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Costigan S, Gråstén A, Huhtiniemi M, Kolunsarka I, Lubans DR, Jaakkola T. Longitudinal Associations Between Enjoyment of Physical Education, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Muscular Fitness Among Finnish Adolescents. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14678. [PMID: 38877298 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Students' experiences in physical education (PE) can shape future physical activity (PA) behaviors. PE enjoyment is associated with PA; however, the relationship between PE enjoyment and fitness has not been extensively investigated. The aim of this study was to examine if changes in PE enjoyment were associated with changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular fitness (MF) among Finnish adolescents. METHODS Study participants were students (n = 1147; 11.27 [±0.32] years at baseline) attending public schools in Finland. Data were collected yearly (2017-2021). The 20 m shuttle run assessed CRF, curl-up/push-up tests assessed MF, and the enjoyment subscale of the Sport Commitment Questionnaire-2 measured PE enjoyment. The random intercept cross-lagged panel model, including repeated measures (within-level) and latent levels (between-level) of PE enjoyment, CRF and MF, was tested. Sex, body mass index, moderate to vigorous PA, and peak height velocity were included as covariates in the analysis. RESULTS Over 5 years, PE enjoyment decreased, CRF increased until Timepoint 3, and MF remained stable. Positive associations between PE enjoyment and fitness were observed, indicating the greater the PE enjoyment, the higher the fitness. For PE enjoyment, CRF and MF repeated measures were positively associated with measurement of the next year. PE enjoyment was positively related to CRF and MF the years thereafter. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the importance of quality PE experiences for enjoyment and fitness gains during the transition from primary to secondary school. These findings are important given youth fitness levels are associated with future health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Costigan
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Arto Gråstén
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Mikko Huhtiniemi
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Iiris Kolunsarka
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - David R Lubans
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timo Jaakkola
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Prvulović N, Djordjević M, Pantelić S. Gender differences and climate zones in overweight and obesity prevalence in European elementary school children from 2000 to 2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1198877. [PMID: 37808999 PMCID: PMC10558048 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1198877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction After 2000, there are more obese than underweight people in the world. We face a rapid increase in average global warming of 1.5°C, reported as a syndemic problem of three interconnected epidemics: obesity, global warming, and undernutrition. We aimed to analyze the impact and association between global warming and obesity in children and differences by gender across Europe after 2000. Methods We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Embase databases. The considered population were children aged 6-14. Only cross-sectional studies that defined obesity by the IOTF cutoffs and the subjects' place of residence, used to determine precise climate zones, were included. We assessed the prevalence of obesity and overweight using a random-effects and the Mantel-Haenszel fixed-effect method when heterogeneity was greater/lower than 50%. We did a subgroup analysis for prevalence across gender, obesity, and overweight, two decades, regions, countries, and the Köppen-Geiger climate zones. Random effects of the meta-regression were used to study the global warming impact and differences in trends across European countries by gender for both conditions separately. Results We identified 114 studies that included 985,971 children from 39 European countries. A significant difference between genders was in favor of obese girls 4.78 (95% CI: 3.85-5.93) versus boys 5.76% (95% CI: 5.11-6.48, p = 0.03), respectively, but not for overweight children. Most of the obese girls were in South Europe 7.51% (95% CI: 6.61-8.51) versus East Europe 2.86% (95% CI: 23-3.12), versus boys in South Europe 8.66% (95% CI: 7.68-9.74) and North Europe 3.49% (95% CI: 2.90-4.19), respectively. The "cold" Köppen-Geiger climate zone, with lowest temperatures, has the largest trend rise between two decades of 2.8% and 1.53% for obese girls and boys, and 5.31% and 1.81% for overweight girls and boys, respectively, followed by the smallest number of obese girls 3.28% (95% CI: 2.17-4.92) and boys 3.58% (95% CI: 2.39-5.33), versus the zone with the highest temperatures "hot" for girls 7.02% (95% CI: 6.30-7.82) and for boys 8.23% (95% CI: 7.55-8.96), respectively. The meta-regression proved global warming has a significant impact on the distribution of obesity and overweight across climate zones, R2 = 0.52 and R2 = 0.22. No significant gender differences, or significant interaction, was noted. Conclusion Our meta-analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the association between and impact of global warming on obesity. This impact increases obesity among children in Europe throughout all climate zones, and emphasizes an urgent call for further preventive methods in schools, since obesity differences continue their trend of disappearing into the future.Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021282127, identifier: CRD42021282127.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Prvulović
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | | | - Saša Pantelić
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
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Santos F, Sousa H, Gouveia ÉR, Lopes H, Peralta M, Martins J, Murawska-Ciałowicz E, Żurek G, Marques A. School-Based Family-Oriented Health Interventions to Promote Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Am J Health Promot 2023; 37:243-262. [PMID: 36413351 PMCID: PMC9850376 DOI: 10.1177/08901171221113836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to systematically review and analyse intervention programs in a school context centred on the family, focused on increasing youths' physical activity. DATA SOURCE The research was carried out in the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases. STUDY INCLUSION CRITERIA Studies were included if participants were children or adolescents, focusing on school-based intervention studies with parental involvement and physical activity, sedentary behaviour or physical fitness outcomes. DATA EXTRACTION The search was performed according to the PRISMA protocol. A total of 416 articles were identified. After being considered for eligibility and duplicates, 22 studies were identified as relevant for inclusion. DATA SYNTHESIS Sample and intervention characteristics, objective, the role of the family, outcomes measures, main findings regarding the outcomes and risk of bias. RESULTS Ten studies reported improvements in physical activity, 6 in sedentary behaviour and 9 in the components of physical fitness and/or skills related to healthy behaviours and lifestyles. Most of the interventions adopted a multidisciplinary and multi-component approach. CONCLUSIONS Most interventions employed a school's multidisciplinary/multi-component approach to promoting physical activity, nutrition, and general education for healthier lifestyle behaviours. The impact of school-based interventions involving families on youth's physical activity levels is still a relatively emerging theme. Further research is needed given the diversity of the intervention's characteristics and the disparity in the results' efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Santos
- Department of Physical Education
and Sport, University
de Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Honorato Sousa
- Department of Physical Education
and Sport, University
de Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Élvio Rúbio Gouveia
- Department of Physical Education
and Sport, University
de Madeira, Funchal, Portugal,LARSYS,
Interactive
Technologies Institute, Funchal,
Portugal,Élvio Rúbio Gouveia, Universidade da
Madeira, Departamento de Educação Física e Desporto, Campus Universitário da
Penteada; 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal.
| | - Helder Lopes
- Department of Physical Education
and Sport, University
de Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Miguel Peralta
- Research Center in Sports Sciences,
Health Sciences, and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal,CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade
Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Martins
- Research Center in Sports Sciences,
Health Sciences, and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal,CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade
Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Grzegorz Żurek
- Physiology and Biochemistry
Department, University
School of Physical Education in
Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Adilson Marques
- Research Center in Sports Sciences,
Health Sciences, and Human Development (CIDESD), Vila Real, Portugal,CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade
Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Fitzgerald SA, Fitzgerald HT, Fitzgerald NM, Fitzgerald TR, Fitzgerald DA. Somatic, psychological and economic benefits of regular physical activity beginning in childhood. J Paediatr Child Health 2022; 58:238-242. [PMID: 34990054 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity is a natural part of a healthy life-style, which should be nurtured from early childhood. Regular physical activity mitigates against the global problems of overweight and obesity, hypertension, anxiety and depression. It lowers the morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease and provides hope for sustainable economics to support an ageing population into their retirement. This is preventative health economics that can be achieved with integrated support from families, communities, health-care professionals and governments at all levels. At present, children lack the support of those responsible for them at a societal level to adequately protect them from the physical and emotional consequences of reduced physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Fitzgerald
- Student, Faculties of Law and Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hugh T Fitzgerald
- Student, Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas M Fitzgerald
- Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timothy R Fitzgerald
- Asia Pacific Strategy and Transactions, Ernst & Young, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dominic A Fitzgerald
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Paulino da Silva Bento AF, Páez LC, Manuel de Mendonça Raimundo A. High-intensity interval training in high-school physical education classes: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2021; 24:100867. [PMID: 34825104 PMCID: PMC8605213 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2021.100867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background School and Physical Education classes (PEC) are privileged spaces, promoters of positive changes for the rest of life. High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is presented as a time-efficient alternative to aerobic training, as it leverages the number of exercise participants, resulting in improvements in health outcomes. Despite the widespread interest in the advantages that the HIIT methodology reveals, there is a lack of randomized controlled studies investigating the impact on adolescents, mainly adressing adolescents’ environment, such as schools. This study aims to evaluate the utility of a HIIT program integrated into high-school PEC, as a strategy that allows students to improve their Physical Fitness, Physical Activity (PA) level, and Motivation for Exercise. Methods This study is a two-arm randomized controlled trial design with adolescents from the 10th to 12th grades (15–17 years). The trial will aim to recruit 300 students from 1 secondary school. The HIIT sessions will be applied in the first 10–15 min of each PEC, twice a week, for 16 weeks, ranged from 14 to 20 all-out bouts intervals, adopting a 2:1 work to rest ratio. A cut-point of ≥ 90% of maximal heart rate will be a criterion for satisfactory compliance to high-intensity exercise. A rated perceived exertion scale will be measured in each exercise session to estimate effort, fatigue, and training load. The control group will continue the usual programmed PEC. Study outcomes will be measured at baseline and after the HIIT program. Cardiorespiratory fitness is the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes include: muscular fitness, PA and motivation for exercise. Discussion HIIT protocols presents wide applicability in PEC and great adaptation to the facilities. The authors aim to provide novel HIIT protocols for schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Filipe Paulino da Silva Bento
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre CHRC, Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Portugal
| | | | - Armando Manuel de Mendonça Raimundo
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre CHRC, Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Portugal
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A randomized controlled trial on the influence of two types of exercise training vs control on visuospatial processing and mathematical skills: The role of cortisol. Physiol Behav 2021; 229:113213. [PMID: 33096121 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
While physical exercise training (PET) is undoubtedly very important for children and adolescents, there is still a lack of research dealing with the specific impact of different types of PET on cognitive and academic performance and the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The purpose of this study was to compare the impact of two different types of exercise training on visuospatial processing and mathematical skills in adolescents with the analysis of cortisol. We randomly assigned 135 adolescents (12-15 years of age) into three groups: coordinative exercise (CE), cardiovascular exercise (CVE), and control (CON) group. Computerized cognitive test (matching grids), mathematical skills and salivary cortisol level were evaluated before and after 10 weeks of PET (three times per week for 45 min) after school. Reaction time of the matching grids task decreased in all groups while the accuracy was better in CE comparing to control. In addition, the CE group improved the mathematical skills. The participants who improved visuospatial performance had higher mathematics scores after the intervention. However, we did't find any effect of the exercise training intervention on salivary cortisol nor on the link between cortisol and visuospatial processing. Future research should analyze the moderators that influence this link.
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Frömel K, Groffik D, Mitáš J, Madarasová Gecková A, Csányi T. Physical Activity Recommendations for Segments of School Days in Adolescents: Support for Health Behavior in Secondary Schools. Front Public Health 2020; 8:527442. [PMID: 33194940 PMCID: PMC7661935 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.527442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
School physical activity (PA) is an indispensable part of daily PA, the foundation for developing lifelong PA and fitness, and an easy way to gain physical and health literacy. School PA is equally important for understanding the continuity of physical and mental health, even in broader psychosocial aspects. Regarding long-term outcomes, significant attention has been paid to the determination of daily and weekly recommendations for adolescent PA. However, comprehensive approaches suggesting recommendations for PA in segments of the school day are rare. This study aimed to (a) provide a rationale for PA recommendations in segments of school days and incorporate it into generally accepted PA recommendations, and (b) promote radical changes in the educational process toward a healthy school lifestyle through PA recommendations in segments of school days. The results of research conducted in 98 secondary schools in the Czech Republic and 104 secondary schools in Poland from 2009 to 2017 were used in this study. In total, 3,860 boys and 5,237 girls from the Czech Republic and 3,052 boys and 3,329 girls from Poland, all aged 15-19, participated. We recommended at least 2,000 steps (or 10 min of moderate-to-vigorous PA) for the before school segment and at least 6,000 steps (or 30 min of moderate-to-vigorous PA) for the after-school segment. For the time spent at school, we further recommended at least 500 steps/h (alternatively, at least 3,000 steps/school time), 20 min of moderate-to-vigorous PA (≥3METs or 60% HRmax), and at least one HRsubmax/max response to significant stress during PA to mitigate educational stress and high levels of sedentary behavior in schools. PA should account for at least 25% of school time, even on days with no scheduled physical education lessons. We propose using PA recommendations in segments of school days to achieve positive changes in the educational process and school lifestyle. Acceptance of PA recommendations in segments of school days theories on physical education could help refine and concretize demands for changes in PA and lifestyle in secondary schools. In practice, it could support the creation of innovative and comprehensive school PA programs. Future research should focus on obtaining evidence in support for adolescent PA by applying PA recommendations in segments of school days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Frömel
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia.,Institute of Sport Science, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Dorota Groffik
- Institute of Sport Science, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Josef Mitáš
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | | | - Tamás Csányi
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Primary and Pre-School Education, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Health Enhancing Physical Activity Department, Hungarian School Sport Federation, Budapest, Hungary
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Physical Activity and Physical Competence in Overweight and Obese Children: An Intervention Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176370. [PMID: 32883044 PMCID: PMC7504542 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With the current obesity epidemic and the decline of fitness among school-aged children, the importance of obesity interventions to promote physical activity and healthy habits has become indisputable. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of a school-based multicomponent intervention in increasing physical activity (PA) levels, actual physical abilities, and perceived physical abilities in clinical and nonclinical samples of overweight/obese boys and girls aged 10-12 years. The clinical intervention group (n = 35) participated in a 7-month after-school program in addition to curricular physical education lessons, while the nonclinical control group (n = 29) received usual curricular lessons. Measures included levels of PA and fitness and individual's perceptions of physical ability. After treatment, the intervention group showed improved PA levels, perceived physical ability, and throwing and jumping task performances compared to the control group. Results indicate that a multicomponent program can improve levels of PA, fitness, and perceived competence of overweight participants. Findings highlight the importance of a comprehensive healthy lifestyle program that includes physical, psychosocial, and behavioral factors and suggest practical implications for educators, trainers, and teachers in identifying best practices targeting childhood obesity.
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Martin-Smith R, Cox A, Buchan DS, Baker JS, Grace F, Sculthorpe N. High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) Improves Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF) in Healthy, Overweight and Obese Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082955. [PMID: 32344773 PMCID: PMC7215828 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is a sustainable and effective method for improving Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF) in adolescents. HIIT is proven to produce equal or greater improvements in CRF when compared to moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) in adolescents. Methods: The studies included were considered eligible if: (1) Participants were adolescents (11–18 years old); (2) Examined changes in CRF measured either directly or indirectly; (3) Included a non-exercising control group or MICE comparison group; (4) Participants were matched at enrolment; (5) Reported HIIT protocol information; (6) Provided HIIT intensity. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effect of HIIT on CRF. Meta-regression and moderator analyses were performed out to quantitatively examine moderators of protocol design on CRF improvements. Results: HIIT displays a moderate effect to improve CRF (g = 0.86, 95% CI 0.518–1.106, p < 0.001). Neither study duration (weeks), nor total or weekly accumulated HIIT volume (min) displayed any significant moderation effect on pooled improvement on CRF (p > 0.05). Conclusions: HIIT is an effective method to improve CRF in adolescents, irrespective of body composition. Notably, meta regression analysis identified that prolonged high volume HIIT programs are similarly effective to short term low volume HIIT programs. This becomes of particular interest for those involved in school curricula, where short HIIT exercise may provide a pragmatic adjunct to the health benefits of Physical Education (PE) lessons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhona Martin-Smith
- Movement Behaviours, Health and Wellbeing Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire L39 4QP, UK;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ashley Cox
- Movement Behaviours, Health and Wellbeing Research Group, Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire L39 4QP, UK;
| | - Duncan S. Buchan
- Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, University of the West of Scotland Lanarkshire Campus Lanarkshire, Scotland G72 0LH, UK; (D.S.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Julien S. Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Fergal Grace
- School of Health & Life Sciences, Federation University, Mt Helen, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia;
| | - Nicholas Sculthorpe
- Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, University of the West of Scotland Lanarkshire Campus Lanarkshire, Scotland G72 0LH, UK; (D.S.B.); (N.S.)
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Schmidt SK, Reinboth MS, Resaland GK, Bratland-Sanda S. Changes in Physical Activity, Physical Fitness and Well-Being Following a School-Based Health Promotion Program in a Norwegian Region with a Poor Public Health Profile: A Non-Randomized Controlled Study in Early Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E896. [PMID: 32023995 PMCID: PMC7037455 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in physical activity (PA), physical fitness and psychosocial well-being in early adolescents following implementation of a school-based health promotion program in secondary schools. METHODS Six municipalities in Telemark County, Norway, were recruited into intervention (6 schools) or control groups (9 schools). A total of 644 pupils participated in the study (response rate: 79%). The schools in the intervention group implemented the Active and Healthy Kids program, where the PA component consisted of (1) 120 min/week of physically active learning (PAL) and (2) 25 min/week of physical active breaks. Furthermore, both the intervention and control schools carried out 135 min/week of physical education. The primary outcome was PA. Secondary outcomes were sedentary time, physical fitness, subjective vitality and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in five domains: physical health, psychological well-being, parent, peers and school. RESULTS There was a group x time effect on school-based PA (p < 0.05), but not total PA, as well as on physical fitness (p < 0.05) and vitality (p < 0.01). In girls, there also was a group x time effect on three out of the five domains on HRQoL (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A multi-component, school-based health-promotion program with emphasis on the use of PAL led to positive changes in school-based PA levels. Furthermore, positive changes were seen in physical fitness, vitality and HRQoL among early adolescents in a county with a poor public health profile. This might have implications for the development and promotion in schools of general health and well-being throughout adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina K. Schmidt
- Faculty of Humanities, Sports and Educational Science, University of South-Eastern Norway, Pb 235, 3603 Kongsberg, Norway; (M.S.R.); (S.B.-S.)
| | - Michael S. Reinboth
- Faculty of Humanities, Sports and Educational Science, University of South-Eastern Norway, Pb 235, 3603 Kongsberg, Norway; (M.S.R.); (S.B.-S.)
| | - Geir K. Resaland
- Center for Physically Active Learning, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Science, Campus Sogndal, 6856 Sogndal, Norway;
| | - Solfrid Bratland-Sanda
- Faculty of Humanities, Sports and Educational Science, University of South-Eastern Norway, Pb 235, 3603 Kongsberg, Norway; (M.S.R.); (S.B.-S.)
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Impact on Physical Fitness of the Chinese CHAMPS: A Clustered Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16224412. [PMID: 31718019 PMCID: PMC6888011 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND School physical activity (PA) policy, physical education curriculum, teacher training, knowledge of physical fitness, and parental support are among the key issues underlying the declining trend of physical fitness in children and adolescents. The Chinese CHAMPS was a multi-faceted intervention program to maximize the opportunities for moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and increase physical fitness in middle school students. The purpose of the study was to test whether the levels of modification in school physical education policy and curriculum incrementally influenced the changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and other physical fitness outcomes. METHODS This 8-month study was a clustered randomized controlled trial using a 2 × 2 factorial design. The participants were 680 7th grade students (mean age = 12.66 years) enrolled in 12 middle schools that were randomly assigned to one of four treatment conditions: school physical education intervention (SPE), afterschool program intervention (ASP), SPE+ASP, and control. Targeted behaviors of the Chinese CHAMPS were the student's sedentary behavior and MVPA. The study outcomes were assessed by a test battery of physical fitness at the baseline and posttest. Sedentary behavior and MVPA were measured in randomly selected students using observations and accelerometry. RESULTS The terms contrasting the pooled effect of SPE, ASP, and SPE+ASP vs. Control, the pooled effect of SPE and SPE+ASP vs. ASP only, and the effect of SPE+ASP vs. ASP on CRF and other physical fitness outcomes were all significant after adjusting for covariates, supporting the study hypothesis. Process evaluation demonstrated high fidelity of the intervention in the targeted students' behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Chinese CHAMPS demonstrated the impact of varying the amount of MVPA and vigorous physical activity (VPA) on the physical fitness in middle school students in support of the need to increase the opportunity for PA in schools and to introduce high-intensity exercises in school-based PA programs. Modification of school policy, quality of physical education curriculum, and teacher training were important moderators of the improvement in physical fitness. (Trial registration: ChiCTR-IOR-14005388, the Childhood Health; Activity and Motor Performance Study.).
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Mello JB, Mello JHP, Vian F, Gaya AR, Gaya ACA. Associação da aptidão cardiorrespiratória de adolescentes com a atividade física e a estrutura pedagógica da educação física escolar. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CIÊNCIAS DO ESPORTE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbce.2018.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Computer Vision-Based Unobtrusive Physical Activity Monitoring in School by Room-Level Physical Activity Estimation: A Method Proposition. INFORMATION 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/info10090269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As sedentary lifestyles and childhood obesity are becoming more prevalent, research in the field of physical activity (PA) has gained much momentum. Monitoring the PA of children and adolescents is crucial for ascertaining and understanding the phenomena that facilitate and hinder PA in order to develop effective interventions for promoting physically active habits. Popular individual-level measures are sensitive to social desirability bias and subject reactivity. Intrusiveness of these methods, especially when studying children, also limits the possible duration of monitoring and assumes strict submission to human research ethics requirements and vigilance in personal data protection. Meanwhile, growth in computational capacity has enabled computer vision researchers to successfully use deep learning algorithms for real-time behaviour analysis such as action recognition. This work analyzes the weaknesses of existing methods used in PA research; gives an overview of relevant advances in video-based action recognition methods; and proposes the outline of a novel action intensity classifier utilizing sensor-supervised learning for estimating ambient PA. The proposed method, if applied as a distributed privacy-preserving sensor system, is argued to be useful for monitoring the spatio-temporal distribution of PA in schools over long periods and assessing the efficiency of school-based PA interventions.
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McCullogh N, Boyle SE, Fothergill M, Defeyter MA. 'A really good balance': Thematic analysis of stakeholders' views on classroom- and games-based positive choices interventions for primary school children. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219503. [PMID: 31287843 PMCID: PMC6615601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explores the views of children, parents, school staff and intervention staff regarding interventions designed to promote healthy lifestyles and positive choices in primary schools in the North East of England, United Kingdom. The interventions consisted of six weekly sessions in which classroom learning was followed by physically active games. Focus groups and semi-structured interviews were conducted with a total of 45 participants and thematic analysis was performed on the resultant 26 transcripts to identify themes relating to the role of physical activity, facilitators and barriers to children’s engagement in the sessions and the perceived outcomes of intervention participation. Results indicated that participants across the four groups felt the inclusion of classroom learning and physical activity made the interventions suitable for a range of children, with the games reinforcing classroom messages and acting as a reward for their work. Central to children’s active engagement was their enjoyment, and they were felt to benefit in terms of psychosocial wellbeing and–especially when the topic of the intervention was fitness and nutrition–physical wellbeing. Overall, combined classroom- and games-based interventions were valued methods for communicating healthy lifestyle and positive choices messages to a primary school audience, though research into intervention outcomes is currently limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola McCullogh
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Spencer E. Boyle
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, United Kingdom
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Hajar MS, Rizal H, Kueh YC, Muhamad AS, Kuan G. The Effects of Brain Breaks on Motives of Participation in Physical Activity among Primary School Children in Malaysia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E2331. [PMID: 31269644 PMCID: PMC6651589 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16132331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Brain breaks is a physical activity (PA) video designed for school settings that is used to stimulate student's health and learning. The purpose of this study is to measure the effects of brain breaks on motives of participation in PA among primary school children in Malaysia. Purposive sampling was used to divide 159 male and 176 female students aged 10 to 11 years old, mean (standard deviation (SD)) = 10.51 (0.50), from two schools in Kelantan, Malaysia into intervention (n = 183) and control (n = 152) groups. Students undertook brain breaks activities on school days (five minutes per session) spread out for a period of four months. Mixed factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the students' motives of participation in PA for pre-, mid-, and post-tests using the Physical Activity and Leisure Motivation Scale-Youth-Malay (PALMS-Y-M). Mixed factorial ANOVA showed significant changes in enjoyment, F(2, 392) = 8.720, p-value (ηp2) = 0.001 (0.043); competitiveness, F(2, 195) = 4.364, p-value (ηp2) = 0.014 (0.043); appearance, F(2, 392) = 5.709, p-value (ηp2) = 0.004 (0.028); and psychological condition, F(2, 392) = 4.376, p-value (ηp2) = 0.013 (0.022), whereas mastery, affiliation, and physical condition were not significant (p < 0.05). Further post-hoc analysis revealed a significant downward trend in the control group (p < 0.05). Brain breaks is successful in maintaining students' motives for PA in four of the seven factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mawar Siti Hajar
- Exercise and Sport Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Hussein Rizal
- Exercise and Sport Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Yee Cheng Kueh
- Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Ayu Suzailiana Muhamad
- Exercise and Sport Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia
| | - Garry Kuan
- Exercise and Sport Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia.
- Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University, London UB8 3PH, UK.
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The 20-m Shuttle Run: Assessment and Interpretation of Data in Relation to Youth Aerobic Fitness and Health. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2019; 31:152-163. [PMID: 30885058 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2018-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a good summative measure of the body's ability to perform continuous, rhythmic, dynamic, large-muscle group physical activity, and exercise. In children, CRF is meaningfully associated with health, independent of physical activity levels, and it is an important determinant of sports and athletic performance. Although gas-analyzed peak oxygen uptake is the criterion physiological measure of children's CRF, it is not practical for population-based testing. Field testing offers a simple, cheap, practical alternative to gas analysis. The 20-m shuttle run test (20mSRT)-a progressive aerobic exercise test involving continuous running between 2 lines 20 m apart in time to audio signals-is probably the most widely used field test of CRF. This review aims to clarify the international utility of the 20mSRT by synthesizing the evidence describing measurement variability, validity, reliability, feasibility, and the interpretation of results, as well as to provide future directions for international surveillance. The authors show that the 20mSRT is an acceptable, feasible, and scalable measure of CRF and functional/exercise capacity, and that it has moderate criterion validity and high to very high reliability. The assessment is pragmatic, easily interpreted, and results are transferable to meaningful and understandable situations. The authors recommend that CRF, assessed by the 20mSRT, be considered as an international population health surveillance measure to provide additional insight into pediatric population health.
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Morgan K, Van Godwin J, Darwent K, Fildes A. Formative research to develop a school-based, community-linked physical activity role model programme for girls: CHoosing Active Role Models to INspire Girls (CHARMING). BMC Public Health 2019; 19:437. [PMID: 31023293 PMCID: PMC6485173 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6741-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is a persistent challenge among girls. School-based physical activity (PA) interventions have shown mixed effects on girl's activity levels, with multi-component approaches involving both school and community links appearing more effective for sustainable change. The purpose of the current research was to gather views from preadolescent girls, parents, teachers and stakeholders in order to co-produce a multi-component school-based, community linked PA intervention programme. METHODS Focus groups were conducted in two primary schools with 34 girls aged 9-11 years and 11 parents (10 female, 1 male). In-depth interviews were conducted with four female teachers (including two head teachers). Focus groups and interviews focused on programme design (structure, content and delivery) and potential factors affecting intervention uptake and continued PA participation. A series of stakeholder engagement events occurred throughout the study period. All data were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed in NVivo 11. RESULTS Girls reported that fun taster sessions delivered by role models would encourage them to participate in a school-based role model programme, with tailored taster sessions each week to enhance continued PA participation. Parents and teachers identified a number of barriers to uptake and continued PA participation, and active involvement of stakeholders facilitated the development of intervention strategies. Strategies included; single-sex after-school sessions, use of female role models, low-cost activity options and mapping community provision. Analyses revealed the importance of tailoring the programme to align with local needs, demands and provision. CONCLUSIONS Data show numerous barriers to intervention uptake and continued PA participation when designing a school-based, community-linked intervention. Adopting a co-production approach, this formative work highlights a number of potential strategies for overcoming these barriers. Findings from the research directed the development and implementation of the CHARMING role model intervention and informed the creation of an intervention logic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Morgan
- DECIPHer, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jordan Van Godwin
- DECIPHer, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kirsty Darwent
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, Stirling University, Stirling, Scotland
| | - Alison Fildes
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Millet GP, Giulianotti R. Sports and Active Living Are Medicine, and Education, Happiness, Performance, Business, Innovation, and Culture…for a Sustainable World. Front Sports Act Living 2019; 1:1. [PMID: 33344925 PMCID: PMC7739756 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2019.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gregoire P. Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Richard Giulianotti
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- Department of Sports, Physical Education and Outdoor Studies, University of Southeast Norway, Bo, Norway
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Sancassiani F, Lecca ME, Pintus E, Moro MF, Caria R, Minerba L, Mela Q, Nardi AE, Machado S, d'Aloja E, Preti A, Carta MG. Could an Innovative Training Program Including Contact Sports and Counseling Help Young People With Traits of Psychopathy and A History of School Dropout? Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2019; 15:49-57. [PMID: 31043997 PMCID: PMC6463421 DOI: 10.2174/1745017901915010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim was to assess the effects of a training program inclusive of contact sports and counseling on school dropout, quality of life (QoL) and psychopathologic symptoms in the youth with a history of school dropout and psychopathic personality traits. Methods The Experimental Group (EG) consisted of 32 subjects (male 90.6%; age 19.6±4.3 years); the Control Group (CG) consisted of an equal number matched for gender and age with the same psychological features. At the beginning of the experimental Training Program (T0), both cohorts were assessed by a diagnostic psychiatric interview (SCID ANTAS), the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) to evaluate QoL, the Psychopathy Checklist - Revised (PCL-R) for the assessment of psychopathic traits, the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) to measure general psychopathology. At the end of the program (T1), the coorths were evaluated by SF-12 and SRQ. Results Twenty-seven subjects in the EG (84.4%) completed the course and underwent the evaluation at T1. The SF-12 score significantly increased from T0 to T1 in both groups, albeit this was more evident in the EG than in the CG, owing to an interaction between time and group. SRQ score significantly decreased in the EG from T0 to T1, while in the CG it did not, although the interaction between time and group was not significant. Conclusion The experimental training program was effective in improving QoL and countering school dropout in young citizens with psychopathic traits. Further studies are needed to clarify if such results are due to a relationship between the practical tasks approach including contact sports and an improvement in mentalization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sancassiani
- Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Efisia Lecca
- Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elisa Pintus
- Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Caria
- Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luigi Minerba
- Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Quirico Mela
- Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Egidio Nardi
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil
| | - Sergio Machado
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói - RJ, Brazil
| | - Ernesto d'Aloja
- Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Preti
- Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Wright DR, Saelens BE, Fontes A, Lavelle TA. Assessment of Parents' Preferences for Incentives to Promote Engagement in Family-Based Childhood Obesity Treatment. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e191490. [PMID: 30924902 PMCID: PMC6450425 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.1490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance Family-based treatment (FBT) is recommended for childhood obesity, but even when sought, attrition is high. Extrinsic incentives, which have been effective for improving adult health, could improve FBT engagement. Objective To assess parents' preferences for FBT incentives. Design, Setting, and Participants Survey study of parents of children aged 6 to 17 years with obesity (body mass index in ≥95th percentile for age and sex). Parents' preferences for FBT incentive program attributes were assessed in a discrete choice experiment conducted using a nationally representative, web-based survey in March 2018. Attributes included (1) the monetary value of the incentive, (2) the payment structure, (3) the goal being incentivized, and (4) the person(s) being incentivized. A fractional factorial design was used to create a set of profiles representing hypothetical FBT incentives. Parents were presented with 10 pairs of profiles and asked which would most motivate them in FBT. Parents were also asked about preferences between a small, guaranteed incentive and a lottery for a large incentive. Analyses used a hierarchical Bayesian model and linear regressions. Main Outcomes and Measures Parents' preference for different incentive program attributes and levels. Results The nationally representative survey had a 41.4% eligibility rate (n = 339) and a 89.7% completion rate (n = 304). A total of 53.3% of respondents (weighted percentage) were non-Hispanic white, 42.6% had an annual household income less than $50 000, and 28.3% had a bachelor's degree. Parents preferred higher incentives, although they were willing to accept lower-value incentives if both the parent and the child (vs the child alone) were required to meet the goal (mean difference [MD], -$108; 95% CI, -$132 to -$84), if the incentive used a gain-framed vs loss-framed payment structure (MD, -$72; 95% CI, -$85 to -$59), and if physical activity goals were incentivized over weight loss (MD, -$63; 95% CI, -$82 to -$44) or dietary monitoring (MD, -$5; 95% CI, -$1 to $28). Only 20.6% of parents preferred a lottery over a guaranteed payment. Preferences did not vary among demographic or health subgroups. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, parent-stated preferences did not align with FBT best practices or behavioral economic theory. A randomized clinical trial could examine whether aligning incentives with preferences or best practices would maximize FBT engagement and behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davene R. Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Brian E. Saelens
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Angela Fontes
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tara A. Lavelle
- Center for the Evaluation of Value and Risk in Health, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Brand C, Dias AF, Fochesatto CF, García-Hermoso A, Mota J, Gaya ACA, Gaya AR. The role of body fat in the relationship of cardiorespiratory fitness with cardiovascular risk factors in Brazilian children. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201800040015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Pablos A, Nebot V, Vañó-Vicent V, Ceca D, Elvira L. Effectiveness of a school-based program focusing on diet and health habits taught through physical exercise. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 43:331-337. [PMID: 29136476 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2023]
Abstract
The global rate of obesity in childhood is becoming an epidemic and many authors have established a significant association between childhood obesity and overweight in adulthood. It is therefore necessary to seek effective strategies to reduce these levels of obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the Healthy Habits Program (HHP). The participants comprised 158 children from the fifth and sixth grades (intervention group, n = 82; control group, n = 76). The HHP is a school-based physical activity program focusing on promoting a healthy lifestyle. It lasted for 8 months, and measurements were taken at the beginning and end of the program. Physiological variables (total cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose, blood pressure, and maximal oxygen consumption), anthropometric variables (body mass index (BMI)) and behavioral variables (breakfast, quality of diet, meal frequency, physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, and perceived health) were evaluated. Repeated-measures ANOVA showed significant improvements (p < 0.05) after the intervention for the intervention group in triglycerides, blood glucose and maximal oxygen consumption. Significant improvements were also observed in breakfast habits and quality of diet. Finally, a significant improvement in prevalence of normal levels was observed for total cholesterol, blood pressure, and BMI. It can therefore be stated that the HHP is an innovative and useful school-based program that can help to improve diet and health in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pablos
- a Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Católica de Valencia "San Vicente Mártir", C/ Ramiro de Maeztu, 14, 46900, Torrent, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Nebot
- a Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Católica de Valencia "San Vicente Mártir", C/ Ramiro de Maeztu, 14, 46900, Torrent, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Vañó-Vicent
- b Doctoral School, "Universidad Católica de Valencia "San Vicente Mártir", C/ Guillem de Castro, 65 bajo, 46008, Valencia, Spain
| | - Diego Ceca
- b Doctoral School, "Universidad Católica de Valencia "San Vicente Mártir", C/ Guillem de Castro, 65 bajo, 46008, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Elvira
- a Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Católica de Valencia "San Vicente Mártir", C/ Ramiro de Maeztu, 14, 46900, Torrent, Valencia, Spain
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La Torre G, Saulle R, Di Murro F, Siliquini R, Firenze A, Maurici M, Mannocci A, Colamesta V, Barillà F, Ferrante F, Agati L. Mediterranean diet adherence and synergy with acute myocardial infarction and its determinants: A multicenter case-control study in Italy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193360. [PMID: 29543823 PMCID: PMC5854311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in Western countries. The possible synergistic effect of poor adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MD) and other risk factors for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) such as hypertension, cholesterol, ever smoker, BMI> 25, diabetes, has not been deeply studied. Design Case-control study. Methods Patients with first AMI and controls from four tertiary referral Italian centers were screened for enrolment. Dietary information was collected through a questionnaire and a MD adherence score was calculated. Physical activity and smoking habits were also registered. The Synergy Index was calculated according to Rothman. Results 127 cases and 173 controls were enrolled. The analysis was conducted using a dichotomous variable for the MD score with values ≥7 representing good adherence. Multivariate analysis showed the following variables associated to AMI: ever smoker (OR = 2.08), diabetes (OR = 1.42), hypertension (OR = 2.08), hypercholesterolemia (OR = 2.47), BMI> 25 (OR = 1.99), while a protective effect emerged both in subjects scoring > 7 on the MD score (OR = 0.55) and in subjects resident of Southern Italy (OR = 0.38). A synergistic effect does exist between poor adherence to the MD and the following risk factors: hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, BMI >25, diabetes and being a resident in central and northern Italy. Conclusion Synergy between heart disease risk factors and MD underlines the need to enlarge the list of known modifiable cardiovascular risk factors to include and promote adherence to Mediterranean dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe La Torre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Rosella Saulle
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Murro
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Siliquini
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Pediatrics Torino University, Turin, Italy
| | - Alberto Firenze
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimo Maurici
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Mannocci
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Colamesta
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Barillà
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrological, Anesthesiological and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Ferrante
- Department of Cardiology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciano Agati
- Department of Cardiology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Gaya AR, Dias AF, Lemes VB, Gonçalves JC, Marques PA, Guedes G, Brand C, Gaya AC. Aggregation of risk indicators to cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal health in Brazilian adolescents in the periods 2008/09 and 2013/14. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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25
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Gaya AR, Dias AF, Lemes VB, Gonçalves JC, Marques PA, Guedes G, Brand C, Gaya ACA. Aggregation of risk indicators to cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal health in Brazilian adolescents in the periods 2008/09 and 2013/14. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2018; 94:177-183. [PMID: 28843060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the occurrence of an aggregate risk to cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal health of Brazilian adolescents in the period 2008/09 and 2013/14 and to identify whether there are differences in risk between the genders and in these periods. METHODS This was a trend epidemiological study with a quantitative approach, consisting of a voluntary sample of adolescents from 16 Brazilian states. Data were extracted from the database of Brazil Sports Project (Projeto Esporte Brasil). Health-related physical fitness was evaluated based on body mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility, and abdominal strength/resistance. Descriptive analysis, chi-squared test, and Poisson log regression were used for the statistical treatment. RESULTS In the years 2008/09, 14.6% of Brazilian youngsters showed an aggregate risk to cardiometabolic health and 17.1% an aggregate risk for musculoskeletal indicators, whereas in 2013/14, the values of the risk indicators were, respectively 40.0% and 22.4%. It was observed that, in the years 2013/14, the risk to the cardiometabolic health of boys was 2.51 times greater than in 2008/09, while for girls, a three-fold increase in risk was observed. Concerning musculoskeletal health, girls showed a 2.21 risk of being in the risk zone in 2013/14 when compared with 2008/09. CONCLUSION The occurrence of an aggregate risk to the cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal health of Brazilian adolescents increased in the 2008/09 and 2013/14 periods. Regarding gender, an increase in the cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal risk between these periods was observed in girls. As for boys, an increase was observed only in cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anelise R Gaya
- Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Arieli F Dias
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanilson B Lemes
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Centro Universitário Leonardo da Vinci (UNIASSELVI), Indaial, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila A Marques
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Guedes
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Brand
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Adroaldo C A Gaya
- Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Koo HC, Poh BK, Abd Talib R. The GReat-Child™ Trial: A Quasi-Experimental Intervention on Whole Grains with Healthy Balanced Diet to Manage Childhood Obesity in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Nutrients 2018; 10:E156. [PMID: 29385769 PMCID: PMC5852732 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The GReat-Child Trial was a quasi-experimental intervention that has emphasized whole grain as a strategy to manage childhood obesity. Methods: Two schools in Kuala Lumpur with similar demographic characteristics were assigned as intervention (IG) and control (CG). Eligibility criteria were overweight/obese children aged 9 to 11 years who had no serious co-morbidity. Children who reported consuming wholegrain foods in their 3-day diet-recall during screening were excluded. A total of 63 children (31 IG; 32 CG) completed the entire intervention program. The IG children underwent six 30-min nutrition education lessons and had school delivery of wholegrain food on a daily basis over a 12-week period. Parents of IG children attended 1-h individual diet counseling. Anthropometric outcomes including BMI-for-age z-score (BAZ), body fat percentage and waist circumference were measured at baseline [T0], post-intervention [T1] (3rd month) and follow-up [T2] (9th month). Results: IG showed significantly lower BAZ (weighted difference: -0.12; 95% CI: -0.21, -0.03; p = 0.009), body fat percentage (weighted difference: -2.6%; 95% CI: -3.7, -1.5; p < 0.001) and waist circumference (weighted difference: -2.4 cm; 95% CI: -3.8, -1.0; p = 0.001) compared to CG. IG reported significantly lower body fat percentage (weighted difference: -3.4%; 95% CI: 1.8, 5.0; p < 0.001) and waist circumference (weighted difference: -2.1 cm; 95% CI: -3.7, -0.5; p = 0.014) at T1 compared to T0. Conclusions: The GReat-Child Trial made a positive impact in managing childhood obesity. It can be incorporated into childhood obesity intervention programs that are being implemented by the policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chin Koo
- Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Bee Koon Poh
- Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ruzita Abd Talib
- Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Panter J, Tanggaard Andersen P, Aro AR, Samara A. Obesity Prevention: A Systematic Review of Setting-Based Interventions from Nordic Countries and the Netherlands. J Obes 2018; 2018:7093260. [PMID: 29808116 PMCID: PMC5902009 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7093260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Effective evidence-based interventions have an important role in obesity prevention. Our aim was to present a qualitative synthesis of setting-based health promotion interventions on obesity, from Nordic countries and the Netherlands. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was completed for studies in the community, schools, and worksite, with BMI as an outcome. A descriptive analysis was completed for all full-text articles meeting the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Thirty-three articles were identified: 7 whole of community, 3 worksite, and 23 school-based interventions. The studies were largely quasiexperimental in design (21/33), with follow-up from 4 months to 8 years. The explicit use of theory was not featured in many of the studies (20/33). No consistent direction for BMI change could be identified in the whole of community interventions (2/7 positive, 2/7 negative, and 3/7 no effect) and no effect for worksite (3/3 no effect) or many of the school-based interventions (1/23 negative, 4/23 positive, 15/23 no effect, 1/23 BMI significant increase only for control group and 3/23 no data available). CONCLUSIONS There is a need to prioritise interventions with study designs of high quality, theory, and a participatory approach, for optimal implementation and evaluation of obesity prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Panter
- Unit for Health Promotion Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | | | - Arja R. Aro
- Unit for Health Promotion Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Anastasia Samara
- Unit for Health Promotion Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
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Fredriksen PM, Hjelle OP, Mamen A, Meza TJ, Westerberg AC. The health Oriented pedagogical project (HOPP) - a controlled longitudinal school-based physical activity intervention program. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:370. [PMID: 28454531 PMCID: PMC5410047 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4282-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is increasing worldwide, also among children. Information about primary prevention of NCD's is increasing; however, convincing strategies among children is needed. The present paper describes the design and methods in the Health Oriented Pedagogical Project (HOPP) study. The main objective is to evaluate the effects of a school-based physical activity intervention program on cardio-metabolic risk factors. Secondary objectives include assessment of physical, psychological and academic performance variables. METHODS The HOPP study is a 7 years longitudinal large-scale controlled intervention in seven elementary schools (n = 1545) with two control schools (n = 752); all aged 6-11 years at baseline. The school-based physical activity intervention program includes an increase in physical activity (PA) of 225 min/week as an integrated part of theoretical learning, in addition to the curriculum based 90 min/week of ordinary PA. Primary outcomes include cardio-metabolic risk factors measured as PA level, BMI status, waist circumference, muscle mass, percent fat, endurance test performance, total serum cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), non-HDL, micro C-reactive protein (mCRP) and long-term blood sugar (HbA1c). In addition, secondary outcomes include anthropometric growth measures, physical fitness, quality of life (QoL), mental health, executive functions, diet and academic performance. DISCUSSION HOPP will provide evidence of effects on cardio-metabolic risk factors after a long-term PA intervention program in elementary schoolchildren. School-based PA intervention programs may be an effective arena for health promotion and disease prevention. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study is registered in Clinical trials (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02495714 ) as of June 20th - 2015, retrospectively registered. The collection of baseline values was initiated in mid-January 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Morten Fredriksen
- Kristiania University College - Department of Health Sciences, PB 1195 Sentrum, 0107 Oslo, Oslo Norway
| | - Ole Petter Hjelle
- Kristiania University College - Department of Health Sciences, PB 1195 Sentrum, 0107 Oslo, Oslo Norway
| | - Asgeir Mamen
- Kristiania University College - Department of Health Sciences, PB 1195 Sentrum, 0107 Oslo, Oslo Norway
| | - Trine J. Meza
- Kristiania University College - Department of Health Sciences, PB 1195 Sentrum, 0107 Oslo, Oslo Norway
| | - Ane C. Westerberg
- Kristiania University College - Department of Health Sciences, PB 1195 Sentrum, 0107 Oslo, Oslo Norway
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29
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A multicomponent, school-initiated obesity intervention to promote healthy lifestyles in children. Nutrition 2016; 32:1075-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Roura E, Milà-Villarroel R, Lucía Pareja S, Adot Caballero A. Assessment of Eating Habits and Physical Activity among Spanish Adolescents. The "Cooking and Active Leisure" TAS Program. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159962. [PMID: 27463105 PMCID: PMC4962989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide obesity has more than doubled in the last forty years. Even more worrying is the fact that the number of overweight and obese children and adolescents has considerably increased. Socioeconomic development, as well as educational, agricultural and marketing policies have significantly changed dietary and physical activity habits among the youngest, who are thus susceptible to develop chronic and disabling diseases such as diabetes, some cancers and cardiovascular disorders. Adolescence is a critical age, in which the adoption of healthy habits may have dramatic effects on the health state in adulthood. For this reason, prompt interventions are urgently required to prevent the onset of obesity in this time of life. In this regard, the CAL-TAS program from Alicia Foundation was born to combat obesity and promote healthy lifestyles in Spanish adolescents. A total of 2519 students, aged 13–14 years, from 79 schools distributed all over the 17 autonomous communities in Spain were asked to report through the CAL-TAS platform their food intake and physical activity over one week. The body mass index, the consumption of food and beverages, the intake of macronutrients and micronutrients, and the values obtained from the PAQ-A questionnaire, which evaluated physical activity, were analyzed. Twenty percent of the participants were overweight or obese. In general, adolescents did not or poorly respected the recommendations provided by the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition. For example, in more than half of the subjects, the ingestion of fruits and beverages was less than recommended, whereas the consumption of meat, baked goods and fried foods was excessive. Moreover, adolescents with higher body mass index also presented worse eating habits and more inactivity. In conclusion, Spanish adolescents present low adherence to recommendations provided by the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition (SENC) and by the World Health Organization. In order to prevent obesity-related disorders, effective educational programmes have to be designed. Indeed, adolescents and their families should be aware that the early adoption of healthy dietary habits and of a correct physical activity may strongly improve their future quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Roura
- Alicia Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Raimon Milà-Villarroel
- Research group on methodology, methods and models of health and social outcomes; Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
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Müller UM, Walther C, Adams V, Mende M, Adam J, Fikenzer K, Machalica KC, Erbs S, Linke A, Schuler G. Long term impact of one daily unit of physical exercise at school on cardiovascular risk factors in school children. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2016; 23:1444-52. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487316632966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike M Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Centre Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Walther
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Centre Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Volker Adams
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Centre Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Jennifer Adam
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Centre Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kati Fikenzer
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Centre Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katharina C Machalica
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Centre Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandra Erbs
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Centre Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Axel Linke
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Centre Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schuler
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Centre Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Germany
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Todendi PF, Valim ARDM, Reuter CP, Mello EDD, Gaya AR, Burgos MS. Metabolic risk in schoolchildren is associated with low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, obesity, and parents' nutritional profile. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2016; 92:388-93. [PMID: 27207232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Verify the association between metabolic risk profile in students with different levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index, as well as the nutritional status of their parents. METHODS A cross-sectional study comprising 1.254 schoolchildren aged between seven and 17 years. The metabolic risk profile was calculated by summing the standardized values of high density lipoproteins and low density lipoproteins, triglycerides, glucose and systolic blood pressure. The parents' nutritional status was evaluated by self-reported weight and height data, for body mass index calculating. The body mass index of schoolchildren was classified as underweight/normal weight and overweight/obesity. The cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by 9-minute running/walk test, being categorized as fit (good levels) and unfit (low levels). Data were analyzed using prevalence ratio values (PR). RESULTS The data indicates a higher occurrence of developing metabolic risk in schoolchildren whose mother is obese (PR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.23), and even higher for those whose father and mother are obese (PR: 2, 79, 95% CI: 1.41; 5.51). Students who have low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and overweight/obesity have higher occurrence of presenting metabolic risk profile (PR: 5.25; 95% CI: 3.31; 8.16). CONCLUSION the occurrence of developing metabolic risk in schoolchildren increase when they have low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and overweight/obesity, and the presence of parental obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anelise Reis Gaya
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Metabolic risk in schoolchildren is associated with low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, obesity, and parents’ nutritional profile. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Nguyen S, Häcker AL, Henderson M, Barnett T, Mathieu ME, Pagani L, Bigras JL. Physical Activity Programs with Post-Intervention Follow-Up in Children: A Comprehensive Review According to Categories of Intervention. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:E664. [PMID: 27376315 PMCID: PMC4962205 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13070664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Only 9% of Canadian children meet the National Guidelines of 60 min of daily moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity. The aim of this review is to assess the mid- and long-term effectiveness of physical activity interventions and their impact on cardiovascular risk factors in children. We assessed the success of interventions within three different categories: those using a behavioural and social approach, an informational approach or an environmental approach. The average number of children included in these studies was 860 (range of 30-5106); the age range was from 2 to 18 years; and the mean intervention duration was 1607 min (range of 12-8160 min). The length of follow-up post-intervention averaged 13 months (ranging from 0.25 to 96 months). A positive impact on physical activity was found in 74% and on any measured outcomes in 90% of the studies reviewed. However, the benefits of physical activity interventions decreased with longer follow-up. Regardless of the approaches, physical activity interventions improved cardiovascular risk factors. However, the challenge of any program is to maintain beneficial effects once the intervention is completed. These findings will inform the development of future intervention programs in order to optimize sustained cardiovascular benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, CIRCUIT Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
| | | | - Melanie Henderson
- Department of Pediatrics, CIRCUIT Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
- Sainte-Justine UHC Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada.
| | - Tracie Barnett
- Sainte-Justine UHC Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada.
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, INRS-Institute Armand-Frappier, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada.
| | - Marie-Eve Mathieu
- Sainte-Justine UHC Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada.
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
| | - Linda Pagani
- Sainte-Justine UHC Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada.
| | - Jean-Luc Bigras
- Department of Pediatrics, CIRCUIT Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
- Sainte-Justine UHC Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada.
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KOUTSANDRÉOU FLORA, WEGNER MIRKO, NIEMANN CLAUDIA, BUDDE HENNING. Effects of Motor versus Cardiovascular Exercise Training on Children’s Working Memory. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016; 48:1144-52. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Castro Conde A, Marzal Martín D, Dalmau González-Gallarza R, Arrarte Esteban V, Morillas Bueno M, García-Moll Marimón X, Berenguel Senén A, Murga N, Abeytua M. Selección de temas de actualidad en riesgo vascular y rehabilitación cardiaca 2015. Rev Esp Cardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Castro Conde A, Marzal Martín D, Dalmau González-Gallarza R, Arrarte Esteban V, Morillas Bueno M, García-Moll Marimón X, Berenguel Senén A, Murga N, Abeytua M. Vascular Risk and Cardiac Rehabilitation 2015: A Selection of Topical Issues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 69:294-9. [PMID: 26794287 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Castro Conde
- Servicio de Cardiología, Unidad de Rehabilitación Cardiaca, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | - Vicente Arrarte Esteban
- Unidad de Rehabilitación Cardiaca, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Nekane Murga
- Servicio de Cardiología, Sección de Cardiología Clínica, Hospital de Basurto, Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Manuel Abeytua
- Servicio de Cardiología, Unidad de Rehabilitación Cardiaca, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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Costigan SA, Eather N, Plotnikoff RC, Taaffe DR, Pollock E, Kennedy SG, Lubans DR. Preliminary efficacy and feasibility of embedding high intensity interval training into the school day: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Prev Med Rep 2015; 2:973-9. [PMID: 26844177 PMCID: PMC4733031 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Current physical activity and fitness levels among adolescents are low, increasing the risk of chronic disease. Although the efficacy of high intensity interval training (HIIT) for improving metabolic health is now well established, it is not known if this type of activity can be effective to improve adolescent health. The primary aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness and feasibility of embedding HIIT into the school day. A 3-arm pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted in one secondary school in Newcastle, Australia. Participants (n = 65; mean age = 15.8(0.6) years) were randomized into one of three conditions: aerobic exercise program (AEP) (n = 21), resistance and aerobic exercise program (RAP) (n = 22) and control (n = 22). The 8-week intervention consisted of three HIIT sessions per week (8–10 min/session), delivered during physical education (PE) lessons or at lunchtime. Assessments were conducted at baseline and post-intervention to detect changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (multi-stage shuttle-run), muscular fitness (push-up, standing long jump tests), body composition (Body Mass Index (BMI), BMI-z scores, waist circumference) and physical activity motivation (questionnaire), by researchers blinded to treatment allocation. Intervention effects for outcomes were examined using linear mixed models, and Cohen's d effect sizes were reported. Participants in the AEP and RAP groups had moderate intervention effects for waist circumference (p = 0.024), BMI-z (p = 0.037) and BMI (not significant) in comparison to the control group. A small intervention effect was also evident for cardiorespiratory fitness in the RAP group. Both HIIT intervention groups resulted in moderate improvements in body composition. The RAP group resulted in moderate improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness. The intervention dose was practical and achievable for participants and teachers. Teachers reported a willingness to embed HIIT within future PE lessons.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Costigan
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, Faculty of Education & Arts, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - N Eather
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, Faculty of Education & Arts, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - R C Plotnikoff
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, Faculty of Education & Arts, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - D R Taaffe
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Edith Cowan University Health and Wellness Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia; School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of QLD, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - E Pollock
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, Faculty of Education & Arts, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - S G Kennedy
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, Faculty of Education & Arts, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - D R Lubans
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, Faculty of Education & Arts, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Cossu G, Cantone E, Pintus M, Cadoni M, Pisano A, Otten R, Kuijpers R, Pintus E, Sancassiani F, Moro MF, Holzinger A, Mereu A, Preti A, Carta MG. Integrating children with psychiatric disorders in the classroom: a systematic review. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2015; 11:41-57. [PMID: 25834627 PMCID: PMC4378069 DOI: 10.2174/1745017901511010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The school setting may be the optimal context for early screening of and intervention on child mental health problems, because of its large reach and intertwinement with various participants (child, teacher, parent, other community services). But this setting also exposes children to the risk of stigma, peer rejection and social exclusion. This systematic literature review investigates the efficacy of mental health interventions addressed to children and adolescents in school settings, and it evaluates which programs explicitly take into account social inclusion indicators. METHOD Only randomized controlled trials conducted on clinical populations of students and carried out in school settings were selected: 27 studies overall. Most studies applied group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy or Interpersonal Psychotherapy. RESULTS Findings were suggestive of the effectiveness of school-based intervention programs in reducing symptoms of most mental disorders. Some evidence was found about the idea that effective studies on clinical populations may promote the social inclusion of children with an ongoing mental disorder and avoid the risk of being highly stigmatized. CONCLUSION School programs are still needed that implement standardized models with verifiable and evidence-based practices involving the whole school community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cossu
- Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elisa Cantone
- Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mirra Pintus
- Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Michela Cadoni
- Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Anna Pisano
- Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roy Otten
- Radboud University Nijmegen, The Nederlands
| | | | - Elisa Pintus
- Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Sancassiani
- Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Moro
- Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Anita Holzinger
- Medical University of Vienna, Clinical Institute of Pathology, Austria
| | - Alessandra Mereu
- Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Preti
- Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
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Sancassiani F, Pintus E, Holte A, Paulus P, Moro MF, Cossu G, Angermeyer MC, Carta MG, Lindert J. Enhancing the Emotional and Social Skills of the Youth to Promote their Wellbeing and Positive Development: A Systematic Review of Universal School-based Randomized Controlled Trials. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2015; 11:21-40. [PMID: 25834626 PMCID: PMC4378066 DOI: 10.2174/1745017901511010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: The acquisition of social and emotional skills is associated with positive youth development, character education, healthy lifestyle behaviours, reduction in depression and anxiety, conduct disorders, violence, bullying, conflict, and anger. School-based interventions aimed to enhance these skills go beyond a problem-focused approach to embrace a more positive view of health; they could also improve the youth’s wellbeing. Aim: To describe the main features and to establish the effectiveness of universal school-based RCTs for children and the youth, aimed to promote their psychosocial wellbeing, positive development, healthy lifestyle behaviours and/or academic performance by improving their emotional and social skills. Methods: Systematic review by searching for relevant papers in PubMed/Medline with the following key words: “mental health” OR “wellbeing” OR “health promotion” OR “emotional learning” OR “social learning” OR “emotional and social learning” OR “positive youth development” OR “life skills” OR “life skills training” AND “school”. Interval was set from January 2000 to April 2014. Results: 1,984 papers were identified through the search. Out of them 22 RCTs were included. While most interventions were characterized by a whole-school approach and SAFE practices, few studies only used standardized measures to assess outcomes, or had collected follow-up data after ≥ 6 months. The results of all these trials were examined and discussed. Conclusion: Universal school-based RCTs to enhance emotional and social skills showed controversial findings, due to some methodological issues mainly. Nevertheless they show promising outcomes that are relatively far-reaching for children and youth wellbeing and therefore are important in the real world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sancassiani
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elisa Pintus
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Arne Holte
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter Paulus
- Institute of Psychologie & Center for Applied Sciences of Health, Leuphana University Lueneburg, Germany
| | - Maria Francesca Moro
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giulia Cossu
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Matthias C Angermeyer
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Jutta Lindert
- University of Applied Sciences Emden, Emden, Germany; Brandeis University, Waltham, USA
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Cantone E, Piras AP, Vellante M, Preti A, Daníelsdóttir S, D’Aloja E, Lesinskiene S, Angermeyer MC, Carta MG, Bhugra D. Interventions on bullying and cyberbullying in schools: a systematic review. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2015; 11:58-76. [PMID: 25834628 PMCID: PMC4378064 DOI: 10.2174/1745017901511010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background : bullying (and cyberbullying) is a widespread phenomenon among young people and it is used to describe interpersonal relationships characterized by an imbalance of power. In this relationships often show aggressive behavior and intentional "harm doing" repeated over time. The prevalence of bullying among youth has been reported to vary widely among countries (5.1%-41.4%) and this behavior seems generally higher among student boys than girls. Several school interventions have been developed to reduce bullying, but reported inconsistent results possibly related to limitations in the study design or to other methodological shortcomings. Aims : evaluating randomized-controlled trials (RTCs) conducted between 2000 and 2013 to assess the effectiveness of school interventions on bullying and cyberbullying. Methods : a systematic search of the scientific literature was conducted on Pubmed/Medline and Ebsco online databases. We also contacted experts in the field of preventive bullying research. Results : 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies did not show positive effects in the long term; the interventions focused on the whole school were more effective in reducing bullying than interventions delivered through classroom curricula or social skills training alone. Conclusion : while there is evidence that programs aimed at reducing bullying can be effective in the short term, their long-term effectiveness has not been established, and there are important differences in the results based on gender, age and socio-economic status of participants. Internal inconsistency in the findings of some studies, together with the wide variability of experimental designs and lack of common standardized measures in outcome evaluation, are important limitations in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Cantone
- Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Anna P Piras
- Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marcello Vellante
- Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonello Preti
- Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Ernesto D’Aloja
- Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sigita Lesinskiene
- Vilnius University, Clinic of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mathhias C Angermeyer
- Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
- Center for Public Mental Health, Gosim Austria
| | - Mauro G Carta
- Directorate of Health Barónsstíg 47, IS-105 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Dinesh Bhugra
- Institute of Psychiatry (KCL), DeCrespigny Park, London, United Kingdom
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42
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Carta MG, Fiandra TD, Rampazzo L, Contu P, Preti A. An Overview of International Literature on School Interventions to Promote Mental Health and Well-being in Children and Adolescents. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2015; 11:16-20. [PMID: 25834625 PMCID: PMC4378068 DOI: 10.2174/1745017901511010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mental disorders are the largest cause of the burden of disease in the world. Most of the burden affecting adult life has its onset during childhood and adolescence. The European Pact for Mental Health and Wellbeing calls for immediate action and investments in the mental health of children and adolescents. Schools may be the ideal location for promoting health and delivering healthcare services, since schools are a location where young people usually spend their daytime and socialize, schools are easily accessible to families, can provide non-stigmatizing health actions, and form links with the community. Aims and Goals of this Special Issue: This issue is developed within the framework of the Joint Action on Mental Health promoted by the European Commission. This special issue presents a set of systematic reviews on the evidence of the international literature on school interventions for the promotion of the mental health and wellbeing of children and adolescents. It is focused on five topical main areas: promoting general health and wellbeing; programs targeting specific mental disorders and conditions and integration of adolescents with mental health problems; Bullying; Sport; Alcohol and Drugs. An additional paper on the results of the largest epidemiological study conducted in some European countries on the prevalence and relative risk factors of mental disorders in school-age completes the issue. CONCLUSION These reviews are a first contribution to address future European research and interventions, in particular about the multiple ways through which European policies could support the schooling and wellbeing of children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Centro di Psichiatria di Consultazione e Psicosomatica, University Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Address correspondence to this author at the Centro di Psichiatria di Consultazione e Psicosomatica, University Hospital, Cagliari, Italy: Tel: +39/070/6093495; E-mail
| | - Teresa Di Fiandra
- Regione Veneto, Italy This work was supported by Italian Collaborating Unit of the VII work package of the European Joint Action on Mental Health
| | - Lorenzo Rampazzo
- talian Ministry of Health This work was supported by Italian Collaborating Unit of the VII work package of the European Joint Action on Mental Health
| | - Paolo Contu
- Centro di Psichiatria di Consultazione e Psicosomatica, University Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Preti
- Centro di Psichiatria di Consultazione e Psicosomatica, University Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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