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Toro-Córdova A, Llaguno-Munive M, Jurado R, Garcia-Lopez P. The Therapeutic Potential of Chemo/Thermotherapy with Magnetoliposomes for Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112443. [PMID: 36432634 PMCID: PMC9697689 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer represents a very grave and quickly growing public health problem worldwide. Despite the breakthroughs in treatment and early detection of the disease, an increase is projected in the incidence rate and mortality during the next 30 years. Thus, it is important to develop new treatment strategies and diagnostic tools. One alternative is magnetic hyperthermia, a therapeutic approach that has shown promising results, both as monotherapy and in combination with chemo- and radiotherapy. However, there are still certain limitations and questions with respect to the safety of the systemic administration of magnetic nanoparticles. To deal with these issues, magnetoliposomes were conceived as a new generation of liposomes that incorporate superparamagnetic nanoparticles and oncological pharmaceuticals within their structure. They have the advantage of targeted and selective drug delivery to the diseased organs and tissues. Some of them can avoid the immune response of the host. When exposed to a magnetic field of alternating current, magnetoliposomes produce hyperthermia, which acts synergistically with the released drug. The aim of the present review is to describe the most recent advances in the use of magnetoliposomes and point out what research remains to be done for their application to chemo-thermal therapy in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Toro-Córdova
- Laboratorio de Fármaco-Oncología, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Cd, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Departamento de Formulación de Vacunas de mRNA, CerTest Biotec S.L., 50840 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Monserrat Llaguno-Munive
- Laboratorio de Fármaco-Oncología, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Cd, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Física Médica, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Cd, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Rafael Jurado
- Laboratorio de Fármaco-Oncología, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Cd, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Patricia Garcia-Lopez
- Laboratorio de Fármaco-Oncología, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Cd, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +52-(55)-36-935-200 (ext. 223)
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Theodosiou M, Sakellis E, Boukos N, Kusigerski V, Kalska-Szostko B, Efthimiadou E. Iron oxide nanoflowers encapsulated in thermosensitive fluorescent liposomes for hyperthermia treatment of lung adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8697. [PMID: 35610309 PMCID: PMC9130318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12687-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) is in the spotlight of nanomedical research for the treatment of cancer employing magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and their intrinsic capability for heat dissipation under an alternating magnetic field (AMF). Herein we focus on the synthesis of iron oxide nanoflowers (Nfs) of different sizes (15 and 35 nm) and coatings (bare, citrate, and Rhodamine B) while comparing their physicochemical and magnetothermal properties. We encapsulated colloidally stable citrate coated Nfs, of both sizes, in thermosensitive liposomes via extrusion, and RhB was loaded in the lipid bilayer. All formulations proved hemocompatible and cytocompatible. We found that 35 nm Nfs, at lower concentrations than 15 nm Nfs, served better as nanoheaters for magnetic hyperthermia applications. In vitro, magnetic hyperthermia results showed promising therapeutic and imaging potential for RhB loaded magnetoliposomes containing 35 nm Nfs against LLC and CULA cell lines of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Theodosiou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Elias Sakellis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Boukos
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Vladan Kusigerski
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinca, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | | | - Eleni Efthimiadou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece. .,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece.
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Gulyuk AV, LaJeunesse DR, Collazo R, Ivanisevic A. Tuning Microbial Activity via Programmatic Alteration of Cell/Substrate Interfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004655. [PMID: 34028885 PMCID: PMC10167751 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A wide portfolio of advanced programmable materials and structures has been developed for biological applications in the last two decades. Particularly, due to their unique properties, semiconducting materials have been utilized in areas of biocomputing, implantable electronics, and healthcare. As a new concept of such programmable material design, biointerfaces based on inorganic semiconducting materials as substrates introduce unconventional paths for bioinformatics and biosensing. In particular, understanding how the properties of a substrate can alter microbial biofilm behavior enables researchers to better characterize and thus create programmable biointerfaces with necessary characteristics on demand. Herein, the current status of advanced microorganism-inorganic biointerfaces is summarized along with types of responses that can be observed in such hybrid systems. This work identifies promising inorganic material types along with target microorganisms that will be critical for future research on programmable biointerfacial structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Gulyuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Dennis R LaJeunesse
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina-Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27401, USA
| | - Ramon Collazo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Albena Ivanisevic
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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Nuñez-Magos L, Lira-Escobedo J, Rodríguez-López R, Muñoz-Navia M, Castillo-Rivera F, Viveros-Méndez PX, Araujo E, Encinas A, Saucedo-Anaya SA, Aranda-Espinoza S. Effects of DC Magnetic Fields on Magnetoliposomes. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:703417. [PMID: 34589517 PMCID: PMC8473709 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.703417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in biomedicine as magnetic resonance, drug delivery, imagenology, hyperthermia, biosensors, and biological separation has been studied in different laboratories. One of the challenges on MNP elaboration for biological applications is the size, biocompatibility, heat efficiency, stabilization in physiological conditions, and surface coating. Magnetoliposome (ML), a lipid bilayer of phospholipids encapsulating MNPs, is a system used to reduce toxicity. Encapsulated MNPs can be used as a potential drug and a gene delivery system, and in the presence of magnetic fields, MLs can be accumulated in a target tissue by a strong gradient magnetic field. Here, we present a study of the effects of DC magnetic fields on encapsulated MNPs inside liposomes. Despite their widespread applications in biotechnology and environmental, biomedical, and materials science, the effects of magnetic fields on MLs are unclear. We use a modified coprecipitation method to synthesize superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SNPs) in aqueous solutions. The SNPs are encapsulated inside phospholipid liposomes to study the interaction between phospholipids and SNPs. Material characterization of SNPs reveals round-shaped nanoparticles with an average size of 12 nm, mainly magnetite. MLs were prepared by the rehydration method. After formation, we found two types of MLs: one type is tense with SNPs encapsulated and the other is a floppy vesicle that does not show the presence of SNPs. To study the response of MLs to an applied DC magnetic field, we used a homemade chamber. Digitalized images show encapsulated SNPs assembled in chain formation when a DC magnetic field is applied. When the magnetic field is switched off, it completely disperses SNPs. Floppy MLs deform along the direction of the external applied magnetic field. Solving the relevant magnetostatic equations, we present a theoretical model to explain the ML deformations by analyzing the forces exerted by the magnetic field over the surface of the spheroidal liposome. Tangential magnetic forces acting on the ML surface result in a press force deforming MLs. The type of deformations will depend on the magnetic properties of the mediums inside and outside the MLs. The model predicts a coexistence region of oblate-prolate deformation in the zone where χ = 1. We can understand the chain formation in terms of a dipole-dipole interaction of SNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Nuñez-Magos
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Soft Matter, Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - J. Lira-Escobedo
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Soft Matter, Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - R. Rodríguez-López
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Soft Matter, Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - M. Muñoz-Navia
- Ingeniería en Nanotecnología, Universidad de La Ciénega del Estado de Michoacán de Ocampo, Sahuayo, Mexico
| | - F. Castillo-Rivera
- CONACyT–Instituto de Geología de la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - P. X. Viveros-Méndez
- Unidad Académica de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Luz y la Materia, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - E. Araujo
- Departamento de Matematicas y Física, Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Occidente, San Pedro Tlaquepaque, Mexico
| | - A. Encinas
- Laboratory of Magnetism, División de Materiales Avanzados, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - S. A. Saucedo-Anaya
- Unidad Académica de Estudios Nucleares, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - S. Aranda-Espinoza
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Soft Matter, Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
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Veloso SRS, Andrade RGD, Castanheira EMS. Magnetoliposomes: recent advances in the field of controlled drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1323-1334. [PMID: 33836636 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1915983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Magnetoliposomes have gained increasing attention as delivery systems, as they surpass many limitations associated with liposomes. The combination with magnetic nanoparticles provides a means for development of multimodal and multifunctional theranostic agents that enable on-demand drug release and real-time monitoring of therapy. AREAS COVERED Recently, several magnetoliposome structures have been reported to ensure efficient transport and delivery of therapeutics, while improving magnetic properties. Besides, novel techniques have been introduced to improve on-demand release, as well as to achieve sequential release of different therapeutic agents. This review presents the major types and methods of preparation of magnetoliposomes, and discusses recent strategies in the trigger of drug release, development of theranostic formulations, and delivery of drugs and biological entities. EXPERT OPINION Despite significant advances in efficient drug delivery, current literature lacks an assessment of formulations as theranostic agents and complementary techniques to optimize thermotherapy efficiency. Plasmonic magnetoliposomes are highly promising multimodal and multifunctional systems, providing the required design versatility to optimize theranostic capabilities. Further, photodynamic therapy and delivery of proteins/genes can be improved with a deeper research on the employed magnetic material and associated toxicity. A scale-up procedure is also lacking in recent research, which is limiting their translation to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio R S Veloso
- Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Raquel G D Andrade
- Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Elisabete M S Castanheira
- Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
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Krasia-Christoforou T, Socoliuc V, Knudsen KD, Tombácz E, Turcu R, Vékás L. From Single-Core Nanoparticles in Ferrofluids to Multi-Core Magnetic Nanocomposites: Assembly Strategies, Structure, and Magnetic Behavior. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2178. [PMID: 33142887 PMCID: PMC7692798 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles are the basic components of the most promising magnetoresponsive nanoparticle systems for medical (diagnosis and therapy) and bio-related applications. Multi-core iron oxide nanoparticles with a high magnetic moment and well-defined size, shape, and functional coating are designed to fulfill the specific requirements of various biomedical applications, such as contrast agents, heating mediators, drug targeting, or magnetic bioseparation. This review article summarizes recent results in manufacturing multi-core magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) systems emphasizing the synthesis procedures, starting from ferrofluids (with single-core MNPs) as primary materials in various assembly methods to obtain multi-core magnetic particles. The synthesis and functionalization will be followed by the results of advanced physicochemical, structural, and magnetic characterization of multi-core particles, as well as single- and multi-core particle size distribution, morphology, internal structure, agglomerate formation processes, and constant and variable field magnetic properties. The review provides a comprehensive insight into the controlled synthesis and advanced structural and magnetic characterization of multi-core magnetic composites envisaged for nanomedicine and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Krasia-Christoforou
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, 75 Kallipoleos Avenue, P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus;
| | - Vlad Socoliuc
- Laboratory of Magnetic Fluids, Center for Fundamental and Advanced Technical Research, Romanian Academy–Timisoara Branch, Mihai Viteazul Ave. 24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Kenneth D. Knudsen
- Department for Neutron Materials Characterization, Institute for Energy Technology (IFE), 2027 Kjeller, Norway;
| | - Etelka Tombácz
- Soós Ernő Water Technology Research and Development Center, University of Pannonia, Zrínyi M. Str. 18., H-8800 Nagykanizsa, Hungary;
| | - Rodica Turcu
- Department of Physics of Nanostructured Systems, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Donat Str. 67-103, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ladislau Vékás
- Laboratory of Magnetic Fluids, Center for Fundamental and Advanced Technical Research, Romanian Academy–Timisoara Branch, Mihai Viteazul Ave. 24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania;
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Patil-Sen Y, Torino E, De Sarno F, Ponsiglione AM, Chhabria V, Ahmed W, Mercer T. Biocompatible superparamagnetic core-shell nanoparticles for potential use in hyperthermia-enabled drug release and as an enhanced contrast agent. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:375102. [PMID: 32392545 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab91f6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and core-shell type nanoparticles, consisting of SPIONs coated with mesoporous silica and/or lipid, were synthesised and tested for their potential theranostic applications in drug delivery, magnetic hyperthermia and as a contrast agent. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) confirmed the size of bare and coated SPIONs was in the range of 5-20 nm and 100-200 nm respectively. The superparamagnetic nature of all the prepared nanomaterials as indicated by Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM) and their heating properties under an AC field confirm their potential for hyperthermia applications. Scanning Column Magnetometry (SCM) data showed that extrusion of bare-SPION (b-SPION) dispersions through a 100 nm polycarbonate membrane significantly improved the dispersion stability of the sample. No sedimentation was apparent after 18 h compared to a pre-extrusion estimate of 43% settled at the bottom of the tube over the same time. Lipid coating also enhanced dispersion stability. Transversal relaxation time (T2) measurements for the nanoparticles, using a bench-top relaxometer, displayed a significantly lower value of 46 ms, with a narrow relaxation time distribution, for lipid silica coated SPIONs (Lip-SiSPIONs) as compared to that of 1316 ms for the b-SPIONs. Entrapment efficiency of the anticancer drug, Doxorubicin (DOX) for Lip-SPIONs was observed to be 35% which increased to 58% for Lip-SiSPIONs. Moreover, initial in-vitro cytotoxicity studies against human breast adenocarcinoma, MCF-7 cells showed that % cell viability increased from 57% for bSPIONs to 82% for Lip-SPIONs and to 87% for Lip-SiSPIONs. This suggests that silica and lipid coatings improve the biocompatibility of bSPIONs significantly and enhance the suitability of these particles as drug carriers. Hence, the magnetic nanomaterials prepared in this work have potential theranostic properties as a drug carrier for hyperthermia cancer therapy and also offer enhancement of contrast agent efficacy and a route to a significant increase in dispersion stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Patil-Sen
- School of Physical Sciences and Computing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom. School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
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Biomimetic Magnetoliposomes as Oxaliplatin Nanocarriers: In Vitro Study for Potential Application in Colon Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12060589. [PMID: 32599905 PMCID: PMC7356838 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Current chemotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC) includes the use of oxaliplatin (Oxa), a first-line cytotoxic drug which, in combination with irinotecan/5-fluorouracil or biologic agents, increases the survival rate of patients. However, the administration of this drug induces side effects that limit its application in patients, making it necessary to develop new tools for targeted chemotherapy. MamC-mediated biomimetic magnetic nanoparticles coupled with Oxa (Oxa-BMNPs) have been previously demonstrated to efficiently reduce the IC50 compared to that of soluble Oxa. However, their strong interaction with the macrophages revealed toxicity and possibility of aggregation. In this scenario, a further improvement of this nanoassembly was necessary. In the present study, Oxa-BMNPs nanoassemblies were enveloped in phosphatidylcholine unilamellar liposomes (both pegylated and non-pegylated). Our results demonstrate that the addition of both a lipid cover and further pegylation improves the biocompatibility and cellular uptake of the Oxa-BMNPs nanoassemblies without significantly reducing their cytotoxic activity in colon cancer cells. In particular, with the pegylated magnetoliposome nanoformulation (a) hemolysis was reduced from 5% to 2%, being now hematocompatibles, (b) red blood cell agglutination was reduced, (c) toxicity in white blood cells was eliminated. This study represents a truly stepforward in this area as describes the production of one of the very few existing nanoformulations that could be used for a local chemotherapy to treat CRC.
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Fortes Brollo ME, Domínguez-Bajo A, Tabero A, Domínguez-Arca V, Gisbert V, Prieto G, Johansson C, Garcia R, Villanueva A, Serrano MC, Morales MDP. Combined Magnetoliposome Formation and Drug Loading in One Step for Efficient Alternating Current-Magnetic Field Remote-Controlled Drug Release. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:4295-4307. [PMID: 31904927 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a reproducible and facile one step strategy for the synthesis of doxorubicin loaded magnetoliposomes by using a thin-layer evaporation method. Liposomes of around 200 nm were made of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) with negative, positive, and hydrophobic surfaces that were incorporated outside, inside, or between the lipid bilayers, respectively. To characterize how NPs are incorporated in liposomes, advanced cryoTEM and atomic force microscope (AFM) techniques have been used. It was observed that only when the NPs are attached outside the liposomes, the membrane integrity is preserved (lipid melt transition shifts to 38.7 °C with high enthalpy 34.8 J/g) avoiding the leakage of the encapsulated drug while having good colloidal properties and the best heating efficiency under an alternating magnetic field (AMF). These magnetoliposomes were tested with two cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and HeLa cells. First, 100% of cellular uptake was achieved with a high cell survival (above 80%), which is preserved (83%) for doxorubicin-loaded magnetoliposomes. Then, we demonstrate that doxorubicin release can be triggered by remote control, using a noninvasive external AMF for 1 h, leading to a cell survival reduction of 20%. Magnetic field conditions of 202 kHz and 30 mT seem to be enough to produce an effective heating to avoid drug degradation. In conclusion, these drug-loaded magnetoliposomes prepared in one step could be used for drug release on demand at a specific time and place, efficiently using an external AMF to reduce or even eliminate side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eugenia Fortes Brollo
- Departamento de Energia, Medio Ambiente y Salud , Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas , Madrid 28049 , Spain
| | - Ana Domínguez-Bajo
- Departamento de Energia, Medio Ambiente y Salud , Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas , Madrid 28049 , Spain
| | - Andrea Tabero
- Departamento de Biología , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - Vicente Domínguez-Arca
- Departamento de Física Aplicada , Universidad de Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela 15782 Spain
| | - Victor Gisbert
- Departamento de Energia, Medio Ambiente y Salud , Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas , Madrid 28049 , Spain
| | - Gerardo Prieto
- Departamento de Física Aplicada , Universidad de Santiago de Compostela , Santiago de Compostela 15782 Spain
| | | | - Ricardo Garcia
- Departamento de Energia, Medio Ambiente y Salud , Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas , Madrid 28049 , Spain
| | - Angeles Villanueva
- Departamento de Biología , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid 28049 Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia , Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - María Concepción Serrano
- Departamento de Energia, Medio Ambiente y Salud , Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas , Madrid 28049 , Spain
| | - María Del Puerto Morales
- Departamento de Energia, Medio Ambiente y Salud , Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas , Madrid 28049 , Spain
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Bare Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Surface Tunability for Biomedical, Sensing and Environmental Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9111608. [PMID: 31726776 PMCID: PMC6915624 DOI: 10.3390/nano9111608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Surface modification is widely assumed as a mandatory prerequisite for the real applicability of iron oxide nanoparticles. This is aimed to endow prolonged stability, electrolyte and pH tolerance as well as a desired specific surface chemistry for further functionalization to these materials. Nevertheless, coating processes have negative consequences on the sustainability of nanomaterial production contributing to high costs, heavy environmental impact and difficult scalability. In this view, bare iron oxide nanoparticles (BIONs) are arousing an increasing interest and the properties and advantages of pristine surface chemistry of iron oxide are becoming popular among the scientific community. In the authors’ knowledge, rare efforts were dedicated to the use of BIONs in biomedicine, biotechnology, food industry and environmental remediation. Furthermore, literature lacks examples highlighting the potential of BIONs as platforms for the creation of more complex nanostructured architectures, and emerging properties achievable by the direct manipulation of pristine iron oxide surfaces have been little studied. Based on authors’ background on BIONs, the present review is aimed at providing hints on the future expansion of these nanomaterials emphasizing the opportunities achievable by tuning their pristine surfaces.
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Garcia Ribeiro RS, Belderbos S, Danhier P, Gallo J, Manshian BB, Gallez B, Bañobre M, de Cuyper M, Soenen SJ, Gsell W, Himmelreich U. Targeting tumor cells and neovascularization using RGD-functionalized magnetoliposomes. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:5911-5924. [PMID: 31534330 PMCID: PMC6681073 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s214041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Magnetoliposomes (MLs) have shown great potential as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents and as delivery vehicles for cancer therapy. Targeting the MLs towards the tumor cells or neovascularization could ensure delivery of drugs at the tumor site. In this study, we evaluated the potential of MLs targeting the αvβ3 integrin overexpressed on tumor neovascularization and different tumor cell types, including glioma and ovarian cancer. Methods MLs functionalized with a Texas Red fluorophore (anionic MLs), and with the fluorophore and the cyclic Arginine-Glycine-Aspartate (cRGD; cRGD-MLs) targeting the αvβ3 integrin, were produced in-house. Swiss nude mice were subcutaneously injected with 107 human ovarian cancer SKOV-3 cells. Tumors were allowed to grow for 3 weeks before injection of anionic or cRGD-MLs. Biodistribution of MLs was followed up with a 7T preclinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner and fluorescence imaging (FLI) right after injection, 2h, 4h, 24h and 48h post injection. Ex vivo intratumoral ML uptake was confirmed using FLI, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) and histology at different time points post injection. Results In vivo, we visualized a higher uptake of cRGD-MLs in SKOV-3 xenografts compared to control, anionic MLs with both MRI and FLI. Highest ML uptake was seen after 4h using MRI, but only after 24h using FLI indicating the lower sensitivity of this technique. Furthermore, ex vivo EPR and FLI confirmed the highest tumoral ML uptake at 4 h. Last, a Perl’s stain supported the presence of our iron-based particles in SKOV-3 xenografts. Conclusion Uptake of cRGD-MLs can be visualized using both MRI and FLI, even though the latter was less sensitive due to lower depth penetration. Furthermore, our results indicate that cRGD-MLs can be used to target SKOV-3 xenograft in Swiss nude mice. Therefore, the further development of this particles into theranostics would be of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Sofia Garcia Ribeiro
- Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Sarah Belderbos
- Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Pierre Danhier
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels B-1200, Belgium
| | - Juan Gallo
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels B-1200, Belgium
| | - Bella B Manshian
- Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels B-1200, Belgium
| | - Manuel Bañobre
- Diagnostic Tools and Methods/Advanced (Magnetic) Theranostic Nanostructures Lab, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), PT-Braga 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Marcel de Cuyper
- Laboratory of Bionanocolloids, Interdisciplinary Research Centre, KULAK/KU Leuven, Kortrijk B-8500, Belgium
| | - Stefaan J Soenen
- Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Willy Gsell
- Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
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12
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Slabu I, Roeth AA, Engelmann UM, Wiekhorst F, Buhl EM, Neumann UP, Schmitz-Rode T. Modeling of magnetoliposome uptake in human pancreatic tumor cells in vitro. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:184004. [PMID: 30699387 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab033e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The internalization kinetics resulting from magnetic nanoparticle interactions with tumor cells play an important role in nanoparticle-based cancer treatment efficiency. Here, the uptake kinetics of magnetoliposomes (ML) into human pancreatic tumor cells (MiaPaCa-2 and BxPC-3) are quantified using magnetic particle spectrometry. A comparison to the uptake kinetics for healthy L929 cells is given. The experimental results are used for the development of an uptake kinetics model describing the three relevant internalization processes: ML adsorption to the cell membrane, endo- and exocytosis. By fitting of experimental data, the rate constant of each internalization process is determined enabling the prediction of internalized ML at any incubation time. After seven hours incubation time, MiaPaCa-2 internalized three times more ML than BxPC-3 and L929 cells even though their ML adsorption rate constants were nearly the same. As the interaction of the ML with the cell membrane is non-specific, the uptake kinetics mirror the individual cell response to ML internalization. With a new mathematical term to cover the exocytosis contribution to the overall internalization process, the extended uptake kinetics model offers new possibilities to analyze the specific internalization mechanism for other nanoparticle and cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Slabu
- Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University and University Hospital, Aachen, Germany. Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Liposomes for delivery of antioxidants in cosmeceuticals: Challenges and development strategies. J Control Release 2019; 300:114-140. [PMID: 30853528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidants (AOs) play a crucial role in the protection and maintenance of health and are also integral ingredients in beauty products. Unfortunately, most of them are sensitive due to their instability and insolubility. The use of liposomes to protect AOs and expand their applicability to cosmeceuticals, thereby, is one of the most effective solutions. Notwithstanding their offered advantages for the delivery of AOs, liposomes, in their production and application, present many challenges. Here, we provide a critical review of the major problems complicating the development of liposomes for AO delivery. Along with issues related to preparation techniques and encapsulation efficiency, the loss of protective function and inefficiency of skin permeability are the main disadvantages of liposomes. Corresponding development strategies for resolving these problems, with their respective advantages and drawbacks, are introduced, discussed in some depth, and summarized in these pages as well. Advanced liposomes have a vital role to play in the development and delivery of AOs in practical cosmeceutical product applications.
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14
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Uvarova V, Nizamov T, Abakumov M, Vodopyanov S, Abakumova T, Saltykova I, Mogilnikov P, Shchetinin I, Majouga A. Lipidoid iron oxide nanoparticles are a platform for nucleic acid delivery to the liver. BULLETIN OF RUSSIAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019. [DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2018.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of antisense drugs is a promising technology which can provide a platform for the development of highly effective therapeuticals against a broad range of diseases. Insufficient stability of RNA in biological media coupled with hydrophilicity that prevents the molecule from penetrating cell membranes considerably limit RNA application in clinical practice. The aim of this work was to design a system for antisense drug delivery to liver hepatocytes using lipidoid magnetic nanoparticles (LNP). Nanocubes (NC) with average sizes of 16 and 27 nm were synthesized through decomposition of iron (III) oleate under high temperature conditions and functionalized with a cationic lipidoid С12-200. Magnetic NC demonstrated good MR-contrasting properties. Biodistribution of LNP was studied in vivo in BALB/c mice using the MR scanner. Additionally, liver sections obtained from the mice were subjected to histological examination. Nanoparticles of smaller size did not have a cytotoxic effect on HepG2 and Huh7 cell lines, whereas for larger NC, IC50 was 21.5 μg/ml and 126 μg/ml for HepG2 and Huh7 cells, respectively. Smaller particles tended to accumulate in hepatocytes. Bigger NC mainly accumulated in the spleen but also ended up in liver macrophages. This fact can be explained by a bigger hydrodynamic size of nanoparticles with a bigger magnetic core. Particles with smaller cores are a more effective platform for the delivery of antisense drugs to hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V.I. Uvarova
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow; Laboratory of Tissue Specific Ligands Investigation, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow
| | - T.R. Nizamov
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow
| | - M.A. Abakumov
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow
| | - S.S. Vodopyanov
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow
| | - T.O. Abakumova
- Center of Life Science, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow
| | - I.V. Saltykova
- Laboratory of Tissue Specific Ligands Investigation, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow
| | - P.S. Mogilnikov
- Department of Physical Materials Science, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow
| | - I.V. Shchetinin
- Department of Physical Materials Science, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow
| | - A.M. Majouga
- Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow
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15
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Kumar V, Choudhary AK, Kumar P, Sharma S. Nanotechnology: Nanomedicine, Nanotoxicity and Future Challenges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/2210681208666180125143953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
This review gives an overview of interesting properties of nanoparticles
finding potential applications in nanomedicines and their considerations that need to be made such
as toxicity while developing a nanomedicine by providing an understanding of a relationship between
nanocarrier, targeting moieties and drugs with optical and magnetic properties. Here, we correlate
the interesting properties of nanomaterials to their applications in living cells/body simultaneously
promises, prospects and toxicity challenges of nanomedicines have also been discussed in
detail. Exemplifying the usage of gold nanoparticles and its derivatives such as hetero and homo
hybrid nanostructures that allow their use as contrast agents, therapeutic entities and supports to attach
functional molecules and targeting ligand along with molecular framework structures. Here,
we present the future prospects for potential applications in nanomedicines. These nanomaterials
have been used for varieties of biomedical applications such as targeted drug delivery, photothermal
cancer therapies, MRI, optical imaging, etc. in vitro and in vivo.
Conclusion:
In summary, this review provides innumerable aspects in the emerging field of
nanomedicine and possible nanotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | | | - Prashant Kumar
- Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, Maharashtra, India
| | - Saurabh Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
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16
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Skouras A, Papadia K, Mourtas S, Klepetsanis P, Antimisiaris SG. Multifunctional doxorubicin-loaded magnetoliposomes with active and magnetic targeting properties. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 123:162-172. [PMID: 30041027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional magnetoliposomes (MLs) with active and magnetic targeting potential are evaluated as platform systems for drug targeting applications. USPIO-encapsulating MLs are prepared by freeze drying/extrusion, decorated with one or two ligands for brain or cancer targeting (t-MLs), and actively loaded with Doxorubicin (DOX). MLs have mean diameters between 117 and 171 nm. Ligand attachment yields and DOX-loading efficiency are sufficiently high, 78-95% and 89-92%, respectively, while DOX loading and retention is not affected by co-entrapment of USPIOs, and USPIO loading/retention is not modulated by DOX. Attachment of ligands, also does not affect DOX or USPIO loading. Interestingly, MLs have high magnetophoretic mobility (MM) compared to free USPIOs, which is not affected by surface coating with PEG (up to 8 mol%), but is slightly reduced by Chol incorporation in their membrane, or when functional groups are immobilized on their surface. ML size, (directly related to number of USPIOs entrapped per vesicle), is the most important MM-determining factor. MM increases by 570% when ML size increases from 69 to 348 nm. Targeting potential of t-MLs is verified by enhanced: (i) transport across a cellular model of the blood-brain-barrier, and (ii) anti-proliferative effect towards B16 melanoma cells. The potential of further enhancing t-ML targeting magnetically is verified by additional enhancements of (i) and (ii), when experiments are performed under a permanent magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Skouras
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Dept. of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rio 26510, Greece
| | - Konstantina Papadia
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Dept. of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rio 26510, Greece
| | - Spyridon Mourtas
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Dept. of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rio 26510, Greece
| | - Pavlos Klepetsanis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Dept. of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rio 26510, Greece; Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, FORTH/ICE-HT, Rio 26506, Patras, Greece
| | - Sophia G Antimisiaris
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Dept. of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rio 26510, Greece; Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, FORTH/ICE-HT, Rio 26506, Patras, Greece.
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17
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Clauson RM, Chen M, Scheetz LM, Berg B, Chertok B. Size-Controlled Iron Oxide Nanoplatforms with Lipidoid-Stabilized Shells for Efficient Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Trackable Lymph Node Targeting and High-Capacity Biomolecule Display. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:20281-20295. [PMID: 29883088 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplatforms for biomolecule delivery to the lymph nodes have attracted considerable interest as vectors for immunotherapy. Core-shell iron oxide nanoparticles are particularly appealing because of their potential as theranostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-trackable vehicles for biomolecule delivery. The key challenge for utilizing iron oxide nanoparticles in this capacity is control of their coating shells to produce particles with predictable size. Size determines both the carrier capacity for biomolecule display and the carrier ability to target the lymph nodes. In this study, we develop a novel coating method to produce core-shell iron oxide nanoparticles with controlled size. We utilize lipidlike molecules to stabilize self-assembled lipid shells on the surface of iron oxide nanocrystals, allowing the formation of consistent coatings on nanocrystals of varying size (10-40 nm). We further demonstrate the feasibility of leveraging the ensuing control of nanocarrier size for optimizing the carrier functionalities. Coated nanoparticles with 10 and 30 nm cores supported biomolecule display at 10-fold and 200-fold higher capacities than previously reported iron oxide nanoparticles, while preserving monodisperse sub-100 nm size populations. In addition, accumulation of the coated nanoparticles in the lymph nodes could be tracked by MRI and at 1 h post injection demonstrated significantly enhanced lymph node targeting. Notably, lymph node targeting was 9-40 folds higher than that for previously reported nanocarriers, likely due to the ability of these nanoparticles to robustly maintain their sub-100 nm size in vivo. This approach can be broadly applicable for rational design of theranostic nanoplatforms for image-monitored immunotherapy.
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18
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Wu M, Gu L, Gong Q, Sun J, Ma Y, Wu H, Wang Y, Guo G, Li X, Zhu H. Strategies to reduce the intracellular effects of iron oxide nanoparticle degradation. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:555-570. [PMID: 28181458 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a significant self-renewal capacity and can differentiate into a variety of cell types. Cell labeling is crucial as it is difficult to detect cell fate after transplantation in vivo. MSCs labeled with iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), which can be tracked by MRI, have tremendous potential in regenerative medicine and oncological research. As a part of nanoparticle, the iron oxide core is a key aspect that can exhibit adverse or beneficial effects on MSCs labeled for tracking. Some IONPs exhibit adverse effects, such as cytotoxicity and apoptosis, while other IONPs exhibit beneficial functions that can promote both MSC proliferation and homing efficiency. This review reveals the cytotoxic mechanisms and potential functions of the iron oxide core of IONPs in cell labeling as well as strategies for minimizing the intracellular effects of IONPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Gu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiayu Sun
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yiqi Ma
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haoxing Wu
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Gang Guo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xue Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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19
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Hwang JY, Li Z, Loh XJ. Small molecule therapeutic-loaded liposomes as therapeutic carriers: from development to clinical applications. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09854a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, various methods and mechanisms for encapsulation of small therapeutic molecules in liposomes for targeted delivery and triggered release, as well as their potential in the clinical uses, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yoon Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National University of Singapore
- Singapore 117576
- Singapore
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
- Singapore 117602
- Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
- Singapore 117602
- Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National University of Singapore
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20
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Hauser AK, Wydra RJ, Stocke NA, Anderson KW, Hilt JZ. Magnetic nanoparticles and nanocomposites for remote controlled therapies. J Control Release 2015; 219:76-94. [PMID: 26407670 PMCID: PMC4669063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the state-of-the-art in the application of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and their composites for remote controlled therapies. Novel macro- to nano-scale systems that utilize remote controlled drug release due to actuation of MNPs by static or alternating magnetic fields and magnetic field guidance of MNPs for drug delivery applications are summarized. Recent advances in controlled energy release for thermal therapy and nanoscale energy therapy are addressed as well. Additionally, studies that utilize MNP-based thermal therapy in combination with other treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation to enhance the efficacy of the conventional treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia K Hauser
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Robert J Wydra
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Nathanael A Stocke
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Kimberly W Anderson
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - J Zach Hilt
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
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21
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Triggering Mechanisms of Thermosensitive Nanoparticles Under Hyperthermia Condition. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:2414-28. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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German SV, Navolokin NA, Kuznetsova NR, Zuev VV, Inozemtseva OA, Anis'kov AA, Volkova EK, Bucharskaya AB, Maslyakova GN, Fakhrullin RF, Terentyuk GS, Vodovozova EL, Gorin DA. Liposomes loaded with hydrophilic magnetite nanoparticles: Preparation and application as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 135:109-115. [PMID: 26241922 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic fluid-loaded liposomes (MFLs) were fabricated using magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) and natural phospholipids via the thin film hydration method followed by extrusion. The size distribution and composition of MFLs were studied using dynamic light scattering and spectrophotometry. The effective ranges of magnetite concentration in MNPs hydrosol and MFLs for contrasting at both T2 and T1 relaxation were determined. On T2 weighted images, the MFLs effectively increased the contrast if compared with MNPs hydrosol, while on T1 weighted images, MNPs hydrosol contrasting was more efficient than that of MFLs. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrasting properties of MFLs and their effects on tumor and normal tissues morphology, were investigated in rats with transplanted renal cell carcinoma upon intratumoral administration of MFLs. No significant morphological changes in rat internal organs upon intratumoral injection of MFLs were detected, suggesting that the liposomes are relatively safe and can be used as the potential contrasting agents for MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V German
- Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - N A Navolokin
- Saratov Medical State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - N R Kuznetsova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Zuev
- Saratov Medical State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | | | - A A Anis'kov
- Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - E K Volkova
- Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | | | - G N Maslyakova
- Saratov Medical State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - R F Fakhrullin
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
| | - G S Terentyuk
- Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia; Saratov Medical State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - E L Vodovozova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - D A Gorin
- Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia.
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23
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Inozemtseva OA, Salkovskiy YE, Severyukhina AN, Vidyasheva IV, Petrova NV, Metwally HA, Stetciura IY, Gorin DA. Electrospinning of functional materials for biomedicine and tissue engineering. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Mattingly SJ, O'Toole MG, James KT, Clark GJ, Nantz MH. Magnetic nanoparticle-supported lipid bilayers for drug delivery. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:3326-3332. [PMID: 25714501 DOI: 10.1021/la504830z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticle-supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) constructed around core-shell Fe3O4-SiO2 nanoparticles (SNPs) were prepared and evaluated as potential drug carriers. We describe how an oxime ether lipid can be mixed with SNPs to produce lipid-particle assemblies with highly positive ζ potential. To demonstrate the potential of the resultant cationic SLBs, the particles were loaded with either the anticancer drug doxorubicin or an amphiphilic analogue, prepared to facilitate integration into the supported lipid bilayer, and then examined in studies against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The assemblies were rapidly internalized and exhibited higher toxicity than treatments with doxorubicin alone. The magnetic SLBs were also shown to increase the efficacy of unmodified doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Mattingly
- †Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, J.B. Speed School of Engineering, and §School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Martin G O'Toole
- †Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, J.B. Speed School of Engineering, and §School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Kurtis T James
- †Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, J.B. Speed School of Engineering, and §School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Geoffrey J Clark
- †Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, J.B. Speed School of Engineering, and §School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Michael H Nantz
- †Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, J.B. Speed School of Engineering, and §School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
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25
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Estelrich J, Sánchez-Martín MJ, Busquets MA. Nanoparticles in magnetic resonance imaging: from simple to dual contrast agents. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:1727-41. [PMID: 25834422 PMCID: PMC4358688 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s76501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become one of the most widely used and powerful tools for noninvasive clinical diagnosis owing to its high degree of soft tissue contrast, spatial resolution, and depth of penetration. MRI signal intensity is related to the relaxation times (T1, spin–lattice relaxation and T2, spin–spin relaxation) of in vivo water protons. To increase contrast, various inorganic nanoparticles and complexes (the so-called contrast agents) are administered prior to the scanning. Shortening T1 and T2 increases the corresponding relaxation rates, 1/T1 and 1/T2, producing hyperintense and hypointense signals respectively in shorter times. Moreover, the signal-to-noise ratio can be improved with the acquisition of a large number of measurements. The contrast agents used are generally based on either iron oxide nanoparticles or ferrites, providing negative contrast in T2-weighted images; or complexes of lanthanide metals (mostly containing gadolinium ions), providing positive contrast in T1-weighted images. Recently, lanthanide complexes have been immobilized in nanostructured materials in order to develop a new class of contrast agents with functions including blood-pool and organ (or tumor) targeting. Meanwhile, to overcome the limitations of individual imaging modalities, multimodal imaging techniques have been developed. An important challenge is to design all-in-one contrast agents that can be detected by multimodal techniques. Magnetoliposomes are efficient multimodal contrast agents. They can simultaneously bear both kinds of contrast and can, furthermore, incorporate targeting ligands and chains of polyethylene glycol to enhance the accumulation of nanoparticles at the site of interest and the bioavailability, respectively. Here, we review the most important characteristics of the nanoparticles or complexes used as MRI contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Estelrich
- Departament de Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain ; Institut de Nanociència I Nanotecnologia (IN UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María Jesús Sánchez-Martín
- Departament de Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maria Antònia Busquets
- Departament de Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain ; Institut de Nanociència I Nanotecnologia (IN UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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26
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Calle D, Negri V, Ballesteros P, Cerdán S. Magnetoliposomes loaded with poly-unsaturated fatty acids as novel theranostic anti-inflammatory formulations. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:489-503. [PMID: 25767616 PMCID: PMC4350011 DOI: 10.7150/thno.10069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the preparation, physico-chemical characterization and anti-inflammatory properties of liposomes containing the superparamagnetic nanoparticle Nanotex, the fluorescent dye Rhodamine-100 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ethyl ester (ω-3 PUFA-EE), as theranostic anti-inflammatory agents. Liposomes were prepared after drying chloroform suspensions of egg phosphatidylcholine, hydration of the lipid film with aqueous phases containing or not Nanotex, Rhodamine-100 dye or ω-3 PUFA-EE, and eleven extrusion steps through nanometric membrane filters. This resulted in uniform preparations of liposomes of approximately 200 nm diameter. Extraliposomal contents were removed from the preparation by gel filtration chromatography. High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning 1H NMR Spectroscopy of the liposomal preparations containing ω-3 PUFA-EE revealed well resolved 1H resonances from highly mobile ω-3 PUFA-EE, suggesting the formation of very small (ca. 10 nm) ω-3 PUFA-EE nanogoticules, tumbling fast in the NMR timescale. Chloroform extraction of the liposomal preparations revealed additionally the incorporation of ω-3 PUFA-EE within the membrane domain. Water diffusion weighted spectra, indicated that the goticules of ω-3 PUFA-EE or its insertion in the membrane did not affect the average translational diffusion coefficient of water, suggesting an intraliposomal localization, that was confirmed by ultrafiltration. The therapeutic efficacy of these preparations was tested in two different models of inflammatory disease as inflammatory colitis or the inflammatory component associated to glioma development. Results indicate that the magnetoliposomes loaded with ω-3 PUFA-EE allowed MRI visualization in vivo and improved the outcome of inflammatory disease in both animal models, decreasing significantly colonic inflammation and delaying, or even reversing, glioma development. Together, our results indicate that magnetoliposomes loaded with ω-3 PUFA-EE may become useful anti-inflammatory agents for image guided drug delivery.
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Liposomes as carriers of hydrophilic small molecule drugs: Strategies to enhance encapsulation and delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 123:345-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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He Y, Zhang L, Zhu D, Song C. Design of multifunctional magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles/mitoxantrone-loaded liposomes for both magnetic resonance imaging and targeted cancer therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:4055-66. [PMID: 25187709 PMCID: PMC4149452 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s61880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-targeting multifunctional liposomes simultaneously loaded with magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONs) as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent and anticancer drug, mitoxantrone (Mit), were developed for targeted cancer therapy and ultrasensitive MRI. The gonadorelin-functionalized MION/Mit-loaded liposome (Mit-GML) showed significantly increased uptake in luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone (LHRH) receptor overexpressing MCF-7 (Michigan Cancer Foundation-7) breast cancer cells over a gonadorelin-free MION/Mit-loaded liposome (Mit-ML) control, as well as in an LHRH receptor low-expressing Sloan-Kettering HER2 3+ Ovarian Cancer (SK-OV-3) cell control, thereby leading to high cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 human breast tumor cell line. The Mit-GML formulation was more effective and less toxic than equimolar doses of free Mit or Mit-ML in the treatment of LHRH receptors overexpressing MCF-7 breast cancer xenografts in mice. Furthermore, the Mit-GML demonstrated much higher T2 enhancement than did Mit-ML controls in vivo. Collectively, the study indicates that the integrated diagnostic and therapeutic design of Mit-GML nanomedicine potentially allows for the image-guided, target-specific treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingna He
- Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Linhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material of Tianjin, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Dunwan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material of Tianjin, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Cunxian Song
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Material of Tianjin, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Wang EC, Wang AZ. Nanoparticles and their applications in cell and molecular biology. Integr Biol (Camb) 2014; 6:9-26. [PMID: 24104563 DOI: 10.1039/c3ib40165k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles can be engineered with distinctive composition, size, shape, and surface chemistry to enable novel techniques in a wide range of biological applications. The unique properties of nanoparticles and their behavior in biological milieu also enable exciting and integrative approaches to studying fundamental biological questions. This review will provide an overview of various types of nanoparticles and concepts of targeting nanoparticles. We will also discuss the advantages and recent applications of using nanoparticles as tools for drug delivery, imaging, sensing, and for the understanding of basic biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina C Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Saraswathy A, Nazeer SS, Jeevan M, Nimi N, Arumugam S, Harikrishnan VS, Varma PH, Jayasree RS. Citrate coated iron oxide nanoparticles with enhanced relaxivity for in vivo magnetic resonance imaging of liver fibrosis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 117:216-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Floris A, Sinico C, Fadda AM, Lai F, Marongiu F, Scano A, Pilloni M, Angius F, Vázquez-Vázquez C, Ennas G. Characterization and cytotoxicity studies on liposome-hydrophobic magnetite hybrid colloids. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 425:118-27. [PMID: 24776672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to highlight the main features of magnetoliposomes prepared by TLE, using hydrophobic magnetite, and stabilized with oleic acid, instead of using the usual hydrophilic magnetite surrounded by sodium citrate. These biocompatible magnetoliposomes (MLs) were prepared with the purpose of producing a magnetic carrier capable of loading either hydrophilic or lipophilic drugs. The effect of different liposome/magnetite weight ratios on the stability of magnetoliposomes was evaluated by monitoring the mean diameter of the particles, their polydispersity index, and zeta potential over time. The prepared magnetoliposomes showed a high liposome-magnetite association, with magnetoliposomes containing PEG (polyethylene glycol) showing the best magnetite loading values. To verify the position of magnetite nanoparticles in the vesicular structures, the morphological characteristics of the structures were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM studies showed a strong affinity between hydrophobic magnetite nanoparticles, the surrounding oleic acid molecules, and phospholipids. Furthermore, the concentration above which one would expect to find a cytotoxic effect on cells as well as morphological cell-nanoparticle interactions was studied in situ by using the trypan blue dye exclusion assay, and the Prussian Blue modified staining method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Floris
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Sezione Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari (CA), Italy.
| | - Chiara Sinico
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Sezione Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari (CA), Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Fadda
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Sezione Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari (CA), Italy.
| | - Francesco Lai
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Sezione Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari (CA), Italy.
| | - Francesca Marongiu
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Sezione Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari (CA), Italy.
| | - Alessandra Scano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Cagliari Unità di Ricerca del Consorzio Nazionale di Scienze e Tecnologie dei Materiali (INSTM), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS 554 bivio Sestu , 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy.
| | - Martina Pilloni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Cagliari Unità di Ricerca del Consorzio Nazionale di Scienze e Tecnologie dei Materiali (INSTM), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS 554 bivio Sestu , 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Angius
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sezione Patologia, Università di Cagliari, Via Porcell 4, 09124 Cagliari (CA), Italy.
| | - Carlos Vázquez-Vázquez
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Galicia, Spain.
| | - Guido Ennas
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Cagliari Unità di Ricerca del Consorzio Nazionale di Scienze e Tecnologie dei Materiali (INSTM), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, SS 554 bivio Sestu , 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy.
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Román-Pizarro V, Fernández-Romero JM, Gómez-Hens A. Fluorometric determination of alkaline phosphatase activity in food using magnetoliposomes as on-flow microcontainer devices. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:1819-25. [PMID: 24495223 DOI: 10.1021/jf5004804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes containing magnetic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and an enzymatic substrate (4-methylumbelliferyl-phosphate) have been used as on-flow microcontainers for reagent preconcentration in a flow injection method for the determination of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. The dynamic range of the calibration graph was 6.4 × 10(-3)-0.25 U L(-1) ALP, and the detection limit was 1.9 × 10(-3) U L(-1). The precision, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD%), was in the range of 0.7-2.4%. The overall method showed a sampling frequency of 10 h(-1). The method was applied to the determination of ALP in milk samples with recovery values ranging between 87.5 and 104.6%. The residual ALP activity in milk samples subjected to temperature treatments was also determined. The results obtained in the analysis of all milk samples were compared with those obtained by applying a previously described flow injection method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Román-Pizarro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemistry and Nanochemistry (IUQFN UCO), Campus of Rabanales, Marie Curie Building (Annex) University of Córdoba , E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
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Saraswathy A, Nazeer SS, Nimi N, Arumugam S, Shenoy SJ, Jayasree RS. Synthesis and characterization of dextran stabilized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for in vivo MR imaging of liver fibrosis. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 101:760-8. [PMID: 24299836 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The field of medical imaging has recently seen rapid advances in the development of novel agents for enhancing image contrast. In particular, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with a variety of surface properties have been tried as effective contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, but with major side effects. In this study, the surface chemistry of SPIONs of size 12 nm was modified with high molecular weight dextran to yield particles of size 50 nm, without compromising the magnetic properties. A systematic characterization of the material for its size, coating efficiency, magnetic properties and biocompatibility has been carried out. The magnetic relaxivity as evaluated on a 1.5 T clinical magnet showed r2/r1 ratio of 56.28 which is higher than that reported for any other dextran stabilized ironoxide nanoparticles. Liver uptake and magnetic resonance imaging potential of dextran stabilized SPIONs (D-SPIONs) has been evaluated on liver fibrosis induced animal model, which is further supported by histopathology results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariya Saraswathy
- Biophotonics and Imaging Lab, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 012, Kerala, India
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De Temmerman ML, Soenen SJ, Symens N, Lucas B, Vandenbroucke RE, Libert C, Demeester J, De Smedt SC, Himmelreich U, Rejman J. Magnetic layer-by-layer coated particles for efficient MRI of dendritic cells and mesenchymal stem cells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 9:1363-76. [PMID: 24102328 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Cell detection by MRI requires high doses of contrast agent for generating image contrast. Therefore, there is a constant need to develop improved systems that further increase sensitivity, and which could be used in clinical settings. In this study, we devised layer-by-layer particles and tested their potential for cell labeling. MATERIALS & METHODS The advantages of layer-by-layer technology were exploited to obtain magnetic particles of controllable size, surface chemistry and magnetic payload. RESULTS Flexibility in size and surface charge enabled efficient intracellular delivery of magnetic particles in mesenchymal stem cells and dendritic cells. Owing to the high magnetic payload of the particles, high MRI contrast was generated, even for very low cell numbers. Subcutaneous injection of the particles and subsequent uptake by dendritic cells enabled clear visualization of dendritic cells homing towards nearby lymph nodes in mice. CONCLUSION The magnetic particles offer several possibilities as efficient cellular MRI contrast agents for direct in vitro or in vivo cell labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Luce De Temmerman
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Raemdonck K, Braeckmans K, Demeester J, De Smedt SC. Merging the best of both worlds: hybrid lipid-enveloped matrix nanocomposites in drug delivery. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 43:444-72. [PMID: 24100581 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60299k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The advent of nanotechnology has revolutionized drug delivery in terms of improving drug efficacy and safety. Both polymer-based and lipid-based drug-loaded nanocarriers have demonstrated clinical benefit to date. However, to address the multifaceted drug delivery challenges ahead and further expand the spectrum of therapeutic applications, hybrid lipid-polymer nanocomposites have been designed to merge the beneficial features of both polymeric drug delivery systems and liposomes in a single nanocarrier. This review focuses on different classes of nanohybrids characterized by a drug-loaded polymeric matrix core enclosed in a lipid shell. Various nanoengineering approaches to obtain lipid-polymer nanocomposites with a core-shell nanoarchitecture will be discussed as well as their predominant applications in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Raemdonck
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Di Corato R, Gazeau F, Le Visage C, Fayol D, Levitz P, Lux F, Letourneur D, Luciani N, Tillement O, Wilhelm C. High-resolution cellular MRI: gadolinium and iron oxide nanoparticles for in-depth dual-cell imaging of engineered tissue constructs. ACS NANO 2013; 7:7500-12. [PMID: 23924160 DOI: 10.1021/nn401095p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in cell therapy and tissue engineering opened new windows for regenerative medicine, but still necessitate innovative noninvasive imaging technologies. We demonstrate that high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows combining cellular-scale resolution with the ability to detect two cell types simultaneously at any tissue depth. Two contrast agents, based on iron oxide and gadolinium oxide rigid nanoplatforms, were used to "tattoo" endothelial cells and stem cells, respectively, with no impact on cell functions, including their capacity for differentiation. The labeled cells' contrast properties were optimized for simultaneous MRI detection: endothelial cells and stem cells seeded together in a polysaccharide-based scaffold material for tissue engineering appeared respectively in black and white and could be tracked, at the cellular level, both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, endothelial cells labeled with iron oxide nanoparticles could be remotely manipulated by applying a magnetic field, allowing the creation of vessel substitutes with in-depth detection of individual cellular components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Di Corato
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot , France
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Wu H, Lattuada M, Morbidelli M. Dependence of fractal dimension of DLCA clusters on size of primary particles. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 195-196:41-9. [PMID: 23623300 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that clusters generated from colloidal aggregation driven by Brownian motion are typical fractal objects with the fractal dimension in the range of 1.75-1.85 under the diffusion-limited cluster aggregation (DLCA) conditions. In this work, we review and analyze the values of the fractal dimension for DLCA clusters experimentally determined in the literature. It is found that the value of the fractal dimension decreases significantly as the primary particle radius increases. Then, we have properly designed the DLCA experiments, using different radii of the primary particles, and determined the fractal dimensions of the generated clusters. Our results have well confirmed that the fractal dimension indeed decreases as the particle radius increases. To explore the mechanism leading to such dependence, we have performed intense computations through the full T-Matrix theory, and we conclude that this is not related to the effect of the intra-cluster multiple scattering on the slope of the scattering structure factor. The large fractal dimensions of the clusters generated by very small nanoparticles could be explained by thermal restructuring due to their low bonding energies, but no clear explanation can be given for the small fractal dimensions of the clusters made of large particles.
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Philosof-Mazor L, Dakwar GR, Popov M, Kolusheva S, Shames A, Linder C, Greenberg S, Heldman E, Stepensky D, Jelinek R. Bolaamphiphilic vesicles encapsulating iron oxide nanoparticles: New vehicles for magnetically targeted drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2013; 450:241-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Andriola Silva AK, Di Corato R, Gazeau F, Pellegrino T, Wilhelm C. Magnetophoresis at the nanoscale: tracking the magnetic targeting efficiency of nanovectors. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 7:1713-27. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Most of the research efforts in magnetic targeting have been focused on the development of magnetic nanovectors, while the investigation of methods for tracking their magnetic targeting efficiency remains inappropriately addressed. We propose herein a miniaturized approach for appraising magnetophoretic mobility at the nanoscale. Materials & methods: A simple and easy-to-use chamber including a microtip as a magnetic attractor was developed to perform magnetophoretic measurement at the size scale of nano-objects, and under bright field or fluorescence microscopy. Different sets of magnetic nanocontainers were produced and their magnetophoretic mobility was investigated. Real-time observations of the Brownian motion of the nanocontainers were also carried out for simultaneous size determination. Results: Attraction of the nanocontainers at the microtip is demonstrated as a qualitative method that immediately distinguishes magnetically responsive nano-objects. The combination of the analysis of Brownian motion, together with the magnetophoretic mobility, inferred both the size, the magnetophoretic velocity and the magnetic content of the nanocontainers. Additionally, nanomagnetophoresis experiments under fluorescence microscopy provided information on the constitutive core/shell integrity of the nanocontainers and the co-internalization of a fluorescent cargo. Conclusion: This nanomagnetophoresis method represents a promising tool to estimate the feasibility of magnetic targeting in laboratory routine. Original submitted 28 November 2011; Revised submitted 28 February 2012; Published online 18 June 2012
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Andriola Silva
- Laboratoire Matière & Systèmes Complexes, UMR 7057, CNRS & Université Paris Diderot, 10 rue Alice Domon & Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris cedex 13, France
| | - Riccardo Di Corato
- Laboratoire Matière & Systèmes Complexes, UMR 7057, CNRS & Université Paris Diderot, 10 rue Alice Domon & Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris cedex 13, France
- Instituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Florence Gazeau
- Laboratoire Matière & Systèmes Complexes, UMR 7057, CNRS & Université Paris Diderot, 10 rue Alice Domon & Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris cedex 13, France
| | - Teresa Pellegrino
- Instituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
- Nanoscience Institute of CNR, National Nanotechnology Laboratory, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Claire Wilhelm
- Laboratoire Matière & Systèmes Complexes, UMR 7057, CNRS & Université Paris Diderot, 10 rue Alice Domon & Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris cedex 13, France
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Deng L, Ke X, He Z, Yang D, Gong H, Zhang Y, Jing X, Yao J, Chen J. A MSLN-targeted multifunctional nanoimmunoliposome for MRI and targeting therapy in pancreatic cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:5053-65. [PMID: 23028227 PMCID: PMC3449755 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s34801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease with a 5-year survival rate less than 5% due to the lack of an early diagnosis method and effective therapy. To provide a novel early diagnostic method and targeted therapy for pancreatic cancer, a multifunctional nanoimmunoliposome with high loading of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxides (USPIOs) and doxorubicin (DOX) was prepared by transient binding and reverse-phase evaporation method, and was conjugated with anti-mesothelin monoclonal antibody by post-insertion method to target anti-mesothelin-overexpressed pancreatic cancer cells. The in vitro and in vivo properties of this anti-mesothelin antibody-conjugated PEGlyated liposomal DOX and USPIOs (M-PLDU; and PEGlyated nanoimmunoliposome without antibody conjugation [PLDU]) were evaluated both in human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc-1 cell and in a pancreatic cancer xenograft animal model. Results showed that M-PLDUs were spherical and uniform with a diameter about ∼180 nm, with a zeta potential of about −28∼−30 mV, and had good efficacy encapsulating DOX and USPIOs. The in vitro study demonstrated that M-PLDUs possessed good magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) capability with a transverse relaxivity (r2) of about 58.5 mM–1 · s–1. Confocal microscopy showed more efficient uptake of M-PLDU in Panc-1 cells by antibody-mediated targeting. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay results showed significant inhibitory effect of M-PLDU against Panc-1 cells (half-maximal inhibitory concentration, 1.95 μM). The in vivo imaging study showed that the tumor signal intensity (SI) dropped significantly about 4 hours after intravenous injection of M-PLDU. The decrease in tumor SI induced by M-PLDUs (ΔSI = 145.98 ± 20.45) or PLDUs (ΔSI = 75.69 ± 14.53) was much more significant than that by free USPIOs (ΔSI = 42.78 ± 22.12; P < 0.01). The in vivo antitumor study demonstrated that compared with FD (free DOX) and PLDU, M-PLDU possessed higher inhibitory effect on tumor growth and the tissue distribution assay further proved that M-PLDUs could selectively accumulate in the tumor xenograft. These results indicated that M-PLDU not only well retained the inherent MRI capability of USPIOs, but significantly improved the targeting distribution of USPIOs and therapeutic agents in pancreatic tumor tissues. They may serve as a promising theranostic nanomedicine not only for early detection but also for MRI-monitored targeting therapy of human pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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García-Jimeno S, Escribano E, Queralt J, Estelrich J. External magnetic field-induced selective biodistribution of magnetoliposomes in mice. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2012; 7:452. [PMID: 22883385 PMCID: PMC3479069 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-7-452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study looked at the effect of an external magnet on the biodistribution of magnetoliposomes intravenously administrated in mice (8 mg iron/kg) with and without induced acute inflammation. Our results showed that due to enhanced vascular permeability, magnetoliposomes accumulated at the site of inflammation in the absence of an external magnetic field, but the amount of iron present increased under the effect of a magnet located at the inflammation zone. This increase was dependent on the time (20 or 60 min) of exposure of the external magnetic field. It was also observed that the presence of the magnet was associated with lower amounts of iron in the liver, spleen, and plasma than was found in mice in which a magnet had not been applied. The results of this study confirm that it is possible to target drugs encapsulated in magnetic particles by means of an external magnet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia García-Jimeno
- Departament de Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08028, Spain
| | - Elvira Escribano
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08028, Spain
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia de la Universitat de Barcelona (IN2UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, 08028, Spain
| | - Josep Queralt
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08028, Spain
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia de la Universitat de Barcelona (IN2UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, 08028, Spain
| | - Joan Estelrich
- Departament de Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08028, Spain
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia de la Universitat de Barcelona (IN2UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, 08028, Spain
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Garnier B, Tan S, Miraux S, Bled E, Brisson AR. Optimized synthesis of 100 nm diameter magnetoliposomes with high content of maghemite particles and high MRI effect. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2012; 7:231-9. [PMID: 22434636 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Magnetoliposomes are liposomes surrounding an iron oxide core, which are used as contrast enhancing agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). One method for producing magnetoliposomes consists of hydration of a lipid film with citrate-coated iron oxide particles followed by extrusion. Two parameters are of major importance for in vivo applications of magnetoliposomes, namely their size, which must be small, optimally around 100 nm diameter, in order to ensure their prolonged circulation in the bloodstream, and their iron content, which must be maximal for generating high MRI effect. We studied the formation of magnetoliposomes by passive encapsulation of maghemite (γ-Fe(2)O(3)) particle suspensions of varying concentrations, with the objective of producing magnetoliposomes of small size and high iron content. The iron to lipid ratio was used to determine the iron content of the magnetoliposomes after the successive purification steps and cryo-TEM was used to characterize their size, their homogeneity and the efficiency of purification. The size of citrate-coated maghemite clusters was found to be of critical importance for obtaining magnetoliposomes smaller than 200 nm. We were able to reproducibly synthesize magnetoliposomes of 100 nm diameter with high iron content -up to 77 particles per liposome (5.6 moles iron per mole lipid) - and high r(2) MRI relaxivity - up to 320 m m(-1) . s(-1) . The magnetoliposomes present improved characteristics compared with previous reports. Future research will focus on using these magnetoliposomes as drug delivery systems for in vivo diagnostics or therapeutics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Garnier
- Molecular Imaging and NanoBioTechnology, IECB, UMR-5248 CBMN CNRS-University Bordeaux1-ENITAB, Avenue des Facultés, F-33402, Talence, France
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Soenen SJ, De Smedt SC, Braeckmans K. Limitations and caveats of magnetic cell labeling using transfection agent complexed iron oxide nanoparticles. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2012; 7:140-52. [PMID: 22434626 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell labeling with various types of nanomaterial, such as FDA-approved iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) has become common practice in biomedical research. The low uptake of IONPs stimulates the use of transfection agents (TA), but the effect on stability of the IONPs and their cellular interactions has received minimal attention. In the present study, we evaluated the use of Lipofectamine as a commonly used TA and tested different ratios of TA and IONPs. While the TA-IONP complexes are stable in saline, at a high ratio of TA over IONP, substantial aggregation occurred in serum-containing media. Even for the highest ratio, TA was unable to completely cover the IONPs, resulting in a net negative charge of all complexes. At high TA-IONP ratios, more complexes remained surface-associated without internalization, resulting in cell death, while at lower TA-IONP ratios, complexes were more avidly taken up through fluid-phase pinocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. At later time points, the endocytosed complexes accumulated within the lysosomes and affected the appearance of lysosomal structures. The data indicate that TAs should be used with care as, depending on the ratio of TA and IONP, the complexes may aggregate, inducing cell death and preventing internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefaan J Soenen
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Gent, Harelbekestraat 72, B9000, Gent, Belgium
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Microstructure study of liposomes decorated by hydrophobic magnetic nanoparticles. Chem Phys Lipids 2012; 165:563-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Frascione D, Diwoky C, Almer G, Opriessnig P, Vonach C, Gradauer K, Leitinger G, Mangge H, Stollberger R, Prassl R. Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO)-based liposomes as magnetic resonance imaging probes. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:2349-59. [PMID: 22661890 PMCID: PMC3357980 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s30617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Magnetic liposomes (MLs) are phospholipid vesicles that encapsulate magnetic and/or paramagnetic nanoparticles. They are applied as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MLs have an advantage over free magnetic nanocores, in that various functional groups can be attached to the surface of liposomes for ligand-specific targeting. We have synthesized PEG-coated sterically-stabilized magnetic liposomes (sMLs) containing ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxides (USPIOs) with the aim of generating stable liposomal carriers equipped with a high payload of USPIOs for enhanced MRI contrast. Methods Regarding iron oxide nanoparticles, we have applied two different commercially available surface-coated USPIOs; sMLs synthesized and loaded with USPIOs were compared in terms of magnetization and colloidal stability. The average diameter size, morphology, phospholipid membrane fluidity, and the iron content of the sMLs were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fluorescence polarization, and absorption spectroscopy, respectively. A colorimetric assay using potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) was performed to evaluate the encapsulation efficiency (EE%) to express the amount of iron enclosed into a liposome. Subsequently, MRI measurements were carried out in vitro in agarose gel phantoms to evaluate the signal enhancement on T1- and T2-weighted sequences of sMLs. To monitor the biodistribution and the clearance of the particles over time in vivo, sMLs were injected in wild type mice. Results DLS revealed a mean particle diameter of sMLs in the range between 100 and 200 nm, as confirmed by TEM. An effective iron oxide loading was achieved just for one type of USPIO, with an EE% between 74% and 92%, depending on the initial Fe concentration (being higher for lower amounts of Fe). MRI measurements demonstrated the applicability of these nanostructures as MRI probes. Conclusion Our results show that the development of sMLs is strictly dependent on the physicochemical characteristics of the nanocores. Once established, sMLs can be further modified to enable noninvasive targeted molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Frascione
- Institute of Biophysics and Nanosystems Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
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Salas G, Costo R, Morales MDP. Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoparticles. NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY - INORGANIC NANOPARTICLES VS ORGANIC NANOPARTICLES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415769-9.00002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Functionalized Nanoparticles and Chitosan-Based Functional Nanomaterials. MULTIFACETED DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF BIOPOLYMERS FOR BIOLOGY, BIOMEDICINE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2012_200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Soenen SJ, De Cuyper M, De Smedt SC, Braeckmans K. Investigating the toxic effects of iron oxide nanoparticles. Methods Enzymol 2012; 509:195-224. [PMID: 22568907 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-391858-1.00011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The use of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in biomedical research is steadily increasing, leading to the rapid development of novel IONP types and an increased exposure of cultured cells to a wide variety of IONPs. Due to the large variation in incubation conditions, IONP characteristics, and cell types studied, it is still unclear whether IONPs are generally safe or should be used with caution. During the past years, several contradictory observations have been reported, which highlight the great need for a more thorough understanding of cell-IONP interactions. To improve our knowledge in this field, there is a great need for standardized protocols and toxicity assays, that would allow to directly compare the cytotoxic potential of any IONP type with previously screened particles. Here, several approaches are described that allow to rapidly but thoroughly address several parameters which are of great impact for IONP-induced toxicity. These assays focus on acute cytotoxicity, induction of reactive oxygen species, measuring the amount of cell-associated iron, assessing cell morphology, cell proliferation, cell functionality, and possible pH-induced or intracellular IONP degradation. Together, these assays may form the basis for any detailed study on IONP cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefaan J Soenen
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Symens N, Soenen SJ, Rejman J, Braeckmans K, De Smedt SC, Remaut K. Intracellular partitioning of cell organelles and extraneous nanoparticles during mitosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:78-94. [PMID: 22210278 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The nucleocytoplasmic partitioning of nanoparticles as a result of cell division is highly relevant to the field of nonviral gene delivery. We reviewed the literature on the intracellular distribution of cell organelles (the endosomal vesicles, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum and nucleus), foreign macromolecules (dextrans and plasmid DNA) and inorganic nanoparticles (gold, quantum dot and iron oxide) during mitosis. For nonviral gene delivery particles (lipid- or polymer-based), indirect proof of nuclear entry during mitosis is provided. We also describe how retroviruses and latent DNA viruses take advantage of mitosis to transfer their viral genome and segregate their episomes into the host daughter nuclei. Based on this knowledge, we propose strategies to improve nonviral gene delivery in dividing cells with the ultimate goal of designing nonviral gene delivery systems that are as efficient as their viral counterparts but non-immunogenic, non-oncogenic and easy and inexpensive to prepare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Symens
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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