1
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Wang H, Yuan YC, Chang C, Izumi T, Wang HH, Yang JK. The signaling protein GIV/Girdin mediates the Nephrin-dependent insulin secretion of pancreatic islet β cells in response to high glucose. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103045. [PMID: 36822326 PMCID: PMC10040812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion of pancreatic β cells is essential in maintaining glucose homeostasis. Recent evidence suggests that the Nephrin-mediated intercellular junction between β cells is implicated in the regulation of insulin secretion. However, the underlying mechanisms are only partially characterized. Herein we report that GIV is a signaling mediator coordinating glucose-stimulated Nephrin phosphorylation and endocytosis with insulin secretion. We demonstrate that GIV is expressed in mouse islets and cultured β cells. The loss of function study suggests that GIV is essential for the second phase of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Next, we demonstrate that GIV mediates the high glucose-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of GIV and Nephrin by recruiting Src kinase, which leads to the endocytosis of Nephrin. Subsequently, the glucose-induced GIV/Nephrin/Src signaling events trigger downstream Akt phosphorylation, which activates Rac1-mediated cytoskeleton reorganization, allowing insulin secretory granules to access the plasma membrane for the second-phase secretion. Finally, we found that GIV is downregulated in the islets isolated from diabetic mice, and rescue of GIV ameliorates the β-cell dysfunction to restore the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. We conclude that the GIV/Nephrin/Akt signaling axis is vital to regulate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. This mechanism might be further targeted for therapeutic intervention of diabetic mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ying-Chao Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Chang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Food and Drug Vocational College, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tetsuro Izumi
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hong-Hui Wang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Jin-Kui Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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2
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Kim JY, Lee EJ, Seo J, Lee Y, Ahn Y, Park S, Bae YJ, Lee J, Lim BJ, Kim D, Cho JW, Oh SH. Nephrin expression in human epidermal keratinocytes and its implication in poor wound closure. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22424. [PMID: 35747929 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100455rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nephrin is a type-1 transmembrane protein and a component of the slit diaphragm renal-filtration barrier. It has several functions in actin remodeling and cell-cell adhesion. Nephrin is principally located in the kidney glomerulus, but several studies have reported that nephrin is found in the pancreas, brain, and placenta. However, nephrin expression and its role in human skin have not yet been reported. First, using single-cell RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, and immuno-electron microscopy, nephrin expression was confirmed in human-skin epidermal keratinocytes. Nephrin expression colocalized with the expression of zonula occludens-1 in keratinocytes and was closely related to keratinocyte cell density, proliferation, and migration. High glucose treatment decreased nephrin expression and compromised keratinocyte cell migration without yes-associated protein nuclear entry. This reduced cell migration under high glucose conditions was improved in nephrin-overexpressing keratinocytes. Nephrin was highly expressed on the margins of re-epithelized epidermis based on in vivo mice and ex vivo human skin wound models. The results demonstrate that nephrin is expressed in human-skin keratinocytes and functions in cell adhesion, proliferation, and migration. In conclusion, this study suggests that nephrin may have a variety of physiological roles in human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Jung Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jimyung Seo
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Engineering, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yangsin Lee
- Glycosylation Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yuri Ahn
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sujin Park
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Bae
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinu Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Beom Jin Lim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Doyoung Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Won Cho
- Glycosylation Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Ho Oh
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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3
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Menon R, Otto EA, Berthier CC, Nair V, Farkash EA, Hodgin JB, Yang Y, Luo J, Woodside KJ, Zamani H, Norman SP, Wiggins RC, Kretzler M, Naik AS. Glomerular endothelial cell-podocyte stresses and crosstalk in structurally normal kidney transplants. Kidney Int 2022; 101:779-792. [PMID: 34952098 PMCID: PMC9067613 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increased podocyte detachment begins immediately after kidney transplantation and is associated with long-term allograft failure. We hypothesized that cell-specific transcriptional changes in podocytes and glomerular endothelial cells after transplantation would offer mechanistic insights into the podocyte detachment process. To test this, we evaluated cell-specific transcriptional profiles of glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes from 14 patients of their first-year surveillance biopsies with normal histology from low immune risk recipients with no post-transplant complications and compared these to biopsies of 20 healthy living donor controls. Glomerular endothelial cells from these surveillance biopsies were enriched for genes related to fluid shear stress, angiogenesis, and interferon signaling. In podocytes, pathways were enriched for genes in response to growth factor signaling and actin cytoskeletal reorganization but also showed evidence of podocyte stress as indicated by reduced nephrin (adhesion protein) gene expression. In parallel, transcripts coding for proteins required to maintain podocyte adherence to the underlying glomerular basement membrane were downregulated, including the major glomerular podocyte integrin α3 and the actin cytoskeleton-related gene synaptopodin. The reduction in integrin α3 protein expression in surveillance biopsies was confirmed by immunoperoxidase staining. The combined growth and stress response of patient allografts post-transplantation paralleled similar changes in a rodent model of nephrectomy-induced glomerular hypertrophic stress that progress to develop proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis with shortened kidney life span. Thus, even among patients with apparently healthy allografts with no detectable histologic abnormality including alloimmune injury, transcriptomic changes reflecting cell stresses are already set in motion that could drive hypertrophy-associated glomerular disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajasree Menon
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| | - Edgar A Otto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Celine C Berthier
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Viji Nair
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Evan A Farkash
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Hodgin
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yingbao Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jinghui Luo
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kenneth J Woodside
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Haniyeh Zamani
- School of Arts and Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Silas P Norman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Roger C Wiggins
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Abhijit S Naik
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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4
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Mulukala SKN, Kambhampati V, Qadri AH, Pasupulati AK. Evolutionary conservation of intrinsically unstructured regions in slit-diaphragm proteins. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254917. [PMID: 34288970 PMCID: PMC8294545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate kidneys contribute to homeostasis by regulating electrolyte, acid-base balance, removing toxic metabolites from blood, and preventing protein loss into the urine. Glomerular podocytes constitute the blood-urine barrier, and podocyte slit-diaphragm (SD), a modified tight junction, contributes to the glomerular permselectivity. Nephrin, KIRREL1, podocin, CD2AP, and TRPC6 are crucial members of the SD that interact with each other and contribute to the SD's structural and functional integrity. This study analyzed the distribution of these five essential SD proteins across the organisms for which the genome sequence is available. We found a diverse distribution of nephrin and KIRREL1 ranging from nematodes to higher vertebrates, whereas podocin, CD2AP, and TRPC6 are restricted to the vertebrates. Among invertebrates, nephrin and its orthologs consist of more immunoglobulin-3 domains, whereas in the vertebrates, CD80-like C2-set domains are predominant. In the case of KIRREL1 and its orthologs, more Ig domains were observed in invertebrates than vertebrates. Src Homology-3 (SH3) domain of CD2AP and SPFH domain of podocin are highly conserved among vertebrates. TRPC6 and its orthologs had conserved ankyrin repeats, TRP, and ion transport domains, except Chondrichthyes and Echinodermata, which do not possess the ankyrin repeats. Intrinsically unstructured regions (IURs) are conserved across the SD orthologs, suggesting IURs importance in the protein complexes that constitute the slit-diaphragm. For the first time, a study reports the evolutionary insights of vertebrate SD proteins and their invertebrate orthologs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K N Mulukala
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vaishnavi Kambhampati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Abrar H Qadri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anil K Pasupulati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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5
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Martin CE, New LA, Phippen NJ, Keyvani Chahi A, Mitro AE, Takano T, Pawson T, Blasutig IM, Jones N. Multivalent nephrin-Nck interactions define a threshold for clustering and tyrosine-dependent nephrin endocytosis. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs236877. [PMID: 31974115 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.236877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Assembly of signaling molecules into micrometer-sized clusters is driven by multivalent protein-protein interactions, such as those found within the nephrin-Nck (Nck1 or Nck2) complex. Phosphorylation on multiple tyrosine residues within the tail of the nephrin transmembrane receptor induces recruitment of the cytoplasmic adaptor protein Nck, which binds via its triple SH3 domains to various effectors, leading to actin assembly. The physiological consequences of nephrin clustering are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that nephrin phosphorylation regulates the formation of membrane clusters in podocytes. We also reveal a connection between clustering and endocytosis, which appears to be driven by threshold levels of nephrin tyrosine phosphorylation and Nck SH3 domain signaling. Finally, we expose an in vivo correlation between transient changes in nephrin tyrosine phosphorylation, nephrin localization and integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier during podocyte injury. Altogether, our results suggest that nephrin phosphorylation determines the composition of effector proteins within clusters to dynamically regulate nephrin turnover and podocyte health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Martin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Laura A New
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Noah J Phippen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ava Keyvani Chahi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alexander E Mitro
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Tomoko Takano
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Tony Pawson
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ivan M Blasutig
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Nina Jones
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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6
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Espiritu EB, Jiang H, Moreau-Marquis S, Sullivan M, Yan K, Beer Stolz D, Sampson MG, Hukriede NA, Swiatecka-Urban A. The human nephrin Y 1139RSL motif is essential for podocyte foot process organization and slit diaphragm formation during glomerular development. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:10773-10788. [PMID: 31152064 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrin is an immunoglobulin-type cell-adhesion molecule with a key role in the glomerular interpodocyte slit diaphragm. Mutations in the nephrin gene are associated with defects in the slit diaphragm, leading to early-onset nephrotic syndrome, typically resistant to treatment. Although the endocytic trafficking of nephrin is essential for the assembly of the slit diaphragm, nephrin's specific endocytic motifs remain unknown. To search for endocytic motifs, here we performed a multisequence alignment of nephrin and identified a canonical YXXØ-type motif, Y1139RSL, in the nephrin cytoplasmic tail, expressed only in primates. Using site-directed mutagenesis, various biochemical methods, single-plane illumination microscopy, a human podocyte line, and a human nephrin-expressing zebrafish model, we found that Y1139RSL is a novel endocytic motif and a structural element for clathrin-mediated nephrin endocytosis that functions as a phosphorylation-sensitive signal. We observed that Y1139RSL motif-mediated endocytosis helps to localize nephrin to specialized plasma membrane domains in podocytes and is essential for normal foot process organization into a functional slit diaphragm between neighboring foot processes in zebrafish. The importance of nephrin Y1139RSL for healthy podocyte development was supported by population-level analyses of genetic variations at this motif, revealing that such variations are very rare, suggesting that mutations in this motif have autosomal-recessive negative effects on kidney health. These findings expand our understanding of the mechanism underlying nephrin endocytosis and may lead to improved diagnostic tools or therapeutic strategies for managing early-onset, treatment-resistant nephrotic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenel B Espiritu
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15201
| | - Huajun Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Sophie Moreau-Marquis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Mara Sullivan
- Department of Nephrology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15201
| | - Kunimasa Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan, and
| | - Donna Beer Stolz
- Department of Nephrology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15201
| | - Matthew G Sampson
- Department of Pediatrics-Nephrology University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Neil A Hukriede
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15201
| | - Agnieszka Swiatecka-Urban
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224,.
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7
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Martin CE, Jones N. Nephrin Signaling in the Podocyte: An Updated View of Signal Regulation at the Slit Diaphragm and Beyond. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:302. [PMID: 29922234 PMCID: PMC5996060 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are a major component of the glomerular blood filtration barrier, and alterations to the morphology of their unique actin-based foot processes (FP) are a common feature of kidney disease. Adjacent FP are connected by a specialized intercellular junction known as the slit diaphragm (SD), which serves as the ultimate barrier to regulate passage of macromolecules from the blood. While the link between SD dysfunction and reduced filtration selectivity has been recognized for nearly 50 years, our understanding of the underlying molecular circuitry began only 20 years ago, sparked by the identification of NPHS1, encoding the transmembrane protein nephrin. Nephrin not only functions as the core component of the extracellular SD filtration network but also as a signaling scaffold via interactions at its short intracellular region. Phospho-regulation of several conserved tyrosine residues in this region influences signal transduction pathways which control podocyte cell adhesion, shape, and survival, and emerging studies highlight roles for nephrin phospho-dynamics in mechanotransduction and endocytosis. The following review aims to summarize the last 5 years of advancement in our knowledge of how signaling centered at nephrin directs SD barrier formation and function. We further provide insight on promising frontiers in podocyte biology, which have implications for SD signaling in the healthy and diseased kidney.
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8
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Mo H, Wu Q, Miao J, Luo C, Hong X, Wang Y, Tang L, Hou FF, Liu Y, Zhou L. C-X-C Chemokine Receptor Type 4 Plays a Crucial Role in Mediating Oxidative Stress-Induced Podocyte Injury. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:345-362. [PMID: 27960539 PMCID: PMC6435352 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Oxidative stress plays a role in mediating podocyte injury and proteinuria. However, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the potential role of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), the receptor for stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α), in mediating oxidative stress-induced podocyte injury. RESULTS In mouse model of adriamycin nephropathy (ADR), CXCR4 expression was significantly induced in podocytes as early as 3 days. This was accompanied by an increased upregulation of oxidative stress in podocyte, as demonstrated by malondialdehyde assay, nitrotyrosine staining and secretion of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in urine, and induction of NOX2 and NOX4, major subunits of NADPH oxidase. CXCR4 was also induced in human kidney biopsies with proteinuric kidney diseases and colocalized with advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), an established oxidative stress trigger. Using cultured podocytes and mouse model, we found that AOPPs induced significant loss of podocyte marker Wilms tumor 1 (WT1), nephrin, and podocalyxin, accompanied by upregulation of desmin both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, AOPPs worsened proteinuria and aggravated glomerulosclerosis in ADR. These effects were associated with marked activation of SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis in podocytes. Administration of AMD3100, a specific inhibitor of CXCR4, reduced proteinuria and ameliorated podocyte dysfunction and renal fibrosis triggered by AOPPs in mice. In glomerular miniorgan culture, AOPPs also induced CXCR4 expression and downregulated nephrin and WT1. Innovation and Conclusion: These results suggest that chemokine receptor CXCR4 plays a crucial role in mediating oxidative stress-induced podocyte injury, proteinuria, and renal fibrosis. CXCR4 could be a new target for mitigating podocyte injury, proteinuria, and glomerular sclerosis in proteinuric chronic kidney disease. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 345-362.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Mo
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinyu Wu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Miao
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Congwei Luo
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Hong
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongping Wang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Tang
- 2 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Fan Hou
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Youhua Liu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China .,3 Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lili Zhou
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
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9
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Carboneau BA, Breyer RM, Gannon M. Regulation of pancreatic β-cell function and mass dynamics by prostaglandin signaling. J Cell Commun Signal 2017; 11:105-116. [PMID: 28132118 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0377-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) are signaling lipids derived from arachidonic acid (AA), which is metabolized by cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 or 2 and class-specific synthases to generate PGD2, PGE2, PGF2α, PGI2 (prostacyclin), and thromboxane A2. PGs signal through G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and are important modulators of an array of physiological functions, including systemic inflammation and insulin secretion from pancreatic islets. The role of PGs in β-cell function has been an active area of interest, beginning in the 1970s. Early studies demonstrated that PGE2 inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), although more recent studies have questioned this inhibitory action of PGE2. The PGE2 receptor EP3 and one of the G-proteins that couples to EP3, GαZ, have been identified as negative regulators of β-cell proliferation and survival. Conversely, PGI2 and its receptor, IP, play a positive role in the β-cell by enhancing GSIS and preserving β-cell mass in response to the β-cell toxin streptozotocin (STZ). In comparison to PGE2 and PGI2, little is known about the function of the remaining PGs within islets. In this review, we discuss the roles of PGs, particularly PGE2 and PGI2, PG receptors, and downstream signaling events that alter β-cell function and regulation of β-cell mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany A Carboneau
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Richard M Breyer
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Program in Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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10
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Regulation of Nephrin Phosphorylation in Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Injury. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 28639250 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is the leading cause of microalbuminuria and end-stage renal failure in industrial countries. Disruption of the filtration barrier, seen in almost all nephrotic diseases and diabetes, is the result of the loss or effacement of the podocyte foot process, notably damage of proteins within the slit diaphragm such as nephrin. For many years, nephrin has been viewed as a structural component of the slit diaphragm. It is now well recognized that nephrin contains several tyrosine residues in its cytoplasmic domain, which influences the development of glomerular injury. In this review, we propose an overview of nephrin signaling pathways in kidney injury.
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11
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Batchu SN, Majumder S, Bowskill BB, White KE, Advani SL, Brijmohan AS, Liu Y, Thai K, Azizi PM, Lee WL, Advani A. Prostaglandin I2 Receptor Agonism Preserves β-Cell Function and Attenuates Albuminuria Through Nephrin-Dependent Mechanisms. Diabetes 2016; 65:1398-409. [PMID: 26868296 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Discovery of common pathways that mediate both pancreatic β-cell function and end-organ function offers the opportunity to develop therapies that modulate glucose homeostasis and separately slow the development of diabetes complications. Here, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of pharmacological agonism of the prostaglandin I2 (IP) receptor in pancreatic β-cells and in glomerular podocytes. The IP receptor agonist MRE-269 increased intracellular 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), augmented glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), and increased viability in MIN6 β-cells. Its prodrug form, selexipag, augmented GSIS and preserved islet β-cell mass in diabetic mice. Determining that this preservation of β-cell function is mediated through cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA)/nephrin-dependent pathways, we found that PKA inhibition, nephrin knockdown, or targeted mutation of phosphorylated nephrin tyrosine residues 1176 and 1193 abrogated the actions of MRE-269 in MIN6 cells. Because nephrin is important to glomerular permselectivity, we next set out to determine whether IP receptor agonism similarly affects nephrin phosphorylation in podocytes. Expression of the IP receptor in podocytes was confirmed in cultured cells by immunoblotting and quantitative real-time PCR and in mouse kidneys by immunogold electron microscopy, and its agonism 1) increased cAMP, 2) activated PKA, 3) phosphorylated nephrin, and 4) attenuated albumin transcytosis. Finally, treatment of diabetic endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout mice with selexipag augmented renal nephrin phosphorylation and attenuated albuminuria development independently of glucose change. Collectively, these observations describe a pharmacological strategy that posttranslationally modifies nephrin and the effects of this strategy in the pancreas and in the kidney.
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MESH Headings
- Acetamides/therapeutic use
- Acetates/pharmacology
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Nephropathies/pathology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/physiopathology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/prevention & control
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Insulin/agonists
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin Secretion
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/drug effects
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mutation
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Podocytes/drug effects
- Podocytes/metabolism
- Podocytes/pathology
- Podocytes/ultrastructure
- Prodrugs/therapeutic use
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational/drug effects
- Pyrazines/pharmacology
- Pyrazines/therapeutic use
- RNA Interference
- Receptors, Epoprostenol/agonists
- Receptors, Epoprostenol/genetics
- Receptors, Epoprostenol/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency/complications
- Renal Insufficiency/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency/pathology
- Renal Insufficiency/prevention & control
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri N Batchu
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Syamantak Majumder
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bridgit B Bowskill
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathryn E White
- Electron Microscopy Research Services, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K
| | - Suzanne L Advani
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela S Brijmohan
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Youan Liu
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kerri Thai
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paymon M Azizi
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Warren L Lee
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Advani
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Lehtonen S, Jalanko H. Nephrin Trafficking beyond the Kidney--Role in Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion in β Cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:965-8. [PMID: 26400568 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015080960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Lehtonen
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; and
| | - Hannu Jalanko
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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13
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Villarreal R, Mitrofanova A, Maiguel D, Morales X, Jeon J, Grahammer F, Leibiger IB, Guzman J, Fachado A, Yoo TH, Busher Katin A, Gellermann J, Merscher S, Burke GW, Berggren PO, Oh J, Huber TB, Fornoni A. Nephrin Contributes to Insulin Secretion and Affects Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling Independently of Insulin Receptor. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:1029-41. [PMID: 26400569 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrin belongs to a family of highly conserved proteins with a well characterized function as modulators of cell adhesion and guidance, and nephrin may have a role in metabolic pathways linked to podocyte and pancreatic β-cell survival. However, this role is incompletely characterized. In this study, we developed floxed nephrin mice for pancreatic β-cell-specific deletion of nephrin, which had no effect on islet size and glycemia. Nephrin deficiency, however, resulted in glucose intolerance in vivo and impaired glucose-stimulated insulin release ex vivo Glucose intolerance was also observed in eight patients with nephrin mutations compared with three patients with other genetic forms of nephrotic syndrome or nine healthy controls.In vitro experiments were conducted to investigate if nephrin affects autocrine signaling through insulin receptor A (IRA) and B (IRB), which are both expressed in human podocytes and pancreatic islets. Coimmunoprecipitation of nephrin and IRB but not IRA was observed and required IR phosphorylation. Nephrin per se was sufficient to induce phosphorylation of p70S6K in an phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent but IR/Src-independent manner, which was not augmented by exogenous insulin. These results suggest a role for nephrin as an independent modulator of podocyte and pancreatic β-cell nutrient sensing in the fasting state and the potential of nephrin as a drug target in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Villarreal
- Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Alla Mitrofanova
- Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and
| | - Dony Maiguel
- Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ximena Morales
- Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and
| | - Jongmin Jeon
- Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Ingo B Leibiger
- Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Guzman
- Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Alberto Fachado
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Tae H Yoo
- Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Anja Busher Katin
- Pediatric Nephrology, Pediatrics II, University Children's Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jutta Gellermann
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Charité Children's Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Merscher
- Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - George W Burke
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; and
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jun Oh
- Pediatric Nephrology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida;
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14
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You L, Wang N, Yin D, Wang L, Jin F, Zhu Y, Yuan Q, De W. Downregulation of Long Noncoding RNA Meg3 Affects Insulin Synthesis and Secretion in Mouse Pancreatic Beta Cells. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:852-62. [PMID: 26313443 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- LiangHui You
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute; Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - DanDan Yin
- Department of Central Laboratory; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University; Nanjing China
| | - LinTao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - FeiYan Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - YaNan Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - QingXin Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology; First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
| | - Wei De
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
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15
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Yesildag B, Bock T, Herrmanns K, Wollscheid B, Stoffel M. Kin of IRRE-like Protein 2 Is a Phosphorylated Glycoprotein That Regulates Basal Insulin Secretion. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:25891-906. [PMID: 26324709 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.684704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct interactions among pancreatic β-cells via cell surface proteins inhibit basal and enhance stimulated insulin secretion. Here, we functionally and biochemically characterized Kirrel2, an immunoglobulin superfamily protein with β-cell-specific expression in the pancreas. Our results show that Kirrel2 is a phosphorylated glycoprotein that co-localizes and interacts with the adherens junction proteins E-cadherin and β-catenin in MIN6 cells. We further demonstrate that the phosphosites Tyr(595-596) are functionally relevant for the regulation of Kirrel2 stability and localization. Analysis of the extracellular and intracellular domains of Kirrel2 revealed that it is cleaved and shed from MIN6 cells and that the remaining membrane spanning cytoplasmic domain is processed by γ-secretase complex. Kirrel2 knockdown with RNA interference in MIN6 cells and ablation of Kirrel2 from mice with genetic deletion resulted in increased basal insulin secretion from β-cells, with no immediate influence on stimulated insulin secretion, total insulin content, or whole body glucose metabolism. Our results show that in pancreatic β-cells Kirrel2 localizes to adherens junctions, is regulated by multiple post-translational events, including glycosylation, extracellular cleavage, and phosphorylation, and engages in the regulation of basal insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcak Yesildag
- From the Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich
| | - Thomas Bock
- the Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093 Zurich, and
| | - Karolin Herrmanns
- From the Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich
| | - Bernd Wollscheid
- the Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093 Zurich, and
| | - Markus Stoffel
- From the Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, the Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093 Zurich, and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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16
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Yun BH, Lee SM, Cho HY, Kim JY, Son GH, Kim YH, Park YW, Lim BJ, Kwon JY. Expression of nephrin in the human placenta and fetal membranes. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:5116-20. [PMID: 26151763 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrin is the signature molecule in the podocyte of the glomerulus that forms the renal slit diaphragm, the main functional unit of the glomerulus. The present study focused on the expression of nephrin in the human placenta, which may also have a role in filtration and the maintenance of homeostasis in the kidneys. A total of nine placentas from normal healthy pregnant females at full term were investigated. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunofluorescence were performed. The expression of nephrin mRNA was relatively increased in the chorion compared with that in the villi and the amnion. The nephrin gene was detected in the villous cytotrophoblast cells and the endothelium of the intravillous vessels. It was also present in the chorionic and amniotic membranous lining, with its distribution being particularly dense in the amniocytes. The identification of nephrin in the human placenta, particularly at the maternal‑fetal interface, provides a novel insight into the molecular basis of the selective permeability of the placental barrier, which requires further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hyon Yun
- Division of Maternal‑Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120‑752, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Mi Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110‑799, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Young Cho
- Division of Maternal‑Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120‑752, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120‑752, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Hyun Son
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul 150‑719, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Han Kim
- Division of Maternal‑Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120‑752, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Won Park
- Division of Maternal‑Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120‑752, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Jin Lim
- Department of Pathology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 135‑720, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Young Kwon
- Division of Maternal‑Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120‑752, Republic of Korea
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17
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Kapodistria K, Tsilibary EP, Politis P, Moustardas P, Charonis A, Kitsiou P. Nephrin, a transmembrane protein, is involved in pancreatic beta-cell survival signaling. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 400:112-28. [PMID: 25448064 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Nephrin, a cell surface signaling receptor, regulates podocyte function in health and disease. We study the role of nephrin in β-cell survival signaling. We report that in mouse islet β-cells and the mouse pancreatic beta-cell line (βTC-6 cells) nephrin is associated and partly co-localized with PI3-kinase. Incubation of cells with functional anti-nephrin antibodies induced nephrin clustering at the plasma membrane, nephrin phosphorylation and recruitment of PI3-kinase to nephrin thus resulting in increased PI3K-dependent Akt phosphorylation and augmented phosphorylation/inhibition of pro-apoptotic Bad and FoxO. Nephrin silencing abolished Akt activation and increased susceptibility of cells to apoptosis. High glucose impaired nephrin signaling, increased nephrin internalization and up-regulated PKCα expression. Interestingly, a marked decrease in nephrin expression and phosphorylated Akt was observed in pancreatic islets of db/db lepr-/- diabetic mice. Our findings revealed that nephrin is involved in β-cell survival and suggest that glucose-induced changes in nephrin signaling may contribute to gradual pancreatic β-cell loss in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Kapodistria
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research, N.C.S.R. "Demokritos", Terma Patriarchou Grigoriou & Neapoleos, 15310 Agia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
| | - Effie-Photini Tsilibary
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research, N.C.S.R. "Demokritos", Terma Patriarchou Grigoriou & Neapoleos, 15310 Agia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Politis
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens (BRFAA), 4 Soranou Ephessiou, Athens 115 27, Greece
| | - Petros Moustardas
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens (BRFAA), 4 Soranou Ephessiou, Athens 115 27, Greece
| | - Aristidis Charonis
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens (BRFAA), 4 Soranou Ephessiou, Athens 115 27, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Kitsiou
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research, N.C.S.R. "Demokritos", Terma Patriarchou Grigoriou & Neapoleos, 15310 Agia Paraskevi, Attiki, Greece.
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18
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Bonomo JA, Ng MCY, Palmer ND, Keaton JM, Larsen CP, Hicks PJ, Langefeld CD, Freedman BI, Bowden DW. Coding variants in nephrin (NPHS1) and susceptibility to nephropathy in African Americans. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 9:1434-40. [PMID: 24948143 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.00290114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Presumed genetic risk for diabetic and nondiabetic end stage renal disease is strong in African Americans. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Exome sequencing data from African Americans with type 2 diabetic end stage renal disease and nondiabetic, non-nephropathy controls in the T2D-GENES study (Discovery, n=529 patients and n=535 controls) were evaluated, focusing on missense variants in NPHS1. Associated variants were then evaluated in independent type 2 diabetic end stage renal disease (Replication, n=1305 patients and n=760 controls), nondiabetic end stage renal disease (n=1705), and type 2 diabetes-only, non-nephropathy samples (n=503). All participants were recruited from dialysis facilities and internal medicine clinics across the southeastern United States from 1991 to present. Additional NPHS1 missense variants were identified from exome sequencing resources, genotyped, and sequence kernel association testing was then performed. RESULTS Initial analysis identified rs35238405 (T233A; minor allele frequency=0.0096) as associated with type 2 diabetic end stage renal disease (adjustment for admixture P=0.042; adjustment for admixture+APOL1 P=0.080; odds ratio, 2.89 and 2.36, respectively); with replication in independent type 2 diabetic end stage renal disease samples (P=0.018; odds ratio, 4.30) and nondiabetic end stage renal disease samples (P=0.016; odds ratio, 4.48). In a combined analysis (all patients with end stage renal disease versus all controls), T233A was associated with all-cause end stage renal disease (P=0.0038; odds ratio, 2.82; n=3270 patients and n=1187 controls). A P-value of <0.001 was obtained after adjustment for admixture and APOL1 in sequence kernel association testing. Two additional variants (H800R and Y1174H) were nominally associated with protection from end stage renal disease (P=0.036; odds ratio, 0.44; P=0.0084; odds ratio, 0.040, respectively) in the locus-wide single-variant association tests. CONCLUSIONS Coding variants in NPHS1 are associated with both risk for and protection from common forms of nephropathy in African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Bonomo
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Translational Science, Center for Human Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and
| | - Maggie C Y Ng
- Center for Human Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and Biochemistry
| | - Nicholette D Palmer
- Center for Human Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and Biochemistry
| | - Jacob M Keaton
- Center for Human Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and
| | | | - Pamela J Hicks
- Center for Human Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and
| | | | - Carl D Langefeld
- Center for Human Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and Biostatistical Sciences, and
| | | | - Donald W Bowden
- Center for Human Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and Biochemistry,
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Abstract
Ninety-one years ago insulin was discovered, which was one of the most important medical discoveries in the past century, transforming the lives of millions of diabetic patients. Initially insulin was considered only important for rapid control of blood glucose by its action on a restricted number of tissues; however, it has now become clear that this hormone controls an array of cellular processes in many different tissues. The present review will focus on the role of insulin in the kidney in health and disease.
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20
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Li M, Armelloni S, Edefonti A, Messa P, Rastaldi MP. Fifteen years of research on nephrin: what we still need to know. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 28:767-70. [PMID: 23139403 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Renal Research Laboratory, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico & Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, Milano, Italy
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21
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Bayliss G, Weinrauch LA, D'Elia JA. Pathophysiology of obesity-related renal dysfunction contributes to diabetic nephropathy. Curr Diab Rep 2012; 12:440-6. [PMID: 22638939 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-012-0288-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the role of insulin resistance in renal injury related to obesity, with hyperfiltration leading to glomerulomegaly in a pattern similar to that found in diabetic nephropathy. Similarities in the histologic patterns of damage from obesity and diabetes point to overlapping mechanisms of injury. In this review, we will examine the hormonal mechanisms, signaling pathways and injury patterns in renal injury resulting from obesity and attempt to draw conclusions on the reasons for these similarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Bayliss
- Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, Rhode Island and Miriam Hospitals, Providence, USA.
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22
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Jeon J, Leibiger I, Moede T, Walter B, Faul C, Maiguel D, Villarreal R, Guzman J, Berggren PO, Mundel P, Ricordi C, Merscher-Gomez S, Fornoni A. Dynamin-mediated Nephrin phosphorylation regulates glucose-stimulated insulin release in pancreatic beta cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:28932-42. [PMID: 22718751 PMCID: PMC3436561 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.389452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated a role for Nephrin in glucose stimulated insulin release (GSIR). We now hypothesize that Nephrin phosphorylation is required for GSIR and that Dynamin influences Nephrin phosphorylation and function. MIN6-C3 Nephrin-deficient pancreatic beta cells and human islets were transfected with WT-Nephrin or with a mutant Nephrin in which the tyrosine residues responsible for SH2 domain binding were substituted with phenylalanine (3YF-Nephrin). GSIR and live images of Nephrin and vesicle trafficking were studied. Immunoprecipitation experiments and overexpression of WT-Dynamin or dominant negative Dynamin mutant (K44A-Dynamin) in WT-Nephrin, 3YF-Nephrin, or Nephrin siRNA-transfected cells were utilized to study Nephrin-Dynamin interaction. In contrast to WT-Nephrin or to single tyrosine mutants, 3YF-Nephrin did not positively affect GSIR and led to impaired cell-cell contacts and vesicle trafficking. K44A-Dynamin prevented the effect of Nephrin on GSIR in the absence of protein-protein interaction between Nephrin and Dynamin. Nephrin gene silencing abolished the positive effects of WT-Dynamin on GSIR. The effects of protamine sulfate and vanadate on Nephrin phosphorylation and GSIR were studied in MIN6 cells and human islets. WT-Nephrin phosphorylation after glucose occurred at Tyr-1176/1193 and resulted in improved GSIR. On the contrary, protamine sulfate-induced phosphorylation at Tyr-1176/1193/1217 was associated with Nephrin degradation and impaired GSIR. Vanadate, which prevented Nephrin dephosphorylation after glucose stimulation, improved GSIR in human islets and MIN6 cells. In conclusion, Dynamin-dependent Nephrin phosphorylation occurs in response to glucose and is necessary for Nephrin-mediated augmentation of GSIR. Pharmacological modulation of Nephrin phosphorylation may thus facilitate pancreatic beta cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongmin Jeon
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami L. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
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Völker LA, Petry M, Abdelsabour-Khalaf M, Schweizer H, Yusuf F, Busch T, Schermer B, Benzing T, Brand-Saberi B, Kretz O, Höhne M, Kispert A. Comparative analysis of Neph gene expression in mouse and chicken development. Histochem Cell Biol 2011; 137:355-66. [PMID: 22205279 PMCID: PMC3278613 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-011-0903-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neph proteins are evolutionarily conserved members of the immunoglobulin superfamily of adhesion proteins and regulate morphogenesis and patterning of different tissues. They share a common protein structure consisting of extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains, a transmembrane region, and a carboxyl terminal cytoplasmic tail required for signaling. Neph orthologs have been widely characterized in invertebrates where they mediate such diverse processes as neural development, synaptogenesis, or myoblast fusion. Vertebrate Neph proteins have been described first at the glomerular filtration barrier of the kidney. Recently, there has been accumulating evidence suggesting a function of Neph proteins also outside the kidney. Here we demonstrate that Neph1, Neph2, and Neph3 are expressed differentially in various tissues during ontogenesis in mouse and chicken. Neph1 and Neph2 were found to be amply expressed in the central nervous system while Neph3 expression remained localized to the cerebellum anlage and the spinal cord. Outside the nervous system, Neph mRNAs were also differentially expressed in branchial arches, somites, heart, lung bud, and apical ectodermal ridge. Our findings support the concept that vertebrate Neph proteins, similarly to their Drosophila and C. elegans orthologs, provide guidance cues for cell recognition and tissue patterning in various organs which may open interesting perspectives for future research on Neph1-3 controlled morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus A Völker
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
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Wagner N, Morrison H, Pagnotta S, Michiels JF, Schwab Y, Tryggvason K, Schedl A, Wagner KD. The podocyte protein nephrin is required for cardiac vessel formation. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:2182-94. [PMID: 21402589 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrin (NPHS1) has been described as an important structural protein of kidney podocytes. Mutations in this gene lead to the Finnish-type congenital nephrotic syndrome. More recently, a role of nephrin as a signalling molecule in kidney podocytes has been identified. Here, we show that nephrin not only has a function in kidney podocytes, but is also required for cardiovascular development. Nephrin is expressed in the epicardium and coronary vessels during human and mouse embryonic development. Nephrin knockout embryos showed abnormal epicardial cell morphology and, at later stages of development, a reduced number of coronary vessels due to increased apoptosis, and in addition, cardiac fibrosis. Connexin 43, which is required for coronary vessel formation, was downregulated in nephrin knockout embryos. Expression of the p75NTR neurotrophin receptor, a known mediator of apoptosis, was increased in mutants. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated a direct interaction of nephrin with p75NTR. Primary nephrin-deficient cardiac cells showed a 5-fold higher rate of apoptosis in response to progenitor of nerve growth factor compared with wild-type cells, which could be rescued by RNAi against p75NTR. Taken together, our data demonstrate that nephrin directly interacts with p75NTR and reveal an important role for nephrin in murine cardiac development by permitting survival of cardiovascular progenitor cells.
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25
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Li M, Armelloni S, Ikehata M, Corbelli A, Pesaresi M, Calvaresi N, Giardino L, Mattinzoli D, Nisticò F, Andreoni S, Puliti A, Ravazzolo R, Forloni G, Messa P, Rastaldi MP. Nephrin expression in adult rodent central nervous system and its interaction with glutamate receptors. J Pathol 2011; 225:118-28. [PMID: 21630272 DOI: 10.1002/path.2923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nephrin is an immunoglobulin-like adhesion molecule first discovered as a major component of the podocyte slit diaphragm, where its integrity is essential to the function of the glomerular filtration barrier. Outside the kidney, nephrin has been shown in other restricted locations, most notably in the central nervous system (CNS) of embryonic and newborn rodents. With the aim of better characterizing nephrin expression and its role in the CNS of adult rodents, we studied its expression pattern and possible binding partners in CNS tissues and cultured neuronal cells and compared these data to those obtained in control renal tissues and podocyte cell cultures. Our results show that, besides a number of locations already found in embryos and newborns, endogenous nephrin in adult rodent CNS extends to the pons and corpus callosum and is expressed by granule cells and Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, with a characteristic alternating expression pattern. In primary neuronal cells we find nephrin expression close to synaptic proteins and demonstrate that nephrin co-immunoprecipitates with Fyn kinase, glutamate receptors and the scaffolding molecule PSD95, an assembly that is reminiscent of those made by synaptic adhesion molecules. This role seems to be confirmed by our findings of impaired maturation and reduced glutamate exocytosis occurring in Neuro2A cells upon nephrin silencing. Of note, we disclose that the very same nephrin interactions occur in renal glomeruli and cultured podocytes, supporting our hypothesis that podocytes organize and use similar molecular intercellular signalling modules to those used by neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Renal Research Laboratory, Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and Fondazione D'Amico per la Ricerca sulle Malattie Renali, Milan, Italy
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D'Elia JA, Bayliss G, Roshan B, Maski M, Gleason RE, Weinrauch LA. Diabetic microvascular complications: possible targets for improved macrovascular outcomes. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2010; 4:1-15. [PMID: 21694944 PMCID: PMC3108788 DOI: 10.2147/ijnrd.s14716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The results of recent outcome trials challenge hypotheses that tight control of both glycohemoglobin and blood pressure diminishes macrovascular events and survival among type 2 diabetic patients. Relevant questions exist regarding the adequacy of glycohemoglobin alone as a measure of diabetes control. Are we ignoring mechanisms of vasculotoxicity (profibrosis, altered angiogenesis, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and endothelial injury) inherent in current antihyperglycemic medications? Is the polypharmacy for lowering cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, and systolic blood pressure producing drug interactions that are too complex to be clinically identified? We review angiotensin-aldosterone mechanisms of tissue injury that magnify microvascular damage caused by hyperglycemia and hypertension. Many studies describe interruption of these mechanisms, without hemodynamic consequence, in the preservation of function in type 1 diabetes. Possible interactions between the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and physiologic glycemic control (through pulsatile insulin release) suggest opportunities for further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A D'Elia
- Renal Unit, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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