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Shahab M, Zheng G, Alshabrmi FM, Bourhia M, Wondmie GF, Mohammad Salamatullah A. Exploring potent aldose reductase inhibitors for anti-diabetic (anti-hyperglycemic) therapy: integrating structure-based drug design, and MMGBSA approaches. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1271569. [PMID: 38053577 PMCID: PMC10694256 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1271569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AR) is an important target in the development of therapeutics against hyper-glycemia-induced health complications such as retinopathy, etc. In this study, we employed a combination of structure-based drug design, molecular simulation, and free energy calculation approaches to identify potential hit molecules against anti-diabetic (anti-hyperglycemic)-induced health complications. The 3D structure of aldoreductase was screened for multiple compound libraries (1,00,000 compounds) and identified as ZINC35671852, ZINC78774792 from the ZINC database, Diamino-di nitro-methyl dioctyl phthalate, and Penta-o-galloyl-glucose from the South African natural compounds database, and Bisindolylmethane thiosemi-carbazides and Bisindolylme-thane-hydrazone from the Inhouse database for this study. The mode of binding interactions of the selected compounds later predicted their aldose reductase inhibitory potential. These com-pounds interact with the key active site residues through hydrogen bonds, salt bridges, and π-π interactions. The structural dynamics and binding free energy results further revealed that these compounds possess stable dynamics with excellent binding free energy scores. The structures of the lead inhibitors can serve as templates for developing novel inhibitors, and in vitro testing to confirm their anti-diabetic potential is warranted. The current study is the first to design small molecule inhibitors for the aldoreductase protein that can be used in the development of therapeutic agents to treat diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahab
- State Key Laboratories of Chemical Resources Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Guojun Zheng
- State Key Laboratories of Chemical Resources Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Fahad M. Alshabrmi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | | | - Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Zhao X, Bie LY, Pang DR, Li X, Yang LF, Chen DD, Wang YR, Gao Y. The role of autophagy in the treatment of type II diabetes and its complications: a review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1228045. [PMID: 37810881 PMCID: PMC10551182 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1228045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by prolonged hyperglycemia and insulin resistance (IR). Its incidence is increasing annually, posing a significant threat to human life and health. Consequently, there is an urgent requirement to discover effective drugs and investigate the pathogenesis of T2DM. Autophagy plays a crucial role in maintaining normal islet structure. However, in a state of high glucose, autophagy is inhibited, resulting in impaired islet function, insulin resistance, and complications. Studies have shown that modulating autophagy through activation or inhibition can have a positive impact on the treatment of T2DM and its complications. However, it is important to note that the specific regulatory mechanisms vary depending on the target organ. This review explores the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of T2DM, taking into account both genetic and external factors. It also provides a summary of reported chemical drugs and traditional Chinese medicine that target the autophagic pathway for the treatment of T2DM and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lu-Yao Bie
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dao-Ran Pang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Long-Fei Yang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dan-Dan Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yue-Rui Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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3
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An Y, Xu BT, Wan SR, Ma XM, Long Y, Xu Y, Jiang ZZ. The role of oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:237. [PMID: 37660030 PMCID: PMC10475205 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01965-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by long-term hyperglycaemia, which leads to microangiopathy and macroangiopathy and ultimately increases the mortality of diabetic patients. Endothelial dysfunction, which has been recognized as a key factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy and macroangiopathy, is characterized by a reduction in NO bioavailability. Oxidative stress, which is the main pathogenic factor in diabetes, is one of the major triggers of endothelial dysfunction through the reduction in NO. In this review, we summarize the four sources of ROS in the diabetic vasculature and the underlying molecular mechanisms by which the pathogenic factors hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, adipokines and insulin resistance induce oxidative stress in endothelial cells in the context of diabetes. In addition, we discuss oxidative stress-targeted interventions, including hypoglycaemic drugs, antioxidants and lifestyle interventions, and their effects on diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction. In summary, our review provides comprehensive insight into the roles of oxidative stress in diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying An
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Bu-Tuo Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Sheng-Rong Wan
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Yang Long
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
| | - Zong-Zhe Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
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Peng G, Yan J, Chen L, Li L. Glycometabolism reprogramming: Implications for cardiovascular diseases. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 179:26-37. [PMID: 36963725 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Glycometabolism is well known for its roles as the main source of energy, which mainly includes three metabolic pathways: oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway. The orderly progress of glycometabolism is the basis for the maintenance of cardiovascular function. However, upon exposure to harmful stimuli, the intracellular glycometabolism changes or tends to shift toward another glycometabolism pathway more suitable for its own development and adaptation. This shift away from the normal glycometabolism is also known as glycometabolism reprogramming, which is commonly related to the occurrence and aggravation of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we elucidate the physiological role of glycometabolism in the cardiovascular system and summarize the mechanisms by which glycometabolism drives cardiovascular diseases, including diabetes, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, atherosclerosis, and pulmonary hypertension. Collectively, directing GMR back to normal glycometabolism might provide a therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolong Peng
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Jialong Yan
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Lanfang Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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5
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Mhaldar SN, Kotkar GD, Tilve SG. Synthetic access to Syn-functionalised chiral hydroxy pyrrolidines and pyrrolidones: Evaluation of α-glucosidase inhibition activity, docking studies and pharmacokinetics prediction. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Kılınç N. Resorcinol Derivatives as Novel Aldose Reductase Inhibitors: In Silico and
In Vitro Evaluation. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180819666220414103203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The polyol pathway, an alternative way of carbohydrate metabolism, is activated
by hyperglycemia. Aldose reductase (AR), the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the polyol pathway, is
responsible for the reduction of glucose to sorbitol. Inhibiting the aldose reductase enzyme and reducing
the polyol pathway is considered an effective method to prevent and postpone the onset of diabetic complications.
Objective:
Therefore, in this work, we investigate the inhibition effects of certain resorcinol derivatives
and the positive control compound quercetin on the AR enzyme in vitro and in silico. These phenolic
compounds, whose inhibitory effects on the AR enzyme were investigated, were also compared with
known drugs in terms of their drug-like characteristics.
Methods:
Three methods were used to determine the inhibitory effects of resorcinol derivatives on recombinant
human AR enzyme. After the in vitro inhibition effects were determined spectrophotometrically,
the binding energy and binding modes were determined by molecular docking method. Finally, the
MM-GBSA method was used to determine the free binding energies of the inhibitors for the AR enzyme.
Results:
5-pentylresorcinol compound showed the strongest inhibition effect on recombinant human AR
enzyme with an IC50 value of 9.90 μM. The IC50 values of resorcinol, 5-methylresorcinol, 4-
ethylresorcinol, 4-hexylresorcinol, 2-methylresorcinol, and 2,5-dimethylresorcinol compounds were determined
as 49.50 μM, 43.31 μM, 19.25 μM, 17.32 μM, 28.87 μM, 57.75 μM, respectively.
Conclusion:
The results of this research showed that resorcinol compounds are effective AR inhibitors.
These findings are supported by molecular docking, molecular mechanics, and ADME investigations
undertaken to corroborate the experimental in vitro results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namık Kılınç
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Service, Igdir University, Igdir, Turkey
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Role of Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040784. [PMID: 35453469 PMCID: PMC9030255 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a redox disease. Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation induce a switch of metabolic homeostatic set points, leading to glucose intolerance. Several diabetes-specific mechanisms contribute to prominent oxidative distress in the heart, resulting in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Mitochondrial overproduction of reactive oxygen species in diabetic subjects is not only caused by intracellular hyperglycemia in the microvasculature but is also the result of increased fatty oxidation and lipotoxicity in cardiomyocytes. Mitochondrial overproduction of superoxide anion radicals induces, via inhibition of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, an increased polyol pathway flux, increased formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGE) and activation of the receptor for AGE (RAGE), activation of protein kinase C isoforms, and an increased hexosamine pathway flux. These pathways not only directly contribute to diabetic cardiomyopathy but are themselves a source of additional reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species and oxidative distress lead to cell dysfunction and cellular injury not only via protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and oxidative changes in microRNAs but also via activation of stress-sensitive pathways and redox regulation. Investigations in animal models of diabetic cardiomyopathy have consistently demonstrated that increased expression of the primary antioxidant enzymes attenuates myocardial pathology and improves cardiac function.
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8
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Zhang Y, Yan Z, Liu H, Li L, Yuan C, Qin L, Cai L, Liu J, Hu Y, Cui Y. Sorbitol accumulation decreases oocyte quality in aged mice by altering the intracellular redox balance. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:25291-25303. [PMID: 34897034 PMCID: PMC8714154 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sorbitol is a product of glucose metabolism through the polyol pathway. Many studies have demonstrated that excessive sorbitol can disrupt the intracellular redox balance. However, we still know very little about the impact of excessive intracellular sorbitol on oocyte quality, oocyte maturation, and embryo developmental potential. This study explored whether intracellular sorbitol accumulates in the oocytes of aged mice during in vitro maturation (IVM) and what roles sorbitol plays in oocyte development and maturation. Our results showed that sorbitol levels were significantly higher in in vitro-matured oocytes from aged mice than in oocytes from young mice (14.08 ± 3.78 vs. 0.23 ± 0.04 ng/oocyte). The expression of aldose reductase (AR) mRNA was significantly higher in the in vitro-cultured oocytes from 9-month-old mice than prior to culture. To decrease the excessive intracellular sorbitol in oocytes from aged mice, sorbinil, a specific inhibitor of aldose reductase, was supplemented in IVM medium, and the sorbitol level was significantly decreased (14.08 ± 3.78 vs. 0.48 ± 0.19 ng/oocyte). Our results indicated that the percentage of oocytes with first polar body extrusion (PBE) was significantly higher in the sorbinil group than in the aged group (82.4% ± 7.2% vs. 66.1% ± 6.9%), and the content of sorbitol was drastically increased in the aged group. The ROS fluorescence intensity in the sorbinil group was drastically lower than that in the aged group, while the GSH fluorescence intensity was significantly higher. Interestingly, SOD1 was upregulated in the sorbinil group. The present study suggests that excessive sorbitol accumulation is induced during IVM in aged mouse oocytes, which negatively influences oocyte quality by altering the intracellular redox balance. Inhibition of sorbitol accumulation may be a potential method to improve the nuclear maturation of aged oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhengjie Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hanwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lingjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lianju Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lingbo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiayin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanqiu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yugui Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
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Toumi A, Boudriga S, Hamden K, Sobeh M, Cheurfa M, Askri M, Knorr M, Strohmann C, Brieger L. Synthesis, antidiabetic activity and molecular docking study of rhodanine-substitued spirooxindole pyrrolidine derivatives as novel α-amylase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 106:104507. [PMID: 33288322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In a sustained search for novel α-amylase inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), we report herein the synthesis of a series of nineteen novel rhodanine-fused spiro[pyrrolidine-2,3'-oxindoles]. They were obtained by one-pot three component [3 + 2] cycloaddition of stabilized azomethine ylides, generated in situ by condensation of glycine methyl ester and the cyclic ketones 1H-indole-2,3-dione (isatin), with (Z)-5-arylidine-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-ones. The highlight of this protocol is the efficient high-yield construction of structurally diverse rhodanine-fused spiro[pyrrolidine-2,3'-oxindoles] scaffolds, including four contiguous stereocenters, along with excellent regio- and diastereoselectivities. The stereochemistry of all compounds was confirmed by NMR and corroborated by an X-ray diffraction study performed on one derivative. All cycloadducts were evaluated in vitro for their α-amylase inhibitory activity and showed good α-amylase inhibition with IC50 values ranging between 1.49 ± 0.10 and 3.06 ± 0.17 µM, with respect to the control drug acarbose (IC50 = 1.56 µM). Structural activity relationships (SARs) were also established for all synthesized compounds and the binding interactions of the most active spiropyrrolidine derivatives were modelledby means of molecular insilico docking studies. The most potent compounds 5 g, 5 k, 5 s and 5 l were further screened in vivo for their hypoglycemic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic rats, showing a reduction of the blood glucose level. Therefore, these spiropyrrolidine derivatives may be considered as promising candidates for the development of new classes of antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Toumi
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry Natural product and Reactivity/CHPNR, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sarra Boudriga
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry Natural product and Reactivity/CHPNR, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Hamden
- Laboratory of Bioresources: Integrative Biology and Valorization, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- AgroBioSciences Research Division, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660-Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben-Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Cheurfa
- AgroBioSciences Research Division, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660-Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben-Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Moheddine Askri
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry Natural product and Reactivity/CHPNR, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Michael Knorr
- Institut UTINAM - UMR CNRS 6213, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France.
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Anorganische Chemie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lukas Brieger
- Technische Universität Dortmund, Anorganische Chemie, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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Kadosh BS, Garshick MS, Gaztanaga J, Moore KJ, Newman JD, Pillinger M, Ramasamy R, Reynolds HR, Shah B, Hochman J, Fishman GI, Katz SD. COVID-19 and the Heart and Vasculature: Novel Approaches to Reduce Virus-Induced Inflammation in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:2045-2053. [PMID: 32687400 PMCID: PMC7446967 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents an unprecedented challenge and opportunity for translational investigators to rapidly develop safe and effective therapeutic interventions. Greater risk of severe disease in COVID-19 patients with comorbid diabetes mellitus, obesity, and heart disease may be attributable to synergistic activation of vascular inflammation pathways associated with both COVID-19 and cardiometabolic disease. This mechanistic link provides a scientific framework for translational studies of drugs developed for treatment of cardiometabolic disease as novel therapeutic interventions to mitigate inflammation and improve outcomes in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard S. Kadosh
- From the Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (B.S.K., M.S.G., K.J.M., J.D.N., R.R., H.R.R., J.H., G.I.F., S.D.K.)
| | - Michael S. Garshick
- From the Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (B.S.K., M.S.G., K.J.M., J.D.N., R.R., H.R.R., J.H., G.I.F., S.D.K.)
| | - Juan Gaztanaga
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Cardiology, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola (J.G.)
| | - Kathryn J. Moore
- From the Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (B.S.K., M.S.G., K.J.M., J.D.N., R.R., H.R.R., J.H., G.I.F., S.D.K.)
| | - Jonathan D. Newman
- From the Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (B.S.K., M.S.G., K.J.M., J.D.N., R.R., H.R.R., J.H., G.I.F., S.D.K.)
| | - Michael Pillinger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, New York, NY (M.P.)
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Department of Medicine (M.P., B.S.)
| | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- From the Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (B.S.K., M.S.G., K.J.M., J.D.N., R.R., H.R.R., J.H., G.I.F., S.D.K.)
| | - Harmony R. Reynolds
- From the Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (B.S.K., M.S.G., K.J.M., J.D.N., R.R., H.R.R., J.H., G.I.F., S.D.K.)
| | - Binita Shah
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Department of Medicine (M.P., B.S.)
| | - Judith Hochman
- From the Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (B.S.K., M.S.G., K.J.M., J.D.N., R.R., H.R.R., J.H., G.I.F., S.D.K.)
| | - Glenn I. Fishman
- From the Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (B.S.K., M.S.G., K.J.M., J.D.N., R.R., H.R.R., J.H., G.I.F., S.D.K.)
| | - Stuart D. Katz
- From the Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine (B.S.K., M.S.G., K.J.M., J.D.N., R.R., H.R.R., J.H., G.I.F., S.D.K.)
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11
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Xu N, Jiang S, Persson PB, Persson EAG, Lai EY, Patzak A. Reactive oxygen species in renal vascular function. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 229:e13477. [PMID: 32311827 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by the aerobic metabolism. The imbalance between production of ROS and antioxidant defence in any cell compartment is associated with cell damage and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of renal disease. NADPH oxidase (NOX) family is the major ROS source in the vasculature and modulates renal perfusion. Upregulation of Ang II and adenosine activates NOX via AT1R and A1R in renal microvessels, leading to superoxide production. Oxidative stress in the kidney prompts renal vascular remodelling and increases preglomerular resistance. These are key elements in hypertension, acute and chronic kidney injury, as well as diabetic nephropathy. Renal afferent arterioles (Af), the primary resistance vessel in the kidney, fine tune renal hemodynamics and impact on blood pressure. Vice versa, ROS increase hypertension and diabetes, resulting in upregulation of Af vasoconstriction, enhancement of myogenic responses and change of tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF), which further promotes hypertension and diabetic nephropathy. In the following, we highlight oxidative stress in the function and dysfunction of renal hemodynamics. The renal microcirculatory alterations brought about by ROS importantly contribute to the pathophysiology of kidney injury, hypertension and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xu
- Department of Physiology Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Physiology Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Pontus B. Persson
- Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Institute of Vegetative Physiology Berlin Germany
| | | | - En Yin Lai
- Department of Physiology Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
- Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Institute of Vegetative Physiology Berlin Germany
| | - Andreas Patzak
- Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health Institute of Vegetative Physiology Berlin Germany
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12
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Fan L, Cacicedo JM, Ido Y. Impaired nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) metabolism in diabetes and diabetic tissues: Implications for nicotinamide-related compound treatment. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:1403-1419. [PMID: 32428995 PMCID: PMC7610120 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the biochemical abnormalities found in diabetic tissues is a decrease in the cytosolic oxidized to reduced forms of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ratio (NAD+/NADH also known as pseudohypoxia) caused by oxidation of excessive substrates (glucose through the polyol pathway, free fatty acids and lactate). Subsequently, a decline in NAD+ levels as a result of the activation of poly adenine nucleotide diphosphate‐ribose polymerase (mainly in type 1 diabetes) or the inhibition of adenine nucleotide monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (in type 2 diabetes). Thus, replenishment of NAD+ levels by nicotinamide‐related compounds could be beneficial. However, these compounds also increase nicotinamide catabolites that cause oxidative stress. This is particularly troublesome for patients with diabetes, because they have impaired nicotinamide salvage pathway reactions at the level of nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate, which occurs by the following mechanisms. First, phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthesis from pentose phosphate pathway is compromised by a decrease in plasma thiamine and transketolase activity. Second, nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase expression is decreased because of reduced adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase activity, which occurs in type 2 diabetes. The adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase inhibition is caused by an activation of protein kinase C and D1 as a result of enhanced diacylglycerol synthesis caused by pseudohypoxia and increased fatty acids levels. In this regard, nicotinamide‐related compounds should be given with caution to treat diabetes. To minimize the risk and maximize the benefit, nicotinamide‐related compounds should be taken with insulin sensitizers (for type 2 diabetes), polyphenols, benfotiamine, acetyl‐L‐carnitine and aldose reductase inhibitors. The efficacy of these regimens can be monitored by measuring serum NAD+ and urinary nicotinamide catabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Fan
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jose M Cacicedo
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yasuo Ido
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Zhou Y, Yan P, He M, Hong L, Cao Q. Hyphenated chromatography detection and compound-target-disease investigation on herb-pair Chuanxiong Rhizoma - Xiangfu Rhizoma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 243:112125. [PMID: 31369833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE The combination of Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., umbelliferae) with Xiangfu Rhizoma (the rhizoma of Cyperus rotundus L., Cyperaceae), is deemed as CR-XR herb-pair (Yaodui) in China. Their compatible mechanism needs a further research using modern analytical techniques and bioinformatic tool. METHODS Head Space- Solid Phase Micro Extraction coupled with Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer detection (HS-SPME-GC/MS) and Liquid Chromatography coupled to quadrupole Time of Flight - Mass Spectrometry (LC-qTOF-MS) were applied in an accurate identification of the absorbed phytochemicals in mice serum; Their potential targets were available after compound-protein interaction (CPI) prediction and molecular docking verification; Then the corresponding disease types, as well as the relevant Traditional Chinese Medicine (Zhongyi) syndromes (Zheng), were matched from databases and references. RESULTS Resolution from hyphenated chromatographic datasets, thirty-eight phytochemicals were detected in serum samples from mice. Seventy potential target proteins were thereby found through a bioinformatic calculation, which mainly focused on circulatory, endocrine and nervous diseases in Western medicine, also related with Qizhi and Xueyu Zheng from the perspective of Zhongyi. Part of the relationships among compound-Target-Disease have been confirmed by literatures. These virtual data were sketched out as 'The active Compound - potential Target' network, 'Target - Disease' network and 'Target - Zhongyi Disease' network, in which the network topology was used to analyze them. CONCLUSIONS Our work successfully explained the compatible mechanism of CR-XR Yaodui, which exert 'multi-components, multi targets' in treating Qizhi and Xueyu Zheng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Min He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liang Hong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China
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14
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Huang Q, Liu Q, Ouyang D. Sorbinil, an Aldose Reductase Inhibitor, in Fighting Against Diabetic Complications. Med Chem 2019; 15:3-7. [PMID: 29792152 DOI: 10.2174/1573406414666180524082445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aldose reductase (AR) is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes, which is one of the major threats to global public health. OBJECTIVE In this review article, we have discussed the role of sorbinil, an AR inhibitor (ARI), in preventing diabetic complications. RESULTS AR contributes in diabetes by generating excess intracellular superoxide and other mediators of oxidative stress through polyol pathway. Inhibition of AR activity thus might be a potential approach for the management of diabetic complications. Experimental evidences indicated that sorbinil can decrease AR activity and inhibit polyol pathway. Both in vitro and animal model studies reported the efficacy of sorbinil in controlling the progression of diabetes. Moreover, Sorbinil has been found to be comparatively safer than other ARIs for human use. But, it is still in earlyphase testing for the treatment of diabetic complications clinically. CONCLUSION Sorbinil is an effective ARI, which could play therapeutic role in treating diabetes and diabetic complications. However, advanced clinical trials are required for sorbinil so that it could be applied with the lowest efficacious dose in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Dongsheng Ouyang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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15
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Yuan C, Hu J, Parathath S, Grauer L, Cassella CB, Bagdasarov S, Goldberg IJ, Ramasamy R, Fisher EA. Human Aldose Reductase Expression Prevents Atherosclerosis Regression in Diabetic Mice. Diabetes 2018; 67:1880-1891. [PMID: 29891593 PMCID: PMC6110315 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Guidelines to reduce cardiovascular risk in diabetes include aggressive LDL lowering, but benefits are attenuated compared with those in patients without diabetes. Consistent with this, we have reported in mice that hyperglycemia impaired atherosclerosis regression. Aldose reductase (AR) is thought to contribute to clinical complications of diabetes by directing glucose into pathways producing inflammatory metabolites. Mice have low levels of AR, thus raising them to human levels would be a more clinically relevant model to study changes in diabetes under atherosclerosis regression conditions. Donor aortae from Western diet-fed Ldlr-/- mice were transplanted into normolipidemic wild-type, Ins2Akita (Akita+/- , insulin deficient), human AR (hAR) transgenic, or Akita+/- /hAR mice. Akita+/- mice had impaired plaque regression as measured by changes in plaque size and the contents of CD68+ cells (macrophages), lipids, and collagen. Supporting synergy between hyperglycemia and hAR were the even more pronounced changes in these parameters in Akita+/- /hAR mice, which had atherosclerosis progression in spite of normolipidemia. Plaque CD68+ cells from the Akita+/- /hAR mice had increased oxidant stress and expression of inflammation-associated genes but decreased expression of anti-inflammatory genes. In summary, hAR expression amplifies impaired atherosclerosis regression in diabetic mice, likely by interfering with the expected reduction in plaque macrophage inflammation.
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MESH Headings
- Aldehyde Reductase/genetics
- Aldehyde Reductase/metabolism
- Animals
- Aorta/physiopathology
- Aorta/transplantation
- Atherosclerosis/immunology
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/physiopathology
- Biomarkers/blood
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Crosses, Genetic
- Diabetic Angiopathies/immunology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Angiopathies/pathology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/physiopathology
- Diet, Western/adverse effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Oxidative Stress
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/immunology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/metabolism
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/pathology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/physiopathology
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/metabolism
- Species Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- Chujun Yuan
- Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology Program, Leon Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Jiyuan Hu
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Saj Parathath
- Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology Program, Leon Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Lisa Grauer
- Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology Program, Leon Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Courtney Blachford Cassella
- Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology Program, Leon Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Svetlana Bagdasarov
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Edward A Fisher
- Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology Program, Leon Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
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16
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Xiong M, Huang Y, Liu Y, Huang M, Song G, Ming Q, Ma X, Yang J, Deng S, Wen Y, Shen J, Liu QH, Zhao P, Yang X. Antidiabetic Activity of Ergosterol from Pleurotus Ostreatus in KK-A y Mice with Spontaneous Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62. [PMID: 29080247 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The number of people with diabetes is increasing rapidly in the world. In the present study, the hypoglycemic activity and potential mechanism of ergosterol (ERG), a phytosterol derived from the edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus are investigated in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS ERG is isolated from Pleurotus ostreatus and identified by NMR spectra. The effects of ERG on the glucose uptake, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation, GLUT4 expression, and the phosphorylation of AMPK, Akt and PKC in L6 cells are evaluated. ERG enhances glucose uptake and displays a GLUT4 translocation activity with up-regulating GLUT4 expression and phosphorylation of Akt and PKC in L6 cells. In vivo, antidiabetic activity of ERG is examined. The phosphorylation of Akt and PKC in different tissues from KK-Ay mice is assessed. ERG significantly improves insulin resistance and blood lipid indices while reducing fasting blood glucose levels and protecting pancreas and liver in the mice. Moreover, the phosphorylation of Akt and PKC is increased in different tissues. CONCLUSION The results suggest that ERG may be a potential hypoglycemic agent for the treatment of T2DM with the probable mechanism of stimulating GLUT4 translocation and expression modulated by the PI3K/Akt pathway and PKC pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui Xiong
- School of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajing Liu
- School of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Mi Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Guanjun Song
- School of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Ming
- School of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinhua Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Shihao Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanzhang Wen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinhua Shen
- School of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing-Hua Liu
- School of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinzhou Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
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17
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Chang KC, Petrash JM. Aldo-Keto Reductases: Multifunctional Proteins as Therapeutic Targets in Diabetes and Inflammatory Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1032:173-202. [PMID: 30362099 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-98788-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AR) is an NADPH-dependent aldo-keto reductase that has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of several blinding diseases such as uveitis, diabetic retinopathy (DR) and cataract. However, possible mechanisms linking the action of AR to these diseases are not well understood. As DR and cataract are among the leading causes of blindness in the world, there is an urgent need to explore therapeutic strategies to prevent or delay their onset. Studies with AR inhibitors and gene-targeted mice have demonstrated that the action of AR is also linked to cancer onset and progression. In this review we examine possible mechanisms that relate AR to molecular signaling cascades and thus explain why AR inhibition is an effective strategy against colon cancer as well as diseases of the eye such as uveitis, cataract, and retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Che Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - J Mark Petrash
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
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18
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Pal PB, Sonowal H, Shukla K, Srivastava SK, Ramana KV. Aldose Reductase Mediates NLRP3 Inflammasome-Initiated Innate Immune Response in Hyperglycemia-Induced Thp1 Monocytes and Male Mice. Endocrinology 2017; 158:3661-3675. [PMID: 28938395 PMCID: PMC5659696 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent studies that show oxidative stress-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated innate immune response in various diabetic complications, the mechanism by which ROS activate innate immune response is not well understood. We have shown previously that aldose reductase (AR), besides reducing glucose, reduces lipid aldehydes and their glutathione conjugates and participates in various oxidative stress-induced inflammatory pathways. To understand the role of AR in ROS-induced innate immune response, we have investigated the mechanism(s) by which AR activates hyperglycemia-induced NLRP3 inflammsome-initiated innate immune response in Thp1 monocytes and in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. In Thp1 monocytes, inhibition or ablation of AR prevented high-glucose-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase-1 and release of the innate immune cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. AR inhibition in Thp1 cells also prevented the high-glucose-induced generation of ROS, influx of Ca2+, efflux of K+, and activation of Lyn, Syk, and PI3K. Furthermore, the AR inhibitor fidarestat prevented the expression of NLRP inflammasome components in STZ-induced diabetic mouse heart and aorta, and also prevented the release of various cytokines in the serum. Collectively, our data suggest that AR regulates hyperglycemia-induced NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated innate immune response by altering the ROS/Lyn/Syk/PI3K/Ca2+/K+ signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pabitra B. Pal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555
| | - Himangshu Sonowal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555
| | - Kirtikar Shukla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555
| | - Satish K. Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555
| | - Kota V. Ramana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555
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19
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Wu J, Li X, Wan W, Yang Q, Ma W, Chen D, Hu J, Chen CYO, Wei X. Gigantol from Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl. binds and inhibits aldose reductase gene to exert its anti-cataract activity: An in vitro mechanistic study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 198:255-261. [PMID: 28104409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dendrobium. chrysotoxum Lindl is a commonly used species of medicinal Dendrobium which belongs to the family of Orchidaceae, locally known as "Shihu" or "Huangcao". D. chrysotoxum Lindl is widely known for medicinal values in traditional Chinese medicine as it possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic induction, antitumor and antioxidant properties. STUDY AIM To characterize the interaction between gigantol extracted from D. chrysotoxum Lindl and the AR gene, and determine gigantol's efficacy against cataractogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) were induced by glucose as the model group. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to assess AR gene expression. Then, the mode of interaction of gigantol with the AR gene was evaluated by UV-visible spectroscopy, atomic force microscope (AFM) and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The binding constant was determined by UV-visible. RESULTS Gigantol depressed AR gene expression in HLECs. UV-visible spectra preliminarily indicated that interaction between the AR gene and gigantol may follow the groove mode, with a binding constant of 1.85×103L/mol. Atomic force microscope (AFM) data indicated that gigantol possibly bound to insert AR gene base pairs of the double helix. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) studies further supported these observations. CONCLUSION Gigantol extracted from D. chrysotoxum Lindl not only has inhibitory effects on aldose reductase, but also inhibits AR gene expression. These findings provide a more comprehensive theoretical basis for the use of Dendrobium for the treatment of diabetic cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wencheng Wan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiaohong Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weifeng Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dan Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiangmiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - C-Y Oliver Chen
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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20
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Acute metabolic and endocrine responses induced by glucose and fructose in healthy young subjects: A double-blinded, randomized, crossover trial. Clin Nutr 2017; 37:459-470. [PMID: 28202270 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE A rise in fructose consumption has been implicated in the etiology of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Serum uric acid (UA) elevates after fructose ingestion, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the impact of fructose ingestion on nitric oxide (NO) has not yet been confirmed. The aim of this study was to investigate the postprandial metabolic and endocrine responses following an acute ingestion of fructose and glucose in healthy subjects. METHOD This was a double-blinded, randomized, crossover postprandial trial. Eighteen healthy young subjects (9 males and 9 females) with a mean age of 23.6 ± 2.3 years and mean BMI of 20.2 ± 1.5 kg/m2 completed the experiment that was conducted in Hangzhou, China. Volunteers were randomized to two groups (A and B): after an 8-h overnight fast, volunteers either ingested 300 mL of 25% glucose (group A) or fructose (group B) solution at 0830 within 5 min. After a one-week washout period, volunteers were crossed over to receive the alternate test solution. Blood pressure was measured at 0 h, 1 h, 2 h and 3 h and venous blood was drawn at 0 h, 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h and 3 h after ingestion of the test solution. RESULTS Eighteen subjects completed the study. Serum NO level tended to be lower at 1 h (59.40 ± 3.10 μmol/L and 68.1 ± 3.40 μmol/L, respectively, p ≤ 0.05) and 2 h (62.70 ± 3.10 μmol/L and 70.10 ± 3.50 μmol/L, respectively, p ≤ 0.05) after fructose ingestion than after glucose. The 3-h AUC (area under curve) of NO was significantly lower after fructose ingestion than after glucose (p ≤ 0.05). UA level was higher at 1 h (512.17 ± 17.74 μmol/L and 372.11 ± 17.41 μmol/L, respectively, p ≤ 0.01) and 2 h (440.22 ± 16.07 μmol/L and 357.39 ± 14.80 μmol/L, respectively, p ≤ 0.05) after fructose ingestion than after glucose. The 3-h AUC of UA was significantly higher after fructose ingestion than after glucose (p ≤ 0.01). Correlation analyses revealed that NO was negatively associated with UA at T0.5h (r = -0.62, p ≤ 0.01), T1.0h (r = -0.69, p ≤ 0.001), T2.0h (r = -0.86, p ≤ 0.001) and T3.0h (r = -0.85, p ≤ 0.001) after fructose ingestion. SBP (systolic blood pressure) tended to be higher at 1 h (125.33 ± 1.95 mmHg and 112.06 ± 1.77 mmHg, respectively, p ≤ 0.05) after fructose ingestion than after glucose. The 3-h AUC of SBP was significantly higher after fructose ingestion than after glucose (p ≤ 0.05). The 3 h-AUC of TG, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C showed no differences between fructose and glucose. LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) level was higher at 1 h (195.00 ± 5.6 U/L and 177.67 ± 6.8 U/L, respectively, p ≤ 0.05) and 2 h (197.01 ± 6.32 U/L and 185.50 ± 7.37 U/L, respectively, p ≤ 0.05) after fructose ingestion than after glucose. The 3-h AUC of LDH was significantly higher after fructose ingestion than after glucose (p ≤ 0.05). AR was significantly higher at 1 h (19.86 ± 0.52 ng/mg Hb and 16.98 ± 0.29 ng/mg Hb, respectively, p ≤ 0.05) after fructose ingestion than after glucose. The 3-h AUC of AR (p ≤ 0.05) was significantly higher after fructose ingestion than after glucose (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION Ingestion of a 75 g fructose load led to acute but unfavorable changes in certain metabolic and endocrine responses including increased serum concentrations and 3 h-AUC of UA, AR and LDH, increased SBP, and decreased endothelial NO production when compared with the same amount of ingested glucose.
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Yang J, Gong X, Fang L, Fan Q, Cai L, Qiu X, Zhang B, Chang J, Lu Y. Potential of CeCl 3@mSiO 2 nanoparticles in alleviating diabetic cataract development and progression. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:1147-1155. [PMID: 28065730 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cataract is a major cause of visual impairment for diabetic patients. It is imperative to develop efficient therapeutic agents against diabetic cataract (DC) because diabetes confers higher risk for complications after cataract surgery. We have previously reported the role of CeCl3 loaded mesoporous silica (CeCl3@mSiO2) nanoparticles in reducing the oxidative stress of lens epithelial cells. However, the potential of CeCl3@mSiO2 in preventing diabetic cataract development remains unclear. In this study, we applied CeCl3@mSiO2 nanoparticles with a size of 87.6±8.9nm to streptozotocin-induced diabetic cataract rat model by intraperitoneal injection. Our results showed that CeCl3@mSiO2 efficiently ameliorated the progression of DC. Consistent with antioxidant effect of CeCl3@mSiO2in vitro, administration of CeCl3@mSiO2 significantly abrogated hyperglycemia-mediated upregulation of advanced glycation end products, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation in animal lens. Taken together, our study provides a potential nanodrug to manage the development of DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Myopia Key Laboratory of Health PR China, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqun Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin Engineering Center of Micro-Nano Biomaterials and Detection-Treatment Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, China.
| | - Lei Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin Engineering Center of Micro-Nano Biomaterials and Detection-Treatment Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Myopia Key Laboratory of Health PR China, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Myopia Key Laboratory of Health PR China, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodi Qiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Myopia Key Laboratory of Health PR China, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin Engineering Center of Micro-Nano Biomaterials and Detection-Treatment Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Chang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin Engineering Center of Micro-Nano Biomaterials and Detection-Treatment Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, China.
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Myopia Key Laboratory of Health PR China, Shanghai, China.
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Timucin AC, Basaga H. SIRT6 Is a Positive Regulator of Aldose Reductase Expression in U937 and HeLa cells under Osmotic Stress: In Vitro and In Silico Insights. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161494. [PMID: 27536992 PMCID: PMC4990240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
SIRT6 is a protein deacetylase, involved in various intracellular processes including suppression of glycolysis and DNA repair. Aldose Reductase (AR), first enzyme of polyol pathway, was proposed to be indirectly associated to these SIRT6 linked processes. Despite these associations, presence of SIRT6 based regulation of AR still remains ambiguous. Thus, regulation of AR expression by SIRT6 was investigated under hyperosmotic stress. A unique model of osmotic stress in U937 cells was used to demonstrate the presence of a potential link between SIRT6 and AR expression. By overexpressing SIRT6 in HeLa cells under hyperosmotic stress, its role on upregulation of AR was revealed. In parallel, increased SIRT6 activity was shown to upregulate AR in U937 cells under hyperosmotic milieu by using pharmacological modulators. Since these modulators also target SIRT1, binding of the inhibitor, Ex-527, specifically to SIRT6 was analyzed in silico. Computational observations indicated that Ex-527 may also target SIRT6 active site residues under high salt concentration, thus, validating in vitro findings. Based on these evidences, a novel regulatory step by SIRT6, modifying AR expression under hyperosmotic stress was presented and its possible interactions with intracellular machinery was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Can Timucin
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orhanli, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Huveyda Basaga
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orhanli, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- * E-mail:
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Kang J, Tang Y, Liu Q, Guo N, Zhang J, Xiao Z, Chen R, Shen Z. Isolation, modification, and aldose reductase inhibitory activity of rosmarinic acid derivatives from the roots of Salvia grandifolia. Fitoterapia 2016; 112:197-204. [PMID: 27233987 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To find aldose reductase inhibitors, two previously unreported compounds, grandifolias H and I, and five known compounds, including rosmarinic acid and rosmarinic acid derivatives, were isolated from the roots of Salvia grandifolia. A series of rosmarinic acid derivatives was obtained from rosmarinic acid using simple synthetic methods. The aldose reductase inhibitory activity of the isolated and synthesized compounds was assessed. Seven of the tested compounds showed moderate aldose reductase inhibition (IC50=0.06-0.30μM). The structure-activity relationship of aldose reductase inhibitory activity of rosmarinic acid derivatives was discussed for the first time. This study provided useful information that will facilitate the development of aldose reductase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbo Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Foshan Hospital of TCM, Foshan 528000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruoyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhufang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China.
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The Role of Oxidative Stress in Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury and Remodeling: Revisited. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:1656450. [PMID: 27313825 PMCID: PMC4897712 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1656450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative and reductive stress are dual dynamic phases experienced by the cells undergoing adaptation towards endogenous or exogenous noxious stimulus. The former arises due to the imbalance between the reactive oxygen species production and antioxidant defenses, while the latter is due to the aberrant increase in the reducing equivalents. Mitochondrial malfunction is the common denominator arising from the aberrant functioning of the rheostat that maintains the homeostasis between oxidative and reductive stress. Recent experimental evidences suggest that the maladaptation during oxidative stress could play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of major cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infraction, atherosclerosis, and diabetic cardiovascular complications. In this review we have discussed the role of oxidative and reductive stress pathways in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Furthermore, we have provided impetus for the development of subcellular organelle targeted antioxidant drug therapy for thwarting the deterioration of the failing myocardium in the aforementioned cardiovascular conditions.
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Potential Bioactive Compounds from Seaweed for Diabetes Management. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:5447-91. [PMID: 26308010 PMCID: PMC4557030 DOI: 10.3390/md13085447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders of the endocrine system characterised by hyperglycaemia. Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) constitutes the majority of diabetes cases around the world and are due to unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle, as well as rise of obesity in the population, which warrants the search for new preventive and treatment strategies. Improved comprehension of T2DM pathophysiology provided various new agents and approaches against T2DM including via nutritional and lifestyle interventions. Seaweeds are rich in dietary fibres, unsaturated fatty acids, and polyphenolic compounds. Many of these seaweed compositions have been reported to be beneficial to human health including in managing diabetes. In this review, we discussed the diversity of seaweed composition and bioactive compounds which are potentially useful in preventing or managing T2DM by targeting various pharmacologically relevant routes including inhibition of enzymes such as α-glucosidase, α-amylase, lipase, aldose reductase, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4). Other mechanisms of action identified, such as anti-inflammatory, induction of hepatic antioxidant enzymes’ activities, stimulation of glucose transport and incretin hormones release, as well as β-cell cytoprotection, were also discussed by taking into consideration numerous in vitro, in vivo, and human studies involving seaweed and seaweed-derived agents.
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Timucin AC, Bodur C, Basaga H. SIRT1 contributes to aldose reductase expression through modulating NFAT5 under osmotic stress: In vitro and in silico insights. Cell Signal 2015; 27:2160-72. [PMID: 26297866 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
So far, a myriad of molecules were characterized to modulate NFAT5 and its downstream targets. Among these NFAT5 modifiers, SIRT1 was proposed to have a promising role in NFAT5 dependent events, yet the exact underlying mechanism still remains obscure. Hence, the link between SIRT1 and NFAT5-aldose reductase (AR) axis under osmotic stress, was aimed to be delineated in this study. A unique osmotic stress model was generated and its mechanistic components were deciphered in U937 monocytes. In this model, AR expression and nuclear NFAT5 stabilization were revealed to be positively regulated by SIRT1 through utilization of pharmacological modulators. Overexpression and co-transfection studies of NFAT5 and SIRT1 further validated the contribution of SIRT1 to AR and NFAT5. The involvement of SIRT1 activity in these events was mediated via modification of DNA binding of NFAT5 to AR ORE region. Besides, NFAT5 and SIRT1 were also shown to co-immunoprecipitate under isosmotic conditions and this interaction was disrupted by osmotic stress. Further in silico experiments were conducted to investigate if SIRT1 directly targets NFAT5. In this regard, certain lysine residues of NFAT5, when kept deacetylated, were found to contribute to its DNA binding and SIRT1 was shown to directly bind K282 of NFAT5. Based on these in vitro and in silico findings, SIRT1 was identified, for the first time, as a novel positive regulator of NFAT5 dependent AR expression under osmotic stress in U937 monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Can Timucin
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956, Orhanli, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Cagri Bodur
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956, Orhanli, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Huveyda Basaga
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956, Orhanli, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Li X, Shen Y, Lu Y, Yang J. Amelioration of Bleomycin-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis of Rats by an Aldose Reductase Inhibitor, Epalrestat. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 19:401-11. [PMID: 26330752 PMCID: PMC4553399 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2015.19.5.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AR) is known to play a crucial role in the mediation of diabetic and cardiovascular complications. Recently, several studies have demonstrated that allergen-induced airway remodeling and ovalbumin-induced asthma is mediated by AR. Epalrestat is an aldose reductase inhibitor that is currently available for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. Whether AR is involved in pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and whether epalrestat attenuates pulmonary fibrosis remains unknown. Pulmonary fibrosis was induced by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin (5 mg/kg) in rats. Primary pulmonary fibroblasts were cultured to investigate the proliferation by BrdU incorporation method and flow cytometry. The expression of AR, TGF-β1, α-SMA and collagen I was analyzed by immunohistochemisty, real-time PCR or western blot. In vivo, epalrestat treatment significantly ameliorated the bleomycin-mediated histological fibrosis alterations and blocked collagen deposition concomitantly with reversing bleomycin-induced expression up-regulation of TGF-β1, AR, α-SMA and collagen I (both mRNA and protein). In vitro, epalrestat remarkably attenuated proliferation of pulmonary fibroblasts and expression of α-SMA and collagen I induced by TGF-β1, and this inhibitory effect of epalrestat was accompanied by inhibiting AR expression. Knockdown of AR gene expression reversed TGF-β1-induced proliferation of fibroblasts, up-regulation of α-SMA and collagen I expression. These findings suggest that AR plays an important role in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, and epalrestat inhibited the progression of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis is mediated via inhibiting of AR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yining Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Jieren Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
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Choudhary I, Lee H, Pyo MJ, Heo Y, Bae SK, Kwon YC, Yoon WD, Kang C, Kim E. Proteomics approach to examine the cardiotoxic effects of Nemopilema nomurai Jellyfish venom. J Proteomics 2015; 128:123-31. [PMID: 26193491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nemopilema nomurai is one of the largest species of jellyfish in the world. It blooms mainly offshore of Korea, China, and Japan. Increasing population numbers of N. nomurai is increasing the risk of sea bathers to the jellyfish stings and accompanying envenomations. Cardiovascular effects, and cytotoxicity and hemolytic activities have been previously reported in rodent models. To understand the mechanism of cardiac toxicity, we examined the effect of N. nomurai jellyfish venom (NnV) at the proteome level on rat cardiomyocytes cell line H9c2 using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS). Cells treated with NnV displayed dose-dependent inhibition of viability. Cellular changes at proteome level were investigated after 6h and 12h of venom treatment. Electrophoretic examination revealed 72 protein spots displaying significant quantitative changes. These proteins were analyzed by MALDI-TOF/MS. Thirty four differentially expressed proteins were successfully identified; 24 proteins increased in quantity and 10 proteins decreased, compared to the respective controls. Proteins altered in content in Western blot analyses included myosin VII, annexin A2, aldose reductase, suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), and calumenin, which are well-known marker proteins of cardiac dysfunctions. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE This is the first report revealing the cardiac toxicity of NnV at the proteome level. NnV directly targeted proteins involved in cardiac dysfunction or maintenance. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), which inhibits the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway, was upregulated by NnV. Other proteins related to cardiac arrest that were over-expressed included aldose reductase and calumenin. These results clarify the underlying mechanism of cardiomyocyte damage caused by NnV. By inhibiting these particular targets and more precisely identifying the components of NnV-mediated cardiac toxicity, jellyfish venom-associated poisoning could be reduced or prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Choudhary
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunkyoung Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung Pyo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunwi Heo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Kyeong Bae
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Kwon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Duk Yoon
- Headquarters for Marine Environment, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Shiran-ri, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Changkeun Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea; Institutes of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Euikyung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea; Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
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Roul D, Recchia FA. Metabolic alterations induce oxidative stress in diabetic and failing hearts: different pathways, same outcome. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:1502-14. [PMID: 25836025 PMCID: PMC4449624 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Several authors have proposed a link between altered cardiac energy substrate metabolism and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. A cogent evidence of this association has been found in diabetic cardiomyopathy (dCM); however, experimental findings in animal models of heart failure (HF) and in human myocardium also seem to support the coexistence of the two alterations in HF. CRITICAL ISSUES Two important questions remain open: whether pathological changes in metabolism play an important role in enhancing oxidative stress and whether there is a common pathway linking altered substrate utilization and activation of ROS-generating enzymes, independently of the underlying cardiac pathology. In this regard, the comparison between dCM and HF is intriguing, in that these pathological conditions display very different cardiac metabolic phenotypes. RECENT ADVANCES Our literature review on this topic indicates that a vast body of knowledge is now available documenting the relationship between the metabolism of energy substrates and ROS generation in dCM. In some cases, biochemical mechanisms have been identified. On the other hand, only a few and relatively recent studies have explored this phenomenon in HF and their conclusions are not consistent. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Better methods of investigation, especially in vivo, will be necessary to test whether the metabolic fate of certain substrates is causally linked to ROS production. If successful, these studies will place a new emphasis on the potential clinical relevance of metabolic modulators, which might indirectly mitigate cardiac oxidative stress in dCM, HF, and, possibly, in other pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Roul
- 1Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fabio A Recchia
- 1Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,2Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
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Microcystins Induces Vascular Inflammation in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells via Activation of NF-κB. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:942159. [PMID: 26063980 PMCID: PMC4438169 DOI: 10.1155/2015/942159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) produced by toxic cyanobacteria cause serious water pollution and public health hazard to humans and animals. However, direct molecular mechanisms of MC-LR in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) have not been understood yet. In this study, we investigated whether MC-LR induces vascular inflammatory process in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Our data demonstrated that MC-LR decreased HUVECs proliferation and tube formation and enhanced apoptosis. MC-LR also induced intracellular reactive oxygen species formation (ROS) in HUVECs. The MC-LR directly stimulated phosphorylation of NF-κB. Furthermore, MC-LR also increased cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) expression in HUVECs. Taken together, the present data suggested that MC-LR induced vascular inflammatory process, which may be closely related to the oxidative stress, NF-κB activation, and cell adhesion molecules expression in HUVECs. Our findings may highlight that MC-LR causes potential damage to blood vessels.
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Vistoli G, De Maddis D, Cipak A, Zarkovic N, Carini M, Aldini G. Advanced glycoxidation and lipoxidation end products (AGEs and ALEs): an overview of their mechanisms of formation. Free Radic Res 2013; 47 Suppl 1:3-27. [PMID: 23767955 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2013.815348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 535] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Advanced lipoxidation end products (ALEs) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have a pathogenetic role in the development and progression of different oxidative-based diseases including diabetes, atherosclerosis, and neurological disorders. AGEs and ALEs represent a quite complex class of compounds that are formed by different mechanisms, by heterogeneous precursors and that can be formed either exogenously or endogenously. There is a wide interest in AGEs and ALEs involving different aspects of research which are essentially focused on set-up and application of analytical strategies (1) to identify, characterize, and quantify AGEs and ALEs in different pathophysiological conditions; (2) to elucidate the molecular basis of their biological effects; and (3) to discover compounds able to inhibit AGEs/ALEs damaging effects not only as biological tools aimed at validating AGEs/ALEs as drug target, but also as promising drugs. All the above-mentioned research stages require a clear picture of the chemical formation of AGEs/ALEs but this is not simple, due to the complex and heterogeneous pathways, involving different precursors and mechanisms. In view of this intricate scenario, the aim of the present review is to group the main AGEs and ALEs and to describe, for each of them, the precursors and mechanisms of formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vistoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, Milan, Italy
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Yadav UCS, Naura AS, Aguilera-Aguirre L, Boldogh I, Boulares HA, Calhoun WJ, Ramana KV, Srivastava SK. Aldose reductase inhibition prevents allergic airway remodeling through PI3K/AKT/GSK3β pathway in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57442. [PMID: 23460857 PMCID: PMC3584054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term and unresolved airway inflammation and airway remodeling, characteristic features of chronic asthma, if not treated could lead to permanent structural changes in the airways. Aldose reductase (AR), an aldo-sugar and lipid aldehyde metabolizing enzyme, mediates allergen-induced airway inflammation in mice, but its role in the airway remodeling is not known. In the present study, we have examined the role of AR on airway remodeling using ovalbumin (OVA)-induced chronic asthma mouse model and cultured human primary airway epithelial cells (SAECs) and mouse lung fibroblasts (mLFs). METHODS Airway remodeling in chronic asthma model was established in mice sensitized and challenged twice a week with OVA for 6 weeks. AR inhibitor, fidarestat, was administered orally in drinking water after first challenge. Inflammatory cells infiltration in the lungs and goblet cell metaplasia, airway thickening, collagen deposition and airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) in response to increasing doses of methacholine were assessed. The TGFβ1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in SAECs and changes in mLFs were examined to investigate AR-mediated molecular mechanism(s) of airway remodeling. RESULTS In the OVA-exposed mice for 6 wks inflammatory cells infiltration, levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, goblet cell metaplasia, collagen deposition and AHR were significantly decreased by treatment with AR inhibitor, fidarestat. Further, inhibition of AR prevented TGFβ1-induced altered expression of E-cadherin, Vimentin, Occludin, and MMP-2 in SAECs, and alpha-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin in mLFs. Further, in SAECs, AR inhibition prevented TGFβ1- induced activation of PI3K/AKT/GSK3β pathway but not the phosphorylation of Smad2/3. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that allergen-induced airway remodeling is mediated by AR and its inhibition blocks the progression of remodeling via inhibiting TGFβ1-induced Smad-independent and PI3K/AKT/GSK3β-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh C. S. Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Amarjit S. Naura
- Department of Medicine and Stanley Scot Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Leopoldo Aguilera-Aguirre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hamid A. Boulares
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Stanley Scot Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - William J. Calhoun
- Department of Internal Medicine-Pulmonary/Critical Care, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kota V. Ramana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Satish K. Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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