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Ivovic A, Yung JHM, Oprescu AI, Vlavcheski F, Mori Y, Rahman SMN, Ye W, Eversley JA, Wheeler MB, Woo M, Tsiani E, Giacca A. β-Cell Insulin Resistance Plays a Causal Role in Fat-Induced β-Cell Dysfunction In Vitro and In Vivo. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae044. [PMID: 38578954 PMCID: PMC11033845 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
In the classical insulin target tissues of liver, muscle, and adipose tissue, chronically elevated levels of free fatty acids (FFA) impair insulin signaling. Insulin signaling molecules are also present in β-cells where they play a role in β-cell function. Therefore, inhibition of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 pathway may be involved in fat-induced β-cell dysfunction. To address the role of β-cell insulin resistance in FFA-induced β-cell dysfunction we co-infused bisperoxovanadate (BPV) with oleate or olive oil for 48 hours in rats. BPV, a tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, acts as an insulin mimetic and is devoid of any antioxidant effect that could prevent β-cell dysfunction, unlike most insulin sensitizers. Following fat infusion, rats either underwent hyperglycemic clamps for assessment of β-cell function in vivo or islets were isolated for ex vivo assessment of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). We also incubated islets with oleate or palmitate and BPV for in vitro assessment of GSIS and Akt (protein kinase B) phosphorylation. Next, mice with β-cell specific deletion of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog; negative regulator of insulin signaling) and littermate controls were infused with oleate for 48 hours, followed by hyperglycemic clamps or ex vivo evaluation of GSIS. In rat experiments, BPV protected against fat-induced impairment of β-cell function in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro. In mice, β-cell specific deletion of PTEN protected against oleate-induced β-cell dysfunction in vivo and ex vivo. These data support the hypothesis that β-cell insulin resistance plays a causal role in FFA-induced β-cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Ivovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Justin Hou Ming Yung
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Andrei I Oprescu
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Filip Vlavcheski
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Yusaku Mori
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Anti-Glycation Research Section, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - S M Niazur Rahman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Wenyue Ye
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Judith A Eversley
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Michael B Wheeler
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Minna Woo
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Evangelia Tsiani
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Adria Giacca
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
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Liu H, Niu T, Qiu G, Cui S, Zhang D. Taurine promotes insulin synthesis by enhancing Isl-1 expression through miR-7a/RAF1/ERK1/2 pathway. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024; 60:23-35. [PMID: 38117455 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00835-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
It has been well established that the circulating taurine affects the insulin synthesis in pancreatic islet β-cells, whereas miR-7a and LIM-homeodomain transcription factor Isl-1 are important intracellular factors regulating insulin transcription and synthesis. However, it still remains unknown whether taurine regulates insulin synthesis by affecting miR-7a and/or Isl-1 expressions in mouse pancreatic islet β-cells. The present study was thus proposed to identify the effects of taurine on the expressions of miR-7a and/or Isl-1 and their relations to insulin synthesis in mouse pancreatic islet β-cells by using miR-7a2 knockout (KO) and taurine transporter (TauT) KO mouse models and the related in vitro experiments. The results demonstrated that taurine supplement significantly decreased the pancreas miR-7a expression, but sharply upregulated the pancreas Isl-1 and insulin expressions, and serum insulin levels. However, the enhanced effects of taurine on Isl-1 expression and insulin synthesis were mitigated in the TauT KO and miR-7a2 KO mice. In addition, our results confirmed that taurine markedly increased pancreas RAF1 and ERK1/2 expressions. Collectively, the present study firstly demonstrates that taurine regulates insulin synthesis through TauT/miR-7a/RAF1/ERK1/2/Isl-1 signaling pathway, which are crucial for our understanding the mechanisms of taurine affecting insulin synthesis, and also potential for establishing the therapeutic strategies for diabetes and the diseases related to metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Reproduction and Metabolism, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongjuan Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Reproduction and Metabolism, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guobin Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Reproduction and Metabolism, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Reproduction and Metabolism, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Reproduction and Metabolism, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Miranda MA, Macias-Velasco JF, Schmidt H, Lawson HA. Integrated transcriptomics contrasts fatty acid metabolism with hypoxia response in β-cell subpopulations associated with glycemic control. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:156. [PMID: 36978008 PMCID: PMC10052828 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09232-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how heterogeneous β-cell function impacts diabetes is imperative for therapy development. Standard single-cell RNA sequencing analysis illuminates some factors driving heterogeneity, but new strategies are required to enhance information capture. RESULTS We integrate pancreatic islet single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing data to identify β-cell subpopulations based on gene expression and characterize genetic networks associated with β-cell function in obese SM/J mice. We identify β-cell subpopulations associated with basal insulin secretion, hypoxia response, cell polarity, and stress response. Network analysis associates fatty acid metabolism and basal insulin secretion with hyperglycemic-obesity, while expression of Pdyn and hypoxia response is associated with normoglycemic-obesity. CONCLUSIONS By integrating single-cell and bulk islet transcriptomes, our study explores β-cell heterogeneity and identifies novel subpopulations and genetic pathways associated with β-cell function in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A Miranda
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8232, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Juan F Macias-Velasco
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8232, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Heather Schmidt
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8232, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Heather A Lawson
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8232, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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Kokabi F, Ebrahimi S, Mirzavi F, Ghiasi Nooghabi N, Hashemi SF, Hashemy SI. The neuropeptide substance P/neurokinin-1 receptor system and diabetes: From mechanism to therapy. Biofactors 2023. [PMID: 36651605 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a significant public health issue known as the world's fastest-growing disease condition. It is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and subsequent chronic complications leading to organ dysfunction and, ultimately, the failure of target organs. Substance P (SP) is an undecapeptide that belongs to the family of tachykinin (TK) peptides. The SP-mediated activation of the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) regulates many pathophysiological processes in the body. There is also a relation between the SP/NK1R system and diabetic processes. Importantly, deregulated expression of SP has been reported in diabetes and diabetes-associated chronic complications. SP can induce both diabetogenic and antidiabetogenic effects and thus affect the pathology of diabetes destructively or protectively. Here, we review the current knowledge of the functional relevance of the SP/NK1R system in diabetes pathogenesis and its exploitation for diabetes therapy. A comprehensive understanding of the role of the SP/NK1R system in diabetes is expected to shed further light on developing new therapeutic possibilities for diabetes and its associated chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Kokabi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Safieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farshad Mirzavi
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | | | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease: The Emerging Role of Cellular Lipotoxicity. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010183. [PMID: 36671568 PMCID: PMC9855893 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer's diseases (AD) represent major health issues that have reached alarming levels in the last decades. Although growing evidence demonstrates that AD is a significant comorbidity of T2D, and there is a ~1.4-2-fold increase in the risk of developing AD among T2D patients, the involvement of possible common triggers in the pathogenesis of these two diseases remains largely unknown. Of note, recent mechanistic insights suggest that lipotoxicity could represent the missing ring in the pathogenetic mechanisms linking T2D to AD. Indeed, obesity, which represents the main cause of lipotoxicity, has been recognized as a major risk factor for both pathological conditions. Lipotoxicity can lead to inflammation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, ceramide and amyloid accumulation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, ferroptosis, and autophagy, which are shared biological events in the pathogenesis of T2D and AD. In the current review, we try to provide a critical and comprehensive view of the common molecular pathways activated by lipotoxicity in T2D and AD, attempting to summarize how these mechanisms can drive future research and open the way to new therapeutic perspectives.
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Wei C, Zhang Z, Fu Q, He Y, Yang T, Sun M. The reversible effects of free fatty acids on sulfonylurea-stimulated insulin secretion are related to the expression and dynamin-mediated endocytosis of KATP channels in pancreatic β cells. Endocr Connect 2023; 12:e220221. [PMID: 36398885 PMCID: PMC9782416 DOI: 10.1530/ec-22-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective Lipotoxicity-induced pancreatic β cell-dysfunction results in decreased insulin secretion in response to multiple stimulus. In this study, we investigated the reversible effects of palmitate (PA) or oleate (OA) on insulin secretion and the relationship with pancreatic β-cell ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels. Methods MIN6 cells were treated with PA and OA for 48 h and then washed out for 24 h to determine the changes in expression and endocytosis of the KATP channels and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and sulfonylurea-stimulated insulin secretion (SU-SIS). Results MIN6 cells exposed to PA or OA showed both impaired GSIS and SU-SIS; the former was not restorable, while the latter was reversible with washout of PA or OA. Decreased expressions of both total and surface Kir6.2 and SUR1 and endocytosis of KATP channels were observed, which were also recoverable after washout. When MIN6 cells exposed to free fatty acids (FFAs) were cotreated with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) or dynasore, we found that endocytosis of KATP channels did not change significantly by AICAR but was almost completely blocked by dynasore. Meanwhile, the inhibition of endocytosis of KATP channels after washout could be activated by PIP2. The recovery of SU-SIS after washout was significantly weakened by PIP2, but the decrease of SU-SIS induced by FFAs was not alleviated by dynasore. Conclusions FFAs can cause reversible impairment of SU-SIS on pancreatic β cells. The reversibility of the effects is partial because of the changes of expression and endocytosis of Kir6.2 and SUR1 which was mediated by dynamin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenmin Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zichen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunqiang He
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Ahangarpour A, Sharifinasab H, Kalantari H, Dehghani MA, Maram NS, Golfakhrabadi F. Gallic Acid and Gallic Acid Nanoparticle Modulate Insulin Secretion Pancreatic β-Islets against Silica Nanoparticle-Induced Oxidative Damage. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:5159-5171. [PMID: 35020163 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03111-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Due to the increasing use of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs), their possible toxic effects on human health have undoubtedly been considered. Previous studies proved that SiNPs induced oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress disrupt cell function and decrease insulin secretion. Therefore, this study intended to assess the effects of SiNPs on oxidative stress and insulin secretion and also the protective effects of gallic acid (GA) and gallic acid nanoparticles (NP-GA) on pancreatic β-islets. In this study, the mice islets were separated and pretreated with various concentrations of GA and NP-GA then treated with a single dose of SiNPs. The cell viability of islets examined by MTT assay and also the levels of ROS, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH); activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and insulin secretion were evaluated. The results of MTT assay showed that SiNPs reduced islet viability in a dose-dependent manner and also insulin secretion, induced the formation of ROS, augmented MDA amounts, and decreased GSH levels, SOD, GPx, and CAT activities. Furthermore, pretreatment of islets with GA and NP-GA significantly returned these alterations at low dose. These findings suggested that SiNPs induced oxidative stress in the pancreatic islets, which could be one of the reasons for the decrease in insulin secretion and inducing diabetes. This study also showed that low doses of GA and NP-GA boosted the antioxidant defense system in the pancreatic β-islets, preventing oxidative stress and, consequently, the progression of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Ahangarpour
- Health Research Institute, Diabetes Research Center, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hassan Sharifinasab
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Heibatullah Kalantari
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Dehghani
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Toxicology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nader Shakiba Maram
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Golfakhrabadi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Tao X, Zhang Z, Yang Z, Rao B. The effects of taurine supplementation on diabetes mellitus in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2022; 4:100106. [PMID: 35769396 PMCID: PMC9235038 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2022.100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The first meta-analysis to comprehensively evaluate the effects of taurine supplementation on diabetic patients. Statistical significance in HbA1C, Fasting Blood Sugar, HOMA-IR after oral supplemental of taurine by diabetic patients than that of placebo. Taurine is expected to be a new option for the management of diabetes.
Objective The ameliorative effect of taurine on diabetes has received extensive attention in recent years. Despite promising data from animal studies, the efficacy of taurine supplementation in human studies has been inconsistent. We thus did a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess the effect of taurine supplement on glycemic indices, serum lipids, blood pressure, body composition in patients with diabetes. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, FDA.gov, and ClinicalTrials.gov for randomized controlled trials (published from inception to January 15, 2022; no language restrictions) about the effect of taurine supplement on diabetes. Values of Standardized Mean Differences (SMD) were determined for continuous outcomes. Results Of 2206 identified studies, 5 randomized controlled trials were eligible and were included in our analysis (N = 209 participants). Compared with the control group, taurine could significantly reduce HbA1c (SMD −0.41[95% CI: −0.74, −0.09], p = 0.01), Fasting Blood Sugar (SMD − 1.28[95% CI: −2.42, −0.14], p = 0.03) and HOMA-IR (SMD − 0.64[95% CI: −1.22, −0.06], p = 0.03). In addition, taurine also reduced Insulin (SMD −0.48 [95% CI: −0.99, 0.03], p = 0.06) and TG (SMD −0.26 [95% CI: −0.55, 0.02], p = 0.07), but did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions Taurine supplementation is beneficial in reducing glycemic indices, such as HbA1c, Fasting Blood Sugar, HOMA-IR in diabetic patients, but has no significant effect on serum lipids, blood pressure and body composition in diabetic patients. Taurine emerges as a new option for the management of patients with diabetes. Further studies are needed to understand the potential effect of taurine in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Zhanzhi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Zhenpeng Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Benqiang Rao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer FSMP for State Market Regulation, Beijing 100038, China
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Kalo MB, Rezaei M. In vitro toxic interaction of arsenic and hyperglycemia in mitochondria: an important implication of increased vulnerability in pre-diabetics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:28375-28385. [PMID: 34993818 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18513-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollutants and lifestyle both contribute to the rapidly increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) worldwide. Evidence suggests that exposure to environmental contaminants such as arsenic is associated with impaired glucose metabolism and insulin signaling. In the present study, isolated rat liver mitochondria (1 mg/ml) were co-exposed to low concentration of arsenic trioxide (ATO) ( IC25 = 40 µM) and hyperglycemic condition (20, 40, 80, 160 mM glucose or 20, 40, 80, 160 mM pyruvate (PYR)). Mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity (complex II), glutathione content (GSH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ), and mitochondrial swelling were then evaluated in the presence of ATO 40 µM and PYR 40 mM. Unexpectedly, glucose alone (20, 40, 80, 160 mM) had no toxic effect on mitochondria, even at very high concentrations and even when combined with ATO. Interestingly, PYR at low concentrations (≤ 10 mM) has a protective effect on mitochondria, but at higher concentrations (≥ 40 mM) with ATO, it decreased the complex II activity and increased mitochondrial ROS production, lipid peroxidation, GSH depletion, mitochondrial membrane damage, and swelling (p < 0.05). In conclusion, PYR but not glucose increased ATO mitochondrial toxicity even at low concentrations. These results suggest that pre-diabetics with non-clinical hyperglycemia, who are inevitably exposed to low concentrations of arsenic through food and water, may develop mitochondrial dysfunction that accelerates their progression to diabetes over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mersad Bagherpour Kalo
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rezaei
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Argaev-Frenkel L, Rosenzweig T. Complexity of NAC Action as an Antidiabetic Agent: Opposing Effects of Oxidative and Reductive Stress on Insulin Secretion and Insulin Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062965. [PMID: 35328386 PMCID: PMC8950759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated redox balance is involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. While the benefit of antioxidants in neutralizing oxidative stress is well characterized, the potential harm of antioxidant-induced reductive stress is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the dose-dependent effects of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on various tissues involved in the regulation of blood glucose and the mechanisms underlying its functions. H2O2 was used as an oxidizing agent in order to compare the outcomes of oxidative and reductive stress on cellular function. Cellular death in pancreatic islets and diminished insulin secretion were facilitated by H2O2-induced oxidative stress but not by NAC. On the other hand, myotubes and adipocytes were negatively affected by NAC-induced reductive stress, as demonstrated by the impaired transmission of insulin signaling and glucose transport, as opposed to H2O2-stimulatory action. This was accompanied by redox balance alteration and thiol modifications of proteins. The NAC-induced deterioration of insulin signaling was also observed in healthy mice, while both insulin secretion and insulin signaling were improved in diabetic mice. This study establishes the tissue-specific effects of NAC and the importance of the delicate maintenance of redox balance, emphasizing the challenge of implementing antioxidant therapy in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tovit Rosenzweig
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel;
- Department of Nutritional Studies, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3937-1433
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Prevention of Lipotoxicity in Pancreatic Islets with Gammahydroxybutyrate. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030545. [PMID: 35159354 PMCID: PMC8833960 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by the exposure of pancreatic ß-cells to high levels of fatty acids impairs insulin secretion. This lipotoxicity is thought to play an important role in ß-cell failure in type 2 diabetes and can be prevented by antioxidants. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), an endogenous antioxidant and energy source, has previously been shown to protect mice from streptozotocin and alloxan-induced diabetes; both compounds are generators of oxidative stress and yield models of type-1 diabetes. We sought to determine whether GHB could protect mouse islets from lipotoxicity caused by palmitate, a model relevant to type 2 diabetes. We found that GHB prevented the generation of palmitate-induced reactive oxygen species and the associated lipotoxic inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion while increasing the NADPH/NADP+ ratio. GHB may owe its antioxidant and insulin secretory effects to the formation of NADPH.
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Aggarwal R, Peng Z, Zeng N, Silva J, He L, Chen J, Debebe A, Tu T, Alba M, Chen CY, Stiles EX, Hong H, Stiles BL. Chronic Exposure to Palmitic Acid Down-Regulates AKT in Beta-Cells through Activation of mTOR. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:130-145. [PMID: 34619135 PMCID: PMC8759041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
High circulating lipids occurring in obese individuals and insulin-resistant patients are considered a contributing factor to type 2 diabetes. Exposure to high lipid concentration is proposed to both protect and damage beta-cells under different circumstances. Here, by feeding mice a high-fat diet (HFD) for 2 weeks to up to 14 months, the study showed that HFD initially causes the beta-cells to expand in population, whereas long-term exposure to HFD is associated with failure of beta-cells and the inability of animals to respond to glucose challenge. To prevent the failure of beta-cells and the development of type 2 diabetes, the molecular mechanisms that underlie this biphasic response of beta-cells to lipid exposure were explored. Using palmitic acid (PA) in cultured beta-cells and islets, the study demonstrated that chronic exposure to lipids leads to reduced viability and inhibition of cell cycle progression concurrent with down-regulation of a pro-growth/survival kinase AKT, independent of glucose. This AKT down-regulation by PA is correlated with the induction of mTOR/S6K activity. Inhibiting mTOR activity with rapamycin induced Raptor and restored AKT activity, allowing beta-cells to gain proliferation capacity that was lost after HFD exposure. In summary, a novel mechanism in which lipid exposure may cause the dipole effects on beta-cell growth was elucidated, where mTOR acts as a lipid sensor. These mechanisms can be novel targets for future therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Aggarwal
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zhechu Peng
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ni Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Joshua Silva
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lina He
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anketse Debebe
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Taojian Tu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mario Alba
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chien-Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Eileen X. Stiles
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Handan Hong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Bangyan L. Stiles
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California,Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California,Address correspondence to Bangyan L. Stiles, Ph.D., Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033.
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13
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Vilas-Boas EA, Almeida DC, Roma LP, Ortis F, Carpinelli AR. Lipotoxicity and β-Cell Failure in Type 2 Diabetes: Oxidative Stress Linked to NADPH Oxidase and ER Stress. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123328. [PMID: 34943836 PMCID: PMC8699655 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A high caloric intake, rich in saturated fats, greatly contributes to the development of obesity, which is the leading risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D). A persistent caloric surplus increases plasma levels of fatty acids (FAs), especially saturated ones, which were shown to negatively impact pancreatic β-cell function and survival in a process called lipotoxicity. Lipotoxicity in β-cells activates different stress pathways, culminating in β-cells dysfunction and death. Among all stresses, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress have been shown to be strongly correlated. One main source of oxidative stress in pancreatic β-cells appears to be the reactive oxygen species producer NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzyme, which has a role in the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and in the β-cell demise during both T1 and T2D. In this review, we focus on the acute and chronic effects of FAs and the lipotoxicity-induced β-cell failure during T2D development, with special emphasis on the oxidative stress induced by NOX, the ER stress, and the crosstalk between NOX and ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloisa Aparecida Vilas-Boas
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: (E.A.V.-B.); (A.R.C.); Tel.: +55-(11)-3091-7246 (A.R.C.)
| | - Davidson Correa Almeida
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (D.C.A.); (F.O.)
| | - Leticia Prates Roma
- Center for Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Department of Biophysics, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Fernanda Ortis
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (D.C.A.); (F.O.)
| | - Angelo Rafael Carpinelli
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: (E.A.V.-B.); (A.R.C.); Tel.: +55-(11)-3091-7246 (A.R.C.)
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14
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Jo S, Fang S. Therapeutic Strategies for Diabetes: Immune Modulation in Pancreatic β Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:716692. [PMID: 34484126 PMCID: PMC8415970 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.716692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased incidence of type I and type II diabetes has been prevailed worldwide. Though the pathogenesis of molecular mechanisms remains still unclear, there are solid evidence that disturbed immune homeostasis leads to pancreatic β cell failure. Currently, autoimmunity and uncontrolled inflammatory signaling pathways have been considered the major factors in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Many components of immune system have been reported to implicate pancreatic β cell failure, including helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, regulatory T cells and gut microbiota. Immune modulation of those components using small molecules and antibodies, and fecal microbiota transplantation are undergoing in many clinical trials for the treatment of type I and type II diabetes. In this review we will discuss the basis of molecular pathogenesis focusing on the disturbed immune homeostasis in type I and type II diabetes, leading to pancreatic β cell destruction. Finally, we will introduce current therapeutic strategies and clinical trials by modulation of immune system for the treatment of type I and type II diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugyeong Jo
- Department of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungsoon Fang
- Department of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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15
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McKeegan K, Mason SA, Trewin AJ, Keske MA, Wadley GD, Della Gatta PA, Nikolaidis MG, Parker L. Reactive oxygen species in exercise and insulin resistance: Working towards personalized antioxidant treatment. Redox Biol 2021; 44:102005. [PMID: 34049222 PMCID: PMC8167146 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well known for their role in insulin resistance and the development of cardiometabolic disease including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Conversely, evidence supports the notion that ROS are a necessary component for glucose cell transport and adaptation to physiological stress including exercise and muscle contraction. Although genetic rodent models and cell culture studies indicate antioxidant treatment to be an effective strategy for targeting ROS to promote health, human findings are largely inconsistent. In this review we discuss human research that has investigated antioxidant treatment and glycemic control in the context of health (healthy individuals and during exercise) and disease (insulin resistance and T2D). We have identified key factors that are likely to influence the effectiveness of antioxidant treatment: 1) the context of treatment including whether oxidative distress or eustress is present (e.g., hyperglycemia/lipidaemia or during exercise and muscle contraction); 2) whether specific endogenous antioxidant deficiencies are identified (redox screening); 3) whether antioxidant treatment is specifically designed to target and restore identified deficiencies (antioxidant specificity); 4) and the bioavailability and bioactivity of the antioxidant which are influenced by treatment dose, duration, and method of administration. The majority of human research has failed to account for these factors, limiting their ability to robustly test the effectiveness of antioxidants for health promotion and disease prevention. We propose that a modern "redox screening" and "personalized antioxidant treatment" approach is required to robustly explore redox regulation of human physiology and to elicit more effective antioxidant treatment in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn McKeegan
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Shaun A Mason
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adam J Trewin
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michelle A Keske
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Glenn D Wadley
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Paul A Della Gatta
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michalis G Nikolaidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Lewan Parker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
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16
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Baliou S, Adamaki M, Ioannou P, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI, Christodoulou I, Spandidos DA, Kyriakopoulos AM, Zoumpourlis V. Ameliorative effect of taurine against diabetes and renal-associated disorders (Review). MEDICINE INTERNATIONAL 2021; 1:3. [PMID: 36699147 PMCID: PMC9855276 DOI: 10.3892/mi.2021.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
To develop novel therapeutic methods for both diabetic and renal disorders, scientists had initially focused on elucidating the molecular mechanisms of taurine in established cell lines and mouse models. Although a large amount of data have been revealed, taurine has been confirmed to be the next step of novel promising therapeutic interventions against diabetic disorders. Taurine appears to ameliorate diabetes 1-related complications in various organs through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-hormonal actions. In type 2 diabetes, taurine has been positively implicated in glucose homeostasis, exerting potent hypoglycemic, anti-obesity, hypotensive and hypolipidemic effects. Of particular interest is that taurine provides protection against renal dysfunction, including hypertension and proteinuria, specific glomerular and tubular disorders, acute and chronic renal conditions, and diabetic nephropathy. The ameliorative effects of taurine against renal disorders are based on its osmoregulatory properties, its association with signaling pathways and its association with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Further clinical studies are required to ensure the importance of research findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Baliou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Adamaki
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Ioannou
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Mihalis I. Panayiotidis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics and Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus,Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ioannis Christodoulou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Vassilis Zoumpourlis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece,Correspondence to: Dr Vassilis Zoumpourlis, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Konstantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
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17
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Klein KR, Walker CP, McFerren AL, Huffman H, Frohlich F, Buse JB. Carbohydrate Intake Prior to Oral Glucose Tolerance Testing. J Endocr Soc 2021; 5:bvab049. [PMID: 33928207 PMCID: PMC8059359 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With the emergence of glycated hemoglobin as a diagnostic test for diabetes, oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) have become rare in endocrinology practice. As they have moved out of favor, the importance of patient instructions on preparation prior to OGTT has faded from memory. Decades-old literature, well-known to endocrinologists a generation ago, emphasized the importance of carbohydrate intake prior to OGTT. In this expert endocrine consult, we discuss an OGTT performed in a research setting without adequate carbohydrate intake at the evening meal prior to the OGTT. The resultant elevated plasma glucose levels at 1-hour and 2-hours mimicked the loss of first-phase insulin release seen in early type 1 and type 2 diabetes. With clinical concern that the research participant had evolving type 1 or type 2 diabetes, the volunteer was subjected to additional testing and experienced anxiety. Repeat OGTT was normal after adequate carbohydrate intake (>150 grams/day and >50 grams the evening prior to overnight fast for the study). The physiology of this phenomenon is explored and is likely mediated through beta cell adaptation and alteration in peripheral glucose uptake in response to nutrient exposure. The learnings of decades ago have clearly faded, and this literature should be revisited to ensure that OGTT results are not compromised when ordered for clinical or research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara R Klein
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Christopher P Walker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Carolina Center for Neurostimulation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Amber L McFerren
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Carolina Center for Neurostimulation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Halie Huffman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Flavio Frohlich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Carolina Center for Neurostimulation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - John B Buse
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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18
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Toh DWK, Lee WY, Zhou H, Sutanto CN, Lee DPS, Tan D, Kim JE. Wolfberry ( Lycium barbarum) Consumption with a Healthy Dietary Pattern Lowers Oxidative Stress in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040567. [PMID: 33917032 PMCID: PMC8067708 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Incorporating zeaxanthin-rich wolfberry (Lycium barbarum) into a healthy dietary pattern may augment its antioxidant potential. The present 16-week, parallel design randomized controlled trial aimed to investigate the impact of adhering to a healthy dietary pattern, either with or without whole dried wolfberry (15 g/d) on oxidative stress status (plasma malondialdehyde and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α) in middle-aged and older adults. Changes to carotenoids status (plasma and skin carotenoids) and body composition were further evaluated to explore potential mechanisms which underlie the antioxidant properties of wolfberry. Plasma 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α, plasma zeaxanthin and skin carotenoids status were significantly raised in the wolfberry consuming group (n = 22; p < 0.05) compared to the control group which showed no changes (n = 18). Likewise in the wolfberry group only, inverse association was observed between the change values of plasma zeaxanthin and plasma 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (−0.21 (−0.43, 0.00) ng/µmol, regression coefficient (95% CI); p = 0.05). Wolfberry consumption with a healthy dietary pattern may serve as a dietary strategy to attenuate lipid peroxidation among middle-aged and older adults who are at a heightened risk of oxidative stress induced age-related disorders. The antioxidant properties of wolfberry may be attributed to its rich zeaxanthin content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jung Eun Kim
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6516-1136; Fax: +65-6775-7895
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19
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TRPM2 channel in oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptotic cell death. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2021; 125:51-72. [PMID: 33931144 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, conserved intracellular organelles best known as the powerhouse of cells for generating ATP, play an important role in apoptosis. Oxidative stress can induce mitochondrial dysfunction and activate mitochondria-mediated apoptotic cell death. TRPM2 is a Ca2+-permeable cation channel that is activated by pathologically relevant concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and one of its well-recognized roles is to confer susceptibility to ROS-induced cell death. Increasing evidence from recent studies supports TRPM2 channel-mediated cell death as an important cellular mechanism linking miscellaneous oxidative stress-inducing pathological factors to associated diseased conditions. In this chapter, we will discuss the role of the TRPM2 channel in neurons in the brain and pancreatic β-cells in mediating mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death, focusing mainly on apoptotic cell death, that are induced by pathological stimuli implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, ischemic stroke and diabetes.
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20
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Bele S, Girada SB, Ray A, Gupta A, Oruganti S, Prakash Babu P, Rayalla RSR, Kalivendi SV, Ibrahim A, Puri V, Adalla V, Katika MR, DiMarchi R, Mitra P. MS-275, a class 1 histone deacetylase inhibitor augments glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonism to improve glycemic control and reduce obesity in diet-induced obese mice. eLife 2020; 9:e52212. [PMID: 33349332 PMCID: PMC7755393 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Given its glycemic efficacy and ability to reduce the body weight, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonism has emerged as a preferred treatment for diabetes associated with obesity. We here report that a small-molecule Class 1 histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor Entinostat (MS-275) enhances GLP-1R agonism to potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and decrease body weight in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. MS-275 is not an agonist or allosteric activator of GLP-1R but enhances the sustained receptor-mediated signaling through the modulation of the expression of proteins involved in the signaling pathway. MS-275 and liraglutide combined therapy improved fasting glycemia upon short-term treatment and a chronic administration causes a reduction of obesity in DIO mice. Overall, our results emphasize the therapeutic potential of MS-275 as an adjunct to GLP-1R therapy in the treatment of diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpak Bele
- Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad CampusHyderabadIndia
- Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipalIndia
| | - Shravan Babu Girada
- Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad CampusHyderabadIndia
| | - Aramita Ray
- Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad CampusHyderabadIndia
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Diabetes Institute, Ohio UniversityAthensUnited States
| | - Srinivas Oruganti
- Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad CampusHyderabadIndia
| | | | | | | | - Ahamed Ibrahim
- Division of Lipid Chemistry, National Institute of Nutrition HyderabadHyderabadIndia
| | - Vishwajeet Puri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Diabetes Institute, Ohio UniversityAthensUnited States
| | - Venkateswar Adalla
- Medical Genomics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteHerstonAustralia
| | - Madhumohan R Katika
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Department, Nizam’s Institute of Medical SciencesHyderabadIndia
| | - Richard DiMarchi
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana UniversityBloomingtonUnited States
| | - Prasenjit Mitra
- Dr. Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad CampusHyderabadIndia
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21
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Król E, Okulicz M, Kupsz J. The Influence of Taurine Supplementation on Serum and Tissular Fe, Zn and Cu Levels in Normal and Diet-Induced Insulin-Resistant Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 198:592-601. [PMID: 32172503 PMCID: PMC7561555 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Taurine (Tau) is a β-sulphonated amino acid postulated to improve glucose homeostasis in insulin resistance and diabetes. Changes in carbohydrate metabolism are accompanied by oxidative stress, which may disturb the mineral balance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of Tau supplementation on the levels of trace elements in rats fed either a standard (AIN-93M, 4% fat) diet or a modified high-fat diet (30% fat). For 8 weeks, male Wistar rats were fed these diets supplemented with 3% Tau. Taurine supplementation normalized increased serum insulin concentration and insulin resistance index; however, it did not improve serum CRP concentration in high-fat diet fed rats. The high-fat diet supplemented with Tau decreased the renal and splenic Zn levels, but the tissular Fe content did not change. The effect of Tau supplementation on the mineral balance to some extent depended on the fat content in the rats' diet. The high-fat diet supplemented with Tau decreased the rats' splenic Zn levels but increased their femur levels. In the group fed the standard diet, Tau reduced the rats' femur Zn level, whereas their splenic Zn level was comparable. Tau supplementation decreased the renal Cu level and serum ceruloplasmin concentration in the rats fed the standard diet, but this effect was not observed in the rats fed the high-fat diet. In conclusion, supplementary taurine failed to ameliorate disturbances in mineral homeostasis caused by high-fat diet feeding and led to tissular redistribution of Zn and Cu in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Król
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Monika Okulicz
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, ul Wołyńska, Poznan, Poland
| | - Justyna Kupsz
- Department of Physiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, ul, ul Święcickiego 6, 61-781, Poznan, Poland
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22
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by systemic inflammation and insulin resistance due to obesity, and this leads to critical complications, including retinopathy and nephropathy. This study explored the therapeutic effect of substance-p (SP), a neuropeptide, on T2DM progression and its complications. To examine whether SP affects glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, systemic inflammation, and retinopathy, Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats (OLETF, 27 weeks old) with chronic inflammation, obesity, and impaired bone marrow stem cell pool was selected. SP was intravenously injected and its effect was evaluated at 2 and 4 weeks after the SP injection. OLETF had typical symptoms of T2DM, including obesity, chronic inflammation, and poor glycemic control. However, SP treatment inhibited the body-weight gain and reduced circulating levels of free fatty acid, cholesterol, and triglyceride, ameliorating the obese environment. SP could suppress inflammation and rejuvenate bone marrow stem cell in OLETF rats. SP-mediated metabolic/immunological change could resolve hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Histopathological analysis confirmed that SP treatment alleviated the dysfunction of target tissue with insulin resistance. OLETF rats have retinal damage from 27 weeks of age, which was reliably aggravated at 31 weeks. However, SP treatment could restore the damaged retina, sustaining its structure similarly to that of non-diabetic rats. In conclusion, systemic application of SP is capable contribute to the inhibition of the progression of T2DM and diabetic retinopathy.
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23
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The effects of taurine supplementation on obesity, blood pressure and lipid profile: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 885:173533. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Malko P, Jiang LH. TRPM2 channel-mediated cell death: An important mechanism linking oxidative stress-inducing pathological factors to associated pathological conditions. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101755. [PMID: 33130440 PMCID: PMC7600390 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress resulting from the accumulation of high levels of reactive oxygen species is a salient feature of, and a well-recognised pathological factor for, diverse pathologies. One common mechanism for oxidative stress damage is via the disruption of intracellular ion homeostasis to induce cell death. TRPM2 is a non-selective Ca2+-permeable cation channel with a wide distribution throughout the body and is highly sensitive to activation by oxidative stress. Recent studies have collected abundant evidence to show its important role in mediating cell death induced by miscellaneous oxidative stress-inducing pathological factors, both endogenous and exogenous, including ischemia/reperfusion and the neurotoxicants amyloid-β peptides and MPTP/MPP+ that cause neuronal demise in the brain, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion, proinflammatory mediators that disrupt endothelial function, diabetogenic agent streptozotocin and diabetes risk factor free fatty acids that induce loss of pancreatic β-cells, bile acids that damage pancreatic acinar cells, renal ischemia/reperfusion and albuminuria that are detrimental to kidney cells, acetaminophen that triggers hepatocyte death, and nanoparticles that injure pericytes. Studies have also shed light on the signalling mechanisms by which these pathological factors activate the TRPM2 channel to alter intracellular ion homeostasis leading to aberrant initiation of various cell death pathways. TRPM2-mediated cell death thus emerges as an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of conditions including ischemic stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, pancreatitis, chronic kidney disease, liver damage and neurovascular injury. These findings raise the exciting perspective of targeting the TRPM2 channel as a novel therapeutic strategy to treat such oxidative stress-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa Malko
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Lin-Hua Jiang
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury of Henan Province and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Xinxiang Medical University, PR China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, UK.
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Ye G, Gao H, Huang Q, Lin Y, Liao X, Zhang H, Yang BC. Metabolomic Characterization of Metabolic Disturbances in the Extracellular Microenvironment of Oleate-Treated Macrophages Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1750623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guozhu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Han Gao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiansheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Yi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Bi-cheng Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Breakfast consumption modulates postprandial glycaemic, insulinaemic and NEFA response in pre-diabetic Asian males. Br J Nutr 2020; 123:664-672. [PMID: 31831088 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519003180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Breakfast consumption is associated with a variety of nutritional and lifestyle-related health outcomes. The objective of the present study was to investigate how the consumption of breakfast affected blood glucose, insulin and NEFA profiles. A lower postprandial blood glucose, insulin and NEFA response is associated with a lower risk of development of metabolic diseases. In a randomised crossover non-blind design, thirteen pre-diabetic Chinese adult males (BMI 26·7 (sd 4·2) kg/m2) attended two sessions where they either consumed a high-glycaemic index breakfast or no breakfast consumption. Changes in glycaemic response over 27 h periods were measured using the Medtronic MiniMed iProTM2 continuous glucose monitoring system. Blood samples were collected using a peripheral venous catheter at fixed intervals for 3 h after the test meal and 3 h after standardised lunch consumption. Postprandial glucose, insulin and NEFA response was calculated as total AUC and incremental AUC using the trapezoidal rule that ignored the area under the baseline. It was found that breakfast consumption significantly decreased postprandial glucose, insulin and NEFA excursion response at lunch time (P = 0·001). Consumption of breakfast attenuated blood glucose profiles by minimising glycaemic excursions and reduced both insulinaemic and NEFA responses in pre-diabetic Asian males during the second meal. This simple dietary intervention may be a novel approach to help improve subsequent lunch glycaemic responses in Asians at high risk of developing diabetes.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dementia is rapidly growing as sources of morbidity and mortality as the US population ages, but its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. As a result, no disease-modifying treatments currently exist. We review the evidence that nonesterified fatty acids may play a key role in this condition. RECENT FINDINGS Nonesterified fatty acids appear to influence several pathways leading to dementia. In addition to their vascular effects, these moieties cross the blood-brain barrier, where they are toxic to several cell types. They may also influence insulin metabolism in the brain directly and indirectly, and some drugs that lower circulating levels appear to slow cognitive decline and brain atrophy in diabetes. SUMMARY Nonesterified fatty acids may contribute to dementia, much as they do to diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Several therapeutic agents lower circulating levels of nonesterified fatty acids and should be tested for their potential preventive effects on cognitive decline in healthy populations before irreversible neuronal attrition occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J Mukamal
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, General Medicine, Brookline, Massachusetts, USA
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28
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Igoillo-Esteve M, Oliveira AF, Cosentino C, Fantuzzi F, Demarez C, Toivonen S, Hu A, Chintawar S, Lopes M, Pachera N, Cai Y, Abdulkarim B, Rai M, Marselli L, Marchetti P, Tariq M, Jonas JC, Boscolo M, Pandolfo M, Eizirik DL, Cnop M. Exenatide induces frataxin expression and improves mitochondrial function in Friedreich ataxia. JCI Insight 2020; 5:134221. [PMID: 31877117 PMCID: PMC7098728 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.134221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease associated with a high diabetes prevalence. No treatment is available to prevent or delay disease progression. Friedreich ataxia is caused by intronic GAA trinucleotide repeat expansions in the frataxin-encoding FXN gene that reduce frataxin expression, impair iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis, cause oxidative stress, and result in mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Here we examined the metabolic, neuroprotective, and frataxin-inducing effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs in in vivo and in vitro models and in patients with Friedreich ataxia. The GLP-1 analog exenatide improved glucose homeostasis of frataxin-deficient mice through enhanced insulin content and secretion in pancreatic β cells. Exenatide induced frataxin and iron-sulfur cluster-containing proteins in β cells and brain and was protective to sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia. GLP-1 analogs also induced frataxin expression, reduced oxidative stress, and improved mitochondrial function in Friedreich ataxia patients' induced pluripotent stem cell-derived β cells and sensory neurons. The frataxin-inducing effect of exenatide was confirmed in a pilot trial in Friedreich ataxia patients, showing modest frataxin induction in platelets over a 5-week treatment course. Taken together, GLP-1 analogs improve mitochondrial function in frataxin-deficient cells and induce frataxin expression. Our findings identify incretin receptors as a therapeutic target in Friedreich ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Federica Fantuzzi
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research and
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Amélie Hu
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Satyan Chintawar
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Ying Cai
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research and
| | | | - Myriam Rai
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lorella Marselli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mohammad Tariq
- Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Jonas
- Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marina Boscolo
- Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Massimo Pandolfo
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Décio L. Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research and
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research and
- Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Las G, Oliveira MF, Shirihai OS. Emerging roles of β-cell mitochondria in type-2-diabetes. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 71:100843. [PMID: 31918997 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.100843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Type-2-Diabetes (T2D) is the most common metabolic disease in the world today. It erupts as a result of peripheral insulin resistance combined with hyperinsulinemia followed by suppression of insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Mitochondria play a central role in β-cells by sensing glucose and also by mediating the suppression of insulin secretion in T2D. Here, we will summarize the evidence accumulated for the roles of β-cells mitochondria in T2D. We will present an updated view on how mitochondria in β-cells have been associated with T2D, from the genetic, bioenergetic, redox and structural points of view. The emerging picture is that mitochondrial structure and dysfunction directly contribute to β-cell function and in the pathogenesis of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Las
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Marcus F Oliveira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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30
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Lin C, Su Z, Luo J, Jiang L, Shen S, Zheng W, Gu W, Cao Y, Chen Y. Polysaccharide extracted from the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja enhanced stress resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans via skn-1 and hsf-1. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 143:243-254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Nrf2 Activation Protects Mouse Beta Cells from Glucolipotoxicity by Restoring Mitochondrial Function and Physiological Redox Balance. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7518510. [PMID: 31827698 PMCID: PMC6885177 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7518510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Influencing the redox balance of pancreatic beta cells could be a promising strategy for the treatment of diabetes. Nuclear factor erythroid 2p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is present in beta cells and regulates numerous genes involved in antioxidant defense. As reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important for beta cell signaling but induce oxidative stress when present in excess, this study elucidates the influence of Nrf2-activating compounds on different kinds of ROS and correlates changes in redox balance to effects on mitochondrial function, insulin release, and cell viability. Acute glucose stimulation (15 mmol/L) of murine islet cells of C57Bl/6N mice affects ROS and redox status of the cells differently. Those ROS monitored by dihydroethidium, which detects superoxide radical anions, decrease. By contrast, oxidant status, monitored by dichlorodihydrofluorescein, as well as intracellular H2O2, increases. Glucolipotoxicity completely prevents these fast, glucose-mediated alterations and inhibits glucose-induced NAD(P)H production, mitochondrial hyperpolarization, and ATP synthesis. Oltipraz (10 μmol/L) or dimethyl fumarate (DMF, 50 μmol/L) leads to nuclear accumulation of Nrf2, restores mitochondrial activity and glucose-dependent ROS turnover, and antagonizes glucolipotoxicity-induced inhibition of insulin release and apoptosis. Importantly, these beneficial effects only occur when beta cells are challenged and damaged by high lipid and carbohydrate supply. At physiological conditions, insulin release is markedly reduced in response to both Nrf2 activators. This is not associated with severe impairment of glucose-induced mitochondrial hyperpolarization or a rise in apoptosis but coincides with altered ROS handling. In conclusion, Nrf2 activators protect beta cells against glucolipotoxicity by preserving mitochondrial function and redox balance. As our data show that this maintains glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, targeting Nrf2 might be suited to ameliorate progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus. By contrast, nonstressed beta cells do not benefit from Nrf2 activation, thus underlining the importance of physiological shifts in ROS homeostasis for the regulation of beta cell function.
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Lytrivi M, Castell AL, Poitout V, Cnop M. Recent Insights Into Mechanisms of β-Cell Lipo- and Glucolipotoxicity in Type 2 Diabetes. J Mol Biol 2019; 432:1514-1534. [PMID: 31628942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The deleterious effects of chronically elevated free fatty acid (FFA) levels on glucose homeostasis are referred to as lipotoxicity, and the concurrent exposure to high glucose may cause synergistic glucolipotoxicity. Lipo- and glucolipotoxicity have been studied for over 25 years. Here, we review the current evidence supporting the role of pancreatic β-cell lipo- and glucolipotoxicity in type 2 diabetes (T2D), including lipid-based interventions in humans, prospective epidemiological studies, and human genetic findings. In addition to total FFA quantity, the quality of FFAs (saturation and chain length) is a key determinant of lipotoxicity. We discuss in vitro and in vivo experimental models to investigate lipo- and glucolipotoxicity in β-cells and describe experimental pitfalls. Lipo- and glucolipotoxicity adversely affect many steps of the insulin production and secretion process. The molecular mechanisms underpinning lipo- and glucolipotoxic β-cell dysfunction and death comprise endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired autophagy, and inflammation. Crosstalk between these stress pathways exists at multiple levels and may aggravate β-cell lipo- and glucolipotoxicity. Lipo- and glucolipotoxicity are therapeutic targets as several drugs impact the underlying stress responses in β-cells, potentially contributing to their glucose-lowering effects in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lytrivi
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne-Laure Castell
- CRCHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Poitout
- CRCHUM, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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Pharmacologic or genetic activation of SIRT1 attenuates the fat-induced decrease in beta-cell function in vivo. Nutr Diabetes 2019; 9:11. [PMID: 30890694 PMCID: PMC6424971 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-019-0075-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is evidence that sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a key regulator of nutrient metabolism, increases β-cell secretory function. Excess circulating fat, as seen in obesity, has been shown to decrease β-cell function, an effect that may involve decreased SIRT1 activity. Consequently, SIRT1 activation may increase β-cell function in conditions of elevated plasma-free fatty acid levels. Here we attempted to attenuate the lipid-induced decrease in β-cell function in vivo using pharmacological and genetic models of SIRT1 activation. Methods Our pharmacologic model involved 48 h intravenous infusion of Wistar rats with either saline or oleate with or without the SIRT1 activator resveratrol. Additionally, we used β-cell-specific SIRT1 overexpressing (BESTO) mice and wild-type littermates infused for 48 h intravenously with either saline or oleate. In both models, the infusion period was followed by assessment of β-cell function using the hyperglycemic clamp method. Results Lipid infusion resulted in a significant decrease in β-cell function as expected in both rats (p < 0.05) and mice (p < 0.001). Both models of SIRT1 activation, which did not alter β-cell function in the absence of fat, resulted in partial protection from the fat-induced decrease in β-cell function (NS vs. control). Conclusion These results suggest that SIRT1 is a therapeutic target in decreased β-cell function specifically induced by fat.
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Cha SH, Han EJ, Ahn G, Jun HS. Taurine-Rich-Containing Hot Water Extract of Loliolus Beka Gray Meat Scavenges Palmitate-Induced Free Radicals and Protects Against DNA Damage in Insulin Secreting β-Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1155:483-495. [PMID: 31468425 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8023-5_45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The loss of pancreatic β-cells plays a central role in the pathogenesis of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and many studies have been focused on ways to improve glucose homeostasis by preserving, expanding and improving the function of β-cell. Elevated levels of free fatty acids such as palmitate might contribute to the loss of β-cells. A marine squid, Loliolus beka has long been used as a food in Korea, China, Japan and Europe due to its tender meat and high taurine content. Here, we investigated the protective effects of a hot water extract of Loliolus beka meat (LBM) against palmitate toxicity in Ins-1 cells, a rat β-cell line. Treatment with LBM extract protected against palmitate-induced cytotoxicity and scavenged overproduction of nitric oxide, alkyl, and hydroxyl radicals. In addition, LBM extract protected against palmitate-induced DNA damage and β-cell dysfunction. These findings suggest that LBM protects pancreatic β-cells from palmitate-induced damage. LBM could be a potential therapeutic functional food for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Heui Cha
- Department of Marine Bioindustry, Hanseo University, Seosan, Chungcheongman-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Jeong Han
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ginnae Ahn
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Marine Bio-Food Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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Systemic redox status in lung cancer patients is related to altered glucose metabolism. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204173. [PMID: 30235348 PMCID: PMC6147499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered systemic redox status is often observed in lung cancer. However, detailed information on factors other, than smoking, which influence this perturbation is rather scarce. Elevated oxidative stress has been linked with disturbances in glucose metabolism before, but such associations have not been investigated in lung cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between systemic parameters of glucose metabolism and redox status in lung cancer patients (LC). Biochemical variables related to circulating glucose, i.e. glucose, insulin, c-peptide, fructosamine (FA), and glucose metabolism, i.e. β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), lactate (LACT), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), as well as redox status i.e. total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) were determined for LC (n = 122) and control subjects (CS) (n = 84). HOMA-IR and the oxidative stress index (OSI) were calculated. LC patients had an altered redox status and glucose metabolism compared to CS. Positive correlations in LC were observed between TOS, OSI and circulating glucose as well as FA, while TAS positively correlated with BHB and NEFAs. In contrast, in metastatic LC, NEFAs and BHB positively correlated with OSI. Smoking status additionally stratified the observed relationships. In conclusion, we found that parameters related to circulating glucose or non-enzymatic glycation were correlated with oxidative stress (TOS and OSI), while metabolites such as BHB and NEFAs were correlated with antioxidant capacity (TAS). Metastasis prevalence and smoking seem to influence these correlations. However, the detailed mechanism of this relationship requires further research, in particular as regards the surprising positive correlation between NEFAs and TAS.
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36
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Lv C, Wang Y, Zhou C, Ma W, Yang Y, Xiao R, Yu H. Effects of dietary palm olein on the cardiovascular risk factors in healthy young adults. Food Nutr Res 2018; 62:1353. [PMID: 30038554 PMCID: PMC6052506 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v62.1353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary saturated fatty acids are always being hotly debated. Palm olein rich in saturated fatty acids (45.98%) is often considered as being atherogenic nutritionally. There is a lack of information on effects of dietary oil by partially replacing with palm olein on human health. METHODS A randomized controlled trial with 88 participants has been conducted to elucidate the effect of palm olein on cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS By comparing the soybean oil group (saturated fatty acids amounted to 23.31%) with the cocoa butter group (saturated fatty acids amounted to 93.76%), no significant difference was found (p > 0.05) in physiological parameters, serum oxidative stress levels, inflammatory factor, glucose metabolism, and lipid profiles of subjects, which are all cardiovascular risk factors. Although results showed that intervention time can influence the cardiovascular risk factors significantly (p < 0.05), there is no relationship between intervention time and dietary oil type. CONCLUSION Therefore, partial replacement of dietary oil by palm olein may not affect cardiovascular risk factors in healthy young adults. There are differences between our research and previous researches, which may be due to the different amount of palm olien in diet. Our research will provide a solid foundation for the application of palm olein in human diets and in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyan Lv
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cui Zhou
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Ma
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuexin Yang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huanling Yu
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Schaffer S, Kim HW. Effects and Mechanisms of Taurine as a Therapeutic Agent. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:225-241. [PMID: 29631391 PMCID: PMC5933890 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2017.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Taurine is an abundant, β-amino acid with diverse cytoprotective activity. In some species, taurine is an essential nutrient but in man it is considered a semi-essential nutrient, although cells lacking taurine show major pathology. These findings have spurred interest in the potential use of taurine as a therapeutic agent. The discovery that taurine is an effective therapy against congestive heart failure led to the study of taurine as a therapeutic agent against other disease conditions. Today, taurine has been approved for the treatment of congestive heart failure in Japan and shows promise in the treatment of several other diseases. The present review summarizes studies supporting a role of taurine in the treatment of diseases of muscle, the central nervous system, and the cardiovascular system. In addition, taurine is extremely effective in the treatment of the mitochondrial disease, mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS), and offers a new approach for the treatment of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, and inflammatory diseases, such as arthritis. The review also addresses the functions of taurine (regulation of antioxidation, energy metabolism, gene expression, ER stress, neuromodulation, quality control and calcium homeostasis) underlying these therapeutic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Schaffer
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688,
USA
| | - Ha Won Kim
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504,
Republic of Korea
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38
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Piao F, Aadil RM, Suleman R, Li K, Zhang M, Wu P, Shahbaz M, Ahmed Z. Ameliorative effects of taurine against diabetes: a review. Amino Acids 2018; 50:487-502. [PMID: 29492671 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2544-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Diets in rats and humans have shown promising results. Taurine improved glucagon activity, promoted glycemic stability, modified glucose levels, successfully addressed hyperglycemia via advanced glycation end-product control, improved insulin secretion and had a beneficial effect on insulin resistance. Taurine treatment performed well against oxidative stress in brain, increased the secretion of required hormones and protected against neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy in diabetes compared with the control. Taurine has been observed to be effective in treatments against diabetic hepatotoxicity, vascular problems and heart injury in diabetes. Taurine was shown to be effective against oxidative stress. The mechanism of action of taurine cannot be explained by one pathway, as it has many effects. Several of the pathways are the advanced glycation end-product pathway, PI3-kinase/AKT pathway and mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. The worldwide threat of diabetes underscores the urgent need for novel therapeutic measures against this disorder. Taurine (2-aminoethane sulfonic acid) is a natural compound that has been studied in diabetes and diabetes-induced complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Piao
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faislabad, Pakistan
| | - Raheel Suleman
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Beijing, China
| | - Kaixin Li
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Mengren Zhang
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Pingan Wu
- School of Public Health, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Zulfiqar Ahmed
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Bhawalpur, Pakistan
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Alsabeeh N, Chausse B, Kakimoto PA, Kowaltowski AJ, Shirihai O. Cell culture models of fatty acid overload: Problems and solutions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1863:143-151. [PMID: 29155055 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
High plasma levels of fatty acids occur in a variety of metabolic diseases. Cellular effects of fatty acid overload resulting in negative cellular responses (lipotoxicity) are often studied in vitro, in an attempt to understand mechanisms involved in these diseases. Fatty acids are poorly soluble, and thus usually studied when complexed to albumins such as bovine serum albumin (BSA). The conjugation of fatty acids to albumin requires care pertaining to preparation of the solutions, effective free fatty acid concentrations, use of different fatty acid species, types of BSA, appropriate controls and ensuring cellular fatty acid uptake. This review discusses lipotoxicity models, the potential problems encountered when using these cellular models, as well as practical solutions for difficulties encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Alsabeeh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Bruno Chausse
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Pamela A Kakimoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Alicia J Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Orian Shirihai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome by Advanced Glycation End Products Promotes Pancreatic Islet Damage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9692546. [PMID: 29230270 PMCID: PMC5694574 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9692546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) contributes to ageing and age-related diseases, especially type 2 diabetes. The NLRP3 inflammasome, as a vital component of the innate immune system, is implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. However, the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in AGE-induced pancreatic islet damage remains largely unclear. Results showed that administration of AGEs (120 mg/kg for 6 weeks) in C57BL/6J mice induced an abnormal response to glucose (as measured by glucose tolerance and insulin release), pancreatic β-cell ultrastructural lesion, and cell death. These effects were associated with an excessive superoxide anion level, significant increased protein expression levels for NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), NLRP3, and cleaved IL-1β, enhanced caspase-1 activity, and a significant increase in the levels of TXNIP–NLRP3 protein interaction. Ablation of the NLRP3 inflammasome or treatment with antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) clearly ameliorated these effects. In conclusion, our results reveal a possible mechanism for AGE-induced pancreatic islet damage upon NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Ivovic A, Oprescu AI, Koulajian K, Mori Y, Eversley JA, Zhang L, Nino-Fong R, Lewis GF, Donath MY, Karin M, Wheeler MB, Ehses J, Volchuk A, Chan CB, Giacca A. IKKβ inhibition prevents fat-induced beta cell dysfunction in vitro and in vivo in rodents. Diabetologia 2017; 60:2021-2032. [PMID: 28725915 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We have previously shown that oxidative stress plays a causal role in beta cell dysfunction induced by fat. Here, we address whether the proinflammatory kinase inhibitor of (nuclear factor) κB kinase β (IKKβ), which is activated by oxidative stress, is also implicated. METHODS Fat (oleate or olive oil) was infused intravenously in Wistar rats for 48 h with or without the IKKβ inhibitor salicylate. Thereafter, beta cell function was evaluated in vivo using hyperglycaemic clamps or ex vivo in islets isolated from fat-treated rats. We also exposed rat islets to oleate in culture, with or without salicylate and 4(2'-aminoethyl)amino-1,8-dimethylimidazo(1,2-a)quinoxaline; BMS-345541 (BMS, another inhibitor of IKKβ) and evaluated beta cell function in vitro. Furthermore, oleate was infused in mice treated with BMS and in beta cell-specific Ikkb-null mice. RESULTS 48 h infusion of fat impaired beta-cell function in vivo, assessed using the disposition index (DI), in rats (saline: 1.41 ± 0.13; oleate: 0.95 ± 0.11; olive oil [OLO]: 0.87 ± 0.15; p < 0.01 for both fats vs saline) and in mice (saline: 2.51 ± 0.39; oleate: 1.20 ± 0.19; p < 0.01 vs saline) and ex vivo (i.e., insulin secretion, units are pmol insulin islet-1 h-1) in rat islets (saline: 1.51 ± 0.13; oleate: 1.03 ± 0.10; OLO: 0.91 ± 0.13; p < 0.001 for both fats vs saline) and the dysfunction was prevented by co-infusion of salicylate in rats (oleate + salicylate: 1.30 ± 0.09; OLO + salicylate: 1.33 ± 0.23) or BMS in mice (oleate + BMS: 2.25 ± 0.42) in vivo and by salicylate in rat islets ex vivo (oleate + salicylate: 1.74 ± 0.31; OLO + salicylate: 1.54 ± 0.29). In cultured islets, 48 h exposure to oleate impaired beta-cell function ([in pmol insulin islet-1 h-1] control: 0.66 ± 0.12; oleate: 0.23 ± 0.03; p < 0.01 vs saline), an effect prevented by both inhibitors (oleate + salicylate: 0.98 ± 0.08; oleate + BMS: 0.50 ± 0.02). Genetic inhibition of IKKβ also prevented fat-induced beta-cell dysfunction ex vivo ([in pmol insulin islet-1 h-1] control saline: 0.16 ± 0.02; control oleate: 0.10 ± 0.02; knockout oleate: 0.17 ± 0.04; p < 0.05 control saline vs. control oleate) and in vivo (DI: control saline: 3.86 ± 0.40; control oleate: 1.95 ± 0.29; knockout oleate: 2.96 ± 0.24; p < 0.01 control saline vs control oleate). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results demonstrate a causal role for IKKβ in fat-induced beta cell dysfunction in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Ivovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1A8
| | - Andrei I Oprescu
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Khajag Koulajian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1A8
| | - Yusaku Mori
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Judith A Eversley
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1A8
| | - Liling Zhang
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rodolfo Nino-Fong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St Kitts and Nevis
| | - Gary F Lewis
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1A8
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marc Y Donath
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Karin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael B Wheeler
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1A8
| | - Jan Ehses
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Allen Volchuk
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine B Chan
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Adria Giacca
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1A8.
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Zong C, Qin D, Yu C, Gao P, Chen J, Lu S, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Yang Y, Pu Z, Li X, Fu Y, Guan Q, Wang X. The stress-response molecule NR4A1 resists ROS-induced pancreatic β-cells apoptosis via WT1. Cell Signal 2017; 35:129-139. [PMID: 28342843 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells often face endoplasmic reticulum stress and/or ROS-associated oxidative stress under adverse conditions. Our previous work has verified that NR4A1 protects pancreatic β-cells from ER-stress induced apoptosis. However, It remains unknown whether NR4A1 is able to protect pancreatic β-cells against ROS-associated oxidative stress. In the present study, our data showed that NR4A1 protein expression rapidly increased in MIN6 cells upon H2O2 treatment, and overexpression of NR4A1 in MIN6 cells conferred resistance to cell apoptosis induced by H2O2. These results were further substantiated in isolated islets from mice infected with an adenovirus overexpressing NR4A1. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was used as a biomarker for oxidative stress or a marker for ROS damage. We found that the 8-OHdG level in the islets from NR4A1 knockout mice fed with high-fat diet was much higher than that in the islets from parental control mice; and higher apoptotic rate was observed in the islets from NR4A1 KO mice compared to control mice. Further investigation of underlying mechanisms of NR4A1's protective effects showed that NR4A1 overexpression in MIN6 cells reduced Caspase 3 activation caused by H2O2, and increased expression of WT1 and SOD1. There is a putative NR4A1 binding site (-1118bp to -1111bp) in WT1 promoter; our data demonstrated that NR4A1 protein physically associates with the WT1 promoter, and enhanced WT1 promoter transactivation and knockdown of WT1 in MIN6 cells induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that NR4A1 protects pancreatic β-cells against H2O2 mediated apoptosis by up-regulating WT1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zong
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Dandan Qin
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Cong Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Jicui Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Sumei Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Yuchao Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Yuantao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Yingfeng Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zeqing Pu
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Yuchang Fu
- The Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
| | - Qingbo Guan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences for Chronic Degenerative Diseases in Universities of Shandong (Shandong University), Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
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Kaneto H, Obata A, Kimura T, Shimoda M, Okauchi S, Shimo N, Matsuoka TA, Kaku K. Beneficial effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for preservation of pancreatic β-cell function and reduction of insulin resistance. J Diabetes 2017; 9:219-225. [PMID: 27754601 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance in various insulin target tissues, such as the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle, and insufficient insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, which are newly developed antidiabetic agents, decrease blood glucose levels by enhancing urinary glucose excretion and thereby function in an insulin-independent manner. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors exert beneficial effects to reduce insulin resistance and preserve pancreatic β-cell function. In addition, SGLT2 inhibitors exhibit a variety of beneficial effects in various insulin target tissues, such as amelioration of fatty liver, reduction of visceral fat mass, and increasing glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, SGLT2 inhibitors protect pancreatic β-cells against glucose toxicity and preserve insulin secretory capacity. Together, these observations indicate that SGLT2 inhibitors are promising newly developed antidiabetic agents that are gaining attention in both clinical medicine and basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Kaneto
- Departments of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Obata
- Departments of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Kimura
- Departments of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Masashi Shimoda
- Departments of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Seizo Okauchi
- Departments of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Naoki Shimo
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Matsuoka
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohei Kaku
- General Internal Medicine 1, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
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Yang T, Zhao Z, Liu T, Zhang Z, Wang P, Xu S, Lei XG, Shan A. Oxidative stress induced by Se-deficient high-energy diet implicates neutrophil dysfunction via Nrf2 pathway suppression in swine. Oncotarget 2017; 8:13428-13439. [PMID: 28077800 PMCID: PMC5355109 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of the interaction between Se deficiency and high energy remains limited. The aim of the current study was to identify whether Se-deficient, high-energy diet can induce oxidative stress, and downregulate the Nrf2 pathway and phagocytic dysfunction of neutrophils. We detected the phagocytic activity, ROS production, protein levels of Nrf2 and Nrf2 downstream target genes, and the mRNA levels of 25 selenoproteins, heat shock proteins, and cytokines in neutrophils. Cytokine ELISA kits were used to measure the serum cytokines. The concentration of ROS was elevated (P < 0.05) in obese swine fed on a low Se diet (less than 0.03 mg/kg Se) compared to control swine. The protein levels of Nrf2 and its downstream target genes were depressed during Se deficiency and high-energy intake. The mRNA levels of 16 selenoproteins were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the Se-deficient group and Se-deficient, high-energy group compared to the control group. However, the mRNA levels of 13 selenoproteins in peripheral blood neutrophils were upregulated in high energy group, except TrxR1, SelI and SepW. In summary, these data indicated that a Se-deficient, high-energy diet inhibits the Nrf2 pathway and its regulation of oxidative stress, and prompted a pleiotropic mechanism that suppresses phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Yang
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Zeping Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Tianqi Liu
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Pengzu Wang
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Shiwen Xu
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Gen Lei
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Anshan Shan
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
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Dadak S, Beall C, Vlachaki Walker JM, Soutar MPM, McCrimmon RJ, Ashford MLJ. Oleate induces K ATP channel-dependent hyperpolarization in mouse hypothalamic glucose-excited neurons without altering cellular energy charge. Neuroscience 2017; 346:29-42. [PMID: 28087336 PMCID: PMC5346158 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oleate and low glucose hyperpolarize and inhibit GT1-7 and mouse GE neurons by activation of KATP. Oleate inhibition of GT1-7 neuron activity is not mediated by AMPK or fatty acid oxidation. Activation of KATP by oleate requires ATP hydrolysis but does not reduce the levels ATP or the ATP:ADP ratio. GT1-7 hyperpolarization by oleate is not dependent on UCP2. Oleate and low glucose depolarize a subpopulation of hypothalamic GI neurons.
The unsaturated fatty acid, oleate exhibits anorexigenic properties reducing food intake and hepatic glucose output. However, its mechanism of action in the hypothalamus has not been fully determined. This study investigated the effects of oleate and glucose on GT1-7 mouse hypothalamic cells (a model of glucose-excited (GE) neurons) and mouse arcuate nucleus (ARC) neurons. Whole-cell and perforated patch-clamp recordings, immunoblotting and cell energy status measures were used to investigate oleate- and glucose-sensing properties of mouse hypothalamic neurons. Oleate or lowered glucose concentration caused hyperpolarization and inhibition of firing of GT1-7 cells by the activation of ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP). This effect of oleate was not dependent on fatty acid oxidation or raised AMP-activated protein kinase activity or prevented by the presence of the UCP2 inhibitor genipin. Oleate did not alter intracellular calcium, indicating that CD36/fatty acid translocase may not play a role. However, oleate activation of KATP may require ATP metabolism. The short-chain fatty acid octanoate was unable to replicate the actions of oleate on GT1-7 cells. Although oleate decreased GT1-7 cell mitochondrial membrane potential there was no change in total cellular ATP or ATP/ADP ratios. Perforated patch and whole-cell recordings from mouse hypothalamic slices demonstrated that oleate hyperpolarized a subpopulation of ARC GE neurons by KATP activation. Additionally, in a separate small population of ARC neurons, oleate application or lowered glucose concentration caused membrane depolarization. In conclusion, oleate induces KATP-dependent hyperpolarization and inhibition of firing of a subgroup of GE hypothalamic neurons without altering cellular energy charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Dadak
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Craig Beall
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Julia M Vlachaki Walker
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Marc P M Soutar
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Rory J McCrimmon
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Michael L J Ashford
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.
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Barre DE, Mizier-Barre KA, Griscti O, Hafez K. Flaxseed oil supplementation manipulates correlations between serum individual mol % free fatty acid levels and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetics. Insulin resistance and percent remaining pancreatic β-cell function are unaffected. Endocr Regul 2016; 50:183-193. [DOI: 10.1515/enr-2016-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives. Elevated total serum free fatty acids (FFAs) concentrations have been suggested, controversially, to enhance insulin resistance and decrease percent remaining β-cell function. However, concentrations of individual serum FFAs have never been published in terms of their relationship (correlation) to homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and percent remaining β-cell function (HOMA-%β) in the type 2 diabetics (T2Ds). Alpha-linolenic acid consumption has a negative correlation with the insulin resistance, which in turn is negatively correlated with the remaining β-cell function. The primary objective was to test the hypothesis that there would be different relationship (correlation) between the blood serum individual free FFA mol % levels and HOMA-IR and/or HOMA-%β in T2D. The secondary objective was to test the hypothesis that flaxseed oil, previously being shown to be ineffective in the glycemic control in T2Ds, may alter these correlations in a statistically significant manner as well as HOMA-IR and/or HOMA-%β.
Methods. Patients were recruited via a newspaper advertisement and two physicians have been employed. All the patients came to visit one and three months later for a second visit. At the second visit, the subjects were randomly assigned (double blind) to flaxseed or safflower oil treatment for three months, until the third visit.
Results. Different statistically significant correlations or trends towards among some serum individual free FFA mol % levels and HOMA-IR and HOMA-%β, pre- and post-flaxseed and safflower oil supplementation were found. However, flaxseed oil had no impact on HOMA-IR or HOMA-%β despite statistically significant alterations in correlations compared to baseline HOMA-IR.
Conclusions. The obtained data indicate that high doses of flaxseed oil have no statistically significant effect on HOMA-IR or HOMA-%β in T2Ds, probably due to the additive effects of negative and positive correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- DE Barre
- Department of Health Sciences and Emergency Management, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - KA Mizier-Barre
- Department of Biology, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - O Griscti
- School of Nursing, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - K Hafez
- Dr Soliman Faqeeh Hospital/King Abdulla University of Science and Technology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Numao S, Kawano H, Endo N, Yamada Y, Takahashi M, Konishi M, Sakamoto S. Short-term high-fat diet alters postprandial glucose metabolism and circulating vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in healthy males. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:895-902. [PMID: 27454856 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Short-term intake of a high-fat diet aggravates postprandial glucose metabolism; however, the dose-response relationship has not been investigated. We hypothesized that short-term intake of a eucaloric low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet (LCHF) would aggravate postprandial glucose metabolism and circulating adhesion molecules in healthy males. Seven healthy young males (mean ± SE; age: 26 ± 1 years) consumed either a eucaloric control diet (C, approximately 25% fats), a eucaloric intermediate-carbohydrate/intermediate-fat diet (ICIF, approximately 50% fats), or an LCHF (approximately 70% fats) for 3 days. An oral meal tolerance test (MTT) was performed after the 3-day dietary intervention. The concentrations of plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were determined at rest and during MTT. The incremental area under the curve (iAUC) of plasma glucose concentration during MTT was significantly higher in LCHF than in C (P = 0.009). The first-phase insulin secretion indexes were significantly lower in LCHF than in C (P = 0.04). Moreover, the iAUC of GLP-1 and VCAM-1 concentrations was significantly higher in LCHF than in C (P = 0.014 and P = 0.04, respectively). The metabolites from ICIF and C were not significantly different. In conclusion, short-term intake of eucaloric diet containing a high percentage of fats in healthy males excessively increased postprandial glucose and VCAM-1 concentrations and attenuated first-phase insulin release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeharu Numao
- a Department of Health and Sports Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.,b Waseda Institute for Sport Sciences, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawano
- c Faculty of Letters, Kokushikan University, 4-28-1 Setagaya, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 154-8515, Japan
| | - Naoya Endo
- d Japan Institute of Sports Sciences 3-15-1 Nishigaoka, Kita-ku, Tokyo 115-0056
| | - Yuka Yamada
- b Waseda Institute for Sport Sciences, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
| | - Masaki Takahashi
- e Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Masayuki Konishi
- f Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
| | - Shizuo Sakamoto
- f Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan
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Vamvini MT, Hamnvik OP, Sahin-Efe A, Gavrieli A, Dincer F, Farr OM, Mantzoros CS. Differential Effects of Oral and Intravenous Lipid Administration on Key Molecules Related to Energy Homeostasis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:1989-97. [PMID: 26964729 PMCID: PMC4870849 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-4141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The spectrum of lipid-induced changes in the secretion of hormones important in energy homeostasis has not yet been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE To identify potential incretin-like effects in response to lipid administration, we examined the short-term effect of iv vs oral lipids on key molecules regulating energy homeostasis. Design, Intervention, and Participants: After a 10-hour overnight fast, 26 subjects were randomized to receive an oral lipid load, a 10% iv lipid emulsion, a 20% iv lipid emulsion, or an iv saline infusion. We obtained blood samples at 30-minute intervals for the first 2 hours and hourly thereafter for a total of 6 hours. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Circulating levels of insulin, glucose, c-peptide, free fatty acids, incretins (glucagon-like peptide-1, gastric inhibitory polypeptide), glucagon, peptide YY, ghrelin, fibroblast growth factor 21, fetuin A, irisin, omentin, and adiponectin were measured. RESULTS Oral lipid ingestion resulted in higher glucagon-like peptide-1, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, glucagon, and peptide YY levels, compared with the other three groups (incremental area under the curve P = .003, P < .001, P < .001, P < .001, respectively). The 20% lipid emulsion, leading to higher free fatty acid levels, resulted in greater insulin, c-peptide, and fibroblast growth factor 21 responses compared with placebo and the other two groups (incremental area under the curve P = .002, P = .005, P < .001, P < .001, respectively). Omentin, adiponectin, fetuin A, and irisin levels were not affected by either mode of lipid administration. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic responses to lipids depend on the route of administration. Only iv lipids trigger a dose-dependent fibroblast growth factor 21 secretion, which is nonglucagon mediated. Intravenous lipids also induce hyperinsulinemia without concurrent decreases in glucose, a phenomenon observed in insulin-resistant states. Orally administered lipids mostly affect gastrointestinal tract-secreted molecules important in glucose and energy homeostasis such as glucagon, incretins, and peptide YY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Vamvini
- Division of Endocrinology (M.T.V., O.-P.H., A.S.-E., A.G., F.D., O.M.F., C.S.M.), Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215; Department of Internal Medicine (M.T.V.), Mt Auburn Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension (O.-P.H.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02054
| | - Ole-Petter Hamnvik
- Division of Endocrinology (M.T.V., O.-P.H., A.S.-E., A.G., F.D., O.M.F., C.S.M.), Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215; Department of Internal Medicine (M.T.V.), Mt Auburn Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension (O.-P.H.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02054
| | - Ayse Sahin-Efe
- Division of Endocrinology (M.T.V., O.-P.H., A.S.-E., A.G., F.D., O.M.F., C.S.M.), Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215; Department of Internal Medicine (M.T.V.), Mt Auburn Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension (O.-P.H.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02054
| | - Anna Gavrieli
- Division of Endocrinology (M.T.V., O.-P.H., A.S.-E., A.G., F.D., O.M.F., C.S.M.), Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215; Department of Internal Medicine (M.T.V.), Mt Auburn Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension (O.-P.H.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02054
| | - Fadime Dincer
- Division of Endocrinology (M.T.V., O.-P.H., A.S.-E., A.G., F.D., O.M.F., C.S.M.), Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215; Department of Internal Medicine (M.T.V.), Mt Auburn Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension (O.-P.H.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02054
| | - Olivia M Farr
- Division of Endocrinology (M.T.V., O.-P.H., A.S.-E., A.G., F.D., O.M.F., C.S.M.), Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215; Department of Internal Medicine (M.T.V.), Mt Auburn Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension (O.-P.H.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02054
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology (M.T.V., O.-P.H., A.S.-E., A.G., F.D., O.M.F., C.S.M.), Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215; Department of Internal Medicine (M.T.V.), Mt Auburn Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension (O.-P.H.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02054
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49
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Yu J, Zheng J, Liu XF, Feng ZL, Zhang XP, Cao LL, Zhou ZP. Exercise improved lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in rats fed a high-fat diet by regulating glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and musclin expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 49:e5129. [PMID: 27143172 PMCID: PMC4855995 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20165129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of exercise training on triglyceride deposition and the expression of musclin and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in a rat model of insulin resistance. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats (8 weeks old, weight 160±10 g) were fed a high-fat diet (40% calories from fat) and randomly divided into high-fat control group and swimming intervention group. Rats fed with standard food served as normal control. We found that 8-week swimming intervention significantly decreased body weight (from 516.23±46.27 to 455.43±32.55 g) and visceral fat content (from 39.36±2.50 to 33.02±2.24 g) but increased insulin sensitivity index of the rats fed with a high-fat diet. Moreover, swimming intervention improved serum levels of TG (from 1.40±0.83 to 0.58±0.26 mmol/L) and free fatty acids (from 837.80±164.25 to 556.38±144.77 μEq/L) as well as muscle triglycerides deposition (from 0.55±0.06 to 0.45±0.02 mmol/g) in rats fed a high-fat diet. Compared with rats fed a standard food, musclin expression was significantly elevated, while GLUT4 expression was decreased in the muscles of rats fed a high-fat diet. In sharp contrast, swimming intervention significantly reduced the expression of musclin and increased the expression of GLUT4 in the muscles of rats fed a high-fat diet. In conclusion, increased musclin expression may be associated with insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, and exercise training improves lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity probably by upregulating GLUT4 and downregulating musclin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yu
- The First Hospital of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, China, Department of Endocrinology, Jiujiang Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - J Zheng
- The First Hospital of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, China, Department of Endocrinology, Jiujiang Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - X F Liu
- The First Hospital of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, China, Department of Endocrinology, Jiujiang Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Z L Feng
- The First Hospital of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, China, Department of Endocrinology, Jiujiang Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - X P Zhang
- The First Hospital of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, China, Department of Endocrinology, Jiujiang Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - L L Cao
- The First Hospital of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, China, Department of Endocrinology, Jiujiang Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Z P Zhou
- The First Hospital of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, China, Department of Endocrinology, Jiujiang Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province, China
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50
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Dooley J, Tian L, Schonefeldt S, Delghingaro-Augusto V, Garcia-Perez JE, Pasciuto E, Di Marino D, Carr EJ, Oskolkov N, Lyssenko V, Franckaert D, Lagou V, Overbergh L, Vandenbussche J, Allemeersch J, Chabot-Roy G, Dahlstrom JE, Laybutt DR, Petrovsky N, Socha L, Gevaert K, Jetten AM, Lambrechts D, Linterman MA, Goodnow CC, Nolan CJ, Lesage S, Schlenner SM, Liston A. Genetic predisposition for beta cell fragility underlies type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Nat Genet 2016; 48:519-27. [PMID: 26998692 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes share pathophysiological characteristics, yet mechanistic links have remained elusive. T1D results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, whereas beta cell failure in T2D is delayed and progressive. Here we find a new genetic component of diabetes susceptibility in T1D non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, identifying immune-independent beta cell fragility. Genetic variation in Xrcc4 and Glis3 alters the response of NOD beta cells to unfolded protein stress, enhancing the apoptotic and senescent fates. The same transcriptional relationships were observed in human islets, demonstrating the role of beta cell fragility in genetic predisposition to diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Dooley
- Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lei Tian
- Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Susann Schonefeldt
- Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Josselyn E Garcia-Perez
- Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emanuela Pasciuto
- Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniele Di Marino
- Department of Informatics, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Edward J Carr
- Lymphocyte Signaling and Development Institute Strategic Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nikolay Oskolkov
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Translational Pathophysiology, Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Dean Franckaert
- Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vasiliki Lagou
- Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lut Overbergh
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Vandenbussche
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Genevieve Chabot-Roy
- Immunology-Oncology Section, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jane E Dahlstrom
- Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Canberra Hospital, Garran, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - D Ross Laybutt
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Department of Endocrinology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Luis Socha
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anton M Jetten
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, US National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michelle A Linterman
- Lymphocyte Signaling and Development Institute Strategic Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chris C Goodnow
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher J Nolan
- Australian National University Medical School, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Canberra Hospital, Garran, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Immunology-Oncology Section, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Susan M Schlenner
- Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrian Liston
- Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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