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Enaime G, Dababat S, Wichern M, Lübken M. Olive mill wastes: from wastes to resources. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:20853-20880. [PMID: 38407704 PMCID: PMC10948480 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32468-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Olive oil extraction has recently experienced a continuous increase due to its related beneficial properties. Consequently, large amounts of olive mill wastes (OMWs) derived from the trituration process are annually produced, causing serious environmental problems. The limited financial capabilities of olive mills make them usually unable to bear the high costs required for the disposal of their wastes. Alternatively, the valorization of OMWs within the framework of the so-called waste-to-resource concept and their recycling can represent a successful strategy for the implementation of circular economy model in the olive industry, which could have significant socioeconomic impacts on low-income Mediterranean countries. There is, however, no unique solution for OMWs valorization, due to the wide variety of the wastes' composition and their seasonal production. In this review, the potential of OMWs for being reused and the recent technological advances in the field of OMWs valorization are assessed. Special focus is given to the analysis of the advantages and limitations of each technology and to reporting the most significant issues that still limiting its industrial scale-up. The information collected in this review shows that OMW could be effectively exploited in several sectors, including energy production and agriculture. OMWs potential seems, however, undervalued, and the implementation of sustainable valorization strategies in large-scale remains challenging. More efforts and policy actions, through collective actions, encouraging subsidies, and establishing public-private collaborations, are still needed to reconcile research progress with industrial practices and encourage the large-scale implementation of the waste-to-resource concept in the olive sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghizlane Enaime
- Institute of Urban Water Management and Environmental Engineering, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Salahaldeen Dababat
- Institute of Urban Water Management and Environmental Engineering, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marc Wichern
- Institute of Urban Water Management and Environmental Engineering, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Manfred Lübken
- Institute of Urban Water Management and Environmental Engineering, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
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Patouna A, Sevdalis P, Papanikolaou K, Kourti M, Skaperda Z, Jamurtas AZ, Kouretas D. Evaluation of the effects of a honey‑based gel on blood redox biomarkers and the physiological profile of healthy adults: A pilot study. Biomed Rep 2023; 18:32. [PMID: 37034574 PMCID: PMC10074021 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey is a natural product derived from the insect Apis mellifera. Approximately 200 different compounds are included, making it a complex mixture with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activity. Flavonoids and phenolic acids contained in honey are associated with its antioxidant capacity via mechanisms such as hydrogen donation and metallic ion chelation, although the exact antioxidant mechanism remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to: i) Estimate the antioxidant activity of a natural honey-based gel, commercially available under the trade name of 'Bear Strength honey gel' and to ii) assess the physiological and redox adjustments obtained after its consumption in healthy adult participants. For this purpose, 20 healthy participants (10 men and 10 women) included in their habitual diet 70 g of the honey-based gel for 14 days in a row. Pre- and post-consumption, physiological [weight, height, body mass index, body fat, waist-to-hip ratio, resting heart rate and blood pressure (BP)] and hematological (complete blood count) data were evaluated, along with the levels of five redox biomarkers: Glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), protein carbonyls (PCARBS) and thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS). The results revealed that the honey-based gel decreased the diastolic and mean arterial BP, especially in women, without affecting the rest of the physiological and hematological variables. Regarding the changes observed in antioxidant status variables, GSH was increased both in the total and women's group, while TAC was increased in all groups post-consumption. No changes were detected in the levels of CAT. Regarding oxidative stress, a decrease in the levels of TBARS in the total and women's group, was observed. PCARBS levels were decreased post-consumption only in the women's group. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated the potential positive effects of a honey-based gel on BP and redox status of healthy adults in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Patouna
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Sevdalis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 17237 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Maria Kourti
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Zoi Skaperda
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Athanasios Z. Jamurtas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
- Correspondence to: Professor Demetrios Kouretas, Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece
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Papatsiros VG, Katsogiannou EG, Papakonstantinou GI, Michel A, Petrotos K, Athanasiou LV. Effects of Phenolic Phytogenic Feed Additives on Certain Oxidative Damage Biomarkers and the Performance of Primiparous Sows Exposed to Heat Stress under Field Conditions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030593. [PMID: 35326243 PMCID: PMC8945155 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two commercial phenolic phytogenic feed additives (PFAs) on sows under heat stress conditions of high summer temperatures for seven days before and seven days after the farrowing. The PFA-1 product was a mixture based on the plants Emblica officinalis, Foeniculum vulgare, Citrus sinensis and nut fiber, while the PFA-2 product was a mixture based on plants Andrographis paniculata, Glycyrrhizia glabra, Tinospora cordifolia and nut fiber. A total of 48 primiparous sows were divided into three groups: T1-control group: regular gestation (GF) and lactation feed (LF); T2 group: regular GF and LF supplemented with PFA-1; T3 group: regular GF and LF supplemented with PFA-2. Each sow in the T2 and T3 groups received 5 g daily of the PFA-1 and PFA-2 product, respectively, for seven days before and seven days after the farrowing. Blood samples were collected from all groups 24 h after farrowing. Thiobarbituric acid-–reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyl (CARB) concentrations were determined in the sow plasma. The body condition scoring (BCS) and the backfat of sows on the farrowing and weaning days along with reproductive parameters and litter characteristics were recorded. The highest number of stillborn piglets and the largest interval from weaning to estrus were observed in the T1 group. The lowest number of alive 24 h after birth and weaning piglets and the lowest BCS and backfat at weaning were also recorded in the T1 group. TBARS and CARB concentrations were significant higher in the T1 group compared to all other groups. In conclusion, the use of phenolic PFAs seems to reduce oxidative damage caused by heat stress and ameliorate performance in primiparous sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios G. Papatsiros
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikalon 224, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (E.G.K.); (G.I.P.)
- Correspondence: (V.G.P.); (L.V.A.); Tel.: +30-2441-066012- (V.G.P.); +30-244-106-6009 (L.V.A.); Fax: +30-2441-066053 (V.G.P. & L.V.A.)
| | - Eleni G. Katsogiannou
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikalon 224, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (E.G.K.); (G.I.P.)
| | - Georgios I. Papakonstantinou
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikalon 224, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (E.G.K.); (G.I.P.)
| | - Alfred Michel
- Life Circle Nutrition AG, Hämmerli 2d, 8855 Wangen, Switzerland;
| | - Konstantinos Petrotos
- Department of Agrotechnology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Geopolis Campus, University of Thessaly, Periferiaki Odos Larisas Trikalon, 41500 Larisa, Greece;
| | - Labrini V. Athanasiou
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikalon 224, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (E.G.K.); (G.I.P.)
- Correspondence: (V.G.P.); (L.V.A.); Tel.: +30-2441-066012- (V.G.P.); +30-244-106-6009 (L.V.A.); Fax: +30-2441-066053 (V.G.P. & L.V.A.)
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Optimization of the Composition of a Novel Bioactive Silage Produced by Mixing of Ground Maize Grains with Olive Mill Waste Waters, Grape Pomace and Feta Cheese Whey. AGRIENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/agriengineering3040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the production of a novel and sustainable silage was realized and optimized. Three agro-industrial wastes produced in bulk: olive mill wastewater (OMWW), grape pomace (GP) and de-proteinized feta cheese whey (DFCW) were mixed with coarsely ground maize grains, and the mixture was inoculated with commercial lactic bacteria starter culture and fermented for 30 days under anaerobic conditions to obtain silage. Sixty-seven recipes with varying compositions of the three agro-wastes were ensilaged, and four silage quality indices: pH value, % acidity as lactic acid, total lactobacillus count (cfu/g) and total yeast and mold count (cfu/g) were monitored throughout the ensilage process, and the obtained data were used to perform multicriteria optimization of the silage composition. The optimization target was to simultaneously maximize the pH drop, % total acidity as lactic acid and lactobacillus count while minimizing the count of undesirable yeasts and molds. Following this optimization strategy, it was found that the best composition of the mixture of all three tested agro-industrial wastes to obtain a high-quality silage was the one containing: 20% w/w GP, 60% w/w OMWW and 20% w/w feta cheese whey. Finally, the produced silage was tested in broilers’ nutrition and by 10% w/w inclusion in the feed, which led to the production of high added-value bioactive meat rich in ω-3 fatty acids and with high antioxidant capacity.
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Abu-Serie MM, Hamouda AF, Habashy NH. Acacia senegal gum attenuates systemic toxicity in CCl 4-intoxicated rats via regulation of the ROS/NF-κB signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20316. [PMID: 34645930 PMCID: PMC8514504 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99953-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Acacia senegal (AS) gum (Gum Arabic) is a natural emulsifier exudate from the branches and trunk of Acacia trees and it is recognized by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) agency as a secure dietary fiber. The present research evaluated the systemic oxidative and necroinflammatory stress induced by CCl4 administration and the alleviating effect of AS gum aqueous extract (ASE, 7.5 g/Kg b.w.). The results demonstrated the presence of certain phenolic compounds in ASE, as well as its in vitro potent scavenging ability against ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), NO, and lipid peroxide radicals. Also, the outcomes revealed an improvement in the CCl4-induced liver, lung, brain, and spleen toxicity by reducing the levels of ROS, lipid peroxidation, NO, and the gene expression of NF-κB and its relevant ROS-mediated inflammatory genes. In contrast, the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), as well as the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, were significantly upregulated in these organs after the treatment with ASE. These results were confirmed by improving the morphological features of each organ. Therefore, ASE can ameliorate the systemic toxicity caused by CCl4 via regulation of the ROS/NF-κB signaling pathway in the rat organs, which is owed to its phytochemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M Abu-Serie
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering, and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg EL-Arab, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Asmaa F Hamouda
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt
| | - Noha H Habashy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511, Egypt.
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Olive Mill Wastewater as Renewable Raw Materials to Generate High Added-Value Ingredients for Agro-Food Industries. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11167511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Olive oil production represents an agro-industrial activity of vital economic importance for many Mediterranean countries. However, it is associated with the generation of a huge amount of by-products, both in solid and liquid forms, mainly constituted by olive mill wastewater, olive pomace, wood, leaves, and stones. Although for many years olive by-products have only been considered as a relevant environmental issue, in the last decades, numerous studies have deeply described their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, anticancer, anti-hyperglycemic activities. Therefore, the increasing interest in natural bioactive compounds represents a new challenge for olive mills. Studies have focused on optimizing methods to extract phenols from olive oil by-products for pharmaceutical or cosmetic applications and attempts have been made to describe microorganisms and metabolic activity involved in the treatment of such complex and variable by-products. However, few studies have investigated olive oil by-products in order to produce added-value ingredients and/or preservatives for food industries. This review provides an overview of the prospective of liquid olive oil by-products as a source of high nutritional value compounds to produce new functional additives or ingredients and to explore potential and future research opportunities.
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Targeting ROS/NF-κB sigaling pathway by the seedless black Vitis vinifera polyphenols in CCl 4-intoxicated kidney, lung, brain, and spleen in rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16575. [PMID: 34400737 PMCID: PMC8367948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is an abundant environmental pollutant that can generate free radicals and induce oxidative stress in different human and animal organs like the kidney, lung, brain, and spleen, causing toxicity. The present study evaluated the alleviative mechanism of the isolated polyphenolic fraction from seedless (pulp and skin) black Vitis vinifera (VVPF) on systemic oxidative and necroinflammatory stress in CCl4-intoxicated rats. Here, we found that the administration of VVPF to CCl4-intoxicated rats for ten days was obviously ameliorated the CCl4-induced systemic elevation in ROS, NO and TBARS levels, as well as MPO activity. Also, it upregulated the cellular activities of the enzymatic (SOD, and GPx) and non-enzymatic (TAC and GSH) antioxidants. Furthermore, the gene expression of the ROS-related necroinflammatory mediators (NF-κB, iNOS, COX-2, and TNF-α) in the kidney, brain, and spleen, as well as IL-1β, and IL-8 in the lung were greatly restored. The histopathological studies confirmed these biochemical results and showed a noticeable enhancing effect in the architecture of the studied organs after VVPF intake. Thus, this study indicated that VVPF had an alleviative effect on CCl4-induced necroinflammation and oxidative stress in rat kidney, lung, brain, and spleen via controlling the ROS/NF-κB pathway.
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Tekos F, Makri S, Skaperda ZV, Patouna A, Terizi K, Kyriazis ID, Kotseridis Y, Mikropoulou EV, Papaefstathiou G, Halabalaki M, Demetrios K. Assessment of Antioxidant and Antimutagenic Properties of Red and White Wine Extracts In Vitro. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11070436. [PMID: 34357330 PMCID: PMC8304343 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11070436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Wine is an alcoholic beverage of complex composition obtained through the fermentation of grape must. The consumption of wine has already been associated with a multitude of beneficial effects due to its high polyphenolic content. In this study, four Greek emblematic wines from two red (i.e., Xinomavro and Agiorgitiko) and two white (i.e., Assyrtiko and Malagouzia) varieties were analyzed for the estimation of their antioxidant profiles. To address this question, we assessed their ability to scavenge both synthetic and endogenous free radicals, such as DPPH•, ABTS+•, OH•, O2−, their potential reducing power, and their antimutagenic and antigenotoxic properties. All varieties exhibited potent antioxidant activity, as indicated by the results of methods above, with the red wines appearing more effective than the white ones regarding antioxidant capacity. Our small-scale study is the first to reveal that these wine varieties may have the ability to scavenge the most reactive endogenous radicals. In the future, this finding must be accompanied by larger studies to fill a knowledge gap in the scientific literature concerning a holistic approach of the in vitro antioxidant action of plant polyphenolic compounds. Conclusively, we believe that wines possess high bioactivity that allow them to settle in the industry of food additives and medicinal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotios Tekos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (F.T.); (S.M.); (Z.-V.S.); (A.P.); (K.T.); (I.D.K.)
| | - Sotiria Makri
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (F.T.); (S.M.); (Z.-V.S.); (A.P.); (K.T.); (I.D.K.)
| | - Zoi-Vasiliki Skaperda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (F.T.); (S.M.); (Z.-V.S.); (A.P.); (K.T.); (I.D.K.)
| | - Anastasia Patouna
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (F.T.); (S.M.); (Z.-V.S.); (A.P.); (K.T.); (I.D.K.)
| | - Kallirroi Terizi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (F.T.); (S.M.); (Z.-V.S.); (A.P.); (K.T.); (I.D.K.)
| | - Ioannis D. Kyriazis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (F.T.); (S.M.); (Z.-V.S.); (A.P.); (K.T.); (I.D.K.)
| | - Yorgos Kotseridis
- Laboratory of Oenology, Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Eleni Vaskani Mikropoulou
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (E.V.M.); (G.P.); (M.H.)
| | - Georgios Papaefstathiou
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (E.V.M.); (G.P.); (M.H.)
| | - Maria Halabalaki
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (E.V.M.); (G.P.); (M.H.)
| | - Kouretas Demetrios
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (F.T.); (S.M.); (Z.-V.S.); (A.P.); (K.T.); (I.D.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-241-0565-277; Fax: +30-241-0565-293
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Makri S, Raftopoulou S, Kafantaris I, Kotsampasi B, Christodoulou V, Nepka C, Veskoukis AS, Kouretas D. Biofunctional Feed Supplemented With By-products of Olive Oil Production Improves Tissue Antioxidant Profile of Lambs. In Vivo 2021; 34:1811-1821. [PMID: 32606151 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Olive mill wastewater (OMW) is a byproduct of olive oil production. The aim of the study was to estimate the redox profile of lambs' vital organs after consumption of an OMW-supplemented feed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four lambs received breast milk until day 15. Then, they were divided in two groups: control and OMW, n=12 each. The control group received standard ration, while the OMW group received OMW enriched feed along with mother's milk until day 42 and animals (n=6 per group) were sacrificed. The remaining 12 received the feeds until day 70 and sacrificed. Tissue samples were collected at day 42 and 70 and specific redox biomarkers were assessed. RESULTS Overall, the OMW feed improved tissue redox profile by affecting the glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and γ-glutamate-cysteine ligase (γ-GCL) expression in all tested tissues. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was not affected. CONCLUSION The polyphenol-rich byproduct reinforced lamb redox profile and may putatively improve their wellness and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotiria Makri
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Sofia Raftopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kafantaris
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Basiliki Kotsampasi
- Research Institute of Animal Science/Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Giannitsa, Greece
| | - Vladimiros Christodoulou
- Research Institute of Animal Science/Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Giannitsa, Greece
| | - Charitini Nepka
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Aristidis S Veskoukis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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Mallamaci R, Budriesi R, Clodoveo ML, Biotti G, Micucci M, Ragusa A, Curci F, Muraglia M, Corbo F, Franchini C. Olive Tree in Circular Economy as a Source of Secondary Metabolites Active for Human and Animal Health Beyond Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041072. [PMID: 33670606 PMCID: PMC7922482 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) contains many bioactive compounds with multiple biological activities that make it one of the most important functional foods. Both the constituents of the lipid fraction and that of the unsaponifiable fraction show a clear action in reducing oxidative stress by acting on various body components, at concentrations established by the European Food Safety Authority's claims. In addition to the main product obtained by the mechanical pressing of the fruit, i.e., the EVOO, the residual by-products of the process also contain significant amounts of antioxidant molecules, thus potentially making the Olea europea L. an excellent example of the circular economy. In fact, the olive mill wastewaters, the leaves, the pomace, and the pits discharged from the EVOO production process are partially recycled in the nutraceutical and cosmeceutical fields also because of their antioxidant effect. This work presents an overview of the biological activities of these by-products, as shown by in vitro and in vivo assays, and also from clinical trials, as well as their main formulations currently available on the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Mallamaci
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University Aldo Moro Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Roberta Budriesi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Food Chemistry & Nutraceutical Lab, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.B.); (G.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Lisa Clodoveo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University Aldo Moro Bari, 702125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giulia Biotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Food Chemistry & Nutraceutical Lab, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.B.); (G.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Matteo Micucci
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Food Chemistry & Nutraceutical Lab, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.B.); (G.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Andrea Ragusa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Francesca Curci
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University Aldo Moro Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (M.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Marilena Muraglia
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University Aldo Moro Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (M.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Filomena Corbo
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University Aldo Moro Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (M.M.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0805442746
| | - Carlo Franchini
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University Aldo Moro Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (M.M.); (C.F.)
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The Combined Effect of Mediterranean Shrubland Pasture and the Dietary Administration of Sage By-Products on the Antioxidant Status of Segureña Ewes and Lambs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100938. [PMID: 33008117 PMCID: PMC7600900 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine if the combined effect of ewe grazing and the incorporation of sage by-products in the lamb feed enhances the Segureña ewe and lamb antioxidant status. For that, the endogenous (related to blood antioxidant enzymes) and exogenous (plasma antioxidant activity) antioxidant systems of ewes and lambs were studied at the physiological stages of lactation, after weaning and at the end of the fattening period. Major results indicated that grazing improved the enzymatic antioxidant defense of ewes during the stressful period of lamb weaning, and also, the antioxidant status of the ewe plasma at both physiological stages: lactation and after lamb weaning. With regards to the lambs, ewe grazing stimulated the antioxidant enzymatic defense during lactation, but not the antioxidant capacity of the plasma. At the end of the fattening period, the inclusion of sage by-products in the lamb diet (10% w/w) enhanced both the enzymatic cascade and antioxidant capacity of the lamb plasma. The antioxidant capacity of the lamb meat was also studied and the benefits of sage were detected in samples from the deltoideus muscle. Thus, Mediterranean grazing stimulated the antioxidant defense in ewes, while the inclusion of sage by-products in the lamb diets enhanced the antioxidant status of both blood and meat.
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Tekos F, Skaperda Z, Goutzourelas N, Phelps DS, Floros J, Kouretas D. The Importance of Redox Status in the Frame of Lifestyle Approaches and the Genetics of the Lung Innate Immune Molecules, SP-A1 and SP-A2, on Differential Outcomes of COVID-19 Infection. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090784. [PMID: 32854247 PMCID: PMC7554878 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic of COVID-19 is of great concern to the scientific community. This mainly affects the elderly and people with underlying diseases. People with obesity are more likely to experience unpleasant disease symptoms and increased mortality. The severe oxidative environment that occurs in obesity due to chronic inflammation permits viral activation of further inflammation leading to severe lung disease. Lifestyle affects the levels of inflammation and oxidative stress. It has been shown that a careful diet rich in antioxidants, regular exercise, and fasting regimens, each and/or together, can reduce the levels of inflammation and oxidative stress and strengthen the immune system as they lead to weight loss and activate cellular antioxidant mechanisms and reduce oxidative damage. Thus, a lifestyle change based on the three pillars: antioxidants, exercise, and fasting could act as a proactive preventative measure against the adverse effects of COVID-19 by maintaining redox balance and well-functioning immunity. Moreover, because of the observed diversity in the expression of COVID-19 inflammation, the role of genetics of innate immune molecules, surfactant protein A (SP-A)1 and SP-A2, and their differential impact on the local lung microenvironment and host defense is reviewed as genetics may play a major role in the diverse expression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotios Tekos
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (F.T.); (Z.S.); (N.G.)
| | - Zoi Skaperda
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (F.T.); (Z.S.); (N.G.)
| | - Nikolaos Goutzourelas
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (F.T.); (Z.S.); (N.G.)
| | - David S. Phelps
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) and Departments of Pediatrics, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.S.P.); (J.F.)
| | - Joanna Floros
- Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) and Departments of Pediatrics, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (D.S.P.); (J.F.)
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (F.T.); (Z.S.); (N.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2410-565-277; Fax: +30-2410-565-290
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Veskoukis AS, Kerasioti E, Sidiropoulos K, Maragou I, Skaperda Z, Kouretas D. Nutritional habits and free grazing regimen of productive animals along with specific ingredients are influential factors for the antioxidant properties of milk: From farm to market. Biomed Rep 2020; 13:31-36. [PMID: 32440347 PMCID: PMC7238402 DOI: 10.3892/br.2020.1301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk is a fundamental product of animal origin for human health and well-being. It possesses crucial biological properties, which depend on its composition and production methodology. To this end, one of the aims of the present study was to assess the impact of the nutritional and dwelling patterns of productive animals on the antioxidant potency of their generated milk. Thus, samples of sheep milk were collected for 30 consecutive days during the spring months from 5 different farms with different traits and its antioxidant activity was measured. Furthermore, this study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of 15 commercially available milk samples of different animal origin (i.e., cow and buffalo) and type (i.e., full-fat, light and chocolate) derived from 5 different companies. For all the experiments, the assay that examines the ability of the milk samples to reduce the DPPH• radical was used. It was thus found that the free-grazing regimen of the farm sheep dwelling at high altitude resulted in the production of milk with a greater antioxidant potential. On the other hand, it was also found that the samples of chocolate milk exhibited notably mote potent antioxidant activity than the full-fat and light samples, obviously due to the excessively high composition in antioxidant molecules present in cocoa. From this study that holistically examined the antioxidant properties of milk derived from three different productive animal species, it becomes evident that the nutritional and grazing practices, as well as specific ingredients (i.e., cocoa) lead to the generation of milk with high added biological value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristidis S. Veskoukis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of
Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Efthalia Kerasioti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of
Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Ilektra Maragou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of
Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Zoi Skaperda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of
Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of
Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
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Kouka P, Tekos F, Papoutsaki Z, Stathopoulos P, Halabalaki M, Tsantarliotou M, Zervos I, Nepka C, Liesivuori J, Rakitskii VN, Tsatsakis A, Veskoukis AS, Kouretas D. Olive oil with high polyphenolic content induces both beneficial and harmful alterations on rat redox status depending on the tissue. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:421-432. [PMID: 32140426 PMCID: PMC7052070 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Olive oil (OO) possesses a predominant role in the diet of Mediterranean countries. According to a health claim approved by the European Food Safety Authority, OO protects against oxidative stress‑induced lipid peroxidation in human blood, when it contains at least 5 mg of hydroxytyrosol and its derivatives per 20 g. However, studies regarding the effects of a total OO biophenols on redox status in vivo are scarce and either observational and do not provide a holistic picture of their action in tissues. Following a series of in vitro screening tests an OO containing biophenols at 800 mg/kg of OO was administered for 14 days to male Wistar rats at a dose corresponding to 20 g OO/per day to humans. Our results showed that OO reinforced the antioxidant profile of blood, brain, muscle and small intestine, it induced oxidative stress in spleen, pancreas, liver and heart, whereas no distinct effects were observed in lung, colon and kidney. The seemingly negative effects of OO follow the recently formulated idea in toxicology, namely the real life exposure scenario. This study reports that OO, although considered a nutritional source rich in antioxidants, it exerts a tissues specific action when administered in vivo.
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Key Words
- Biophenols
- Blood
- CARB, protein carbonyls
- CAT, catalase
- GSH, glutathione
- HT, hydroxytyrosol
- OLEA, oleacein
- OLEO, oleocanthal
- OO, olive oil
- Olive oil
- Real life exposure scenario
- Redox status
- T, tyrosol
- TAC, total antioxidant capacity
- TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
- Tissues
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Kouka
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Fotios Tekos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Zoi Papoutsaki
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Stathopoulos
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Halabalaki
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Tsantarliotou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Zervos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charitini Nepka
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Valerii N. Rakitskii
- Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene, F.F. Erisman, 2, Semashko Street, Mytishchi, Moscow Region 141014, Russia
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Aristidis S. Veskoukis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Mezourlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece
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Kreatsouli K, Fousteri Z, Zampakas K, Kerasioti E, Veskoukis AS, Mantas C, Gkoutsidis P, Ladas D, Petrotos K, Kouretas D, Stagos D. A Polyphenolic Extract from Olive Mill Wastewaters Encapsulated in Whey Protein and Maltodextrin Exerts Antioxidant Activity in Endothelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080280. [PMID: 31387273 PMCID: PMC6719156 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare maltodextrin and whey protein as encapsulation carriers for olive mill wastewater (OMWW) phenolic extract for producing antioxidant powder, by using spray drying under 17 different conditions. In some samples, gelatin was also added in the encapsulation mixture. The antioxidant activity was assessed in vitro by using the DPPH•, ABTS•+, reducing power and DNA plasmid strand breakage assays. The results showed that both materials were equally effective for producing antioxidant powder, although by using different conditions. For example, inlet/outlet temperature of the spray drying did not seem to affect the maltodextrin samples’ antioxidant activity, but whey protein samples showed better antioxidant activity at lower temperatures. Gelatin use decreased antioxidant activity, especially in whey protein samples. The two most potent samples, one encapsulated in maltodextrin and the other in whey protein, were examined for their antioxidant effects in human endothelial cells by assessing glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Both samples significantly enhanced the antioxidant molecule of GSH, while maltodextrin sample also decreased ROS. The present findings suggested both materials for encapsulation of OMWW extract for producing antioxidant powder which may be used in food products, especially for the protection from ROS-induced endothelium pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Kreatsouli
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Zinovia Fousteri
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Zampakas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Efthalia Kerasioti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Aristidis S Veskoukis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Christos Mantas
- Department of Biosystem Engineering, Technical Education Institute of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Paschalis Gkoutsidis
- Department of Biosystem Engineering, Technical Education Institute of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Ladas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Petrotos
- Department of Biosystem Engineering, Technical Education Institute of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Stagos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece.
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Stagos D, Balabanos D, Savva S, Skaperda Z, Priftis A, Kerasioti E, Mikropoulou EV, Vougogiannopoulou K, Mitakou S, Halabalaki M, Kouretas D. Extracts from the Mediterranean Food Plants Carthamus lanatus, Cichorium intybus, and Cichorium spinosum Enhanced GSH Levels and Increased Nrf2 Expression in Human Endothelial Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6594101. [PMID: 30581535 PMCID: PMC6276477 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6594101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is considered to prevent several diseases. In the present study, the antioxidant properties of six extracts from Mediterranean plant foods were assessed. The extracts' chemical composition analysis showed that the total polyphenolic content ranged from 56 to 408 GAE mg/g dw of extract. The major polyphenols identified in the extracts were quercetin, luteolin, caftaric acid, caffeoylquinic acid isomers, and cichoric acid. The extracts showed in vitro high scavenging potency against ABTS•+ and O2 •- radicals and reducing power activity. Also, the extracts inhibited peroxyl radical-induced cleavage of DNA plasmids. The three most potent extracts, Cichorium intybus, Carthamus lanatus, and Cichorium spinosum, inhibited OH•-induced mutations in Salmonella typhimurium TA102 cells. Moreover, C. intybus, C. lanatus, and C. spinosum extracts increased the antioxidant molecule glutathione (GSH) by 33.4, 21.5, and 10.5% at 50 μg/ml, respectively, in human endothelial EA.hy926 cells. C. intybus extract was also shown to induce in endothelial cells the transcriptional expression of Nrf2 (the major transcription factor of antioxidant genes), as well as of antioxidant genes GCLC, GSR, NQO1, and HMOX1. In conclusion, the results suggested that extracts from edible plants may prevent diseases associated especially with endothelium damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Stagos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Larissa 41500, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Balabanos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Larissa 41500, Greece
| | - Salomi Savva
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Larissa 41500, Greece
| | - Zoi Skaperda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Larissa 41500, Greece
| | - Alexandros Priftis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Larissa 41500, Greece
| | - Efthalia Kerasioti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Larissa 41500, Greece
| | - Eleni V. Mikropoulou
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Konstantina Vougogiannopoulou
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Sofia Mitakou
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Maria Halabalaki
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Viopolis, Larissa 41500, Greece
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