State University of New Jersey, 89 French Street, Rutgers, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ08854, United States
| | - Joseph Jude
- Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine & Science, The State University of New Jersey, 89 French Street, Rutgers, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ08854, United States,Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, 89 French Street, Rutgers, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ08854, United States,Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, The State University of New Jersey, 89 French Street, Rutgers, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ08854, United States,Corresponding author. Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine & Science, Rm# 4276, 89 French Street, New Brunswick, NJ08901, United States.
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Age-related values of aortic pulse wave velocity in healthy subjects measured by Doppler echocardiography. J Hum Hypertens 2021; 35:1081-1087. [PMID: 33414505 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-020-00466-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) is a measure of aortic stiffness, which is an indicator of vascular aging and prognostic marker for cardiovascular complications. aPWV can be measured with various methods, but with different reference values depending on the technique used. Therefore, we decided to evaluate age-related values of aPWV, measured by Doppler echocardiography. We included 134 healthy adults (mean age 44.1 ± 13.2 years, 54% of females) divided into five groups based on age decades (D1 21-30 years, n = 29; D2 31-40 years, n = 24; D3 41-50 years, n = 34; D4 51-60 years, n = 25; and D5 61-70 years, n = 22). With the use of a cardiac probe and ECG tracing, ten Doppler waveforms were sequentially recorded, first in the distal aortic arch, and than in the left external iliac artery. Transit time was measured as a delay of the foot of the Doppler waveform in the distal, relative to the proximal location. The distance was measured over the body surface. aPWV was calculated as distance/transit time. Median aPWV in the whole group was 5.05 m/s [4.55-5.99] and did not differ according to sex (females, 5.28 m/s [4.50-6.1] vs. males, 4.95 m/s [4.59-5.77], p = 0.46). Mean aPWV values with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for each decade were as follows: D1, 4.54 m/s (4.37-4.72), D2, 4.61 m/s (4.36-4.87), D3, 5.11 m/s (4.89-5.33), D4, 6.04 m/s (5.63-6.45), and D5, 6.77 m/s (6.35-7.19). We report age-related values of aPWV, in a healthy population, measured by Doppler echocardiography. This may be helpful in future research exploring the associations between aortic stiffness, cardiac function, and cardiovascular risk.
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Zhang Y, Wu H, Xu Y, Qin H, Lan C, Wang W. The correlation between neck circumference and risk factors in patients with hypertension: What matters. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22998. [PMID: 33217801 PMCID: PMC7676568 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is necessary to identify the relationship between neck circumference and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with hypertension.Patients with hypertension treated in our hospital were included. The height, weight, neck circumference, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, 2 h blood glucose (2hPPG), density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were analyzed and compared.A total of 2860 patients with hypertension were included. There were significant differences between male and female patients in the neck circumference, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, Total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, HDL-C, LDL-C, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, drinking and smoking (all P < .05); the neck circumference was positively correlated with waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose, 2hPPG, HbA1c, triacylglycerol and LDL-C (all P < .05), and negatively correlated with HDL-C (P = .014); as the neck circumference increases, the risk of hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity, and dyslipidemia increases accordingly (all P < .05); the area under curve (AUC) was 0.827 and 0.812, and the neck circumference of 37.8 and 33.9 cm was the best cut-off point for male and female patients, respectively.Neck circumference is closely related to cardiovascular risk factors in patients with hypertension, which should be promoted in the screening of cardiovascular diseases.
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Tziomalos K. Secondary Hypertension: Novel Insights. Curr Hypertens Rev 2019; 16:11. [PMID: 31038070 DOI: 10.2174/1573402115666190416161116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
It is estimated that 5-10% of hypertensive patients have secondary hypertension. The main causes of secondary hypertension are parenchymal renal disease, primary aldosteronism and renovascular hypertension. The identification of these patients is important because it enables the etiological management of the underlying disease and in some cases leads to blood pressure control without antihypertensive medications. On the other hand, diagnostic evaluation for secondary hypertension often includes complex and expensive tests and should be performed only in patients with a strong clinical suspicion for its presence. If preliminary screening tests suggest the presence of secondary hypertension, these patients should be referred to specialized centers for further diagnostic evaluation and comprehensive management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Tziomalos
- First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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