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Stockinger E, Gallotti R, Hausladen CI. Early morning hour and evening usage habits increase misinformation-spread. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20233. [PMID: 39215045 PMCID: PMC11364767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Social media manipulation poses a significant threat to cognitive autonomy and unbiased opinion formation. Prior literature explored the relationship between online activity and emotional state, cognitive resources, sunlight and weather. However, a limited understanding exists regarding the role of time of day in content spread and the impact of user activity patterns on susceptibility to mis- and disinformation. This work uncovers a strong correlation between user activity time patterns and the tendency to spread potentially disinformative content. Through quantitative analysis of Twitter (now X) data, we examine how user activity throughout the day aligns with diurnal behavioural archetypes. Evening types exhibit a significantly higher inclination towards spreading potentially disinformative content, which is more likely at night-time. This knowledge can become crucial for developing targeted interventions and strategies that mitigate misinformation spread by addressing vulnerable periods and user groups more susceptible to manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Stockinger
- Computational Social Science, Department of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland.
| | - Riccardo Gallotti
- Complex Human Behaviour Lab, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, 38123, Italy
| | - Carina I Hausladen
- Computational Social Science, Department of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
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2
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Lin H, Wang C, Sun Y. How big five personality traits influence information sharing on social media: A meta analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303770. [PMID: 38865331 PMCID: PMC11168692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Research interest in information sharing behavior on social media has significantly increased over the past decade. However, empirical studies on the relationship between Big Five personality traits and information sharing behavior have yielded contradictory conclusions. We aimed to investigate how Big Five personality influences information sharing behavior on social media. This meta-analysis systematically reviewed high-quality studies indexed by web of science and CNKI from the past decade (n = 27, with 31969 samples) and performed a meta-analysis to examine the association between Big Five personality traits and information sharing behavior. The literature search was performed in September 2023. The meta-analysis results showed that extraversion (β = 0.05**) had a positive relationship with information sharing behavior on social media. Agreeableness (β = -0.06**), conscientiousness (β = -0.03**), and neuroticism (β = -0.03**) had negative relationships with information sharing behavior on social media. However, the relationship between openness and information sharing behavior was not clearly observed due to insufficient research. The meta-analysis results are made available to the scientific community to enhance research, comprehension, and utilization of social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lin
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligence Computing and Novel Software Technology, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Chundong Wang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligence Computing and Novel Software Technology, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Engineering Research Center of Learning-Based Intelligent System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongjie Sun
- School of Languages and Culture, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, China
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3
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Su X, Wang S. The impact and management of internet-based public opinion dissemination during emergencies: A case study of Baidu News during the first wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299374. [PMID: 38573976 PMCID: PMC10994342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) public health emergency has had a huge impact worldwide. We analyzed news headlines and keywords from the initial period of COVID-19, and explored the dissemination timeline of news related to the epidemic, and the impact of Internet-based media on the public using lifecycle theory and agenda-setting theory. We aimed to explore the impact of Baidu news headlines on public attention during the first wave of COVID-19, as well as the management mechanism of regulatory departments for social public opinion. METHODS We searched Baidu News using the keywords "Novel Coronavirus" and "COVID-19" from 8 January to 21 February 2020, a total of 45 days, and used Python V3.6 to extract news samples during the first wave of the epidemic. We used text analysis software to structurally process captured news topics and content summaries, applied VOSviewer V6.19 and Ucinet V6.0 to examine key aspects of the data. RESULTS We analyzed the impact of Baidu News headlines on social opinion during the first wave of COVID-19 in the budding, spread, and outbreak stage of the information lifecycle. From clustering visualization and social network analysis perspectives, we explored the characteristics of Baidu News during the initial stage of the COVID-19. The results indicated that agenda-setting coverage through online media helped to mitigate the negative impact of COVID-19. The findings revealed that news reporting generated a high level of public attention toward a specific emergency event. CONCLUSIONS The public requires accurate and objective information on the progress of COVID-19 through Baidu News headlines to inform their planning for the epidemic. Meanwhile, government can enhance the management mechanism of news dissemination, correct false and inaccurate news, and guide public opinion in a positive direction. In addition, timely official announcements on the progress of the COVID-19 outbreak and responses to matters of public concern can help calm tensions and maintain social stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- School of Business Administration, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shengwen Wang
- School of Business Administration, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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4
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Ng IK. Physicians, know thy patient. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2024; 54:84-88. [PMID: 38523064 DOI: 10.1177/14782715241240510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Person-centered care is presently the standard healthcare model, which emphases shared clinical decision-making, patient autonomy and empowerment. However, many aspects of the modern-day clinical practice such as the increased reliance on medical technologies, artificial intelligence, and teleconsultation have significantly altered the quality of patient-physician communications. Moreover, many countries are facing an aging population with longer life expectancies but increasingly complex medical comorbidities, which, coupled with medical subspecialization and competing health systems, often lead to fragmentation of clinical care. In this article, I discuss what it truly means for a clinician to know a patient, which is, in fact, a highly intricate skill that is necessary to meet the high bar of person-centered care. I suggest that this can be achieved through the implementation of a holistic biopsychosocial model of clinical consultation at the physician level and fostering coordinated and continuity of care at the health systems level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Ks Ng
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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5
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Calvillo DP, León A, Rutchick AM. Personality and misinformation. Curr Opin Psychol 2024; 55:101752. [PMID: 38065004 PMCID: PMC11193381 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Misinformation poses a significant concern, promoting false beliefs and eroding trust in media. People differ in their susceptibility to believe and to share misinformation. In this article, we reviewed recent research on relationships between personality traits and belief in and sharing of misinformation. Findings show that more extroverted and less conscientious and agreeable people tend to be more susceptible to believing in and sharing misinformation. Additionally, the Dark Triad personality traits of narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism tend to be positively associated with sharing of misinformation, and narcissism and psychopathy are associated with greater belief in misinformation. Understanding these individual differences can inform interventions to reduce the effects of misinformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex León
- Psychology Department, California State University San Marcos, USA
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6
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Tin J, Stevens H, Rasul ME, Taylor LD. Incivility in COVID-19 Vaccine Mandate Discourse and Moral Foundations: Natural Language Processing Approach. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e50367. [PMID: 38019581 PMCID: PMC10719818 DOI: 10.2196/50367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccine hesitancy poses a substantial threat to efforts to mitigate the harmful effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. To combat vaccine hesitancy, officials in the United States issued vaccine mandates, which were met with strong antivaccine discourse on social media platforms such as Reddit. The politicized and polarized nature of COVID-19 on social media has fueled uncivil discourse related to vaccine mandates, which is known to decrease confidence in COVID-19 vaccines. OBJECTIVE This study examines the moral foundations underlying uncivil COVID-19 vaccine discourse. Moral foundations theory poses that individuals make decisions to express approval or disapproval (ie, uncivil discourse) based on innate moral values. We examine whether moral foundations are associated with dimensions of incivility. Further, we explore whether there are any differences in the presence of incivility between the r/coronaviruscirclejerk and r/lockdownskepticism subreddits. METHODS Natural language processing methodologies were leveraged to analyze the moral foundations underlying uncivil discourse in 2 prominent antivaccine subreddits, r/coronaviruscirclejerk and r/lockdownskepticism. All posts and comments from both of the subreddits were collected since their inception in March 2022. This was followed by filtering the data set for key terms associated with the COVID-19 vaccine (eg, "vaccinate" and "Pfizer") and mandates (eg, "forced" and "mandating"). These key terms were selected based on a review of existing literature and because of their salience in both of the subreddits. A 10% sample of the filtered key terms was used for the final analysis. RESULTS Findings suggested that moral foundations play a role in the psychological processes underlying uncivil vaccine mandate discourse. Specifically, we found substantial associations between all moral foundations (ie, care and harm, fairness and cheating, loyalty and betrayal, authority and subversion, and sanctity and degradation) and dimensions of incivility (ie, toxicity, insults, profanity, threat, and identity attack) except for the authority foundation. We also found statistically significant differences between r/coronaviruscirclejerk and r/lockdownskepticism for the presence of the dimensions of incivility. Specifically, the mean of identity attack, insult, toxicity, profanity, and threat in the r/lockdownskepticism subreddit was significantly lower than that in the r/coronaviruscirclejerk subreddit (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that moral foundations may play a substantial role in the presence of incivility in vaccine discourse. On the basis of the findings of the study, public health practitioners should tailor messaging by addressing the moral values underlying the concerns people may have about vaccines, which could manifest as uncivil discourse. Another way to tailor public health messaging could be to direct it to parts of social media platforms with increased uncivil discourse. By integrating moral foundations, public health messaging may increase compliance and promote civil discourse surrounding COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Tin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Hannah Stevens
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Muhammad Ehab Rasul
- Department of Communication, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Laramie D Taylor
- Department of Communication, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Ahmed S, Rasul ME. Examining the association between social media fatigue, cognitive ability, narcissism and misinformation sharing: cross-national evidence from eight countries. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15416. [PMID: 37723265 PMCID: PMC10507063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42614-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have explored the causes and consequences of public engagement with misinformation and, more recently, COVID-19 misinformation. However, there is still a need to understand the mechanisms that cause misinformation propagation on social media. In addition, evidence from non-Western societies remains rare. This study reports on survey evidence from eight countries to examine whether social media fatigue can influence users to believe misinformation, influencing their sharing intentions. Our insights also build on prior cognitive and personality literature by exploring how this mechanism is conditional upon users' cognitive ability and narcissism traits. The results suggest that social media fatigue can influence false beliefs of misinformation which translates into sharing on social media. We also find that those with high levels of cognitive ability are less likely to believe and share misinformation. However, those with low cognitive ability and high levels of narcissism are most likely to share misinformation on social media due to social media fatigue. This study is one of the first to provide cross-national comparative evidence highlighting the adverse effects of social media fatigue on misinformation propagation and establishing that the relationship is not universal but dependent on both cognitive and dark personality traits of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saifuddin Ahmed
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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8
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Mansoori A, Tahat K, Tahat D, Habes M, Salloum SA, Mesbah H, Elareshi M. Gender as a moderating variable in online misinformation acceptance during COVID-19. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19425. [PMID: 37810004 PMCID: PMC10558500 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Misinformation remained a critical consideration during the COVID-19 that further cultivated fears leading to strong unrest among the public globally. This study clarifies certain misconceptions related to the pandemic by investigating whether factors such as altruism, entertainment, information-sharing, information-seeking, comprehensibility have impact on COVID-19 misinformation acceptance and sharing it in the UAE culture, with gender as a moderating factor. An online survey (google.com) was used, with a sample of 200 university students, and analyzed using PLS-SEM software to determine the effects of constructed factors. The findings indicated that entertainment, information-sharing, and information-seeking factors have impact on sharing COVID-19 misinformation, while comprehensibility has impact on acceptance of misinformation. Interestingly, gender was found to have no impact on all the constructed factors, suggesting that other moderating factors (e.g., age) need to be considered in future research. Generally, online users need to learn how to verify online information that they receive/share on other social media, especially regarding health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mansoori
- Media & Creative Industries Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khalaf Tahat
- Media & Creative Industries Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dina Tahat
- Education & Humanities Sciences College, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Habes
- Radio & TV Department, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Said A. Salloum
- Media & Creative Industries Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- School of Science, Engineering, and Environment, University of Salford, UK
| | - Hesham Mesbah
- Dpartment of Communication, Rollins College, Florida, USA
| | - Mokhtar Elareshi
- Communication College, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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9
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Attar R, Almohanna A, Almusharraf A, Alhazmi A, Alanzi N, Al-Anezi F, Alanzi T, Sroor R, Albishri A, Alzahrani A, Alsabilah T, Alkenani A, Alghamdi R, AlGethami F, AlGethami A. Use of social media for the improvement of safety knowledge and awareness among Saudi Arabian phlebotomists. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1194969. [PMID: 37654654 PMCID: PMC10466136 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1194969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of social media for the improvement of safety knowledge and awareness among phlebotomists. Methods As this study was intended to arrive at specific conclusions using empirical evidence, a deductive quantitative cross-sectional online survey design was adopted. A total of 521 phlebotomists participated in the survey, and 86 incomplete responders were removed, resulting in a final sample of 435 considered in this study. T-tests and ANOVA were used to analyze the data. Results A total of 41.6% stated that social media was very effective, and 31.5% stated that it was somewhat effective in improving safety knowledge and awareness. in addition, this study revealed no major differences between male and female participants (p > 0.05) with respect to the effectiveness of social media. However, statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) among the age groups were identified in relation to the effectiveness of social media and the intention to use it in the future. Conclusion Social media applications are effective for knowledge dissemination among healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razaz Attar
- Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa Almohanna
- Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Amal Alhazmi
- Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Alanzi
- Jouf University, Sakakah, Al Jawf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Al-Anezi
- Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Alanzi
- Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad Sroor
- Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Ali Alkenani
- Obied Specialized Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Ruran HB, Petty CR, Eliott D, Rao RC, Phipatanakul W, Young BK. Patient Perceptions of Retinal Detachment Management and Recovery through Social Media. Semin Ophthalmol 2023; 38:498-502. [PMID: 36692094 PMCID: PMC10293096 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2023.2168492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Social media support groups can provide accessibility to advice and emotional regarding medical topics, such as retinal detachment repair, but this is almost universally provided by laypersons. We sought to determine how topics related to retinal detachment repair are associated with various emotional responses and the spread of misinformation, as identified through an online social media support group. METHODS Retrospective observational study of the largest Facebook support group for retinal detachment from 03/19/2021 to 07/19/2021. Members of the support group that posted during the study period. Comments were coded by content (Pre-procedural, Peri-procedural Post procedural, Repeat procedures) and participant response (Emotional responses, Asking for medical advice, and Misinformation). Associations between content and responses were examined using Pearson's chi-squared test, two-sample t-test, and linear regression. RESULTS Posts that included written comments from the study period were analyzed. Negative emotional responses appeared in 30% of posts and positive emotional responses were in 16% of posts. Misinformation was more likely to appear in pre-procedure posts (5.3% versus 1.4%, p = .03). Negative emotional responses trended towards being more common in topics related to repeat procedures (40% vs 28%), although this did not reach statistical significance (p = .06). CONCLUSIONS Surgeons should be aware that patients frequently express negative experiences on this forum, asked for medical advice, even in the post-operative period, and that these posts generated high engagement. Misinformation may be propagated in support groups, though less commonly with regard to post-procedural questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana B. Ruran
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Boston, MA
| | - Carter R. Petty
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Biostatistics and Research Design Center, Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston, MA
| | - Dean Eliott
- Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rajesh C. Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Pathology, Department of Human Genetics, Center of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Center for RNA Biomedicine, Rogel Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Alfred Taubman Medical Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Division of Ophthalmology, Surgery Section, VA Ann Arbor Healthsystem, Ann Arbor, Michigan, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (RCR)
| | - Wanda Phipatanakul
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Benjamin K. Young
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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11
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Butt MJ, Malik AK, Qamar N, Yar S, Malik AJ, Rauf U. A Survey on COVID-19 Data Analysis Using AI, IoT, and Social Media. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:5543. [PMID: 37420714 DOI: 10.3390/s23125543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Coronaviruses are a well-established and deadly group of viruses that cause illness in both humans and animals. The novel type of this virus group, named COVID-19, was firstly reported in December 2019, and, with the passage of time, coronavirus has spread to almost all parts of the world. Coronavirus has been the cause of millions of deaths around the world. Furthermore, many countries are struggling with COVID-19 and have experimented with various kinds of vaccines to eliminate the deadly virus and its variants. This survey deals with COVID-19 data analysis and its impact on human social life. Data analysis and information related to coronavirus can greatly help scientists and governments in controlling the spread and symptoms of the deadly coronavirus. In this survey, we cover many areas of discussion related to COVID-19 data analysis, such as how artificial intelligence, along with machine learning, deep learning, and IoT, have worked together to fight against COVID-19. We also discuss artificial intelligence and IoT techniques used to forecast, detect, and diagnose patients of the novel coronavirus. Moreover, this survey also describes how fake news, doctored results, and conspiracy theories were spread over social media sites, such as Twitter, by applying various social network analysis and sentimental analysis techniques. A comprehensive comparative analysis of existing techniques has also been conducted. In the end, the Discussion section presents different data analysis techniques, provides future directions for research, and suggests general guidelines for handling coronavirus, as well as changing work and life conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Junaid Butt
- Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Kamran Malik
- Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Nafees Qamar
- School of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Bryant University, Smithfield, RI 02917, USA
| | - Samad Yar
- Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Arif Jamal Malik
- Department of Software Engineering, Foundation University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Usman Rauf
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Mercy College, Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522, USA
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12
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Handayani PW, Zagatti GA, Kefi H, Bressan S. Impact of Social Media Usage on Users' COVID-19 Protective Behavior: Survey Study in Indonesia. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e46661. [PMID: 37052987 PMCID: PMC10141255 DOI: 10.2196/46661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media have become the source of choice for many users to search for health information on COVID-19 despite possible detrimental consequences. Several studies have analyzed the association between health information-searching behavior and mental health. Some of these studies examined users' intentions in searching health information on social media and the impact of social media use on mental health in Indonesia. OBJECTIVE This study investigates both active and passive participation in social media, shedding light on cofounding effects from these different forms of engagement. In addition, this study analyses the role of trust in social media platforms and its effect on public health outcomes. Thus, the purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of social media usage on COVID-19 protective behavior in Indonesia. The most commonly used social media platforms are Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, TikTok, and Twitter. METHODS We used primary data from an online survey. We processed 414 answers to a structured questionnaire to evaluate the relationship between these users' active and passive participation in social media, trust in social media, anxiety, self-efficacy, and protective behavior to COVID-19. We modeled the data using partial least square structural equation modeling. RESULTS This study reveals that social media trust is a crucial antecedent, where trust in social media is positively associated with active contribution and passive consumption of COVID-19 content in social media, users' anxiety, self-efficacy, and protective behavior. This study found that active contribution of content related to COVID-19 on social media is positively correlated with anxiety, while passive participation increases self-efficacy and, in turn, protective behavior. This study also found that active participation is associated with negative health outcomes, while passive participation has the opposite effects. The results of this study can potentially be used for other infectious diseases, for example, dengue fever and diseases that can be transmitted through the air and have handling protocols similar to that of COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Public health campaigns can use social media for health promotion. Public health campaigns should post positive messages and distil the received information parsimoniously to avoid unnecessary and possibly counterproductive increased anxiety of the users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putu Wuri Handayani
- Information Systems Undergraduate Study Program, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | | | - Hajer Kefi
- Digital Data Design, Paris School of Business, France, France
| | - Stéphane Bressan
- School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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13
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Rasul ME, Ahmed S. Not All Conservatives Are Vaccine Hesitant: Examining the Influence of Misinformation Exposure, Political Ideology, and Flu Vaccine Acceptance on COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:586. [PMID: 36992170 PMCID: PMC10052187 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the mass availability of COVID-19 vaccines in the United States, many Americans are still reluctant to take a vaccine as an outcome from exposure to misinformation. Additionally, while scholars have paid attention to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, the influence of general vaccine hesitancy for important viruses such as the flu has largely been ignored. Using nationally representative data from Pew Research Center's American Trends Panel survey (Wave 79), this study examined the relationship between perceived misinformation exposure, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, flu vaccine acceptance, political ideology, and demographic trends. The findings suggest that those who accepted the flu vaccine were less likely to be COVID-19 vaccine-hesitant. In addition, moderation analyses showed that perceived misinformation exposure increases COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy for conservatives and moderates but not for liberals. However, perceived misinformation exposure influences COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among conservatives only if they are also flu vaccine-hesitant. Perceived misinformation exposure has no role in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy if individuals (irrespective of political ideology) are regular with their flu vaccine. The results suggest that the effect of misinformation exposure on negative attitudes toward COVID-19 may be associated with generalized vaccine hesitancy (e.g., flu). The practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saifuddin Ahmed
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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