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Liikkanen J, Virtanen HEK, Mikkonen S, Laitinen AL. The role of social media in the professional sphere of Finnish registered dietitians. J Hum Nutr Diet 2024; 37:726-736. [PMID: 38534015 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the widespread use of social media, understanding how healthcare professionals, such as dietitians, utilise these platforms for their work has gained interest. The aim of the current study was to describe how Finnish registered dietitians utilise various social media channels for professional purposes. The study also investigated the perceived social media skills of dietitians. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey administered between December 2022 and February 2023. The participants were 107 Finnish registered dietitians who held a master's degree suitable for the profession. The Fisher's exact test was employed for categorical variables, whereas the Kruskal-Wallis test was used for ordinal variables with multiple groups. RESULTS Out of the 107 participants, 62 (58%) reported using social media for professional purposes. The primary purposes across various social media channels were interaction with colleagues (80%) on Facebook, networking with professionals from other fields (86%) on LinkedIn and general monitoring of the field on Instagram (91%), Twitter (77%) and YouTube (58%). Dietitians' perceived social media skills were found to have a statistically significant relationship with age (p < 0.05) for all channels, except Twitter. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that Finnish dietitians predominantly utilise social media for passive monitoring of the field, rather than actively sharing content with the public. Professional communication tends to take place within their own professional groups. Incorporating social media use into the official job description could serve as an encouraging factor to enhance the professional utilisation of social media among dietitians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Liikkanen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heli E K Virtanen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Santtu Mikkonen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences and Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aija L Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Castillo LIR, Tran V, Brachaniec M, Chambers CT, Chessie K, Couros A, LeRuyet A, LeRuyet C, Thorpe L, Williams J, Wheelwright S, Hadjistavropoulos T. The #SeePainMoreClearly Phase II Pain in Dementia Social Media Campaign: Implementation and Evaluation Study. JMIR Aging 2024; 7:e53025. [PMID: 38329793 PMCID: PMC10884893 DOI: 10.2196/53025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media platforms have been effective in raising awareness of the underassessment and undertreatment of pain in dementia. OBJECTIVE After a successful pilot campaign, we aimed to scale our pain-in-dementia knowledge mobilization pilot initiative (ie, #SeePainMoreClearly) to several social media platforms with the aid of a digital media partner. The goal of the initiative was to increase awareness of the challenges in the assessment and management of pain among people with dementia. A variety of metrics were implemented to evaluate the effort. Through this work, we endeavored to highlight key differences between our pilot initiative (which was a grassroots initiative), focusing largely on Twitter and YouTube, and the current science-media partnership. We also aimed to generate recommendations suitable for other social media campaigns related to health or aging. METHODS Evidence-based information about pain in dementia was summarized into engaging content (eg, videos) tailored to the needs of various knowledge users (eg, health professionals, families, and policy makers). We disseminated information using Facebook (Meta Platforms), Twitter (X Corp), YouTube (Alphabet Inc), Instagram (Meta Platforms), and LinkedIn (LinkedIn Corp) and measured the success of the initiative over a 12-month period (2020 to 2021). The evaluation methods focused on web analytics and questionnaires related to social media content. Knowledge users' web responses about the initiative and semistructured interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS During the course of the campaign, >700 posts were shared across all platforms. Web analytics showed that we drew >60,000 users from 82 countries to our resource website. Of the social media platforms used, Facebook was the most effective in reaching knowledge users (ie, over 1,300,000 users). Questionnaire responses from users were favorable; interview responses indicated that the information shared throughout the initiative increased awareness of the problem of pain in dementia and influenced respondent behavior. CONCLUSIONS In this investigation, we demonstrated success in directing knowledge users to a resource website with practical information that health professionals could use in patient care along with pain assessment and management information for caregivers and people living with dementia. The evaluation metrics suggested no considerable differences between our pilot campaign and broader initiative when accounting for the length of time of each initiative. The limitations of large-scale health campaigns were noted, and recommendations were outlined for other researchers aiming to leverage social media as a knowledge mobilization tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise I R Castillo
- Department of Psychology and Centre on Aging and Health, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Vivian Tran
- Department of Psychology and Centre on Aging and Health, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Mary Brachaniec
- Centre on Aging and Health, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Christine T Chambers
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Centre for Pediatric Pain Research, IWK Health, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Kelly Chessie
- Santa Maria Senior Citizens Home, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Alec Couros
- Faculty of Education, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | | | | | - Lilian Thorpe
- Department of Community and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jaime Williams
- Department of Psychology and Centre on Aging and Health, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | | | - Thomas Hadjistavropoulos
- Department of Psychology and Centre on Aging and Health, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
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Susan Caswell M, Lieffers JR, Wojcik J, Eisenbraun C, Buccino J, Hanning RM. COVID-19 Pandemic Effects on Job Search and Employment of Graduates (2015-2020) of Canadian Dietetic Programmes. CAN J DIET PRACT RES 2023; 84:200-210. [PMID: 37115016 DOI: 10.3148/cjdpr-2023-004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Self-reported coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic effects on dietetic job search, employment, and practice of recent graduates were explored within a national workforce survey.Methods: Graduates (2015-2020) who were registered/licensed dietitians or eligible to write the Canadian Dietetic Registration Exam were recruited through dietetic programmes, Dietitians of Canada's communication channels, and social media. The online survey, available in English and French from August through October 2020, included questions about pandemic experiences. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were applied to closed and open-ended responses, respectively.Results: Thirty-four percent of survey respondents (n = 524) indicated pandemic effects on job search and described delayed entry into dietetics, fewer job opportunities, and challenges including restricted work between sites. The pandemic affected employment for 44% of respondents; of these, 45% indicated working from home, 45% provided virtual counselling, 7% were redeployed within dietetics, 14% provided nondietetic COVID-19 support, and 6% were furloughed or laid off. Changed work hours, predominantly reduced, were identified by 29%. Changes in pay, identified by 12%, included loss (e.g., raises deferred) or gain (e.g., pandemic pay). Fear of infection and stress about careers and finances were expressed.Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly affected both acquiring positions and employment in 2020 for recent dietetic graduates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Susan Caswell
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON
| | - Jessica R Lieffers
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK
| | | | | | | | - Rhona M Hanning
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON
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Gao R, Liu HH. Political stability as a major determinant of the Covid-19 pandemic outcomes. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20617. [PMID: 37860511 PMCID: PMC10582285 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper explores the role of political stability in explaining the cross-country variation of Covid-19 pandemic outcomes. Based on the international evidence, we find that lower pre-Covid-19 levels of political stability are associated with worse Covid-19 pandemic outcomes. Politically unstable countries are more likely to suffered significantly higher morbidity and mortality. Further analysis shows that political stability only matters in countries prepared with requisite medical capacity to deal with health emergencies. We also find that political stability is more crucial in countries with higher poverty rates. Overall, to combat Covid-19 and the subsequential collective threats successfully, the national authorities should pay more attention to maintain political stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gao
- School of Economics, Qingdao University, Kedazhi Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China
| | - Hai-Hong Liu
- School of Infectious Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Wenhuaxi Road, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
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Kite J, Chan L, MacKay K, Corbett L, Reyes-Marcelino G, Nguyen B, Bellew W, Freeman B. A Model of Social Media Effects in Public Health Communication Campaigns: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e46345. [PMID: 37450325 PMCID: PMC10382952 DOI: 10.2196/46345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media platforms are frequently used in health communication campaigns. Common understandings of campaign effects posit a sequential and linear series of steps from exposure to behavior change, commonly known as the hierarchy of effects model (HOE). These concepts need to be reevaluated in the age of social media, which are interactional and communal. OBJECTIVE This review aims to update the traditional HOE for health communication campaigns in the context of social media, including identifying indicators of effectiveness and how these are conceptualized to lead to health-related outcomes. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of studies following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines reporting on the use of social media as part of health communication campaigns, extracting campaign information such as objectives, platforms used, and measures of campaign performance. We used these data, combined with our understanding of the HOE, to develop an updated conceptual model of social media campaign effects. RESULTS We identified 99 eligible studies reporting on 93 campaigns, published between 2012 and 2022. The campaigns were conducted in over 20 countries, but nearly half (n=42) were conducted in the United States. Campaigns targeted a variety of health issues and predominantly used Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube. Most campaigns (n=81) set objectives targeting awareness or individual behavior change. Process measures (n=68; eg, reach and impressions) and engagement measures (n=73; eg, likes and retweets) were reported most frequently, while two-fifths (n=42) did not report any outcomes beyond engagement, such as changes in knowledge, behavior, or social norms. Most campaigns (n=55) collected measures that did not allow them to determine if the campaign objective had been met; that is, they were process evaluations only. Based on our review, our updated model suggests that campaign exposure can lead to individual behavior change and improved health outcomes, either through a direct or indirect pathway. Indirect pathways include exposure through social and policy changes. "Engagement" is positioned as critical to success, replacing awareness in the traditional HOE, and all types of engagement are treated as equal and good. No consideration is being given to potential negative engagement, such as the distribution of misinformation. Additionally, the process is no longer linear and sequential, with circular pathways evident, such as engagement not only influencing behavior change but also generating additional exposure to campaign messages. CONCLUSIONS Our review has highlighted a change in conventional understandings of how campaigns can influence health outcomes in the age of social media. The updated model we propose provides social media campaigners with a starting point to develop and tailor campaign messages and allows evaluators to identify critical assumptions to test, including the role and value of "engagement." TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42021287257; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=287257.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Kite
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Lilian Chan
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Kathryn MacKay
- Sydney Health Ethics, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Lucy Corbett
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Gillian Reyes-Marcelino
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney and Cancer Council New South Wales, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Binh Nguyen
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - William Bellew
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Becky Freeman
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
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Shankar K, Chandrasekaran R, Jeripity Venkata P, Miketinas D. Investigating the Role of Nutrition in Enhancing Immunity During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Twitter Text-Mining Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e47328. [PMID: 37428522 PMCID: PMC10366666 DOI: 10.2196/47328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has brought to the spotlight the critical role played by a balanced and healthy diet in bolstering the human immune system. There is burgeoning interest in nutrition-related information on social media platforms like Twitter. There is a critical need to assess and understand public opinion, attitudes, and sentiments toward nutrition-related information shared on Twitter. OBJECTIVE This study uses text mining to analyze nutrition-related messages on Twitter to identify and analyze how the general public perceives various food groups and diets for improving immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. METHODS We gathered 71,178 nutrition-related tweets that were posted between January 01, 2020, and September 30, 2020. The Correlated Explanation text mining algorithm was used to identify frequently discussed topics that users mentioned as contributing to immunity building against SARS-CoV-2. We assessed the relative importance of these topics and performed a sentiment analysis. We also qualitatively examined the tweets to gain a closer understanding of nutrition-related topics and food groups. RESULTS Text-mining yielded 10 topics that users discussed frequently on Twitter, viz proteins, whole grains, fruits, vegetables, dairy-related, spices and herbs, fluids, supplements, avoidable foods, and specialty diets. Supplements were the most frequently discussed topic (23,913/71,178, 33.6%) with a higher proportion (20,935/23,913, 87.75%) exhibiting a positive sentiment with a score of 0.41. Consuming fluids (17,685/71,178, 24.85%) and fruits (14,807/71,178, 20.80%) were the second and third most frequent topics with favorable, positive sentiments. Spices and herbs (8719/71,178, 12.25%) and avoidable foods (8619/71,178, 12.11%) were also frequently discussed. Negative sentiments were observed for a higher proportion of avoidable foods (7627/8619, 84.31%) with a sentiment score of -0.39. CONCLUSIONS This study identified 10 important food groups and associated sentiments that users discussed as a means to improve immunity. Our findings can help dieticians and nutritionists to frame appropriate interventions and diet programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Shankar
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University Institute for Health Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ranganathan Chandrasekaran
- Department of Information and Decision Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Derek Miketinas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University Institute for Health Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
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Faus M, Alonso F, Javadinejad A, Useche SA. Are social networks effective in promoting healthy behaviors? A systematic review of evaluations of public health campaigns broadcast on Twitter. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1045645. [PMID: 36483260 PMCID: PMC9722952 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1045645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction While public health campaigns disseminated through Twitter have multiple theoretical advantages over other strategies (e.g., a high potential reach and low economic cost), the effectiveness of social networks as facilitators of attitudinal and behavioral changes in the population seems to remain weakly supported. Therefore, this systematic review was aimed to analyze the degree of impact of healthy behavior-related campaigns as documented in scientific literature. Methods Strictly following the PRISMA methodology, a total of 109 indexed articles were obtained, of which only 18 articles met the inclusion criteria. In addition to accessing the literature available on WOS, Scopus, BVS, Medline, Cochrane Library and PubMed, the quality of the existing studies was assessed through the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) protocol. Results The results of this systematic review revealed a small number of evaluations of the effectiveness of social campaigns disseminated on Twitter, although the quality of these studies was considerably good. Most of the research used statistics and metrics for evaluation, with residual use of other measurement methodologies. However, their effectiveness and impact on public health-related behaviors remain arguable, in view of the existence of marked tendencies to: (i) not evaluate these campaigns; (ii) evaluate them through excessively brief, ambiguous, or potentially biased indicators; and (iii) not carry out systematic follow-ups over time. Discussion Although there is no strong evidence of the suitability of Twitter as a suitable medium for raising public health awareness on behavioral health affairs, the actual limitations identified in this review would help to optimize this paradigm and enhance the quality, reach, and effectiveness of such communication strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Faus
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain,INTRAS (Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Alonso
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain,INTRAS (Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Arash Javadinejad
- INTRAS (Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergio A. Useche
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain,INTRAS (Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain,*Correspondence: Sergio A. Useche
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Chan V, Allman-Farinelli M. Young Australian Adults Prefer Video Posts for Dissemination of Nutritional Information over the Social Media Platform Instagram: A Pilot Cross-Sectional Survey. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204382. [PMID: 36297066 PMCID: PMC9610946 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing social media use in young adults may have applications in health promotion. This study aimed to determine the acceptability and feasibility of using Instagram to disseminate nutritional information to young Australians and assess the most preferred post style. A cross-sectional web-based pilot survey was conducted in 18−30-year-olds residing in New South Wales. Eight sets of mock Instagram posts were generated comprising three formats: (i) text/icon, (ii) realistic image, or (iii) video. Respondents (n = 108) were asked to review and rank posts from highest to lowest according to likelihood of engagement, visual preference, motivation to change eating behaviors, and relevancy of information. The Friedman test (Wilcoxon signed-rank test post hoc analysis with Bonferroni correction) was conducted to determine differences between the three post styles. Video style posts were more likely to be engaged with (p < 0.001), visually preferred (p < 0.001), more motivating to change eating behaviors (p < 0.001), and presented the most relevant food and nutrition knowledge (p < 0.001) compared with the other post styles. Most participants reported that Instagram was a suitable platform to share food and nutrition information (96%). The findings of this pilot study can be used to inform a large study that investigates the use of Instagram among a more diverse population and with a greater number of video posts tailored for audience segmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Chan
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Margaret Allman-Farinelli
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Okuhara T, Yokota R, Shirabe R, Iye R, Okada H, Kiuchi T, Chiba T, Akamatsu R. Japanese newspaper advertisements for dietary supplements before and after COVID-19: a content analysis. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e050898. [PMID: 34815281 PMCID: PMC8611233 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Public health institutions have alerted consumers about advertising for dietary supplements with false claims of preventing or treating COVID-19. We quantitatively and qualitatively examined newspaper advertisements for dietary supplements before and after the COVID-19 spread. DESIGN Content analysis. PARTICIPANTS We analysed advertisements for dietary supplements in two major Japanese newspapers in February-July 2019 and February-July 2020. Our analysis covered 2167 advertisements. RESULTS The number of advertisements for dietary supplements that claimed to be effective in infection prevention (p=0.009) and improving joint (p=0.002) and digestive functions (p=0.002) significantly increased after the spread of COVID-19 compared with before. Dietary supplements that claimed to be effective in preventing infection were advertised in combination with recommendations for gargling and handwashing. Such terms as 'defence' and 'prevent' were used to promote the preventive effect. CONCLUSIONS False and misleading claims in advertising for dietary supplements may result in consumer harm, such as overdosing and failure to take preventive behaviour. While the pandemic continues, there will be an increasing need for disseminating accessible information about the appropriate use of dietary supplements, consumer education and warnings to manufacturers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Okuhara
- Department of Health Communication, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rie Yokota
- Department of Health Communication, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Shirabe
- Department of Health Communication, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reina Iye
- Department of Health Communication, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Okada
- Department of Health Communication, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kiuchi
- Department of Health Communication, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Chiba
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rie Akamatsu
- Natural Science Division, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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