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Chavda VP, Teli D, Balar PC, Davidson M, Bojarska J, Vaghela DA, Apostolopoulos V. Self-assembled peptide hydrogels for the treatment of diabetes and associated complications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 235:113761. [PMID: 38281392 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is a widespread epidemic that includes a number of comorbid conditions that greatly increase the chance of acquiring other chronic illnesses. Every year, there are significantly more people with diabetes because of the rise in type-2 diabetes prevalence. The primary causes of illness and mortality worldwide are, among these, hyperglycemia and its comorbidities. There has been a lot of interest in the creation of peptide-based hydrogels as a potentially effective platform for the treatment of diabetes and its consequences. Here, we emphasize the use of self-assembled hydrogel formulations and their unique potential for the treatment/management of type-2 diabetes and its consequences. (i.e., wounds). Key aspects covered include the characteristics of self-assembled peptide hydrogels, methods for their preparation, and their pre-clinical and clinical applications in addressing metabolic disorders such as type-2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India.
| | - Divya Teli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Pankti C Balar
- Pharmacy section, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Majid Davidson
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joanna Bojarska
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 116 Zeromski S.t, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Dixa A Vaghela
- Pharmacy section, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Immunology Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Lourenço AP, Freitas C, Timóteo MH, Soares M, Figueiredo JP, Osório N, Valado A, Trapali M, Pereira T, Caseiro A. Laboratory Assessment of the Effects of AGA@4life Multidisciplinary Intervention on the Inflammatory Profile, MMPs, and TIMPs in a Geriatric Population. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:509. [PMID: 38470620 PMCID: PMC10931401 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12050509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the world's aging population has increased, contributing to the development of age-related pathologies, which have been aggravated by physical inactivity and excessive fat intake. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of implementing a nutritional program (control group-CG) combined with exercise (intervention group-IG) on the inflammatory profile, MMPs, and TIMPs in a group of 34 elderly participants (IG, n = 18; CG, n = 16). Participants underwent a full multidisciplinary diagnostic evaluation (T0), with the gathering of clinical information and biochemical and hematological determinations being re-evaluated eight weeks later (T1). A diet manual was made, which provided a selection of different types of diets resulting from the nutritional needs of the different users at the center. The aerobic exercise consisted of two sessions per week with a total duration of 1 h. The laboratory evaluation was performed by slot blot. Statistical analysis included a paired sample t-test and Spearman's correlation coefficient. We observed that in the IG, there was a significant increase at T1 of TNF-α (p < 0.05) and MMP-2 (p < 0.05), without changes in IL-6 and MMP-9, showing that the intervention did not cause an exacerbated inflammatory response in exercised elderly people. The intervention program implemented showed potential to contribute to better active aging strategies, taking advantage of the known benefits of exercise without inducing a harmful inflammatory response in elderly participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Patrícia Lourenço
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Rua 5 de Outubro, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.F.); (M.S.); (N.O.); (A.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Catarina Freitas
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Rua 5 de Outubro, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.F.); (M.S.); (N.O.); (A.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Maria Helena Timóteo
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Rua 5 de Outubro, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.F.); (M.S.); (N.O.); (A.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Maria Soares
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Rua 5 de Outubro, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.F.); (M.S.); (N.O.); (A.V.); (A.C.)
| | - João Paulo Figueiredo
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Social and Human Sciences, Rua 5 de Outubro, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Nádia Osório
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Rua 5 de Outubro, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.F.); (M.S.); (N.O.); (A.V.); (A.C.)
- LABINSAÚDE—Research Laboratory for Applied Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Rua 5 de Outubro, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Ana Valado
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Rua 5 de Outubro, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.F.); (M.S.); (N.O.); (A.V.); (A.C.)
- LABINSAÚDE—Research Laboratory for Applied Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Rua 5 de Outubro, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Maria Trapali
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Cosmetic Science, Department of Biomedical Medicine, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos Str., 12243 Egaleo, Greece;
| | - Telmo Pereira
- LABINSAÚDE—Research Laboratory for Applied Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Rua 5 de Outubro, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Clinical Physiology, Rua 5 de Outubro, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Armando Caseiro
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Rua 5 de Outubro, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.F.); (M.S.); (N.O.); (A.V.); (A.C.)
- LABINSAÚDE—Research Laboratory for Applied Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Rua 5 de Outubro, S. Martinho do Bispo, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal;
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Almuqahwi A, Alabdrabulridha H, Aljumaiah RM, Alfaifi AJ, Alnaim MF, Alfaifi IA, Alsaleh NA, Abdullah Alsalem N, Alsuwaylih F, Ahmed Ali Almana A, Altaweel FI, Alsalman SM, AlAli Y. A Systematic Review on the Relationship Between Physical Activity and Sexual Function in Adults. Cureus 2023; 15:e51307. [PMID: 38288234 PMCID: PMC10823211 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Sexual function is a vital component of overall well-being and quality of life. Physical activity is known to have a profound influence on various aspects of health, but its impact on sexual function in the general population remains an under-explored area. This systematic review seeks to thoroughly examine existing evidence, aiming to establish the correlation between physical activity and sexual function in both male and female adults. We conducted a comprehensive search of electronic databases and relevant sources, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Eligible studies were those that investigated the effects of physical activity on sexual function using the International Index of Erectile Dysfunction (IIEF-5) questionnaire and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Quality assessment was performed on the included studies, and the findings were synthesized through qualitative analysis. The review identified 12 randomized controlled trials, primarily focusing on males, with interventions ranging from home-based walking to structured exercise training. Only two studies were conducted among females. The most recommended exercise was aerobic exercise. Consistent aerobic exercise proves to be a hopeful and efficient non-drug intervention for enhancing erectile function in men. However, when considering the effects of physical exercise programs on sexual function and the quality of sexual life of females, the results present challenges in drawing clear conclusions. Health policymakers play an important role in providing guidelines and recommendations to healthcare professionals, encouraging them to prescribe exercise as a preferable alternative to pharmacological treatments for enhancing sexual functions in both men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Muna F Alnaim
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, King Faisal University, Hofuf, SAU
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yaqin AlAli
- Internal Medicine, King Faisal University, Hofuf, SAU
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Chavda VP, Vuppu S, Mishra T, Stojanovska L, Apostolopoulos V. Importance of mental health and exercise in the tough time of viral outbreaks. Maturitas 2023; 176:107751. [PMID: 37002055 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Suneetha Vuppu
- Department of Biotechnology, Science, Innovation, and Society Research lab 115, Hexagon (SMV), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Toshika Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Science, Innovation, and Society Research lab 115, Hexagon (SMV), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lily Stojanovska
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Immunology and Translational Research Group, Melbourne 3030, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne 3021, VIC, Australia.
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5
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Swiderski J, Sakkal S, Apostolopoulos V, Zulli A, Gadanec LK. Combination of Taurine and Black Pepper Extract as a Treatment for Cardiovascular and Coronary Artery Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112562. [PMID: 37299525 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The shift in modern dietary regimens to "Western style" and sedentary lifestyles are believed to be partly responsible for the increase in the global burden of cardiovascular diseases. Natural products have been used throughout human history as treatments for a plethora of pathological conditions. Taurine and, more recently, black pepper have gained attention for their beneficial health effects while remaining non-toxic even when ingested in excess. Taurine, black pepper, and the major terpene constituents found in black pepper (i.e., β-caryophyllene; α-pinene; β-pinene; α-humulene; limonene; and sabinene) that are present in PhytoCann BP® have been shown to have cardioprotective effects based on anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-hypertensive and anti-atherosclerotic mechanisms. This comprehensive review of the literature focuses on determining whether the combination of taurine and black pepper extract is an effective natural treatment for reducing cardiovascular diseases risk factors (i.e., hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia) and for driving anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and anti-atherosclerotic mechanisms to combat coronary artery disease, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Swiderski
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Samy Sakkal
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
- Immunology Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Laura Kate Gadanec
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia
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Shakoor H, Platat C, Ali HI, Ismail LC, Al Dhaheri AS, Bosevski M, Apostolopoulos V, Stojanovska L. The benefits of physical activity in middle-aged individuals for cardiovascular disease outcomes. Maturitas 2023; 168:49-52. [PMID: 36462307 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Regular physical activity (PA) has a positive role in preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Due to a trend toward a more sedentary lifestyle, the middle-aged population (35-65 years) is at greater risk of developing CVD. It is well established that PA improves cardiorespiratory fitness and reduces the risk of cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular events, including stroke, coronary heart disease, heart failure, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and blood pressure. PA can potentially decrease oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, which are the two main underlying mechanisms leading to CVD. By reducing CRP, TNF-α, INF-γ, NF-κB and increasing IL-10, IL-4, and IL-8, PA can prevent the initiation and progression of CVD in middle-aged adults, highlighting the importance of being physically active for this age group. The general recommendation for PA to prevent CVD is at least 150 min/week at a moderate level of intensity; the type of PA should be adapted to the fitness level and medical condition of the individual. However, standardized guidelines for middle-aged individuals with cardiovascular events still need to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Shakoor
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Carine Platat
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Habiba I Ali
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Leila Cheikh Ismail
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
| | - Ayesha Salem Al Dhaheri
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Marijan Bosevski
- University Cardiology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Stt.Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Werribee campus, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; Immunology Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Lily Stojanovska
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates; Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Werribee campus, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia.
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Use of Physical Activity and Exercise to Reduce Inflammation in Children and Adolescents with Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116908. [PMID: 35682490 PMCID: PMC9180584 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a leading public health problem worldwide, as it is increasingly prevalent and therefore responsible for serious obesity-related comorbidities, not only in childhood but also in adulthood. In addition to cardio-metabolic obesity-related disorders, recent evidence suggests that excess adipose tissue in turn is associated with immune cell infiltration, increased adipokine release, and the development of low-grade systemic inflammation obesity. Exercise is considered a non-pharmacological intervention that can delay obesity-related comorbidities, improving cardiovascular fitness and modulating the inflammatory processes. It has been reported that the anti-inflammatory effect of regular exercise may be mediated by a reduction in visceral fat mass, with a subsequent decrease in the release of adipokines from adipose tissue (AT) and/or by the induction of an anti-inflammatory environment. In this narrative review, we discuss the role of AT as an endocrine organ associated with chronic inflammation and its role in obesity-related complications, focusing on the effect of exercise in reducing inflammation in children and adolescents with obesity. Regular physical exercise must be considered as a natural part of a healthy lifestyle, and promoting physical activity starting from childhood is useful to limit the negative effects of obesity on health. The crucial role of the immune system in the development of obesity-induced inflammatory processes and the efficacy of exercise as an anti-inflammatory, non-pharmacological intervention may provide possible targets for the development of new treatments and early preventive strategies.
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So B, Kwon KH. The impact of physical activity on well-being, lifestyle and health promotion in an era of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 variant. Postgrad Med 2022; 134:349-358. [DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2022.2052467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bohee So
- Division of Beauty Arts Care, Department of Practical Arts, Graduate School of Culture and Arts, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Han Kwon
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
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Sowers K, Litwin B, Lee A, Galantino ML. Effect of Moderate Intensity Exercise on Infection Rates in Individuals with Primary Immunodeficiency Disease: A Preliminary Pilot Randomized Investigation. Physiother Theory Pract 2021; 38:2677-2688. [PMID: 34587873 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2021.1983907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Individuals with a diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency disease (PID) have poorer health-related quality of life (HRQoL) compared with healthy individuals. Regular moderate exercise enhances immune function and wellbeing. Whether exercise at recommended levels for the general population is tolerated by individuals diagnosed with PID, without adverse effects, is unknown and warrants investigation. METHODS A prospective randomized preliminary pilot investigation with individuals diagnosed with PID was undertaken; participants were assigned to either an exercise (n = 18) or control group (n = 16). The exercise group completed an eight-week, semi-customized, home-based, moderate intensity exercise program, while the control group engaged in routine activities. Participants completed recall surveys assessing infection rates and non-routine medical care over 8 weeks prior to the eight-week intervention. RESULTS Given recruitment issues, the study was underpowered. Thus, as expected, no difference between groups was observed. CONCLUSION This preliminary pilot investigation provides the foundation for a large scale, appropriately powered, randomized controlled trial to investigate the effect of moderate exercise on infection rates and non-routine medical care for individuals with PID. Recommendations are made to strengthen the methodology of future investigations on the effects of exercise on the immune function and quality of life for individuals diagnosed with PID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri Sowers
- Health Science Program, Stockton University, Galloway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Bini Litwin
- Physical Therapy Department, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, Florida, USA
| | - Alan Lee
- Physical Therapy Department, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, Florida, USA.,Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, Mount Saint Mary's University, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mary Lou Galantino
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA.,Physiotherapy Department, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Abstract
As inflammatory lifestyle factors become more prevalent and as the population ages, the management of inflammation will become increasingly relevant. Plant polyphenols are powerful antioxidants that are known to have beneficial effects in a number of diseases with an inflammatory or oxidative component, such as malignancy, cardiovascular disease and arthritis. Polyphenol-rich sugarcane extract (PRSE) is a novel preparation with high concentrations of polyphenolic antioxidants, with some evidence to show benefits in health, but there is limited research investigating its effects on immunomodulation. This study determined the effects of PRSE on human monocyte cells in vitro. We show that PRSE has an immunomodulatory effect in U937 human monocyte cells, altering the expression of cellular surface markers, with an increased expression of CD16 and CD11b, as well as small changes in CD40, CD80, CD80, CD206 and MHCI. It also modulates the profile of secreted cytokines, increasing IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, IL-4 and IL-10. These changes are consistent with the advanced differentiation of the monocyte, as well as the switch from the M1 to M2 phenotype in macrophages. We also demonstrate that this effect is likely to be independent of the NF-κB signalling pathway, suggesting that other mechanisms drive this effect. PRSE exerts an immunomodulatory effect on U937 monocytes in vitro, potentially facilitating the conversion from inflammation to healing. Future studies should identify specific mechanisms underlying the changes and evaluate their effectiveness in animal models of disease.
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Javelle F, Bloch W, Knoop A, Guillemin GJ, Zimmer P. Toward a neuroprotective shift: Eight weeks of high intensity interval training reduces the neurotoxic kynurenine activity concurrently to impulsivity in emotionally impulsive humans - A randomized controlled trial. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 96:7-17. [PMID: 33932526 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous findings suggest that impulsivity is related to chronic low-grade inflammation. Inflammation is known to trigger the kynurenine pathway to a pathological level in various impulsivity-related disorders. Nonetheless, murine models and recent human studies have shown that physical exercise, in particular High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT), could counterbalance the negative effects of inflammation on the kynurenine pathway. AIM This study evaluates the effects of eight weeks of HIIT versus an active control group on impulsivity levels and accompanying alterations of inflammatory-mediated changes of the kynurenine pathway in a sample of emotionally impulsive humans. METHODS Participants were randomly allocated to either HIIT or stretching conditions (three trainings per week for eight weeks). Fitness level was evaluated via VO2peak values at the beginning at end of the intervention. Kynurenine metabolites, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and impulsivity levels were evaluated at T0, T4, and T8 weeks. Statistical analyses were performed using mixed models. RESULTS Fifty-three participants were included in the modified Intention To Treat analysis (45 finished the intervention). The HIIT group (n = 28) largely increased the aerobic fitness of its participants and produced physiological changes while the stretching group (n = 25) did not. HIIT reduced interleukin 6 levels (small to moderate interaction) and reduced the activity of the neurotoxic branch of the kynurenine pathway (small to moderate interaction for KYNA/QA and KYN/QA) after eight weeks of training while the active control did not change. Both interventions were effective to decrease emotion-related impulsivity, however only the HIIT group decreased participants' emotion-unrelated levels. Changes in emotion-related and -unrelated impulsivity were moderately correlated to changes in KYNA/KYN. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that HIIT was able to switch the kynurenine pathway from its neurotoxic branch to its neuroprotective one. This shift was associated with a decrease in impulsivity. Based on these findings, future work may consider investigating more intensively the effect of HIIT on impulsivity-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Javelle
- Clinical Exercise-Neuroimmunology Group, Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Clinical Exercise-Neuroimmunology Group, Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andre Knoop
- Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University Cologne, Germany
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Clinical Exercise-Neuroimmunology Group, Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany; Department for Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
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12
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Wunram HL, Oberste M, Hamacher S, Neufang S, Grote N, Krischer MK, Bloch W, Schönau E, Bender S, Fricke O. Immunological Effects of an Add-On Physical Exercise Therapy in Depressed Adolescents and Its Interplay with Depression Severity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6527. [PMID: 34204400 PMCID: PMC8296386 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs) have gained attention in the pathophysiology and treatment of depressive disorders. At the same time, the therapeutic effect of physical activity seems to work via immunomodulatory pathways. The interventional study "Mood Vibes" analyzed the influence of exercise on depression severity (primary endpoint) in depressive adolescents; the influence of PICs on the clinical outcome was analyzed as a secondary endpoint. METHODS Clinically diagnosed depressed adolescents (N = 64; 28.1% male; mean age = 15.9; mean BMI = 24.6) were included and participated either in Whole Body Vibration (WBV) (n = 21) or bicycle ergometer training (n = 20) in addition to treatment-as-usual (TAU). Patients in the control treatment group received TAU only (n = 23). The PICs (interleukin-6-IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α-TNF-α) were analyzed before intervention, after 6 weeks of training (t1), and 8 weeks post-intervention (t2). The effects of the treatment on depression severity were rated by self-rating "Depression Inventory for Children and Adolescents" (DIKJ). RESULTS Basal IL-6 decreased in all groups from t0 to t1, but it increased again in WBV and controls at t2. TNF-α diminished in ergometer and controls from baseline to t1. PIC levels showed no correlation with depression severity at baseline. The influence on DIKJ scores over time was significant for IL-6 in the WBV group (p = 0.008). Sex had an impact on TNF-α (p < 0.001), with higher concentrations in male patients. Higher body mass index was associated with higher IL-6 concentrations over all measurement points (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The positive effects of an intensive add-on exercise therapy on adolescent depression seem to be partly influenced by immunomodulation. A small sample size and non-randomized controls are limitations of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidrun Lioba Wunram
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (N.G.); (M.K.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Max Oberste
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology (IMSB), University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (M.O.); (S.H.)
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hamacher
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology (IMSB), University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (M.O.); (S.H.)
| | - Susanne Neufang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Nils Grote
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (N.G.); (M.K.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Maya Kristina Krischer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (N.G.); (M.K.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Institute of Movement and Neuroscience, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Eckhard Schönau
- Children’s Hospital, University Hospital of Cologne & UniReha, University Hospital of Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Stephan Bender
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Psychosomatic and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (N.G.); (M.K.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Oliver Fricke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Child Neurology, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Herdecke & Chair of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Witten/Herdecke University, 58313 Witten/Herdecke, Germany;
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de Boer DR, Hoekstra F, Huetink KIM, Hoekstra T, Krops LA, Hettinga FJ. Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior and Well-Being of Adults with Physical Disabilities and/or Chronic Diseases during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Rapid Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6342. [PMID: 34208156 PMCID: PMC8296179 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: People with physical disabilities and/or chronic diseases report lower levels of physical activity and well-being than the general population, which potentially is exacerbated through the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explored the international literature on physical activity, sedentary behavior and well-being in adults with physical disabilities and/or chronic diseases during the first wave of the pandemic. Method: In a rapid review, we included studies reporting on physical activity, sedentary behavior and/or well-being in adults with physical disabilities and/or chronic diseases. Four databases (Pubmed, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Embase) were searched for studies published until 30 September 2020. Results: We included twenty-nine studies involving eleven different types of disabilities or health conditions from twenty-one different countries. Twenty-six studies reported on physical activity, of which one reported an increase during the COVID-19 pandemic, four studies reported no difference, and twenty-one studies reported a decrease. Thirteen studies reported a decline in well-being. Only one study measured sedentary behavior, reporting an increase. Conclusion: Despite the variety in methods used, almost all studies reported negative impacts on physical activity and well-being in people with physical disabilities and/or chronic disease during the first wave of the pandemic. These findings highlight the importance of supporting this population, especially in times of crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diederik R. de Boer
- Centre for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (D.R.d.B.); (F.H.); (K.I.M.H.)
| | - Femke Hoekstra
- Centre for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (D.R.d.B.); (F.H.); (K.I.M.H.)
- Faculty of Health and Social Development, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Kimberley I. M. Huetink
- Centre for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (D.R.d.B.); (F.H.); (K.I.M.H.)
| | - Trynke Hoekstra
- Department of Health Sciences and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Leonie A. Krops
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Florentina J. Hettinga
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle NE1 8ST, UK
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Abstract
Type-2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic condition, generally regarded as an irreversible, that is among the top 10 causes of death globally. The hallmark of T2D is hyperglycemia, which results from disturbances in insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Several clinical and lifestyle factors are involved in the progression of T2D, such as obesity and physical inactivity. A high-calorie diet is the main contributor to the development of obesity, which results in T2D, as obesity or increased intra-abdominal adipose tissue is related to insulin resistance. Technological advances have contributed to individuals having a more sedentary lifestyle, leading to obesity and T2D. T2D can be treated with lifestyle interventions, such as diet and exercise. Herein, we highlight the positive impact of a very low-calorie diet (VLCD) and lifestyle modalities in the treatment and prevention of T2D. An inclusion of VLCD 400-800 kcal/day for 8 weeks and ≥ 150 minutes exercise 5 times a week as lifestyle interventions can decrease glucose levels to normal, reduce HbA1c and improve insulin resistance and sensitivity. Therefore, a potential mechanism in maintaining glucose homeostasis and remission of T2D by VLCD and exercise reduces body weight.
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Tylutka A, Morawin B, Gramacki A, Zembron-Lacny A. Lifestyle exercise attenuates immunosenescence; flow cytometry analysis. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:200. [PMID: 33752623 PMCID: PMC7986285 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02128-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interaction of physical activity and overall immune profile is very complex and depends on the intensity, duration and frequency of undertaken physical activity, the exposure to cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and the age-related changes in the immune system. Daily physical activity, which particularly influences immunity, declines dramatically with age. Therefore, the aim of the study was to explain whether physical activity sustained throughout life can attenuate or reverse immunosenescence. Methods Ninety-nine older adults (60–90 years) were recruited for the study. According to the 6-min walk test (6WMT), the Åstrand-Ryhming bike test (VO2max) and Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) questionnaire, the individuals were classified as physically active (n = 34) and inactive (n = 20) groups. The analysis of T lymphocytes between active vs. inactive participants was performed using eight-parameter flow cytometry. Results Analysis of the baseline peripheral naïve and memory T lymphocytes showed a significant relationship of lifestyle exercise with the CD4/CD8 ratio. Above 50% of physically active participants demonstrated the CD4/CD8 ratio ≥ 1 or ≤ 2.5 contrary to the inactive group who showed the ratio < 1. The older adults with the result of 6WMT > 1.3 m/s and VO2max > 35 mL/kg/min had a significantly higher CD4+CD45RA+ T lymphocyte percentage and also a higher ratio of CD4+CD45RA+/CD4+CD45RO+. Interestingly, in active older adults with IgG CMV+ (n = 30) the count of CD4+CD45RA+ T lymphocytes was higher than in the inactive group with IgG CMV+ (n = 20). Conclusion Based on the flow cytometry analysis, we concluded that lifestyle exercise could lead to rejuvenation of the immune system by increasing the percentage of naïve T lymphocytes or by reducing the tendency of the inverse CD4/CD8 ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tylutka
- Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, 28 Zyty Str., 65-046, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Barbara Morawin
- Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, 28 Zyty Str., 65-046, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Artur Gramacki
- Faculty of Computer, Electrical and Control Engineering, Institute of Control and Computation Engineering University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zembron-Lacny
- Department of Applied and Clinical Physiology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Gora, 28 Zyty Str., 65-046, Zielona Gora, Poland.
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16
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Prakash MD, Stojanovska L, Feehan J, Nurgali K, Donald EL, Plebanski M, Flavel M, Kitchen B, Apostolopoulos V. Anti-cancer effects of polyphenol-rich sugarcane extract. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247492. [PMID: 33690618 PMCID: PMC7946306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant polyphenols have an array of health benefits primarily thought to be related to their high content of anti-oxidants. These are commonly undervalued and knowledge of their biological properties have grown exponentially in the last decade. Polyphenol-rich sugarcane extract (PRSE), a natural extract from sugar cane, is marketed as high in anti-oxidants and polyphenols, but its anti-cancer activity has not been reported previously. We show that, PRSE exerts anti-cancer properties on a range of cancer cells including human (LIM2045) and mouse (MC38, CT26) colon cancer cells lines; human lung cancer (A549), human ovarian cancer (SKOV-3), pro-monocytic human leukemia (U937) and to mouse melanoma (B16) cell lines; whereas no effects were noted on human breast (ZR-75-1) and human colon (HT29) cancer cell lines, as well as to human normal colon epithelial cell line (T4056). Anti-proliferative effects were shown to be mediated via alteration in cytokines, VEGF-1 and NF-κB expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica D. Prakash
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lily Stojanovska
- College of Food and Agriculture, Department of Nutrition and Health, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jack Feehan
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine–Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth L. Donald
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew Flavel
- Bioactives Division, The Product Makers, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barry Kitchen
- Bioactives Division, The Product Makers, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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17
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Effectiveness of SaBang- DolGi Walking Exercise Program on Physical and Mental Health of Menopausal Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186935. [PMID: 32972007 PMCID: PMC7558547 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: We investigated the effectiveness of a 12-week SaBang-DolGi walking exercise program on the physical and mental health of menopausal women and aimed to provide the basic data needed to develop health promotion programs for the active and healthy aging of menopausal women. Materials and methods: The participants comprised 40 women aged 50–65 years who were divided into two randomly selected groups in training sessions (exercising group, n = 21 and control group, n = 19). A physical (grip, muscle and endurance) test and mental health test (simple mental health test II) were conducted using questionnaires with the aim of examining subjects’ physical and mental health before and after exercise. Results: After the intervention, the participants experienced positive changes in the physical dimension, with significant enhancements particularly in mental well-being and menopause-related health and subdomains. Controlled and regular exercise for 12 weeks was significantly correlated with a positive change in vitality and mental health. Conclusions: We found that the SaBang-DolGi walking exercise program helps to promote the physical and mental health of menopausal women who are exposed to the various stresses and depressions that accompany physical deterioration; the program was found to encourage active and healthy aging.
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18
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Qaradakhi T, Gadanec LK, McSweeney KR, Tacey A, Apostolopoulos V, Levinger I, Rimarova K, Egom EE, Rodrigo L, Kruzliak P, Kubatka P, Zulli A. The potential actions of angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) activator diminazene aceturate (DIZE) in various diseases. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:751-758. [PMID: 31901211 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The renin angiotensin system (RAS) regulates fluid balance, blood pressure and maintains vascular tone. The potent vasoconstrictor angiotensin II (Ang II) produced by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) comprises the classical RAS. The non-classical RAS involves the conversion of Ang II via ACE2 into the vasodilator Ang (1-7) to counterbalance the effects of Ang II. Furthermore, ACE2 converts AngA into another vasodilator named alamandine. The over activation of the classical RAS (increased vasoconstriction) and depletion of the non-classical RAS (decreased vasodilation) results in vascular dysfunction. Vascular dysfunction is the leading cause of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Additionally, local RAS is expressed in various tissues and regulates cellular functions. RAS dysregulation is involved in other several diseases such as inflammation, renal dysfunction and even cancer growth. An approach in restoring vascular dysfunction and other pathological diseases is to either increase the activity of ACE2 or reduce the effect of the classical RAS by counterbalancing Ang II effects. The antitrypanosomal agent, diminazene aceturate (DIZE), is one approach in activating ACE2. DIZE has been shown to exert beneficial effects in CVD experimental models of hypertension, myocardial infarction, type 1 diabetes and atherosclerosis. Thus, this review focuses on DIZE and its effect in several tissues such as blood vessels, cardiac, renal, immune and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawar Qaradakhi
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Laura Kate Gadanec
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Alexander Tacey
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Australia
| | | | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Australia
| | - Kvetoslava Rimarova
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Emmanuel E Egom
- Egom Clinical & Translational Research Services Ltd, Dartmouth, NS, Canada.,Jewish General Hospital and Lady Davis Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Luis Rodrigo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo and Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Borthers of Mercy Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia.,Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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19
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Wang J, Liu S, Li G, Xiao J. Exercise Regulates the Immune System. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1228:395-408. [PMID: 32342473 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1792-1_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The profound effect of exercise on the normal functioning of the immune system has been well-known. Exercise and immune regulation are interrelated and affect each other. Exercise changes immune regulation by affecting leucocytes, red blood cells, and cytokines, etc. Regular exercise could reduce the risk of chronic metabolic and cardiorespiratory diseases, partially by the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise. However, these effects are also likely to be responsible for the suppressed immunity that make our bodies more susceptible to infections. Here we summarize the known mechanisms by which exercise-both acute and chronic-exerts its immune regulation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuqin Liu
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
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20
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Stojanovska L, Naemiratch B, Apostolopoulos V. Type 2 Diabetes in People from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Backgrounds: Perspectives for Training and Practice from Nutritional Therapy and Dietician Professions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 38:15-24. [PMID: 28593887 DOI: 10.1515/prilozi-2017-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the perspectives of nutritional therapy and dietician practitioners, undergraduate students and academics working with people with type 2 diabetes and who are from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds. METHODS A qualitative study design of in-depth semi-structured one-on-one interviews with a total of 24 participants (8 practitioners, 8 students and 8 academics) in the fields of nutritional therapy and dietetics. Open-ended questions focused on the perspectives and experiences (learning, practice and teaching) of working with people of CALD backgrounds who have type 2 diabetes. All interviews were recorded for thematic and textual analysis. RESULTS Inter-related themes which were confirmed with investigator triangulation were the understanding of (i) the concepts of culture and diversity, (ii) the concepts and influences of health, diabetes and food across cultures, (iii) influences within and across cultures and (iv) systems and resourcing. Overarching perspectives across these themes suggested frustration in having sufficient capacity to assess comprehensively, to deliver effective, comprehensive and high quality management plans, and to achieve required health behavioural changes with people from different CALD backgrounds. CONCLUSIONS There's a need for improvements in the undergraduate education and training and in professional development programs; training and resourcing of interpreters in delivery of health-related information and working with health professionals; for focus on culturally appropriate management plans that involve consultation with key decision makers in families and communities; and, reviews of the systems for supporting and resourcing nutritional therapists and dieticians in professional development from undergraduate to practice levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Stojanovska
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, PO Box 14428, Melbourne VIC 8001
| | - Bhensri Naemiratch
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, PO Box 14428, Melbourne VIC 8001 Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, PO Box 14428, Melbourne VIC 8001
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21
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Morberg D, Alzate López Y, Moreira S, Prata N, Riley L, Burroughs Peña M. The rheumatic heart disease healthcare paradox: disease persistence in slums despite universal healthcare coverage—a provider perspective qualitative study. Public Health 2019; 171:15-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Prado VC, Quines CB, Rosa SG, Cechella JL, Nogueira CW. Oxidative stress and metabolic parameters are differently affected by fructose when rats were kept sedentary or underwent swimming exercise. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:721-728. [PMID: 30933668 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The current study evaluated whether fructose supplementation affects oxidative stress and metabolic parameters in the liver and gastrocnemius muscle of rats subjected to swimming exercise. Male adult Wistar rats received a fructose solution (10%) or water during 1 h before exercise and during the rest interval by the intragastric route. The swimming protocol consisted of 6 days: each day, rats underwent 3 sessions of 17 min each, with a load of 5% of body mass, and rest intervals of 3 min. Fructose supplementation changed metabolic and oxidative parameters in the liver and gastrocnemius muscle of sedentary rats. Swimming exercise counteracted the increase of triglyceride levels in plasma and liver induced by fructose supplementation. It also reduced thiobarbituric acid reactive species levels in the liver, and catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in the gastrocnemius muscle of supplemented rats. However, fructose supplementation worsened metabolic (hepatic triglyceride levels) and oxidative parameters (thiobarbituric acid reactive species levels) in the liver and gastrocnemius of exercised rats. This study demonstrates that oxidative stress and metabolic parameters were differently affected by fructose supplementation when rats were kept sedentary or underwent swimming exercise. The present results indicate the need of a new insight of the role of fructose supplementation during physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Costa Prado
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil.,Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Brandão Quines
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil.,Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Suzan Gonçalves Rosa
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil.,Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Cechella
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil.,Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristina Wayne Nogueira
- Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil.,Laboratório de Síntese, Reatividade e Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
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Phillips C, Fahimi A. Immune and Neuroprotective Effects of Physical Activity on the Brain in Depression. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:498. [PMID: 30093853 PMCID: PMC6070639 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity-a lifestyle factor that is associated with immune function, neuroprotection, and energy metabolism-modulates the cellular and molecular processes in the brain that are vital for emotional and cognitive health, collective mechanisms that can go awry in depression. Physical activity optimizes the stress response, neurotransmitter level and function (e.g., serotonergic, noradrenergic, dopaminergic, and glutamatergic), myokine production (e.g., interleukin-6), transcription factor levels and correlates [e.g., peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor C coactivator-1α [PGC-1α], mitochondrial density, nitric oxide pathway activity, Ca2+ signaling, reactive oxygen specie production, and AMP-activated protein kinase [AMPK] activity], kynurenine metabolites, glucose regulation, astrocytic health, and growth factors (e.g., brain-derived neurotrophic factor). Dysregulation of these interrelated processes can effectuate depression, a chronic mental illness that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Although the biogenic amine model has provided some clinical utility in understanding chronic depression, a need remains to better understand the interrelated mechanisms that contribute to immune dysfunction and the means by which various therapeutics mitigate them. Fortunately, convergent evidence suggests that physical activity improves emotional and cognitive function in persons with depression, particularly in those with comorbid inflammation. Accordingly, the aims of this review are to (1) underscore the link between inflammatory correlates and depression, (2) explicate immuno-neuroendocrine foundations, (3) elucidate evidence of neurotransmitter and cytokine crosstalk in depressive pathobiology, (4) determine the immunomodulatory effects of physical activity in depression, (5) examine protocols used to effectuate the positive effects of physical activity in depression, and (6) highlight implications for clinicians and scientists. It is our contention that a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which inflammation contributes to the pathobiology of depression will translate to novel and more effective treatments, particularly by identifying relevant patient populations that can benefit from immune-based therapies within the context of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristy Phillips
- Physical Therapy, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR, United States
- Physical Therapy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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24
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Exercise Perception and Behaviors in Individuals Living with Primary Immunodeficiency Disease. J Clin Immunol 2018; 38:174-184. [PMID: 29307028 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-017-0472-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Routine exercise has been established as an effective way to improve overall health. The value of exercise has been established in many diseases, however, there are no studies investigating the impact of exercise for individuals with primary immunodeficiency disease (PID). The purpose of this study was to investigate exercise perceptions and behaviors in individuals diagnosed with PID. METHODS An online survey was distributed over a four-week period. RESULTS Of the 264 responses collected, most were females, 45-54 years old. Respondents reported a measurable loss of function impairing their daily activities due to loss of mobility/physical activity (41.32%), or loss of lung/pulmonary function (40.08%,). They felt exercise decreased stress level and improved their mental well-being (46.25%). Some indicated they participate in exercise (33.20%), while 36.84% had not participated in exercise for at least 1 year. Exercise was limited primarily due to fatigue (86.97%). CONCLUSION Exercise is important for those with chronic medical conditions. Most individuals living with PID can participate in low/moderate physical activity, but struggle with vigorous physical activity, since fatigue is the greatest barrier. Respondents view exercise as beneficial, and would like to increase participation in an exercise program.
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Mikkelsen K, Stojanovska L, Polenakovic M, Bosevski M, Apostolopoulos V. Exercise and mental health. Maturitas 2017; 106:48-56. [PMID: 29150166 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing body of literature that recognizes the positive effects of exercise on mood states such as anxiety, stress and depression, through physiological and biochemical mechanisms, including endorphins, mitochondria, mammalian target of rapamycin, neurotransmitters and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and via the thermogenic hypothesis. In addition, psychological mechanisms influence the effects of exercise on mood states, as suggested by both the distraction hypothesis and the self-efficacy hypothesis. Exercise has also been shown to reduce inflammation via several different processes (inflammation, cytokines, toll-like receptors, adipose tissue and via the vagal tone), which can contribute to better health outcomes in people suffering from mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Mikkelsen
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lily Stojanovska
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
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26
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Pudkasam S, Tangalakis K, Chinlumprasert N, Apostolopoulos V, Stojanovska L. Breast cancer and exercise: The role of adiposity and immune markers. Maturitas 2017; 105:16-22. [PMID: 28515012 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently, breast cancer accounts for a quarter of all cancers and 15% of cancer-specific deaths amongst females. The global occurrence of breast cancer has increased in the last decade whilst the mortality rate has decreased. Exercise can be beneficial to breast cancer patients through changes in adiposity and immune responses. Even though there is some evidence supporting the improvement of fat metabolism and immune function after an exercise program in breast cancer, randomized controlled studies are limited and require further comprehensive analysis in this population group. Herein, we identify the known effects of exercise programs on adiposity and immunological markers which can improve breast cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pudkasam
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, PO Box 14426, Melbourne VIC 8001 Australia; Faculty of Nursing Science, Assumption University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kathy Tangalakis
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, PO Box 14426, Melbourne VIC 8001 Australia
| | | | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, PO Box 14426, Melbourne VIC 8001 Australia.
| | - Lily Stojanovska
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, PO Box 14426, Melbourne VIC 8001 Australia.
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Bosevski M, Bosevska G, Stojanovska L, Apostolopoulos V. CRP and fibrinogen imply clinical outcome of patients with Type-2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:284-285. [PMID: 28119309 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lily Stojanovska
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne VIC, Australia
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28
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Mechanick JI, Zhao S, Garvey WT. The Adipokine-Cardiovascular-Lifestyle Network. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 68:1785-1803. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Larsson JK, Sonestedt E, Ohlsson B, Manjer J, Sjöberg K. The association between the intake of specific dietary components and lifestyle factors and microscopic colitis. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 70:1309-1317. [PMID: 27460269 PMCID: PMC5107968 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The incidence of microscopic colitis (MC) has increased over the previous decades. In addition to smoking and drugs, currently unidentified environmental factors may have a role. The aim of this study was to determine whether specific dietary or other lifestyle factors were associated with the development of MC. Subject/Methods: The population-based cohort Malmö Diet and Cancer Study of 28 095 individuals was examined. Information about dietary habits was collected by a modified diet history method. Data on anthropometry were measured, and socio-economic and lifestyle factors were collected by questionnaires. Cases of MC were identified in medical registers. Associations were estimated using Cox regression analysis. Results: During a 22-year period, 135 patients were diagnosed with MC. Intakes of protein, carbohydrates, sucrose, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids, fibre and zinc were not associated with MC. We could verify the previously reported association between MC and smoking (hazard ratio (HR): 2.29; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.66–3.84) and the female gender (HR: 3.57; 95% CI: 2.22–5.74). High alcohol consumption was associated with an increased risk for MC (HR: 1.89 for the highest quartile; 95% CI: 0.82–4.33, P for trend=0.032). In a post hoc analysis, alcohol intake including all patients independently of consumption seemed to reduce the smoking-related risk. Conclusions: Despite a large cohort and a long follow-up period, we could not detect any dietary risk factors for MC. The aetiological mechanisms behind the positive impact of smoking and alcohol on MC risk should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Larsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Malmö, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - E Sonestedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease-Genetic Epidemiology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - B Ohlsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Division of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - J Manjer
- The Malmö Diet and Cancer Study, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - K Sjöberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Malmö, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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30
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Bosevski M, Stojanovska L, Apostolopoulos V. Inflammatory biomarkers: impact for diabetes and diabetic vascular disease. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2015; 47:1029-31. [PMID: 26511092 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lily Stojanovska
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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31
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Apostolopoulos V, de Courten MPJ, Stojanovska L, Blatch GL, Tangalakis K, de Courten B. The complex immunological and inflammatory network of adipose tissue in obesity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 60:43-57. [PMID: 26331761 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A number of approaches have been utilized in the prevention, management, and treatment of obesity, including, surgery, medication, diet, exercise, and overall lifestyle changes. Despite these interventions, the prevalence of obesity and the various disorders related to it is growing. In obesity, there is a constant state of chronic low-grade inflammation which is characterized by activation and infiltration of pro-inflammatory immune cells and a dysregulated production of high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This pro-inflammatory milieu contributes to insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and other related co-morbidities. The roles of the innate (macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells, NK cells, MAIT cells) and the adaptive (CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, regulatory T cells, and B cells) immune responses and the roles of adipokines and cytokines in adipose tissue inflammation and obesity are discussed. An understanding of the crosstalk between the immune system and adipocytes may shed light in better treatment modalities for obesity and obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Lily Stojanovska
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, VIC, Australia
| | - Gregory L Blatch
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, VIC, Australia
| | - Kathy Tangalakis
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, VIC, Australia
| | - Barbora de Courten
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and preventative Medicine, Monash University, VIC, Australia.,Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Unit, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Calik MW, Shankarappa SA, Langert KA, Stubbs EB. Forced Exercise Preconditioning Attenuates Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis by Altering Th1 Lymphocyte Composition and Egress. ASN Neuro 2015; 7:7/4/1759091415595726. [PMID: 26186926 PMCID: PMC4550317 DOI: 10.1177/1759091415595726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A short-term exposure to moderately intense physical exercise affords a novel measure of protection against autoimmune-mediated peripheral nerve injury. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which forced exercise attenuates the development and progression of experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN), an established animal model of Guillain–Barré syndrome. Adult male Lewis rats remained sedentary (control) or were preconditioned with forced exercise (1.2 km/day × 3 weeks) prior to P2-antigen induction of EAN. Sedentary rats developed a monophasic course of EAN beginning on postimmunization day 12.3 ± 0.2 and reaching peak severity on day 17.0 ± 0.3 (N = 12). By comparison, forced-exercise preconditioned rats exhibited a similar monophasic course but with significant (p < .05) reduction of disease severity. Analysis of popliteal lymph nodes revealed a protective effect of exercise preconditioning on leukocyte composition and egress. Compared with sedentary controls, forced exercise preconditioning promoted a sustained twofold retention of P2-antigen responsive leukocytes. The percentage distribution of pro-inflammatory (Th1) lymphocytes retained in the nodes from sedentary EAN rats (5.1 ± 0.9%) was significantly greater than that present in nodes from forced-exercise preconditioned EAN rats (2.9 ± 0.6%) or from adjuvant controls (2.0 ± 0.3%). In contrast, the percentage of anti-inflammatory (Th2) lymphocytes (7–10%) and that of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (∼20%) remained unaltered by forced exercise preconditioning. These data do not support an exercise-inducible shift in Th1:Th2 cell bias. Rather, preconditioning with forced exercise elicits a sustained attenuation of EAN severity, in part, by altering the composition and egress of autoreactive proinflammatory (Th1) lymphocytes from draining lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Calik
- Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep and Health Research, Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sahadev A Shankarappa
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA Program in Neuroscience, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA Center for Nanoscience and Molecular Medicine, Amrita institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Kelly A Langert
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA Program in Neuroscience, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Evan B Stubbs
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA Program in Neuroscience, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA Department of Ophthalmology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
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Realdon S, Antonello A, Arcidiacono D, Dassie E, Cavallin F, Fassan M, Nardi MT, Alberti A, Rugge M, Battaglia G. Adherence to WCRF/AICR lifestyle recommendations for cancer prevention and the risk of Barrett's esophagus onset and evolution to esophageal adenocarcinoma: results from a pilot study in a high-risk population. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:1563-71. [PMID: 26155779 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0975-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE While adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) guidelines on lifestyle and cancer was recently proven to be associated with an increased risk of esophageal cancer, no investigation has yet been carried out on its role on Barrett's esophagus (BE) development and its progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the role of adherence to WCRF lifestyle recommendations in BE onset and progression. The secondary aim was to investigate the association between disease progression and specific aspects of diet and lifestyle. METHODS Established risk factors for BE and EAC development and adherence to WCRF guidelines were assessed in 107 consecutive patients undergoing an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for symptoms suggesting gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) and a suspected diagnosis of BE/dysplasia on BE. Patients were divided according to histology: those with GERD without metaplasia, with non-dysplastic BE, with low-grade dysplasia, with high-grade dysplasia or with early EAC. The four groups were expressed as an ordered categorical variable of disease progression. An ordered logit model was estimated to identify the independent predictors of disease progression. RESULTS Adherence to WCRF guidelines was identified as independent protective factor (OR 0.51, 95 % CI 0.37-0.67) of disease progression. Disease progression was associated with reduced adherence to guidelines on physical activity (from 48.2 to 5.3 %, p = 0.001), sedentary habits (from 33.3 to 0 %, p = 0.03), fruit consumption (from 37.0 to 5.6 %, p = 0.02) and processed meat consumption (from 51.9 to 10.5 %, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Adherence to WCRF guidelines has a protective factor in BE onset and its evolution to EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Realdon
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - I.R.C.S.S., Via Gattamelata 64, 35128, Padua, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Antonello
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - I.R.C.S.S., Via Gattamelata 64, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Diletta Arcidiacono
- Venetian Institute for Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Dassie
- Venetian Institute for Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Cavallin
- Oncological Surgery Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - I.R.C.S.S., Via Gattamelata 64, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Nardi
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - I.R.C.S.S., Via Gattamelata 64, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Alfredo Alberti
- Venetian Institute for Molecular Medicine, Via Orus 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Massimo Rugge
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Giorgio Battaglia
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - I.R.C.S.S., Via Gattamelata 64, 35128, Padua, Italy
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