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Carreiras D, Castilho P, Cunha M. Does self-compassion protect adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury from developing borderline features? A two-wave longitudinal study. J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38638074 DOI: 10.2989/17280583.2023.2289607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Background: Adolescence is a vulnerable developmental stage for the onset of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and borderline features, which are related psychological phenomena. Self-compassion reflects a sensitivity to own suffering and a motivation to relieve it, consisting of a more positive and beneficial self-to-self relationship. The aim of the present study was to test the effect of self-compassion between borderline features at baseline and six months with a sample of adolescents with a history of NSSI.Methods: At assessment wave one, participants were 139 Portuguese adolescents with an NSSI history (mean age = 15.52 years, SD = 0.87). Of these, 87 were re-assessed six months later (mean age = 15.46 years, SD = 0.86). Data were analysed through SPSS and PROCESS Macro.Results: The moderation model explained 56% of borderline features six months later, and the interaction between initial borderline features and the low and medium levels of self-compassion was significant. Youth with lower initial borderline features presented higher borderline features six months later if they had low self-compassion.Conclusions: These findings suggest that among adolescents with a history of NSSI, those with lower levels of self-compassion tend to exhibit higher borderline features in six-month when compared to their peers with higher levels of self-compassion. This observation emphasises the potential beneficial effect of self-compassion within this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Carreiras
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Intervention, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula Castilho
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Intervention, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marina Cunha
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Intervention, University Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Coimbra, Portugal
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2
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Toribio-Vázquez C, Yebes Á, Quesada-Olarte J, Rodriguez A, Alonso-Bartolomé M, Ayllon H, Martinez-Piñeiro L. Genital Mutilation in Males. Curr Urol Rep 2023; 24:121-126. [PMID: 36401111 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-022-01129-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Genital mutilation in males can range from minor injuries (cuts from a blade) to severe urological emergencies (testicular or penile amputation). Due to the rarity of these events, there is a lack of extensive reports, as most of the available literature is regarding single cases. Genital mutilation has been associated with psychotic and non-psychotic causes, psychiatric conditions, drug consumption, sexual practices, or even cultural or religious beliefs. It is crucial to perform a psychiatric evaluation of these patients to obtain the best therapeutic approach. This manuscript serves as a review of the currently available knowledge regarding male genital mutilation. RECENT FINDINGS A great variety of reasons have been associated with genital mutilation. Previous authors have distinguished between those that present with a clear mental health precursor from cases with no psychotic background. Nevertheless, sometimes, it is difficult to make this distinction. Recently, reconstructive techniques for amputation cases have moved towards a microsurgical approach in order to improve outcomes. A holistic therapeutic approach must be performed to increase the chances of effective treatment. Close collaboration between urologists, psychiatrists, and emergency doctors is essential to ensure the best care for patients performing genital mutilation. Future publications must evaluate differences in treatment options and the impact that these have on the long-term well-being of patients undergoing genital self-mutilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Toribio-Vázquez
- Urology department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de La Castellana 261, Madrid, 28046, Spain.
| | - Álvaro Yebes
- Urology department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de La Castellana 261, Madrid, 28046, Spain
| | - José Quesada-Olarte
- Department of Urology, Rush University Medical Center, 1725 W Harrison St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Andrea Rodriguez
- Urology department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de La Castellana 261, Madrid, 28046, Spain
| | - María Alonso-Bartolomé
- Urology department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de La Castellana 261, Madrid, 28046, Spain
| | - Héctor Ayllon
- Urology department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de La Castellana 261, Madrid, 28046, Spain
| | - Luis Martinez-Piñeiro
- Urology department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de La Castellana 261, Madrid, 28046, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IDiPaz), Calle de Pedro Rico, 6, Madrid, 28029, Spain
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3
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Suicidal Behaviour, including Ideation and Self-Harm, in Young Migrants: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148329. [PMID: 35886183 PMCID: PMC9318121 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Young people experience high rates of suicidal ideation, self-harm, suicide attempt and death due to suicide. As a result of increasing globalisation, young people are increasingly mobile and can migrate from one country to another seeking educational and employment opportunities. With a growing number of young migrants, it is important to understand the prevalence of suicidal behaviour among this population group. We systematically searched Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO from inception until 31 March 2022. Eligible studies were those providing data on suicidal ideation, self-harm, suicide attempt, and death due to suicide. Seventeen studies were included in the review, some of which provided data on multiple outcomes of interest. Twelve studies provided data on suicidal ideation, five provided data on self-harm, eight provided data on suicide attempt, and one study had data on suicide death among young migrants. The quality of the included studies was varied and limited. The studies included in this review commonly reported that young migrants experience higher rates of self-harm and suicide attempt, but no major differences in suicidal ideation and suicide death compared to non-migrant young people. However, the limited number of studies focused on suicidal behaviour among young migrants highlights the need for further high-quality studies to capture accurate information. This will enable the development of policies and interventions that reduce the risk of suicidal behaviour among young migrants.
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Lan Z, Pau K, Md Yusof H, Huang X. The Effect of Emotion Regulation on Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Among Adolescents: The Mediating Roles of Sleep, Exercise, and Social Support. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:1451-1463. [PMID: 35698565 PMCID: PMC9188465 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s363433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the relationship between adolescents’ emotion regulation ability and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behavior and the role of sleep, exercise, and social support in this relationship. Methods A total of 2573 adolescents were investigated with the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Scale, the Social Support Scale for Children and Adolescents, the Ottawa Self-Injury Questionnaire, and the Self-Made Living Condition Questionnaire, and path analysis was conducted based on the structural equation model (SEM). Results 1) There was a significant correlation between emotion regulation ability and NSSI behavior; 2) sleep and social support played a mediating role between emotion regulation ability and NSSI behavior; and 3) sleep modulated the direct effect of negative emotion regulation ability on NSSI, while exercise modulated the direct effect of positive emotion regulation ability on NSSI, which indicated that sleep and exercise could effectively alleviate NSSI behavior caused by the lack of emotion regulation in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhensong Lan
- School of Public Administrations, Hechi University, Hechi, Guangxi, 546300, People’s Republic of China
- National Child Development Research Centre, Sultan Idris Education University, Tanjong Malim Perak, 35900, Malaysia
| | - Kee Pau
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, Faculty of Human Development, Sultan Idris Education University, Tanjong Malim Perak, 35900, Malaysia
- Correspondence: Kee Pau, Director of Counseling Center, Bangunan Bitarasiswa, Tingkat Bawah, Kampus Sultan Abdul Jalil Shah Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjong Malim Perak, 35900, Malaysia, Tel +60 167228023, Email
| | - Hapsah Md Yusof
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, Faculty of Human Development, Sultan Idris Education University, Tanjong Malim Perak, 35900, Malaysia
| | - Xuefang Huang
- College of Humanities & Social Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Skaggs K, Nelson D, Luu M, Lightdale-Miric N. The Musculoskeletal Care of Children Who Self-Harm. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2022; 104:e21. [PMID: 35122683 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.21.00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kira Skaggs
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Danielle Nelson
- Children's Orthopaedic Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Minnelly Luu
- Children's Orthopaedic Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nina Lightdale-Miric
- Children's Orthopaedic Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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6
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Zhou J, Zhang J, Huang Y, Zhao J, Xiao Y, Zhang S, Li Y, Zhao T, Ma J, Ou N, Wang S, Ou Q, Luo J. Associations between coping styles, gender, their interaction and non-suicidal self-injury among middle school students in rural west China: A multicentre cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:861917. [PMID: 36016979 PMCID: PMC9395723 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.861917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the association between coping styles, gender, their interactions and non-suicidal self-injurious (NSSI) behaviors among middle school students in rural western China under COVID-19. METHODS A multicentre cross-sectional study method was used to conduct an online survey of 8,361 students from 23 middle schools in the northern Sichuan region by clustering sampling, using the General Information Questionnaire, the Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory, and the Coping Style Scale for Middle School Students. RESULTS The past year prevalence of NSSI among middle school students in rural west China was 5.7%. The differences in scores between those with and without NSSI on all dimensions of coping styles were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that vocational high school (OR = 1.67), girls (OR = 2.5), single parent with divorced parents (OR = 1.89), remarriage with divorced parents (OR = 1.81), and tolerance (OR = 1.17), venting emotions (OR = 1.15) and fantasy/denial (OR = 1.07) in coping styles may increase the risk of NSSI among middle school students, while problem solving (OR = 0.9) and seeking social support (OR = 0.9) among coping styles may reduce the risk of NSSI among middle school students. The interaction results show that gender has a moderating role in the process of endurance, avoidance, venting of emotions, and fantasy/denial influencing non-suicidal self-injury in middle school students. CONCLUSION There is an association between coping styles and self-injury among middle school students in rural areas in western China, with gender playing a moderating role. Active attention should be paid to students' coping styles and encouraging them to adopt positive coping styles as well as avoid negative coping styles, especially in the case of girls, which can help prevent self-injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Zhou
- School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Jiazhu Zhang
- Nanyang Centre for Public Administration, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yilin Huang
- School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Jiayu Zhao
- School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yun Xiao
- School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Shibei Zhang
- School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yanfeng Li
- School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Jinyu Ma
- School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Nanbing Ou
- School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Qing Ou
- School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Jiaming Luo
- School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.,Nanchong Psychosomatic Hospital, Nanchong, China
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Sinha D, Srivastava S, Mishra PS, Kumar P. Predictors of deliberate self-harm among adolescents: Answers from a cross-sectional study on India. BMC Psychol 2021; 9:197. [PMID: 34922635 PMCID: PMC8684608 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00705-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although existing research supports the correlation of hereditary and psychological factors with an adolescent's deliberate self-harm, there is a dearth of research that focus on their socio-economic characteristics. This paper intends to identity the potential risk factors that influence an adolescent's deliberate self-harm. METHODS Data for this study was obtained from Understanding the Lives of Adolescents and Young Adults (UDAYA) study conducted in 2015-16 with sample of 5,969 adolescent boys and 9,419 girls aged 10-19 years. The outcome variable was deliberate self-harm among adolescents. The explanatory variables added in the study were age, current schooling status, working status, media exposure, access to internet, parental abuse, involvement in fights, substance use, depressive symptoms, caste, religion, wealth index, residence and states. Bivariate analysis along with binary logistic regression analysis was done to fulfill the study objectives. RESULTS About 4.5% and 3.2% of adolescent boys and girls, respectively had deliberate self-harm. The odds of deliberate self-harm were 50 per cent more likely among adolescent girls who had internet access [OR 1.50; CI 1.05-2.16]. The likelihood of deliberate self-harm was 49 per cent and 61 per cent significantly more likely among adolescent boys [OR 1.49; CI 1.11-2.0] and girls [OR 1.61; CI 1.27-2.04] who experienced parental physical abuse respectively. With reference to minimal/mild depressive symptoms, adolescents who had moderate [boys-OR 2.10; CI 1.29-3.4 and girls-OR 2.50; CI 1.774-3.59] or moderately high/severe [boys-OR 4.58; CI 2.88-7.29 and girls-OR 4.18; CI 3.1-5.63] depressive symptoms had significantly higher odds of deliberate self-harm. CONCLUSIONS Internet access, parental abuse, involvement in fights, and depressive symptoms emerged as significant predictors of deliberate self-harm among adolescent boys and girls. Results suggest that an early identification of the predictors and intervention might prevent deliberate self-harm among adolescents. Since parents play a major role in the lives and development of adolescents, it is highly recommended that they initiate open and supportive communication with their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashree Sinha
- Department of Development Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400088 India
| | - Shobhit Srivastava
- Department of Research and Innovation, MAMTA Health Institute for Mother and Child, New Delhi, New Delhi 110048 India
| | - Prem Shankar Mishra
- Department of Population Research Centre, Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560072 India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Population Council India Office, New Delhi, 110003 India
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8
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Uh S, Dalmaijer ES, Siugzdaite R, Ford TJ, Astle DE. Two Pathways to Self-Harm in Adolescence. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 60:1491-1500. [PMID: 34130904 PMCID: PMC8661039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The behavioral and emotional profiles underlying adolescent self-harm, and its developmental risk factors, are relatively unknown. We aimed to identify subgroups of young people who self-harm (YPSH) and longitudinal risk factors leading to self-harm. METHOD Participants were from the Millennium Cohort Study (N = 10,827). A clustering algorithm was used to identify subgroups who self-harmed with different behavioral and emotional profiles at age 14 years. We then traced the profiles back in time (ages 5-14 years) and used feature selection analyses to identify concurrent correlates and longitudinal risk factors of self-harming behavior. RESULTS There were 2 distinct subgroups at age 14 years: a smaller group (n = 379) who reported a long history of psychopathology, and a second, much larger group (n = 905) without. Notably, both groups could be predicted almost a decade before the reported self-harm. They were similarly characterized by sleep problems and low self-esteem, but there was developmental differentiation. From an early age, the first group had poorer emotion regulation, were bullied, and their caregivers faced emotional challenges. The second group showed less consistency in early childhood, but later reported more willingness to take risks and less security with peers/family. CONCLUSION Our results uncover 2 distinct pathways to self-harm: a "psychopathology" pathway, associated with early and persistent emotional difficulties and bullying; and an "adolescent risky behavior" pathway, whereby risk taking and external challenges emerge later into adolescence and are associated with self-harm. At least one of these pathways has a long developmental history, providing an extended window for interventions as well as potential improvements in the identification of children at risk, biopsychosocial causes, and treatment or prevention of self-harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepheni Uh
- Ms. Uh and Drs. Dalmaijer, Siugzdaite, and Astle are with MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Edwin S Dalmaijer
- Ms. Uh and Drs. Dalmaijer, Siugzdaite, and Astle are with MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Roma Siugzdaite
- Ms. Uh and Drs. Dalmaijer, Siugzdaite, and Astle are with MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tamsin J Ford
- Dr. Ford is with the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan E Astle
- Ms. Uh and Drs. Dalmaijer, Siugzdaite, and Astle are with MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Lupu S, Bratu OG, Tit DM, Bungau S, Maghiar O, Maghiar TA, Scarneciu CC, Scarneciu I. Genital self-mutilation: A challenging pathology (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1130. [PMID: 34504580 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Genital self-mutilation is a pathology that leads to numerous and important discussions, rarely presented in the medical literature. There have been many attempts to explain the reasons behind these medical phenomena, but single cases have been generally reported, making it extremely difficult to draw valid conclusions. It is acknowledged that there are psychotic and non-psychotic causes, from psychiatric problems and sexual identity disorders to cultural or religious reasons, alcohol or recreational drug consumption, unconventional types of sexual satisfaction or self-satisfaction. Recent theories consider self-mutilation as a phenomenon of reducing distress or tension, as an expression of feelings of anger or sorrow. It is believed that 55-85% of those who have resorted to self-mutilation have at least once in their life tried to commit suicide. There is evidence that early discovery and intervention as well as proper treatment in regards to psychosis can significantly reduce the number of self-mutilation episodes, with a protective role of these individuals. Cases of genital self-mutilation may be considered real medical emergencies, sometimes extremely challenging and accompanied by severe complications. Injury of the genital area is usually accompanied by numerous early or long-term complications due to the marked vascular area and to the microbial flora present in this part of the body. The degree of mutilation is an unforeseen aspect that the medical staff may have to encounter during the intervention, sometimes testing their imagination and surgical skills when dealing with such a case. Understanding the causes of these self-aggressive behaviors, which may be life-threatening, is critical and multidisciplinary mobilization is needed after treatment of the acute phases. The outcome of these patients depends on integrated collaborative work. These cases represent a serious reason for frustration for the physicians involved in solving them, and knowledge of these issues is valuable to urologists, psychiatrists and other health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorin Lupu
- Clinic of Urology, Brasov Emergency Clinical County Hospital, Brasov 500326, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Gabriel Bratu
- Clinical Department 3, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Delia Mirela Tit
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 3700 Oradea, Romania
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 3700 Oradea, Romania
| | - Octavian Maghiar
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 3700 Oradea, Romania
| | - Teodor Andrei Maghiar
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 3700 Oradea, Romania
| | - Camelia C Scarneciu
- Department of Fundamental, Prophylactic and Clinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, 'Transilvania' University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania
| | - Ioan Scarneciu
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine, 'Transilvania' University of Brasov, 500019 Brasov, Romania
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Esteves M, Moreira PS, Sousa N, Leite-Almeida H. Assessing Impulsivity in Humans and Rodents: Taking the Translational Road. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:647922. [PMID: 34025369 PMCID: PMC8134540 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.647922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Impulsivity is a multidimensional construct encompassing domains of behavioral inhibition as well as of decision making. It is often adaptive and associated with fast responses, being in that sense physiological. However, abnormal manifestations of impulsive behavior can be observed in contexts of drug abuse and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), among others. A number of tools have therefore been devised to assess the different facets of impulsivity in both normal and pathological contexts. In this narrative review, we systematize behavioral and self-reported measures of impulsivity and critically discuss their constructs and limitations, establishing a parallel between assessments in humans and rodents. The first rely on paradigms that are typically designed to assess a specific dimension of impulsivity, within either impulsive action (inability to suppress a prepotent action) or impulsive choice, which implies a decision that weighs the costs and benefits of the options. On the other hand, self-reported measures are performed through questionnaires, allowing assessment of impulsivity dimensions that would be difficult to mimic in an experimental setting (e.g., positive/negative urgency and lack of premeditation) and which are therefore difficult (if not impossible) to measure in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Esteves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro Silva Moreira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal.,Psychological Neuroscience Lab, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Hugo Leite-Almeida
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
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11
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Kumar P, Patel V, Bhatt R, Raja H, Tiwari D, Vasavada D. Suicidal thoughts, suicidal attempts, and nonsuicidal self-injury among undergraduate health professionals. ARCHIVES OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/amhs.amhs_321_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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12
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The Correlation between Oral Self-Harm and Ethnicity in Institutionalized Children. CHILDREN-BASEL 2020; 8:children8010002. [PMID: 33374663 PMCID: PMC7822475 DOI: 10.3390/children8010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Oral self-harm was described in institutionalized children who share a lack of emotional attention; frequently these children experience feelings such as neglect, loneliness, isolation or lack of connection with the world. The aim of our paper was to conduct a cross-sectional study in order to assess the prevalence of this behavior and its correlation with ethnicity among children from three institutions located in the central part of Romania. We examined 116 children from three ethnic groups, Romanians, Hungarians and local Roma population aged between 10–14 years old. The oral soft tissues were evaluated by one dentist who recorded the lesions of lips, buccal mucosa, commissures and tongue; data were statistically analyzed at a level of significance of p < 0.05. We found oral self-harm lesions in 18.1% participants, with statistically significant higher odds in girls (p = 0.03). The results showed an association between ethnicity and the development of these lesions (Chi-square p = 0.04). The most frequent lesions were located at oral commissures (35.48%), buccal mucosa (29.03%) and upper lip (19.36%). Oral self-harm lesions have a high incidence among institutionalized children in Romania. Identification of these cases in early stages is important, as these conditions are known to be aggravated during adolescence and adulthood.
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13
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Rukundo GZ, Mpango RS, Ssembajjwe W, Gadow KD, Patel V, Kinyanda E. Prevalence and risk factors for youth suicidality among perinatally infected youths living with HIV/AIDS in Uganda: the CHAKA study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2020; 14:41. [PMID: 33110444 PMCID: PMC7585678 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-020-00348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research from high income countries indicates that suicide is a major mental health care concern and a leading cause of preventable deaths among children and adolescents. Proper assessment and management of youth suicidality is crucial in suicide prevention, but little is known about its prevalence and associated risk factors in Sub-Saharan Africa. In low income countries there is an increased risk of suicide among persons with HIV/AIDS even in the presence of the highly active antiretroviral therapy. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for youth suicidality among perinatally infected youth living with HIV/AIDS in Uganda. METHODS We studied 392 HIV positive children (5-11 years) and adolescents (12-17 years) and their caregivers in Kampala and Masaka districts. Caregivers were administered the suicide assessment section of the MINI International Psychiatric Interview. Socio-demographic characteristics, psychiatric diagnoses, and psychosocial and clinical factors were assessed and suicidality (suicidal ideation and or suicidal attempt) was the outcome variable. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios adjusting for study site and sex at 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Caregivers reported a suicidality rate of 10.7% (CI 8-14.1) in the past one month with higher rates among urban female (12.4%, CI 8.6-17.7) than male (8.7%, CI 5.4-13.8) youth. Lifetime prevalence of attempted suicide was 2.3% (n = 9, CI 1.2-4.4) with the highest rates among urban female youth. Among children, caregivers reported a lifetime prevalence of attempted suicide of 1.5%. The self-reported rate of attempted suicide in the past month was 1.8% (n = 7, CI 0.8-3.7) with lifetime prevalence of 2.8% (n = 11, CI 1.6-5.0). The most common methods used during suicide attempts were cutting, taking overdose of HIV medications, use of organophosphates, hanging, stabbing and self-starvation. Clinical correlates of suicidality were low socioeconomic status (OR = 2.27, CI 1.06-4.87, p = 0.04), HIV felt stigma (OR = 2.10, CI 1.04-3.00, p = 0.02), and major depressive disorder (OR = 1.80, CI 0.48-2.10, p = 0.04). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder was protective against suicidality (OR = 0.41, CI 0.18-0.92, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION The one-month prevalence of suicidality among CA-HIV was 10.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godfrey Zari Rukundo
- grid.33440.300000 0001 0232 6272Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Richard Stephen Mpango
- grid.33440.300000 0001 0232 6272Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda ,MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Mental Health Project, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Wilber Ssembajjwe
- Statistical Section, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Kenneth D. Gadow
- grid.36425.360000 0001 2216 9681Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Vikram Patel
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDepartment of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eugene Kinyanda
- MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Mental Health Project, Entebbe, Uganda
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Halicka-Masłowska J, Szewczuk-Bogusławska M, Rymaszewska J, Adamska A, Misiak B. From Emotional Intelligence to Self-Injuries: A Path Analysis in Adolescents With Conduct Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:556278. [PMID: 33488414 PMCID: PMC7819897 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.556278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Self-harm acts are highly prevalent among adolescents with conduct disorder. It has been shown that low level of emotional intelligence (EI) might be related to a higher risk of self-injuries. However, the exact mechanisms underlying this association are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore whether psychopathological symptoms and selected psychological processes mediate the association between EI and self-harm risk in adolescents with conduct disorders. Method: Out of 162 adolescents with conduct disorder approached for participation, 136 individuals (aged 14.8 ± 1.2 years, 56.6% females) were enrolled and completed the questionnaires evaluating the level of EI, depression, anxiety, impulsiveness, empathy, venturesomeness, self-esteem, and disgust. Results: Individuals with a lifetime history of self-injuries had significantly higher levels of depression, anxiety and impulsivity as well as significantly lower levels of EI and self-esteem. Higher levels of EI were associated with significantly higher levels of self-esteem, venturesomeness and empathy as well as significantly lower levels of depression, anxiety and impulsivity. Further analysis revealed that trait and state anxiety as well as self-esteem were complete mediators of the association between EI and self-harm risk. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that anxiety and self-esteem might mediate the association between EI and a risk of self-injuries in adolescents with conduct disorder. However, a cross-sectional design of this study limits conclusions on the direction of causality. Longitudinal studies are needed to test validity of our model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Agnieszka Adamska
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Tian X, Chang W, Meng Q, Chen Y, Yu Z, He L, Xiao Y. Resilience and self-harm among left-behind children in Yunnan, China: a community-based survey. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1728. [PMID: 31870359 PMCID: PMC6929398 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-8075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-harm (SH) behaviors are established risk factors of suicide, however, in Chinese left-behind children (LBC), SH remains severely under-discussed. In this study, we aimed to investigate SH and explore its association between resilience in a large group of LBC. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study of 2898 LBC was conducted in Yunnan province, China. Information was collected by self-reporting questionnaires. Descriptive analysis was used to depict and compare characteristics of the subjects. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were applied to estimate the associations between resilience and SH prevalence, SH severity, SH repetition. RESULTS The prevalence of SH in LBC was 48.8% (95%CI: 47.0-49.7%). Compared to LBC with lower level of resilience, a higher level of resilience was related to 0.40 folds of SH odds (95%CI: 0.34-0.48). Besides, among all dimensions of resilience, every 1 average score increase of emotion regulation and family support were associated with 0.13 (95%CI: 0.04-0.37) and 0.14 (95%CI: 0.04-0.47) folds of odds in severer SH, respectively; one unit increase in the average score of emotion regulation was related to an OR of 0.23 (95%CI: 0.07-0.71) for repeated SH. CONCLUSIONS Psychological resilience presented protective effect on SH in LBC, especially the dimensions of emotion regulation and family support. Intervention measures focusing on enhancing emotion regulation ability and building parent-child connection could be considered in order to reduce SH and suicidal risk in LBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.,The First Affiliated School of Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei Chang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiong Meng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Limei He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China. .,Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Yamamotová A, Hrabák P, Hříbek P, Rokyta R. Do multiple body modifications alter pain threshold? Physiol Res 2018; 66:S493-S500. [PMID: 29355376 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, epidemiological data has shown an increasing number of young people who deliberately self-injure. There have also been parallel increases in the number of people with tattoos and those who voluntarily undergo painful procedures associated with piercing, scarification, and tattooing. People with self-injury behaviors often say that they do not feel the pain. However, there is no information regarding pain perception in those that visit tattoo parlors and piercing studios compared to those who don't. The aim of this study was to compare nociceptive sensitivity in four groups of subjects (n=105, mean age 26 years, 48 women and 57 men) with different motivations to experience pain (i.e., with and without multiple body modifications) in two different situations; (1) in controlled, emotionally neutral conditions, and (2) at a "Hell Party" (HP), an event organized by a piercing and tattoo parlor, with a main event featuring a public demonstration of painful techniques (burn scars, hanging on hooks, etc.). Pain thresholds of the fingers of the hand were measured using a thermal stimulator and mechanical algometer. In HP participants, information about alcohol intake, self-harming behavior, and psychiatric history were used in the analysis as intervening variables. Individuals with body modifications as well as without body modifications had higher thermal pain thresholds at Hell Party, compared to thresholds measured at control neutral conditions. No such differences were found relative to mechanical pain thresholds. Increased pain threshold in all HP participants, irrespectively of body modification, cannot be simply explained by a decrease in the sensory component of pain; instead, we found that the environment significantly influenced the cognitive and affective component of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yamamotová
- Department of Normal, Pathological and Clinical Physiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Guertler A, Reinholz M, Poetschke J, Steckmeier S, Schwaiger H, Gauglitz GG. Objective evaluation of the efficacy of a non-ablative fractional 1565 nm laser for the treatment of deliberate self-harm scars. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 33:241-250. [PMID: 29080008 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2348-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Scars resulting from deliberate self-harm (DSH) represent therapeutically challenging forms of scarring due to their highly variable patterns, with no official therapeutic guidelines available. In this pilot study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a non-ablative fractional Er:glass 1565 nm laser, as a potential new, minimal-invasive approach for the improvement of DSH scars. Sixteen Caucasians suffering from mature DSH scars were included in this clinical study. Patients received a total of three treatments using a non-ablative fractional 1565 nm Er:glass laser every 4 weeks, employing two passes (300 μbeams/cm2, 40 mJ, onto the scar; 150 μbeams/cm2, 50 mJ, overall area). Measurements included questionnaires (DLQI, POSAS), digital photography, and objective three-dimensional analysis using PRIMOS and VECTRA software at baseline, 1 and 6 months after treatment. PRIMOS objective measurements showed highly significant changes in scar surface with a reduction of atrophic lesions by 27.5% at 6 months follow-up (FU), a decrease in scar height by 42.7% at 6 months FU, resulting in an overall diminished skin irregularity dropping from 678.3 μm at baseline to 441.6 μm throughout the course of the study (p = <0.001 respectively). Improvements in objective measurements were supported by clinical evaluation of scar parameters and showed a strong correlation with enhanced life quality of treated patients. Procedures were well-tolerated, with no lasting negative side effects and little to no downtime. The use of a fractional non-ablative 1565 nm Er:glass laser represents a promising and safe approach for the therapy of DSH scars. Although these scars will never fully resolve, their appearance can be significantly improved to a cosmetically and socially more acceptable appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Guertler
- Clinic of Dermatology and Allergy, Department for Aesthetic Dermatology and Laser Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Frauenlobstr. 9-11, 80337, Munich, Germany.
| | - Markus Reinholz
- Clinic of Dermatology and Allergy, Department for Aesthetic Dermatology and Laser Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Frauenlobstr. 9-11, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Poetschke
- Department for Plastic and Handsurgery, Regional Burn Center, Klinikum St. Georg, 04129, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephanie Steckmeier
- Clinic of Dermatology and Allergy, Department for Aesthetic Dermatology and Laser Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Frauenlobstr. 9-11, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Hannah Schwaiger
- Clinic of Dermatology and Allergy, Department for Aesthetic Dermatology and Laser Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Frauenlobstr. 9-11, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerd G Gauglitz
- Clinic of Dermatology and Allergy, Department for Aesthetic Dermatology and Laser Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University, Frauenlobstr. 9-11, 80337, Munich, Germany
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Klemera E, Brooks FM, Chester KL, Magnusson J, Spencer N. Self-harm in adolescence: protective health assets in the family, school and community. Int J Public Health 2016; 62:631-638. [PMID: 27658811 PMCID: PMC5487889 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-016-0900-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this paper was to examine if the multiple environments of the adolescent including family, peers, school and neighbourhood might function as protective health assets against self-harming behaviour during adolescence. Methods The present study utilised data collected from 1608 respondents aged 15 years as part of the England WHO Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) Study. Multilevel modelling was undertaken using the package MLwiN (version 2.33) to investigate the potential domains and dimensions of family life, school culture and environment, and neighbourhood factors that may operate as protective health assets. Results The results indicated that while peer support did not appear to operate as a protective health asset in the context of self-harm, key dimensions of adolescent/parent interaction and adolescent experience of the school culture and their neighbourhood were associated with reduced likelihood of self-harming behaviours during adolescence. Conclusions The Findings highlight the significance of belonging and connectedness as important constituent elements of protective health assets for young people. Interventions that address the multiple environments of the young person, may offer an effective means to reduce the levels of self-harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Klemera
- The Centre for Research in Primary and Community Care (CRIPACC), University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus, Hatfield, AL10 9AL Hertfordshire UK
| | - Fiona M. Brooks
- The Centre for Research in Primary and Community Care (CRIPACC), University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus, Hatfield, AL10 9AL Hertfordshire UK
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123 Broadway, Sydney NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kayleigh L. Chester
- The Centre for Research in Primary and Community Care (CRIPACC), University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus, Hatfield, AL10 9AL Hertfordshire UK
| | - Josefine Magnusson
- The Centre for Research in Primary and Community Care (CRIPACC), University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus, Hatfield, AL10 9AL Hertfordshire UK
| | - Neil Spencer
- Statistical Services and Consultancy Unit, Hertfordshire Business School, University of Hertfordshire, de Havilland Campus, Hatfield, AL10 9EU Hertfordshire UK
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Rafi Bazrafshan M, Sharif F, Molazem Z, Mani A. The Effect of Paternal Addiction on Adolescent Suicide Attempts: A Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH RISK BEHAVIORS & ADDICTION 2016; 5:e22588. [PMID: 27818961 PMCID: PMC5086406 DOI: 10.5812/ijhrba.22588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Research shows that parents have an immense influence over their children’s behavior during adolescence. Adolescents who grow up with parents who are addicted to drugs and alcohol are more likely to turn to self-destructive behaviors such as suicide attempts. Because addiction in Iran is a primarily masculine phenomenon and in traditional Iranian culture, the father is responsible for family affairs and is recognized as the family provider, paternal addiction affects adolescent children. However, the impact of this type of parental addiction on adolescent suicide attempts has received little attention. Objectives This study was conducted to assess the impact of paternal addiction on adolescent suicide attempts. Patients and Methods This was a qualitative study that used a grounded theory approach. Thirteen participants, from two hospitals in Shiraz (southern Iran), were interviewed. We used purposeful sampling, followed by theoretical sampling. Data were collected from in-depth semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was done using Strauss and Corbin’s (1998) approach, followed by the constant comparative method. Results The mean age of the adolescents was 15.75 ± 1.83, and all of them were single. Five main themes were extracted from the data: mental health problems, relationship problems, financial problems, family problems, and imitation of risky behaviors. Conclusions The findings suggest that in addition to the need to consider paternal addiction in health care plans, it is also necessary to pay attention to other family members, including the adolescents themselves. Health care providers, including nurses, can use the findings from this study for the purposes of prevention and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rafi Bazrafshan
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Sharif
- Department of Mental Health & Psychiatric Nursing, Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Farkhondeh Sharif, Department of Mental Health & Psychiatric Nursing, Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-7116475250, Fax: +98-7116474252, E-mail:
| | - Zahra Molazem
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Arash Mani
- Research Centre for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
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Huang L, Mossige S. Resilience in young people living with violence and self-harm: evidence from a Norwegian national youth survey. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2015; 8:231-8. [PMID: 26316830 PMCID: PMC4548757 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s75382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this article is to explore the relationship between resilience and the psychological problems of young people who reported being victims of violence and who engaged in self-harm. We used data from a national survey conducted in 2007 asking young people in Norway (N=6,034; ages 18–19 years) about their experiences with violence during their childhood and during the past 12 months, and also about their mental health and experiences of self-harm. Our analyses revealed that resilience, as measured by the Resilience Scale for Adolescents, correlates significantly and negatively with psychological problems among all young people, and that this correlation is substantially stronger for those youths who reported violent experiences and those who engaged in self-harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Huang
- NOVA - Norwegian Social Research, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein Mossige
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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21
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Bazrafshan MR, Sharif F, Molazem Z, Mani A. Cultural concepts and themes of suicidal attempt among Iranian adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH RISK BEHAVIORS & ADDICTION 2015; 4:e22589. [PMID: 25883919 PMCID: PMC4393560 DOI: 10.5812/ijhrba.22589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Suicide attempts are more common among adolescents than other age groups. Although suicide is considered a worldwide problem, but the related factors, to suicidal behavior are different in various cultures. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify themes that explain suicide attempt process among adolescents in Iran. Patients and Methods: This is a qualitative study carried out based on grounded theory. Key informants were 16 adolescents referred to two hospitals in Shiraz after suicide attempts. Also, 4 family members, a nurse, a psychologist, and a psychiatrist participated in this study. Sampling started with purposive sampling method and continued with theoretical sampling. Data were collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews. Data analysis was carried out using Strauss and Corbin approach and constant comparative method until the point of data saturation. Results: Five main categories, including personal factors and life experiences; family factors, social and educational factors, psychological-emotional problems, and stress control strategies were extracted from the data. The central concept in the data was to escape the painful psychological condition, which was in connection with other concepts describing the process of suicide attempts in adolescents. Conclusions: This study identified 5 categories of concepts as main themes that can be used to explain suicidal attempt process among Iranian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rafi Bazrafshan
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Sharif
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Farkhondeh Sharif, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-7136474250, E-mail:
| | - Zahra Molazem
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Arash Mani
- Research Centre for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
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Kok JK, van Schalkwyk GJ, Chan AHW. Perceived Stressors of Suicide and Potential Prevention Strategies for Suicide Among Youths in Malaysia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/21683603.2014.920285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Radeloff D, Lempp T, Herrmann E, Kettner M, Bennefeld-Kersten K, Freitag CM. National total survey of German adolescent suicide in prison. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2015; 24:219-25. [PMID: 24952897 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-014-0568-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Incarcerated adolescents are a high-risk group for suicidal behaviour, but data on completed suicide are scarce in this population. The present study aimed at calculating relative risks (RR) of suicide in detention and identifying age-related risk factors. We compared data of a German national total survey of completed suicide of young detainees (14 to <21 years, N = 79) during the years 2000-2010 with age- and gender-adjusted suicide deaths in non-incarcerated adolescents (N = 3,484) and incarcerated adults (N = 781). Prison suicide accounted for 2.3% of all suicide deaths in adolescents, but only 0.1% of this age group was detained. The RR = 23.0 for adolescent suicide in detention exceeded the RR = 7.7 of adults by far. In adults, suicide rates in pre-trial detention was fivefold higher than in criminal detention; suicide rates were more balanced in adolescent detainees. Our results underline the need for age-specific suicide prevention strategies in detention.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Radeloff
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Deutschordenstrasse 50, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany,
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Ahmadi M, Ranjbaran H, Azadbakht M, Heidari Gorji M, Heidari Gorji A. A survey of characteristics of self-immolation in the northern iran. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2014; 4:S228-32. [PMID: 25364594 PMCID: PMC4212382 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.141964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Suicide is an action deliberately initiated and performed by a person with complete awareness of its fatal outcome, prevalence of which is very rare in developed countries, but it is reported with more frequency in Middle East including Iran. Aim: This study was carried out to analyze the characteristics, mortality, and related factors of burned patients who attempted to suicide by self-immolation in Northern Iran. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, the archived files of 101 cases that referred to the main burn care center located in northern Iran (Included: Mazadaran, Golestan cities) - cause of suicide attempting by self-immolation during 2 years 2010-2011, analyzed. A record sheet designed to extract data such as: Age, education, occupation, gender, residence, marital status, drug abuse, and extent of the burn injuries as a percent of burned total body surface area (TBSA). Results: The incidence rate of suicide attempted cases were 1.98/100,000 person-years. The mean ages for cases were 31.8 (13.6). The mean age for males and females were 36.1 (14.8) and 30.1 (12.9) years, respectively. In, about 84% (84/101) of the patient's burned TBSA was more than 40% (41/101). Burn injuries were more frequent, larger, and included higher mortality in females than males. Kerosene was the most common used material to self-burning. The mortality rate was about 74% (74/101), which showed a high mortality rate in this study. Other social factors such as marital status, employment, and education level have a role as individually protective or risk factors for self-burning. Conclusion: Finding of the current study manifested high rate of suicide by self-immolation among young, married, and low educated women in Northern Iran. It implies a social problem, and need to an arrangement of a cultural program aimed to improving health, psychological habits and educational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ahmadi
- Department of Health Affairs, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - H Ranjbaran
- Department of Health Affairs, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - M Azadbakht
- Department of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ma Heidari Gorji
- Education and Development Centre, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Am Heidari Gorji
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran ; Department of Traditionaland Complementary Medicine Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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25
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The role of the general dental practitioner in managing patients who self-harm. Br Dent J 2014; 217:503-6. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Pratt LA, Brody DJ. Implications of two-stage depression screening for identifying persons with thoughts of self-harm. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2014; 36:119-23. [PMID: 24183490 PMCID: PMC5942185 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Persons with thoughts of self-harm may need evaluation for suicide risk. We examine the prevalence of thoughts of self-harm and whether persons with thoughts of self-harm are identified when two-stage depression screening is used. METHODS Data are from the 2005-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Persons responding positively to question nine of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) are identified as having thoughts of self-harm. We compare two depression cutoff scores for the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) to see what percentage of persons with thoughts of self-harm would be identified as needing further screening with the PHQ-9. RESULTS The prevalence of thoughts of self-harm was 3.5%. Persons 12-17 years old, poor and reporting fair or poor health were more likely to report thoughts of self-harm. A cutoff score of three on the PHQ-2 identified 49% of persons with thoughts of self-harm for further screening with the PHQ-9. A cut point of two increased the proportion of persons with thoughts of self-harm continuing for further screening to 76%. CONCLUSIONS Using a lower cutoff score, two, the PHQ-2 captures more persons with thoughts of self-harm. One quarter of persons with self-harm thoughts may not be identified for further screening when two-stage screening is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Pratt
- Office of Analysis and Epidemiology, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
| | - Debra J Brody
- Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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Tang J, Ma Y, Guo Y, Ahmed NI, Yu Y, Wang J. Association of aggression and non-suicidal self injury: a school-based sample of adolescents. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78149. [PMID: 24205132 PMCID: PMC3813494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescent has drawn increasing attention because it is associated with subsequent depression, drug abuse, anxiety disorders, and suicide. In the present study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in a school-based sample of Chinese adolescents and to explore the association between aggression and NSSI. METHODS This study was part of a nationwide study on aggression among adolescents in urban areas of China. A sample of 2907 school students including 1436 boys and 1471 girls were randomly selected in Guangdong Province, with their age ranging from 10 to 18 years old. NSSI, aggression, emotional management and other factors were measured by self-administrated questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the association between aggression and NSSI, after adjustment for participants' emotional management, and other potential confounding variables. RESULTS The one year self-reported prevalence of NSSI was 33.6%. Of them, 21.7% engaged in 'minor NSSI', 11.9% in 'moderate/severe NSSI'. 96.9% of self-injuries engaged in one to five different types of NSSI in the past year. Hostility, verbal and indirect aggression was significantly associated with self-reported NSSI after adjusting for other potential factors both in 'minor NSSI' and 'moderate/severe NSSI'. Hostility, verbal and indirect aggression was significantly associated with greater risk of 'minor NSSI' and 'moderate/severe NSSI' in those who had poor emotional management ability. CONCLUSION These findings highlight a high prevalence of NSSI and indicate the importance of hostility, verbal and indirect aggression as potentially risk factor for NSSI among Chinese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Child, Adolescence & Woman Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Niman Isse Ahmed
- Department of Child, Adolescence & Woman Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yizhen Yu
- Department of Child, Adolescence & Woman Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- * E-mail: (YY); (JW)
| | - Jiaji Wang
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (YY); (JW)
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Wolff J, Frazier EA, Esposito-Smythers C, Burke T, Sloan E, Spirito A. Cognitive and social factors associated with NSSI and suicide attempts in psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2013; 41:1005-13. [PMID: 23588400 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-013-9743-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide attempts (SA) frequently co-occur among youth, there is increasing evidence that both the risk factors and the phenomenology of the behaviors are distinct. This study examined how individuals who engage in NSSI only, individuals who attempt suicide only, and those who have histories of both NSSI and at least one suicide attempt may differ in terms of cognitions and perceived social support. Participants were 185 adolescents (78.1 % female) between the ages of 13 and 18 recruited from a psychiatric inpatient facility in the northeastern United States. One hundred forty-eight teens were identified with a history of self-injurious behavior and divided into three groups: NSSI only (n = 45), SA only (n = 24) or both NSSI and SA (NSSI+SA; n = 79). Analyses showed that the NSSI+SA group exhibited more cognitive errors, negative self-statements, and negative views of self, world, and future, as well as less perceived familial support than either the NSSI or SA only groups. There were no differences between groups on perceived support from teachers or peers. No significant demographic or diagnostic differences were found between the NSSI and SA groups. Limitations and clinical implications of the current research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Wolff
- The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
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Child mortality in the Netherlands in the past decades: an overview of external causes and the role of public health policy. J Public Health Policy 2013; 35:43-59. [PMID: 24107788 DOI: 10.1057/jphp.2013.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Among European countries, the Netherlands has the second lowest child mortality rate from external causes. We present an overview, discuss possible explanations, and suggest prevention measures. We analyzed mortality data from all deceased children aged 0-19 years for the period 1969-2011. Child mortality declined in the past decades, largely from decreases in road traffic accidents that followed government action on traffic safety. Accidental drowning also showed a downward trend. Although intentional self-harm showed a significant increase, other external causes of mortality, including assault and fatal child abuse, remained constant. Securing existing preventive measures and analyzing the circumstances of each child's death systematically through Child Death Review may guide further reduction in child mortality.
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Law BMF, Shek DTL. Self-harm and suicide attempts among young Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong: prevalence, correlates, and changes. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2013; 26:S26-32. [PMID: 23683824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence of and changes in self-harm and suicide attempts and to predict these behaviors in relation to family functioning and positive youth development. DESIGN We used quantitative data based on a large sample of adolescent participants. Participants had joined this study in a previous year when they were in Grade 7 (Wave 1). The present study focused on Wave 2 data and the comparison with Wave 1 data. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS The participants consisted of 2,579 Grade 8 students from 28 secondary schools in Hong Kong. A multi-stage cluster random sampling was adopted. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Self-harm behavior, suicide attempt, the Chinese Family Assessment Instrument, the Chinese Positive Youth Development Scale. RESULTS Approximately 23.5% of Grade 8 students had engaged in self-harm behavior in the preceding 12 months. Girls showed more self-harm behavior compared with the boys. Nearly 4.0% of adolescents attempted suicide in the preceding 12 months. Perceived family functioning and positive youth development predicted self-harm and suicidal ideation. Among the 4 second-order positive youth development qualities, the construct "general positive youth development qualities" was the strongest predictor of self-harm and suicide attempts. Compared with the Wave 1 data, more suicidal symptoms were observed in Wave 2, although the prevalence of self-harm behavior was similar across time. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of self-harm behavior among Chinese adolescents was high, but the level of suicidal behavior was low. Perceived family functioning and positive youth development can be regarded as protective factors for adolescents against self-harm and suicidal behaviors. General positive youth development quality is most important among the 4 second-order positive youth development qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M F Law
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.
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Brody S, Carson CM. Brief report: Self-harm is associated with immature defense mechanisms but not substance use in a nonclinical Scottish adolescent sample. J Adolesc 2012; 35:765-7. [PMID: 21955549 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2011] [Revised: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Brody
- School of Social Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, High Street, PA1 2BE Paisley, United Kingdom.
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Angelkovska A, Houghton S, Hopkins S. Differential profiles of risk of self-harm among clinically referred primary school aged children. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/0143034311427434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Risk of self-harm among clinic referred children aged 6- to 12-years-old was investigated using the recently developed Self-Harm Risk Assessment for Children (SHRAC) instrument which comprises six factors: Affect traits; verbalizing of self-harm; socialization; dissociation; self-directing; and self-appraisal. The SHRAC was completed by the mothers of 125 primary school aged children referred to a University based clinic for psychological assessment. These children were subsequently assigned to one of four groups (non clinical, externalizers, internalizers, and combined internalizers/externalizers). Multivariate analysis of variance with univariate F and Scheffé follow-ups revealed differences in risk of self-harm between the four groups. Overall, individuals with both internalizing (anxiety/withdrawn, anxiety/depressed and somatic complaints) and externalizing (rule-breaking behavior and aggressive behavior) characteristics were more at risk of self-harm. These individuals scored highest across each of the six domains. The findings demonstrate the SHRAC to be a reliable instrument for educational psychologists to use with children they suspect of being at risk of self-harm.
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Abstract
AIM Prevalence rates for deliberate self-harm (DSH) are unusually high among Taiwanese high school students. Several models have been advanced to explain the occurrence of DSH. One, the experiential avoidance model suggests that self-mutilation helps the individual escape from unwanted emotional experiences. The purpose of this study was to examine the demographic, health and behavioral correlates of DSH in a population (Taiwanese adolescents) known to have a high rate of DSH. METHOD A structured, self-administered questionnaire survey was completed by a sample of 742 vocational high school students in Taiwan. RESULTS Eighty-four students (11.3%) acknowledged DSH behavior. Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that female students were 3.47 times as likely as male students to be in the DSH group. Avoidance behaviors of running away from school [odds ratio (OR) = 3.45] and suicide attempt (OR = 13.05), a history of headache (OR = 8.96), a history of sexual abuse (OR = 4.26) and drinking (OR = 4.12) were also significantly associated with DSH. CONCLUSIONS Gender and a history of headaches, a history of sexual abuse, drinking, running away from school, or suicidal attempts were factors associated with DSH among Taiwanese adolescents. School personnel should be aware of these to formulate appropriate and timely interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hua Tsai
- Department of Family Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Panchiao, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lu YJ, Chang HJ, Tung YY, Hsu MC, Lin MF. Alleviating psychological distress of suicide survivors: evaluation of a volunteer care programme. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2011; 18:449-56. [PMID: 21539691 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2850.2010.01687.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The crisis level in the worldwide suicide rate has revealed a severe suicide problem in Taiwan that is now well above the world average of 16 per 100,000 individuals. Many countries have relied on suicide care volunteers training programmes to conduct suicide prevention programmes. However, there is a dearth of research evaluating the effect of volunteers on psychological distress and the impact of volunteer experience level. An evaluation of the impact of experienced and novice volunteers in alleviating psychological distress of suicide survivors was conducted. A supervised programme trained 15 volunteers at Years 1 and 2. Year 1 volunteers completed 400 h of service with continuing education. Programme evaluation occurred after Year 2 volunteers had completed training. Eighty-two suicide survivors were recruited. With 60 suicide survivors completing 3 month of volunteer care, a significant group difference with time interaction in suicide survivors who exhibited moderate to severe distress between the veteran care and novice care groups was found. Compared with novice volunteers, veteran volunteers with at least 1 year of experience are more effective with suicide survivors reporting higher psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-J Lu
- Municipal Fusing Junior High School, Tainan City, Taiwan
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35
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Greydanus DE, Apple RW. The relationship between deliberate self-harm behavior, body dissatisfaction, and suicide in adolescents: current concepts. J Multidiscip Healthc 2011; 4:183-9. [PMID: 21811385 PMCID: PMC3141836 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s11569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Deliberate self-harm (DSH) is a common though often hidden condition in children and adolescents that may result in suicide. This discussion covers several aspects of DSH including its prevalence, etiology, and management. The relationships of DSH to body dissatisfaction and suicide are specifically considered. Even though most cases of DSH do not end in overt suicide, DSH reflects that potential underlying psychological pathophysiology, and likelihood of eventual death from self-murder, cannot always be predicted or prevented. It is important to take all acts of DSH as serious, and to offer comprehensive management to prevent future acts of DSH and potential suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald E Greydanus
- Pediatrics and Human Development; College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Tang J, Yu Y, Wu Y, Du Y, Ma Y, Zhu H, Zhang P, Liu Z. Association between non-suicidal self-injuries and suicide attempts in Chinese adolescents and college students: a cross-section study. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17977. [PMID: 21494656 PMCID: PMC3072963 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the association between non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide attempts among Chinese adolescents and college students. METHODS A total sample of 2013 Chinese students were randomly selected from five schools in Wuhan, China, including 1101 boys and 912 girls with the age ranging between 10 and 24 years. NSSI, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and depressive symptoms were measured by self-rated questionnaires. Self-reported suicide attempts were regressed on suicidal ideation and NSSI, controlling for participants' depressive symptoms, and demographic characteristics. RESULTS The self-reported prevalence rates of NSSI, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts were 15.5%, 8.8%, and 3.5%, respectively. Logistic regression analyses indicated that NSSI was significantly associated with self-reported suicide attempts. Analyses examining the conditional association of NSSI and suicidal ideation with self-reported suicide attempts revealed that NSSI was significantly associated with greater risk of suicide attempts in those not reporting suicidal ideation than those reporting suicidal ideation in the past year. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the importance of NSSI as a potentially independent risk factor for suicide attempts among Chinese/Han adolescents and college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Department of Child, Adolescence and Woman Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yizhen Yu
- Department of Child, Adolescence and Woman Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Child, Adolescence and Woman Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yukai Du
- Department of Child, Adolescence and Woman Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiping Zhu
- Department of Child, Adolescence and Woman Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Child, Adolescence and Woman Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuoya Liu
- Department of Child, Adolescence and Woman Health Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Paton SL, Fernando I, Lamont RF. A comparison of sexual and reproductive health services provided by genitourinary and family planning clinics for adolescents. Int J STD AIDS 2011; 21:642-7. [PMID: 21097738 DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2010.010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to assess the use of sexual and reproductive health services by adolescents aged 15 years and younger. A case-note review was conducted at both a genitourinary medicine clinic and a family planning clinic in Edinburgh, UK. The demographics of the attendees, reasons for attending, risk factors, diagnostic tests undertaken and contraceptive advice given differed between the two clinics. Approximately 73% of attendees with documented responses used alcohol and 21% used recreational drugs, 5% reported self-harm, 25% reported being victims of sexual assault, 13% had a current sexually transmitted infection and 6% of girls had already been pregnant. While this group of young people understand the differences in emphasis between the clinics, adolescents may be intimidated and discouraged from attending or may fail to return, and the combination of overlap, together with omissions in cross-clinic function, suggests that for this age group the services of these clinics should be combined.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Paton
- GUM Department, New Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, UK
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Rissanen ML, Kylma J, Laukkanen E. A systematic literature review: self-mutilation among adolescents as a phenomenon and help for it-what kind of knowledge is lacking? Issues Ment Health Nurs 2011; 32:575-83. [PMID: 21859408 DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2011.578785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this review article is to present current knowledge of self-mutilation among adolescents as a phenomenon and to define what kind of knowledge is lacking based on existing literature. The literature searches were executed in the CINAHL and Medline databases in 2010. The analysed data consisted of 126 articles and inductive content analysis was carried out. Existing knowledge of self-mutilation was categorized into the following two classes: (1) self-mutilation as a phenomenon and (2) caring for persons who self-mutilate or self-harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja-Liisa Rissanen
- Kuopio University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio, Finland and Lecturer, Savo Vocational College, Social and Health Services, Kuopio, Finland.
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Looking in, looking out-increasing awareness of intentional self-harm in community populations. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2010; 24:140-1. [PMID: 20303454 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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