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Gutiérrez Santana JC, Coria Jiménez VR. Burkholderia cepacia complex in cystic fibrosis: critical gaps in diagnosis and therapy. Ann Med 2024; 56:2307503. [PMID: 38261606 PMCID: PMC10810671 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2307503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is a bacterial group with 'natural' multi-antimicrobial resistance. This complex has generated epidemic outbreaks across the world. In people with cystic fibrosis (CF), Bcc can cause severe lung infections that lead to accelerated lung damage, which can be complicated by necrotizing pneumonia accompanied by high fevers, leucocytosis, and bacteraemia, which commonly causes fatal outcomes. Specifically, infection by Burkholderia cenocepacia is considered an exclusion criterion for lung transplantation. The species of Bcc exhibit both genetic and phenotypic hypervariability that complicate their accurate microbiological identification. Automated methods such as MALDI-TOF can err in the determination of species. Their slow growth even in selective agars and the absence of international consensuses on the optimal conditions for their isolation make early diagnosis a difficult challenge to overcome. The absence of correlations between antibiograms and clinical results has resulted in the absence of standardized cut-off values of antimicrobial susceptibility, a fact that brings a latent risk since incorrect antibiotic therapy can induce the selection of more aggressive variants that worsen the clinical picture of the host, added to the absence of a clear therapeutic guide for the eradication of pulmonary infections by Bcc in patients with CF, resulting in frequently ineffective treatments. There is an urgent need to standardize methods and diagnostic tools that would allow an early and accurate diagnosis, as well as to perform clinical studies of the effectiveness of available antibiotics to eradicate Bcc infections, which would allow us to establish standardized therapeutic schemes for Bcc-infected patients.
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Guo Y, Tang K, Sit B, Gu J, Chen R, Shao X, Lin S, Huang Z, Nie Z, Lin J, Liu X, Wang W, Gao X, Liu T, Liu F, Luo HR, Waldor MK, Wang X. Control of lysogeny and antiphage defense by a prophage-encoded kinase-phosphatase module. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7244. [PMID: 39174532 PMCID: PMC11341870 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51617-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The filamentous 'Pf' bacteriophages of Pseudomonas aeruginosa play roles in biofilm formation and virulence, but mechanisms governing Pf prophage activation in biofilms are unclear. Here, we identify a prophage regulatory module, KKP (kinase-kinase-phosphatase), that controls virion production of co-resident Pf prophages and mediates host defense against diverse lytic phages. KKP consists of Ser/Thr kinases PfkA and PfkB, and phosphatase PfpC. The kinases have multiple host targets, one of which is MvaU, a host nucleoid-binding protein and known prophage-silencing factor. Characterization of KKP deletion and overexpression strains with transcriptional, protein-level and prophage-based approaches indicates that shifts in the balance between kinase and phosphatase activities regulate phage production by controlling MvaU phosphorylation. In addition, KKP acts as a tripartite toxin-antitoxin system that provides defense against some lytic phages. A conserved lytic phage replication protein inhibits the KKP phosphatase PfpC, stimulating toxic kinase activity and blocking lytic phage production. Thus, KKP represents a phosphorylation-based mechanism for prophage regulation and antiphage defense. The conservation of KKP gene clusters in >1000 diverse temperate prophages suggests that integrated control of temperate and lytic phage infection by KKP-like regulatory modules may play a widespread role in shaping host cell physiology.
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Grants
- This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (42188102, 92451302, 31625001, 91951203, 42376128 and 31970037), by the Science & Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program (2022FY100600), by the National Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2024A1515011146), by the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research (2019B030302004), by the Guangdong Local Innovation Team Program (2019BT02Y262), by the Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Commission Grant (21JCQNJC01550), and by the Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem Innovation Fund (HH22KYZX0019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxue Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaihao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Brandon Sit
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jiayu Gu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinqi Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Hematological Disease Treatment Related Infection, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Shituan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zixian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaolong Nie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianzhong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiquan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianlang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Hematological Disease Treatment Related Infection, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongbo R Luo
- Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew K Waldor
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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McDonald-Ramos JS, Hicklin IK, Yang Z, Brown AM. Identification of small molecule inhibitors of the Chloracidobacterium thermophilum type IV pilus protein PilB by ensemble virtual screening. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 760:110127. [PMID: 39154818 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Antivirulence strategy has been explored as an alternative to traditional antibiotic development. The bacterial type IV pilus is a virulence factor involved in host invasion and colonization in many antibiotic resistant pathogens. The PilB ATPase hydrolyzes ATP to drive the assembly of the pilus filament from pilin subunits. We evaluated Chloracidobacterium thermophilum PilB (CtPilB) as a model for structure-based virtual screening by molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. A hexameric structure of CtPilB was generated through homology modeling based on an existing crystal structure of a PilB from Geobacter metallireducens. Four representative structures were obtained from molecular dynamics simulations to examine the conformational plasticity of PilB and improve docking analyses by ensemble docking. Structural analyses after 1 μs of simulation revealed conformational changes in individual PilB subunits are dependent on ligand presence. Further, ensemble virtual screening of a library of 4234 compounds retrieved from the ZINC15 database identified five promising PilB inhibitors. Molecular docking and binding analyses using the four representative structures from MD simulations revealed that top-ranked compounds interact with multiple Walker A residues, one Asp-box residue, and one arginine finger, indicating these are key residues in inhibitor binding within the ATP binding pocket. The use of multiple conformations in molecular screening can provide greater insight into compound flexibility within receptor sites and better inform future drug development for therapeutics targeting the type IV pilus assembly ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhaomin Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, USA; Center for Drug Discovery, USA; Center for Emerging, Zoonotic and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, USA.
| | - Anne M Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, USA; Center for Drug Discovery, USA; Center for Emerging, Zoonotic and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, USA; University Libraries, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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Walton B, Abbondante S, Marshall ME, Dobruchowska JM, Alvi A, Gallagher LA, Vallikat N, Zhang Z, Wozniak DJ, Yu EW, Boons GJ, Pearlman E, Rietsch A. A biofilm-tropic Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophage uses the exopolysaccharide Psl as receptor. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.12.607380. [PMID: 39185188 PMCID: PMC11343166 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.12.607380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria in nature can exist in multicellular communities called biofilms. Biofilms also form in the course of many infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections frequently involve biofilms, which contribute materially to the difficulty to treat these infections with antibiotic therapy. Many biofilm-related characteristics are controlled by the second messenger, cyclic-di-GMP, which is upregulated on surface contact. Among these factors is the exopolysaccharide Psl, which is a critically important component of the biofilm matrix. Here we describe the discovery of a P. aeruginosa bacteriophage, which we have called Clew-1, that directly binds to and uses Psl as a receptor. While this phage does not efficiently infect planktonically growing bacteria, it can disrupt P. aeruginosa biofilms and replicate in biofilm bacteria. We further demonstrate that the Clew-1 can reduce the bacterial burden in a mouse model of P. aeruginosa keratitis, which is characterized by the formation of a biofilm on the cornea. Due to its reliance on Psl for infection, Clew-1 does not actually form plaques on wild-type bacteria under standard in vitro conditions. This argues that our standard isolation procedures likely exclude bacteriophage that are adapted to using biofilm markers for infection. Importantly, the manner in which we isolated Clew-1 can be easily extended to other strains of P. aeruginosa and indeed other bacterial species, which will fuel the discovery of other biofilm-tropic bacteriophage and expand their therapeutic use.
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Malhotra S, Yang C, Nicholson KL, Wozniak DJ, Hayes D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection and Inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis: A Pilot Study With Lung Explants and a Novel Histopathology Scoring System. Lung 2024:10.1007/s00408-024-00733-y. [PMID: 39096413 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-024-00733-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the predominant bacterial pathogen colonizing the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung. Mixed populations of nonmucoid and mucoid variants of P. aeruginosa have been isolated from the CF airway. While the association between mucoid variants and pulmonary function decline is well-established, their impact on inflammation and tissue damage in advanced CF lung disease remains unclear. METHODS This pilot study utilized 1 non-CF and 3 CF lung explants to examine lobar distribution, inflammation, and histopathology related to nonmucoid and mucoid P. aeruginosa infection. To study tissue damage, we developed a novel lung histopathology scoring system, the first applied to human CF lung biopsies, which is comprised of five indicators: bronchiolar epithelial infiltrate, luminal inflammation, peribronchial/bronchiolar infiltrate, peribronchiolar fibrosis, and alveolar involvement. RESULTS Mucoid P. aeruginosa variants were distributed throughout the CF lung but associated with greater concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IFN-γ, and one anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, compared to nonmucoid variants. CF lung explants exhibited higher histopathology scores compared to a non-CF lung control. In mixed-variant infection, nonmucoid constituents associated with increased bronchiolar epithelial infiltration, one indicator of histopathology. CONCLUSION This pilot study suggests ongoing interplay between host and bacterial elements in late-stage CF pulmonary disease. Mucoid P. aeruginosa infection correlates with inflammation regardless of lung lobe, whereas nonmucoid P. aeruginosa is associated with increased inflammatory cell infiltration. The development of a novel lung histopathology scoring system lays the groundwork for future large-cohort investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankalp Malhotra
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, USA
| | - Ching Yang
- Anatomic Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Kerri L Nicholson
- Lung and Heart-Lung Transplant Program, Section of Pulmonary, Department of Pediatrics, Sleep Medicine and Cystic Fibrosis, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, USA
| | - Daniel J Wozniak
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, USA
| | - Don Hayes
- Lung Transplant Program, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLC 7041, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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Gokhale KM, Patravale V, Pingale R, Pandey P, Vavilala SL. Se-functionalized ZIF-8 nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and disruption of biofilms and quorum sensing in Serratia marcescens. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:055020. [PMID: 39025122 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad6549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The majority of research on nanomaterials has been concentrated on metal nanoparticles since they are easily made and manipulated. Nanomaterials have shown a wide range of applications in biology. Nevertheless, their bioactivity declines due to their extreme susceptibility to and novel Se@ZIF-8 by chemical method. The sizes and morphologies of Se (0) and Se@ZIFchemical and physical stimuli. The goal of encapsulating these nanomaterials in a matrix is gradually being pursued, which boosts their affordability, stability, and usability. Metal-organic frameworks, often known as MOFs, have the potential to be the best platforms for encapsulating metal nanoparticles due to their well-defined frameworks, persistent porosity, and flexibility in modification. In this investigation, we report the synthesis and optimization of polyvinylpyrrolidone-stabilized Se(0) nanoparticles -8 were affected by the ratios of Se/Zn2+and [hmim]/Zn2+used. The optimized Se@ZIF-8 nanoparticles exhibited a particle size and zeta potential of 319 nm and -34 mv respectively. Transmission electron microscopy displayed spherical morphology for Se(0) nanoparticles, whereas the surface morphology of novel Se@ZIF-8 nanoparticles was drastically changed to hexagonal shaped structures with smooth surface morphologies in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The DTA, TG/DTG, XRD analysis confirmed the presence of novel Se incorporated ZIF-8 nanoparticulate framework. The synthesized novel Se@ZIF-8 nanoparticles showed efficient antibacterial activity as evidenced by low MIC values. Interestingly, these Se@ZIF-8 NPs not only inhibited biofilm formation inS. marcescens,but also effectively eradicated mature biofilms by degrading the eDNA of the EPS layer. It was validated by confocal laser scanning microscopy and SEM analysis. It was observed that Se@ZIF-8 targeted the Quroum Sensing pathway and reduced its associated virulence factors production. This work opens up a different approach of Se@ZIF-8 nanoparticles as novel antibiotics to treat biofilm-associated infections caused byS. marcescensand offer a solution for antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal M Gokhale
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Department of Pharm. Sciences and Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Rutuja Pingale
- Dr. L. H. Hiranandani College of Pharmacy, Ulhasnagar 421003, India
| | - Pooja Pandey
- School of Biological Sciences, UM DAE Centre for Excellence in basic Sciences, Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Sirisha L Vavilala
- School of Biological Sciences, UM DAE Centre for Excellence in basic Sciences, Mumbai 400098, India
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7
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Bianchi M, Esin S, Kaya E, Batoni G, Maisetta G. Anti-Persisters Activity of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Culture Filtrates against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Artificial Sputum Medium. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7113. [PMID: 39000222 PMCID: PMC11241021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Persisters are antibiotic-tolerant bacteria, playing a role in the recalcitrance and relapse of many bacterial infections, including P. aeruginosa pulmonary infections in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients. Among novel antimicrobial strategies, the use of probiotics and their products is emerging as a particularly promising approach. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-persisters activity of culture filtrate supernatants of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (LRM-CFS) against P. aeruginosa in artificial sputum medium (ASM), which resembles the CF lung environment. Planktonic persisters of two clinical strains of P. aeruginosa (PaCF1 and PaCF4) were obtained following two different procedures: (i) exposing stationary-phase cultures to cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) in LB medium; (ii) incubating stationary-phase cultures with high doses of tobramycin (128-fold MIC) in ASM. In addition, persisters from biofilm were obtained by exposing 48 h old biofilm of P. aeruginosa to 128 x MIC of ciprofloxacin. LRM-CFS at dilutions of 1:6 and 1:4 resulted in being bactericidal in ASM against both PaCF1 and PaCF4 persisters obtained after CCCP or tobramycin treatment. Moreover, LRM-CFS at dilution 1:4 caused a reduction of antibiotic-tolerant bacteria in the biofilm of both P. aeruginosa strains. Overall, LRM-CFS represents a promising adjuvant therapeutic strategy against P. aeruginosa recalcitrant infections in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bianchi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 37, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Semih Esin
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 37, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Esingül Kaya
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 37, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Batoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 37, 56123 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppantonio Maisetta
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 37, 56123 Pisa, Italy
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Lin Q, Sheng M, Kang Z, Xu J, Gao Y, Ma S, Xin B, Tan Y. Synergistic and antibiofilm activity of DNase I and glucose oxidase loaded chitosan nanoparticles against dual-species biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131943. [PMID: 38688332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes are two of the most common foodborne pathogens in the food industry. They form dual-species biofilms, which have a higher sensitivity to antimicrobial treatment and a greater microbial adhesion. In this experiment, we loaded DNase I and glucose oxidase (GOX) on chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) to explore their inhibitory effects on and disruption of dual-species biofilms of Salmonella enterica and L. monocytogenes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that CSNP-DNase-GOX and CSNPs were spherical in shape. CSNP-DNase-GOX was shifted and altered compared to the infrared peaks of CSNPs. CSNPs loaded with DNase I and GOX showed an increase in the particle size and an alteration in the polydispersity index (PDI) and the zeta potential. Compared to free DNase I or GOX, DNase I and GOX loaded on CSNPs had higher stability at different temperatures. CSNP-DNase-GOX was more effective in inhibiting dual-species biofilms than CSNP-GOX. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescence microscopy were used to observe the structure of the biofilm, which further illustrated that CSNP-DNase-GOX disrupted the dual-species biofilms of S. enterica and L. monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China; Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Special Food, Qingdao, China; Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Maokun Sheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China; Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Special Food, Qingdao, China; Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaodi Kang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China; Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Special Food, Qingdao, China; Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiaman Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China; Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Special Food, Qingdao, China; Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province (National Oceanographic Center of Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Su Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bingchang Xin
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yulong Tan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China; Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Special Food, Qingdao, China; Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao, China.
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9
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Hyun JE, Hwang CY. Antimicrobial Peptide Reduces Cytotoxicity and Inflammation in Canine Epidermal Keratinocyte Progenitor Cells Induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection. Vet Sci 2024; 11:235. [PMID: 38921982 PMCID: PMC11209461 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11060235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The direct effects and antimicrobial activity of synthetic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) obtained from dogs, including cBD, cBD103, and cCath, against P. aeruginosa wild-type strain PAO1 and canine keratinocytes were analyzed. Antibacterial effects on planktonic bacteria were assessed by determining the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of AMPs and by a time-kill assay. Antibiofilm effects were assessed using the microtiter plate assay. We also evaluated the effects of AMPs on cell cytotoxicity and host immune response induced by stimulating canine epidermal keratinocyte progenitor (CPEK) cells with PAO1 and its LPS. cBD, cBD103, and cCath all exhibited dose-dependent antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects. In particular, 25 μg/mL cBD103 showed rapid bactericidal activity within 60 min and inhibited biofilm formation. In addition, pretreatment with cBD103 (25 µg/mL) and cCath (50 µg/mL) 1 h before stimulation significantly reduced the cytotoxicity of the CPEK cells by PAO1 and LPS-induced IL-6 and TNF-a expressions. cBD had little effect on the response to PAO1 and LPS in the cells. These results indicate the therapeutic potential of AMPs in P. aeruginosa skin infections. However, further studies on the mechanism of action of AMPs in keratinocytes and clinical trials are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Eun Hyun
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Yong Hwang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Dermatology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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10
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Gourari-Bouzouina K, Boucherit-Otmani Z, Halla N, Seghir A, Baba Ahmed-Kazi Tani ZZ, Boucherit K. Exploring the dynamics of mixed-species biofilms involving Candida spp. and bacteria in cystic fibrosis. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:255. [PMID: 38734793 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03967-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disease that results from mutations in the gene responsible for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The airways become clogged with thick, viscous mucus that traps microbes in respiratory tracts, facilitating colonization, inflammation and infection. CF is recognized as a biofilm-associated disease, it is commonly polymicrobial and can develop in biofilms. This review discusses Candida spp. and both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial biofilms that affect the airways and cause pulmonary infections in the CF context, with a particular focus on mixed-species biofilms. In addition, the review explores the intricate interactions between fungal and bacterial species within these biofilms and elucidates the underlying molecular mechanisms that govern their dynamics. Moreover, the review addresses the multifaceted issue of antimicrobial resistance in the context of CF-associated biofilms. By synthesizing current knowledge and research findings, this review aims to provide insights into the pathogenesis of CF-related infections and identify potential therapeutic approaches to manage and combat these complex biofilm-mediated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Gourari-Bouzouina
- Antibiotics Antifungal Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Synthesis and Biological Activity (LapSab), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tlemcen, BP 119, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria.
| | - Zahia Boucherit-Otmani
- Antibiotics Antifungal Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Synthesis and Biological Activity (LapSab), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tlemcen, BP 119, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Noureddine Halla
- Laboratory of Biotoxicology, Pharmacognosy and Biological Recovery of Plants, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Moulay-Tahar, 20000, Saida, Algeria
| | - Abdelfettah Seghir
- Antibiotics Antifungal Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Synthesis and Biological Activity (LapSab), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tlemcen, BP 119, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Zahira Zakia Baba Ahmed-Kazi Tani
- Antibiotics Antifungal Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Synthesis and Biological Activity (LapSab), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tlemcen, BP 119, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Kebir Boucherit
- Antibiotics Antifungal Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Synthesis and Biological Activity (LapSab), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tlemcen, BP 119, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria
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11
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Dominic C, Pye HV, Mishra EK, Adriaenssens EM. Bacteriophages for bronchiectasis: treatment of the future? Curr Opin Pulm Med 2024; 30:235-242. [PMID: 38345396 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000001050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by dilated airways, persistent sputum production and recurrent infective exacerbations. The microbiology of bronchiectasis includes various potentially pathogenic microorganisms including Pseudomonas aeruginosa which is commonly cultured from patients' sputum. P. aeruginosa is difficult to eradicate and frequently exhibits antimicrobial resistance. Bacteriophage therapy offers a novel and alternative method to treating bronchiectasis and can be used in conjunction with antibiotics to improve patient outcome. RECENT FINDINGS Thirteen case reports/series to date have successfully used phages to treat infections in bronchiectasis patients, however these studies were constrained to few patients ( n = 32) and utilized personalized phage preparations and adjunct antibiotics. In these studies, phage therapy was delivered by inhalation, intravenously or orally and was well tolerated in most patients without any unfavourable effects. Favourable clinical or microbiological outcomes were seen following phage therapy in many patients. Longitudinal patient follow-up reported regrowth of bacteria and phage neutralization in some studies. There are five randomized clinical controlled trials ongoing aiming to use phage therapy to treat P. aeruginosa associated respiratory conditions, with limited results available to date. SUMMARY More research, particularly robust clinical trials, into how phages can clear respiratory infections, interact with resident microbiota, and how bacteria might develop resistance will be important to establish to ensure the success of this promising therapeutic alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Dominic
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals Foundation Trust
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Hannah V Pye
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park
| | - Eleanor K Mishra
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals Foundation Trust
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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12
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de Oliveira AR, de Toledo Rós B, Jardim R, Kotowski N, de Barros A, Pereira RHG, Almeida NF, Dávila AMR. A comparative genomics study of the microbiome and freshwater resistome in Southern Pantanal. Front Genet 2024; 15:1352801. [PMID: 38699231 PMCID: PMC11063290 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1352801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the resistome and bacterial diversity of two small lakes in the Southern Pantanal, one in Aquidauana sub-region, close to a farm, and one in Abobral sub-region, an environmentally preserved area. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing data from water column samples collected near and far from the floating macrophyte Eichhornia crassipes were used. The Abobral small lake exhibited the highest diversity and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), antibiotic resistance classes (ARGCs), phylum, and genus. RPOB2 and its resistance class, multidrug resistance, were the most abundant ARG and ARGC, respectively. Pseudomonadota was the dominant phylum across all sites, and Streptomyces was the most abundant genus considering all sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- André R. de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Computacional e Sistemas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Jardim
- Laboratório de Biologia Computacional e Sistemas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nelson Kotowski
- Laboratório de Biologia Computacional e Sistemas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Alberto M. R. Dávila
- Laboratório de Biologia Computacional e Sistemas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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13
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Gnaien M, Maufrais C, Rebai Y, Kallel A, Ma L, Hamouda S, Khalsi F, Meftah K, Smaoui H, Khemiri M, Hadj Fredj S, Bachellier-Bassi S, Najjar I, Messaoud T, Boussetta K, Kallel K, Mardassi H, d’Enfert C, Bougnoux ME, Znaidi S. A gain-of-function mutation in zinc cluster transcription factor Rob1 drives Candida albicans adaptive growth in the cystic fibrosis lung environment. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012154. [PMID: 38603707 PMCID: PMC11037546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans chronically colonizes the respiratory tract of patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF). It competes with CF-associated pathogens (e.g. Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and contributes to disease severity. We hypothesize that C. albicans undergoes specific adaptation mechanisms that explain its persistence in the CF lung environment. To identify the underlying genetic and phenotypic determinants, we serially recovered 146 C. albicans clinical isolates over a period of 30 months from the sputum of 25 antifungal-naive CF patients. Multilocus sequence typing analyses revealed that most patients were individually colonized with genetically close strains, facilitating comparative analyses between serial isolates. We strikingly observed differential ability to filament and form monospecies and dual-species biofilms with P. aeruginosa among 18 serial isolates sharing the same diploid sequence type, recovered within one year from a pediatric patient. Whole genome sequencing revealed that their genomes were highly heterozygous and similar to each other, displaying a highly clonal subpopulation structure. Data mining identified 34 non-synonymous heterozygous SNPs in 19 open reading frames differentiating the hyperfilamentous and strong biofilm-former strains from the remaining isolates. Among these, we detected a glycine-to-glutamate substitution at position 299 (G299E) in the deduced amino acid sequence of the zinc cluster transcription factor ROB1 (ROB1G299E), encoding a major regulator of filamentous growth and biofilm formation. Introduction of the G299E heterozygous mutation in a co-isolated weak biofilm-former CF strain was sufficient to confer hyperfilamentous growth, increased expression of hyphal-specific genes, increased monospecies biofilm formation and increased survival in dual-species biofilms formed with P. aeruginosa, indicating that ROB1G299E is a gain-of-function mutation. Disruption of ROB1 in a hyperfilamentous isolate carrying the ROB1G299E allele abolished hyperfilamentation and biofilm formation. Our study links a single heterozygous mutation to the ability of C. albicans to better survive during the interaction with other CF-associated microbes and illuminates how adaptive traits emerge in microbial pathogens to persistently colonize and/or infect the CF-patient airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayssa Gnaien
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Moléculaire, Vaccinologie et Développement Biotechnologique (LR16IPT01), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Corinne Maufrais
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INRAE USC2019A, Département Mycologie, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Yasmine Rebai
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Moléculaire, Vaccinologie et Développement Biotechnologique (LR16IPT01), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Aicha Kallel
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Moléculaire, Vaccinologie et Développement Biotechnologique (LR16IPT01), Tunis, Tunisia
- Hôpital La Rabta, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et de Mycologie, UR17SP03, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Laurence Ma
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biomics core facility, Centre de Ressources et Recherche Technologique (C2RT), Paris, France
| | - Samia Hamouda
- Hôpital d’Enfants Béchir Hamza de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Khalsi
- Hôpital d’Enfants Béchir Hamza de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Hanen Smaoui
- Hôpital d’Enfants Béchir Hamza de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Monia Khemiri
- Hôpital d’Enfants Béchir Hamza de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Sophie Bachellier-Bassi
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INRAE USC2019A, Département Mycologie, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, France
| | - Imène Najjar
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biomics core facility, Centre de Ressources et Recherche Technologique (C2RT), Paris, France
| | | | | | - Kalthoum Kallel
- Hôpital La Rabta, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et de Mycologie, UR17SP03, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Helmi Mardassi
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Moléculaire, Vaccinologie et Développement Biotechnologique (LR16IPT01), Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Christophe d’Enfert
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INRAE USC2019A, Département Mycologie, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INRAE USC2019A, Département Mycologie, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, France
| | - Sadri Znaidi
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Moléculaire, Vaccinologie et Développement Biotechnologique (LR16IPT01), Tunis, Tunisia
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INRAE USC2019A, Département Mycologie, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, France
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14
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Ghosh D, Mangar P, Choudhury A, Kumar A, Saha A, Basu P, Saha D. Characterization of a hemolytic and antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain S3 pathogenic to fish isolated from Mahananda River in India. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300134. [PMID: 38547304 PMCID: PMC10977779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Virulent strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from Mahananda River exhibited the highest hemolytic activity and virulence factors and was pathogenic to fish as clinical signs of hemorrhagic spots, loss of scales, and fin erosions were found. S3 was cytotoxic to the human liver cell line (WRL-68) in the trypan blue dye exclusion assay. Genotype characterization using whole genome analysis showed that S3 was similar to P. aeruginosa PAO1. The draft genome sequence had an estimated length of 62,69,783 bp, a GC content of 66.3%, and contained 5916 coding sequences. Eight genes across the genome were predicted to be related to hemolysin action. Antibiotic resistance genes such as class C and class D beta-lactamases, fosA, APH, and catB were detected, along with the strong presence of multiple efflux system genes. This study shows that river water is contaminated by pathogenic P. aeruginosa harboring an array of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes which warrants periodic monitoring to prevent disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanwita Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
| | - Preeti Mangar
- Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhinandan Choudhury
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
| | - Aniruddha Saha
- Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
| | - Protip Basu
- Department of Botany, Siliguri College, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipanwita Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
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15
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Sousa AM, Ferreira D, Rodrigues LR, Pereira MO. Aptamer-based therapy for fighting biofilm-associated infections. J Control Release 2024; 367:522-539. [PMID: 38295992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Biofilms are key players in the pathogenesis of most of chronic infections associated with host tissue or fluids and indwelling medical devices. These chronic infections are hard to be treated due to the increased biofilms tolerance towards antibiotics in comparison to planktonic (or free living) cells. Despite the advanced understanding of their formation and physiology, biofilms continue to be a challenge and there is no standardized therapeutic approach in clinical practice to eradicate them. Aptamers offer distinctive properties, including excellent affinity, selectivity, stability, making them valuable tools for therapeutic purposes. This review explores the flexibility and designability of aptamers as antibiofilm drugs but, importantly, as targeting tools for diverse drug and delivery systems. It highlights specific examples of application of aptamers in biofilms of diverse species according to different modes of action including inhibition of motility and adhesion, blocking of quorum sensing molecules, and dispersal of biofilm-cells to planktonic state. Moreover, it discusses the limitations and challenges that impaired an increased success of the use of aptamers on biofilm management, as well as the opportunities related to aptamers modifications that can significantly expand their applicability on the biofilm field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Sousa
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Débora Ferreira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Lígia Raquel Rodrigues
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Maria Olívia Pereira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
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16
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Seixas AMM, Gomes SC, Silva C, Moreira LM, Leitão JH, Sousa SA. A Polyclonal Antibody against a Burkholderia cenocepacia OmpA-like Protein Strongly Impairs Pseudomonas aeruginosa and B. multivorans Virulence. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:207. [PMID: 38400190 PMCID: PMC10892634 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in therapies, bacterial chronic respiratory infections persist as life-threatening to patients suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF). Pseudomonas aeruginosa and bacteria of the Burkholderia cepacia complex are among the most difficult of these infections to treat, due to factors like their resistance to multiple antibiotics and ability to form biofilms. The lack of effective antimicrobial strategies prompted our search for alternative immunotherapies that can effectively control and reduce those infections among CF patients. Previous work from our group showed that the anti-BCAL2645 goat polyclonal antibody strongly inhibited Burkholderia cenocepacia to adhere and invade cultured epithelial cells. In this work, we showed that the polyclonal antibody anti-BCAL2645 also strongly inhibited the ability of P. aeruginosa to form biofilms, and to adhere and invade the human bronchial epithelial cell line CFBE41o-. The polyclonal antibody also inhibited, to a lesser extent, the ability of B. multivorans to adhere and invade the human bronchial epithelial cell line CFBE41o. We also show that the ability of B. cenocepacia, P. aeruginosa and B. multivorans to kill larvae of the Galleria mellonella model of infection was impaired when bacteria were incubated with the anti-BCAL2645 antibody prior to the infection. Our findings show that an antibody against BCAL2645 possesses a significant potential for the development of new immunotherapies against these three important bacterial species capable of causing devastating and often lethal infections among CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- António M. M. Seixas
- Department of Bioengineering, IBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.M.S.); (S.C.G.); (C.S.); (L.M.M.)
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara C. Gomes
- Department of Bioengineering, IBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.M.S.); (S.C.G.); (C.S.); (L.M.M.)
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carolina Silva
- Department of Bioengineering, IBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.M.S.); (S.C.G.); (C.S.); (L.M.M.)
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Leonilde M. Moreira
- Department of Bioengineering, IBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.M.S.); (S.C.G.); (C.S.); (L.M.M.)
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge H. Leitão
- Department of Bioengineering, IBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.M.S.); (S.C.G.); (C.S.); (L.M.M.)
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sílvia A. Sousa
- Department of Bioengineering, IBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.M.S.); (S.C.G.); (C.S.); (L.M.M.)
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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17
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Zafer MM, Mohamed GA, Ibrahim SRM, Ghosh S, Bornman C, Elfaky MA. Biofilm-mediated infections by multidrug-resistant microbes: a comprehensive exploration and forward perspectives. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:101. [PMID: 38353831 PMCID: PMC10867068 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03826-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
A biofilm is a collection of microorganisms organized in a matrix of extracellular polymeric material. Biofilms consist of microbial cells that attach to both surfaces and each other, whether they are living or non-living. These microbial biofilms can lead to hospital-acquired infections and are generally detrimental. They possess the ability to resist the human immune system and antibiotics. The National Institute of Health (NIH) states that biofilm formation is associated with 65% of all microbial illnesses and 80% of chronic illnesses. Additionally, non-device-related microbial biofilm infections include conditions like cystic fibrosis, otitis media, infective endocarditis, and chronic inflammatory disorders. This review aims to provide an overview of research on chronic infections caused by microbial biofilms, methods used for biofilm detection, recent approaches to combat biofilms, and future perspectives, including the development of innovative antimicrobial strategies such as antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophages, and agents that disrupt biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M Zafer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Gamal A Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabrin R M Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Preparatory Year Program, Batterjee Medical College, 21442, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, 616, Oman
| | - Charné Bornman
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud A Elfaky
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Center for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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18
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Vanderwoude J, Azimi S, Read TD, Diggle SP. The role of hypermutation and collateral sensitivity in antimicrobial resistance diversity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa populations in cystic fibrosis lung infection. mBio 2024; 15:e0310923. [PMID: 38171021 PMCID: PMC10865868 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03109-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen which causes chronic, drug-resistant lung infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. In this study, we explore the role of genomic diversification and evolutionary trade-offs in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) diversity within P. aeruginosa populations sourced from CF lung infections. We analyzed 300 clinical isolates from four CF patients (75 per patient) and found that genomic diversity is not a consistent indicator of phenotypic AMR diversity. Remarkably, some genetically less diverse populations showed AMR diversity comparable to those with significantly more genetic variation. We also observed that hypermutator strains frequently exhibited increased sensitivity to antimicrobials, contradicting expectations from their treatment histories. Investigating potential evolutionary trade-offs, we found no substantial evidence of collateral sensitivity among aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, or fluoroquinolone antibiotics, nor did we observe trade-offs between AMR and growth in conditions mimicking CF sputum. Our findings suggest that (i) genomic diversity is not a prerequisite for phenotypic AMR diversity, (ii) hypermutator populations may develop increased antimicrobial sensitivity under selection pressure, (iii) collateral sensitivity is not a prominent feature in CF strains, and (iv) resistance to a single antibiotic does not necessarily lead to significant fitness costs. These insights challenge prevailing assumptions about AMR evolution in chronic infections, emphasizing the complexity of bacterial adaptation during infection.IMPORTANCEUpon infection in the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung, Pseudomonas aeruginosa rapidly acquires genetic mutations, especially in genes involved in antimicrobial resistance (AMR), often resulting in diverse, treatment-resistant populations. However, the role of bacterial population diversity within the context of chronic infection is still poorly understood. In this study, we found that hypermutator strains of P. aeruginosa in the CF lung undergoing treatment with tobramycin evolved increased sensitivity to tobramycin relative to non-hypermutators within the same population. This finding suggests that antimicrobial treatment may only exert weak selection pressure on P. aeruginosa populations in the CF lung. We further found no evidence for collateral sensitivity in these clinical populations, suggesting that collateral sensitivity may not be a robust, naturally occurring phenomenon for this microbe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelly Vanderwoude
- Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sheyda Azimi
- Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Timothy D. Read
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Stephen P. Diggle
- Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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19
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Li B, Mao J, Wu J, Mao K, Jia Y, Chen F, Liu J. Nano-Bio Interactions: Biofilm-Targeted Antibacterial Nanomaterials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306135. [PMID: 37803439 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm is a spatially organized community formed by the accumulation of both microorganisms and their secretions, leading to persistent and chronic infections because of high resistance toward conventional antibiotics. In view of the tunable physicochemical properties and the related unique biological behavior (e.g., size-, shape-, and surface charge-dependent penetration, protein corona endowed targeting, catalytic- and electronic-related oxidative stress, optical- and magnetic-associated hyperthermia, etc.), nanomaterials-based therapeutics are widely used for the treatment of biofilm-associated infections. In this review, the biological characteristics of biofilm are introduced. And the nanomaterials-based antibacterial strategies are further discussed via biofilm targeting, including preventing biofilm formation, enhancing biofilm penetration, disrupting the mature biofilm, and acting as drug delivery systems. In which, the interactions between biofilm and nanomaterials include mechanical disruption, electron transfer, enzymatic degradation, oxidative stress, and hyperthermia. Additionally, the current advances of nanomaterials for antibacterial nanomaterials by biofilm targeting are summarized. This review aims to present a complete vision of antibacterial nanomaterials-biofilm (nano-bio) interactions, paving the way for the future development and clinical translation of effective antibacterial nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jiahui Mao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Kerou Mao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Yangrui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Fulin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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20
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Kumaran D, Ramirez-Arcos S. Sebum Components Dampen the Efficacy of Skin Disinfectants against Cutibacterium acnes Biofilms. Microorganisms 2024; 12:271. [PMID: 38399675 PMCID: PMC10891977 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
At Canadian Blood Services, despite the use of 2% chlorhexidine and 70% isopropyl alcohol (standard disinfectant, SD) prior to venipuncture, Cutibacterium acnes evades eradication and is a major contaminant of platelet concentrates (PCs). Since C. acnes forms bacterial aggregates known as biofilms in the sebaceous niches of the skin, this study aimed to assess whether sebum-like components impact disinfectant efficacy against C. acnes leading to its dominance as a PC contaminant. C. acnes mono-species and dual-species biofilms (C. acness and a transfusion-relevant Staphylococcus aureus isolate) were formed in the presence and absence of sebum-like components and exposed to SD, a hypochlorous acid-based disinfectant (Clinisept+, CP), or a combination of both disinfectants to assess disinfectant efficacy. Our data indicate that sebum-like components significantly reduce the disinfectant efficacy of all disinfectant strategies tested against C. acnes in both biofilm models. Furthermore, though none of the disinfectants led to bacterial eradication, the susceptibility of C. acnes to disinfectants was heightened in an isolate-dependent manner when grown in the presence of S. aureus. The reduction of skin disinfection efficacy in the presence of sebum may contribute to the overrepresentation of C. acnes as a PC contaminant and highlights the need for improved disinfection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilini Kumaran
- Innovation & Portfolio Management, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON K1G 4J5, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Sandra Ramirez-Arcos
- Innovation & Portfolio Management, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON K1G 4J5, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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21
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Papadopoulos C, Larue AE, Toulouze C, Mokhtari O, Lefort J, Libert E, Assémat P, Swider P, Malaquin L, Davit Y. A versatile micromodel technology to explore biofilm development in porous media flows. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:254-271. [PMID: 38059908 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00293d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms that grow in porous media are critical to ecosystem processes and applications ranging from soil bioremediation to bioreactors for treating wastewater or producing value-added products. However, understanding and engineering the complex phenomena that drive the development of biofilms in such systems remains a challenge. Here we present a novel micromodel technology to explore bacterial biofilm development in porous media flows. The technology consists of a set of modules that can be combined as required for any given experiment and conveniently tuned for specific requirements. The core module is a 3D-printed micromodel where biofilm is grown into a perfusable porous substrate. High-precision additive manufacturing, in particular stereolithography, is used to fabricate porous scaffolds with precisely controlled architectures integrating flow channels with diameters down to several hundreds of micrometers. The system is instrumented with: ultraviolet-C light-emitting diodes; on-line measurements of oxygen consumption and pressure drop across the porous medium; camera and spectrophotometric cells for the detection of biofilm detachment events at the outlet. We demonstrate how this technology can be used to study the development of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm for several days within a network of flow channels. We find complex dynamics whereby oxygen consumption reaches a steady-state but not the pressure drop, which instead features a permanent regime with large fluctuations. We further use X-ray computed microtomography to image the spatial distribution of biofilms and computational fluid dynamics to link biofilm development with local flow properties. By combining the advantages of additive manufacturing for the creation of reproducible 3D porous microarchitectures with the flow control and instrumentation accuracy of microfluidics, our system provides a platform to study the dynamics of biofilm development in 3D porous media and to rapidly test new concepts in process engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Papadopoulos
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides (IMFT), CNRS & Université de Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France.
- LAAS-CNRS, CNRS & Université de Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Edith Larue
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides (IMFT), CNRS & Université de Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France.
- Transverse Lab, 271 rue des Fontaines, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Clara Toulouze
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides (IMFT), CNRS & Université de Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France.
| | - Omar Mokhtari
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bern, Gesellschaftsstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julien Lefort
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides (IMFT), CNRS & Université de Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France.
| | - Emmanuel Libert
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides (IMFT), CNRS & Université de Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France.
| | - Pauline Assémat
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides (IMFT), CNRS & Université de Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France.
| | - Pascal Swider
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides (IMFT), CNRS & Université de Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France.
| | - Laurent Malaquin
- LAAS-CNRS, CNRS & Université de Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Yohan Davit
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides (IMFT), CNRS & Université de Toulouse, 31400 Toulouse, France.
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22
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Gutiérrez-Santana JC, Coria-Jiménez VR. Diagnosis and Therapeutic Strategies Based on Nucleic Acid Aptamers Selected against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: The Challenge of Cystic Fibrosis. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300544. [PMID: 38016927 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a rapidly spreading global health problem, and approximately five million deaths associated with AMR pathogens were identified prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Pseudomonas aeruginosa has developed increasing AMR, and in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) colonized by this bacterium, rare phenotypes have emerged that complicate the diagnosis and treatment of the hosts, in addition to multiple associated "epidemic strains" with high morbidities and mortalities. The conjugation of aptamers with fluorochromes or nanostructures has allowed the design of new identification strategies for Pseudomonas aeruginosa with detection limits of up to 1 cell ⋅ mL-1 , and the synergy of aptamers with antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides and nanostructures has exhibited promising therapeutic qualities. Some selected aptamers against this bacterium have shown intrinsic antimicrobial activity. However, these aptamers have been poorly evaluated in clinical isolates and have shown decreased interactions for CF isolates, demonstrating, in these cases, uncommon phenotypes resulting from the selective qualities of this disease as well as the great adaptive capacity of the pathogen. Therefore, finding an aptamer or set of aptamers that have the ability to recognize strange phenotypes of this bacillus is crucial in the battle against AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Santana
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Insurgentes sur 3700-C, Col. Insurgentes Cuicuilco Coyoacán, 04530, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Victor Rafael Coria-Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Insurgentes sur 3700-C, Col. Insurgentes Cuicuilco Coyoacán, 04530, Ciudad de México, México
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23
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Pei TT, Luo H, Wang Y, Li H, Wang XY, Zhang YQ, An Y, Wu LL, Ma J, Liang X, Yan A, Yang L, Chen C, Dong T. Filamentous prophage Pf4 promotes genetic exchange in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. THE ISME JOURNAL 2024; 18:wrad025. [PMID: 38365255 PMCID: PMC10837833 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Filamentous prophages are widespread among bacteria and play crucial functions in virulence, antibiotic resistance, and biofilm structures. The filamentous Pf4 particles, extruded by an important pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, can protect producing cells from adverse conditions. Contrary to the conventional belief that the Pf4-encoding cells resist reinfection, we herein report that the Pf4 prophage is reciprocally and commonly exchanged within P. aeruginosa colonies, which can repair defective Pf4 within the community. By labeling the Pf4 locus with antibiotic resistance and fluorescence markers, we demonstrate that the Pf4 locus is frequently exchanged within colony biofilms, in artificial sputum media, and in infected mouse lungs. We further show that Pf4 trafficking is a rapid process and capable of rescuing Pf4-defective mutants. The Pf4 phage is highly adaptable and can package additional DNA doubling its genome size. We also report that two clinical P. aeruginosa isolates are susceptible to the Pf4-mediated exchange, and the Pf5 prophage can be exchanged between cells as well. These findings suggest that the genetic exchanging interactions by filamentous prophages may facilitate defect rescue and the sharing of prophage-dependent benefits and costs within the P. aeruginosa community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Tong Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Han Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Unit of Pathogenic Fungal Infection and Host Immunity, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xing-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yi-Qiu Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ying An
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Li-Li Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junhua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoye Liang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Aixin Yan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 999077, China
| | - Liang Yang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Changbin Chen
- Unit of Pathogenic Fungal Infection and Host Immunity, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Nanjing Advanced Academy of Life and Health, Nanjing 211135, China
| | - Tao Dong
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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24
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Tang M, Yang R, Zhuang Z, Han S, Sun Y, Li P, Fan K, Cai Z, Yang Q, Yu Z, Yang L, Li S. Divergent molecular strategies drive evolutionary adaptation to competitive fitness in biofilm formation. THE ISME JOURNAL 2024; 18:wrae135. [PMID: 39052320 PMCID: PMC11307329 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Biofilm is a group of heterogeneously structured and densely packed bacteria with limited access to nutrients and oxygen. These intrinsic features can allow a mono-species biofilm to diversify into polymorphic subpopulations, determining the overall community's adaptive capability to changing ecological niches. However, the specific biological functions underlying biofilm diversification and fitness adaptation are poorly demonstrated. Here, we launched and monitored the experimental evolution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms, finding that two divergent molecular trajectories were adopted for adaptation to higher competitive fitness in biofilm formation: one involved hijacking bacteriophage superinfection to aggressively inhibit kin competitors, whereas the other induced a subtle change in cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate signaling to gain a positional advantage via enhanced early biofilm adhesion. Bioinformatics analyses implicated that similar evolutionary strategies were prevalent among clinical P. aeruginosa strains, indicative of parallelism between natural and experimental evolution. Divergence in the molecular bases illustrated the adaptive values of genomic plasticity for gaining competitive fitness in biofilm formation. Finally, we demonstrated that these fitness-adaptive mutations reduced bacterial virulence. Our findings revealed how the mutations intrinsically generated from the biofilm environment influence the evolution of P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Ruixue Yang
- Community Health Service Center of Southern University of Science and Technology, Nanshan Medical Group Headquarters, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zilin Zhuang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shuhong Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yunke Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Peiyu Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Kewei Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Zhao Cai
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co, Ltd, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Zhijian Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shenzhen Nanshan People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, China
- Allergy Prevention and Control Center, Nanshan People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, China
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25
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Wells M, Mikesh M, Gordon V. Structure-preserving fixation allows scanning electron microscopy to reveal biofilm microstructure and interactions with immune cells. J Microsc 2024; 293:59-68. [PMID: 38098170 PMCID: PMC10764082 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogen that forms robust biofilms which are commonly associated with chronic infections and cannot be successfully cleared by the immune system. Neutrophils, the most common white blood cells, target infections with pathogen-killing mechanisms that are rendered largely ineffective by the protective physicochemical structure of a biofilm. Visualisation of the complex interactions between immune cells and biofilms will advance understanding of how biofilms evade the immune system and could aid in developing treatment methods that promote immune clearance with minimal harm to the host. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) distinguishes itself as a powerful, high-resolution tool for obtaining strikingly clear and detailed topographical images. However, taking full advantage of SEM's potential for high-resolution imaging requires that the fixation process simultaneously preserve both intricate biofilm architecture and the morphologies and structural signatures characterising neutrophils responses at an infection site. Standard aldehyde-based fixation techniques result in significant loss of biofilm matrix material and morphologies of responding immune cells, thereby obscuring the details of immune interactions with the biofilm matrix. Here we show an improved fixation technique using the cationic dye alcian blue to preserve and visualise neutrophil interactions with the three-dimensional architecture of P. aeruginosa biofilms. We also demonstrate that this technique better preserves structures of biofilms grown from two other bacterial species, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Burkholderia thailandensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Wells
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Michelle Mikesh
- Center for Biomedical Research Support, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Vernita Gordon
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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26
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Xiao WN, Nunn GM, Fufeng AB, Belu N, Brookman RK, Halim A, Krysmanski EC, Cameron RK. Exploring Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato biofilm-like aggregate formation in susceptible and PTI-responding Arabidopsis thaliana. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13403. [PMID: 37988240 PMCID: PMC10799205 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm-like aggregates have been observed in plants, but their role in pathogenicity is underinvestigated. In the present study, we observed that extracellular DNA and polysaccharides colocalized with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) aggregates in Arabidopsis leaves, suggesting that Pst aggregates are biofilms. GFP-expressing Pst, Pst ΔalgU ΔmucAB (Pst algU mutant), and Pst ΔalgD ΔalgU ΔmucAB (Pst algU algD mutant) were examined to explore the roles of (1) alginate, a potential biofilm component; (2) Pst AlgU, thought to regulate alginate biosynthesis and some type III secretion system effector genes; and (3) intercellular salicylic acid (SA) accumulation during pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Pst formed extensive aggregates in susceptible plants, whereas aggregate numbers and size were reduced in Pst algU and Pst algD algU mutants, and both multiplied poorly in planta, suggesting that aggregate formation contributes to Pst success in planta. However, in SA-deficient sid2-2 plants, Pst algD algU mutant multiplication and aggregate formation were partially restored, suggesting plant-produced SA contributes to suppression of Pst aggregate formation. Pst algD algU mutants formed fewer and smaller aggregates than Pst algU mutants, suggesting both AlgU and AlgD contribute to Pst aggregate formation. Col-0 plants accumulated low levels of SA in response to Pst and both mutants (Pst algU and Pst algD algU), suggesting the regulatory functions of AlgU are not involved in suppressing SA-mediated plant defence. Plant PTI was associated with highly reduced Pst aggregate formation and accumulation of intercellular SA in flg22-induced PTI-responding wild-type Col-0, but not in PTI-incompetent fls2, suggesting intercellular SA accumulation by Arabidopsis contributes to suppression of Pst biofilm-like aggregate formation during PTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wantao N. Xiao
- Department of BiologyMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Garrett M. Nunn
- Department of BiologyMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | | | - Natalie Belu
- Department of BiologyMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | | | - Abdul Halim
- Department of BiologyMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
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27
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Cleaver L, Garnett JA. How to study biofilms: technological advancements in clinical biofilm research. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1335389. [PMID: 38156318 PMCID: PMC10753778 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1335389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is an important survival strategy commonly used by bacteria and fungi, which are embedded in a protective extracellular matrix of organic polymers. They are ubiquitous in nature, including humans and other animals, and they can be surface- and non-surface-associated, making them capable of growing in and on many different parts of the body. Biofilms are also complex, forming polymicrobial communities that are difficult to eradicate due to their unique growth dynamics, and clinical infections associated with biofilms are a huge burden in the healthcare setting, as they are often difficult to diagnose and to treat. Our understanding of biofilm formation and development is a fast-paced and important research focus. This review aims to describe the advancements in clinical biofilm research, including both in vitro and in vivo biofilm models, imaging techniques and techniques to analyse the biological functions of the biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Cleaver
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dental, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James A. Garnett
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dental, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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28
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Wells MJ, Currie H, Gordon VD. Physiological Concentrations of Calcium Interact with Alginate and Extracellular DNA in the Matrices of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms to Impede Phagocytosis by Neutrophils. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:17050-17058. [PMID: 37972353 PMCID: PMC10764079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are communities of interacting microbes embedded in a matrix of polymer, protein, and other materials. Biofilms develop distinct mechanical characteristics that depend on their predominant matrix components. These matrix components may be produced by microbes themselves or, for infections in vivo, incorporated from the host environment. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a human pathogen that forms robust biofilms that extensively tolerate antibiotics and effectively evade clearance by the immune system. Two of the important bacterial-produced polymers in the matrices of P. aeruginosa biofilms are alginate and extracellular DNA (eDNA), both of which are anionic and therefore have the potential to interact electrostatically with cations. Many physiological sites of infection contain significant concentrations of the calcium ion (Ca2+). In this study, we investigate the structural and mechanical impacts of Ca2+ supplementation in alginate-dominated biofilms grown in vitro, and we evaluate the impact of targeted enzyme treatments on clearance by immune cells. We use multiple-particle tracking microrheology to evaluate the changes in biofilm viscoelasticity caused by treatment with alginate lyase or DNase I. For biofilms grown without Ca2+, we correlate a decrease in relative elasticity with increased phagocytic success. However, we find that growth with Ca2+ supplementation disrupts this correlation except in the case where both enzymes are applied. This suggests that the calcium cation may be impacting the microstructure of the biofilm in nontrivial ways. Indeed, confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy reveal unique Ca2+-dependent eDNA and alginate microstructures. Our results suggest that the presence of Ca2+ drives the formation of structurally and compositionally discrete microdomains within the biofilm through electrostatic interactions with the anionic matrix components eDNA and alginate. Further, we observe that these structures serve a protective function as the dissolution of both components is required to render biofilm bacteria vulnerable to phagocytosis by neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn J. Wells
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, C1600, Austin, Texas 78712-1192, USA
- Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1610, Austin, Texas 78712-11993, USA
| | - Hailey Currie
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, C1600, Austin, Texas 78712-1192, USA
- Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1610, Austin, Texas 78712-11993, USA
| | - Vernita D. Gordon
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, C1600, Austin, Texas 78712-1192, USA
- Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1610, Austin, Texas 78712-11993, USA
- Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Norman Hackerman Building, 100 East 24th St., NHB 4500, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Neural Molecular Science Building, 2506 Speedway, Stop A5000, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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29
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Kretsch RC, Andersen ES, Bujnicki JM, Chiu W, Das R, Luo B, Masquida B, McRae EK, Schroeder GM, Su Z, Wedekind JE, Xu L, Zhang K, Zheludev IN, Moult J, Kryshtafovych A. RNA target highlights in CASP15: Evaluation of predicted models by structure providers. Proteins 2023; 91:1600-1615. [PMID: 37466021 PMCID: PMC10792523 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The first RNA category of the Critical Assessment of Techniques for Structure Prediction competition was only made possible because of the scientists who provided experimental structures to challenge the predictors. In this article, these scientists offer a unique and valuable analysis of both the successes and areas for improvement in the predicted models. All 10 RNA-only targets yielded predictions topologically similar to experimentally determined structures. For one target, experimentalists were able to phase their x-ray diffraction data by molecular replacement, showing a potential application of structure predictions for RNA structural biologists. Recommended areas for improvement include: enhancing the accuracy in local interaction predictions and increased consideration of the experimental conditions such as multimerization, structure determination method, and time along folding pathways. The prediction of RNA-protein complexes remains the most significant challenge. Finally, given the intrinsic flexibility of many RNAs, we propose the consideration of ensemble models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael C. Kretsch
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ebbe S. Andersen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Janusz M. Bujnicki
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wah Chiu
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Division of CryoEM and Bioimaging, SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Rhiju Das
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bingnan Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Frontiers Medical Center of Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Department of Geriatrics and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, Sichuan, China
| | - Benoît Masquida
- UMR 7156, CNRS – Universite de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ewan K.S. McRae
- Center for RNA Therapeutics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Griffin M. Schroeder
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Zhaoming Su
- The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Frontiers Medical Center of Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Department of Geriatrics and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, Sichuan, China
| | - Joseph E. Wedekind
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Lily Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kaiming Zhang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Ivan N. Zheludev
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John Moult
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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Aldosari BN, Abd El-Aal M, Abo Zeid EF, Faris TM, Aboelela A, Abdellatif AAH, Tawfeek HM. Synthesis and characterization of magnetic Ag-Fe 3O 4@polymer hybrid nanocomposite systems with promising antibacterial application. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2023; 49:723-733. [PMID: 37906615 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2023.2277812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bacterial infections caused by different strains of bacteria still one of the most important disorders affecting humans worldwide. Polymers nanocomposite systems could be considered as an alternative to conventional antibiotics to eradicate bacterial infections. SIGNIFICANCE In an attempt to enhance the antibacterial performance of silver and iron oxide nanoparticles, decrease their aggregation and toxicity, a polymeric hybrid nanocomposite system combining both nanoparticles is produced. METHODS Magnetic Ag-Fe3O4@polymer hybrid nanocomposites prepared using different polymers, namely polyethylene glycol 4000, ethyl cellulose, and chitosan were synthesized via wet impregnation and ball-milling techniques. The produced nanocomposites were tested for their physical properties and antibacterial activities. RESULTS XRD, FT-IR, VSM, and TEM results confirmed the successful preparation of hybrid nanocomposites. Hybrid nanocomposites have average crystallite sizes in the following order Ag-Fe3O4@CS (8.9 nm) < Ag-Fe3O4@EC (9.0 nm) < Ag-Fe3O4@PEG4000 (9.4 nm) and active surface area of this trend Ag-Fe3O4@CS (130.4 m2g-1) > Ag-Fe3O4@EC (128.9 m2g-1) > Ag-Fe3O4@PEG4000 (123.4 m2g-1). In addition, they have a saturation magnetization in this order: Ag-Fe3O4@PEG4000 (44.82 emu/g) > Ag-Fe3O4@EC (40.14 emu/g) > Ag-Fe3O4@CS (22.90 emu/g). Hybrid nanocomposites have a pronounced antibacterial action against Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus intermedius compared to iron oxide nanoparticles and positive antibacterial drug. In addition, both Ag-Fe3O4@EC and Ag-Fe3O4@CS have a lower MIC values compared to Ag-Fe3O4@PEG and positive control. CONCLUSION Magnetic Ag-Fe3O4 hybrid nanocomposites could be promising antibacterial nanomaterials and could pave the way for the development of new materials with even more unique properties and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basmah N Aldosari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Abd El-Aal
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Essam F Abo Zeid
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental, Sphinx University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Faris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Aboelela
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sphinx University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A H Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hesham M Tawfeek
- Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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31
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Kolodkin-Gal I, Parsek MR, Patrauchan MA. The roles of calcium signaling and calcium deposition in microbial multicellularity. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:1225-1237. [PMID: 37429751 PMCID: PMC10772221 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Calcium signaling is an essential mediator of signal-controlling gene expression in most developmental systems. In addition, calcium has established extracellular functions as a structural component of biogenic minerals found in complex tissues. In bacteria, the formation of calcium carbonate structures is associated with complex colony morphology. Genes promoting the formation of biogenic minerals are essential for proper biofilm development and protection against antimicrobial solutes and toxins. Here we review recent findings on the role of calcium and calcium signaling as emerging regulators of biofilm formation in beneficial bacteria, as well as essential mediators of biofilm formation and virulence in human pathogens. The presented analysis concludes that the new understanding of calcium signaling may help to improve the performance of beneficial strains for sustainable agriculture, microbiome manipulation, and sustainable construction. Unraveling the roles of calcium may also promote the development of novel therapies against biofilm infections that target calcium uptake, calcium sensors, and calcium carbonate deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana Kolodkin-Gal
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Matthew R Parsek
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Marianna A Patrauchan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
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32
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Guo Y, Mao Z, Ran F, Sun J, Zhang J, Chai G, Wang J. Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Systems to Control Bacterial-Biofilm-Associated Lung Infections. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2582. [PMID: 38004561 PMCID: PMC10674810 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway mucus dysfunction and impaired immunological defenses are hallmarks of several lung diseases, including asthma, cystic fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and are mostly causative factors in bacterial-biofilm-associated respiratory tract infections. Bacteria residing within the biofilm architecture pose a complex challenge in clinical settings due to their increased tolerance to currently available antibiotics and host immune responses, resulting in chronic infections with high recalcitrance and high rates of morbidity and mortality. To address these unmet clinical needs, potential anti-biofilm therapeutic strategies are being developed to effectively control bacterial biofilm. This review focuses on recent advances in the development and application of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems for the treatment of biofilm-associated respiratory tract infections, especially addressing the respiratory barriers of concern for biofilm accessibility and the various types of nanoparticles used to combat biofilms. Understanding the obstacles facing pulmonary drug delivery to bacterial biofilms and nanoparticle-based approaches to combatting biofilm may encourage researchers to explore promising treatment modalities for bacterial-biofilm-associated chronic lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zeyuan Mao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fang Ran
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jihong Sun
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Jingfeng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Guihong Chai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
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Mendhe S, Badge A, Ugemuge S, Chandi D. Impact of Biofilms on Chronic Infections and Medical Challenges. Cureus 2023; 15:e48204. [PMID: 38050493 PMCID: PMC10693677 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms which are intricate colonies of bacteria encapsulated in a self-produced matrix are becoming more widely recognized for their importance in persistent infections. Biofilm-related infections provide distinct diagnostic and therapy issues needing novel approaches. Biofilms are common in clinical settings and contribute to the persistence of diseases related to medical devices, dental health, respiratory disorders, and chronic infection. Overcoming these problems requires a thorough understanding of the elements that influence biofilm development and their complex interactions within the microbial community. Emerging diagnostic techniques and therapy approaches that target biofilm-related disorders at different levels give hope for improved patient outcomes. This review looks at how biofilm formation affects chronic infections in a variety of ways, including increased drug resistance, immune system evasion, and delayed diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Mendhe
- Microbiology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Nagpur, IND
| | - Ankit Badge
- Microbiology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Nagpur, IND
| | - Sarita Ugemuge
- Microbiology, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Nagpur, IND
| | - Dhurba Chandi
- Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Wardha, IND
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Bayat M, Nahand JS, Farsad-Akhatr N, Memar MY. Bile effects on the Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenesis in cystic fibrosis patients with gastroesophageal reflux. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22111. [PMID: 38034726 PMCID: PMC10685303 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) occurs in most cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and is the primary source of bile aspiration in the airway tract of CF individuals. Aspirated bile is associated with the severity of lung diseases and chronic inflammation caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the most common pathogen of CF respiratory tract infections. P. aeruginosa is equipped with several mechanisms to facilitate the infection process, including but not limited to the expression of virulence factors, biofilm formation, and antimicrobial resistance, all of which are under the strong regulation of quorum sensing (QS) mechanism. By increasing the expression of lasI, rhlI, and pqsA-E, bile exposure directly impacts the QS network. An increase in psl expression and pyocyanin production can promote biofilm formation. Along with the loss of flagella and reduced swarming motility, GER-derived bile can repress the expression of genes involved in creating an acute infection, such as expression of Type Three Secretion (T3SS), hydrogen cyanide (hcnABC), amidase (amiR), and phenazine (phzA-E). Inversely, to cause persistent infection, bile exposure can increase the Type Six Secretion System (T6SS) and efflux pump expression, which can trigger resistance to antibiotics such as colistin, polymyxin B, and erythromycin. This review will discuss the influence of aspirated bile on the pathogenesis, resistance, and persistence of P. aeruginosa in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobina Bayat
- Department of Plant, Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nader Farsad-Akhatr
- Department of Plant, Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousef Memar
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Hoang TM, Huang W, Gans J, Weiner J, Nowak E, Barbier M, Wilks A, Kane MA, Oglesby AG. The heme-responsive PrrH sRNA regulates Pseudomonas aeruginosa pyochelin gene expression. mSphere 2023; 8:e0039223. [PMID: 37800921 PMCID: PMC10597452 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00392-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that requires iron for growth and virulence, yet this nutrient is sequestered by the innate immune system during infection. When iron is limiting, P. aeruginosa expresses the PrrF1 and PrrF2 small RNAs (sRNAs), which post-transcriptionally repress expression of nonessential iron-containing proteins, thus sparing this nutrient for more critical processes. The genes for the PrrF1 and PrrF2 sRNAs are arranged in tandem on the chromosome, allowing for the transcription of a longer heme-responsive sRNA, termed PrrH. While the functions of PrrF1 and PrrF2 have been extensively studied, the role of PrrH in P. aeruginosa physiology and virulence is not well understood. In this study, we performed transcriptomic and proteomic studies to identify the PrrH regulon. In shaking cultures, the pyochelin synthesis proteins were increased in two distinct prrH mutants compared to the wild type, while the mRNAs for these proteins were not affected by the prrH mutation. We identified complementarity between the PrrH sRNA and the sequence upstream of the pchE mRNA, suggesting the potential for PrrH to directly regulate the expression of genes for pyochelin synthesis. We further showed that pchE mRNA levels were increased in the prrH mutants when grown in static but not shaking conditions. Moreover, we discovered that controlling for the presence of light was critical for examining the impact of PrrH on pchE expression. As such, our study reports on the first likely target of the PrrH sRNA and highlights key environmental variables that will allow for future characterization of PrrH function. IMPORTANCE In the human host, iron is predominantly in the form of heme, which Pseudomonas aeruginosa can acquire as an iron source during infection. We previously showed that the iron-responsive PrrF small RNAs (sRNAs) are critical for mediating iron homeostasis during P. aeruginosa infection; however, the function of the heme-responsive PrrH sRNA remains unclear. In this study, we identified genes for pyochelin siderophore biosynthesis, which mediates uptake of inorganic iron, as a novel target of PrrH regulation. This study therefore highlights a novel relationship between heme availability and siderophore biosynthesis in P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tra-My Hoang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Weiliang Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan Gans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jacob Weiner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Evan Nowak
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Mariette Barbier
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Angela Wilks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maureen A. Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amanda G. Oglesby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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36
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Wells MJ, Currie H, Gordon VD. Physiological concentrations of calcium interact with alginate and extracellular DNA in the matrices of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms to impede phagocytosis by neutrophils. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.23.563605. [PMID: 37961083 PMCID: PMC10634743 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.23.563605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are communities of interacting microbes embedded in a matrix of polymer, protein, and other materials. Biofilms develop distinct mechanical characteristics that depend on their predominant matrix components. These matrix components may be produced by microbes themselves or, for infections in vivo, incorporated from the host environment. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a human pathogen that forms robust biofilms that extensively tolerate antibiotics and effectively evade clearance by the immune system. Two of the important bacterial-produced polymers in the matrices of P. aeruginosa biofilms are alginate and extracellular DNA (eDNA), both of which are anionic and therefore have the potential to interact electrostatically with cations. Many physiological sites of infection contain significant concentrations of the calcium ion (Ca2+). In this study we investigate the structural and mechanical impacts of Ca2+ supplementation in alginate-dominated biofilms grown in vitro and we evaluate the impact of targeted enzyme treatments on clearance by immune cells. We use multiple particle tracking microrheology to evaluate the changes in biofilm viscoelasticity caused by treatment with alginate lyase and/or DNAse I. For biofilms grown without Ca2+, we correlate a decrease in relative elasticity with increased phagocytic success. However, we find that growth with Ca2+ supplementation disrupts this correlation except in the case where both enzymes are applied. This suggests that the calcium cation may be impacting the microstructure of the biofilm in non-trivial ways. Indeed, confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy reveal unique Ca2+-dependent eDNA and alginate microstructures. Our results suggest that the presence of Ca2+ drives the formation of structurally and compositionally discrete microdomains within the biofilm through electrostatic interactions with the anionic matrix components eDNA and alginate. Further, we observe that these structures serve a protective function as the dissolution of both components is required to render biofilm bacteria vulnerable to phagocytosis by neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn J. Wells
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, C1600, Austin, Texas 78712-1192, USA
- Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1610, Austin, Texas 78712-11993, USA
| | - Hailey Currie
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, C1600, Austin, Texas 78712-1192, USA
- Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1610, Austin, Texas 78712-11993, USA
| | - Vernita D. Gordon
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, C1600, Austin, Texas 78712-1192, USA
- Center for Nonlinear Dynamics, The University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1610, Austin, Texas 78712-11993, USA
- Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Norman Hackerman Building, 100 East 24th St., NHB 4500, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Neural Molecular Science Building, 2506 Speedway, Stop A5000, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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37
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Tchagang CF, Mah TF, Campbell-Valois FX. Anaerobic fluorescent reporters for live imaging of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1245755. [PMID: 37928662 PMCID: PMC10623331 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1245755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa thrives in the airways of individuals with cystic fibrosis, in part by forming robust biofilms that are resistant to immune clearance or antibiotic treatment. In the cystic fibrosis lung, the thickened mucus layers create an oxygen gradient, often culminating with the formation of anoxic pockets. In this environment, P. aeruginosa can use nitrate instead of oxygen to grow. Current fluorescent reporters for studying P. aeruginosa are limited to the GFP and related analogs. However, these reporters require oxygen for the maturation of their chromophore, making them unsuitable for the study of anaerobically grown P. aeruginosa. To overcome this limitation, we evaluated seven alternative fluorescent proteins, including iLOV, phiLOV2.1, evoglow-Bs2, LucY, UnaG, Fluorescence-Activating and Absorption-Shifting Tag (FAST), and iRFP670, which have been reported to emit light under oxygen-limiting conditions. We generated a series of plasmids encoding these proteins and validated their fluorescence using plate reader assays and confocal microscopy. Six of these proteins successfully labeled P. aeruginosa in anoxia. In particular, phiLOV2.1 and FAST provided superior fluorescence stability and enabled dual-color imaging of both planktonic and biofilm cultures. This study provides a set of fluorescent reporters for monitoring P. aeruginosa under low-oxygen conditions. These reporters will facilitate studies of P. aeruginosa in biofilms or other contexts relevant to its pathogenesis, such as those found in cystic fibrosis airways. Due to the broad host range of our expression vector, the phiLOV2.1 and FAST-based reporters may be applicable to the study of other Gram-negative bacteria that inhabit similar low-oxygen niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caetanie F. Tchagang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Host-Microbe Interactions Laboratory, Center for Chemical and Synthetic Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Thien-Fah Mah
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - François-Xavier Campbell-Valois
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Host-Microbe Interactions Laboratory, Center for Chemical and Synthetic Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Boboltz A, Yang S, Duncan GA. Engineering in vitro models of cystic fibrosis lung disease using neutrophil extracellular trap inspired biomaterials. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:9419-9430. [PMID: 37701932 PMCID: PMC10591795 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01489d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a muco-obstructive lung disease where inflammatory responses due to chronic infection result in the accumulation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the airways. NETs are web-like complexes comprised mainly of decondensed chromatin that function to capture and kill bacteria. Prior studies have established excess release of NETs in CF airways increases viscoelasticity of mucus secretions and reduces mucociliary clearance. Despite the pivotal role of NETs in CF disease pathogenesis, current in vitro models of this disease do not account for their contribution. Motivated by this, we developed a new approach to study the pathobiological effects of NETs in CF by combining synthetic NET-like biomaterials, composed of DNA and histones, with an in vitro human airway epithelial cell culture model. To determine the impact of synthetic NETs on airway clearance function, we incorporated synthetic NETs into mucin hydrogels and cell culture derived airway mucus to assess their rheological and transport properties. We found that the addition of synthetic NETs significantly increases mucin hydrogel viscoelasticity. As a result, mucociliary transport in vitro was significantly reduced with the addition of mucus containing synthetic NETs. Given the prevalence of bacterial infection in the CF lung, we also evaluated the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mucus with or without synthetic NETs. We found mucus containing synthetic NETs promoted microcolony growth and prolonged bacterial survival. Together, this work establishes a new biomaterial enabled approach to study innate immunity mediated airway dysfunction in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Boboltz
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Sydney Yang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Gregg A Duncan
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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Grandy S, Scur M, Dolan K, Nickerson R, Cheng Z. Using model systems to unravel host-Pseudomonas aeruginosa interactions. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:1765-1784. [PMID: 37290773 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Using model systems in infection biology has led to the discoveries of many pathogen-encoded virulence factors and critical host immune factors to fight pathogenic infections. Studies of the remarkable Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterium that infects and causes disease in hosts as divergent as humans and plants afford unique opportunities to shed new light on virulence strategies and host defence mechanisms. One of the rationales for using model systems as a discovery tool to characterise bacterial factors driving human infection outcomes is that many P. aeruginosa virulence factors are required for pathogenesis in diverse different hosts. On the other side, many host signalling components, such as the evolutionarily conserved mitogen-activated protein kinases, are involved in immune signalling in a diverse range of hosts. Some model organisms that have less complex immune systems also allow dissection of the direct impacts of innate immunity on host defence without the interference of adaptive immunity. In this review, we start with discussing the occurrence of P. aeruginosa in the environment and the ability of this bacterium to cause disease in various hosts as a natural opportunistic pathogen. We then summarise the use of some model systems to study host defence and P. aeruginosa virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannen Grandy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Michal Scur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kathleen Dolan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Rhea Nickerson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Zhenyu Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Silva E, Teixeira JA, Pereira MO, Rocha CMR, Sousa AM. Evolving biofilm inhibition and eradication in clinical settings through plant-based antibiofilm agents. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:154973. [PMID: 37499434 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After almost 100 years since evidence of biofilm mode of growth and decades of intensive investigation about their formation, regulatory pathways and mechanisms of antimicrobial tolerance, nowadays there are still no therapeutic solutions to eradicate bacterial biofilms and their biomedical related issues. PURPOSE This review intends to provide a comprehensive summary of the recent and most relevant published studies on plant-based products, or their isolated compounds with antibiofilm activity mechanisms of action or identified molecular targets against bacterial biofilms. The objective is to offer a new perspective of most recent data for clinical researchers aiming to prevent or eliminate biofilm-associated infections caused by bacterial pathogens. METHODS The search was performed considering original research articles published on PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus from 2015 to April 2023, using keywords such as "antibiofilm", "antivirulence", "phytochemicals" and "plant extracts". RESULTS Over 180 articles were considered for this review with a focus on the priority human pathogens listed by World Health Organization, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Inhibition and detachment or dismantling of biofilms formed by these pathogens were found using plant-based extract/products or derivative compounds. Although combination of plant-based products and antibiotics were recorded and discussed, this topic is currently poorly explored and only for a reduced number of bacterial species. CONCLUSIONS This review clearly demonstrates that plant-based products or derivative compounds may be a promising therapeutic strategy to eliminate bacterial biofilms and their associated infections. After thoroughly reviewing the vast amount of research carried out over years, it was concluded that plant-based products are mostly able to prevent biofilm formation through inhibition of quorum sensing signals, but also to disrupt mature biofilms developed by multidrug resistant bacteria targeting the biofilm extracellular polymeric substance. Flavonoids and phenolic compounds seemed the most effective against bacterial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Silva
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - José A Teixeira
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria Olivia Pereira
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Cristina M R Rocha
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Sousa
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal.
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Jordana-Lluch E, Barceló IM, Escobar-Salom M, Estévez MA, Zamorano L, Gómez-Zorrilla S, Sendra E, Oliver A, Juan C. The balance between antibiotic resistance and fitness/virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: an update on basic knowledge and fundamental research. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1270999. [PMID: 37840717 PMCID: PMC10569695 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1270999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay between antibiotic resistance and bacterial fitness/virulence has attracted the interest of researchers for decades because of its therapeutic implications, since it is classically assumed that resistance usually entails certain biological costs. Reviews on this topic revise the published data from a general point of view, including studies based on clinical strains or in vitro-evolved mutants in which the resistance phenotype is seen as a final outcome, i.e., a combination of mechanisms. However, a review analyzing the resistance/fitness balance from the basic research perspective, compiling studies in which the different resistance pathways and respective biological costs are individually approached, was missing. Here we cover this gap, specifically focusing on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a pathogen that stands out because of its extraordinary capacity for resistance development and for which a considerable number of recent and particular data on the interplay with fitness/virulence have been released. The revised information, split into horizontally-acquired vs. mutation-driven resistance, suggests a great complexity and even controversy in the resistance-fitness/virulence balance in the acute infection context, with results ranging from high costs linked to certain pathways to others that are seemingly cost-free or even cases of resistance mechanisms contributing to increased pathogenic capacities. The elusive mechanistic basis for some enigmatic data, knowledge gaps, and possibilities for therapeutic exploitation are discussed. The information gathered suggests that resistance-fitness/virulence interplay may be a source of potential antipseudomonal targets and thus, this review poses the elementary first step for the future development of these strategies harnessing certain resistance-associated biological burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Jordana-Lluch
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Mª Barceló
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Escobar-Salom
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Estévez
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
| | - Laura Zamorano
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Gómez-Zorrilla
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital del Mar, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelóna (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Sendra
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital del Mar, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelóna (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Juan
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
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Nicholls P, Clark JR, Gu Liu C, Terwilliger A, Maresso AW. Class-Driven Synergy and Antagonism between a Pseudomonas Phage and Antibiotics. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0006523. [PMID: 37404162 PMCID: PMC10429645 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00065-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is responsible for severe infections in patients with burns, cystic fibrosis, and neutropenia. Biofilm formation gives physical refuge and a protected microenvironment for sessile cells, rendering cure by antibiotics a challenge. Bacteriophages have evolved to prey on these biofilms over millions of years, using hydrolases and depolymerases to penetrate biofilms and reach cellular targets. Here, we assessed how a newly discovered KMV-like phage (ΦJB10) interacts with antibiotics to treat P. aeruginosa more effectively in both planktonic and biofilm forms. By testing representatives of four classes of antibiotics (cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and carbapenems), we demonstrated class-dependent interactions between ΦJB10 and antibiotics in both biofilm clearance and P. aeruginosa killing. Despite identifying antagonism between some antibiotic classes and ΦJB10 at early time points, all classes showed neutral to favorable interactions with the phage at later time points. In one notable example where the antibiotic alone had poor activity against both biofilm and high-density planktonic cells, we found that addition of ΦJB10 demonstrated synergy and resulted in effective treatment of both. Further, ΦJB10 seemed to act as an adjuvant to several antibiotics, reducing the concentration of antibiotics required to ablate the biofilm. This report shows that phages such as ΦJB10 may be valuable additions to the armamentarium against difficult-to-treat biofilm-based infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Nicholls
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Justin R. Clark
- TAILΦR LABS, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Carmen Gu Liu
- TAILΦR LABS, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Austen Terwilliger
- TAILΦR LABS, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anthony W. Maresso
- TAILΦR LABS, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Itoh K, Tsutani H, Mitsuke Y, Iwasaki H. Potential additional effects of iron chelators on antimicrobial- impregnated central venous catheters. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1210747. [PMID: 37608951 PMCID: PMC10442153 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1210747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Itoh
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Awara Hospital, Awara, Japan
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsutani
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Awara Hospital, Awara, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Mitsuke
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Awara Hospital, Awara, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Iwasaki
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, University of Fukui Hospital, Fukui, Japan
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Holzinger JM, Toelge M, Werner M, Ederer KU, Siegmund HI, Peterhoff D, Blaas SH, Gisch N, Brochhausen C, Gessner A, Bülow S. Scorpionfish BPI is highly active against multiple drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from people with cystic fibrosis. eLife 2023; 12:e86369. [PMID: 37461324 PMCID: PMC10353861 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pulmonary infection is a hallmark of cystic fibrosis (CF) and requires continuous antibiotic treatment. In this context, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) is of special concern since colonizing strains frequently acquire multiple drug resistance (MDR). Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) is a neutrophil-derived, endogenous protein with high bactericidal potency against Gram-negative bacteria. However, a significant range of people with CF (PwCF) produce anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies against BPI (BPI-ANCA), thereby neutralizing its bactericidal function. In accordance with literature, we describe that 51.0% of a total of 39 PwCF expressed BPI-ANCA. Importantly, an orthologous protein to human BPI (huBPI) derived from the scorpionfish Sebastes schlegelii (scoBPI) completely escaped recognition by these autoantibodies. Moreover, scoBPI exhibited high anti-inflammatory potency towards Pa LPS and was bactericidal against MDR Pa derived from PwCF at nanomolar concentrations. In conclusion, our results highlight the potential of highly active orthologous proteins of huBPI in treatment of MDR Pa infections, especially in the presence of BPI-ANCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Maurice Holzinger
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene Regensburg, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martina Toelge
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene Regensburg, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maren Werner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene Regensburg, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Ursula Ederer
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene Regensburg, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - David Peterhoff
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene Regensburg, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Nicolas Gisch
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Christoph Brochhausen
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - André Gessner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene Regensburg, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sigrid Bülow
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene Regensburg, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Laitano R, Calzetta L, Cavalli F, Cazzola M, Rogliani P. Delivering monoclonal antibodies via inhalation: a systematic review of clinical trials in asthma and COPD. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1041-1054. [PMID: 37342873 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2228681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advances in understanding the pathophysiology of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) led to investigation of biologic drugs targeting specific inflammatory pathways. No biologics are licensed for COPD while all the approved monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for severe asthma treatment are systemically administered. Systemic administration is associated with low target tissue exposure and risk of systemic adverse events. Thus, delivering mAbs via inhalation may be an attractive approach for asthma and COPD treatment due to direct targeting of the airways. AREAS COVERED This systematic review of randomized control trials (RCTs) evaluated the potential role of delivering mAbs via inhalation in asthma and COPD treatment. Five RCTs were deemed eligible for a qualitative analysis. EXPERT OPINION Compared to systemic administration, delivering mAbs via inhalation is associated with rapid onset of action, greater efficacy at lower doses, minimal systemic exposure, and lower risk of adverse events. Although some of the inhaled mAbs included in this study showed a certain level of efficacy and safety in asthmatic patients, delivering mAbs via inhalation is still challenging and controversial. Further adequately powered and well-designed RCTs are needed to assess the potential role of inhaled mAbs in the treatment of asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Laitano
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Luigino Calzetta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Disease and Lung Function Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Cavalli
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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46
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Boboltz AM, Yang S, Duncan GA. Engineering in vitro models of cystic fibrosis lung disease using neutrophil extracellular trap inspired biomaterials. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.26.546583. [PMID: 37425779 PMCID: PMC10327088 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.26.546583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a muco-obstructive lung disease where inflammatory responses due to chronic infection result in the accumulation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the airways. NETs are web-like complexes comprised mainly of decondensed chromatin that function to capture and kill bacteria. Prior studies have established excess release of NETs in CF airways increases viscoelasticity of mucus secretions and reduces mucociliary clearance. Despite the pivotal role of NETs in CF disease pathogenesis, current in vitro models of this disease do not account for their contribution. Motivated by this, we developed a new approach to study the pathobiological effects of NETs in CF by combining synthetic NET-like biomaterials, composed of DNA and histones, with an in vitro human airway epithelial cell culture model. To determine the impact of synthetic NETs on airway clearance function, we incorporated synthetic NETs into mucin hydrogels and cell culture derived airway mucus to assess their rheological and transport properties. We found that the addition of synthetic NETs significantly increases mucin hydrogel and native mucus viscoelasticity. As a result, mucociliary transport in vitro was significantly reduced with the addition of mucus containing synthetic NETs. Given the prevalence of bacterial infection in the CF lung, we also evaluated the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mucus with or without synthetic NETs. We found mucus containing synthetic NETs promoted microcolony growth and prolonged bacterial survival. Together, this work establishes a new biomaterial enabled approach to study innate immunity mediated airway dysfunction in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Boboltz
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Sydney Yang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Gregg A Duncan
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Sharma S, Mohler J, Mahajan SD, Schwartz SA, Bruggemann L, Aalinkeel R. Microbial Biofilm: A Review on Formation, Infection, Antibiotic Resistance, Control Measures, and Innovative Treatment. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1614. [PMID: 37375116 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm is complex and consists of bacterial colonies that reside in an exopolysaccharide matrix that attaches to foreign surfaces in a living organism. Biofilm frequently leads to nosocomial, chronic infections in clinical settings. Since the bacteria in the biofilm have developed antibiotic resistance, using antibiotics alone to treat infections brought on by biofilm is ineffective. This review provides a succinct summary of the theories behind the composition of, formation of, and drug-resistant infections attributed to biofilm and cutting-edge curative approaches to counteract and treat biofilm. The high frequency of medical device-induced infections due to biofilm warrants the application of innovative technologies to manage the complexities presented by biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Sharma
- Department of Urology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - James Mohler
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Supriya D Mahajan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Stanley A Schwartz
- Department of Urology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA
| | - Liana Bruggemann
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Ravikumar Aalinkeel
- Department of Urology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA
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Masuku M, Mozirandi W, Mukanganyama S. Evaluation of the Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effects of Ethyl Acetate Root Extracts from Vernonia adoensis (Asteraceae) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ScientificWorldJournal 2023; 2023:5782656. [PMID: 37324654 PMCID: PMC10264714 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5782656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increase in mortality and morbidity in the health facilities due to nosocomial infections caused by multidrug-resistant nosocomial bacteria; hence, there is a need for new antibacterial agents. Vernonia adoensis has been found to possess medicinal value. Plant phytochemicals may have antimicrobial activity against some resistant pathogens. The antibacterial efficacy of root extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated using the microbroth dilution method. All extracts from the roots had an inhibitory effect on the growth of both bacteria, with the most susceptible being P. aeruginosa. The most potent extract was the ethyl acetate extract which caused a percentage inhibition of 86% against P. aeruginosa. The toxicity of the extract was determined on sheep erythrocytes, and its effect on membrane integrity was determined by quantifying the amount of protein and nucleic acid leakage from the bacteria. The lowest concentration of extract used, which was 100 µg/ml, did not cause haemolysis of the erythrocytes, while at 1 mg/ml of the extract, 21% haemolysis was observed. The ethyl acetate extract caused membrane impairment of P. aeruginosa, leading to protein leakage. The effect of the extract on the biofilms of P. aeruginosa was determined in 96-microwell plates using crystal violet. In the concentration range of 0-100 µg/ml, the extract inhibited the formation of biofilms and decreased the attachment efficiency. The phytochemical constituents of the extract were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results of analysis showed the presence of 3-methylene-15-methoxy pentadecanol, 2-acetyl-6-(t-butyl)-4-methylphenol, 2-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropanoyl) cyclohexane-1,4-dione, E,E,Z-1,3,12-nonadecatriene-5,14-diol, and stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol. Fractionation and purification will elucidate the potential antimicrobial compounds which are present in the roots of V. adoensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercy Masuku
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Winnie Mozirandi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Stanley Mukanganyama
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
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Zaidi S, Ali K, Khan AU. It's all relative: analyzing microbiome compositions, its significance, pathogenesis and microbiota derived biofilms: Challenges and opportunities for disease intervention. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:257. [PMID: 37280443 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03589-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Concept of microorganisms has largely been perceived from their pathogenic view point. Nevertheless, it is being gradually revisited in terms of its significance to human health and now appears to be the most dominant force that shapes the immune system of the human body and also determines an individual's predisposition to diseases. Human inhabits bacterial diversity (which is predominant among all microbial communities in human body) occupying 0.3% of body mass, known as microbiota. On birth, a part of microbiota that child obtains is essentially a mother's legacy. So, the review was initiated with this critical topic of microbiotal inheritance. Since, each body site has distinct physiological specifications; therefore, they contain discrete microbiome composition that has been separately discussed along with dysbiosis-induced pathologies originating in different body organs. Factors affecting microbiome composition and may cause dysbiosis like antibiotics, delivery, feeding method etc. as well as the strategies that immune system adopts to prevent dysbiosis have been highlighted. We also tried to bring into attention the topic of dysbiosis induced biofilms, that enables cohort to survive stresses, evolve, disseminate and infection resurgence that is still in dormancy. Eventually, we put spotlight on microbiome significance in medical therapeutics. We didn't merely confine article to gut microbiota, that is being studied more extensively. Numerous community forms at diverse body sites are inter-related, and being exposed to awfully variable perturbations appear to be challenging to evaluate perturbation risks holistically. All aspects have been elaborately discussed to achieve a global depiction of human microbiota in order to meet urgent necessity for protocol standardisation. Demonstrates that environmental challenges (antibiotic use, alterations in diet, stress, smoking etc.) might cause dysbiosis i.e. transition of healthy microbiome composition to the one in which pathogenic microorganisms become more abundant, and eventually results in an infected state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Zaidi
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Khursheed Ali
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Asad U Khan
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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Reichhardt C. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Matrix Protein CdrA Has Similarities to Other Fibrillar Adhesin Proteins. J Bacteriol 2023; 205:e0001923. [PMID: 37098957 PMCID: PMC10210978 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00019-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of bacteria to adhere to each other and both biotic and abiotic surfaces is key to biofilm formation, and one way that bacteria adhere is using fibrillar adhesins. Fibrillar adhesins share several key characteristics, including (i) they are extracellular, surface-associated proteins, (ii) they contain an adhesive domain as well as a repetitive stalk domain, and (iii) they are either a monomer or homotrimer (i.e., identical, coiled-coil) of a high molecular weight protein. Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses the fibrillar adhesin called CdrA to promote bacterial aggregation and biofilm formation. Here, the current literature on CdrA is reviewed, including its transcriptional and posttranslational regulation by the second messenger c-di-GMP as well as what is known about its structure and ability to interact with other molecules. I highlight its similarities to other fibrillar adhesins and discuss open questions that remain to be answered toward a better understanding of CdrA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Reichhardt
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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