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Rubio-Tomás T, Alegre-Cortés E, Lionaki E, Fuentes JM, Tavernarakis N. Heat shock and thermotolerance in Caenorhabditis elegans: An overview of laboratory techniques. Methods Cell Biol 2024; 185:1-17. [PMID: 38556443 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The soil nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans is a simple and well-established model for the study of many biological processes. Heat shock and thermotolerance assays have been developed for this nematode, and have been used to decipher the molecular relationships between thermal stress and aging, among others. Nevertheless, a systematic and methodological comparison of the different approaches and tools utilized is lacking in the literature. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive summary of the most commonly used strategies for carrying out heat shock and thermotolerance assays that have been reported, highlighting specific readouts and scientific questions that can be addressed. Furthermore, we offer examples of thermotolerance assays performed with wild type nematodes, that can serve as a gauge of the animal survival under diverse conditions of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Rubio-Tomás
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eva Alegre-Cortés
- Universidad de Extremadura, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Cáceres, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Cáceres, Spain
| | - Eirini Lionaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - José M Fuentes
- Universidad de Extremadura, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Cáceres, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Cáceres, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBER-CIBERNED-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece; Division of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
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Takaya K, Asou T, Kishi K. Identification of resibufogenin, a component of toad venom, as a novel senolytic compound in vitro and for potential skin rejuvenation in male mice. Biogerontology 2023; 24:889-900. [PMID: 37395866 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Senescent cells that accumulate with age have been shown to contribute to age-related diseases and organ dysfunction and have attracted attention as a target for anti-aging therapy. In particular, the use of senescent cell-depleting agents, or senolytics, has been shown to improve the aging phenotype in animal models. Since senescence has been implicated in the skin, particularly in fibroblasts, this study used aged human skin fibroblasts to investigate the effects of resibufogenin. A component of the traditional Chinese medicine toad venom, resibufogenin was investigated for senolytic and/or senomorphic activity. We found that the compound selectively caused senescent cell death without affecting proliferating cells, with a marked effect on the suppression of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. We also found that resibufogenin causes senescent cell death by inducing a caspase-3-mediated apoptotic program. Administration of resibufogenin to aging mice resulted in an increase in dermal collagen density and subcutaneous fat, improving the phenotype of aging skin. In other words, resibufogenin ameliorates skin aging through selective induction of senescent cell apoptosis without affecting non-aged cells. This traditional compound may have potential therapeutic benefits in skin aging characterized by senescent cell accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Takaya
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Toru Asou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kishi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Xu F, Li R, von Gromoff ED, Drepper F, Knapp B, Warscheid B, Baumeister R, Qi W. Reprogramming of the transcriptome after heat stress mediates heat hormesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4176. [PMID: 37443152 PMCID: PMC10345090 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39882-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient stress experiences not only trigger acute stress responses, but can also have long-lasting effects on cellular functions. In Caenorhabditis elegans, a brief exposure to heat shock during early adulthood extends lifespan and improves stress resistance, a phenomenon known as heat hormesis. Here, we investigated the prolonged effect of hormetic heat stress on the transcriptome of worms and found that the canonical heat shock response is followed by a profound transcriptional reprogramming in the post-stress period. This reprogramming relies on the endoribonuclease ENDU-2 but not the heat shock factor 1. ENDU-2 co-localizes with chromatin and interacts with RNA polymerase II, enabling specific regulation of transcription after the stress period. Failure to activate the post-stress response does not affect the resistance of animals to heat shock but eliminates the beneficial effects of hormetic heat stress. In summary, our work discovers that the RNA-binding protein ENDU-2 mediates the long-term impacts of transient heat stress via reprogramming transcriptome after stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xu
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics (Faculty of Biology), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Ruoyao Li
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics (Faculty of Biology), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Erika D von Gromoff
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics (Faculty of Biology), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Friedel Drepper
- Biochemistry-Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Bettina Knapp
- Biochemistry-Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Bettina Warscheid
- Biochemistry-Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- Signalling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- Biochemistry II, Theodor Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Baumeister
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics (Faculty of Biology), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- Signalling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research (Faculty of Medicine), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Wenjing Qi
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics (Faculty of Biology), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany.
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Mühlenpfordt I, Blakeslee SB, Everding J, Cramer H, Seifert G, Stritter W. Touching body, soul, and spirit? Understanding external applications from integrative medicine: A mixed methods systematic review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:960960. [PMID: 36619637 PMCID: PMC9813495 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.960960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction External applications from anthroposophic medicine (EAAM) are touch-based applications such as rhythmical massages, embrocations, and compresses that serve as components of complementary treatment concepts for various diseases. The aim of this review is to gain an understanding of typical indications and outcomes and to systematically assess the effectiveness and safety of EAAM. Materials and methods Medline/PubMed, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and PsycINFO were searched through May 2021 and supplemented by searches in specialized databases and personal requests to experts in the field. Studies and case reports on EAAM in patients, as well as healthy individuals, were included in the qualitative synthesis. Outcome parameters depending on each study were grouped as effect themes and assigned to study clusters using Thematic Analysis for a thematic overview of effect patterns. Results Four RCTs, 7 cohort studies, 1 mixed-methods, 1 retrospective, 4 qualitative studies, 3 case series, and 25 case reports on EAAM were identified. The analysis indicated various effects of EAAM on physiological as well as psychological health indicators and patterns of effect development. Study quality was found to be high for only 2 studies, and moderate for 1 study, and all remaining 45 studies showed a moderate or high risk of bias or were not ratable with used rating tools. Conclusion The included studies present a wide range of potential indications for EAAM, while showing methodological drawbacks. To determine whether EAAM can be considered an effective treatment option, clinical studies exploring the effect of different EAAM modalities on defined patient groups are recommended for the future. Systematic review registration [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=214030], identifier [CRD42020214030].
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Mühlenpfordt
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology and Hematology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,*Correspondence: Inga Mühlenpfordt,
| | - Sarah B. Blakeslee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology and Hematology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janina Everding
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology and Hematology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Cramer
- Institute of General Practice and Interprofessional Care, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany,Bosch Health Campus, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Georg Seifert
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology and Hematology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wiebke Stritter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology and Hematology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Wagner A, Schosserer M. The epitranscriptome in ageing and stress resistance: A systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101700. [PMID: 35908668 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Modifications of RNA, collectively called the "epitranscriptome", might provide novel biomarkers and innovative targets for interventions in geroscience but are just beginning to be studied in the context of ageing and stress resistance. RNA modifications modulate gene expression by affecting translation initiation and speed, miRNA binding, RNA stability, and RNA degradation. Nonetheless, the precise underlying molecular mechanisms and physiological consequences of most alterations of the epitranscriptome are still only poorly understood. We here systematically review different types of modifications of rRNA, tRNA and mRNA, the methodology to analyze them, current challenges in the field, and human disease associations. Furthermore, we compiled evidence for a connection between individual enzymes, which install RNA modifications, and lifespan in yeast, worm and fly. We also included resistance to different stressors and competitive fitness as search criteria for genes potentially relevant to ageing. Promising candidates identified by this approach include RCM1/NSUN5, RRP8, and F33A8.4/ZCCHC4 that introduce base methylations in rRNA, the methyltransferases DNMT2 and TRM9/ALKBH8, as well as factors involved in the thiolation or A to I editing in tRNA, and finally the m6A machinery for mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Wagner
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Schosserer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Medical Genetics, Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
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Dutta N, Garcia G, Higuchi-Sanabria R. Hijacking Cellular Stress Responses to Promote Lifespan. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:860404. [PMID: 35821861 PMCID: PMC9261414 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.860404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Organisms are constantly exposed to stress both from the external environment and internally within the cell. To maintain cellular homeostasis under different environmental and physiological conditions, cell have adapted various stress response signaling pathways, such as the heat shock response (HSR), unfolded protein responses of the mitochondria (UPRMT), and the unfolded protein response of the endoplasmic reticulum (UPRER). As cells grow older, all cellular stress responses have been shown to deteriorate, which is a major cause for the physiological consequences of aging and the development of numerous age-associated diseases. In contrast, elevated stress responses are often associated with lifespan extension and amelioration of degenerative diseases in different model organisms, including C. elegans. Activating cellular stress response pathways could be considered as an effective intervention to alleviate the burden of aging by restoring function of essential damage-clearing machinery, including the ubiquitin-proteosome system, chaperones, and autophagy. Here, we provide an overview of newly emerging concepts of these stress response pathways in healthy aging and longevity with a focus on the model organism, C. elegans.
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Augmentation of the heat shock axis during exceptional longevity in Ames dwarf mice. GeroScience 2021; 43:1921-1934. [PMID: 33846884 PMCID: PMC8492860 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00362-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
How the heat shock axis, repair pathways, and proteostasis impact the rate of aging is not fully understood. Recent reports indicate that normal aging leads to a 50% change in several regulatory elements of the heat shock axis. Most notably is the age-dependent enhancement of inhibitory signals associated with accumulated heat shock proteins and hyper-acetylation associated with marked attenuation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1)–DNA binding activity. Because exceptional longevity is associated with increased resistance to stress, this study evaluated regulatory check points of the heat shock axis in liver extracts from 12 months and 24 months long-lived Ames dwarf mice and compared these findings with aging wild-type mice. This analysis showed that 12M dwarf and wild-type mice have comparable stress responses, whereas old dwarf mice, unlike old wild-type mice, preserve and enhance activating elements of the heat shock axis. Old dwarf mice thwart negative regulation of the heat shock axis typically observed in usual aging such as noted in HSF1 phosphorylation at Ser307 residue, acetylation within its DNA binding domain, and reduction in proteins that attenuate HSF1–DNA binding. Unlike usual aging, dwarf HSF1 protein and mRNA levels increase with age and further enhance by stress. Together these observations suggest that exceptional longevity is associated with compensatory and enhanced HSF1 regulation as an adaptation to age-dependent forces that otherwise downregulate the heat shock axis.
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Dietary restriction improves proteostasis and increases life span through endoplasmic reticulum hormesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:17383-17392. [PMID: 31413197 PMCID: PMC6717303 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1900055116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) deteriorates with age and fails to mount an effective stress response against misfolded proteins (UPRER), leading to protein folding disorders. However, preconditioning the ER using a mild ER stress (ER hormesis) can protect against future insults. We show that dietary restriction, an intervention that protects against protein misfolding disorders and increases life span across species, uses ER hormesis as a mechanism of action. Simply mimicking the ER hormesis in Caenorhabditis elegans by transient treatment with pharmacological reagents leads to delayed age-onset failure of UPRER, better capacity to process misfolded proteins, and increased life span. We also show that this process may be conserved in a mammalian cellular model of neurodegenerative disease. Unfolded protein response (UPR) of the endoplasmic reticulum (UPRER) helps maintain proteostasis in the cell. The ability to mount an effective UPRER to external stress (iUPRER) decreases with age and is linked to the pathophysiology of multiple age-related disorders. Here, we show that a transient pharmacological ER stress, imposed early in development on Caenorhabditis elegans, enhances proteostasis, prevents iUPRER decline with age, and increases adult life span. Importantly, dietary restriction (DR), that has a conserved positive effect on life span, employs this mechanism of ER hormesis for longevity assurance. We found that only the IRE-1–XBP-1 branch of UPRER is required for the longevity effects, resulting in increased ER-associated degradation (ERAD) gene expression and degradation of ER resident proteins during DR. Further, both ER hormesis and DR protect against polyglutamine aggregation in an IRE-1–dependent manner. We show that the DR-specific FOXA transcription factor PHA-4 transcriptionally regulates the genes required for ER homeostasis and is required for ER preconditioning-induced life span extension. Finally, we show that ER hormesis improves proteostasis and viability in a mammalian cellular model of neurodegenerative disease. Together, our study identifies a mechanism by which DR offers its benefits and opens the possibility of using ER-targeted pharmacological interventions to mimic the prolongevity effects of DR.
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Mane NR, Gajare KA, Deshmukh AA. Mild heat stress induces hormetic effects in protecting the primary culture of mouse prefrontal cerebrocortical neurons from neuropathological alterations. IBRO Rep 2018; 5:110-115. [PMID: 30519667 PMCID: PMC6260229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormesis is a dose response phenomenon of cells and organisms to various types of stressors. Mild stress stimulates prosurvival pathways and makes the cells adaptive to stressful conditions. It is a widely used fundamental dose-response phenomenon in many biomedical and toxicological sciences, radiation biology, health science etc. Mild heat stress is an easily applicable hormetic agent that exerts consistent results. In the present investigations mouse cerebrocortical prefrontal neurons from E17 mouse embryos were grown in the laboratory on poly-L-lysine coated glass cover slips. The cells from the mild heat stressed group were subjected to a hyperthermic stress of 38 °C for 30 min every alternate day (i.e. mild heat stress was repeated after 48 h) up to the sixth day. After completion of twenty four hours of the final i.e. third exposure of the mild heat stress, the neurons were fixed for the cytochemical studies of neurofibrillary tangles, senile plaques, lipofuscin granules and Nissl substance. There was highly significant decrease in the neuropathological alterations (viz. deposition of Neurofibrillary tangles, deposition of senile plaques, accumulation of Lipofuscin granules) in the neurons from the mild heat stressed group as compared to control. Moreover, the Nissl substance was significantly preserved in the mild heat stressed group as compared to control. The results indicate that the applied mild heat stress (38 °C for 30 min) exerts beneficial effects on the prefrontal cerebrocortical neurons by slowing down the neuropathological alterations, suggesting the hormetic effect of the mild heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan R. Mane
- Cellular Stress Response Laboratory, Cell Biology Division, Department of Zoology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, 416 004, India
| | - Kavita A. Gajare
- Department of Zoology, The New College Kolhapur, Maharashtra, 416 012, India
| | - Ashish A. Deshmukh
- Cellular Stress Response Laboratory, Cell Biology Division, Department of Zoology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, 416 004, India
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Stone J, Mitrofanis J, Johnstone DM, Falsini B, Bisti S, Adam P, Nuevo AB, George-Weinstein M, Mason R, Eells J. Acquired Resilience: An Evolved System of Tissue Protection in Mammals. Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325818803428. [PMID: 30627064 PMCID: PMC6311597 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818803428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review brings together observations on the stress-induced regulation of resilience mechanisms in body tissues. It is argued that the stresses that induce tissue resilience in mammals arise from everyday sources: sunlight, food, lack of food, hypoxia and physical stresses. At low levels, these stresses induce an organised protective response in probably all tissues; and, at some higher level, cause tissue destruction. This pattern of response to stress is well known to toxicologists, who have termed it hormesis. The phenotypes of resilience are diverse and reports of stress-induced resilience are to be found in journals of neuroscience, sports medicine, cancer, healthy ageing, dementia, parkinsonism, ophthalmology and more. This diversity makes the proposing of a general concept of induced resilience a significant task, which this review attempts. We suggest that a system of stress-induced tissue resilience has evolved to enhance the survival of animals. By analogy with acquired immunity, we term this system 'acquired resilience'. Evidence is reviewed that acquired resilience, like acquired immunity, fades with age. This fading is, we suggest, a major component of ageing. Understanding of acquired resilience may, we argue, open pathways for the maintenance of good health in the later decades of human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Stone
- Discipline of Physiology, Bosch Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Mitrofanis
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, Bosch Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel M. Johnstone
- Discipline of Physiology, Bosch Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Benedetto Falsini
- Facolta’ di Medicina e Chirurgia, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli, Universita’ Cattolica del S. Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Bisti
- Department of Biotechnical and Applied Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi dell’Aquila, IIT Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genova and INBB Istituto Nazionale Biosistemi e Biostrutture, Rome, Italy
| | - Paul Adam
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Arturo Bravo Nuevo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mindy George-Weinstein
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Mason
- Discipline of Physiology, Bosch Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janis Eells
- College of Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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11
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Barna J, Csermely P, Vellai T. Roles of heat shock factor 1 beyond the heat shock response. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2897-2916. [PMID: 29774376 PMCID: PMC11105406 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2836-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Various stress factors leading to protein damage induce the activation of an evolutionarily conserved cell protective mechanism, the heat shock response (HSR), to maintain protein homeostasis in virtually all eukaryotic cells. Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) plays a central role in the HSR. HSF1 was initially known as a transcription factor that upregulates genes encoding heat shock proteins (HSPs), also called molecular chaperones, which assist in refolding or degrading injured intracellular proteins. However, recent accumulating evidence indicates multiple additional functions for HSF1 beyond the activation of HSPs. Here, we present a nearly comprehensive list of non-HSP-related target genes of HSF1 identified so far. Through controlling these targets, HSF1 acts in diverse stress-induced cellular processes and molecular mechanisms, including the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response and ubiquitin-proteasome system, multidrug resistance, autophagy, apoptosis, immune response, cell growth arrest, differentiation underlying developmental diapause, chromatin remodelling, cancer development, and ageing. Hence, HSF1 emerges as a major orchestrator of cellular stress response pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Barna
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Stny. 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE Genetics Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Csermely
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Vellai
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter Stny. 1/C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
- MTA-ELTE Genetics Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
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12
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Silva-Palacios A, Ostolga-Chavarría M, Buelna-Chontal M, Garibay C, Hernández-Reséndiz S, Roldán FJ, Flores PL, Luna-López A, Königsberg M, Zazueta C. 3-NP-induced Huntington's-like disease impairs Nrf2 activation without loss of cardiac function in aged rats. Exp Gerontol 2017. [PMID: 28624355 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the leading causes of death in patients over 60years with Huntington's disease (HD). Here, we investigated if age-related oxidative stress (OS) is a relevant factor to develop cardiac damage in an in vivo model of striatal neurodegeneration induced by 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP). We also evaluated the potential effect of tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) to increase the Nrf2-regulated antioxidant response in hearts from adult and aged rats intoxicated with 3-NP. Our results showed that 3-NP-treatment did not induce cardiac dysfunction, neither in adult nor in aged rats. However, at the cellular level, adult animals showed higher susceptibility to 3-NP-induced damage than aged rats, which suggest that chronic oxidative stress ongoing during aging might have induced an hormetic response that probably prevented from further 3-NP damage. We also found that the oxidative unbalance concurs with unresponsiveness of the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response in old animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Silva-Palacios
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, Mexico; Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico; Programa de Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico
| | - M Ostolga-Chavarría
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, Mexico
| | - M Buelna-Chontal
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, Mexico
| | - C Garibay
- Departamento de Neuropatología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico
| | - S Hernández-Reséndiz
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, Mexico
| | - F J Roldán
- Departamento de Ecocardiografía, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, Mexico
| | - P L Flores
- Departamento de Instrumentación Electromecánica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, Mexico
| | - A Luna-López
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico
| | - M Königsberg
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico
| | - C Zazueta
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, Mexico.
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13
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Kumsta C, Chang JT, Schmalz J, Hansen M. Hormetic heat stress and HSF-1 induce autophagy to improve survival and proteostasis in C. elegans. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14337. [PMID: 28198373 PMCID: PMC5316864 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress-response pathways have evolved to maintain cellular homeostasis and to ensure the survival of organisms under changing environmental conditions. Whereas severe stress is detrimental, mild stress can be beneficial for health and survival, known as hormesis. Although the universally conserved heat-shock response regulated by transcription factor HSF-1 has been implicated as an effector mechanism, the role and possible interplay with other cellular processes, such as autophagy, remains poorly understood. Here we show that autophagy is induced in multiple tissues of Caenorhabditis elegans following hormetic heat stress or HSF-1 overexpression. Autophagy-related genes are required for the thermoresistance and longevity of animals exposed to hormetic heat shock or HSF-1 overexpression. Hormetic heat shock also reduces the progressive accumulation of PolyQ aggregates in an autophagy-dependent manner. These findings demonstrate that autophagy contributes to stress resistance and hormesis, and reveal a requirement for autophagy in HSF-1-regulated functions in the heat-shock response, proteostasis and ageing. Mild heat stress has beneficial effects on organismal health and survival. Here, Kumsta et al. show that a mild heat shock and HSF-1 overexpression induce autophagy in multiple tissues of C. elegans and autophagy-related genes are essential for both heat shock-induced and HSF-1–mediated stress resistance and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Kumsta
- Development, Aging, and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Jessica T Chang
- Development, Aging, and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Jessica Schmalz
- Development, Aging, and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Malene Hansen
- Development, Aging, and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Hormesis: Decoding Two Sides of the Same Coin. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2015; 8:865-83. [PMID: 26694419 PMCID: PMC4695814 DOI: 10.3390/ph8040865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the paradigm of drug administration, determining the correct dosage of a therapeutic is often a challenge. Several drugs have been noted to demonstrate contradictory effects per se at high and low doses. This duality in function of a drug at different concentrations is known as hormesis. Therefore, it becomes necessary to study these biphasic functions in order to understand the mechanistic basis of their effects. In this article, we focus on different molecules and pathways associated with diseases that possess a duality in their function and thus prove to be the seat of hormesis. In particular, we have highlighted the pathways and factors involved in the progression of cancer and how the biphasic behavior of the molecules involved can alter the manifestations of cancer. Because of the pragmatic role that it exhibits, the imminent need is to draw attention to the concept of hormesis. Herein, we also discuss different stressors that trigger hormesis and how stress-mediated responses increase the overall adaptive response of an individual to stress stimulus. We talk about common pathways through which cancer progresses (such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Nrf2-Keap1), sirtuin-forkhead box O (SIRT-FOXO) and others), analyzing how diverse molecules associated with these pathways conform to hormesis.
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15
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Dattilo S, Mancuso C, Koverech G, Di Mauro P, Ontario ML, Petralia CC, Petralia A, Maiolino L, Serra A, Calabrese EJ, Calabrese V. Heat shock proteins and hormesis in the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Immun Ageing 2015; 12:20. [PMID: 26543490 PMCID: PMC4634585 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-015-0046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of endogenous cellular defense mechanisms via the vitagene system represents an innovative approach to therapeutic intervention in diseases causing chronic tissue damage, such as in neurodegeneration. The possibility of high-throughoutput screening using proteomic techniques, particularly redox proteomics, provide more comprehensive overview of the interaction of proteins, as well as the interplay among processes involved in neuroprotection. Here by introducing the hormetic dose response concept, the mechanistic foundations and applications to the field of neuroprotection, we discuss the emerging role of heat shock protein as prominent member of vitagene network in neuroprotection and redox proteomics as a tool for investigating redox modulation of stress responsive vitagenes. Hormetic mechanisms are reviewed as possibility of targeted therapeutic manipulation in a cell-, tissue- and/or pathway-specific manner at appropriate points in the neurodegenerative disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Dattilo
- />Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Andrea Doria, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Cesare Mancuso
- />Institute of Pharmacology, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Koverech
- />Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Andrea Doria, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Paola Di Mauro
- />Department of Medical and Surgery Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Ontario
- />Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Andrea Doria, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Antonino Petralia
- />Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Luigi Maiolino
- />Department of Medical and Surgery Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Agostino Serra
- />Department of Medical and Surgery Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Edward J. Calabrese
- />Environmental Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA USA
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- />Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Andrea Doria, 95100 Catania, Italy
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16
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Beaulieu M, Geiger RE, Reim E, Zielke L, Fischer K. Reproduction alters oxidative status when it is traded-off against longevity. Evolution 2015; 69:1786-96. [PMID: 26095834 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been proposed to mediate one of the most important aspects of life-history evolution: the trade-off between reproduction and self-maintenance. However, empirical studies have cast doubt on the generality of this intriguing notion. Here, we hypothesize that reproduction alters oxidative status only when a trade-off between reproduction and self-maintenance occurs. Accordingly, in female Bicyclus anynana butterflies, we found that reproduction affected oxidative markers only under challenging thermal conditions that made the trade-off between reproduction and longevity emerge. Interestingly, under such conditions, butterflies favored longevity over reproduction, suggesting that self-maintenance mechanisms were activated. Accordingly, butterflies reproducing under challenging thermal conditions exhibited enhanced antioxidant defenses and stable oxidative damage. Altogether, our results indicate that a trade-off between reproduction and self-maintenance is indeed a necessary condition for reproduction to alter oxidative status, and that the effects of such a trade-off on oxidative status depend on whether priority is given to self-maintenance or reproduction. Assessing the existence of the trade-off between self-maintenance and reproduction, and whether self-maintenance is prioritized relative to reproduction is therefore crucial for understanding variation in oxidative status in reproducing animals, which may clarify the general implication of oxidative stress in the resolution of life-history trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Beaulieu
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Johann-Sebastian Bach Str. 11/12, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Rina E Geiger
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Johann-Sebastian Bach Str. 11/12, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Reim
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Johann-Sebastian Bach Str. 11/12, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Luisa Zielke
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Johann-Sebastian Bach Str. 11/12, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Klaus Fischer
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Johann-Sebastian Bach Str. 11/12, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
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17
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Luna–López A, González-Puertos VY, López-Diazguerrero NE, Königsberg M. New considerations on hormetic response against oxidative stress. J Cell Commun Signal 2014; 8:323-31. [PMID: 25284448 PMCID: PMC4390794 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-014-0248-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to survive living organisms have developed multiple mechanisms to deal with tough environmental conditions. Hormesis is defined as a process in which exposure to a low dose of a chemical agent or environmental factor that is damaging at higher doses induces an adaptive beneficial effect on the cell or organism. In this paper, we examine several ideas that might be taken into consideration before using hormesis as a therapeutic tool to improve health and life span, and hopefully will open the discussion for new and interesting debates regard hormesis. The first one is to understand that the same stressor or inductor can activate different pathways in a parallel or dual response, which might lead to diverse outcomes. Another idea is related to the mechanisms involved in activating Nrf2, which might be different and have diverse hormetic effects.Last, we discuss mild oxidative stress in association to low-grade chronic inflammation as a stimulating avenue to be explored and the unexpected effects proposed by the obesity paradox theory. All the previous might help to clarify the reasons why centenarians are able to reach the extreme limits of human life span, which could probably be related to the way they deal with homeostasis maintenance, providing an opportunity for hormesis to intervene significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viridiana Y. González-Puertos
- />Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, A.P. 55-535, C.P 09340 México, D.F Mexico
| | - Norma E. López-Diazguerrero
- />Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, A.P. 55-535, C.P 09340 México, D.F Mexico
| | - Mina Königsberg
- />Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, A.P. 55-535, C.P 09340 México, D.F Mexico
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18
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Danilov A, Shaposhnikov M, Plyusnina E, Kogan V, Fedichev P, Moskalev A. Selective anticancer agents suppress aging in Drosophila. Oncotarget 2014; 4:1507-26. [PMID: 24096697 PMCID: PMC3824538 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the PI3K, TOR, iNOS, and NF-κB genes increase lifespan of model organisms and reduce the risk of some aging-associated diseases. We studied the effects of inhibitors of PI3K (wortmannin), TOR (rapamycin), iNOS (1400W), NF-κB (pyrrolidin dithiocarbamate and QNZ), and the combined effects of inhibitors: PI3K (wortmannin) and TOR (rapamycin), NF-κB (pyrrolidin dithiocarbamates) and PI3K (wortmannin), NF-κB (pyrrolidine dithiocarbamates) and TOR (rapamycin) on Drosophila melanogaster lifespan and quality of life (locomotor activity and fertility). Our data demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of PI3K, TOR, NF-κB, and iNOS increases lifespan of Drosophila without decreasing quality of life. The greatest lifespan expanding effect was achieved by a combination of rapamycin (5 μM) and wortmannin (5 μM) (by 23.4%). The bioinformatic analysis (KEGG, REACTOME.PATH, DOLite, and GO.BP) showed the greatest aging-suppressor activity of rapamycin, consistent with experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Danilov
- Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russia
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19
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Menendez JA, Joven J, Aragonès G, Barrajón-Catalán E, Beltrán-Debón R, Borrás-Linares I, Camps J, Corominas-Faja B, Cufí S, Fernández-Arroyo S, Garcia-Heredia A, Hernández-Aguilera A, Herranz-López M, Jiménez-Sánchez C, López-Bonet E, Lozano-Sánchez J, Luciano-Mateo F, Martin-Castillo B, Martin-Paredero V, Pérez-Sánchez A, Oliveras-Ferraros C, Riera-Borrull M, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Quirantes-Piné R, Rull A, Tomás-Menor L, Vazquez-Martin A, Alonso-Villaverde C, Micol V, Segura-Carretero A. Xenohormetic and anti-aging activity of secoiridoid polyphenols present in extra virgin olive oil: a new family of gerosuppressant agents. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:555-78. [PMID: 23370395 DOI: 10.4161/cc.23756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging can be viewed as a quasi-programmed phenomenon driven by the overactivation of the nutrient-sensing mTOR gerogene. mTOR-driven aging can be triggered or accelerated by a decline or loss of responsiveness to activation of the energy-sensing protein AMPK, a critical gerosuppressor of mTOR. The occurrence of age-related diseases, therefore, reflects the synergistic interaction between our evolutionary path to sedentarism, which chronically increases a number of mTOR activating gero-promoters (e.g., food, growth factors, cytokines and insulin) and the "defective design" of central metabolic integrators such as mTOR and AMPK. Our laboratories at the Bioactive Food Component Platform in Spain have initiated a systematic approach to molecularly elucidate and clinically explore whether the "xenohormesis hypothesis," which states that stress-induced synthesis of plant polyphenols and many other phytochemicals provides an environmental chemical signature that upregulates stress-resistance pathways in plant consumers, can be explained in terms of the reactivity of the AMPK/mTOR-axis to so-called xenohormetins. Here, we explore the AMPK/mTOR-xenohormetic nature of complex polyphenols naturally present in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), a pivotal component of the Mediterranean style diet that has been repeatedly associated with a reduction in age-related morbid conditions and longer life expectancy. Using crude EVOO phenolic extracts highly enriched in the secoiridoids oleuropein aglycon and decarboxymethyl oleuropein aglycon, we show for the first time that (1) the anticancer activity of EVOO secoiridoids is related to the activation of anti-aging/cellular stress-like gene signatures, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response, spermidine and polyamine metabolism, sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and NRF2 signaling; (2) EVOO secoiridoids activate AMPK and suppress crucial genes involved in the Warburg effect and the self-renewal capacity of "immortal" cancer stem cells; (3) EVOO secoiridoids prevent age-related changes in the cell size, morphological heterogeneity, arrayed cell arrangement and senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining of normal diploid human fibroblasts at the end of their proliferative lifespans. EVOO secoiridoids, which provide an effective defense against plant attack by herbivores and pathogens, are bona fide xenohormetins that are able to activate the gerosuppressor AMPK and trigger numerous resveratrol-like anti-aging transcriptomic signatures. As such, EVOO secoiridoids constitute a new family of plant-produced gerosuppressant agents that molecularly "repair" the aimless (and harmful) AMPK/mTOR-driven quasi-program that leads to aging and aging-related diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Menendez
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain.
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20
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Leontieva OV, Paszkiewicz GM, Blagosklonny MV. Mechanistic or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) may determine robustness in young male mice at the cost of accelerated aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2012; 4:899-916. [PMID: 23443503 PMCID: PMC3615157 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Males, who are bigger and stronger than females, live shorter in most species from flies to mammals including humans. Cellular mass growth is driven in part by mTOR (Target of Rapamycin). When developmental growth is completed, then, instead of growth, mTOR drives aging, manifested by increased cellular functions, such as hyper-secretion by fibroblasts, thus altering homeostasis, leading to age-related diseases and death. We hypothesize that MTOR activity is elevated in male mice compared with females. Noteworthy, 6 months old males were 28 % heavier than females. Also levels of phosphorylated S6 (pS6) and phospho-AKT (p-AKT, Ser 473), markers of the mTOR activity, were higher in male organs tested. Levels of pS6 were highly variable among mice and correlated with body weight and p-AKT. With age, the difference between levels of pS6 between sexes tended to minimize, albeit males still had hyperactive mTOR. Unlike fasting, the intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of rapamycin eliminated pS6 in all organs of all females measured by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry without affecting p-AKT and blood insulin. Although i.p. rapamycin dramatically decreased levels of pS6 in males too, it was still detectable by immunoblotting upon longer exposure. Our study demonstrated that both tissue p-AKT and pS6 were higher in young male mice and were associated with increased body weight and insulin. These data can explain bigger body size and faster aging in males. Our data suggest higher efficacy of rapamycin compared to fasting. Higher sensitivity of females to rapamycin may explain more pronounced life extension by rapamycin observed in females compared to males in several studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Leontieva
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, BLSC, L3-312, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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21
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Moskalev A, Plyusnina E, Shaposhnikov M, Shilova L, Kazachenok A, Zhavoronkov A. The role of D-GADD45 in oxidative, thermal and genotoxic stress resistance. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:4222-41. [PMID: 23095639 PMCID: PMC3524218 DOI: 10.4161/cc.22545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a relationship between various cellular stress factors and aging. In earlier studies, we demonstrated that overexpression of the D-GADD45 gene increases the life span of Drosophila melanogaster. In this study, we investigate the relationship between D-GADD45 activity and resistance to oxidative, genotoxic and thermal stresses as well as starvation. In most cases, flies with constitutive and conditional D-GADD45 overexpression in the nervous system were more stress-resistant than ones without overexpression. At the same time, most of the studied stress factors increased D-GADD45 expression in the wild-type strain. The lifespan-extending effect of D-GADD45 overexpression was also retained after exposure to chronic and acute gamma-irradiation, with doses of 40 сGy and 30 Gy, respectively. However, knocking out D-GADD45 resulted in a significant reduction in lifespan, lack of radiation hormesis and radioadaptive response. A dramatic decrease in the spontaneous level of D-GADD45 expression was observed in the nervous system as age progressed, which may be one of the causes of the age-related deterioration of organismal stress resistance. Thus, D-GADD45 expression is activated by most of the studied stress factors, and D-GADD45 overexpression resulted in an increase of stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Moskalev
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiobiology and Gerontology, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia.
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22
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Abstract
Weak stresses (including weak oxidative stress, cytostatic agents, heat shock, hypoxia, calorie restriction) may extend lifespan. Known as hormesis, this is the most controversial notion in gerontology. For one, it is believed that aging is caused by accumulation of molecular damage. If so, hormetic stresses (by causing damage) must shorten lifespan. To solve the paradox, it was suggested that, by activating repair, hormetic stresses eventually decrease damage. Similarly, Baron Munchausen escaped from a swamp by pulling himself up by his own hair. Instead, I discuss that aging is not caused by accumulation of molecular damage. Although molecular damage accumulates, organisms do not live long enough to age from this accumulation. Instead, aging is driven by overactivated signal-transduction pathways including the TOR (Target of Rapamycin) pathway. A diverse group of hormetic conditions can be divided into two groups. "Hormesis A" inhibits the TOR pathway. "Hormesis B" increases aging-tolerance, defined as the ability to survive catastrophic complications of aging. Hormesis A includes calorie restriction, resveratrol, rapamycin, p53-inducing agents and, in part, physical exercise, heat shock and hypoxia. Hormesis B includes ischemic preconditioning and, in part, physical exercise, heat shock, hypoxia and medical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V Blagosklonny
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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Rattan SIS, Kryzch V, Schnebert S, Perrier E, Nizard C. Hormesis-based anti-aging products: a case study of a novel cosmetic. Dose Response 2012; 11:99-108. [PMID: 23548988 DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.11-054.rattan] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of hormesis in aging research and interventions is becoming increasingly attractive and successful. The reason for this is the realization that mild stress-induced activation of one or more stress response (SR) pathways, and its consequent stimulation of repair mechanisms, is effective in reducing the age-related accumulation of molecular damage. For example, repeated heat stress-induced synthesis of heat shock proteins has been shown to have a variety of anti-aging effects on growth and other cellular and biochemical characteristics of normal human skin fibroblasts, keratinocytes and endothelial cells undergoing aging in vitro. Therefore, searching for potential hormetins - conditions and compounds eliciting SR-mediated hormesis - is drawing attention of not only the researchers but also the industry involved in developing healthcare products, including nutriceuticals, functional foods and cosmeceuticals. Here we present the example of a skin care cosmetic as one of the first successful product developments incorporating the ideas of hormesis. This was based on the studies to analyse the molecular effects of active ingredients extracted from the roots of the Chinese herb Sanchi (Panax notoginseng) on gene expression at the level of mRNAs and proteins in human skin cells. The results showed that the ginsenosides extracted from Sanchi induced the transcription of stress genes and increased the synthesis of stress proteins, especially the heat shock protein HSP1A1 or Hsp70, in normal human keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, this extract also has significant positive effects against facial wrinkles and other symptoms of facial skin aging as tested clinically, which may be due to its hormetic mode of action by stress-induced synthesis of chaperones involved in protein repair and removal of abnormal proteins. Acceptance of such a hormesis-based product by the wider public could be instrumental in the social recognition of the concept of hormesis as the beneficial effects of mild stress of choice, and will encourage the development of novel health care products with physical, nutritional and mental hormetins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh I S Rattan
- Laboratory of Cellular Ageing, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Denmark
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Plyusnina EN, Shaposhnikov MV, Moskalev AA. Increase of Drosophila melanogaster lifespan due to D-GADD45 overexpression in the nervous system. Biogerontology 2011; 12:211-26. [PMID: 21153055 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-010-9311-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The GADD45 protein family plays an important role in stress signaling and participates in the integration of cellular response to environmental and physiological factors. GADD45 proteins are involved in cell cycle control, DNA repair, apoptosis, cell survival and aging, and inflammatory response by complicated protein-protein interactions. In Drosophila melanogaster a single D-GADD45 ortholog (GG1086) has been described. Our data show that overexpression of the D-GADD45 gene in the nervous system leads to a significantly increase of Drosophila lifespan without a decrease in fecundity and locomotor activity. The lifespan extension effect is more pronounced in males than in females, which agrees with the sex-dependent expression of this gene. The longevity of D. melanogaster with D-GADD45 overexpression is apparently due to more efficient recognition and repair of DNA damage, as the DNA comet assay showed that the spontaneous DNA damage in the larva neuroblasts is reduced with statistical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Plyusnina
- Ural Division, Komi Science Center, Institute of Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
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25
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Dams SD, de Liefde-van Beest M, Nuijs AM, Oomens CWJ, Baaijens FPT. Heat shocks enhance procollagen type I and III expression in fibroblasts in ex vivo human skin. Skin Res Technol 2011; 17:167-80. [PMID: 21251083 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2010.00473.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The well-known characteristics of aging skin are the development of fine lines and wrinkles, but changes in skin tone, skin texture, thickness and moisture content are also aspects of aging. Rejuvenation of the skin aims at reversing the signs of aging and can be established in the epidermis as well as in the dermis. Aged dermis, in fact, has a degenerated collagen matrix. To regenerate this matrix, fibroblasts need to be stimulated into synthesizing new collagen. AIMS In this study, the effects of heat shocks of different temperatures on human dermal fibroblasts in ex vivo skin on the expression of procollagen 1, procollagen 3, heat shock protein (hsp)27, hsp47, and hsp70 are investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The heat shocks were applied on ex vivo skin samples by immersing the samples in heated phosphate-buffered saline of 45 °C or 60 °C. Metabolic activity was measured and at similar time points propidium-iodide-calceine staining was performed to establish cell viability. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed after the heat shock to determine gene expression levels relative to the reference temperature. Furthermore, PicroSirius Red and hematoxylin stainings were performed to visualize the collagen network and the cells. RESULTS The skin samples were shown to be viable and metabolically active. Histology indicated that the heat shocks did not influence the structure of the collagen network or cell appearance. qPCR results showed that in contrast to the 45 °C heat shock the 60 °C heat shock resulted in significant upregulations of procollagen type I and III, hsp70 and hsp47. CONCLUSION A 60 °C, heat shock stimulates the human dermal fibroblasts in ex vivo skin to upregulate their procollagen type I and type III expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Dams
- Philips Research Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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26
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Swindell WR. Metallothionein and the biology of aging. Ageing Res Rev 2011; 10:132-45. [PMID: 20933613 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2010.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metallothionein (MT) is a low molecular weight protein with anti-apoptotic properties that has been demonstrated to scavenge free radicals in vitro. MT has not been extensively investigated within the context of aging biology. The purpose of this review, therefore, is to discuss findings on MT that are relevant to basic aging mechanisms and to draw attention to the possible role of MT in pro-longevity interventions. MT is one of just a handful of proteins that, when overexpressed, has been demonstrated to increase mouse lifespan. MT also protects against development of obesity in mice provided a high fat diet as well as diet-induced oxidative stress damage. Abundance of MT is responsive to caloric restriction (CR) and inhibition of the insulin/insulin-like signaling (IIS) pathway, and elevated MT gene expression has been observed in tissues from fasted and CR-fed mice, long-lived dwarf mice, worms maintained under CR conditions, and long-lived daf-2 mutant worms. The dysregulation of MT in these systems is likely to have tissue-specific effects on aging outcomes. Further investigation will therefore be needed to understand how MT contributes to the response of invertebrates and mice to CR and the endocrine mutations studied by aging researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Swindell
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School New Research Building, Room 0464, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Morrow G, Kim HJ, Le Pécheur M, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R, Tanguay RM. Protection from aging by small chaperones: A trade-off with cancer? Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1197:67-75. [PMID: 20536835 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05413.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a complex process accompanied by a decreased capacity of cells to cope with random molecular damages. Damaged proteins can form aggregates and have cytotoxic properties, a feature of many age-associated diseases. Small Hsps are chaperones involved in the refolding and/or disposal of protein aggregates. In Drosophila melanogaster, the mitochondrial DmHsp22 is preferentially upregulated during aging. Its over-expression results in an extension of lifespan (>30%) and an increased resistance to stress. Although DmHsp22 has a chaperone-like activity in vitro, additional mechanisms by which it may extend lifespan in vivo are unknown. Genome-wide transcriptional analysis and comparative mitochondrial proteomic analysis by MALDI-TOF were performed to unveil differences in long-lived DmHsp22 over-expressing flies. Flies over-expressing DmHsp22 display an upregulation of genes normally downregulated with age and involved in energy production and protein biosynthesis. Interestingly, DmHsp22 over-expression extended lifespan of normal fibroblasts by slowing the aging process. However, its expression also increased the malignant properties of human transformed cells. The delicate balance between beneficial and noxious effects of this small chaperone are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Morrow
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Genetics, Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes and PROTEO Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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28
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Kai H, Suico MA, Morino S, Kondo T, Oba M, Noguchi M, Shuto T, Araki E. A novel combination of mild electrical stimulation and hyperthermia: general concepts and applications. Int J Hyperthermia 2010; 25:655-60. [PMID: 20021226 DOI: 10.3109/02656730903039605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the basic concepts, effects and applications of hyperthermia and mild electrical stimulation (MES) using low-intensity direct current. It also proposes a novel combinatorial use of MES and hyperthermia, and briefly outlines the rationale and the effects of MES and hyperthermia combination treatment on certain diseases (diabetes, hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury and gastric ulcer). The integrated modalities of MES and hyperthermia might find therapeutic applications to stress-induced diseases and intractable diseases of dysregulated signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Kai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Global COE Cell Fate Regulation Research and Education Unit, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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29
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Kruglikov IL, Sontag W. Ultrasound of 10 MHz frequency as a novel strategy for skin anti-aging therapy. Med Hypotheses 2009; 74:620-1. [PMID: 19942353 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 10/31/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Dasuri K, Zhang L, Ebenezer P, Liu Y, Fernandez-Kim SO, Keller JN. Aging and dietary restriction alter proteasome biogenesis and composition in the brain and liver. Mech Ageing Dev 2009; 130:777-83. [PMID: 19896962 PMCID: PMC2942759 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Revised: 10/03/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Interventions such as dietary restriction (DR) have been reported to ameliorate age-related proteasome inhibition in some tissues. Currently it is not known what effects aging and DR have on proteasome biogenesis in the liver and brain, nor have previous studies identified the links between changes in proteasome composition, biogenesis, and activity in the aging brain and liver. In the present study we demonstrate that the brain and liver exhibit age-dependent decreases in 26S and 20S proteasome activity. Additionally, our studies demonstrate that the brain and liver undergo selective changes in proteasome biology, including increases in proteasome biogenesis in response to aging and DR, with the liver exhibit more robust plasticity as compared to the brain. Lastly, studies demonstrated that aging and DR alter the interaction of Hsp90 with the 20S proteasome complex in the brain and liver. These studies affirm the dynamic nature of the proteasome complexes in both the liver and brain following aging and DR. Additionally, these data indicate that the relationship between proteasome composition/biogenesis and proteasome activity in tissues is extremely complex and tissue specific. These data have implications for understanding the effects of tissue specific effects of aging and DR on protein turnover and proteotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalavathi Dasuri
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center/Louisiana State University System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808-4124, USA
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31
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Wu D, Cypser JR, Yashin AI, Johnson TE. Multiple mild heat-shocks decrease the Gompertz component of mortality in Caenorhabditis elegans. Exp Gerontol 2009; 44:607-12. [PMID: 19580861 PMCID: PMC2753291 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2009.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Revised: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to mild heat-stress (heat-shock) can significantly increase the life expectancy of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. A single heat-shock early in life extends longevity by 20% or more and affects life-long mortality by decreasing initial mortality only; the rate of increase in subsequent mortality (Gompertz component) is unchanged. Repeated mild heat-shocks throughout life have a larger effect on life span than does a single heat-shock early in life. Here, we ask how multiple heat-shocks affect the mortality trajectory in nematodes and find increases of life expectancy of close to 50% and of maximum longevity as well. We examined mortality using large numbers of animals and found that multiple heat-shocks not only decrease initial mortality, but also slow the Gompertz rate of increase in mortality. Thus, multiple heat-shocks have anti-aging hormetic effects and represent an effective approach for modulating aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqing Wu
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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Lindner AB, Demarez A. Protein aggregation as a paradigm of aging. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2009; 1790:980-96. [PMID: 19527771 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Revised: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The process of physiological decline leading to death of the individual is driven by the deteriorating capacity to withstand extrinsic and intrinsic hazards, resulting in damage accumulation with age. The dynamic changes with time of the network governing the outcome of misfolded proteins, exemplifying as intrinsic hazards, is considered here as a paradigm of aging. The main features of the network, namely, the non-linear increase of damage and the presence of amplifying feedback loops within the system are presented through a survey of the different components of the network and related cellular processes in aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel B Lindner
- INSERM U571, Paris Descartes University, Paris, F-75015, France.
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Hipkiss AR. Carnosine and its possible roles in nutrition and health. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2009; 57:87-154. [PMID: 19595386 DOI: 10.1016/s1043-4526(09)57003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The dipeptide carnosine has been observed to exert antiaging activity at cellular and whole animal levels. This review discusses the possible mechanisms by which carnosine may exert antiaging action and considers whether the dipeptide could be beneficial to humans. Carnosine's possible biological activities include scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), chelator of zinc and copper ions, and antiglycating and anticross-linking activities. Carnosine's ability to react with deleterious aldehydes such as malondialdehyde, methylglyoxal, hydroxynonenal, and acetaldehyde may also contribute to its protective functions. Physiologically carnosine may help to suppress some secondary complications of diabetes, and the deleterious consequences of ischemic-reperfusion injury, most likely due to antioxidation and carbonyl-scavenging functions. Other, and much more speculative, possible functions of carnosine considered include transglutaminase inhibition, stimulation of proteolysis mediated via effects on proteasome activity or induction of protease and stress-protein gene expression, upregulation of corticosteroid synthesis, stimulation of protein repair, and effects on ADP-ribose metabolism associated with sirtuin and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) activities. Evidence for carnosine's possible protective action against secondary diabetic complications, neurodegeneration, cancer, and other age-related pathologies is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Hipkiss
- School of Clinicial and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, The Univeristy of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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Rattan SIS, Fernandes RA, Demirovic D, Dymek B, Lima CF. Heat stress and hormetin-induced hormesis in human cells: effects on aging, wound healing, angiogenesis, and differentiation. Dose Response 2008; 7:90-103. [PMID: 19343114 DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.08-014.rattan] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of molecular damage and increased molecular heterogeneity are hallmarks of cellular aging. Mild stress-induced hormesis can be an effective way for reducing the accumulation of molecular damage, and thus slowing down aging from within. We have shown that repeated mild heat stress (RMHS) has anti-aging effects on growth and various other cellular and biochemical characteristics of normal human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes undergoing aging in vitro. RMHS given to human cells increased the basal levels of various chaperones, reduced the accumulation of damaged proteins, stimulated proteasomal activities, increased the cellular resistance to other stresses, enhanced the levels of various antioxidant enzymes, enhanced the activity and amounts of sodium-potassium pump, and increased the phosphorylation-mediated activities of various stress kinases. We have now observed novel hormetic effects of mild heat stress on improving the wound healing capacity of skin fibroblasts and on enhancing the angiogenic ability of endothelial cells. We have also tested potential hormetins, such as curcumin and rosmarinic acid in bringing about their beneficial effects in human cells by inducing stress response pathways involving heat shock proteins and hemeoxygenase HO-1. These data further support the view that mild stress-induced hormesis can be applied for the modulation, intervention and prevention of aging and age-related impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh I S Rattan
- Laboratory of Cellular Ageing, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, Aarhus-C, Denmark.
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Agutter PS. Cell mechanics and stress: from molecular details to the ‘universal cell reaction’ and hormesis. Bioessays 2007; 29:324-33. [PMID: 17373655 DOI: 10.1002/bies.20550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The 'universal cell reaction' (UCR), a coordinated biphasic response to external (noxious and other) stimuli observed in all living cells, was described by Nasonov and his colleagues in the mid-20th century. This work has received no attention from cell biologists in the West, but the UCR merits serious consideration. Although it is non-specific, it is likely to be underpinned by precise mechanisms and, if these mechanisms were characterized and their relationship to the UCR elucidated, then our understanding of the integration of cellular function could be improved. As a step towards identifying such mechanisms, I review some recent advances in understanding cell mechanics and the stress response and I suggest potentially testable hypotheses. There is a particular need for time-course studies of cellular responses to different stimulus doses or intensities. I also suggest a correspondence with hormesis; re-investigation of the UCR using modern biophysical and molecular-biological techniques might throw light on this much-discussed phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Agutter
- Theoretical and Cell Biology Consultancy, 26 Castle Hill, Glossop, Derbyshire, SK13 7RR, UK.
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