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Sun JX, Yao Y, Li WX, Su X, Yang H, Lu Z, Liu C, Xu XH, Jin L. Upregulation of GPR133 expression impaired the phagocytosis of macrophages in recurrent spontaneous miscarriage. Epigenetics 2024; 19:2337087. [PMID: 38564758 PMCID: PMC10989699 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2024.2337087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Decidual macrophages are the second-largest immune cell group at the maternal-foetal interface. They participate in apoptotic cell removal, and protect the foetus from microorganisms or pathogens. Dysfunction of decidual macrophages gives rise to pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia and recurrent spontaneous miscarriage (RSM). However, the mechanisms by which decidual macrophages are involved in the occurrence of adverse pregnancy outcomes have not been elucidated. Here we integrated DNA methylation and gene expression data from decidua macrophages to identify potential risk factors related to RSM. GPR133 was significantly hypomethylated and upregulated in decidual macrophages from RSM patients. Further demethylation analysis demonstrated that GPR133 expression in decidual macrophages was significantly increased by 5-Aza-dC treatment. In addition, the influence of GPR133 on the phagocytic ability of macrophages was explored. Phagocytosis was impaired in the decidual macrophages of RSM patients with increased GPR133 expression. Increased GPR133 expression induced by demethylation treatment in the decidual macrophages of healthy control patients led to a significant decrease in phagocytic function. Importantly, knockdown of GPR133 resulted in a significant improvement in the phagocytic function of THP-1 macrophages. In conclusion, the existing studies have shown the influence of GPR133 on the phagocytic function of decidual macrophages and pregnancy outcomes, providing new data and ideas for future research on the role of decidual macrophages in RSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xue Sun
- Department of Biobank, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R, China
| | - Yongli Yao
- Department of Biobank, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R, China
| | - Wen-Xuan Li
- Department of Biobank, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R, China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Biobank, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R, China
| | - Haoyu Yang
- Department of Biobank, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R, China
| | - Zhouping Lu
- Department of Biobank, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R, China
| | - Chenfei Liu
- Department of Biobank, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R, China
| | - Xiang-Hong Xu
- Department of Biobank, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R, China
| | - Liping Jin
- Department of Biobank, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R, China
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Pietrangelo T, Cagnin S, Bondi D, Santangelo C, Marramiero L, Purcaro C, Bonadio RS, Di Filippo ES, Mancinelli R, Fulle S, Verratti V, Cheng X. Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome from current evidence to new diagnostic perspectives through skeletal muscle and metabolic disturbances. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14122. [PMID: 38483046 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a demanding medical condition for patients and society. It has raised much more public awareness after the COVID-19 pandemic since ME/CFS and long-COVID patients share many clinical symptoms such as debilitating chronic fatigue. However, unlike long COVID, the etiopathology of ME/CFS remains a mystery despite several decades' research. This review moves from pathophysiology of ME/CFS through the compelling evidence and most interesting hypotheses. It focuses on the pathophysiology of skeletal muscle by proposing the hypothesis that skeletal muscle tissue offers novel opportunities for diagnosis and treatment of this syndrome and that new evidence can help resolve the long-standing debate on terminology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Pietrangelo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- IIM-Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefano Cagnin
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
- CIR-Myo Myology Center, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Danilo Bondi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- IIM-Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carmen Santangelo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- IIM-Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Marramiero
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- IIM-Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristina Purcaro
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- IIM-Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Ester Sara Di Filippo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- IIM-Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rosa Mancinelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- IIM-Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Fulle
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- IIM-Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vittore Verratti
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Xuanhong Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
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3
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Argentato PP, Guerra JVDS, Luzia LA, Ramos ES, Maschietto M, Rondó PHDC. Integrative network analysis of differentially methylated regions to study the impact of gestational weight gain on maternal metabolism and fetal-neonatal growth. Genet Mol Biol 2024; 47:e20230203. [PMID: 38530405 PMCID: PMC10993311 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Integrative network analysis (INA) is important for identifying gene modules or epigenetically regulated molecular pathways in diseases. This study evaluated the effect of excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) on INA of differentially methylated regions, maternal metabolism and offspring growth. Brazilian women from "The Araraquara Cohort Study" with adequate pre-pregnancy body mass index were divided into EGWG (n=30) versus adequate gestational weight gain (AGWG, n=45) groups. The methylome analysis was performed on maternal blood using the Illumina MethylationEPIC BeadChip. Fetal-neonatal growth was assessed by ultrasound and anthropometry, respectively. Maternal lipid and glycemic profiles were investigated. Maternal triglycerides-TG (p=0.030) and total cholesterol (p=0.014); fetus occipito-frontal diameter (p=0.005); neonate head circumference-HC (p=0.016) and thoracic perimeter (p=0.020) were greater in the EGWG compared to the AGWG group. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that maternal DNA methylation was associated with maternal TG and fasting insulin, fetal abdominal circumference, and fetal and neonate HC. The DMRs studied were enriched in 142 biological processes, 21 molecular functions,and 17 cellular components with terms directed for the fatty acids metabolism. Three DMGMs were identified:COL3A1, ITGA4 and KLRK1. INA targeted chronic diseases and maternal metabolism contributing to an epigenetic understanding of the involvement of GWG in maternal metabolism and fetal-neonatal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Pizzi Argentato
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Departamento de Nutrição, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Victor da Silva Guerra
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Laboratório Nacional de Biociências (LNBio). Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Liania Alves Luzia
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Departamento de Nutrição, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ester Silveira Ramos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Genética, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Maschietto
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Centro Infantil Boldrini, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Sacchi C, Girardi P, Buri A, De Carli P, Simonelli A. The perinatal health secondary to pandemic: association between women's delivery concerns and infant's behavioral problems. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38493474 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2024.2330662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 pandemic characterised a unique and vulnerable social, emotional, and health environment for pregnancy, with potential long-lasting risks to maternal and child health outcomes. In women who were pregnant at the peak of COVID-19 pandemic, we investigated the association between pandemic-related concerns about pregnancy and delivery and both the parent's (i.e. maternal parenting stress) and the infant's (i.e. emotional-behavioral problems) outcomes 12 months after birth. METHODS A sample of 352 Italian pregnant women completed a web-based survey from 8 April to 4 May 2020 and a follow-up at 12 months after delivery. Maternal assessment in pregnancy covered prenatal measures for: pandemic-related concerns about pregnancy and childbirth, COVID-19 stressful events exposure, pandemic psychological stress, and mental-health symptoms (i.e. depression, anxiety). The 12 months' assessment covered post-partum measures of social support, parenting stress and maternal reports of infants' behavioral problems. RESULTS The results of the Quasi-Poisson regression models on the association between COVID-19 related influencing factors and parenting stress and infant's behavioral problems showed that the presence of higher pandemic-related concerns about pregnancy and childbirth scores was associated with greater total and internalising behavioral problems but not with parenting stress levels. CONCLUSION Perinatal mother-infant health has been sensitively threatened by pandemic consequences with maternal concerns about childbirth in pregnancy being associated with 12 months' children's behavioral outcomes. There is a need to invest in psychological support for perinatal women throughout the transition to parenthood to protect risk conditions before they get chronic or severe and influence offspring development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Sacchi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Girardi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venezia, Italy
| | - Alice Buri
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Pietro De Carli
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Simonelli
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Abstract
Numerous examples of different phenotypic outcomes in response to varying environmental conditions have been described across phyla, from plants to mammals. Here, we examine the impact of the environment on different developmental traits, focusing in particular on one key environmental variable, nutrient availability. We present advances in our understanding of developmental plasticity in response to food variation using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, which provides a near-isogenic context while permitting lab-controlled environments and analysis of wild isolates. We discuss how this model has allowed investigators not only to describe developmental plasticity events at the organismal level but also to zoom in on the tissues involved in translating changes in the environment into a plastic response, as well as the underlying molecular pathways, and sometimes associated changes in behaviour. Lastly, we also discuss how early life starvation experiences can be logged to later impact adult physiological traits, and how such memory could be wired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Jarriault
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, IGBMC, Development and Stem Cells Department, UMR 7104 - UMR-S 1258, F-67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Christelle Gally
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, IGBMC, Development and Stem Cells Department, UMR 7104 - UMR-S 1258, F-67400 Illkirch, France
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6
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Bokor S, Csölle I, Felső R, Vass RA, Funke S, Ertl T, Molnár D. Dietary nutrients during gestation cause obesity and related metabolic changes by altering DNA methylation in the offspring. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1287255. [PMID: 38449848 PMCID: PMC10916691 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1287255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence shows that maternal nutrition from preconception until lactation has an important effect on the development of non-communicable diseases in the offspring. Biological responses to environmental stress during pregnancy, including undernutrition or overnutrition of various nutrients, are transmitted in part by DNA methylation. The aim of the present narrative review is to summarize literature data on altered DNA methylation patterns caused by maternal macronutrient or vitamin intake and its association with offspring's phenotype (obesity and related metabolic changes). With our literature search, we found evidence for the association between alterations in DNA methylation pattern of different genes caused by maternal under- or overnutrition of several nutrients (protein, fructose, fat, vitamin D, methyl-group donor nutrients) during 3 critical periods of programming (preconception, pregnancy, lactation) and the development of obesity or related metabolic changes (glucose, insulin, lipid, leptin, adiponectin levels, blood pressure, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) in offspring. The review highlights that maternal consumption of several nutrients could individually affect the development of offspring's obesity and related metabolic changes via alterations in DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Bokor
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Csölle
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Regina Felső
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Réka A. Vass
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Magyar Imre Hospital Ajka, Ajka, Hungary
| | - Simone Funke
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tibor Ertl
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dénes Molnár
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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7
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Nappi F. In-Depth Genomic Analysis: The New Challenge in Congenital Heart Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1734. [PMID: 38339013 PMCID: PMC10855915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of next-generation sequencing has provided new insights into the causes and mechanisms of congenital heart disease (CHD). Examinations of the whole exome sequence have detected detrimental gene variations modifying single or contiguous nucleotides, which are characterised as pathogenic based on statistical assessments of families and correlations with congenital heart disease, elevated expression during heart development, and reductions in harmful protein-coding mutations in the general population. Patients with CHD and extracardiac abnormalities are enriched for gene classes meeting these criteria, supporting a common set of pathways in the organogenesis of CHDs. Single-cell transcriptomics data have revealed the expression of genes associated with CHD in specific cell types, and emerging evidence suggests that genetic mutations disrupt multicellular genes essential for cardiogenesis. Metrics and units are being tracked in whole-genome sequencing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nappi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Centre Cardiologique du Nord, 93200 Saint-Denis, France
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8
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Tung A, Sperry MM, Clawson W, Pavuluri A, Bulatao S, Yue M, Flores RM, Pai VP, McMillen P, Kuchling F, Levin M. Embryos assist morphogenesis of others through calcium and ATP signaling mechanisms in collective teratogen resistance. Nat Commun 2024; 15:535. [PMID: 38233424 PMCID: PMC10794468 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Information for organismal patterning can come from a variety of sources. We investigate the possibility that instructive influences for normal embryonic development are provided not only at the level of cells within the embryo, but also via interactions between embryos. To explore this, we challenge groups of embryos with disruptors of normal development while varying group size. Here, we show that Xenopus laevis embryos are much more sensitive to a diverse set of chemical and molecular-biological perturbations when allowed to develop alone or in small groups, than in large groups. Keeping per-embryo exposure constant, we find that increasing the number of exposed embryos in a cohort increases the rate of survival while incidence of defects decreases. This inter-embryo assistance effect is mediated by short-range diffusible signals and involves the P2 ATP receptor. Our data and computational model emphasize that morphogenesis is a collective phenomenon not only at the level of cells, but also of whole bodies, and that cohort size is a crucial variable in studies of ecotoxicology, teratogenesis, and developmental plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Tung
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Megan M Sperry
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wesley Clawson
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Ananya Pavuluri
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Sydney Bulatao
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Michelle Yue
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ramses Martinez Flores
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Vaibhav P Pai
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Patrick McMillen
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Franz Kuchling
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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9
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Hong J, Tong H, Wang X, Lv X, He L, Yang X, Wang Y, Xu K, Liang Q, Feng Q, Niu T, Niu X, Lu Y. Embryonic diapause due to high glucose is related to changes in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, as well as abnormalities in the TCA cycle and amino acid metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1135837. [PMID: 38170036 PMCID: PMC10759208 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1135837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The adverse effects of high glucose on embryos can be traced to the preimplantation stage. This study aimed to observe the effect of high glucose on early-stage embryos. Methods and results Seven-week-old ICR female mice were superovulated and mated, and the zygotes were collected. The zygotes were randomly cultured in 5 different glucose concentrations (control, 20mM, 40mM, 60mM and 80mM glucose). The cleavage rate, blastocyst rate and total cell number of blastocyst were used to assess the embryo quality. 40 mM glucose was selected to model high glucose levels in this study. 40mM glucose arrested early embryonic development, and the blastocyst rate and total cell number of the blastocyst decreased significantly as glucose concentration was increased. The reduction in the total cell number of blastocysts in the high glucose group was attributed to decreased proliferation and increased cell apoptosis, which is associated with the diminished expression of GLUTs (GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT3). Furthermore, the metabolic characterization of blastocyst culture was observed in the high-glucose environment. Discussion The balance of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation at the blastocyst stage was disrupted. And embryo development arrest due to high glucose is associated with changes in glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, as well as abnormalities in the TCA cycle and amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewei Hong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxuan Tong
- Institute of Basic Theory of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Party Committee Office, Shanxi Health Vocational College, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lv
- Library Collection and Editing Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan He
- Rehabilitation Department, Dongfang Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuezhi Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yingli Wang
- Experimental Management Center, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi, China
| | - Kaixia Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi, China
| | - Qi Liang
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Qianjin Feng
- Experimental Management Center, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi, China
| | - Tingli Niu
- Medical Insurance Office, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Niu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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10
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Lipsky L, Cummings J, Siega-Riz AM, Nansel T. Relationships of pregnancy and postpartum diet quality with offspring birth weight and weight status through 12 months. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:3008-3015. [PMID: 37731285 PMCID: PMC10872787 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined relationships of maternal pregnancy and postpartum diet quality with infant birth size and weight status indicators through 12 months and tested whether breastfeeding duration modifies these associations. METHODS In the Pregnancy Eating Attributes Study (PEAS), dietary intake was assessed six times in 458 mothers who were followed from early pregnancy through 12 months postpartum (2014-2018). Logistic and linear mixed models estimated relationships of pregnancy and postpartum diet quality (Healthy Eating Index [HEI]) with offspring who were large-for-gestational-age (LGA) at birth, as well as BMI z score (BMIz) and weight-for-length z score (WFLz) at birth, 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months. RESULTS Pregnancy HEI was inversely related to LGA (odds ratio [OR] = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92 to 0.98); HEI was also inversely related to WFLz (β = -0.01, 95% CI: -0.02 to -0.002) and BMIz (β = -0.009, 95% CI: -0.02 to -0.0009) from birth through 12 months. Postpartum HEI was inversely related to WFLz (β = -0.01, 95% CI: -0.02 to -0.0009) and BMIz (β = -0.008, 95% CI: -0.02 to 0.0007) in infants who were breastfed for at least 6 months, but not in those who were breastfed for a shorter duration. CONCLUSIONS Maternal diet quality during pregnancy (and during postpartum in mothers who breastfed for a longer duration) was inversely related to LGA and weight status indicators from birth through 12 months. Increasing maternal diet quality may have use for promoting healthy infant weight development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Lipsky
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda MD
| | - Jenna Cummings
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda MD
- Current: Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Anna Maria Siega-Riz
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; current: Departments of Nutrition and Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA
| | - Tonja Nansel
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda MD
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Zhang L, Liu K, Liu Z, Tao H, Fu X, Hou J, Jia G, Hou Y. Fetal hypoxia expose caused autophagy in ovary granulosa cells via PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 pathway and mitigated by melatonin subheading. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00345-4. [PMID: 37956860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fetal hypoxia has long-term effects on postnatal reproductive functions and the mitochondrial impairments of ovarian granulosa cells may be one of the causes. Melatonin applied to mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy in mammalian cells has been reported. However, the potential mechanisms by which fetal hypoxia damages reproductive function in neonatal female mice and the melatonin effects on this problem remain unclear. OBJECTIVES This research aimed to explore the mechanism that fetal hypoxia damages reproductive function in neonatal female mice and attempt to improve the reproductive function by treating with melatonin in vivo and in vitro. METHODS We established a fetal hypoxia model and confirmed that fetal hypoxia affects ovarian function by inducing GC excessive autophagy. Transcriptomic analysis, gene interference, cell immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry and western blot were conducted to explore and verify the underlying mechanisms in mice GCs and KGN cells. Finally, melatonin treatment was executed on hypoxia-treated mice GCs and KGN cells and melatonin injection to fetal-hypoxia-treated mice to determine its effect. RESULTS The results of in vitro experiments found that fetal hypoxia led to mitochondrial dysfunction in ovarian GCs causing autophagic cell death. And the PI3K/Akt/FoxO pathway mediated the occurrence of this process by transcriptome analysis of ovarian GCs from normal and fetal hypoxia mice, which was further verified in mice GCs and KGN cells. Additionally, melatonin administration prevented autophagic injuries and mitochondrial impairments in hypoxia-treated mice GCs and KGN cells. Meanwhile, in vivo experiments by melatonin injection ameliorated oxidative stress of ovary in fetal-hypoxia-treated mice and improved their low fertility. CONCLUSION Our data found that fetal hypoxia causes ovarian GCs excessive autophagy leading to low fertility in neonatal female mice and mitigated by melatonin. These results provide a potential therapy for hypoxic stress-related reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Kexiong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiping Tao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Xiangwei Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Breeding, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
| | - Jian Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Gongxue Jia
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Yunpeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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12
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Zhang G, Feng Z, Zeng Q, Huang P. Exploring Cancer Dependency Map genes and immune subtypes in colon cancer, in which TIGD1 contributes to colon cancer progression. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:6400-6428. [PMID: 37441804 PMCID: PMC10373975 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumour-dependent genes identified in CRISPR-Cas9 screens have been widely reported in Cancer Dependency Maps (CDMs). CDM-derived tumour-dependent genes play an important role in tumorigenesis and progression; however, they have not been investigated in colon cancer (CC). METHODS CDM genes overexpressed in CC were identified from the TCGA-COAD dataset and CDM platform. A CDM signature and prognostic nomogram were constructed by Lasso Cox regression and multivariate Cox analyses. A weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and consensus clustering were used to define coexpressed genes with CDM risk scores and to determine two new immune subtypes. A comprehensive investigation was performed between the two subtypes and immune regulation, the immune microenvironment and the impact of immunotherapy. RESULTS First, 1304 overexpressed CDM genes were identified. Then, a CDM signature with five cancer-dependent genes (MMS19, NOP14, POLRMT, SNAPC5 and TIGD1) and a prognostic nomogram were constructed, and they demonstrated robust predictive performance and a close relationship with clinical characteristics in different CC datasets. Patients with high CDM risk scores showed worse survival outcome and weaker response to chemotherapy. Additionally, TIGD1 genes were oncogenes that affected the CC cell cycle, according to cell functional experiments that involved the suppression of the TIGD1 gene. Furthermore, WGCNA and consensus clustering were used to define coexpressed genes with CDM risk scores and to determine two new immune subtypes. Finally, systematic investigations were conducted with the relationship between the CDM subtypes and immune regulation. CONCLUSIONS This study constructed a CDM signature consisting of five risk genes that predict survival in CC patients. In addition, the immune subtypes provided valuable insights into immunotherapy for CC patients. TIGD1, as an oncogene, is independent prognostic factors for CC, and contributes to CC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Medical Innovation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zongfeng Feng
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Medical Innovation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qingwen Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Medical Innovation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Silva PYF, Lima da Cruz MC, Guerra Azevedo I, Moreira RS, Sousa KG, Pereira SA. Risk of Global Developmental Delay in Infants Born from Mothers with COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Womens Health 2023; 15:467-474. [PMID: 37033123 PMCID: PMC10075265 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s389291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the risk of global developmental delay in infants born from mothers with COVID-19. Patients and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between March and November 2021, with 54 infants of both sexes aged between 1 and 12 months. Twenty-seven infants born from mothers diagnosed with COVID-19 during pregnancy composed the COVID-19 group, whereas infants born from mothers not exposed to COVID-19 composed the control group. Medical records and child health booklets provided neonatal and prenatal data. The Survey of Wellbeing of Young Children screened the risk of global developmental delay during a phone interview or home visit. Chi-squared, Mann-Whitney test, and binary logistic regression were applied. Results The risk of motor developmental delay was identified in 15 infants (12 in the COVID-19 group), while 36 were at risk of behavioral alteration (22 in the COVID-19 group). The COVID-19 group presented a 6.3-fold risk of motor developmental delay. Motor developmental delay was also significantly associated with socioemotional alterations (odds ratio = 6.4, p = 0.01). Regarding families of infants in the COVID-19 group, 63% of the mothers presented risk of depression, 51.9% risk of substance abuse, 40.7% risk of food insecurity, and 7.4% risk of domestic violence. The inflexibility subscale of the survey was a statistically relevant variable for the socioemotional domain. Conclusion Infants born from mothers with COVID-19 were at high risk of motor developmental delay and socioemotional alterations. Although, this study fills an important gap in the literature regarding the influence of maternal exposure to COVID-19 on infant development, new studies screening families with infants at risk of developmental delay may significantly impact maternal and child health-related indicators, such as physical health, emotional development and social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ykaro Fialho Silva
- Physical Therapy Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara Lima da Cruz
- Physical Therapy Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Guerra Azevedo
- Dirección de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, La Araucania, Chile
| | - Rafaela Silva Moreira
- Physical Therapy Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Klayton Galante Sousa
- Physical Therapy Department, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde do Trairí, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Santa Cruz, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Silvana Alves Pereira
- Physical Therapy Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
- Correspondence: Silvana Alves Pereira, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Physical Therapy Department, Campus Universitário - Lagoa Nova, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970, Brazil, Tel +55 84 99181 8144, Email
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14
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Papežová K, Kapounová Z, Zelenková V, Riad A. Nutritional Health Knowledge and Literacy among Pregnant Women in the Czech Republic: Analytical Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3931. [PMID: 36900942 PMCID: PMC10001919 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Adequate nutrition and the nutritional status of pregnant women are critical for the health of both the mother and the developing foetus. Research has shown a significant impact of nutrition on the child's health and the future risk of developing chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. There is currently no data on the level of nutritional knowledge of Czech pregnant women. This survey aimed to evaluate their level of nutritional knowledge and literacy. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in two healthcare facilities in Prague and Pilsen between April and June 2022. An anonymous self-administered paper-form questionnaire for assessing the level of nutritional knowledge (40 items) and the Likert scale for assessing nutrition literacy (5 items) were used. A total number of 401 women completed the questionnaire. An individual's nutritional knowledge score was calculated and compared with demographic and anamnestic characteristics using statistical methods. The results showed that only 5% of women achieved an overall nutritional score of 80% or more. University education (p < 0.001), living in the capital city (p < 0.001), experiencing first pregnancy (p = 0.041), having normal weight and being overweight (p = 0.024), and having NCDs (p = 0.044) were statistically significantly associated with a higher nutritional knowledge score. The lowest knowledge scores were found in the areas of optimal energy intake, optimal weight gain, and the role of micronutrients in diet during pregnancy. In conclusion, the study shows limited nutrition knowledge of Czech pregnant women in some areas of nutrition. Increasing nutritional knowledge and nutrition literacy in Czech pregnant women is crucial for supporting their optimal course of pregnancy and the future health of their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Papežová
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Social Medicine, Department of Social and Assesment Medicine, Charles University, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Zlata Kapounová
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Zelenková
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Abanoub Riad
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation (Cochrane Czech Republic, Czech EBHC: JBI Centre of Excellence, Masaryk University GRADE Centre), Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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15
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Metayer C, Imani P, Dudoit S, Morimoto L, Ma X, Wiemels JL, Petrick LM. One-Carbon (Folate) Metabolism Pathway at Birth and Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Biomarker Study in Newborns. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1011. [PMID: 36831356 PMCID: PMC9953980 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is the most common cancer in children in industrialized countries, and its initiation often occurs prenatally. Folic acid is a key vitamin in the production and modification of DNA, and prenatal folic acid intake is known to reduce the risk of childhood leukemia. We characterized the one-carbon (folate) metabolism nutrients that may influence risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) among 122 cases diagnosed at age 0-14 years during 1988-2011 and 122 controls matched on sex, age, and race/ethnicity. Using hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) applied to neonatal dried blood spots, we evaluated 11 folate pathway metabolites, overall and by sex, race/ethnicity, and age at diagnosis. To conduct the prediction analyses, the 244 samples were separated into learning (75%) and test (25%) sets, maintaining the matched pairings. The learning set was used to train classification methods which were evaluated on the test set. High classification error rates indicate that the folate pathway metabolites measured have little predictive capacity for pediatric ALL. In conclusion, the one-carbon metabolism nutrients measured at birth were unable to predict subsequent leukemia in children. These negative findings are reflective of the last weeks of pregnancy and our study does not address the impact of these nutrients at the time of conception or during the first trimester of pregnancy that are critical for the embryo's DNA methylation programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Metayer
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Partow Imani
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Sandrine Dudoit
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Libby Morimoto
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Xiaomei Ma
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Joseph L. Wiemels
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Lauren M. Petrick
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Bert Strassburger Metabolic Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 5211401, Israel
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16
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Rudge MVC, Alves FCB, Hallur RLS, Oliveira RG, Vega S, Reyes DRA, Floriano JF, Prudencio CB, Garcia GA, Reis FVDS, Emanueli C, Fuentes G, Cornejo M, Toledo F, Valenzuela-Hinrichsen A, Guerra C, Grismaldo A, Valero P, Barbosa AMP, Sobrevia L. Consequences of the exposome to gestational diabetes mellitus. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130282. [PMID: 36436753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The exposome is the cumulative measure of environmental influences and associated biological responses throughout the lifespan, including those from the environment, diet, behaviour, and endogenous processes. The exposome concept and the 2030 Agenda for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) from the United Nations are the basis for understanding the aetiology and consequences of non-communicable diseases, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Pregnancy may be developed in an environment with adverse factors part of the immediate internal medium for fetus development and the external medium to which the pregnant woman is exposed. The placenta is the interface between maternal and fetal compartments and acts as a protective barrier or easing agent to transfer exposome from mother to fetus. Under and over-nutrition in utero, exposure to adverse environmental pollutants such as heavy metals, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, pesticides, drugs, pharmaceuticals, lifestyle, air pollutants, and tobacco smoke plays a determinant role in the development of GDM. This phenomenon is worsened by metabolic stress postnatally, such as obesity which increases the risk of GDM and other diseases. Clinical risk factors for GDM development include its aetiology. It is proposed that knowledge-based interventions to change the potential interdependent ecto-exposome and endo-exposome could avoid the occurrence and consequences of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilza V C Rudge
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-687 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda C B Alves
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-687 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raghavendra L S Hallur
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-687 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil; Centre for Biotechnology, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences (DU), Loni-413736, Rahata Taluk, Ahmednagar District, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rafael G Oliveira
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-687 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sofia Vega
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-687 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil; Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrician, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - David R A Reyes
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-687 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana F Floriano
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-687 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline B Prudencio
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-687 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela A Garcia
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Technology (POSMAT), 17033-360 Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana V D S Reis
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-687 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Gonzalo Fuentes
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrician, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Marcelo Cornejo
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 02800, Chile; Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrician, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán 3780000, Chile; Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrician, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Andrés Valenzuela-Hinrichsen
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrician, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Catalina Guerra
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrician, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Adriana Grismaldo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Eutra, The Institute for Obesity Research (IOR), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64710, Mexico; Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrician, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Paola Valero
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrician, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Angelica M P Barbosa
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-687 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, School of Philosophy and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 17525-900 Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-687 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Eutra, The Institute for Obesity Research (IOR), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monterrey, Nuevo León 64710, Mexico; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston QLD 4029, Queensland, Australia; Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrician, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile.
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Beopoulos A, Géa M, Fasano A, Iris F. RNA epitranscriptomics dysregulation: A major determinant for significantly increased risk of ASD pathogenesis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1101422. [PMID: 36875672 PMCID: PMC9978375 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1101422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are perhaps the most severe, intractable and challenging child psychiatric disorders. They are complex, pervasive and highly heterogeneous and depend on multifactorial neurodevelopmental conditions. Although the pathogenesis of autism remains unclear, it revolves around altered neurodevelopmental patterns and their implications for brain function, although these cannot be specifically linked to symptoms. While these affect neuronal migration and connectivity, little is known about the processes that lead to the disruption of specific laminar excitatory and inhibitory cortical circuits, a key feature of ASD. It is evident that ASD has multiple underlying causes and this multigenic condition has been considered to also dependent on epigenetic effects, although the exact nature of the factors that could be involved remains unclear. However, besides the possibility for differential epigenetic markings directly affecting the relative expression levels of individual genes or groups of genes, there are at least three mRNA epitranscriptomic mechanisms, which function cooperatively and could, in association with both genotypes and environmental conditions, alter spatiotemporal proteins expression patterns during brain development, at both quantitative and qualitative levels, in a tissue-specific, and context-dependent manner. As we have already postulated, sudden changes in environmental conditions, such as those conferred by maternal inflammation/immune activation, influence RNA epitranscriptomic mechanisms, with the combination of these processes altering fetal brain development. Herein, we explore the postulate whereby, in ASD pathogenesis, RNA epitranscriptomics might take precedence over epigenetic modifications. RNA epitranscriptomics affects real-time differential expression of receptor and channel proteins isoforms, playing a prominent role in central nervous system (CNS) development and functions, but also RNAi which, in turn, impact the spatiotemporal expression of receptors, channels and regulatory proteins irrespective of isoforms. Slight dysregulations in few early components of brain development, could, depending upon their extent, snowball into a huge variety of pathological cerebral alterations a few years after birth. This may very well explain the enormous genetic, neuropathological and symptomatic heterogeneities that are systematically associated with ASD and psychiatric disorders at large.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Géa
- Bio-Modeling Systems, Tour CIT, Paris, France
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, United States
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18
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Crute CE, Hall SM, Landon CD, Garner A, Everitt JI, Zhang S, Blake B, Olofsson D, Chen H, Murphy SK, Stapleton HM, Feng L. Evaluating maternal exposure to an environmental per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) mixture during pregnancy: Adverse maternal and fetoplacental effects in a New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156499. [PMID: 35679923 PMCID: PMC9374364 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Mixtures of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are often found in drinking water, and serum PFAS are detected in up to 99% of the population. However, very little is known about how exposure to mixtures of PFAS affects maternal and fetal health. The aim of this study was to investigate maternal, fetal, and placental outcomes after preconceptional and gestational exposure to an environmentally relevant PFAS mixture in a New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit model. Dams were exposed via drinking water to control (no detectable PFAS) or a PFAS mixture for 32 days. This mixture was formulated with PFAS to resemble levels measured in tap water from Pittsboro, NC (10 PFAS compounds; total PFAS load = 758.6 ng/L). Maternal, fetal, and placental outcomes were evaluated at necropsy. Thyroid hormones were measured in maternal serum and kit blood. Placental gene expression was evaluated by RNAseq and qPCR. PFAS exposure resulted in higher body weight (p = 0.01), liver (p = 0.01) and kidney (p = 0.01) weights, blood pressure (p = 0.05), and BUN:CRE ratio (p = 0.04) in dams, along with microscopic changes in renal cortices. Fetal weight, measures, and histopathology were unchanged, but a significant interaction between dose and sex was detected in the fetal: placental weight ratio (p = 0.036). Placental macroscopic changes were present in PFAS-exposed dams. Dam serum showed lower T4 and a higher T3:T4 ratio, although not statistically significant. RNAseq revealed that 11 of the 14 differentially expressed genes (adj. p < 0.1) are involved in placentation or pregnancy complications. In summary, exposure elicited maternal weight gain and signs of hypertension, renal injury, sex-specific changes in placental response, and differential expression of genes involved in placentation and preeclampsia. Importantly, these are the first results to show adverse maternal and placental effects of an environmentally-relevant PFAS mixture in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Crute
- Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Samantha M Hall
- Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chelsea D Landon
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Angela Garner
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Everitt
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sharon Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Bevin Blake
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Didrik Olofsson
- Omiqa Bioinformatics GmbH, Altensteinstasse 40, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Henry Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Susan K Murphy
- Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Heather M Stapleton
- Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Liping Feng
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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19
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Zhu W, Gu Y, Li M, Zhang Z, Liu J, Mao Y, Zhu Q, Zhao L, Shen Y, Chen F, Xia L, He L, Du J. Integrated single-cell RNA-seq and DNA methylation reveal the effects of air pollution in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:105. [PMID: 35999615 PMCID: PMC9400245 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01327-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal air pollutants exposure is associated with a number of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). However, the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. The present study aimed to understand the mechanism of RSA and its relationship with air pollution exposure. We compared data of decidual tissue from individuals with induced abortions and those with RSA by bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS), and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were verified using RT-qPCR and pyrosequencing. A logistic regression model was used to investigate the association between air pollutants exposure and RSA. Results We identified 98 DEGs with aberrant methylation by overlapping the RRBS and RNA-seq data. Nineteen immune cell subsets were identified. Compared with normal controls, NK cells and macrophages accounted for different proportions in the decidua of patients with RSA. We observed that the methylation and expression of IGF2BP1 were different between patients with RSA and controls. Furthermore, we observed significant positive associations between maternal air pollutants exposure during the year prior to pregnancy and in early pregnancy and the risk of RSA. Mediation analyses suggested that 24.5% of the effects of air pollution on the risk of RSA were mediated through IGF2BP1 methylation. Conclusion These findings reveal a comprehensive cellular and molecular mechanism of RSA and suggest that air pollution might cause pregnancy loss by affecting the methylation level of the IGF2BP1 promoter. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-022-01327-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Zhu
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 2140 Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Outpatient, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Li
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 2140 Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhaofeng Zhang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 2140 Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Junwei Liu
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 2140 Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanyan Mao
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 2140 Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qianxi Zhu
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 2140 Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 2140 Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yupei Shen
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 2140 Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fujia Chen
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 2140 Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lingjin Xia
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 2140 Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jing Du
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 2140 Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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20
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DNA Methylation Profiles of GAD1 in Human Cerebral Organoids of Autism Indicate Disrupted Epigenetic Regulation during Early Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169188. [PMID: 36012452 PMCID: PMC9408997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation profiling has become a promising approach towards identifying biomarkers of neuropsychiatric disorders including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Epigenetic markers capture genetic risk factors and diverse exogenous and endogenous factors, including environmental risk factors and complex disease pathologies. We analysed the differential methylation profile of a regulatory region of the GAD1 gene using cerebral organoids generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from adults with a diagnosis of ASD and from age- and gender-matched healthy individuals. Both groups showed high levels of methylation across the majority of CpG sites within the profiled GAD1 region of interest. The ASD group exhibited a higher number of unique DNA methylation patterns compared to controls and an increased CpG-wise variance. We detected six differentially methylated CpG sites in ASD, three of which reside within a methylation-dependent transcription factor binding site. In ASD, GAD1 is subject to differential methylation patterns that may not only influence its expression, but may also indicate variable epigenetic regulation among cells.
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21
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Association between Early Life Famine Exposure and Metabolic Syndrome in Adulthood. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142881. [PMID: 35889837 PMCID: PMC9316256 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To analyze the relationship between famine exposure at different stages of early life and the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adulthood, 11,865 study participants from the 2015 Chinese Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance Program were enrolled and then divided into a non-exposed group, fetal exposure group, early childhood exposure group, middle childhood exposure group and late childhood exposure group according to their birth time and famine exposure. MetS was defined by the NCEP ATP III criteria. Using logistic regression to explore the association between famine exposure at different stages of early life and the increased risk of developing MetS in adulthood. After adjusting other factors, compared with the non-exposure group, famine exposure during the fetal period (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.00–1.51), early childhood (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.11–1.87), middle childhood (OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.13–1.99) and late childhood (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.21–2.30) had a higher risk of developing MetS in adulthood. Stratified analysis found an association between early life famine exposure and the increased risk of MetS in adulthood in females, overweight or obese participants and those who lived in areas of severe famine, in city areas and in southern China. Compared with the non-exposed group, the fetal, early childhood, middle childhood and late childhood famine-exposed groups are more likely to suffer from MetS in adulthood, especially the subjects who are females, overweight or obese and had lived in severe famine areas, city areas and southern China.
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22
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Canada's Colonial Genocide of Indigenous Peoples: A Review of the Psychosocial and Neurobiological Processes Linking Trauma and Intergenerational Outcomes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116455. [PMID: 35682038 PMCID: PMC9179992 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The policies and actions that were enacted to colonize Indigenous Peoples in Canada have been described as constituting cultural genocide. When one considers the long-term consequences from the perspective of the social and environmental determinants of health framework, the impacts of such policies on the physical and mental health of Indigenous Peoples go well beyond cultural loss. This paper addresses the impacts of key historical and current Canadian federal policies in relation to the health and well-being of Indigenous Peoples. Far from constituting a mere lesson in history, the connections between colonialist policies and actions on present-day outcomes are evaluated in terms of transgenerational and intergenerational transmission processes, including psychosocial, developmental, environmental, and neurobiological mechanisms and trauma responses. In addition, while colonialist policies have created adverse living conditions for Indigenous Peoples, resilience and the perseverance of many aspects of culture may be maintained through intergenerational processes.
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23
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Effect of Prenatal Opioid Exposure on the Human Placental Methylome. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051150. [PMID: 35625888 PMCID: PMC9138340 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to addictive drugs can lead to placental epigenetic modifications, but a methylome-wide evaluation of placental DNA methylation changes after prenatal opioid exposure has not yet been performed. Placental tissue samples were collected at delivery from 19 opioid-exposed and 20 unexposed control full-term pregnancies. Placental DNA methylomes were profiled using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylationEPIC BeadChip. Differentially methylated CpG sites associated with opioid exposure were identified with a linear model using the ‘limma’ R package. To identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) spanning multiple CpG sites, the ‘DMRcate’ R package was used. The functions of genes mapped by differentially methylated CpG sites and DMRs were further annotated using Enrichr. Differentially methylated CpGs (n = 684, unadjusted p < 0.005 and |∆β| ≥ 0.05) were mapped to 258 genes (including PLD1, MGAM, and ALCS2). Differentially methylated regions (n = 199) were located in 174 genes (including KCNMA1). Enrichment analysis of the top differentially methylated CpG sites and regions indicated disrupted epigenetic regulation of genes involved in synaptic structure, chemical synaptic transmission, and nervous system development. Our findings imply that placental epigenetic changes due to prenatal opioid exposure could result in placental dysfunction, leading to abnormal fetal brain development and the symptoms of opioid withdrawal in neonates.
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24
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McHugh J, Alexander M, Kudesia R, Krant J, Comander A, Tollefson M, Geyer C. Living Your Best Life: Lifestyle Medicine for All Women. Am J Lifestyle Med 2022; 16:577-588. [PMID: 36072687 PMCID: PMC9442465 DOI: 10.1177/15598276221087677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In an era of ever-increasing healthcare expenditures, yet simultaneously worsening outcomes, many of our patients choose between traditional medical care or often unproven alternative therapies. While the recognition of lifestyle change in addressing cardiovascular and metabolic disease grows, there is less understanding of the impact of lifestyle change on issues facing women every day. Millions of women around the globe struggle with infertility, cancer, sexual dysfunction, and dermatologic needs. Yet, research on the benefits of lifestyle change on these conditions is scarce, and gaps exist both in our understanding of evidence-based approaches to address these issues, as well as adequate provider education when evidence exists. The Women’s Health Member Interest Group convened medical experts in these areas that affect women’s lives to provide insights and meaningful education applicable not only for our patients, but also in our own lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- John McHugh
- USC Keck School of Medicine, Corona del Mar, CA, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- CCRM Fertility Houston & Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megan Alexander
- USC Keck School of Medicine, Corona del Mar, CA, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- CCRM Fertility Houston & Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rashmi Kudesia
- USC Keck School of Medicine, Corona del Mar, CA, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- CCRM Fertility Houston & Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica Krant
- USC Keck School of Medicine, Corona del Mar, CA, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- CCRM Fertility Houston & Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy Comander
- USC Keck School of Medicine, Corona del Mar, CA, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- CCRM Fertility Houston & Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle Tollefson
- USC Keck School of Medicine, Corona del Mar, CA, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- CCRM Fertility Houston & Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cynthia Geyer
- USC Keck School of Medicine, Corona del Mar, CA, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- CCRM Fertility Houston & Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
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25
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Almonaem ERA, Soliman DR, El Sayed MAM, Ahmed IA, Abdelrahman EG. Association between SNP rs59382073 in TBX2 3′ UTR and susceptibility to congenital heart diseases. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Pettigrew S, Jongenelis MI, Cronin S, Dana LM, Silva D, Prescott SL, Yeap BB. Health-related behaviours and weight status of expectant fathers. Aust N Z J Public Health 2022; 46:275-280. [PMID: 35357737 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little attention has been given to the health status and lifestyle behaviours of expectant fathers. This study aimed to examine health-related variables in a cohort of expectant fathers to identify potential focus areas for interventions designed to optimise health and wellbeing outcomes in this group. METHODS Partners of pregnant women who accessed antenatal services at a large maternity unit in a Western Australian hospital were recruited as part of the ORIGINS Project. Analyses were conducted on data from 498 expectant fathers who were primarily of mid and high socioeconomic status. RESULTS Participants reported relatively low levels of smoking and alcohol consumption and higher physical activity compared to national averages. Weight status was consistent with population norms for adult males: 76% were overweight or obese and 62% had a waist girth ≥94cm. CONCLUSIONS Expectant fathers may benefit from health interventions, especially in relation to managing their weight during this phase of their lives and beyond. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH Pregnancy represents a valuable opportunity to engage fathers-to-be in health interventions. Given identified links between paternal weight status and offspring outcomes, interventions focusing on achieving and maintaining a healthy weight among expectant fathers could be beneficial for families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pettigrew
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales
| | - Michelle I Jongenelis
- Melbourne Centre for Behaviour Change, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria
| | | | - Liyuwork M Dana
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Western Australia
| | - Desiree Silva
- Medical School, University of Western Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Western Australia
| | - Susan L Prescott
- Medical School, University of Western Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Western Australia
| | - Bu B Yeap
- Medical School, University of Western Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Western Australia
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27
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Liu J, Liao M, Huang R, You Y, Lin X, Yang H, Fan L, Zhong Y, Li X, Li J, Xiao X. Perinatal Combinational Exposure to Bisphenol A and a High-Fat Diet Contributes to Transgenerational Dysregulation of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Systems in Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:834346. [PMID: 35281091 PMCID: PMC8908026 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.834346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Both bisphenol A (BPA) and high-fat diet (HFD) exert unfavorable effects on animals and humans; moreover, they could affect the health of their offspring. BPA and HFD often coexist in modern lifestyles; however, the long-term effects of simultaneous exposure of mothers to BPA and HFD during the perinatal period on the cardiovascular and metabolic systems of the offspring remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the effect of simultaneous exposure of mothers to BPA and HFD on the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities in offspring. Institute of Cancer Research female mice (F0) were exposed to BPA and fed with HFD before and during gestation until the end of lactation. F0 mice were mated with untreated males to produce the first generation (F1); subsequently, adult F1 males/females were mated with normal females/males to produce the second generation (F2). Combined maternal exposure to BPA and HFD caused myocardial hypertrophy and aortic tunica media thickening as well as increased the cross-sectional area of cardiomyocytes and blood pressure in the matrilineal F2 generation. These cardiovascular changes might be associated with reduced endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) levels. The patrilineal female F2 was more likely to be obese than the patrilineal male F2. Re-feeding with a HFD showed a more significant weight gain and reduced energy expenditure. However, the aforementioned effects were not observed with exposure to HFD or BPA alone during the perinatal period. Our findings suggest that perinatal combinational exposure to BPA and HFD could cause metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in the offspring, Further, our findings demonstrate that the synergistic effects of HFD and BPA could be transmitted to future generations in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncheng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Maolin Liao
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongfeng Huang
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuehua You
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojing Lin
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Fan
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jibin Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoqiu Xiao,
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28
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Morton SU, Quiat D, Seidman JG, Seidman CE. Genomic frontiers in congenital heart disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2022; 19:26-42. [PMID: 34272501 PMCID: PMC9236191 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-021-00587-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The application of next-generation sequencing to study congenital heart disease (CHD) is increasingly providing new insights into the causes and mechanisms of this prevalent birth anomaly. Whole-exome sequencing analysis identifies damaging gene variants altering single or contiguous nucleotides that are assigned pathogenicity based on statistical analyses of families and cohorts with CHD, high expression in the developing heart and depletion of damaging protein-coding variants in the general population. Gene classes fulfilling these criteria are enriched in patients with CHD and extracardiac abnormalities, evidencing shared pathways in organogenesis. Developmental single-cell transcriptomic data demonstrate the expression of CHD-associated genes in particular cell lineages, and emerging insights indicate that genetic variants perturb multicellular interactions that are crucial for cardiogenesis. Whole-genome sequencing analyses extend these observations, identifying non-coding variants that influence the expression of genes associated with CHD and contribute to the estimated ~55% of unexplained cases of CHD. These approaches combined with the assessment of common and mosaic genetic variants have provided a more complete knowledge of the causes and mechanisms of CHD. Such advances provide knowledge to inform the clinical care of patients with CHD or other birth defects and deepen our understanding of the complexity of human development. In this Review, we highlight known and candidate CHD-associated human genes and discuss how the integration of advances in developmental biology research can provide new insights into the genetic contributions to CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah U. Morton
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Sarah U. Morton, Daniel Quiat
| | - Daniel Quiat
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,These authors contributed equally: Sarah U. Morton, Daniel Quiat
| | | | - Christine E. Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.,
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29
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Zhu BB, Gao H, Geng ML, Wu X, Tong J, Deng F, Zhang SY, Wu LH, Huang K, Wu XY, Gan H, Zhu P, Tao FB. Sex Discrepancy Observed for Gestational Metabolic Syndrome Parameters and Polygenic Risk Associated With Preschoolers' BMI Growth Trajectory: The Ma'anshan Birth Cohort Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:857711. [PMID: 35846310 PMCID: PMC9283700 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.857711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated the associations of childhood growth trajectories with the prenatal metabolic risks of mothers and their interaction with children's genetic susceptibility. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of gestational metabolic syndrome (GMS) risks and children's polygenic risk scores (PRSs), and their interaction effect on the BMI trajectory and obesity risk of offspring from birth to 6 years of age. METHODS A total of 2,603 mother-child pairs were recruited from the Ma'anshan birth cohort (Anhui Province of China) study. Data on maternal prepregnancy obesity, gestational weight gain (GWG), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) were used to evaluate maternal GMS risk. In addition, 1,482 cord blood samples were used to genotype 11 candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to calculate children's PRSs. The latent class growth model using the longitudinal BMI-for-age z scores (BMIz) was applied to validly capture the BMIz growth trajectory. RESULTS Maternal GMS status was associated with higher BMIz scores and with an increased risk of overweight/obesity. Positive relationships were revealed between PRS and the risk of overweight/obesity among girls. Additionally, maternal GMS significantly interacted with the child's PRS on BMIz scores and the risk of overweight/obesity among girls. Hierarchical BMI trajectory graphs by different exposure groups showed consistent findings, and both boys' and girls' BMIz trajectories were divided into three groups. Among girls, the higher the GMS risk or PRS they had, the higher the probability of being in the high BMIz trajectory group. CONCLUSIONS Maternal GMS status increased BMIz scores and the risk of obesity in both boys and girls and elevated the child's BMI trajectory from birth to 6 years of age among girls. PRSs were significantly associated with children's BMI trajectory and the risk of obesity and modified the associations between maternal GMS status and obesity biomarkers only among girls. Thus, regarding childhood obesity, steps should be taken to decrease maternal metabolic risks before and during pregnancy, and sex discrepancies should be noted to identify high-risk populations after birth to hierarchically manage them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-bei Zhu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, (Anhui Medical University), National Health Commission of the People’s Republic China, Hefei, China
| | - Meng-long Geng
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiulong Wu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Juan Tong
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fen Deng
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Si-ying Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li-hong Wu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-yan Wu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hong Gan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fang-biao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Fang-biao Tao,
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Miao Z, Li Y, Mao F, Zhang J, Sun ZS, Wang Y. Prenatal witness stress induces intergenerational anxiety-like behaviors and altered gene expression profiles in male mice. Neuropharmacology 2022; 202:108857. [PMID: 34728220 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal cues imposed on an organism can exert long-term and even cross-generational influences on the physiology and behaviors. To date, numerous rodent models have been developed to mimic the effects of prenatal physical stress on offspring. Whether psychological stress during gestation exerts adverse influences on offspring remains investigated. Here, we report that prenatal witnessing the defeat process of the mated partner induces anxiety-like behaviors in F1 male, but not female offspring. These abnormal behaviors were not present in the F2 generation, indicating a sex-specific intergenerational effects. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling identified 71 up-regulated and 120 down-regulated genes shared in F0 maternal and F1 male hippocampus. F0 and F1 hippocampi also shared witness stress-sensitive and -resistant genes. Whole transcriptome comparison reveals that F1 dentate gyrus showed differential expression profiles from hippocampus. Few differentially expressed genes were identified in the dentate gyrus of F1 stress female mice, explaining why females were resistant to the stress. Finally, candidate drugs as the potential treatment for psychological stress were predicted according to transcriptional signatures, including the histone deacetylase inhibitor and dopamine receptor agonist. Our work provides a new model for better understanding the molecular basis of prenatal psychological stress, highlighting the complexity of stress and sex factors on emotion and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Miao
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fengbiao Mao
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianghong Zhang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhong Sheng Sun
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Masiero BC, Calsa B, Oliveira CA, Moretti de Andrade TA, Esquisatto MAM, Catisti R. Morphofunctional and immunological cardiac evaluation of protein restriction on rat offspring. Ann Anat 2022; 241:151889. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2022.151889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Thomas BL, Guadagnin AR, Fehlberg LK, Sugimoto Y, Shinzato I, Drackley JK, Cardoso FC. Feeding rumen-protected lysine to dairy cows prepartum improves performance and health of their calves. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:2256-2274. [PMID: 34955262 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Providing adequate concentrations of AA in the prepartum diet is pivotal for the cow's health and performance. However, less is known about the potential in utero effects of particular AA on early-life performance of calves. This experiment was conducted to determine the effects on dairy calves when their dams were fed rumen-protected lysine (RPL; AjiPro-L Generation 3, Ajinomoto Heartland Inc.; 0.54% dry matter of total mixed ration as top dress) from 26 ± 4.6 d (mean ± standard deviation) before calving until calving. Seventy-eight male (M) and female (F) Holstein calves were assigned to 2 treatments based on their dams' prepartum treatment, RPL supplementation (PRE-L) or without RPL (CON). At the time of birth (0.5-2 h after calving), before colostrum was fed, blood samples were collected. An initial body weight was obtained at 1 to 3 h after birth. Calves were fed 470 g of colostrum replacer (Land O'Lakes Bovine IgG Colostrum Replacer, Land O'Lakes, Inc.) diluted in 3.8 L of water. Calves were provided water ad libitum and fed milk replacer (Advance Excelerate, Milk Specialties Global Animal Nutrition; 28.5% crude protein, 15% fat) at 0600 h and 1700 h until 42 d of age. Calves were measured weekly, at weaning (d 42), and at the end of the experimental period (d 56). Plasma concentrations of AA were measured on d 0, 7, and 14 d using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (Waters) with a derivatization method (AccQ-Tag Derivatization). Final body weight was greater for M (87 ± 11 kg) than F (79 ± 7 kg). Calves in PRE-L tended to have greater dry matter (814 ± 3 g/d) and crude protein (234 ± 6 g/d) intakes than those in CON (793 ± 9 g/d and 228 ± 11 g/d, respectively). Calves in PRE-L had greater average daily gain (0.96 ± 0.04 kg/d) than calves in CON (0.85 ± 0.03 kg/d) during wk 6 to 8. Calves in PRE-L tended to be medicated fewer days than CON (4.7 ± 1.2 d vs. 6.2 ± 3.4 d, respectively). Calves in PRE-L-M and CON-F (2,916 ± 112 µM and 2,848 ± 112 µM, respectively) had greater total AA concentration in plasma than calves in PRE-L-F and CON-M (2,684 ± 112 µM and 2,582 ± 112 µM, respectively). Calves in PRE-L-F and CON-M (4.09 ± 0.11% and 4.16 ± 0.11%, respectively) had greater concentration of Lys as a percentage of total AA compared with calves in CON-F and PRE-L-M (3.91 ± 0.11% and 3.90 ± 0.11%, respectively). Calves in PRE-L tended to have greater percentage of phagocytic neutrophils (39.6 ± 1.59%) than calves in CON (35.9 ± 1.59%). In conclusion, increasing the metabolizable lysine provided to prepartum dairy cows had modest effect over offspring performance, with the major result being a greater average daily gain for calves in PRE-L during the preweaning phase (wk 6-8).
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Thomas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - A R Guadagnin
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - L K Fehlberg
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - Y Sugimoto
- Ajinomoto Co. Inc., Tokyo, Japan 104-8315
| | - I Shinzato
- Ajinomoto Co. Inc., Tokyo, Japan 104-8315
| | - J K Drackley
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - F C Cardoso
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
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Wang H, Elsaadawy SA, Wu Z, Bu DP. Maternal Supply of Ruminally-Protected Lysine and Methionine During Close-Up Period Enhances Immunity and Growth Rate of Neonatal Calves. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:780731. [PMID: 34926646 PMCID: PMC8677362 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.780731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplying ruminally-protected lysine (RPL), methionine (RPM), or the two in combination (RPML) to transition dairy cows on the immunity and performance of their offspring. Eighty heifer calves (n = 20 calves per group) were assigned to four treatments based on their dam diet; basal diet (CON), a basal diet with lysine [RPL, 0.33% of dry matter (DM)], a basal diet with methionine (RPM, 0.16% DM), or with the combination (RPML). Calves were fed colostrum from their dams within 2 h of birth. Calves were then fed milk only (d 2-22), a combination of milk and milk replacer (d 23-25), and milk replacer (d 25-60). Starter feed was fed to the calves twice daily after liquid feeding. Calves blood samples were collected after calving on 0, 12, 24, and 48 h and 5 and 7 d after birth. Data were analyzed by SAS software v9.4. Providing ruminally-protected amino acids (RPAA) to transition cows improved colostrum quality compared to the CON (Brix; P < 0.01). Serum total protein concentrations were higher in calves from supplemented cows than in calves from unsupplemented cows (P < 0.01). Calves born to dams in the RPM, RPL, and RPML groups had higher plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations 0, 12, 24, and 48 h and 7 d after birth than those born to dams in the CON group (P < 0.05). The percentage of calves with adequate passive immunity transfer was increased with RPM and RPL or the two in combination (P < 0.01). However, there was no difference in the percentage of calves with adequate passive immunity transfer between the RPM and RPL groups (P = 0.21). Calves from cows that receive supplemental RPAA have a greater average daily gain (ADG) than those born to cows in the CON group (P < 0.01). These results indicate that maternal supplementation with RPM or RPL or the two in combination during the periparturient period could be an alternative strategy to improve the performance of calves, especially in accelerated growth programs in calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Samy A. Elsaadawy
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dengpan P. Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Joint Laboratory on Integrated Crop-Tree-Livestock Systems of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR) and World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Beijing, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, Changsha, China
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Ergün S. The relationship between caregiver burden and self-care agency of pregnant women with 0-6-year-old children. Nurs Open 2021; 9:1052-1059. [PMID: 34846100 PMCID: PMC8859081 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aims to determine the relationship between the burden of care and self-care abilities of pregnant women with 0-6-year-old children and the factors affecting them. DESIGN A cross-sectional questionnaire survey. METHODS This study consisted of 348 pregnant women over the age of 18, with children between the ages of 0-6. RESULTS The study determined that the self-care ability mean scores of mothers who have two or more children between the ages of 0-6 were low and the caregiver burden mean scores were high. The researcher found a negative correlation between the self-care ability scale scores and caregiver burden scale scores of pregnant women included in the study. These results are statistically significant and valuable in terms of revealing information about the caregiver burden and self-care ability of pregnant women with 0-6-year-old children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Ergün
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Balıkesir University Faculty of Health Sciences, Balıkesir, Turkey
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Effect of Grandmaternal Smoking on Body Size and Proportions at Birth. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094985. [PMID: 34067158 PMCID: PMC8124860 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many long-term adverse effects of smoking during pregnancy are known. Increasingly, adverse effects in the grandchild after grandmaternal smoking during pregnancy are reported. We explored this in a birth cohort of 24,000 grandmother–mother–child triads identified from the Finnish Medical Birth Register in 1991–2016. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the association between any smoking during pregnancy by both grandmother and mother, or only grandmother or mother on adverse birth outcomes. No smoking by neither grandmother nor mother was used as the reference. As endpoints, preterm birth, low birth weight, small for gestational age (birth weight, birth length, head circumference), and body proportionality (low ponderal index, high brain-to-body ratio, high head-to-length ratio) were included. Smoking by both grandmother and mother was consistently associated with higher risks than smoking only by the mother. Birth length and weight were especially sensitive to (grand)maternal smoking. In conclusion, the combined effect of grandmaternal and maternal smoking is associated with higher risks than only maternal smoking.
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Ungurianu A, Zanfirescu A, Nițulescu G, Margină D. Vitamin E beyond Its Antioxidant Label. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050634. [PMID: 33919211 PMCID: PMC8143145 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E, comprising tocopherols and tocotrienols, is mainly known as an antioxidant. The aim of this review is to summarize the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways linked to inflammation and malignancy modulated by its vitamers. Preclinical reports highlighted a myriad of cellular effects like modulating the synthesis of pro-inflammatory molecules and oxidative stress response, inhibiting the NF-κB pathway, regulating cell cycle, and apoptosis. Furthermore, animal-based models have shown that these molecules affect the activity of various enzymes and signaling pathways, such as MAPK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, JAK/STAT, and NF-κB, acting as the underlying mechanisms of their reported anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anti-cancer effects. In clinical settings, not all of these were proven, with reports varying considerably. Nonetheless, vitamin E was shown to improve redox and inflammatory status in healthy, diabetic, and metabolic syndrome subjects. The anti-cancer effects were inconsistent, with both pro- and anti-malignant being reported. Regarding its neuroprotective properties, several studies have shown protective effects suggesting vitamin E as a potential prevention and therapeutic (as adjuvant) tool. However, source and dosage greatly influence the observed effects, with bioavailability seemingly a key factor in obtaining the preferred outcome. We conclude that this group of molecules presents exciting potential for the prevention and treatment of diseases with an inflammatory, redox, or malignant component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Ungurianu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Anca Zanfirescu
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Georgiana Nițulescu
- Department Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Denisa Margină
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence:
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Alharthi AS, Coleman DN, Alhidary IA, Abdelrahman MM, Trevisi E, Loor JJ. Maternal body condition during late-pregnancy is associated with in utero development and neonatal growth of Holstein calves. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:44. [PMID: 33795002 PMCID: PMC8017770 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00566-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nutritional management in the dry period can alter body condition score (BCS) in dairy cows, a subjective measure of body fat. As such, differences in BCS during late-pregnancy not only mirror nutrient utilization by fat depots, but also can play important roles on the metabolic and hormonal environment. We investigated the association between cow BCS during late-pregnancy on developmental parameters and blood variables of neonatal calves. Forty-nine multiparous Holstein cows were retrospectively divided by prepartal BCS into normal BCS ≤3.25 (NormBCS; 3.02 ± 0.17, n = 30) or high BCS ≥3.75 (HighBCS; 3.83 ± 0.15, n = 19) groups. Plasma samples were collected from cows at − 10 d relative to parturition. Body weight, hip and wither height, hip width and body length were measured at birth and weekly through weaning (42 d of age) and until 9 weeks of age. Calf blood samples were collected from the jugular vein at birth (before receiving colostrum, 0 d), 24 h after first colostrum and at 7, 21, 42 and 50 d of age. The data were subjected to ANOVA using the mixed procedure of SAS. The statistical model included day, BCS, and their interactions. Results Dry matter intake (kg/d or % of body weight) during the last 4 weeks of pregnancy was lower (P ≤ 0.06) in HighBCS cows. Plasma concentrations of fatty acids, ceruloplasmin, and nitric oxide were greater overall (P < 0.05) at d − 10 prior to calving in HighBCS cows, and they tended (P = 0.08) to have greater concentrations of reactive oxygen metabolites. Birth body weight was lower (P = 0.03) in calves born to dams with HighBCS. In addition, plasma concentrations of fatty acids, albumin and urea (P < 0.05) were greater in those calves. Although calves born to cows with HighBCS maintained a lower postnatal body weight (P = 0.04), hip and wither height, hip width, and body length, there was no difference (P > 0.05) in daily starter intake and average daily gain due to maternal BCS. Conclusions Overall, results highlight an association between BCS during late-gestation on in utero calf development and postnatal growth. A high maternal BCS during late-gestation was associated with lower calf body weights, which could be due to lower maternal intakes and a state of inflammation and metabolic stress. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-021-00566-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Alharthi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - D N Coleman
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - I A Alhidary
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - M M Abdelrahman
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - E Trevisi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Science, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - J J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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Geyer C, McHugh J, Tollefson M. Lifestyle Medicine for Women: The Time Is Now! Am J Lifestyle Med 2021; 15:366-371. [PMID: 34366733 DOI: 10.1177/15598276211004233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As the founders of the American College of Lifestyle Medicine's Women's Health Member Interest Group, we welcome this issue focused on the important issues facing women, their providers, and researchers in this field. Women's health extends beyond sex-specific reproductive health issues, by also encompassing the medical conditions that are more prevalent in women as well as conditions that are expressed differently in women. Inadequate representation of women in clinical research has contributed to poorer outcomes. As lifestyle medicine forms the foundation of true health, the time is now to recognize and address these issues with research, education, and advocacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John McHugh
- The Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Wachman EM, Wang A, Isley BC, Boateng J, Beierle JA, Hansbury A, Shrestha H, Bryant C, Zhang H. Placental OPRM1 DNA methylation and associations with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome, a pilot study. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2021; 1:124-135. [PMID: 33763662 PMCID: PMC7985727 DOI: 10.37349/emed.2020.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Epigenetic variation of DNA methylation of the mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) has been identified in the blood and saliva of individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) and infants with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). It is unknown whether epigenetic variation in OPRM1 exists within placental tissue in women with OUD and whether it is associated with NOWS outcomes. In this pilot study, the authors aimed to 1) examine the association between placental OPRM1 DNA methylation levels and NOWS outcomes, and 2) compare OPRM1 methylation levels in opioid-exposed versus non-exposed control placentas. Methods: Placental tissue was collected from eligible opioid (n = 64) and control (n = 29) women after delivery. Placental DNA was isolated and methylation levels at six cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites within the OPRM1 promoter were quantified. Methylation levels were evaluated for associations with infant NOWS outcome measures: need for pharmacologic treatment, length of hospital stay (LOS), morphine treatment days, and treatment with two medications. Regression models were created and adjusted for clinical co-variates. Methylation levels between opioid and controls placentas were also compared. Results: The primary opioid exposures were methadone and buprenorphine. Forty-nine (76.6%) of the opioid-exposed infants required pharmacologic treatment, 10 (15.6%) two medications, and average LOS for all opioid-exposed infants was 16.5 (standard deviation 9.7) days. There were no significant associations between OPRM1 DNA methylation levels in the six CpG sites and any NOWS outcome measures. No significant differences were found in methylation levels between the opioid and control samples. Conclusions: No significant associations were found between OPRM1 placental DNA methylation levels and NOWS severity in this pilot cohort. In addition, no significant differences were seen in OPRM1 methylation in opioid versus control placentas. Future association studies examining methylation levels on a genome-wide level are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisha M Wachman
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02119, USA
| | - Alice Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02119, USA
| | - Breanna C Isley
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02119, USA
| | - Jeffery Boateng
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jacob A Beierle
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Aaron Hansbury
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Hira Shrestha
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02119, USA
| | - Camron Bryant
- Laboratory of Addiction Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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40
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Epigenetics, pregnancy and autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102685. [PMID: 33115633 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) are chronic conditions with a striking female predominance, frequently affecting women of childbearing age. Sex hormones and gender dimorphism of immune response are major determinants in the multifactorial pathogenesis of ARDs, with significant implications throughout reproductive life. Particularly, pregnancy represents a challenging condition in the context of autoimmunity, baring profound hormonal and immunologic changes, which are responsible for the bi-directional interaction between ARDs outcome and pregnancy course. In the latest years epigenetics has proven to be an important player in ARDs pathogenesis, finely modulating major immune functions and variably tuning the significant gender effects in autoimmunity. Additionally, epigenetics is a recognised influencer of the physiological dynamic modifications occurring during pregnancy. Still, there is currently little evidence on the pregnancy-related epigenetic modulation of immune response in ARDs patients. This review aims to overview the current knowledge of the role of epigenetics in the context of autoimmunity, as well as during physiologic and pathologic pregnancy, discussing under-regarded aspects in the interplay between ARDs and pregnancy pathology. The outline of a new ongoing European project will be presented.
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41
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Barakat R. An exercise program throughout pregnancy: Barakat model. Birth Defects Res 2020; 113:218-226. [PMID: 32613735 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The physiologic processes of pregnancy and childbirth can determine the future well-being of mothers and children due to the great quantity and quality of modifications that these processes require in all areas of the female body and fetus. Recent evidence has confirmed that modern unhealthy lifestyles negatively affect pregnancy outcomes. Engaging in unhealthy habits during pregnancy increases the risk of chronic disease in both the mother and the fetus. Regarding physical exercise during pregnancy, throughout history, many professionals and scientists have reported the best gestational conditions for the mother, fetus, and newborn. The perspectives and advice have changed over time, including periods of strong conservatism. This history has affected the recommendations for the type and amount of exercise that a healthy woman should perform during pregnancy. The aim of this article is to determine the basic aspects that physical exercise programs during pregnancy should define in the near future. Additionally, from the results of this article, we propose an exercise program model that includes many exercises spanning throughout pregnancy (3 blocks = until 20 weeks, until 30 weeks and until the end of the pregnancy). An exercise session model divided into seven parts and recommendations of operative position to exercise during pregnancy are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Barakat
- AFIPE Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Shin H, Ahn E, Choi EJ. Access to antenatal healthcare and the prevalence of oral clefts: a spatial analysis. Eur J Oral Sci 2020; 128:145-152. [PMID: 32171043 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Congenital anomalies are caused by a variety of risk factors, including individual and environmental ones. This study estimated the prevalence of oral clefts and examined their area-level risk indicators using data from The National Congenital Anomaly Survey in South Korea. Disease mapping and ecological regression were used to assess the geographical variation and potential risk indicators for oral clefts, such as living in a rural area, material deprivation, and limited access to antenatal healthcare. In South Korea, 1.15 (95% CI, 1.08-1.23) children out of every 1,000 births were born with oral clefts during 2005 and 2006. The most common oral cleft type was cleft palate, followed by cleft lip, then cleft lip and palate. Disease mapping showed that the proportion of areas with a higher risk than the national average was relatively higher for oral clefts than for all congenital abnormalities among rural and healthcare underserved areas. The relative risk of oral cleft prevalence was higher in rural areas and healthcare underserved areas than in urban areas and areas with better access to healthcare. The findings suggest that access to antenatal healthcare as well as area-level risk indicators should be considered a priority when developing measures to decrease the occurrence of oral clefts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosung Shin
- Department of Social and Humanity in Dentistry, Wonkwang University School of Dentistry, Iksan, Korea
| | - Eunsuk Ahn
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Daejeon Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eun Joo Choi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Wonkwang University School of Dentistry, Iksan, Korea
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Physical exercise and liver "fitness": Role of mitochondrial function and epigenetics-related mechanisms in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Mol Metab 2019; 32:1-14. [PMID: 32029220 PMCID: PMC6931125 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modern lifestyles, especially high-caloric intake and physical inactivity, contribute to the increased prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which becomes a significant health problem worldwide. Lifestyle changes, however, affect not only parental generation, but also their offspring, reinforcing the need for efficient preventive approaches to deal with this disease. This transgenerational influence of phenotypes dependent on parents (particularly maternal) behaviours may open additional research avenues. Despite persistent attempts to design an effective pharmacological therapy against NAFLD, physical activity, as a non-pharmacological approach, emerges as an exciting strategy. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here we briefly review the effect of physical exercise on liver mitochondria adaptations in NAFLD, highlighting the importance of mitochondrial metabolism and transgenerational and epigenetic mechanisms in liver diseases. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS A deeper look into cellular mechanisms sheds a light on possible effects of physical activity in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD through modulation of function and structure of particular organelles, namely mitochondria. Additionally, despite of increasing evidence regarding the contribution of epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of different diseases, the role of microRNAs, DNA methylation, and histone modification in NAFLD pathogenesis still needs to be elucidated.
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Zhang W, Li M, Sun F, Xu X, Zhang Z, Liu J, Sun X, Zhang A, Shen Y, Xu J, Miao M, Wu B, Yuan Y, Huang X, Shi H, Du J. Association of Sperm Methylation at LINE-1, Four Candidate Genes, and Nicotine/Alcohol Exposure With the Risk of Infertility. Front Genet 2019; 10:1001. [PMID: 31681430 PMCID: PMC6813923 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined whether smoking and drinking affect sperm quality and the DNA methylation of the repetitive element LINE-1, MEST, P16, H19, and GNAS in sperm. Semen samples were obtained from 143 male residents in a minority-inhabited district of Guizhou province in southwest China. Quantitative DNA methylation analysis of the samples was performed using MassARRAY EpiTYPER assays. Sperm motility was significantly lower in both the nicotine-exposed (P = 0.0064) and the nicotine- and alcohol-exposed (P = 0.0008) groups. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were higher in the nicotine-exposed group (P = 0.0026). The repetitive element LINE-1 was hypermethylated in the three exposed groups, while P16 was hypomethylated in the alcohol and both the alcohol and nicotine exposure groups. Our results also show that alcohol and nicotine exposure altered sperm cell quality, which may be related to the methylation levels of MEST and GNAS. In addition, MEST, GNAS, and the repetitive element LINE1 methylation was significantly associated with the concentration of sperm as well as FSH and luteinizing hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Reproductive Medical Center, Changhai Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuting Xu
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaofeng Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junwei Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowei Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aiping Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yupei Shen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Maohua Miao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Yuan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianliang Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijuan Shi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Du
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Pinel C, Prainsack B, McKevitt C. Markers as mediators: A review and synthesis of epigenetics literature. BIOSOCIETIES 2019; 13:276-303. [PMID: 31105763 PMCID: PMC6520226 DOI: 10.1057/s41292-017-0068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics, the study of the processes that control gene expression without a change in DNA sequence, highlights the importance of environmental factors in gene regulation. This paper maps the terrain of epigenetics and identifies four main research subfields: gene expression; molecular epigenetics; clinical epigenetics and epigenetic epidemiology. Within and across these fields, we analyse of what is conceptualised as environment and demonstrate the variable ways authors understand epigenetics environments. Then, following an analysis of the discursive strategies employed by epigenetics researchers, we demonstrate how authors portray the interactions between genes, epigenetics, and environment as relationships linking the outside (where the environment is located) with the inside (where the genes are located). We argue that authors assign specific roles to each actor: the environment as the active player initiating the relationship, the genes as recipients, and epigenetics as mediators between environment and genes. Framed as mediators, epigenetic markers can be understood as enablers of communication between environment and genome, capable of processing and organising signals so as to regulate the interactions between the actors of epigenetic relationships. This finding complicates the observation by social science scholars that the interactions between environment and genes can be understood through the concept of signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Pinel
- School of Population Sciences and Health Services Research, King’s College London, UK
| | - Barbara Prainsack
- Department of Political Science, University of Vienna, Austria
- Department of Global Health & Social Medicine, King’s College London, UK
| | - Christopher McKevitt
- School of Population Sciences and Health Services Research, King’s College London, UK
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Hill B, Kothe EJ, Currie S, Danby M, Lang AY, Bailey C, Moran LJ, Teede H, North M, Bruce LJ, Skouteris H. A systematic mapping review of the associations between pregnancy intentions and health-related lifestyle behaviours or psychological wellbeing. Prev Med Rep 2019; 14:100869. [PMID: 31011520 PMCID: PMC6465583 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic mapping review of the literature that explored associations of pregnancy intentions with health-related lifestyle behaviours and psychological wellbeing before and during pregnancy. Six databases were searched (May 2017) for papers relating to pregnancy intentions, health-related lifestyle behaviours, and psychological wellbeing. The literature was mapped according to the preconception or pregnancy period; prospective or retrospective variable assessment; and reported lifestyle behaviours and psychological wellbeing outcomes. Of 19,430 retrieved records, 303 studies were eligible. Pregnancy intentions were considered during the preconception period in 103 studies (only 23 assessed prospectively), and during the pregnancy period in 208 studies (141 prospectively). Associations between pregnancy intention and preconception behaviours/psychological wellbeing were primarily reported for supplement use (n = 58) and were lacking for diet/exercise, and psychological factors. For behaviours/psychological wellbeing during pregnancy, associations with pregnancy intention were focused on prenatal care (n = 79), depression (n = 61), and smoking (n = 56) and were lacking for diet/exercise. Only 7 studies assessed pregnancy intentions with a validated tool. Despite a large body of literature, there were several methodological limitations identified, namely assessment of pregnancy intentions with non-validated measures and the reliance on retrospective assessment. Future primary studies are needed to fill gaps in our understanding regarding energy-balance-related behaviours. Future studies (including reviews/meta-analyses) should take care to address the noted limitations to provide a comprehensive and accurate understanding of the relationships between pregnancy intentions and health-related lifestyle behaviours and psychological wellbeing before and during pregnancy. Reliance on the assessment of pregnancy intentions with non-validated measures Reliance on retrospective assessment Studies on preconception pregnancy intentions and diet/exercise lacking
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Affiliation(s)
- Briony Hill
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 1, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, Melbourne 3168, Australia.,School of Psychology, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong 3220, Australia.,Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong 3220, Australia
| | - Emily J Kothe
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong 3220, Australia.,Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong 3220, Australia
| | - Sinéad Currie
- Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - Meaghan Danby
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong 3220, Australia
| | - Adina Y Lang
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 1, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, Melbourne 3168, Australia
| | - Cate Bailey
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 1, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, Melbourne 3168, Australia
| | - Lisa J Moran
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 1, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, Melbourne 3168, Australia
| | - Helena Teede
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 1, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, Melbourne 3168, Australia
| | - Madelon North
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong 3220, Australia
| | - Lauren J Bruce
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 1, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, Melbourne 3168, Australia
| | - Helen Skouteris
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 1, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, Melbourne 3168, Australia
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Babić Božović I, Stanković A, Živković M, Vraneković J, Mahulja-Stamenković V, Brajenović-Milić B. Maternal LINE-1 DNA Methylation and Congenital Heart Defects in Down Syndrome. Front Genet 2019; 10:41. [PMID: 30787943 PMCID: PMC6372553 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities associated with congenital heart defects (CHD), with approximately 40 to 60% of cases showing cardiac defects. This study assessed (i) the association between maternal LINE-1 methylation and the occurrence of CHDs in children with DS and (ii) the impact of endogenous maternal factors (MTHFR C677T polymorphism and maternal age) and exogenous maternal factors (cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, medication use, body mass index and dietary habits such as folate intake) on maternal LINE-1 methylation and on the occurrence of CHD in children with DS. Patients and Methods: The study included 90 mothers of children with DS of maternal origin (49% DS-CHD+ mothers/51% DS-CHD− mothers). LINE-1 DNA methylation was analyzed in peripheral blood lymphocytes by quantification of LINE-1 methylation using the MethyLight method. MTHFR C677T polymorphism genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP. Results: LINE-1 methylation was not significantly different between DS-CHD+ and DS-CHD− mothers (P = 0.997). Combination of MTHFR C677T genotype/diet and BMI were significant independent predictors of LINE-1 DNA methylation in DS-CHD+ mothers (β −0.40, P = 0.01 and β −0.32, P = 0.03, respectively). In the analyzed multivariate model (model P = 0.028), these two factors explained around 72% of the variance in LINE-1 DNA methylation in mothers of children with DS and CHD. The group with the highest BMI (≥30 kg/m2) had significantly lower LINE-1 methylation than the group with normal BMI (Bonferroni post hoc P = 0.03) and the overweight group (Bonferroni post hoc P = 0.04). The lowest LINE-1 DNA methylation values were found in DS-CHD+ mothers with the CT+TT genotype and a low-folate diet; the values were significantly lower than the values in mothers with the CC genotype and a folate-rich diet (Bonferroni post hoc P = 0.04). Conclusion: Association between maternal LINE-1 methylation and CHD in children with DS was not found. Study showed that the MTHFR genotype/diet combination and BMI were significantly associated with LINE-1 methylation in mothers of children with DS-CHD+. These results highlight the need for a multifactorial approach to assess the roles of endogenous and exogenous maternal factors in maternal LINE-1 DNA methylation and the consequent pathologies in children. More extensive studies in a larger sample may help elucidate these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Babić Božović
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Aleksandra Stanković
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Živković
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jadranka Vraneković
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Vesna Mahulja-Stamenković
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Bojana Brajenović-Milić
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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Zhang RR, Cai K, Liu L, Yang Q, Zhang P, Gui YH, Wang F. A regulatory variant in TBX2 promoter is related to the decreased susceptibility of congenital heart disease in the Han Chinese population. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2018; 7:e00530. [PMID: 30525309 PMCID: PMC6393683 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tbx2 plays a vital role in the cardiac cushion development. In this study, we aimed to determine the relationship between common genetic variants in the promoter region of TBX2 gene and the risk of congenital heart disease (CHD). Methods Blood samples of 516 CHD patients and 587 control subjects were enrolled. Sanger sequencing and SNaPshot analysis were performed for genotyping in our case–control cohort. Luciferase and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) were conducted to uncover the potential modulatory mechanism of the related variants. Results Variant rs4455026(c.‐1028G>C) in TBX2 promoter region was found to be associated with significantly lower CHD susceptibility. The risk of CHD in C allele carriers (GC and CC genotypes) decreased by 30% compared to the wild‐type GG genotype subjects (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.55–0.89, p = 0.0038). It was revealed that G to C variation resulted in a decrease in the transcriptional activity of luciferase gene, and a potential change in binding affinity with certain nucleoproteins in EMSA data. Conclusion The minor C allele of rs4455026 in TBX2 promoter region was related with lower CHD susceptibility in the Han Chinese population via repressing its transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran-Ran Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pediatrics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ke Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Hao Gui
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Maternal supply of methionine during late-pregnancy enhances rate of Holstein calf development in utero and postnatal growth to a greater extent than colostrum source. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:83. [PMID: 30498570 PMCID: PMC6251175 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-018-0298-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pregnancy and early life are critical periods of plasticity during which the fetus and neonate may be influenced by environmental factors such as nutrition. Maternal methionine (Met) supply in non-ruminants during pregnancy can affect offspring development and growth. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate if increasing Met supply during late-pregnancy affects developmental parameters of the calf at birth and if either maternal Met or colostrum from Met-fed cows alters calf growth. Calves born to Holstein cows individually-fed a basal control [CON; 1.47 Mcal/kg dry matter (DM) and 15.3% crude protein] diet with no added Met or CON plus ethylcellulose rumen-protected Met (MET; Mepron® at 0.09% of diet DM; Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Germany) during the last 28 ± 2 d of pregnancy were used. A total of 39 calves were in CON (n = 22 bulls, 17 heifers) and 42 in MET (n = 20 bulls, 22 heifers). At birth, calves were randomly allocated considering dam treatment and colostrum as follows: 1) calves from CON cows and colostrum from CON cows (n = 21); 2) calves from CON cows and colostrum from MET cows (n = 18); 3) calves from MET cows and colostrum from MET cows (n = 22); and 4) calves from MET cows and colostrum from CON cows (n = 20). All calves were housed, managed, and fed individually during the first 9 wk of life. Results Despite greater daily DM intake pre-partum in cows fed MET (15.7 vs. 14.4 ± 0.12 kg/d, P < 0.05), colostrum quality and quantity were not affected by maternal diet. At birth, MET calves had greater (P ≤ 0.05) body weight (BW, 44.1 vs. 42.1 ± 0.70 kg), hip height (HH, 81.3 vs. 79.6 ± 0.53 cm) and wither height (WH, 77.8 vs. 75.9 ± 0.47 cm). In contrast, concentrations of His, Lys, and Asn in plasma were lower (P ≤ 0.05) in MET calves. Regardless of colostrum source, the greater BW, HH, and WH in MET calves at birth persisted through 9 wk of age resulting in average responses of + 3.1 kg BW, + 1.9 cm HH, and + 1.8 cm WH compared with CON. Average daily gain during the 9 wk was (P < 0.05) 0.72 ± 0.02 kg/d in MET compared with 0.67 ± 0.02 kg/d in CON calves. Respiratory scores were normal and did not differ (P > 0.05) due to maternal Met supply or colostrum source. However, fecal scores tended to be lower (P ≤ 0.10) in MET calves regardless of colostrum source. Conclusions Increasing the maternal supply of MET during late-pregnancy enhanced growth in utero as well as during the pre-weaning and early post-weaning periods. Although the ~ 1 kg/d greater DM intake during the last 2-3 wk prior to parturition could explain a portion of the 2 kg extra body mass of MET calves at birth, other mechanisms potentially encompassing nutrient assimilation efficiency likely played a role. Assessing the exact mechanisms sensitive to supply of Met or total amino acid supply during the latter stages of growth in utero merit further research.
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Esposito G, Azhari A, Borelli JL. Gene × Environment Interaction in Developmental Disorders: Where Do We Stand and What's Next? Front Psychol 2018; 9:2036. [PMID: 30416467 PMCID: PMC6212589 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the field of psychiatry has witnessed the proliferation of studies on Gene × Environment (G×E) interactions, still limited is the knowledge we possess of G×E interactions regarding developmental disorders. In this perspective paper, we discuss why G×E interaction studies are needed to broaden our knowledge of developmental disorders. We also discuss the different roles of hazardous versus self-generated environmental factors and how these types of factors may differentially engage with an individual's genetic background in predicting a resulting phenotype. Then, we present examplar studies that highlight the role of G×E in predicting atypical developmental trajectories as well as provide insight regarding treatment outcomes. Supported by these examples, we explore the need to move beyond merely examining statistical interactions between genes and the environment, and the motivation to investigate specific genetic susceptibility and environmental contexts that drive developmental disorders. We propose that further parsing of genetic and environmental components is required to fully understand the unique contribution of each factor to the etiology of developmental disorders. Finally, with a greater appreciation of the complexities of G×E interaction, this discussion will converge upon the potential implications for clinical and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Esposito
- Psychology Program, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Atiqah Azhari
- Psychology Program, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jessica L. Borelli
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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