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Juang JH, Chen CL, Kao CW, Wu ST, Shen CR. In Vivo Imaging of Immune Rejection of MIN6 Cells Transplanted in C3H Mice. Cells 2024; 13:1044. [PMID: 38920672 PMCID: PMC11201743 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, we successfully utilized noninvasive magnetic resonance and bioluminescence imaging to track MIN6 cells subcutaneously transplanted in immunocompromised nude mice for up to 64 days. In this study, we further used bioluminescence imaging to investigate the immune rejection of MIN6 cells in immunocompetent C3H mice. A total of 5 × 106 luciferase-transfected MIN6 cells were implanted into the subcutaneous space of each nude or C3H mouse. After transplantation, hypoglycemia and persistent bioluminescence signals were observed in eight of eight (100%) nude mice and five of nine (56%) C3H mice (p < 0.05). We then presensitized a group of C3H mice with C57BL/6 spleen cells just prior to transplantation (n = 14). Interestingly, none of them had hypoglycemia or persistent bioluminescence signals (p < 0.01 vs. C3H mice without presensitization). Histological examination of the grafts revealed a lack or minimal presence of insulin-positive cells in recipients without hypoglycemia and persistent bioluminescence signals. In contrast, recipients with hypoglycemia and persistent bioluminescence signals showed a significant presence of insulin-positive cells in their grafts. Our results indicate that rejection of MIN6 cells occurred in C3H mice and could be enhanced by presensitization with C57BL/6 spleen cells and that bioluminescence imaging is a useful noninvasive tool for detecting rejection of subcutaneously transplanted MIN6 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyuhn-Huarng Juang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-L.C.); (C.-W.K.)
| | - Chen-Ling Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-L.C.); (C.-W.K.)
| | - Chen-Wei Kao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-L.C.); (C.-W.K.)
| | - Shu-Ting Wu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Rui Shen
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- R&D Center of Biochemical Engineering Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei 24301, Taiwan
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2
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Le Tran P, Pham TT, Lee HS, Hahn S, Choi JU, Kim JH, Jiang HL, Yook S, Jeong JH. Magnetic resonance imaging of pancreatic islets using tissue-adhesive particles containing iron oxide nanoparticles. J Control Release 2023; 364:37-45. [PMID: 37813125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Post-transplantation tracking of pancreatic islets is a prerequisite for advancing cell therapy to treat type 1 diabetes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a safe and non-invasive technique for visualizing cells in clinical applications. In this study, we proposed a novel MRI contrast agent formulation by encapsulating iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) particles functionalized with a tissue adhesive polydopamine (PD) layer (IONP-PLGA-PD MS). Intriguingly, our particles facilitated efficient and robust labeling through a one-step process, allowing for the incorporation of a substantial amount of IONPs without detrimental impacts on the viability and functionality of pancreatic islets. The MRI signals emanating from islets labeled using our particles were found to be stable over 30 days in vitro and 60 days when transplanted under kidney capsules of diabetic mice. These results suggest that our approach provides a potential platform for monitoring the fate of pancreatic islets after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Le Tran
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Tung Thanh Pham
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sin Lee
- R&D Center, Cellstormer, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16677, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojung Hahn
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Uk Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hu-Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Simmyung Yook
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea; Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16419, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Synthesis of siRNA-Conjugated Dextran-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Islet Protection During Transplantation and Noninvasive Imaging. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2592:163-174. [PMID: 36507992 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2807-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation (Tx) has a lifesaving potential for type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients. Islet damage during and after transplantation is one of the major reasons hampering its wide clinical application. Inability to monitor transplanted islets also severely limits our understanding of mechanisms regarding declining graft function after transplantation. Our team has proposed to use magnetic nanoparticles conjugated to siRNA (MN-siRNA) to label islets prior to transplantation with two goals in mind: to protect them from damage by silencing harmful genes and to monitor them after transplantation using noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This manuscript provides a step-by-step protocol for the synthesis and characterization of MN-siRNA probes.
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4
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Bal T, Karaoglu IC, Murat FS, Yalcin E, Sasaki Y, Akiyoshi K, Kizilel S. Immunological response of polysaccharide nanogel-incorporating PEG hydrogels in an in vivo diabetic model. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2022; 33:1794-1810. [PMID: 35549832 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2022.2077512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies hold significant advantages in comparison with the traditional drug-based or injection-based treatments. However, for long-term functional cellular implants, immune acceptance must be established. To accomplish the acceptance of the implanted cells, various biomaterial systems have been studied. Nanogels have shown great potential for modulation of cellular microenvironments, acting as a physical barrier between the immune system and the implant. However, internalization of nano-scale materials by implanted cells is not desirable and is yet to be overcome. In this study, we incorporated acrylate modified cholesterol-bearing pullulan (CHPOA) nanogels into poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels through covalent crosslinking, where we used visible light-induced photopolymerization. We characterized morphology and swelling properties of CHPOA incorporated PEG composite hydrogels using FE-SEM and gravimetric analysis. Also, we investigated the biocompatibility properties of composite hydrogels in vivo, where we used both healthy and diabetic mice. We induced diabetes in mice using a low dose streptozotocin (STZ) injections and implanted composite hydrogels in both diabetic and healthy mice through subcutaneous route. Immune cell infiltration of the retrieved tissue was examined through histological analysis, where we observed minimum immune response levels of 0-2 rareness, according to ISO standard of biological evaluation of medical devices. Our observation suggests that the composite hydrogel developed here can be used to introduce nanostructured domains into bulk hydrogels and that this system has potential to be used as immunologically acceptable composite material in cellular therapy without internalization of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Bal
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Sariyer, Turkey
| | - Ismail Can Karaoglu
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Sariyer, Turkey
| | - Fusun Sevval Murat
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Sariyer, Turkey
| | - Esra Yalcin
- Biomedical Science and Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Sariyer, Turkey
| | - Yoshihiro Sasaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Kyoto, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), The Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Bio-nanotransporter Project, Katsura Int'tech Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Seda Kizilel
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Sariyer, Turkey
- Biomedical Science and Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Sariyer, Turkey
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Juang JH, Wang JJ, Shen CR, Lin SH, Chen CY, Kao CW, Chen CL, Wu ST, Tsai ZT, Wang YM. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Transplanted Porcine Neonatal Pancreatic Cell Clusters Labeled with Exendin-4-Conjugated Manganese Magnetism-Engineered Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12071222. [PMID: 35407339 PMCID: PMC9000895 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we have shown that manganese magnetism-engineered iron oxide nanoparticles (MnMEIO NPs) conjugated with exendin-4 (Ex4) act as a contrast agent that directly trace implanted mouse islet β-cells by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Here we further advanced this technology to track implanted porcine neonatal pancreatic cell clusters (NPCCs) containing ducts, endocrine, and exocrine cells. NPCCs from one-day-old neonatal pigs were isolated, cultured for three days, and then incubated overnight with MnMEIO-Ex4 NPs. Binding of NPCCs and MnMEIO-Ex4 NPs was confirmed with Prussian blue staining in vitro prior to the transplantation of 2000 MnMEIO-Ex4 NP-labeled NPCCs beneath the left renal capsule of six nondiabetic nude mice. The 7.0 T MRI on recipients revealed persistent hypointense areas at implantation sites for up to 54 days. The MR signal intensity of the graft on left kidney reduced 62–88% compared to the mirror areas on the contralateral kidney. Histological studies showed colocalization of insulin/iron and SOX9/iron staining in NPCC grafts, indicating that MnMEIO-Ex4 NPs were taken up by mature β-cells and pancreatic progenitors. We conclude that MnMEIO-Ex4 NPs are excellent contrast agents for detecting and long-term monitoring implanted NPCCs by MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyuhn-Huarng Juang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (C.-W.K.); (C.-L.C.)
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-H.J.); (Y.-M.W.)
| | - Jiun-Jie Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (J.-J.W.); (S.-H.L.)
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Rui Shen
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (C.-R.S.); (S.-T.W.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Han Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (J.-J.W.); (S.-H.L.)
| | - Chen-Yi Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (C.-W.K.); (C.-L.C.)
| | - Chen-Wei Kao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (C.-W.K.); (C.-L.C.)
| | - Chen-Ling Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (C.-W.K.); (C.-L.C.)
| | - Shu-Ting Wu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (C.-R.S.); (S.-T.W.)
| | - Zei-Tsan Tsai
- Molecular Imaging Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Yun-Ming Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-H.J.); (Y.-M.W.)
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Daldrup-Link HE, Theruvath AJ, Rashidi A, Iv M, Majzner RG, Spunt SL, Goodman S, Moseley M. How to stop using gadolinium chelates for magnetic resonance imaging: clinical-translational experiences with ferumoxytol. Pediatr Radiol 2022; 52:354-366. [PMID: 34046709 PMCID: PMC8626538 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-021-05098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gadolinium chelates have been used as standard contrast agents for clinical MRI for several decades. However, several investigators recently reported that rare Earth metals such as gadolinium are deposited in the brain for months or years. This is particularly concerning for children, whose developing brain is more vulnerable to exogenous toxins compared to adults. Therefore, a search is under way for alternative MR imaging biomarkers. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved iron supplement ferumoxytol can solve this unmet clinical need: ferumoxytol consists of iron oxide nanoparticles that can be detected with MRI and provide significant T1- and T2-signal enhancement of vessels and soft tissues. Several investigators including our research group have started to use ferumoxytol off-label as a new contrast agent for MRI. This article reviews the existing literature on the biodistribution of ferumoxytol in children and compares the diagnostic accuracy of ferumoxytol- and gadolinium-chelate-enhanced MRI. Iron oxide nanoparticles represent a promising new class of contrast agents for pediatric MRI that can be metabolized and are not deposited in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike E. Daldrup-Link
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Stanford University
| | - Ashok J. Theruvath
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University
| | - Ali Rashidi
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University
| | - Michael Iv
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University
| | - Robbie G. Majzner
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Stanford University
| | - Sheri L. Spunt
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Stanford University
| | | | - Michael Moseley
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University
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Purich K, Cai H, Yang B, Xu Z, Tessier AG, Black A, Hung RW, Boivin E, Xu B, Wu P, Zhang B, Xin D, Fallone BG, Rajotte RV, Wu Y, Rayat GR. MRI monitoring of transplanted neonatal porcine islets labeled with polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in a mouse model. Xenotransplantation 2021; 29:e12720. [PMID: 34850455 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Islet transplantation is a potential treatment option for certain patients with type 1 diabetes; however, it still faces barriers to widespread use, including the lack of tools to monitor islet grafts post-transplantation. This study investigates whether labeling neonatal porcine islets (NPI) with polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (PVP-SPIO) affects their function, and whether this nanoparticle can be utilized to monitor NPI xenografts with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a mouse model. In vitro, PVP-SPIO-labeled NPI in an agarose gel was visualized clearly by MRI. PVP-SPIO-labeled islets were then transplanted under the kidney capsules of immunodeficient nondiabetic and diabetic mice. All diabetic mice that received transplantation of PVP-SPIO-labeled islets reached normoglycemia. Grafts appeared as hypo-intense areas on MRI and were distinguishable from the surrounding tissues. Following injection of spleen cells from immunocompetent mice, normoglycemic recipient mice became diabetic and islet grafts showed an increase in volume, accompanied by a mixed signal on MRI. Overall, this study demonstrates that PVP-SPIO did not affect the function of NPI that PVP-SPIO-labeled islets were easily seen on MRI, and changes in MRI signals following rejection suggest a potential use of PVP-SPIO-labeled islets to monitor graft viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Purich
- Department of Surgery, Ray Rajotte Surgical-Medical Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Haolei Cai
- Department of Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihao Xu
- Department of Surgery, Ray Rajotte Surgical-Medical Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anthony G Tessier
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Adnan Black
- Department of Surgery, Ray Rajotte Surgical-Medical Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ryan W Hung
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eric Boivin
- Department of Surgery, Ray Rajotte Surgical-Medical Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Baoyou Xu
- Department of Surgery, Ray Rajotte Surgical-Medical Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Surgery, Ray Rajotte Surgical-Medical Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong Xin
- Department of Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Biagio Gino Fallone
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ray V Rajotte
- Department of Surgery, Ray Rajotte Surgical-Medical Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yulian Wu
- Department of Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gina R Rayat
- Department of Surgery, Ray Rajotte Surgical-Medical Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Exendin-4-Conjugated Manganese Magnetism-Engineered Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as a Potential Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent for Tracking Transplanted β-Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11113145. [PMID: 34835906 PMCID: PMC8625548 DOI: 10.3390/nano11113145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To specifically detect and trace transplanted islet β-cells by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we conjugated manganese magnetism-engineered iron oxide nanoparticles (MnMEIO NPs) with exendin-4 (Ex4) which specifically binds glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors on the surface of β-cells. The size distribution of MnMEIO and MnMEIO-Ex4 NPs were 67.8 ± 1.3 and 70.2 ± 2.3 nm and zeta potential 33.3 ± 0.5 and 0.6 ± 0.1 mV, respectively. MnMEIO and MnMEIO-Ex4 NPs with iron content ≤ 40 μg/mL did not affect MIN6 β-cell viability and insulin secretion. Positive iron staining was found in MIN6 β-cells loaded with MnMEIO-Ex4 NPs but not in those with MnMEIO NPs. A transmission electron microscope confirmed MnMEIO-Ex4 NPs were distributed in the cytoplasm of MIN6. In vitro MR images revealed a loss of signal intensity in MIN6 β-cells labeled with MnMEIO-Ex4 NPs but not with MnMEIO NPs. After transplantation of islets labeled with MnMEIO-Ex4, the graft under kidney capsule could be visualized on MRI as persistent hypointense areas up to 17 weeks. Moreover, histology of the islet graft showed positive staining for insulin, glucagon and iron. Our results indicate MnMEIO-Ex4 NPs are safe and effective for the detection and long-term monitoring of transplanted β-cells by MRI.
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Hepatic and renal cellular cytotoxic effects of heparin-coated superparamagnetic Iron oxide nanoparticles. Biomater Res 2021; 25:36. [PMID: 34736539 PMCID: PMC8567628 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-021-00241-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles have been widely used in several biomedical engineering in vivo. Although various surface modifications have been made to these non-biodegradable nanoparticles to make them more biocompatible, their toxic potential still remains a major concern. Method In this study, we newly developed unfractionated heparin (UFH)-coated and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)-coated SPIO nanoparticles through surface modification engineering, which was compared with commercially available dextran-coated SPIO nanoparticles. Their toxicity such as cytotoxicity, single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) comet assay, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and cellular apoptosis was evaluated to hepatic HepG2 and renal HK-2 cells. Results When UFH-, LMWH- or dextran-coated SPIO nanoparticles were applied, they did not affect the viability of HepG2 cell. However, HK-2 cells were more sensitive to dextran-coated SPIO nanoparticles than others. In genotoxicity assay using SCGE comet, DNA tail moment values in the groups treated with dextran- and LMWH-coated SPIO nanoparticles significantly increased. However, UFH-coated SPIO nanoparticles was only significantly lowing DNA tail moment value. In addition, UFH-coated SPIO nanoparticles had lower cytotoxicity in HepG2 and HK-2 cells compared to dextran-coated SPIO nanoparticles, especially in terms of apoptosis and intracellular ROS production. Conclusions Collectively, it is possible that UFH- coated SPIO nanoparticles can be used as alternative negative contrast agents.
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Lee SM, Kim D, Kwak KM, Khin PP, Lim OK, Kim KW, Kim BJ, Jun HS. Comparison of the Effects of Liraglutide on Islet Graft Survival Between Local and Systemic Delivery. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720971245. [PMID: 33172296 PMCID: PMC7784585 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720971245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation has emerged as a promising treatment for type 1 diabetes mellitus. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, protects beta cells after islet transplantation by improving glycemic control through several mechanisms. In this study, we compared the effects of local pretreatment and systemic treatment with liraglutide on islet transplantation in a diabetic mouse model. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice were transplanted with syngeneic islets under the kidney capsule. Isolated islets were either locally treated with liraglutide before transplantation or mice were treated systemically by intraperitoneal injection after islet transplantation. Local pretreatment of islets with liraglutide was more effective in increasing body weight, decreasing hemoglobin A1c levels, and lowering blood glucose levels in STZ-diabetic mice transplanted with islets. Local pretreatment was also more effective in increasing insulin secretion and islet survival in STZ-diabetic mice. Histological analysis of the transplantation site revealed fewer apoptotic cells following local pretreatment compared with systemic injection of liraglutide. These findings indicate that liraglutide administered once locally before transplantation might have superior effects on islet preservation than systemic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Mi Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Korea.,Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Korea.,Both the authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Donghee Kim
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Korea.,Both the authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Kyung Min Kwak
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Korea
| | - Phyu Phyu Khin
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Korea.,Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Korea
| | - Oh Kyung Lim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Namdong-gu, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Namdong-gu, Incheon, Korea
| | - Byung-Joon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Namdong-gu, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Korea.,Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Korea.,Gil Medical Research Institute, Gil Hospital, Namdong-gu, Incheon, Korea
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11
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Matar AJ, Crepeau RL, Duran-Struuck R. Non-invasive imaging for the diagnosis of acute rejection in transplantation: The next frontier. Transpl Immunol 2021; 68:101431. [PMID: 34157374 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2021.101431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute rejection is a leading cause of organ transplant failure and the most common indication for re-transplantation. Clinically, suspicion of acute rejection is often dependent upon serum laboratory values which may only manifest after organ injury. The gold standard for diagnosis requires an invasive biopsy which can carry serious clinical risks including bleeding and graft loss as well as the possibility of sampling error. The use of noninvasive imaging modalities to monitor transplanted organs is of great clinical value, particularly as a tool for early detection of graft dysfunction or acute rejection. Herein, we provide an overview of the existing literature evaluating noninvasive imaging modalities of solid organ and cellular allografts after transplantation, including both preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham J Matar
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rebecca L Crepeau
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Raimon Duran-Struuck
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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12
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Juang JH, Wang JJ, Shen CR, Chen CY, Kao CW, Chen CL, Lin SH, Wu ST, Li WC, Tsai ZT. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Transplanted Porcine Neonatal Pancreatic Cell Clusters Labeled with Chitosan-Coated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Mice. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13081238. [PMID: 33920427 PMCID: PMC8068980 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal pancreatic cell clusters (NPCCs) are potential tissues for the treatment of diabetes. Different from adult cells, they continuously proliferate and differentiate after transplantation. In this study, we utilized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect and monitor implanted NPCCs. NPCCs were isolated from one-day-old neonatal pigs, cultured for three days, and then incubated overnight with the contrast agent chitosan-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide (CSPIO) nanoparticles. In vitro, Prussian blue staining and MR scans of CSPIO-labeled NPCCs were performed. In vivo, we transplanted 2000 CSPIO-labeled NPCCs under the kidney capsule of nondiabetic nude mice. Recipients were scanned with 7.0T MRI. Grafts were removed for histology with insulin and Prussian blue staining. After being incubated overnight with CSPIO, NPCCs showed positive iron staining and appeared as dark spots on MR scans. After transplantation of CSPIO-labeled NPCCs, persistent hypointense areas were observed at recipients’ implant sites for up to 54 days. Moreover, histology showed colocalization of the insulin and iron staining in 15-, 51- and 55-day NPCC grafts. Our results indicate that transplanted NPCCs survived and differentiated to β cells after transplantation, and that MRI is a useful tool for the detection and monitoring of CSPIO-labeled NPCC grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyuhn-Huarng Juang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (C.-W.K.); (C.-L.C.)
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
| | - Jiun-Jie Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (J.-J.W.); (S.-H.L.)
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Rui Shen
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (C.-R.S.); (S.-T.W.)
| | - Chen-Yi Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (C.-W.K.); (C.-L.C.)
| | - Chen-Wei Kao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (C.-W.K.); (C.-L.C.)
| | - Chen-Ling Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine and Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-Y.C.); (C.-W.K.); (C.-L.C.)
| | - Sung-Han Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (J.-J.W.); (S.-H.L.)
| | - Shu-Ting Wu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (C.-R.S.); (S.-T.W.)
| | - Wan-Chun Li
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
| | - Zei-Tsan Tsai
- Molecular Imaging Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
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13
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Arifin DR, Bulte JWM. In Vivo Imaging of Pancreatic Islet Grafts in Diabetes Treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:640117. [PMID: 33737913 PMCID: PMC7961081 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.640117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of pancreatic islets has potential to offer life-long blood glucose management in type I diabetes and severe type II diabetes without the need of exogenous insulin administration. However, islet cell therapy suffers from autoimmune and allogeneic rejection as well as non-immune related factors. Non-invasive techniques to monitor and evaluate the fate of cell implants in vivo are essential to understand the underlying causes of graft failure, and hence to improve the precision and efficacy of islet therapy. This review describes how imaging technology has been employed to interrogate the distribution, number or volume, viability, and function of islet implants in vivo. To date, fluorescence imaging, PET, SPECT, BLI, MRI, MPI, and ultrasonography are the many imaging modalities being developed to fulfill this endeavor. We outline here the advantages, limitations, and clinical utility of each particular imaging approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian R. Arifin
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jeff W. M. Bulte
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Institute for Cell Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Jeff W. M. Bulte,
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14
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Pomposelli T, Wang P, Takeuchi K, Miyake K, Ariyoshi Y, Watanabe H, Chen X, Shimizu A, Robertson N, Yamada K, Moore A. Protection of Pancreatic Islets Using Theranostic Silencing Nanoparticles in a Baboon Model of Islet Transplantation. Diabetes 2020; 69:2414-2422. [PMID: 32855170 PMCID: PMC7576559 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The long-term success of pancreatic islet transplantation (Tx) as a cure for type 1 diabetes remains limited. Islet loss after Tx related to apoptosis, inflammation, and other factors continues to limit Tx efficacy. In this project, we demonstrate a novel approach aimed at protecting islets before Tx in nonhuman primates (NHPs) (baboons) by silencing a gene (caspase-3) responsible for induction of apoptosis. This was done using siRNA (siCas-3) conjugated to magnetic nanoparticles (MNs). In addition to serving as carriers for siCas-3, these nanoparticles also act as reporters for MRI, so islets labeled with MN-siCas-3 can be monitored in vivo after Tx. In vitro studies showed the antiapoptotic effect of MN-siCas-3 on islets in culture, resulting in minimal islet loss. For in vivo studies, donor baboon islets were labeled with MN-siCas-3 and infused into recipient diabetic subjects. A dramatic reduction in insulin requirements was observed in animals transplanted with even a marginal number of labeled islets compared with controls. By demonstrating the protective effect of MN-siCas-3 in the challenging NHP model, this study proposes a novel strategy to minimize the number of donor islets required from either cadaveric or living donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pomposelli
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Ping Wang
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Kazuhiro Takeuchi
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Katsunori Miyake
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Yuichi Ariyoshi
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Hironosuke Watanabe
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Neil Robertson
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Kazuhiko Yamada
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Anna Moore
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
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15
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The MEK Inhibitor Trametinib Suppresses Major Histocompatibility Antigen-mismatched Rejection Following Pancreatic Islet Transplantation. Transplant Direct 2020; 6:e591. [PMID: 32851124 PMCID: PMC7423917 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Potential adverse effects, such as functional impairment of islets, render conventional immunosuppressive drugs unsuitable for use in islet transplantation. In addition, as a single therapy, they cannot prolong islet allograft survival. Here, we investigated the utility of the mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor trametinib and asked whether it ameliorates acute rejection of transplanted islets without the need for conventional immunosuppressants. Methods. Islets from fully major histocompatibility complex-mismatched BALB/c mice were transplanted into streptozotocin-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice via the portal vein. These mice received trametinib or vehicle (orally) for 28 days. Isolated islets from BALB/c mice were incubated in vitro with different concentrations of trametinib to determine viability and function. Results. Trametinib (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg) prolonged graft survival significantly (P = 0.0007 and P = 0.005, respectively) when compared with vehicle. Histologic analyses revealed that cellular infiltration of the graft by lymphocytes was inhibited significantly on day 7 (P < 0.05). In addition, trametinib suppressed functional differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells in recipients. Expression of mRNA encoding inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, tumor necrosis factor α, and interferon γ in recipients treated with trametinib was also inhibited (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, and P < 0.01, respectively). Trametinib also increased production of IL-4 and IL-10 (P < 0.05 and P = 0.20, respectively). In vitro, islets incubated with different concentrations of trametinib exhibited no harmful effects with respect to viability and function. Conclusions. Trametinib delayed islet graft rejection by inhibiting functional differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells and regulating inflammatory cytokines. Trametinib might be a promising candidate for maintenance immunosuppressive therapy after allogeneic islet transplantation.
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16
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Zheng L, Wang Y, Yang B, Zhang B, Wu Y. Islet Transplantation Imaging in vivo. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:3301-3311. [PMID: 33061492 PMCID: PMC7520574 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s263253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although islet transplantation plays an effective and powerful role in the treatment of diabetes, a large amount of islet grafts are lost at an early stage due to instant blood-mediated inflammatory reactions, immune rejection, and β-cell toxicity resulting from immunosuppressive agents. Timely intervention based on the viability and function of the transplanted islets at an early stage is crucial. Various islet transplantation imaging techniques are available for monitoring the conditions of post-transplanted islets. Due to the development of various imaging modalities and the continuous study of contrast agents, non-invasive islet transplantation imaging in vivo has made great progress. The tracing and functional evaluation of transplanted islets in vivo have thus become possible. However, most studies on contrast agent and imaging modalities are limited to animal experiments, and long-term toxicity and stability need further evaluation. Accordingly, the clinical application of the current achievements still requires a large amount of effort. In this review, we discuss the contrast agents for MRI, SPECT/PET, BLI/FI, US, MPI, PAI, and multimodal imaging. We further summarize the advantages and limitations of various molecular imaging methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zheng
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinghao Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310000, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310000, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Bo Zhang; Yulian Wu Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310000, People’s Republic of China Tel/Fax +86 571 87783563 Email ;
| | - Yulian Wu
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310000, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310000, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Mallett CL, Hix JML, Kiupel M, Shapiro EM. Effect of mouse strain and diet on feasibility of MRI-based cell tracking in the liver. Magn Reson Med 2019; 83:2276-2283. [PMID: 31765493 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE MRI-based cell tracking identifies the location of magnetically labeled cells with hypointense voxels. Here we demonstrate a strain-dependent effect of liver MRI background on the feasibility of MRI-based cell tracking of transplanted cells in the mouse liver. METHODS FVB mice (GFP-LUC and NOG) and C57BL/6 mice (GFP+ and wild-type) were fed 3 different diets with varying iron content. In vivo T 2 ∗ -weighted images and T 2 ∗ maps of the liver were acquired at different ages. Magnetically labeled cancer cells were injected intrasplenically for hepatic migration; then, mice were imaged by in vivo MRI and bioluminescence imaging. Livers were also imaged ex vivo by magnetic particle imaging. RESULTS R 2 ∗ increased with age in FVBNOG and FVBGFP-LUC mice that were fed diets sufficient in iron. FVBNOG mice developed a mottled appearance in their livers with age that did not occur in FVBGFP-LUC mice. R 2 ∗ was unchanging with age in C57BL/6GFP mice, and the liver remained bright and homogenous. Labeled cells were not detectable by MRI in some livers despite successful engraftment as shown by bioluminescence imaging and magnetic particle imaging. CONCLUSION Strain, diet, and age are important considerations for MRI-based cell tracking in the liver. If a model with excessive liver iron must be used, alternative imaging methods such as magnetic particle imaging can be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane L Mallett
- Department of Radiology and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Jeremy M L Hix
- Department of Radiology and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Matti Kiupel
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Erik M Shapiro
- Department of Radiology and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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18
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Toda S, Fattah A, Asawa K, Nakamura N, N. Ekdahl K, Nilsson B, Teramura Y. Optimization of Islet Microencapsulation with Thin Polymer Membranes for Long-Term Stability. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E755. [PMID: 31698737 PMCID: PMC6915491 DOI: 10.3390/mi10110755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microencapsulation of islets can protect against immune reactions from the host immune system after transplantation. However, sufficient numbers of islets cannot be transplanted due to the increase of the size and total volume. Therefore, thin and stable polymer membranes are required for the microencapsulation. Here, we undertook the cell microencapsulation using poly(ethylene glycol)-conjugated phospholipid (PEG-lipid) and layer-by-layer membrane of multiple-arm PEG. In order to examine the membrane stability, we used different molecular weights of 4-arm PEG (10k, 20k and 40k)-Mal to examine the influence on the polymer membrane stability. We found that the polymer membrane made of 4-arm PEG(40k)-Mal showed the highest stability on the cell surface. Also, the polymer membrane did not disturb the insulin secretion from beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Toda
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama 337-8570, Japan; (S.T.); (N.N.)
| | - Artin Fattah
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.F.); (K.N.E.); (B.N.)
| | - Kenta Asawa
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan;
| | - Naoko Nakamura
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama 337-8570, Japan; (S.T.); (N.N.)
| | - Kristina N. Ekdahl
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.F.); (K.N.E.); (B.N.)
- Linnaeus Center of Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Bo Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.F.); (K.N.E.); (B.N.)
| | - Yuji Teramura
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.F.); (K.N.E.); (B.N.)
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan;
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19
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Pathak S, Pham TT, Jeong JH, Byun Y. Immunoisolation of pancreatic islets via thin-layer surface modification. J Control Release 2019; 305:176-193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Montanari E, Gonelle-Gispert C, Seebach JD, Knoll MF, Bottino R, Bühler LH. Immunological aspects of allogeneic pancreatic islet transplantation: a comparison between mouse and human. Transpl Int 2019; 32:903-912. [PMID: 31033036 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic islet allotransplantation is a treatment for patients with severe forms of type 1 diabetes. As long-term graft function and survival are not yet optimal, additional studies are warranted in order to continue improving transplant outcomes. The mechanisms of islet graft loss and tolerance induction are often studied in murine diabetes models. Despite numerous islet transplantation studies successfully performed over recent years, translation from experimental mouse models to human clinical application remains elusive. This review aims at critically discussing the strengths and limitations of current mouse models of diabetes and experimental islet transplantation. In particular, we will analyze the causes leading to diabetes and compare the immunological mechanisms responsible for rejection between mouse and human. A better understanding of the experimental mouse models should facilitate translation to human clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Montanari
- Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and Medical Faculty, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Gonelle-Gispert
- Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and Medical Faculty, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jörg D Seebach
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Geneva University Hospitals and Medical Faculty, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michael F Knoll
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rita Bottino
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Leo H Bühler
- Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and Medical Faculty, Geneva, Switzerland
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21
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Liang S, Louchami K, Holvoet B, Verbeke R, Deroose CM, Manshian B, Soenen SJ, Lentacker I, Himmelreich U. Tri-modal In vivo Imaging of Pancreatic Islets Transplanted Subcutaneously in Mice. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 20:940-951. [PMID: 29671177 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transplantation of pancreatic islets (PIs) is a promising therapeutic approach for type 1 diabetes. The main obstacle for this strategy is that the outcome of islet engraftment depends on the engraftment site. It was our aim to develop a strategy for using non-invasive imaging techniques to assess the location and fate of transplanted PIs longitudinally in vivo. PROCEDURES In order to overcome the limitations of individual imaging techniques and cross-validate findings by different modalities, we have combined fluorine magnetic resonance imaging (F-19 MRI), fluorescence imaging (FLI), and bioluminescent imaging (BLI) for studying subcutaneously transplanted PIs and beta cell-like cells (INS-1E cell line) in vivo. We optimized the transduction (using lentiviral vectors) and labeling procedures (using perfluoro crown ether nanoparticles with a fluorescence dye) for PIs and INS-1E cell imaging. RESULTS The feasibility of using the proposed imaging methods for PI assessment was demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Our data suggested that F-19 MRI is suitable for high-resolution localization of transplanted cells and PIs; FLI is essential for confirmation of contrast localization by histology; and BLI is a reliable method to assess cell viability and survival after transplantation. No significant side effects on cell viability and function have been observed. CONCLUSIONS The proposed tri-modal imaging platform is a valuable approach for the assessment of engrafted PIs in vivo. It is potentially suitable for comparing different transplantation sites and evaluating novel strategies for improving PI transplantation technique in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuan Liang
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging & Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Bio-Imaging Lab, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Philips Research China, Shanghai, China
| | - Karim Louchami
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging & Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Hormonology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Bryan Holvoet
- Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging & Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rein Verbeke
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe M Deroose
- Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging & Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bella Manshian
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging & Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefaan J Soenen
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging & Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ine Lentacker
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging & Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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22
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Local release of rapamycin by microparticles delays islet rejection within the anterior chamber of the eye. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3918. [PMID: 30850640 PMCID: PMC6408557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40404-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The anterior chamber of the eye (ACE) has emerged as a promising clinical islet transplantation site because of its multiple advantages over the conventional intra-hepatic portal site. This includes reduced surgical invasiveness and increased islet graft survival rate. It also allows for enhanced accessibility and monitoring of the islets. Although the ACE is initially an immuno-privileged site, this privilege is disrupted once the islet grafts are re-vascularized. Given that the ACE is a confined space, achieving graft immune tolerance through local immunosuppressive drug delivery is therefore feasible. Here, we show that islet rejection in the ACE of mice can be significantly suppressed through local delivery of rapamycin by carefully designed sustained-release microparticles. In this 30-day study, allogeneic islet grafts with blank microparticles were completely rejected 18 days post-transplantation into mice. Importantly, allogeneic islet grafts co-injected with rapamycin releasing microparticles into a different eye of the same recipient were preserved much longer, with some grafts surviving for more than 30 days. Hence, islet allograft survival was enhanced by a localized and prolonged delivery of an immunosuppressive drug. We envisage that this procedure will relieve diabetic transplant recipients from harsh systemic immune suppression, while achieving improved glycemic control and reduced insulin dependence.
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23
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Wei W, Ehlerding EB, Lan X, Luo QY, Cai W. Molecular imaging of β-cells: diabetes and beyond. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 139:16-31. [PMID: 31378283 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Since diabetes is becoming a global epidemic, there is a great need to develop early β-cell specific diagnostic techniques for this disorder. There are two types of diabetes (i.e., type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)). In T1DM, the destruction of pancreatic β-cells leads to reduced insulin production or even absolute insulin deficiency, which consequently results in hyperglycemia. Actually, a central issue in the pathophysiology of all types of diabetes is the relative reduction of β-cell mass (BCM) and/or impairment of the function of individual β-cells. In the past two decades, scientists have been trying to develop imaging techniques for noninvasive measurement of the viability and mass of pancreatic β-cells. Despite intense scientific efforts, only two tracers for positron emission tomography (PET) and one contrast agent for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging are currently under clinical evaluation. β-cell specific imaging probes may also allow us to precisely and specifically visualize transplanted β-cells and to improve transplantation outcomes, as transplantation of pancreatic islets has shown promise in treating T1DM. In addition, some of these probes can be applied to the preoperative detection of hidden insulinomas as well. In the present review, we primarily summarize potential tracers under development for imaging β-cells with a focus on tracers for PET, SPECT, MRI, and optical imaging. We will discuss the advantages and limitations of the various imaging probes and extend an outlook on future developments in the field.
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Kosinova L, Patikova A, Jirak D, Galisova A, Vojtiskova A, Saudek F, Kriz J. A novel model for in vivo quantification of immediate liver perfusion impairment after pancreatic islet transplantation. Islets 2019; 11:129-140. [PMID: 31498024 PMCID: PMC6930024 DOI: 10.1080/19382014.2019.1651164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Instant Blood-Mediated Inflammatory Reaction (IBMIR) is a major cause of graft loss during pancreatic islet transplantation, leading to a low efficiency of this treatment method and significantly limiting its broader clinical use. Within the procedure, transplanted islets obstruct intrahepatic portal vein branches and consequently restrict blood supply of downstream lying liver tissue, resulting typically in ischemic necrosis. The extent of ischemic lesions is influenced by mechanical obstruction and inflammation, as well as subsequent recanalization and regeneration capacity of recipient liver tissue. Monitoring of immediate liver perfusion impairment, which is directly related to the intensity of post-transplant inflammation and thrombosis (IBMIR), is essential for improving therapeutic and preventive strategies to improve overall islet graft survival. In this study, we present a new experimental model enabling direct quantification of liver perfusion impairment after pancreatic islet transplantation using ligation of hepatic arteries followed by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The ligation of hepatic arteries prevents the contrast agent from circumventing the portal vein obstruction and enables to discriminate between well-perfused and non-perfused liver tissue. Here we demonstrate that the extent of liver ischemia reliably reflects the number of transplanted islets. This model represents a useful tool for in vivo monitoring of biological effect of IBMIR-alleviating interventions as well as other experiments related to liver ischemia. This technical paper introduces a novel technique and its first application in experimental animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Kosinova
- Laboratory of Pancreatic Islets, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- CONTACT Jan Kriz Laboratory of Pancreatic Islets, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alzbeta Patikova
- Laboratory of Pancreatic Islets, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Jirak
- Magnetic Resonance Unit, Radiodiagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Galisova
- Magnetic Resonance Unit, Radiodiagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alzbeta Vojtiskova
- Laboratory of Pancreatic Islets, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Saudek
- Laboratory of Pancreatic Islets, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Diabetes Center, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kriz
- Laboratory of Pancreatic Islets, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Diabetes Center, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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25
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Gan J, Wang Y, Zhou X. Stem cell transplantation for the treatment of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:4479-4492. [PMID: 30542397 PMCID: PMC6257425 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of stem cell (SC) transplantation in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has remained to be fully elucidated. In the present study, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to determine the clinical outcomes. Electronic databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, WanFang and the Cochrane Library were screened for relevant studies published until January 13, 2018. The references of retrieved papers, systematic reviews and trial registries were manually screened for additional papers. Two authors were involved in screening the titles in order to select eligible studies, extract data and assess the risk of bias. Studies were pooled using a random-effects model as well as the Begg's funnel plot and subgroup analysis was performed using Stata 14.0 software. A total of 47 studies were retrieved for detailed evaluation, of which 22 met the inclusion criteria. No substantial publication bias was identified. The meta-analysis revealed that SC therapy increased C-peptide levels when compared with placebo treatment in randomized-controlled trials [RCT; standardized mean difference (SMD), 0.93; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.23-1.63] and self-controlled trials (SMD, 0.66; 95% CI, -0.22 to 1.54). An analysis demonstrated that SC therapy was more efficient at reducing the glycated hemoglobin level compared with the control group in RCTs (SMD, 0.56; 95% CI; 0.06-1.06; and SMD, 1.63; 95% CI, 0.92-2.34, respectively). The graphs demonstrated that SC transplantation resulted in a reduction of insulin requirement. Furthermore, subgroup analyses revealed that patient age, medical history and the SC injection dose may be sources of the heterogeneity observed. The greatest benefit of SC transplantation was seen in patients aged ≥18 years or a medical history of <3 months. In addition, the SC injection dose of ≥107 IU/kg/day was more effective than <107 IU/kg/day when the cellular composition included mesenchymal SCs and hematopoietic SCs. In conclusion, SC therapy represents an efficient option for patients with T1DM. This systematic review was registered at the International prospective register of systematic reviews (no. 42018093930).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadi Gan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yingjin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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26
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Garcia Ribeiro RS, Gysemans C, da Cunha JPMCM, Manshian BB, Jirak D, Kriz J, Gallo J, Bañobre-López M, Struys T, De Cuyper M, Mathieu C, Soenen SJ, Gsell W, Himmelreich U. Magnetoliposomes as Contrast Agents for Longitudinal in vivo Assessment of Transplanted Pancreatic Islets in a Diabetic Rat Model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11487. [PMID: 30065302 PMCID: PMC6068133 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29136-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetoliposomes (MLs) were synthesized and tested for longitudinal monitoring of transplanted pancreatic islets using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in rat models. The rat insulinoma cell line INS-1E and isolated pancreatic islets from outbred and inbred rats were used to optimize labeling conditions in vitro. Strong MRI contrast was generated by islets exposed to 50 µg Fe/ml for 24 hours without any increased cell death, loss of function or other signs of toxicity. In vivo experiments showed that pancreatic islets (50-1000 units) labeled with MLs were detectable for up to 6 weeks post-transplantation in the kidney subcapsular space. Islets were also monitored for two weeks following transplantation through the portal vein of the liver. Hereby, islets labeled with MLs and transplanted under the left kidney capsule were able to correct hyperglycemia and had stable MRI signals until nephrectomy. Interestingly, in vivo MRI of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats transplanted with allogeneic islets demonstrated loss of MRI contrast between 7-16 days, indicative of loss of islet structure. MLs used in this study were not only beneficial for monitoring the location of transplanted islets in vivo with high sensitivity but also reported on islet integrity and hereby indirectly on islet function and rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Sofia Garcia Ribeiro
- Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU LEUVEN, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Conny Gysemans
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU LEUVEN, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Bella B Manshian
- Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU LEUVEN, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel Jirak
- MR Spectroscopy Unit, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Videnska 1958/9, 140 21, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Salmovska 1, 120 00, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kriz
- Diabetes Center, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Videnska 1958/9, 140 21, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Juan Gallo
- Diagnostic Tools & Methods/Advanced (magnetic) Theranostic Nanostructures Lab, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
| | - Manuel Bañobre-López
- Diagnostic Tools & Methods/Advanced (magnetic) Theranostic Nanostructures Lab, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330, Braga, Portugal
| | - Tom Struys
- Lab of Histology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan, B3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Marcel De Cuyper
- Laboratory of BioNanoColloids, Interdisciplinary Research Centre, KULAK/KU LEUVEN, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU LEUVEN, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefaan J Soenen
- Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU LEUVEN, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Willy Gsell
- Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU LEUVEN, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU LEUVEN, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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27
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Abstract
Pancreatic islets (PIs) transplantation is an alternative approach for the treatment of severe forms of type 1 diabetes (T1D). To monitor the success of transplantation, it is desirable to follow the location of engrafted PIs non-invasively. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of transplanted PIs is a feasible cell tracking method; however, this requires labeling with a suitable contrast agent prior to transplantation. We have tested the feasibility of cationic magnetoliposomes (MLs), compared to commercial contrast agents (Endorem and Resovist), by labeling insulinoma cells and freshly isolated rat PIs. It was possible to incorporate Magnetic Ressonance (MR)-detectable amounts of MLs in a shorter time (4 h) when compared to Endorem and Resovist. MLs did not show negative effects on the PIs' viability and functional parameters in vitro. Labeled islets were transplanted in the renal sub-capsular region of healthy mice. Hypointense contrast in MR images due to the labeled PIs was detected in vivo upon transplantation, while MR detection of PIs labeled with Endorem and Resovist was only possible after the addition of transfection agents. These findings indicate that MLs are suitable to image PIs, without affecting their function, which is promising for future longitudinal pre-clinical and clinical studies involving the assessment of PI transplantation.
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28
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Wang P, Goodwill PW, Pandit P, Gaudet J, Ross A, Wang J, Yu E, Hensley DW, Doyle TC, Contag CH, Conolly S, Moore A. Magnetic particle imaging of islet transplantation in the liver and under the kidney capsule in mouse models. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2018; 8:114-122. [PMID: 29675353 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2018.02.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Islet transplantation (Tx) represents the most promising therapy to restore normoglycemia in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients to date. As significant islet loss has been observed after the procedure, there is an urgent need for developing strategies for monitoring transplanted islet grafts. In this report we describe for the first time the application of magnetic particle imaging (MPI) for monitoring transplanted islets in the liver and under the kidney capsule in experimental animals. Methods Pancreatic islets isolated from Papio hamadryas were labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxides (SPIOs) and used for either islet phantoms or Tx in the liver or under the kidney capsule of NOD scid mice. MPI was used to image and quantify islet phantoms and islet transplanted experimental animals post-mortem at 1 and 14 days after Tx. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to confirm the presence of labeled islets in the liver and under the kidney capsule 1 day after Tx. Results MPI of labeled islet phantoms confirmed linear correlation between the number of islets and the MPI signal (R2=0.988). Post-mortem MPI performed on day 1 after Tx showed high signal contrast in the liver and under the kidney capsule. Quantitation of the signal supports islet loss over time, which is normally observed 2 weeks after Tx. No MPI signal was observed in control animals. In vivo MRI confirmed the presence of labeled islets/islet clusters in liver parenchyma and under the kidney capsule one day after Tx. Conclusions Here we demonstrate that MPI can be used for quantitative detection of labeled pancreatic islets in the liver and under the kidney capsule of experimental animals. We believe that MPI, a modality with no depth attenuation and zero background tissue signal could be a suitable method for imaging transplanted islet grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Precision Health Program, Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Patrick W Goodwill
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Magnetic Insight, Inc., Alameda, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Alana Ross
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elaine Yu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Daniel W Hensley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Timothy C Doyle
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christopher H Contag
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Steven Conolly
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Anna Moore
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Precision Health Program, Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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29
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Li C, Yang B, Xu Z, Boivin E, Black M, Huang W, Xu B, Wu P, Zhang B, Li X, Chen K, Wu Y, Rayat GR. Protective effect of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside on neonatal porcine islets. J Endocrinol 2017; 235:237-249. [PMID: 28931557 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major cause of islet injury and dysfunction during isolation and transplantation procedures. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), which is present in various fruits and vegetables especially in Chinese bayberry, shows a potent antioxidant property. In this study, we determined whether C3G could protect neonatal porcine islets (NPI) from reactive oxygen species (H2O2)-induced injury in vitro and promote the function of NPI in diabetic mice. We found that C3G had no deleterious effect on NPI and that C3G protected NPI from damage induced by H2O2 Significantly higher hemeoxygenase-1 (HO1) gene expression was detected in C3G-treated NPI compared to untreated islets before and after transplantation (P < 0.05). Western blot analysis showed a significant increase in the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K/Akt) proteins in C3G-treated NPI compared to untreated islets. C3G induced the nuclear translocation of nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and the significant elevation of HO1 protein. Recipients of C3G-treated NPI with or without C3G-supplemented drinking water achieved normoglycemia earlier compared to recipients of untreated islets. Mice that received C3G-treated islets with or without C3G-supplemented water displayed significantly lower blood glucose levels at 5-10 weeks post-transplantation compared to mice that received untreated islets. Mice that received C3G-treated NPI and C3G-supplemented drinking water had significantly (P < 0.05) lower blood glucose levels at 7 and 8 weeks post-transplantation compared to mice that received C3G-treated islets. These findings suggest that C3G has a beneficial effect on NPI through the activation of ERK1/2- and PI3K/AKT-induced NRF2-mediated HO1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hanghzou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hanghzou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhihao Xu
- Department of SurgeryRay Rajotte Surgical-Medical Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eric Boivin
- Department of SurgeryRay Rajotte Surgical-Medical Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mazzen Black
- Department of SurgeryRay Rajotte Surgical-Medical Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wenlong Huang
- Department of SurgeryRay Rajotte Surgical-Medical Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Baoyou Xu
- Department of SurgeryRay Rajotte Surgical-Medical Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of SurgeryRay Rajotte Surgical-Medical Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hanghzou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xian Li
- Department of HorticultureCollege of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kunsong Chen
- Department of HorticultureCollege of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yulian Wu
- Department of SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hanghzou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gina R Rayat
- Department of SurgeryRay Rajotte Surgical-Medical Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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30
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Liang S, Dresselaers T, Louchami K, Zhu C, Liu Y, Himmelreich U. Comparison of different compressed sensing algorithms for low SNR 19 F MRI applications-Imaging of transplanted pancreatic islets and cells labeled with perfluorocarbons. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:e3776. [PMID: 28841762 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation of pancreatic islets is a possible treatment option for patients suffering from Type I diabetes. In vivo imaging of transplanted islets is important for assessment of the transplantation site and islet distribution. Thanks to its high specificity, the absence of intrinsic background signal in tissue and its potential for quantification, 19 F MRI is a promising technique for monitoring the fate of transplanted islets in vivo. In order to overcome the inherent low sensitivity of 19 F MRI, leading to long acquisition times with low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), compressed sensing (CS) techniques are a valuable option. We have validated and compared different CS algorithms for acceleration of 19 F MRI acquisition in a low SNR regime using pancreatic islets labeled with perfluorocarbons both in vitro and in vivo. Using offline simulation on both in vitro and in vivo low SNR fully sampled 19 F MRI datasets of labeled islets, we have shown that CS is effective in reducing the image acquisition time by a factor of three to four without seriously affecting SNR, regardless of the particular algorithms used in this study, with the exception of CoSaMP. Using CS, signals can be detected that might have been missed by conventional 19 F MRI. Among different algorithms (SPARSEMRI, OMMP, IRWL1, Two-level and CoSAMP), the two-level l1 method has shown the best performance if computational time is taken into account. We have demonstrated in this study that different existing CS algorithms can be used effectively for low SNR 19 F MRI. An up to fourfold gain in SNR/scan time could be used either to reduce the scan time, which is beneficial for clinical and translational applications, or to increase the number of averages, to potentially detect otherwise undetected signal when compared with conventional 19 F MRI acquisitions. Potential applications in the field of cell therapy have been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuan Liang
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Bio-Imaging Lab, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tom Dresselaers
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karim Louchami
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Hormonology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Ce Zhu
- School of Electronic Engineering/Center for Information in Medicine/Center for Robotics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China
| | - Yipeng Liu
- School of Electronic Engineering/Center for Information in Medicine/Center for Robotics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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31
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Sarkis S, Silencieux F, Markwick KE, Fortin MA, Hoesli CA. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Alginate Beads Containing Pancreatic Beta Cells and Paramagnetic Nanoparticles. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:3576-3587. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sary Sarkis
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Wong Building, 3610 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A
0C5, Canada
| | - Fanny Silencieux
- Laboratoire
de Biomatériaux pour l’Imagerie médicale, Axe
Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec (CR-CHU de Québec), 10 rue de l’Espinay, Québec
City, QC G1L 3L5, Canada
- Centre
de recherche sur les matériaux avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, Pavillon Vachon, 1065 avenue de la Médecine, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département
de Génie des Mines, de la Métallurgie et des Matériaux, Université Laval, Pavillon Pouliot, 1065 avenue de la Médecine, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Karen E. Markwick
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Wong Building, 3610 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A
0C5, Canada
| | - Marc-André Fortin
- Laboratoire
de Biomatériaux pour l’Imagerie médicale, Axe
Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec (CR-CHU de Québec), 10 rue de l’Espinay, Québec
City, QC G1L 3L5, Canada
- Centre
de recherche sur les matériaux avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, Pavillon Vachon, 1065 avenue de la Médecine, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département
de Génie des Mines, de la Métallurgie et des Matériaux, Université Laval, Pavillon Pouliot, 1065 avenue de la Médecine, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Corinne A. Hoesli
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Wong Building, 3610 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A
0C5, Canada
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32
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MRI-sensitive contrast agent with anticoagulant activity for surface camouflage of transplanted pancreatic islets. Biomaterials 2017; 138:121-130. [PMID: 28558297 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic islet implantation in the liver is a promising approach for diabetes therapy. However, 70% of the islet mass fails to be engrafted in the liver due to the instant blood-mediated inflammatory reactions (IBMIR) resulting from direct contact between islet cells and the bloodstream. To overcome this issue, direct monitoring is very important for establishing prognosis after islet cell therapy. Here we established a new type of MR contrast agent with anticoagulant activity via heparin-immobilized superparamagnetic iron oxide (HSPIO). The HSPIO was chemically conjugated onto islet surface ex vivo without damage of their viability and functionality. The conjugated HSPIO nanoparticles onto islet surface could attenuate IBMIR in vitro and in vivo. The HSPIO-conjugated islets could cure the blood glucose levels of diabetes animals after implantation. In addition, the HSPIO nanoparticles were well maintained on the transplanted islets for a long time during modulation of inflammation. Also, they allowed for stable visualization of the implanted islet cells for more than 150 days without reduction of the MRI signal. Furthermore, when HSPIO itself was intraportally injected, it was rapidly eliminated without accumulation in the liver, suggesting that HSPIO nanoparticles could only track the immobilized islet. Collectively, this HSPIO nanoparticle having MRI sensitivity and anticoagulant activity could be utilized for successful islet implantation.
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33
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Yoo B, Kavishwar A, Wang P, Ross A, Pantazopoulos P, Dudley M, Moore A, Medarova Z. Therapy targeted to the metastatic niche is effective in a model of stage IV breast cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45060. [PMID: 28322342 PMCID: PMC5359550 DOI: 10.1038/srep45060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of stage IV metastatic breast cancer patients is limited to palliative options and represents an unmet clinical need. Here, we demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of miRNA-10b - a master regulator of metastatic cell viability – leads to elimination of distant metastases in a mouse model of metastatic breast cancer. This was achieved using the miRNA-10b inhibitory nanodrug, MN-anti-miR10b, which consists of magnetic nanoparticles, conjugated to LNA-based miR-10b antagomirs. Intravenous injection of MN-anti-miR10b into mice bearing lung, bone, and brain metastases from breast cancer resulted in selective accumulation of the nanodrug in metastatic tumor cells. Weekly treatments of mice with MN-anti-miR-10b and low-dose doxorubicin resulted in complete regression of pre-existing distant metastases in 65% of the animals and a significant reduction in cancer mortality. These observations were supported by dramatic reduction in proliferation and increase in apoptosis in metastatic sites. On a molecular level, we observed a significant increase in the expression of HOXD10, which is a known target of miRNA-10b. These results represent first steps into the uncharted territory of therapy targeted to the metastatic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byunghee Yoo
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Amol Kavishwar
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Alana Ross
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Pamela Pantazopoulos
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | | | - Anna Moore
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Zdravka Medarova
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
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Macrophage phagocytosis alters the MRI signal of ferumoxytol-labeled mesenchymal stromal cells in cartilage defects. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25897. [PMID: 27174199 PMCID: PMC4865731 DOI: 10.1038/srep25897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are a promising tool for cartilage regeneration in arthritic joints. hMSC labeling with iron oxide nanoparticles enables non-invasive in vivo monitoring of transplanted cells in cartilage defects with MR imaging. Since graft failure leads to macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, we evaluated in vitro and in vivo whether nanoparticle-labeled hMSCs show distinct MR signal characteristics before and after phagocytosis by macrophages. We found that apoptotic nanoparticle-labeled hMSCs were phagocytosed by macrophages while viable nanoparticle-labeled hMSCs were not. Serial MRI scans of hMSC transplants in arthritic joints of recipient rats showed that the iron signal of apoptotic, nanoparticle-labeled hMSCs engulfed by macrophages disappeared faster compared to viable hMSCs. This corresponded to poor cartilage repair outcomes of the apoptotic hMSC transplants. Therefore, rapid decline of iron MRI signal at the transplant site can indicate cell death and predict incomplete defect repair weeks later. Currently, hMSC graft failure can be only diagnosed by lack of cartilage defect repair several months after cell transplantation. The described imaging signs can diagnose hMSC transplant failure more readily, which could enable timely re-interventions and avoid unnecessary follow up studies of lost transplants.
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Wang P, Moore A. In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Small Interfering RNA Nanodelivery to Pancreatic Islets. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1372:25-36. [PMID: 26530912 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3148-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation is a promising therapeutic approach for type 1 diabetes.However, recent advances in islet transplantation are limited by significant graft loss after transplantation. Multiple immunological and nonimmunological factors contribute to this loss. Novel therapies that could target the core reasons for the islet graft loss are desperately needed. Small interfering RNA can be used to inhibit the expression of virtually any gene with single-nucleotide specificity including genes responsible for islet damage. Applying adequate delivery of siRNA molecules to pancreatic islets prior to transplantation holds a great potential for improving the survival of islet grafts. Noninvasive imaging provides means for monitoring the survival of transplanted islets in real time. Here, we summarize the approach that has been developed to deliver siRNA to pancreatic islets in conjunction with tracking of the graft outcome by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We synthesize a nano-sized theranostic agent consisting of magnetic nanoparticles (MN), a reporter for MRI, labeled with Cy5.5 dye for near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging, and conjugated to siRNA molecule targeting genes that are harmful to islet grafts. Pre-labeling of islets by MN-Cy5.5-siRNA allowed us to monitor the survival of transplanted islet grafts by MRI and NIRF imaging and resulted in efficient silencing of the target genes in vivo. This novel approach combines a therapeutic effect provided by RNA interference technology with in vivo MR imaging and is expected to significantly improve the outcome of islet transplantation in patients with type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Building 75, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- , Boston, USA
| | - Anna Moore
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Building 75, 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
- , Boston, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Information regarding the longevity of transplanted pancreatic islet grafts could provide valuable information for treatment options. In our previous studies, we showed that isolated autologous pancreatic islets could be labeled with iron oxide nanoparticles and monitored after transplantation using MRI. Here, we report on in vivo monitoring of a secondary damage that occurs at the later stages because of allogeneic immune rejection. METHODS In the proof-of-principle studies, iron oxide-labeled autologous pancreatic islets were transplanted under the renal capsules of nonhuman primates. To demonstrate acute graft loss, the animals were injected with streptozotocin. Graft monitoring was performed by in vivo MRI. Next, iron oxide-labeled allogeneic islets were transplanted into the liver and monitored by MRI after withdrawal of immunosuppression. RESULTS In autologous model, we observed a pronounced drop in graft volume after streptozotocin challenge as assessed by MRI. In allogeneic model of islet transplantation, there was an initial islet loss after the procedure followed by relative stabilization of the graft volume. After immunosuppression was discontinued, there was a noticeable drop in graft volume that gradually continued during the course of the study. Importantly, the loss of graft volume observed on MR preceded the raise in blood glucose. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that in vivo MRI was able to reveal graft volume loss before any changes in blood glucose that can be measured by standard methods. We believe that these results could provide means for clinicians to follow islet fate noninvasively and longitudinally using clinically relevant scanners.
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Malosio ML, Esposito A, Brigatti C, Palmisano A, Piemonti L, Nano R, Maffi P, De Cobelli F, Del Maschio A, Secchi A. MR Imaging Monitoring of Iron-Labeled Pancreatic Islets in a Small Series of Patients: Islet Fate in Successful, Unsuccessful, and Autotransplantation. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:2285-96. [DOI: 10.3727/096368914x684060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation is one of the most promising and effective therapies for restoring normoglycemia in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients, but islet engraftment is one of the main obstacles hampering long-term success. Monitoring graft loss, caused either by immunological or nonimmunological events, occurring in the first phase after transplantation and at later stages of a patient's life is a very important issue. Among the imaging approaches previously applied, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) monitoring of islet fate following labeling with superparamagnetic iron oxide agents yielded promising results. The aim of this study was to translate into patients the method of islet labeling and MRI monitoring developed in our preclinical setting and to compare imaging results with graft clinical outcome. Three T1D patients and one nondiabetic patient undergoing autotransplantation following subtotal pancreatectomy received Endorem®-labeled islets. Patients were monitored by MRI and metabolically (HbA1c, exogenous insulin requirement, and C-peptide, TEF) at 1, 3, and 7 days following transplantation and once a month up to 10 months. Labeled transplanted islets appeared as hypointense areas scattered within the liver parenchyma, whose absolute number at 24 h after transplantation reflected the labeling efficiency. In patients #1 and #3 with good midterm graft function, MRI follow-up showed an important early loss of hypointense spots followed by a slow and progressive disappearance at later timepoints. Graft loss of function in patient #2 4 weeks after transplantation was associated with the complete disappearance of all hypointense signals. The autotransplanted patient, stably insulin free, showed no significant signal reduction during the first 3 days, followed by loss of spots similar to a patient with good midterm graft function. These results suggest that MRI monitoring of islet transplantation at early time points could represent a meaningful readout for helping in predicting transplant failure or success, but its relevance for mid/long-term islet function assessment appears evanescent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Malosio
- Diabetes Research Institute, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Esposito
- Radiology Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Center of Experimental Imaging, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Brigatti
- Diabetes Research Institute, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Palmisano
- Radiology Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Center of Experimental Imaging, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Human Islet Isolation and Transplantation Program, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Nano
- Diabetes Research Institute, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Human Islet Isolation and Transplantation Program, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Maffi
- Diabetes Research Institute, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Transplant Medicine Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco De Cobelli
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Radiology Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Center of Experimental Imaging, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Del Maschio
- Radiology Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Center of Experimental Imaging, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Secchi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Transplant Medicine Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Chen W, Fu L, Chen X. Improving cell-based therapies by nanomodification. J Control Release 2015; 219:560-575. [PMID: 26423238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies are emerging as a promising approach for various diseases. Their therapeutic efficacy depends on rational control and regulation of the functions and behaviors of cells during their treatments. Different from conventional regulatory strategy by chemical adjuvants or genetic engineering, which is restricted by limited synergistic regulatory efficiency or uncertain safety problems, a novel approach based on nanoscale artificial materials can be applied to modify living cells to endow them with novel functions and unique properties. Inspired by natural "nano shell" and "nano compass" structures, cell nanomodification can be developed through both external and internal pathways. In this review, some novel cell surface engineering and intracellular nanoconjugation strategies are summarized. Their potential applications are also discussed, including cell protection, cell labeling, targeted delivery and in situ regulation. It is believed that these novel cell-material complexes can have great potentials for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China; Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Liwu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
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Baskin DG. A Historical Perspective on the Identification of Cell Types in Pancreatic Islets of Langerhans by Staining and Histochemical Techniques. J Histochem Cytochem 2015; 63:543-58. [PMID: 26216133 PMCID: PMC4530402 DOI: 10.1369/0022155415589119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Before the middle of the previous century, cell types of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans were identified primarily on the basis of their color reactions with histological dyes. At that time, the chemical basis for the staining properties of islet cells in relation to the identity, chemistry and structure of their hormones was not fully understood. Nevertheless, the definitive islet cell types that secrete glucagon, insulin, and somatostatin (A, B, and D cells, respectively) could reliably be differentiated from each other with staining protocols that involved variations of one or more tinctorial techniques, such as the Mallory-Heidenhain azan trichrome, chromium hematoxylin and phloxine, aldehyde fuchsin, and silver impregnation methods, which were popularly used until supplanted by immunohistochemical techniques. Before antibody-based staining methods, the most bona fide histochemical techniques for the identification of islet B cells were based on the detection of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups of insulin. The application of the classical islet tinctorial staining methods for pathophysiological studies and physiological experiments was fundamental to our understanding of islet architecture and the physiological roles of A and B cells in glucose regulation and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis G Baskin
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Research and Development Service, Seattle, WA, USA (DGB)Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA (DGB)
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Hair follicle dermal sheath derived cells improve islet allograft survival without systemic immunosuppression. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:607328. [PMID: 26000314 PMCID: PMC4427120 DOI: 10.1155/2015/607328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppressive drugs successfully prevent rejection of islet allografts in the treatment of type I diabetes. However, the drugs also suppress systemic immunity increasing the risk of opportunistic infection and cancer development in allograft recipients. In this study, we investigated a new treatment for autoimmune diabetes using naturally immune privileged, hair follicle derived, autologous cells to provide localized immune protection of islet allotransplants. Islets from Balb/c mouse donors were cotransplanted with syngeneic hair follicle dermal sheath cup cells (DSCC, group 1) or fibroblasts (FB, group 2) under the kidney capsule of immune-competent, streptozotocin induced, diabetic C57BL/6 recipients. Group 1 allografts survived significantly longer than group 2 (32.2 ± 12.2 versus 14.1 ± 3.3 days, P < 0.001) without administration of any systemic immunosuppressive agents. DSCC reduced T cell activation in the renal lymph node, prevented graft infiltrates, modulated inflammatory chemokine and cytokine profiles, and preserved better beta cell function in the islet allografts, but no systemic immunosuppression was observed. In summary, DSCC prolong islet allograft survival without systemic immunosuppression by local modulation of alloimmune responses, enhancing of beta cell survival, and promoting of graft revascularization. This novel finding demonstrates the capacity of easily accessible hair follicle cells to be used as local immunosuppression agents in islet transplantation.
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Insulin-producing cells from embryonic stem cells rescues hyperglycemia via intra-spleen migration. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7586. [PMID: 25533571 PMCID: PMC4274503 DOI: 10.1038/srep07586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Implantation of embryonic stem cells (ESC)-derived insulin-producing cells has been extensively investigated for treatment of diabetes in animal models. However, the in vivo behavior and migration of transplanted cells in diabetic models remains unclear. Here we investigated the location and migration of insulin-producing cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) using a dynamic MRI tracking method. SPIO labeled cells showed hypointense signal under the kidney subcapsules of diabetic mice on MRI, and faded gradually over the visiting time. However, new hypointense signal appeared in the spleen 1 week after transplantation, and became obvious with the time prolongation. Further histological examination proved the immigrated cells were insulin and C-peptide positive cells which were evenly distributed throughout the spleen. These intra-spleen insulin-producing cells maintained their protective effects against hyperglycemia in vivo, and these effects were reversed upon spleen removal. Transplantation of insulin-producing cells through spleen acquired an earlier blood glucose control as compared with that through kidney subcapsules. In summary, our data demonstrate that insulin-producing cells transplanted through kidney subcapsules were not located in situ but migrated into spleen, and rescues hyperglycemia in diabetic models. MRI may provide a novel tracking method for preclinical cell transplantation therapy of diabetes continuously and non-invasively.
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Moudgil R, Dick AJ. Regenerative Cell Imaging in Cardiac Repair. Can J Cardiol 2014; 30:1323-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Naumova AV, Modo M, Moore A, Murry CE, Frank JA. Clinical imaging in regenerative medicine. Nat Biotechnol 2014; 32:804-18. [PMID: 25093889 PMCID: PMC4164232 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.2993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In regenerative medicine, clinical imaging is indispensable for characterizing damaged tissue and for measuring the safety and efficacy of therapy. However, the ability to track the fate and function of transplanted cells with current technologies is limited. Exogenous contrast labels such as nanoparticles give a strong signal in the short term but are unreliable long term. Genetically encoded labels are good both short- and long-term in animals, but in the human setting they raise regulatory issues related to the safety of genomic integration and potential immunogenicity of reporter proteins. Imaging studies in brain, heart and islets share a common set of challenges, including developing novel labeling approaches to improve detection thresholds and early delineation of toxicity and function. Key areas for future research include addressing safety concerns associated with genetic labels and developing methods to follow cell survival, differentiation and integration with host tissue. Imaging may bridge the gap between cell therapies and health outcomes by elucidating mechanisms of action through longitudinal monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Naumova
- 1] Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. [2] Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. [3] Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michel Modo
- 1] McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. [2] Centre for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. [3] Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. [4] Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna Moore
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles E Murry
- 1] Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. [2] Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. [3] Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. [4] Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. [5] Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joseph A Frank
- 1] Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [2] National Institutes of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Wang P, Yoo B, Yang J, Zhang X, Ross A, Pantazopoulos P, Dai G, Moore A. GLP-1R-targeting magnetic nanoparticles for pancreatic islet imaging. Diabetes 2014; 63:1465-74. [PMID: 24458362 PMCID: PMC4178324 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Noninvasive assessment of pancreatic β-cell mass would tremendously aid in managing type 1 diabetes (T1D). Toward this goal, we synthesized an exendin-4 conjugated magnetic iron oxide-based nanoparticle probe targeting glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R), which is highly expressed on the surface of pancreatic β-cells. In vitro studies in βTC-6, the β-cell line, showed specific accumulation of the targeted probe (termed MN-Ex10-Cy5.5) compared with nontargeted (termed MN-Cy5.5). In vivo magnetic resonance imaging showed a significant transverse relaxation time (T2) shortening in the pancreata of mice injected with the MN-Ex10-Cy5.5 probe compared with control animals injected with the nontargeted probe at 7.5 and 24 h after injection. Furthermore, ΔT2 of the pancreata of prediabetic NOD mice was significantly higher than that of diabetic NOD mice after the injection of MN-Ex10-Cy5.5, indicating the decrease of probe accumulation in these animals due to β-cell loss. Of note, ΔT2 of prediabetic and diabetic NOD mice injected with MN-Cy5.5 was not significantly changed, reflecting the nonspecific mode of accumulation of nontargeted probe. We believe our results point to the potential for using this agent for monitoring the disease development and response of T1D to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital/Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Harvard Medical School Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Byunghee Yoo
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital/Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Harvard Medical School Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jingsheng Yang
- Massachusetts General Hospital/Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Harvard Medical School Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital/Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Harvard Medical School Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Alana Ross
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital/Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Harvard Medical School Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Pamela Pantazopoulos
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital/Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Harvard Medical School Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Guangping Dai
- Massachusetts General Hospital/Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Harvard Medical School Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Anna Moore
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital/Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Harvard Medical School Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Clemente-Casares X, Santamaria P. Nanomedicine in autoimmunity. Immunol Lett 2014; 158:167-74. [PMID: 24406504 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2013.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The application of nanotechnology to the diagnosis and therapy of human diseases is already a reality and is causing a real revolution in how we design new therapies and vaccines. In this review we focus on the applications of nanotechnology in the field of autoimmunity. First, we review scenarios in which iron oxide nanoparticles have been used in the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases, mostly through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), both in animal models and patients. Second, we discuss the potential of nanoparticles as an immunotherapeutic platform for autoimmune diseases, for now exclusively in pre-clinical models. Finally, we discuss the potential of this field to generate the 'perfect drug' with the capacity to report on its therapeutic efficacy in real time, that is, the birth of theranostics in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Clemente-Casares
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pere Santamaria
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut D'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.
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Deligianni X, Jirák D, Berková Z, Hájek M, Scheffler K, Bieri O. In vivo visualization of cells labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxides by a sub-millisecond gradient echo sequence. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 27:329-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s10334-013-0422-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zhang B, Buya M, Qin W, Sun C, Cai H, Xie Q, Xu B, Wu Y. Anthocyanins from Chinese bayberry extract activate transcription factor Nrf2 in β cells and negatively regulate oxidative stress-induced autophagy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:8765-8772. [PMID: 23930663 DOI: 10.1021/jf4012399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Islet replacement is a promising cure for insulin-dependent diabetes but is limited by a massive early cell death following transplantation. Overburden oxidative stress is one of the major factors causing cell damage. We have shown previously that anthocyanins in Chinese bayberry extract protected β cells (INS-1) from hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced apoptosis and decreased grafts' apoptosis after transplantation partially through heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) up-regulation. In the present study, we observed that H₂O₂ stimulation induced autophagy in β cells. Inhibition of autophagy increased cell viability and decreased cell death. Anthocyanin pretreatment attenuated oxidative stress-mediated autophagic cell death. Anthocyanins activated antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 in INS-1 cells, and Nrf2/HO-1 negatively regulated autophagy process. Furthermore, we here demonstrate that autophagy also took place in β cell grafts during the early post-transplantation phase. β Cells pretreated with anthocyanins displayed decreased extent of autophagy after transplantation. Taken together, these findings further supported the conclusion that anthocyanins could serve as a protective agent of β cells and suggested that autophagy might play a role in β cells during transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Surgery (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310009, People's Republic of China
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Quantification of Islet Loss and Graft Functionality During Immune Rejection by 3-Tesla MRI in a Rat Model. Transplantation 2013; 96:438-44. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e31829b080f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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49
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Kitamura N, Nakai R, Kohda H, Furuta-Okamoto K, Iwata H. Labeling of islet cells with iron oxide nanoparticles through DNA hybridization for highly sensitive detection by MRI. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:7175-81. [PMID: 24084295 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A labeling method for islet cells with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs) based on DNA hybridization is proposed for monitoring of transplanted islets by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The surfaces of SPIOs were modified by via Michael reaction by reacting oligo-(deoxyadenylic acid)-bearing a terminal thiol group at the 5'-end ((dA)20-SH) with maleic acid functional groups on the SPIOs. The SPIOs were immobilized on islet cells which had been pretreated with oligo-(thymidylic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol)-phospholipid conjugates ((dT)20-PEG-DPPE) through DNA hybridization. Transmission electron microscopy observations revealed that SPIOs were initially anchored on the islet cell surfaces and subsequently transferred to endosomes or exfoliated with time. The SPIO-labeled islet cells could be clearly detected as dark spots by T2(*)-weighted MR image, whereas non-labeled islet cells could not be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narufumi Kitamura
- Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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50
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Sakata N, Yoshimatsu G, Tsuchiya H, Aoki T, Mizuma M, Motoi F, Katayose Y, Kodama T, Egawa S, Unno M. Imaging of transplanted islets by positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasonography. Islets 2013; 5:179-87. [PMID: 24231367 PMCID: PMC4010569 DOI: 10.4161/isl.26980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
While islet transplantation is considered a useful therapeutic option for severe diabetes mellitus (DM), the outcome of this treatment remains unsatisfactory. This is largely due to the damage and loss of islets in the early transplant stage. Thus, it is important to monitor the condition of the transplanted islets, so that a treatment can be selected to rescue the islets from damage if needed. Recently, numerous trials have been performed to investigate the efficacy of different imaging modalities for visualizing transplanted islets. Positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the most commonly used imaging modalities for this purpose. Some groups, including ours, have also tried to visualize transplanted islets by ultrasonography (US). In this review article, we discuss the recent progress in islet imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoaki Sakata
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery; Department of Surgery; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai, Japan
- Correspondence to: Naoaki Sakata,
| | - Gumpei Yoshimatsu
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery; Department of Surgery; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai, Japan
| | - Haruyuki Tsuchiya
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery; Department of Surgery; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai, Japan
| | - Takeshi Aoki
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery; Department of Surgery; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai, Japan
| | - Masamichi Mizuma
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery; Department of Surgery; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai, Japan
| | - Fuyuhiko Motoi
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery; Department of Surgery; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai, Japan
| | - Yu Katayose
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery; Department of Surgery; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai, Japan
- Division of Integrated Surgery and Oncology; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kodama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering; Tohoku University; Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinichi Egawa
- Division of International Cooperation for Disaster Medicine; International Research Institute of Disaster Science; Tohoku University; Sendai, Japan
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery; Department of Surgery; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai, Japan
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