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Perge K, Capel E, Senée V, Julier C, Vigouroux C, Nicolino M. Ciliopathies are responsible for short stature and insulin resistance: A systematic review of this clinical association regarding SOFT syndrome. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024:10.1007/s11154-024-09894-w. [PMID: 39017987 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-024-09894-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
SOFT syndrome (Short stature-Onychodysplasia-Facial dysmorphism-hypoTrichosis) is a rare primordial dwarfism syndrome caused by biallelic variants in POC1A encoding a centriolar protein. To refine the phenotypic spectrum of SOFT syndrome, recently shown to include metabolic features, we conducted a systematic review of all published cases (19 studies, including 42 patients). The SOFT tetrad affected only 24 patients (57%), while all cases presented with short stature from birth (median height: -5.5SDS([-8.5]-[-2.8])/adult height: 132.5 cm(103.5-148)), which was most often disproportionate (90.5%), with relative macrocephaly. Bone involvement resulted in short hands and feet (100%), brachydactyly (92.5%), metaphyseal (92%) or epiphyseal (84%) anomalies, and/or sacrum/pelvis hypoplasia (58%). Serum IGF-I was increased (median IGF-I level: + 2 SDS ([-0.5]-[+ 3])). Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy was stopped for absence/poor growth response (7/9 patients, 78%) and/or hyperglycemia (4/9 patients, 45%). Among 11 patients evaluated, 10 (91%) presented with central distribution of fat (73%), clinical (64%) and/or biological insulin resistance (IR) (100%, median HOMA-IR: 18), dyslipidemia (80%), and hepatic steatosis (100%). Glucose tolerance abnormalities affected 58% of patients aged over 10 years. Patients harbored biallelic missense (52.4%) or truncating (45.2%) POC1A variants. Biallelic null variants, affecting 36% of patients, were less frequently associated with the SOFT tetrad (33% vs 70% respectively, p = 0.027) as compared to other variants, without difference in the prevalence of metabolic abnormalities. POC1A should be sequenced in children with short stature, altered glucose/insulin homeostasis and/or centripetal fat distribution. In patients with SOFT syndrome, rhGH treatment is not indicated, and IR-related complications should be regularly screened and monitored.PROSPERO registration: CRD42023460876.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Perge
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism Department, Femme Mère Enfant Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.
- Claude Bernard University, Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
- Paris University, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR-8104, Paris, France.
| | - Emilie Capel
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Senée
- Paris University, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR-8104, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Julier
- Paris University, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR-8104, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Vigouroux
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, National Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Paris, France
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Marc Nicolino
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism Department, Femme Mère Enfant Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
- Claude Bernard University, Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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Ceccarini G, Akinci B, Araujo-Vilar D, Beghini M, Brown RJ, Carrion Tudela J, Corradin V, Donadille B, Jerez Ruiz J, Jeru I, Lattanzi G, Maffei M, McIlroy GD, Nobécourt E, Perez de Tudela N, Rochford JJ, Sanders R, von Schnurbein J, Tews D, Vantyghem MC, Vatier C, Vigouroux C, Santini F. Proceedings of the annual meeting of the European Consortium of Lipodystrophies (ECLip), Pisa, Italy, 28-29 September 2023. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2024; 85:308-316. [PMID: 38452868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Lipodystrophy syndromes are rare diseases primarily affecting the development or maintenance of the adipose tissue but are also distressing indirectly multiple organs and tissues, often leading to reduced life expectancy and quality of life. Lipodystrophy syndromes are multifaceted disorders caused by genetic mutations or autoimmunity in the vast majority of cases. While many subtypes are now recognized and classified, the disease remains remarkably underdiagnosed. The European Consortium of Lipodystrophies (ECLip) was founded in 2014 as a non-profit network of European centers of excellence working in the field of lipodystrophies aiming at promoting international collaborations to increase basic scientific understanding and clinical management of these syndromes. The network has developed a European Patient Registry as a collaborative research platform for consortium members. ECLip and ECLip registry activities involve patient advocacy groups to increase public awareness and to seek advice on research activities relevant from the patients perspective. The annual ECLip congress provides updates on the research results of various network groups members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ceccarini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Baris Akinci
- DEPARK, Dokuz Eylul University & Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Izmir, Turkey
| | - David Araujo-Vilar
- UETeM-Molecular Pathology of Rare Diseases Group. Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Heath, Nursing and Medicine, IDIS-CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marianna Beghini
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rebecca J Brown
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juan Carrion Tudela
- Spanish Federation for Rare Diseases, Asociación de Familiares y Afectados por Lipodistrofias, Spain
| | | | - Bruno Donadille
- Endocrinology Department, National Reference Centre for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Saint-Antoine University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jose Jerez Ruiz
- Spanish Federation for Rare Diseases, Asociación de Familiares y Afectados por Lipodistrofias, Spain
| | - Isabelle Jeru
- Inserm UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Cardiometabolism and Nutrition University Hospital Institute (ICAN), Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Department of Genetics, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics « Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza » Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Margherita Maffei
- National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - George D McIlroy
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK. Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Estelle Nobécourt
- Diabète athérothrombose Océan Indien, Inserm UMR 1188 DéTROI, CHU/Université de La Réunion, 97410 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion
| | - Naca Perez de Tudela
- Spanish Federation for Rare Diseases, Asociación de Familiares y Afectados por Lipodistrofias, Spain
| | - Justin J Rochford
- The Rowett Institute and Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | | | - Julia von Schnurbein
- Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Tews
- Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marie-Christine Vantyghem
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Nutrition CHU de Lille, Lille, France; Inserm U1190, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille University, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Camille Vatier
- Endocrinology Department, National Reference Centre for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Saint-Antoine University Hospital, Paris, France; Inserm UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Cardiometabolism and Nutrition University Hospital Institute (ICAN), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Vigouroux
- Endocrinology Department, National Reference Centre for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Saint-Antoine University Hospital, Paris, France; Inserm UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Cardiometabolism and Nutrition University Hospital Institute (ICAN), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Ferruccio Santini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Zhu S, Wang J, Zhu H, Wang Q, Tang B, Xiong F, Luo Z, Chen A, Wang X, Leng X, Zeng L. Dual diagnosis of microcephalic osteosplastic primary dwarfism type II and benign familial infantile seizure type 2: a case report. Clin Dysmorphol 2024; 33:83-86. [PMID: 38441202 PMCID: PMC10911253 DOI: 10.1097/mcd.0000000000000493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyao Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital
| | - Qiyan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital
| | - Bei Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fu Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital
| | - Zemin Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital
| | - Ai Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital
| | - Xueyan Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital
| | - Xiangyou Leng
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital
| | - Lan Zeng
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital
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Perge K, Capel E, Villanueva C, Gautheron J, Diallo S, Auclair M, Rondeau S, Morichon R, Brioude F, Jéru I, Rossi M, Nicolino M, Vigouroux C. Ciliopathy due to POC1A deficiency: clinical and metabolic features, and cellular modeling. Eur J Endocrinol 2024; 190:151-164. [PMID: 38245004 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE SOFT syndrome (MIM#614813), denoting Short stature, Onychodysplasia, Facial dysmorphism, and hypoTrichosis, is a rare primordial dwarfism syndrome caused by biallelic variants in POC1A, encoding a centriolar protein. SOFT syndrome, characterized by severe growth failure of prenatal onset and dysmorphic features, was recently associated with insulin resistance. This study aims to further explore its endocrinological features and pathophysiological mechanisms. DESIGN/METHODS We present clinical, biochemical, and genetic features of 2 unrelated patients carrying biallelic pathogenic POC1A variants. Cellular models of the disease were generated using patients' fibroblasts and POC1A-deleted human adipose stem cells. RESULTS Both patients present with clinical features of SOFT syndrome, along with hyperinsulinemia, diabetes or glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, liver steatosis, and central fat distribution. They also display resistance to the effects of IGF-1. Cellular studies show that the lack of POC1A protein expression impairs ciliogenesis and adipocyte differentiation, induces cellular senescence, and leads to resistance to insulin and IGF-1. An altered subcellular localization of insulin receptors and, to a lesser extent, IGF1 receptors could also contribute to resistance to insulin and IGF1. CONCLUSIONS Severe growth retardation, IGF-1 resistance, and centripetal fat repartition associated with insulin resistance-related metabolic abnormalities should be considered as typical features of SOFT syndrome caused by biallelic POC1A null variants. Adipocyte dysfunction and cellular senescence likely contribute to the metabolic consequences of POC1A deficiency. SOFT syndrome should be included within the group of monogenic ciliopathies with metabolic and adipose tissue involvement, which already encompasses Bardet-Biedl and Alström syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Perge
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism Department, Femme Mère Enfant Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron F69500, France
- Claude Bernard University, Lyon 1, Lyon F69100, France
| | - Emilie Capel
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, and Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Carine Villanueva
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism Department, Femme Mère Enfant Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron F69500, France
| | - Jérémie Gautheron
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, and Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Safiatou Diallo
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, and Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Martine Auclair
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, and Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Rondeau
- Department of Molecular Biology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris F75015, France
| | - Romain Morichon
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, and Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, F75012 Paris, France
- Cytometry and Imagery platform Saint-Antoine (CISA), Inserm UMS30 Lumic, Paris F75012, France
| | - Frédéric Brioude
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, and Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, F75012 Paris, France
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Armand Trousseau University Hospital, Paris F75012, France
| | - Isabelle Jéru
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, and Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, F75012 Paris, France
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, Paris F75012, France
| | - Massimiliamo Rossi
- Genetics Department, Referral Center for Skeletal Dysplasias, Femme Mère Enfant Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon F69500, France
- UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS, GENDEV Team, Bron F69500, France
| | - Marc Nicolino
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism Department, Femme Mère Enfant Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron F69500, France
- Claude Bernard University, Lyon 1, Lyon F69100, France
| | - Corinne Vigouroux
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, and Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, F75012 Paris, France
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, Paris F75012, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, National Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Paris F75012, France
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Tomlinson PR, Knox R, Perisic O, Su HC, Brierley GV, Williams RL, Semple RK. Paradoxical dominant negative activity of an immunodeficiency-associated activating PIK3R1 variant. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.02.565250. [PMID: 38077044 PMCID: PMC10705566 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.02.565250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
PIK3R1 encodes three regulatory subunits of class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), each associating with any of three catalytic subunits, namely p110α, p110β or p110δ. Constitutional PIK3R1 mutations cause diseases with a genotype-phenotype relationship not yet fully explained: heterozygous loss-of-function mutations cause SHORT syndrome, featuring insulin resistance and short stature attributed to reduced p110α function, while heterozygous activating mutations cause immunodeficiency, attributed to p110δ activation and known as APDS2. Surprisingly, APDS2 patients do not show features of p110α hyperactivation, but do commonly have short stature or SHORT syndrome, suggesting p110α hypofunction. We sought to investigate this. In dermal fibroblasts from an APDS2 patient, we found no increased PI3K signalling, with p110δ expression markedly reduced. In preadipocytes, the APDS2 variant was potently dominant negative, associating with Irs1 and Irs2 but failing to heterodimerise with p110α. This attenuation of p110α signalling by a p110δ-activating PIK3R1 variant potentially explains co-incidence of gain-of-function and loss-of-function PIK3R1 phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patsy R. Tomlinson
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rachel Knox
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Olga Perisic
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen C. Su
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gemma V. Brierley
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Robert K. Semple
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Marzano F, Chiara M, Consiglio A, D’Amato G, Gentile M, Mirabelli V, Piane M, Savio C, Fabiani M, D’Elia D, Sbisà E, Scarano G, Lonardo F, Tullo A, Pesole G, Faienza MF. Whole-Exome and Transcriptome Sequencing Expands the Genotype of Majewski Osteodysplastic Primordial Dwarfism Type II. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12291. [PMID: 37569667 PMCID: PMC10418986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcephalic Osteodysplastic Primordial Dwarfism type II (MOPDII) represents the most common form of primordial dwarfism. MOPD clinical features include severe prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, postnatal severe microcephaly, hypotonia, and an increased risk for cerebrovascular disease and insulin resistance. Autosomal recessive biallelic loss-of-function genomic variants in the centrosomal pericentrin (PCNT) gene on chromosome 21q22 cause MOPDII. Over the past decade, exome sequencing (ES) and massive RNA sequencing have been effectively employed for both the discovery of novel disease genes and to expand the genotypes of well-known diseases. In this paper we report the results both the RNA sequencing and ES of three patients affected by MOPDII with the aim of exploring whether differentially expressed genes and previously uncharacterized gene variants, in addition to PCNT pathogenic variants, could be associated with the complex phenotype of this disease. We discovered a downregulation of key factors involved in growth, such as IGF1R, IGF2R, and RAF1, in all three investigated patients. Moreover, ES identified a shortlist of genes associated with deleterious, rare variants in MOPDII patients. Our results suggest that Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies can be successfully applied for the molecular characterization of the complex genotypic background of MOPDII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaviana Marzano
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, IBIOM–CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy; (F.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Matteo Chiara
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Arianna Consiglio
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, ITB-CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (V.M.); (D.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Gabriele D’Amato
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Di Venere Hospital, 70012 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Mirabelli
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, ITB-CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (V.M.); (D.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Maria Piane
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | | | - Marco Fabiani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Domenica D’Elia
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, ITB-CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (V.M.); (D.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Elisabetta Sbisà
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies, ITB-CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (V.M.); (D.D.); (E.S.)
| | - Gioacchino Scarano
- Medical Genetics Unit, AORN “San Pio”, Hosp. “G. Rummo”, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (G.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Fortunato Lonardo
- Medical Genetics Unit, AORN “San Pio”, Hosp. “G. Rummo”, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (G.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Apollonia Tullo
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, IBIOM–CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy; (F.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Graziano Pesole
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, IBIOM–CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy; (F.M.); (A.T.)
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biofarmaceutics, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Felicia Faienza
- Pediatric Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University “A. Moro” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Farcy S, Hachour H, Bahi-Buisson N, Passemard S. Genetic Primary Microcephalies: When Centrosome Dysfunction Dictates Brain and Body Size. Cells 2023; 12:1807. [PMID: 37443841 PMCID: PMC10340463 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary microcephalies (PMs) are defects in brain growth that are detectable at or before birth and are responsible for neurodevelopmental disorders. Most are caused by biallelic or, more rarely, dominant mutations in one of the likely hundreds of genes encoding PM proteins, i.e., ubiquitous centrosome or microtubule-associated proteins required for the division of neural progenitor cells in the embryonic brain. Here, we provide an overview of the different types of PMs, i.e., isolated PMs with or without malformations of cortical development and PMs associated with short stature (microcephalic dwarfism) or sensorineural disorders. We present an overview of the genetic, developmental, neurological, and cognitive aspects characterizing the most representative PMs. The analysis of phenotypic similarities and differences among patients has led scientists to elucidate the roles of these PM proteins in humans. Phenotypic similarities indicate possible redundant functions of a few of these proteins, such as ASPM and WDR62, which play roles only in determining brain size and structure. However, the protein pericentrin (PCNT) is equally required for determining brain and body size. Other PM proteins perform both functions, albeit to different degrees. Finally, by comparing phenotypes, we considered the interrelationships among these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Farcy
- UMR144, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France;
- Inserm UMR-S 1163, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Hassina Hachour
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, DMU INOV-RDB, APHP, Hôpital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France;
| | - Nadia Bahi-Buisson
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, DMU MICADO, APHP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France;
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMR-S 1163, Institut Imagine, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Passemard
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, DMU INOV-RDB, APHP, Hôpital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France;
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMR 1141, NeuroDiderot, 75019 Paris, France
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8
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Lee EY, Hughes JW. Rediscovering Primary Cilia in Pancreatic Islets. Diabetes Metab J 2023; 47:454-469. [PMID: 37105527 PMCID: PMC10404530 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are microtubule-based sensory and signaling organelles on the surfaces of most eukaryotic cells. Despite their early description by microscopy studies, islet cilia had not been examined in the functional context until recent decades. In pancreatic islets as in other tissues, primary cilia facilitate crucial developmental and signaling pathways in response to extracellular stimuli. Many human developmental and genetic disorders are associated with ciliary dysfunction, some manifesting as obesity and diabetes. Understanding the basis for metabolic diseases in human ciliopathies has been aided by close examination of cilia action in pancreatic islets at cellular and molecular levels. In this article, we review the evidence for ciliary expression on islet cells, known roles of cilia in pancreas development and islet hormone secretion, and summarize metabolic manifestations of human ciliopathy syndromes. We discuss emerging data on primary cilia regulation of islet cell signaling and the structural basis of cilia-mediated cell crosstalk, and offer our interpretation on the role of cilia in glucose homeostasis and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Lee
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jing W. Hughes
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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9
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Zhu W, Shi Y, Zhang C, Peng Y, Wan Y, Xu Y, Liu X, Han B, Zhao S, Kuang Y, Song H, Qiao J. In-frame deletion of SMC5 related with the phenotype of primordial dwarfism, chromosomal instability and insulin resistance. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1007. [PMID: 36627765 PMCID: PMC9832215 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SMC5/6 complex plays a vital role in maintaining genome stability, yet the relationship with human diseases has not been described. METHODS SMC5 variation was identified through whole-exome sequencing (WES) and verified by Sanger sequencing. Immunoprecipitation, cytogenetic analysis, fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and electron microscopy were used to elucidate the cellular consequences of patient's cells. smc5 knockout (KO) zebrafish and Smc5K371del knock-in mouse models were generated by CRISPR-Cas9. RNA-seq, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), western blot, microquantitative computed tomography (microCT) and histology were used to explore phenotypic characteristics and potential mechanisms of the animal models. The effects of Smc5 knockdown on mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) during adipogenesis were investigated through Oil Red O staining, proliferation and apoptosis assays in vitro. RESULTS We identified a homozygous in-frame deletion of Arg372 in SMC5, one of the core subunits of the SMC5/6 complex, from an adult patient with microcephalic primordial dwarfism, chromosomal instability and insulin resistance. SMC5 mutation disrupted its interaction with its interacting protein NSMCE2, leading to defects in DNA repair and chromosomal instability in patient fibroblasts. Smc5 KO zebrafish showed microcephaly, short length and disturbed glucose metabolism. Smc5 depletion triggers a p53-related apoptosis, as concomitant deletion of the p53 rescued growth defects phenotype in zebrafish. An smc5K371del knock-in mouse model exhibited high mortality, severe growth restriction and fat loss. In 3T3-L1 cells, the knockdown of smc5 results in impaired MCE, a crucial step in adipogenesis. This finding implies that defective cell survival and differentiation is an important mechanism linking growth disorders and metabolic homeostasis imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Zhu
- Department of EndocrinologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yuanping Shi
- Department of EndocrinologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Changrun Zhang
- Department of EndocrinologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yajie Peng
- Department of EndocrinologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yueyue Wan
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & EndocrinologyThe Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical ResearchShanghai Ninth People's HospitalState Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of EndocrinologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xuemeng Liu
- Department of EndocrinologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Bing Han
- Department of EndocrinologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shuangxia Zhao
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & EndocrinologyThe Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical ResearchShanghai Ninth People's HospitalState Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yanping Kuang
- Department of Assisted ReproductionShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Huaidong Song
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics & EndocrinologyThe Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical ResearchShanghai Ninth People's HospitalState Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jie Qiao
- Department of EndocrinologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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10
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Bonnefond A, Semple RK. Achievements, prospects and challenges in precision care for monogenic insulin-deficient and insulin-resistant diabetes. Diabetologia 2022; 65:1782-1795. [PMID: 35618782 PMCID: PMC9522735 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Integration of genomic and other data has begun to stratify type 2 diabetes in prognostically meaningful ways, but this has yet to impact on mainstream diabetes practice. The subgroup of diabetes caused by single gene defects thus provides the best example to date of the vision of 'precision diabetes'. Monogenic diabetes may be divided into primary pancreatic beta cell failure, and primary insulin resistance. In both groups, clear examples of genotype-selective responses to therapy have been advanced. The benign trajectory of diabetes due to pathogenic GCK mutations, and the sulfonylurea-hyperresponsiveness conferred by activating KCNJ11 or ABCC8 mutations, or loss-of-function HNF1A or HNF4A mutations, often decisively guide clinical management. In monogenic insulin-resistant diabetes, subcutaneous leptin therapy is beneficial in some severe lipodystrophy. Increasing evidence also supports use of 'obesity therapies' in lipodystrophic people even without obesity. In beta cell diabetes the main challenge is now implementation of the precision diabetes vision at scale. In monogenic insulin-resistant diabetes genotype-specific benefits are proven in far fewer patients to date, although further genotype-targeted therapies are being evaluated. The conceptual paradigm established by the insulin-resistant subgroup with 'adipose failure' may have a wider influence on precision therapy for common type 2 diabetes, however. For all forms of monogenic diabetes, population-wide genome sequencing is currently forcing reappraisal of the importance assigned to pathogenic mutations when gene sequencing is uncoupled from prior suspicion of monogenic diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Bonnefond
- Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France.
- Université de Lille, Lille, France.
- Department of Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Robert K Semple
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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11
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Gene Networks of Hyperglycemia, Diabetic Complications, and Human Proteins Targeted by SARS-CoV-2: What Is the Molecular Basis for Comorbidity? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137247. [PMID: 35806251 PMCID: PMC9266766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
People with diabetes are more likely to have severe COVID-19 compared to the general population. Moreover, diabetes and COVID-19 demonstrate a certain parallelism in the mechanisms and organ damage. In this work, we applied bioinformatics analysis of associative molecular networks to identify key molecules and pathophysiological processes that determine SARS-CoV-2-induced disorders in patients with diabetes. Using text-mining-based approaches and ANDSystem as a bioinformatics tool, we reconstructed and matched networks related to hyperglycemia, diabetic complications, insulin resistance, and beta cell dysfunction with networks of SARS-CoV-2-targeted proteins. The latter included SARS-CoV-2 entry receptors (ACE2 and DPP4), SARS-CoV-2 entry associated proteases (TMPRSS2, CTSB, and CTSL), and 332 human intracellular proteins interacting with SARS-CoV-2. A number of genes/proteins targeted by SARS-CoV-2 (ACE2, BRD2, COMT, CTSB, CTSL, DNMT1, DPP4, ERP44, F2RL1, GDF15, GPX1, HDAC2, HMOX1, HYOU1, IDE, LOX, NUTF2, PCNT, PLAT, RAB10, RHOA, SCARB1, and SELENOS) were found in the networks of vascular diabetic complications and insulin resistance. According to the Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, the defined molecules are involved in the response to hypoxia, reactive oxygen species metabolism, immune and inflammatory response, regulation of angiogenesis, platelet degranulation, and other processes. The results expand the understanding of the molecular basis of diabetes and COVID-19 comorbidity.
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12
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Mericq V, Huang-Doran I, Al-Naqeb D, Basaure J, Castiglioni C, de Bruin C, Hendriks Y, Bertini E, Alkuraya FS, Losekoot M, Al-Rubeaan K, Semple RK, Wit JM. Biallelic POC1A variants cause syndromic severe insulin resistance with muscle cramps. Eur J Endocrinol 2022; 186:543-552. [PMID: 35234134 PMCID: PMC9010808 DOI: 10.1530/eje-21-0609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe clinical, laboratory, and genetic characteristics of three unrelated cases from Chile, Portugal, and Saudi Arabia with severe insulin resistance, SOFT syndrome, and biallelic pathogenic POC1A variants. DESIGN Observational study. METHODS Probands' phenotypes, including short stature, dysmorphism, and insulin resistance, were compared with previous reports. RESULTS Cases 1 (female) and 3 (male) were homozygous for known pathogenic POC1A variants: c.649C>T, p.(Arg217Trp) and c.241C>T, p.(Arg81*), respectively. Case 2 (male) was compound heterozygous for p.(Arg217Trp) variant and the rare missense variant c.370G>A, p.(Asp124Asn). All three cases exhibited severe insulin resistance, acanthosis nigricans, elevated serum triglycerides and decreased HDL, and fatty liver, resembling three previously reported cases. All three also reported severe muscle cramps. Aggregate analysis of the six known cases with biallelic POC1A variants and insulin resistance showed decreased birth weight and length mean (s.d.): -2.8 (0.9) and -3.7 (0.9) SDS, respectively), severe short stature mean (s.d.) height: -4.9 (1.7) SDS) and moderate microcephaly (mean occipitofrontal circumference -3.0 (range: -4.7 to -1.2)). These findings were similar to those reported for patients with SOFT syndrome without insulin resistance. Muscle biopsy in Case 3 showed features of muscle involvement secondary to a neuropathic process. CONCLUSIONS Patients with SOFT syndrome can develop severe dyslipidaemic insulin resistance, independent of the exonic position of the POC1A variant. They also can develop severe muscle cramps. After diagnosis, patients should be regularly screened for insulin resistance and muscle complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Mericq
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- Correspondence should be addressed to V Mericq or R K Semple; or
| | - Isabel Huang-Doran
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dhekra Al-Naqeb
- Department of Medicine, Medical Genetic Clinic, Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Christiaan de Bruin
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Hendriks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Centre for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monique Losekoot
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Khalid Al-Rubeaan
- Research and Scientific Centre Director, Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert K Semple
- Center for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Correspondence should be addressed to V Mericq or R K Semple; or
| | - Jan M Wit
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children’s Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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13
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Liu H, Tao N, Wang Y, Yang Y, He X, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Liu X, Feng X, Sun M, Xu F, Su Y, Li L. A novel homozygous mutation of the PCNT gene in a Chinese patient with microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1761. [PMID: 34331829 PMCID: PMC8457697 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPD II) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe pre‐ and postnatal growth restrictions, microcephaly, skeletal dysplasia, severe teeth deformities, and typical facial features. Previous studies have shown that MOPD II is associated with mutations in the pericentrin (PCNT) gene. Methods We evaluated the clinical features of a 10‐year and 7‐month‐old Chinese girl with MOPD II. Subsequently, next‐generation sequencing and flow cytometry were performed to investigate genetic characteristics and the expression of PCNT protein respectively. Results The patient presented with short stature, microcephaly, typical craniofacial features, teeth deformity, thrombocytosis, and a delayed bone age (approximately 7 years). No abnormality in growth hormone or insulin‐like growth factor 1 was detected. Notably, the patient was found to carry a novel homozygous PCNT mutation (c.6157G>T, p.Glu2053Ter), which was inherited from her healthy heterozygous parents. Meanwhile, significant deficiency of PCNT expression was identified in the patient. Conclusion Our study identified a novel PCNT mutation associated with MOPD II, expanded the mutation spectrum of the PCNT gene and improved our understanding of the molecular basis of MOPD II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Liu
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Na Tao
- Department of Endocrinology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoli He
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuantao Zhou
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoning Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xingxing Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Meiyuan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanfang Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Li
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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14
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Duker AL, Kinderman D, Jordan C, Niiler T, Baker-Smith CM, Thompson L, Parry DA, Carroll RS, Bober MB. Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II is associated with global vascular disease. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:231. [PMID: 34016138 PMCID: PMC8139163 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01852-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPDII) is the most common form of primordial dwarfism, caused by bialleic mutations in the pericentrin gene (PCNT). Aside from its classic features, there are multiple associated medical complications, including a well-documented risk of neurovascular disease. Over the past several years, it has become apparent that additional vascular issues, as well as systemic hypertension and kidney disease may also be related to MOPDII. However, the frequency and extent of the vasculopathy was unclear. To help address this question, a vascular substudy was initiated within our Primordial Dwarfism Registry. Results Medical records from 47 individuals, living and deceased, ranging in age from 3 to 41years of age were interrogated for this purpose. Of the total group, 64% were diagnosed with moyamoya, intracranial aneurysms, or both. In general, the age at diagnosis for moyamoya was younger than aneurysms, but the risk for neurovascular disease was throughout the shortened lifespan. In addition to neurovascular disease, renal, coronary and external carotid artery involvement are documented. 43% of the total group was diagnosed with hypertension, and 17% had myocardial infarctions. A total of 32% of the entire cohort had some form of chronic kidney disease, with 4% of the total group necessitating a kidney transplant. In addition, 38% had diabetes/insulin resistance. Ages of diagnoses, treatment modalities employed, and location of vasculopathies were notated as available and applicable, as well as frequencies of other comorbidities. Conclusions It is now clear that vascular disease in MOPDII is global and screening of the cardiac and renal vessels is warranted along with close monitoring of blood pressure. We recommend a blood pressure of 110/70mmHg as a starting point for an upper limit, especially if the individual has a history of neurovascular disease, chronic kidney disease and/or diabetes. Additionally, providers need to be at high alert for the possibility of myocardial infarctions in young adults with MOPDII, so that appropriate treatment can be initiated promptly in an acute situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L Duker
- Skeletal Dysplasia Program, Division of Orthogenetics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Dagmar Kinderman
- Department of Research, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | | | - Tim Niiler
- Gait Laboratory, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Carissa M Baker-Smith
- Department of Cardiology, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Louise Thompson
- The South East of Scotland Clinical Genetic Service, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David A Parry
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ricki S Carroll
- Skeletal Dysplasia Program, Division of Orthogenetics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Michael B Bober
- Skeletal Dysplasia Program, Division of Orthogenetics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA.
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Mao R, Yang F, Zhang Y, Liu H, Guo P, Liu Y, Zhang T. High expression of CD52 in adipocytes: a potential therapeutic target for obesity with type 2 diabetes. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:11043-11060. [PMID: 33705353 PMCID: PMC8109061 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the involvement of CD52 in adipocytes as well as to explore its effect on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to improve our understanding of the potential molecular events of obesity with type 2 diabetes. Global changes in the CD52 expression patterns were detected in adipocytes and preadipocytes derived from obese and lean individuals. In particular, CD52 was identified as significantly differentially upregulated and was analyzed, both in vitro and in vivo, using various approaches. In vitro experiments, CD52 was a significantly up-regulated mRNA in mature adipocytes and preadipocytes. In addition, CD52 gradually increased with the differentiation of preadipocytes. In vivo experiments, the expression of CD52 in high-fat diet (HFD) -fed mice tended to be higher than that in regular diet (RD) -fed mice. Further analysis showed that CD52 expression was positively correlated with Smad3 and TGF-β in mice, and the downregulation of CD52 was accompanied by increased glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Moreover, a comparison of CD4+CD52high T cells and CD4+CD52low T cells showed that many T2DM-related genes were aberrantly expressed. Overall, CD52 may functioned as an important potential target for obesity with T2DM via TGF-β/Smad3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Mao
- The Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Emergency Department, Third Clinical Medical College, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- The Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- The Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Pengsen Guo
- The Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- The Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- The Center of Gastrointestinal and Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.,Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu 610031, China
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16
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Ma Y, Xu Z, Zhao J, Shen H. Novel compound heterozygous mutations of PCNT gene in MOPD type II with central precocious puberty. Gynecol Endocrinol 2021; 37:190-192. [PMID: 33016782 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1827382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a 6-year and 11-month old girl with short stature, microcephaly, proboscis nose, small teeth, left breast Tanner stage II, and nasopharynx adenoid hypertrophy. Her gestational age was 37 weeks and birth weight was 800 g. Her growth hormone peak was higher than 35.2 ng/ml, luteinizing hormone peak 8.97 IU/l, and blood glucose of 120 min 7.82 mmol/l in oral glucose tolerance test. Genetic testing revealed two novel heterozygous mutations in the PCNT gene, an insertion mutation at c.1828dupT (p.S610Ffs*32), and a splice site mutation at c.1207 + 1G>A, which were inherited from healthy carrier patients. This case shows that MOPDII can be associated with central precocious puberty and impaired glucose tolerance in addition to intrauterine growth restriction, postpartum growth defect, and microcephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhuangjian Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jinling Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Handan Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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17
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Segovia-Ortí R, Espinosa de los Monteros Aliaga Cano N, Lumbreras J, Sotto-Esteban DD, Rodrigo MD. Renal Dysplasia and Precocious Diabetes Onset in Microcephalic Osteodysplastic Primordial Dwarfism Type II Syndrome: A Case Report. J Pediatr Genet 2020; 11:158-161. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1716399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMicrocephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPDII) is a genetic syndrome. Its main characteristics are bony dysplasia, prenatal and postnatal growth deficiencies, microcephaly, and cerebrovascular disease. Several other features have been added recently. We report an individual with MOPDII affected by congenital renal dysplasia and hyperosmolar coma diabetic onset. Renal dysplasia has not been previously described in individuals with MOPDII. By publishing cases of unusual genetic disorders, it will be possible to broaden the spectrum of these rare syndromes, and improve the diagnosis and management of comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Segovia-Ortí
- Department of Pediatrics Endocrinology, Son Espases University Hospital, Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Javier Lumbreras
- Department of Pediatrics Nephrology, Son Espases University Hospital, Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - María Dolores Rodrigo
- Department of Pediatrics Nephrology, Son Espases University Hospital, Mallorca, Spain
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18
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Goh KJ, Chen JH, Rocha N, Semple RK. Human pluripotent stem cell-based models suggest preadipocyte senescence as a possible cause of metabolic complications of Werner and Bloom Syndromes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7490. [PMID: 32367056 PMCID: PMC7198505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Werner Syndrome (WS) and Bloom Syndrome (BS) are disorders of DNA damage repair caused by biallelic disruption of the WRN or BLM DNA helicases respectively. Both are commonly associated with insulin resistant diabetes, usually accompanied by dyslipidemia and fatty liver, as seen in lipodystrophies. In keeping with this, progressive reduction of subcutaneous adipose tissue is commonly observed. To interrogate the underlying cause of adipose tissue dysfunction in these syndromes, CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing was used to generate human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) lacking either functional WRN or BLM helicase. No deleterious effects were observed in WRN−/− or BLM−/− embryonic stem cells, however upon their differentiation into adipocyte precursors (AP), premature senescence emerged, impairing later stages of adipogenesis. The resulting adipocytes were also found to be senescent, with increased levels of senescent markers and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) components. SASP components initiate and reinforce senescence in adjacent cells, which is likely to create a positive feedback loop of cellular senescence within the adipocyte precursor compartment, as demonstrated in normal ageing. Such a scenario could progressively attenuate adipose mass and function, giving rise to “lipodystrophy-like” insulin resistance. Further assessment of pharmacological senolytic strategies are warranted to mitigate this component of Werner and Bloom syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Jee Goh
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jian-Hua Chen
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK.,The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nuno Rocha
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK.,The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert K Semple
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK. .,The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK. .,Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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19
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Dehghan Tezerjani M, Vahidi Mehrjardi MY, Hozhabri H, Rahmanian M. A Novel PCNT Frame Shift Variant (c.7511delA) Causing Osteodysplastic Primordial Dwarfism of Majewski Type 2 (MOPD II). Front Pediatr 2020; 8:340. [PMID: 32671003 PMCID: PMC7330014 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPD II) is an autosomal recessive and skeletal disorder included wide spectrum of clinical abnormalities such as fetal growth restriction, disproportionate face, microcephaly, post-natal growth retardation, adult height under 100 cm, abnormal skin pigmentation, insulin resistance, and susceptibility to cerebrovascular and hematologic abnormalities. Due to heterogeneous feature of MOPDs diseases and common clinical features among the different subtypes, mutation analysis can be considered as fundamental in the accurate diagnosis and confirmation of the MOPD II disease. Some studies revealed that, variants of gene encoding Pericentrin protein, PCNT, were associated with MOPD II. Methods: We performed whole exome sequencing based on the next generation sequencing (Illumina platform), to perform correct diagnosis in a 17-year-old girl with an unknown disease who was referred to the Diabetes Research Center in Yazd, Iran. The clinical features of the patient were short stature, generalized brachydactyly, gradual deterioration of brain functioning, menstrual irregularity, clitoromegaly, acanthosis nigricans, diabetes mellitus, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Accordingly, her parents were also first cousin with no background disease. After identifying the novel variant, it was confirmed in the proband and her family using bi-directional Sanger sequencing, and its pathogenicity was also checked by different online tools. Results: Our study revealed a novel frame-shift variant in PCNT gene (c.7511delA, p.K2504Sfs*27), which causes premature termination of Pericentrin protein. The result disclosed that, the proband was affected by MOPD II disease. In addition, the Sanger sequencing confirmed the novel homozygote variant in the proband and heterozygote one in her parents, and the extended family perfectly segregated among them. Online tools such as Varsome and MutationTaster also showed a high level of pathogenicity for the variant identified. Conclusion: A novel variant was identified in the proband and her extended family, which emphasized the importance of PCNT gene mutations analysis in the screening and accurate identification of MOPD II disease, especially in prenatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Dehghan Tezerjani
- Abortion Research Centre, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yahya Vahidi Mehrjardi
- Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hossein Hozhabri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Masoud Rahmanian
- Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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20
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Alrajhi H, Alallah J, Shawli A, Alghamdi K, Hakami F. Majewski dwarfism type II: an atypical neuroradiological presentation with a novel variant in the PCNT gene. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/5/e224197. [PMID: 31151966 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-224197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism syndrome II (MOPDII) is microcephalic primordial dwarfism and is a very rare form of disproportionate short stature. This disorder shares common features with other forms of microcephalic primordial dwarfism, including severe prenatal and postnatal growth retardation with marked microcephaly. However, it includes characteristic skeletal dysplasia, abnormal dentition and increased risk for cerebrovascular diseases. Recent reports added more features, including café-au-lait lesions, cutis marmorata, astigmatism, Moyamoya disease, insulin resistance, obesity, abnormal skin pigmentation and acanthosis nigricans around the neck. Clearly, the more MOPDII reports that are produced, the more information will be added to the spectrum of MOPDII features that can improve our understanding of this disorder. In this paper, we reported a new case of MOPDII with more severe clinical features, earlier onset of common features, in addition to a homozygous novel variant in the PCNT gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdan Alrajhi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jubara Alallah
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Neonatology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aiman Shawli
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Departments of Clinical Genetics, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alghamdi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Hakami
- Molecular Medicine Section, Department of Pathology, (KAMC-WR), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Wang L, Gong Y, Li C, Zu Y, Cui S, Wan L, Chen X. Pericentrin expression in pancreatic β cells is associated impaired glucose tolerance. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:2257-2268. [PMID: 31105833 PMCID: PMC6511801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role and mechanism of pericentrin (PCNT) in impaired glucose tolerance. METHODS Mouse model of specific PCNT reduction in β-cells (PCNTβPCNT) was built using a Tet-on induction system; mouse model of impaired glucose tolerance was built by high-fat feeding. MIN6 cells were divided into control and Si-PCNT groups. RESULTS An obvious decrease in PCNT, F-actin, and insulin expression in Si-PCNT cells (P < 0.01) was observed, and the stimulating effect of GLP-1 on first phase insulin secretion disappeared in Si-PCNT cells. PCNTβ exhibited impaired first phase insulin secretion and abnormal glucose tolerance (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Fewer insulin granules smaller than 300 nm were detected in PCNTβ (P < 0.05). PCNT expression decreased progressively with insulin resistance (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). First phase insulin secretion and glucose tolerance decreased with PCNT levels. The homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance was negatively correlated with PCNT expression. CONCLUSIONS PCNT plays an important role in modulating first phase insulin release by adjusting distribution of insulin granules and was closely related to development of impaired glucose tolerance induced by the high-fat diet. PCNT might be a therapeutic target for diabetes prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangchen Wang
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseaseBeijing 100853, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese Air Force General Hospital of People’s Liberation ArmyBeijing 100142, China
| | - Yanping Gong
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseaseBeijing 100853, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseaseBeijing 100853, China
| | - Yuan Zu
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseaseBeijing 100853, China
| | - Shaoyuan Cui
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Chinese People’s Liberation Army Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseasesBeijing 100853, China
| | - Lijuan Wan
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseaseBeijing 100853, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Chinese People’s Liberation Army Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney DiseasesBeijing 100853, China
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22
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Hearn T. ALMS1 and Alström syndrome: a recessive form of metabolic, neurosensory and cardiac deficits. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 97:1-17. [PMID: 30421101 PMCID: PMC6327082 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1714-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alström syndrome (AS) is characterised by metabolic deficits, retinal dystrophy, sensorineural hearing loss, dilated cardiomyopathy and multi-organ fibrosis. Elucidating the function of the mutated gene, ALMS1, is critical for the development of specific treatments and may uncover pathways relevant to a range of other disorders including common forms of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Interest in ALMS1 is heightened by the recent discovery of its involvement in neonatal cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest, a process with potential relevance to regenerative medicine. ALMS1 encodes a ~ 0.5 megadalton protein that localises to the base of centrioles. Some studies have suggested a role for this protein in maintaining centriole-nucleated sensory organelles termed primary cilia, and AS is now considered to belong to the growing class of human genetic disorders linked to ciliary dysfunction (ciliopathies). However, mechanistic details are lacking, and recent studies have implicated ALMS1 in several processes including endosomal trafficking, actin organisation, maintenance of centrosome cohesion and transcription. In line with a more complex picture, multiple isoforms of the protein likely exist and non-centrosomal sites of localisation have been reported. This review outlines the evidence for both ciliary and extra-ciliary functions of ALMS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Hearn
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
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23
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Wang LC, Fang FS, Gong YP, Yang G, Li CL. Characteristics of repaglinide and its mechanism of action on insulin secretion in patients with newly diagnosed type-2 diabetes mellitus. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12476. [PMID: 30235745 PMCID: PMC6160250 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to compare the effect of repaglinide and metformin among Chinese patients with newly diagnosed diabetes, and explore the possible mechanisms by which repaglinide alters insulin secretion.Sixty subjects with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) < 10.0% were randomly selected to receive repaglinide or metformin monotherapy for 15 weeks. Blood glucose levels, glycemic variability, β-cell function, and first-phase insulin secretion were compared between these 2 groups at baseline and at 15 weeks. Mouse insulinoma (MIN-6) cells were divided into 3 groups: low glucose, high glucose, and repaglinide 50 nm groups. Cells and cell culture mediums were collected at different timepoints. The expression of pericentrin (PCNT), F-actin, and insulin were tested with immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.All glycemic parameters and variability indexes significantly decreased from baseline to 15 weeks, while no significant difference was found between these 2 groups at baseline or at 15 weeks. Furthermore, there was no significant difference found in fasting insulin and postprandial insulin at baseline and at 15 weeks, while homeostasis model assessment β significantly increased. The first-phase glucose and insulin secretion of the intravenous glucose tolerance test improved in both groups, especially in the repaglinide group. Insulin, PCNT, and F-actin expression in MIN-6 cells decreased after 15 minutes of stimulation with repaglinide, while no difference was observed at 2, 6, and 12 hours. The insulin levels of the cell medium in the repaglinide group remained significantly higher at all timepoints.This study manifests that repaglinide has a noninferiority effect on the glycemic parameters of Chinese patients with newly diagnosed diabetes, when compared with metformin. The PCNT-F-actin pathway plays an important role in the repaglinide regulation process of on-demand insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Chen Wang
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatic Diseases
- Department of Endocrinology, Air Force General Hospital, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Fang
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatic Diseases
| | - Yan-Ping Gong
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatic Diseases
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatic Diseases
| | - Chun-Lin Li
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatic Diseases
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24
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Roque H, Saurya S, Pratt MB, Johnson E, Raff JW. Drosophila PLP assembles pericentriolar clouds that promote centriole stability, cohesion and MT nucleation. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007198. [PMID: 29425198 PMCID: PMC5823460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericentrin is a conserved centrosomal protein whose dysfunction has been linked to several human diseases. It has been implicated in many aspects of centrosome and cilia function, but its precise role is unclear. Here, we examine Drosophila Pericentrin-like-protein (PLP) function in vivo in tissues that form both centrosomes and cilia. Plp mutant centrioles exhibit four major defects: (1) They are short and have subtle structural abnormalities; (2) They disengage prematurely, and so overduplicate; (3) They organise fewer cytoplasmic MTs during interphase; (4) When forming cilia, they fail to establish and/or maintain a proper connection to the plasma membrane—although, surprisingly, they can still form an axoneme-like structure that can recruit transition zone (TZ) proteins. We show that PLP helps assemble “pericentriolar clouds” of electron-dense material that emanate from the central cartwheel spokes and spread outward to surround the mother centriole. We propose that the partial loss of these structures may largely explain the complex centriole, centrosome and cilium defects we observe in Plp mutant cells. Centrioles are complex, microtubule (MT) based structures that organise two important cell organelles, the centrosome and the cilium. The centrosome is a major MT organising centre in many cell types, while the cilium functions as a cellular “antenna” responsible for regulating several cellular signalling pathways. Pericentrin is conserved centriole-binding protein that plays an important part in centrosome and cilium function, and mutations in the Pericentrin gene are linked to several human diseases. Here we use the fruit-fly Drosophila melanogaster to investigate how Pericentrin-Like-Protein (the fly homolog of Pericentrin) contributes to centriole, centrosome and cilium function. We find that Plp mutant fly centrioles have subtle structural defects, organize less microtubules, and do not properly migrate to the cell membrane to form cilia. We also observe that PLP helps assemble “pericentriolar clouds”—dense structures that emanate from the centriole, and appear to interact with microtubules, as well as connect existing centrioles to newly formed ones. In mutant flies these structures are significantly reduced in size. We propose that the defects in these PLP structures can explain most, if not all, the complex defects observed in Plp mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helio Roque
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Saroj Saurya
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Metta B. Pratt
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Errin Johnson
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jordan W. Raff
- The Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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25
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Rocha N, Payne F, Huang-Doran I, Sleigh A, Fawcett K, Adams C, Stears A, Saudek V, O’Rahilly S, Barroso I, Semple RK. The metabolic syndrome- associated small G protein ARL15 plays a role in adipocyte differentiation and adiponectin secretion. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17593. [PMID: 29242557 PMCID: PMC5730586 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Common genetic variants at the ARL15 locus are associated with plasma adiponectin, insulin and HDL cholesterol concentrations, obesity, and coronary atherosclerosis. The ARL15 gene encodes a small GTP-binding protein whose function is currently unknown. In this study adipocyte-autonomous roles for ARL15 were investigated using conditional knockdown of Arl15 in murine 3T3-L1 (pre)adipocytes. Arl15 knockdown in differentiated adipocytes impaired adiponectin secretion but not adipsin secretion or insulin action, while in preadipocytes it impaired adipogenesis. In differentiated adipocytes GFP-tagged ARL15 localized predominantly to the Golgi with lower levels detected at the plasma membrane and intracellular vesicles, suggesting involvement in intracellular trafficking. Sequencing of ARL15 in 375 severely insulin resistant patients identified four rare heterozygous variants, including an early nonsense mutation in a proband with femorogluteal lipodystrophy and non classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and an essential splice site mutation in a proband with partial lipodystrophy and a history of childhood yolk sac tumour. No nonsense or essential splice site mutations were found in 2,479 controls, while five such variants were found in the ExAC database. These findings provide evidence that ARL15 plays a role in adipocyte differentiation and adiponectin secretion, and raise the possibility that human ARL15 haploinsufficiency predisposes to lipodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Rocha
- 0000 0004 0369 9638grid.470900.aThe University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK ,grid.454369.9The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Felicity Payne
- 0000 0004 0606 5382grid.10306.34Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Isabel Huang-Doran
- 0000 0004 0369 9638grid.470900.aThe University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK ,grid.454369.9The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alison Sleigh
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK ,0000 0004 0383 8386grid.24029.3dNational Institute for Health Research/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katherine Fawcett
- 0000 0004 0606 5382grid.10306.34Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Claire Adams
- 0000 0004 0369 9638grid.470900.aThe University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK ,grid.454369.9The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna Stears
- 0000 0004 0383 8386grid.24029.3dWolfson Diabetes and Endocrine Clinic, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vladimir Saudek
- 0000 0004 0369 9638grid.470900.aThe University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK ,grid.454369.9The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen O’Rahilly
- 0000 0004 0369 9638grid.470900.aThe University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK ,grid.454369.9The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Inês Barroso
- 0000 0004 0369 9638grid.470900.aThe University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK ,0000 0004 0606 5382grid.10306.34Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Robert K. Semple
- 0000 0004 0369 9638grid.470900.aThe University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK ,grid.454369.9The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK ,0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
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26
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Duker AL, Niiler T, Bober MB. Expected weight gain for children with microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:3067-3069. [PMID: 28940990 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela L Duker
- Division of Medical Genetics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Timothy Niiler
- Gait Laboratory, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Michael B Bober
- Division of Medical Genetics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
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27
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Shawky RM, Gamal R, Mohammad SA. WITHDRAWN: Majewski Osteodysplastic Primordial Dwarfism, Type II with marked loss of subcutaneous fat, severe anemia, clenched hands and skeletal anomalies in an Egyptian patient. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW This review will provide an overview of the microcephalic primordial dwarfism (MPD) class of disorders and provide the reader comprehensive clinical review with suggested care guidelines for patients with microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism, type II (MOPDII). RECENT FINDINGS Over the last 15 years, significant strides have been made in the diagnosis, natural history, and management of MOPDII. MOPDII is the most common and well described form of MPD. The classic features of the MPD group are severe pre- and postnatal growth retardation, with marked microcephaly. In addition to these features, individuals with MOPDII have characteristic facies, skeletal dysplasia, abnormal dentition, and an increased risk for cerebrovascular disease and insulin resistance. Biallelic loss-of-function mutations in the pericentrin gene cause MOPDII, which is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Bober
- 0000 0001 2166 5843grid.265008.9Stanley Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
- 0000 0004 0458 9676grid.239281.3A. I. DuPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland-Road, Wilmington, DE 19803 USA
| | - Andrew P. Jackson
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
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29
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Kiran Z, Furqan S, Farooq S, Rashid O. Microcephalic (Majewski) Osteodysplastic Primordial Dwarfism Type Ii With Severe Hyperandrogenism. AACE Clin Case Rep 2017. [DOI: 10.4158/ep161325.cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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30
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Teo M, Johnson JN, Bell-Stephens TE, Marks MP, Do HM, Dodd RL, Bober MB, Steinberg GK. Surgical outcomes of Majewski osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism Type II with intracranial vascular anomalies. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2016; 25:717-723. [PMID: 27611897 DOI: 10.3171/2016.6.peds16243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Majewski osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism Type II (MOPD II) is a rare genetic disorder. Features of it include extremely small stature, severe microcephaly, and normal or near-normal intelligence. Previous studies have found that more than 50% of patients with MOPD II have intracranial vascular anomalies, but few successful surgical revascularization or aneurysm-clipping cases have been reported because of the diminutive arteries and narrow surgical corridors in these patients. Here, the authors report on a large series of patients with MOPD II who underwent surgery for an intracranial vascular anomaly. METHODS In conjunction with an approved prospective registry of patients with MOPD II, a prospectively collected institutional surgical database of children with MOPD II and intracranial vascular anomalies who underwent surgery was analyzed retrospectively to establish long-term outcomes. RESULTS Ten patients with MOPD II underwent surgery between 2005 and 2012; 5 patients had moyamoya disease (MMD), 2 had intracranial aneurysms, and 3 had both MMD and aneurysms. Patients presented with transient ischemic attack (TIA) (n = 2), ischemic stroke (n = 2), intraparenchymal hemorrhage from MMD (n = 1), and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (n = 1), and 4 were diagnosed on screening. The mean age of the 8 patients with MMD, all of whom underwent extracranial-intracranial revascularization (14 indirect, 1 direct) was 9 years (range 1-17 years). The mean age of the 5 patients with aneurysms was 15.5 years (range 9-18 years). Two patients experienced postoperative complications (1 transient weakness after clipping, 1 femoral thrombosis that required surgical repair). During a mean follow-up of 5.9 years (range 3-10 years), 3 patients died (1 of subarachnoid hemorrhage, 1 of myocardial infarct, and 1 of respiratory failure), and 1 patient had continued TIAs. All of the surviving patients recovered to their neurological baseline. CONCLUSIONS Patients with MMD presented at a younger age than those in whom aneurysms were more prevalent. Microneurosurgery with either intracranial bypass or aneurysm clipping is extremely challenging but feasible at expert centers in patients with MOPD II, and good long-term outcomes are possible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael P Marks
- Departments of 1 Neurosurgery and.,Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California; and
| | - Huy M Do
- Departments of 1 Neurosurgery and.,Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California; and
| | - Robert L Dodd
- Departments of 1 Neurosurgery and.,Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, California; and
| | - Michael B Bober
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
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31
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Huang-Doran I, Tomlinson P, Payne F, Gast A, Sleigh A, Bottomley W, Harris J, Daly A, Rocha N, Rudge S, Clark J, Kwok A, Romeo S, McCann E, Müksch B, Dattani M, Zucchini S, Wakelam M, Foukas LC, Savage DB, Murphy R, O'Rahilly S, Barroso I, Semple RK. Insulin resistance uncoupled from dyslipidemia due to C-terminal PIK3R1 mutations. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e88766. [PMID: 27766312 PMCID: PMC5070960 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.88766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related insulin resistance is associated with fatty liver, dyslipidemia, and low plasma adiponectin. Insulin resistance due to insulin receptor (INSR) dysfunction is associated with none of these, but when due to dysfunction of the downstream kinase AKT2 phenocopies obesity-related insulin resistance. We report 5 patients with SHORT syndrome and C-terminal mutations in PIK3R1, encoding the p85α/p55α/p50α subunits of PI3K, which act between INSR and AKT in insulin signaling. Four of 5 patients had extreme insulin resistance without dyslipidemia or hepatic steatosis. In 3 of these 4, plasma adiponectin was preserved, as in insulin receptor dysfunction. The fourth patient and her healthy mother had low plasma adiponectin associated with a potentially novel mutation, p.Asp231Ala, in adiponectin itself. Cells studied from one patient with the p.Tyr657X PIK3R1 mutation expressed abundant truncated PIK3R1 products and showed severely reduced insulin-stimulated association of mutant but not WT p85α with IRS1, but normal downstream signaling. In 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, mutant p85α overexpression attenuated insulin-induced AKT phosphorylation and adipocyte differentiation. Thus, PIK3R1 C-terminal mutations impair insulin signaling only in some cellular contexts and produce a subphenotype of insulin resistance resembling INSR dysfunction but unlike AKT2 dysfunction, implicating PI3K in the pathogenesis of key components of the metabolic syndrome. C-terminal mutations in human PIK3R1 are associated with severe insulin resistance in the absence of dyslipidemia or hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Huang-Doran
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Patsy Tomlinson
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Felicity Payne
- Metabolic Disease Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Gast
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Sleigh
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - William Bottomley
- Metabolic Disease Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Harris
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Allan Daly
- Metabolic Disease Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nuno Rocha
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Rudge
- Inositide Laboratory, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Clark
- Inositide Laboratory, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Albert Kwok
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emma McCann
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Glan Clwyd Hospital, Rhyl, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Müksch
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mehul Dattani
- Section of Genetics and Epigenetics in Health and Disease, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Zucchini
- Pediatric Endocrine Unit, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michael Wakelam
- Inositide Laboratory, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lazaros C Foukas
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David B Savage
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rinki Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Inês Barroso
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Metabolic Disease Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robert K Semple
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Dumas ME, Domange C, Calderari S, Martínez AR, Ayala R, Wilder SP, Suárez-Zamorano N, Collins SC, Wallis RH, Gu Q, Wang Y, Hue C, Otto GW, Argoud K, Navratil V, Mitchell SC, Lindon JC, Holmes E, Cazier JB, Nicholson JK, Gauguier D. Topological analysis of metabolic networks integrating co-segregating transcriptomes and metabolomes in type 2 diabetic rat congenic series. Genome Med 2016; 8:101. [PMID: 27716393 PMCID: PMC5045612 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-016-0352-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genetic regulation of metabolic phenotypes (i.e., metabotypes) in type 2 diabetes mellitus occurs through complex organ-specific cellular mechanisms and networks contributing to impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Genome-wide gene expression profiling systems can dissect the genetic contributions to metabolome and transcriptome regulations. The integrative analysis of multiple gene expression traits and metabolic phenotypes (i.e., metabotypes) together with their underlying genetic regulation remains a challenge. Here, we introduce a systems genetics approach based on the topological analysis of a combined molecular network made of genes and metabolites identified through expression and metabotype quantitative trait locus mapping (i.e., eQTL and mQTL) to prioritise biological characterisation of candidate genes and traits. Methods We used systematic metabotyping by 1H NMR spectroscopy and genome-wide gene expression in white adipose tissue to map molecular phenotypes to genomic blocks associated with obesity and insulin secretion in a series of rat congenic strains derived from spontaneously diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) and normoglycemic Brown-Norway (BN) rats. We implemented a network biology strategy approach to visualize the shortest paths between metabolites and genes significantly associated with each genomic block. Results Despite strong genomic similarities (95–99 %) among congenics, each strain exhibited specific patterns of gene expression and metabotypes, reflecting the metabolic consequences of series of linked genetic polymorphisms in the congenic intervals. We subsequently used the congenic panel to map quantitative trait loci underlying specific mQTLs and genome-wide eQTLs. Variation in key metabolites like glucose, succinate, lactate, or 3-hydroxybutyrate and second messenger precursors like inositol was associated with several independent genomic intervals, indicating functional redundancy in these regions. To navigate through the complexity of these association networks we mapped candidate genes and metabolites onto metabolic pathways and implemented a shortest path strategy to highlight potential mechanistic links between metabolites and transcripts at colocalized mQTLs and eQTLs. Minimizing the shortest path length drove prioritization of biological validations by gene silencing. Conclusions These results underline the importance of network-based integration of multilevel systems genetics datasets to improve understanding of the genetic architecture of metabotype and transcriptomic regulation and to characterize novel functional roles for genes determining tissue-specific metabolism. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13073-016-0352-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Emmanuel Dumas
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. .,Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts Champs, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne, 69100, France. .,Metabometrix Ltd, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BP, UK.
| | - Céline Domange
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts Champs, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne, 69100, France.,UMR Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Sophie Calderari
- Sorbonne Universities, University Pierre & Marie Curie, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Centre, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Andrea Rodríguez Martínez
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Rafael Ayala
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Steven P Wilder
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Nicolas Suárez-Zamorano
- Sorbonne Universities, University Pierre & Marie Curie, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Centre, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Stephan C Collins
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Robert H Wallis
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Quan Gu
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Yulan Wang
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Christophe Hue
- UMR Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Georg W Otto
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Karène Argoud
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Vincent Navratil
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts Champs, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne, 69100, France
| | | | - John C Lindon
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jean-Baptiste Cazier
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.,Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Haworth Building, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jeremy K Nicholson
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Dominique Gauguier
- Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. .,Sorbonne Universities, University Pierre & Marie Curie, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Centre, Paris, 75006, France. .,The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
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33
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Pavone P, Praticò AD, Gentile G, Falsaperla R, Iemmolo R, Guarnaccia M, Cavallaro S, Ruggieri M. A neurocutaneous phenotype with paired hypo- and hyperpigmented macules, microcephaly and stunted growth as prominent features. Eur J Med Genet 2016; 59:283-9. [PMID: 26979654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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34
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Semple RK. EJE PRIZE 2015: How does insulin resistance arise, and how does it cause disease? Human genetic lessons. Eur J Endocrinol 2016; 174:R209-23. [PMID: 26865583 DOI: 10.1530/eje-15-1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Insulin orchestrates physiological responses to ingested nutrients; however, although it elicits widely ramifying metabolic and trophic responses from diverse tissues, 'insulin resistance (IR)', a pandemic metabolic derangement commonly associated with obesity, is usually defined solely by blunting of insulin's hypoglycaemic effect. Recent study of monogenic forms of IR has established that biochemical subphenotypes of IR exist, clustering into those caused by primary disorders of adipose tissue and those caused by primary defects in proximal insulin signalling. IR is often first recognised by virtue of its associated disorders including type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia (DL), fatty liver and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Although these clinically observed associations are confirmed by cross-sectional and longitudinal population-based studies, causal relationships among these phenomena have been more difficult to establish. Single gene IR is important to recognise in order to optimise clinical management and also permits testing of causal relationships among components of the IR syndrome using the principle of Mendelian randomisation. Thus, where a precisely defined genetic defect is identified that directly produces one component of the syndrome, then phenomena that are causally linked to that component should be seen. Where this is not the case, then a simple causal link is refuted. This article summarises known forms of monogenic severe IR and considers the lessons to be learned about the pathogenic mechanisms both upstream from common IR and those downstream linking it to disorders such as DL, fatty liver, PCOS and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Semple
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research LaboratoriesWellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Level 4, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK
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35
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Cephaloskeletal dysplasia (Taybi-Linder syndrome): Case report and anesthetic considerations☆. COLOMBIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1097/01819236-201644010-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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36
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Acosta-Martínez J, Guerrero-Domínguez R, López-Herrera-Rodríguez D, García-Santigosa M, Sánchez-Carrillo F, Marenco de la Fuente ML. Cephaloskeletal dysplasia (Taybi-Linder syndrome): Case report and anesthetic considerations. COLOMBIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rcae.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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37
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Displasia cefaloesquelética (síndrome de Taybi-Linder): presentación de un caso y consideraciones anestésicas. COLOMBIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rca.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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38
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Chen JH, Segni M, Payne F, Huang-Doran I, Sleigh A, Adams C, Savage DB, O'Rahilly S, Semple RK, Barroso I. Truncation of POC1A associated with short stature and extreme insulin resistance. J Mol Endocrinol 2015; 55:147-58. [PMID: 26336158 PMCID: PMC4722288 DOI: 10.1530/jme-15-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We describe a female proband with primordial dwarfism, skeletal dysplasia, facial dysmorphism, extreme dyslipidaemic insulin resistance and fatty liver associated with a novel homozygous frameshift mutation in POC1A, predicted to affect two of the three protein products of the gene. POC1A encodes a protein associated with centrioles throughout the cell cycle and implicated in both mitotic spindle and primary ciliary function. Three homozygous mutations affecting all isoforms of POC1A have recently been implicated in a similar syndrome of primordial dwarfism, although no detailed metabolic phenotypes were described. Primary cells from the proband we describe exhibited increased centrosome amplification and multipolar spindle formation during mitosis, but showed normal DNA content, arguing against mitotic skipping, cleavage failure or cell fusion. Despite evidence of increased DNA damage in cells with supernumerary centrosomes, no aneuploidy was detected. Extensive centrosome clustering both at mitotic spindles and in primary cilia mitigated the consequences of centrosome amplification, and primary ciliary formation was normal. Although further metabolic studies of patients with POC1A mutations are warranted, we suggest that POC1A may be added to ALMS1 and PCNT as examples of centrosomal or pericentriolar proteins whose dysfunction leads to extreme dyslipidaemic insulin resistance. Further investigation of links between these molecular defects and adipose tissue dysfunction is likely to yield insights into mechanisms of adipose tissue maintenance and regeneration that are critical to metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Chen
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre Cambridge, UK Department of Pediatrics Sapienza University, Rome, Italy Metabolic Disease Group Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK National Institute for Health Research/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility Cambridge, UK The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre Cambridge, UK Department of Pediatrics Sapienza University, Rome, Italy Metabolic Disease Group Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK National Institute for Health Research/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria Segni
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre Cambridge, UK Department of Pediatrics Sapienza University, Rome, Italy Metabolic Disease Group Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK National Institute for Health Research/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility Cambridge, UK
| | - Felicity Payne
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre Cambridge, UK Department of Pediatrics Sapienza University, Rome, Italy Metabolic Disease Group Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK National Institute for Health Research/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility Cambridge, UK
| | - Isabel Huang-Doran
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre Cambridge, UK Department of Pediatrics Sapienza University, Rome, Italy Metabolic Disease Group Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK National Institute for Health Research/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility Cambridge, UK The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre Cambridge, UK Department of Pediatrics Sapienza University, Rome, Italy Metabolic Disease Group Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK National Institute for Health Research/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility Cambridge, UK
| | - Alison Sleigh
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre Cambridge, UK Department of Pediatrics Sapienza University, Rome, Italy Metabolic Disease Group Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK National Institute for Health Research/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility Cambridge, UK The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre Cambridge, UK Department of Pediatrics Sapienza University, Rome, Italy Metabolic Disease Group Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK National Institute for Health Research/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility Cambridge, UK
| | - Claire Adams
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre Cambridge, UK Department of Pediatrics Sapienza University, Rome, Italy Metabolic Disease Group Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK National Institute for Health Research/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility Cambridge, UK The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre Cambridge, UK Department of Pediatrics Sapienza University, Rome, Italy Metabolic Disease Group Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK National Institute for Health Research/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility Cambridge, UK
| | | | - David B Savage
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre Cambridge, UK Department of Pediatrics Sapienza University, Rome, Italy Metabolic Disease Group Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK National Institute for Health Research/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility Cambridge, UK The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre Cambridge, UK Department of Pediatrics Sapienza University, Rome, Italy Metabolic Disease Group Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK National Institute for Health Research/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre Cambridge, UK Department of Pediatrics Sapienza University, Rome, Italy Metabolic Disease Group Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK National Institute for Health Research/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility Cambridge, UK The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre Cambridge, UK Department of Pediatrics Sapienza University, Rome, Italy Metabolic Disease Group Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK National Institute for Health Research/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert K Semple
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre Cambridge, UK Department of Pediatrics Sapienza University, Rome, Italy Metabolic Disease Group Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK National Institute for Health Research/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility Cambridge, UK The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre Cambridge, UK Department of Pediatrics Sapienza University, Rome, Italy Metabolic Disease Group Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK National Institute for Health Research/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility Cambridge, UK
| | - Inês Barroso
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre Cambridge, UK Department of Pediatrics Sapienza University, Rome, Italy Metabolic Disease Group Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK National Institute for Health Research/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility Cambridge, UK The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre Cambridge, UK Department of Pediatrics Sapienza University, Rome, Italy Metabolic Disease Group Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK National Institute for Health Research/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility Cambridge, UK The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre Cambridge, UK Department of Pediatrics Sapienza University, Rome, Italy Metabolic Disease Group Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK National Institute for Health Research/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility Cambridge, UK
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Barraza-García J, Iván Rivera-Pedroza C, Salamanca L, Belinchón A, López-González V, Sentchordi-Montané L, del Pozo Á, Santos-Simarro F, Campos-Barros Á, Lapunzina P, Guillén-Navarro E, González-Casado I, García-Miñaur S, Heath KE. Two novelPOC1Amutations in the primordial dwarfism, SOFT syndrome: Clinical homogeneity but also unreported malformations. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 170A:210-6. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Barraza-García
- Institute of Medical & Molecular Genetics (INGEMM); Hospital Universitario La Paz; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; IdiPAZ Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Instituto Carlos III; Madrid Spain
- Multidisciplinary Skeletal Dysplasia Unit (UMDE); Hospital Universitario La Paz; Madrid Spain
| | - Carlos Iván Rivera-Pedroza
- Institute of Medical & Molecular Genetics (INGEMM); Hospital Universitario La Paz; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; IdiPAZ Madrid Spain
- Multidisciplinary Skeletal Dysplasia Unit (UMDE); Hospital Universitario La Paz; Madrid Spain
| | - Luis Salamanca
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology; Hospital Universitario La Paz; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Spain
| | - Alberta Belinchón
- Institute of Medical & Molecular Genetics (INGEMM); Hospital Universitario La Paz; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; IdiPAZ Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Instituto Carlos III; Madrid Spain
- Multidisciplinary Skeletal Dysplasia Unit (UMDE); Hospital Universitario La Paz; Madrid Spain
| | - Vanesa López-González
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Instituto Carlos III; Madrid Spain
- Department of Pediatrics; Medical Genetics Section; Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca; IMIB-Arrixaca; Murcia Spain
| | - Lucía Sentchordi-Montané
- Institute of Medical & Molecular Genetics (INGEMM); Hospital Universitario La Paz; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; IdiPAZ Madrid Spain
- Multidisciplinary Skeletal Dysplasia Unit (UMDE); Hospital Universitario La Paz; Madrid Spain
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology; Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor; Madrid Spain
| | - Ángela del Pozo
- Institute of Medical & Molecular Genetics (INGEMM); Hospital Universitario La Paz; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; IdiPAZ Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Instituto Carlos III; Madrid Spain
| | - Fernando Santos-Simarro
- Institute of Medical & Molecular Genetics (INGEMM); Hospital Universitario La Paz; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; IdiPAZ Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Instituto Carlos III; Madrid Spain
- Multidisciplinary Skeletal Dysplasia Unit (UMDE); Hospital Universitario La Paz; Madrid Spain
| | - Ángel Campos-Barros
- Institute of Medical & Molecular Genetics (INGEMM); Hospital Universitario La Paz; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; IdiPAZ Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Instituto Carlos III; Madrid Spain
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- Institute of Medical & Molecular Genetics (INGEMM); Hospital Universitario La Paz; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; IdiPAZ Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Instituto Carlos III; Madrid Spain
- Multidisciplinary Skeletal Dysplasia Unit (UMDE); Hospital Universitario La Paz; Madrid Spain
| | - Encarna Guillén-Navarro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Instituto Carlos III; Madrid Spain
- Department of Pediatrics; Medical Genetics Section; Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca; IMIB-Arrixaca; Murcia Spain
- Cátedra de Genética Médica; UCAM-Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia; Spain
| | - Isabel González-Casado
- Multidisciplinary Skeletal Dysplasia Unit (UMDE); Hospital Universitario La Paz; Madrid Spain
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology; Hospital Universitario La Paz; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Spain
| | - Sixto García-Miñaur
- Institute of Medical & Molecular Genetics (INGEMM); Hospital Universitario La Paz; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; IdiPAZ Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Instituto Carlos III; Madrid Spain
- Multidisciplinary Skeletal Dysplasia Unit (UMDE); Hospital Universitario La Paz; Madrid Spain
| | - Karen E. Heath
- Institute of Medical & Molecular Genetics (INGEMM); Hospital Universitario La Paz; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; IdiPAZ Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER); Instituto Carlos III; Madrid Spain
- Multidisciplinary Skeletal Dysplasia Unit (UMDE); Hospital Universitario La Paz; Madrid Spain
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de Bruin C, Mericq V, Andrew SF, van Duyvenvoorde HA, Verkaik NS, Losekoot M, Porollo A, Garcia H, Kuang Y, Hanson D, Clayton P, van Gent DC, Wit JM, Hwa V, Dauber A. An XRCC4 splice mutation associated with severe short stature, gonadal failure, and early-onset metabolic syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:E789-98. [PMID: 25742519 PMCID: PMC4422886 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-1098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Severe short stature can be caused by defects in numerous biological processes including defects in IGF-1 signaling, centromere function, cell cycle control, and DNA damage repair. Many syndromic causes of short stature are associated with medical comorbidities including hypogonadism and microcephaly. OBJECTIVE To identify an underlying genetic etiology in two siblings with severe short stature and gonadal failure. DESIGN Clinical phenotyping, genetic analysis, complemented by in vitro functional studies of the candidate gene. SETTING An academic pediatric endocrinology clinic. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Two adult siblings (male patient [P1] and female patient 2 [P2]) presented with a history of severe postnatal growth failure (adult heights: P1, -6.8 SD score; P2, -4 SD score), microcephaly, primary gonadal failure, and early-onset metabolic syndrome in late adolescence. In addition, P2 developed a malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor at age 28. INTERVENTION(S) Single nucleotide polymorphism microarray and exome sequencing. RESULTS Combined microarray analysis and whole exome sequencing of the two affected siblings and one unaffected sister identified a homozygous variant in XRCC4 as the probable candidate variant. Sanger sequencing and mRNA studies revealed a splice variant resulting in an in-frame deletion of 23 amino acids. Primary fibroblasts (P1) showed a DNA damage repair defect. CONCLUSIONS In this study we have identified a novel pathogenic variant in XRCC4, a gene that plays a critical role in non-homologous end-joining DNA repair. This finding expands the spectrum of DNA damage repair syndromes to include XRCC4 deficiency causing severe postnatal growth failure, microcephaly, gonadal failure, metabolic syndrome, and possibly tumor predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan de Bruin
- Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders (C.d.B., S.F.A., V.H., A.D.), Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229; Institute of Maternal and Child Research (V.M.), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, 226-3 Santiago, Chile; Laboratory for Diagnostic Genome Analysis (H.A.v.D., M.L.), Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Genetics (N.S.V., D.C.v.G.), Erasmus MC, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (A.P.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229; Pediatrics Division (H.G.), Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Santiago, 340 Santiago, Chile; Division of Developmental Biology (Y.K.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229; Institute of Human Development (D.H., P.C.), University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; and Department of Pediatrics (J.M.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the recent advances in the clinical and molecular characterization of primordial dwarfism, an extreme growth deficiency disorder that has its onset during embryonic development and persists throughout life. RECENT FINDINGS The last decade has witnessed an unprecedented acceleration in the discovery of genes mutated in primordial dwarfism, from one gene to more than a dozen genes. These genetic discoveries have confirmed the notion that primordial dwarfism is caused by defects in basic cellular processes, most notably centriolar biology and DNA damage response. Fortunately, the increasing number of reported clinical primordial dwarfism subtypes has been accompanied by more accurate molecular classification. SUMMARY Qualitative defects of centrioles with resulting abnormal mitosis dynamics, reduced proliferation, and increased apoptosis represent the predominant molecular pathogenic mechanism in primordial dwarfism. Impaired DNA damage response is another important mechanism, which we now know is not mutually exclusive to abnormal centrioles. Molecular characterization of primordial dwarfism is helping families by enabling more reproductive choices and may pave the way for the future development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fowzan S Alkuraya
- aDepartment of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center bDepartment of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfasial University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Payne F, Colnaghi R, Rocha N, Seth A, Harris J, Carpenter G, Bottomley WE, Wheeler E, Wong S, Saudek V, Savage D, O’Rahilly S, Carel JC, Barroso I, O’Driscoll M, Semple R. Hypomorphism in human NSMCE2 linked to primordial dwarfism and insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:4028-38. [PMID: 25105364 PMCID: PMC4151221 DOI: 10.1172/jci73264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complexes are essential for maintaining chromatin structure and regulating gene expression. Two the three known SMC complexes, cohesin and condensin, are important for sister chromatid cohesion and condensation, respectively; however, the function of the third complex, SMC5-6, which includes the E3 SUMO-ligase NSMCE2 (also widely known as MMS21) is less clear. Here, we characterized 2 patients with primordial dwarfism, extreme insulin resistance, and gonadal failure and identified compound heterozygous frameshift mutations in NSMCE2. Both mutations reduced NSMCE2 expression in patient cells. Primary cells from one patient showed increased micronucleus and nucleoplasmic bridge formation, delayed recovery of DNA synthesis, and reduced formation of foci containing Bloom syndrome helicase (BLM) after hydroxyurea-induced replication fork stalling. These nuclear abnormalities in patient dermal fibroblast were restored by expression of WT NSMCE2, but not a mutant form lacking SUMO-ligase activity. Furthermore, in zebrafish, knockdown of the NSMCE2 ortholog produced dwarfism, which was ameliorated by reexpression of WT, but not SUMO-ligase-deficient NSMCE. Collectively, these findings support a role for NSMCE2 in recovery from DNA damage and raise the possibility that loss of its function produces dwarfism through reduced tolerance of replicative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity Payne
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom. The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust–MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom. The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Glan Clwyd Hospital, North Wales, United Kingdom. University Paris Diderot, Paris, France. Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Robert Debré, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, and Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Paris, France. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité CIE-5, Paris, France
| | - Rita Colnaghi
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom. The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust–MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom. The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Glan Clwyd Hospital, North Wales, United Kingdom. University Paris Diderot, Paris, France. Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Robert Debré, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, and Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Paris, France. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité CIE-5, Paris, France
| | - Nuno Rocha
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom. The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust–MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom. The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Glan Clwyd Hospital, North Wales, United Kingdom. University Paris Diderot, Paris, France. Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Robert Debré, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, and Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Paris, France. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité CIE-5, Paris, France
| | - Asha Seth
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom. The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust–MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom. The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Glan Clwyd Hospital, North Wales, United Kingdom. University Paris Diderot, Paris, France. Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Robert Debré, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, and Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Paris, France. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité CIE-5, Paris, France
| | - Julie Harris
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom. The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust–MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom. The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Glan Clwyd Hospital, North Wales, United Kingdom. University Paris Diderot, Paris, France. Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Robert Debré, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, and Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Paris, France. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité CIE-5, Paris, France
| | - Gillian Carpenter
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom. The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust–MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom. The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Glan Clwyd Hospital, North Wales, United Kingdom. University Paris Diderot, Paris, France. Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Robert Debré, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, and Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Paris, France. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité CIE-5, Paris, France
| | - William E. Bottomley
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom. The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust–MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom. The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Glan Clwyd Hospital, North Wales, United Kingdom. University Paris Diderot, Paris, France. Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Robert Debré, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, and Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Paris, France. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité CIE-5, Paris, France
| | - Eleanor Wheeler
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom. The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust–MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom. The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Glan Clwyd Hospital, North Wales, United Kingdom. University Paris Diderot, Paris, France. Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Robert Debré, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, and Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Paris, France. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité CIE-5, Paris, France
| | - Stephen Wong
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom. The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust–MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom. The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Glan Clwyd Hospital, North Wales, United Kingdom. University Paris Diderot, Paris, France. Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Robert Debré, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, and Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Paris, France. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité CIE-5, Paris, France
| | - Vladimir Saudek
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom. The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust–MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom. The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Glan Clwyd Hospital, North Wales, United Kingdom. University Paris Diderot, Paris, France. Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Robert Debré, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, and Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Paris, France. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité CIE-5, Paris, France
| | - David Savage
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom. The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust–MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom. The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Glan Clwyd Hospital, North Wales, United Kingdom. University Paris Diderot, Paris, France. Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Robert Debré, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, and Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Paris, France. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité CIE-5, Paris, France
| | - Stephen O’Rahilly
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom. The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust–MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom. The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Glan Clwyd Hospital, North Wales, United Kingdom. University Paris Diderot, Paris, France. Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Robert Debré, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, and Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Paris, France. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité CIE-5, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Claude Carel
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom. The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust–MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom. The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Glan Clwyd Hospital, North Wales, United Kingdom. University Paris Diderot, Paris, France. Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Robert Debré, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, and Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Paris, France. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité CIE-5, Paris, France
| | - Inês Barroso
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom. The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust–MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom. The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Glan Clwyd Hospital, North Wales, United Kingdom. University Paris Diderot, Paris, France. Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Robert Debré, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, and Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Paris, France. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité CIE-5, Paris, France
| | - Mark O’Driscoll
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom. The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust–MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom. The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Glan Clwyd Hospital, North Wales, United Kingdom. University Paris Diderot, Paris, France. Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Robert Debré, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, and Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Paris, France. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité CIE-5, Paris, France
| | - Robert Semple
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom. The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust–MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom. The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Glan Clwyd Hospital, North Wales, United Kingdom. University Paris Diderot, Paris, France. Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Robert Debré, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, and Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance, Paris, France. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité CIE-5, Paris, France
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diIorio P, Rittenhouse AR, Bortell R, Jurczyk A. Role of cilia in normal pancreas function and in diseased states. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 102:126-38. [PMID: 24861006 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Primary cilia play an essential role in modulating signaling cascades that shape cellular responses to environmental cues to maintain proper tissue development. Mutations in primary cilium proteins have been linked to several rare developmental disorders, collectively known as ciliopathies. Together with other disorders associated with dysfunctional cilia/centrosomes, affected individuals have increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome, neurologic disorders, and diabetes. In pancreatic tissues, cilia are found exclusively in islet and ductal cells where they play an essential role in pancreatic tissue organization. Their absence or disorganization leads to pancreatic duct abnormalities, acinar cell loss, polarity defects, and dysregulated insulin secretion. Cilia in pancreatic tissues are hubs for cellular signaling. Many signaling components, such as Hh, Notch, and Wnt, localize to pancreatic primary cilia and are necessary for proper development of pancreatic epithelium and β-cell morphogenesis. Receptors for neuroendocrine hormones, such as Somatostatin Receptor 3, also localize to the cilium and may play a more direct role in controlling insulin secretion due to somatostatin's inhibitory function. Finally, unique calcium signaling, which is at the heart of β-cell function, also occurs in primary cilia. Whereas voltage-gated calcium channels trigger insulin secretion and serve a variety of homeostatic functions in β-cells, transient receptor potential channels regulate calcium levels within the cilium that may serve as a feedback mechanism, regulating insulin secretion. This review article summarizes our current understanding of the role of primary cilia in normal pancreas function and in the diseased state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip diIorio
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
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Parker VER, Semple RK. Genetics in endocrinology: genetic forms of severe insulin resistance: what endocrinologists should know. Eur J Endocrinol 2013; 169:R71-80. [PMID: 23857978 PMCID: PMC4359904 DOI: 10.1530/eje-13-0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
'Insulin resistance' (IR) is a widely used clinical term. It is usually defined as a state characterised by reduced glucose-lowering activity of insulin, but it is also sometimes used as a shorthand label for a clinical syndrome encompassing major pathologies such as type 2 diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis. Nevertheless, the precise cellular origins of IR, the causal links among these phenomena and the mechanisms underlying them remain poorly understood or contentious. Prevalent IR usually results from a genetic predisposition interacting with acquired obesity; however, even in some lean individuals, very severe degrees of IR can be observed. It is important to identify these people as they often harbour identifiable single-gene defects and they may benefit from molecular diagnosis, genetic counselling and sometimes tailored therapies. Observation of people with known single-gene defects also offers the opportunity to make inferences about the mechanistic links between IR and common pathologies. Herein, we summarise the currently known monogenic forms of severe IR, with an emphasis on the practical aspects of their recognition, diagnosis and management. In particular, we draw distinctions among the biochemical subphenotypes of IR that arise from primary adipose tissue dysfunction or from primary insulin signalling defects and discuss the implications of this dichotomy for management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E. R. Parker
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert K. Semple
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
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Faienza MF, Acquafredda A, D'Aniello M, Soldano L, Marzano F, Ventura A, Cavallo L. Effect of recombinant insulin-like growth factor-1 treatment on short-term linear growth in a child with Majewski osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II and hepatic insufficiency. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2013; 26:771-4. [PMID: 23612698 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2012-0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a boy affected by severe intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, microcephaly, facial dysmorphisms and postnecrotic cirrhosis, diagnosed at birth as having Seckel syndrome, and subsequently confirmed as Majewski osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPD II) on the basis of clinical and radiological features of skeletal dysplasia. At our observation (6 years 7 months) he presented height -10.3 standard deviation score (SDS), weight -22.1 SDS, head circumference -8 SDS, delayed bone age of 4 years with respect to chronological age. In consideration of the low levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) as well as of hepatic insufficiency, we started the treatment with recombinant human IGF-1 (rhIGF-1) at the dose of 0.04 mg/kg in 2 doses/day, with an increase of 0.04 mg/kg after 1 week until the maximum dose of 0.12 mg/kg. We observed an early response to rhIGF-1 treatment, with a shift of height velocity from 1.8 cm/year (-4.6 SDS) at 4 cm/year (-1.9 SDS), and an increase in bone age of 1.5 years during the first 6 months. rhIGF-1 treatment does not seem to be able to replace the physiological action of IGF-1 in patients with MOPD II and hepatic insufficiency, however, it seems to preserve the typical growth pattern of MOPD II patients, avoiding a further widening of the growth deficiency in these subjects.
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Abstract
Within the last decade, multiple novel congenital human disorders have been described with genetic defects in known and/or novel components of several well-known DNA repair and damage response pathways. Examples include disorders of impaired nucleotide excision repair, DNA double-strand and single-strand break repair, as well as compromised DNA damage-induced signal transduction including phosphorylation and ubiquitination. These conditions further reinforce the importance of multiple genome stability pathways for health and development in humans. Furthermore, these conditions inform our knowledge of the biology of the mechanics of genome stability and in some cases provide potential routes to help exploit these pathways therapeutically. Here, I will review a selection of these exciting findings from the perspective of the disorders themselves, describing how they were identified, how genotype informs phenotype, and how these defects contribute to our growing understanding of genome stability pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark O'Driscoll
- Human DNA Damage Response Disorders Group Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9RQ, United Kingdom
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McIntyre RE, Lakshminarasimhan Chavali P, Ismail O, Carragher DM, Sanchez-Andrade G, Forment JV, Fu B, Del Castillo Velasco-Herrera M, Edwards A, van der Weyden L, Yang F, Ramirez-Solis R, Estabel J, Gallagher FA, Logan DW, Arends MJ, Tsang SH, Mahajan VB, Scudamore CL, White JK, Jackson SP, Gergely F, Adams DJ. Disruption of mouse Cenpj, a regulator of centriole biogenesis, phenocopies Seckel syndrome. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1003022. [PMID: 23166506 PMCID: PMC3499256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the centromere protein J gene, CENPJ (CPAP, MCPH6, SCKL4), which is a highly conserved and ubiquitiously expressed centrosomal protein, has been associated with primary microcephaly and the microcephalic primordial dwarfism disorder Seckel syndrome. The mechanism by which disruption of CENPJ causes the proportionate, primordial growth failure that is characteristic of Seckel syndrome is unknown. By generating a hypomorphic allele of Cenpj, we have developed a mouse (Cenpj(tm/tm)) that recapitulates many of the clinical features of Seckel syndrome, including intrauterine dwarfism, microcephaly with memory impairment, ossification defects, and ocular and skeletal abnormalities, thus providing clear confirmation that specific mutations of CENPJ can cause Seckel syndrome. Immunohistochemistry revealed increased levels of DNA damage and apoptosis throughout Cenpj(tm/tm) embryos and adult mice showed an elevated frequency of micronucleus induction, suggesting that Cenpj-deficiency results in genomic instability. Notably, however, genomic instability was not the result of defective ATR-dependent DNA damage signaling, as is the case for the majority of genes associated with Seckel syndrome. Instead, Cenpj(tm/tm) embryonic fibroblasts exhibited irregular centriole and centrosome numbers and mono- and multipolar spindles, and many were near-tetraploid with numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities when compared to passage-matched wild-type cells. Increased cell death due to mitotic failure during embryonic development is likely to contribute to the proportionate dwarfism that is associated with CENPJ-Seckel syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E. McIntyre
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Pavithra Lakshminarasimhan Chavali
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre and Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ozama Ismail
- Mouse Genetics Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Damian M. Carragher
- Mouse Genetics Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Josep V. Forment
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Beiyuan Fu
- Molecular Cytogenetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew Edwards
- Wellcome Trust Center for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Louise van der Weyden
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Fengtang Yang
- Molecular Cytogenetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ramiro Ramirez-Solis
- Mouse Genetics Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Jeanne Estabel
- Mouse Genetics Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Ferdia A. Gallagher
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Darren W. Logan
- Genetics of Instinctive Behaviour, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J. Arends
- Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen H. Tsang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Vinit B. Mahajan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Cheryl L. Scudamore
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline K. White
- Mouse Genetics Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P. Jackson
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fanni Gergely
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre and Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
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Dauber A, Lafranchi SH, Maliga Z, Lui JC, Moon JE, McDeed C, Henke K, Zonana J, Kingman GA, Pers TH, Baron J, Rosenfeld RG, Hirschhorn JN, Harris MP, Hwa V. Novel microcephalic primordial dwarfism disorder associated with variants in the centrosomal protein ninein. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:E2140-51. [PMID: 22933543 PMCID: PMC3485598 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-2150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Microcephalic primordial dwarfism (MPD) is a rare, severe form of human growth failure in which growth restriction is evident in utero and continues into postnatal life. Single causative gene defects have been identified in a number of patients with MPD, and all involve genes fundamental to cellular processes including centrosome functions. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to find the genetic etiology of a novel presentation of MPD. DESIGN The design of the study was whole-exome sequencing performed on two affected sisters in a single family. Molecular and functional studies of a candidate gene were performed using patient-derived primary fibroblasts and a zebrafish morpholino oligonucleotides knockdown model. PATIENTS Two sisters presented with a novel subtype of MPD, including severe intellectual disabilities. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES NIN, encoding Ninein, a centrosomal protein critically involved in asymmetric cell division, was identified as a candidate gene, and functional impacts in fibroblasts and zebrafish were studied. RESULTS From 34,606 genomic variants, two very rare missense variants in NIN were identified. Both probands were compound heterozygotes. In the zebrafish, ninein knockdown led to specific and novel defects in the specification and morphogenesis of the anterior neuroectoderm, resulting in a deformity of the developing cranium with a small, squared skull highly reminiscent of the human phenotype. CONCLUSION We identified a novel clinical subtype of MPD in two sisters who have rare variants in NIN. We show, for the first time, that reduction of ninein function in the developing zebrafish leads to specific deficiencies of brain and skull development, offering a developmental basis for the myriad phenotypes in our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Dauber
- Children's Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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A pericentrin-related protein homolog in Aspergillus nidulans plays important roles in nucleus positioning and cell polarity by affecting microtubule organization. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2012; 11:1520-30. [PMID: 23087372 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00203-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pericentrin is a large coiled-coil protein in mammalian centrosomes that serves as a multifunctional scaffold for anchoring numerous proteins. Recent studies have linked numerous human disorders with mutated or elevated levels of pericentrin, suggesting unrecognized contributions of pericentrin-related proteins to the development of these disorders. In this study, we characterized AnPcpA, a putative homolog of pericentrin-related protein in the model filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans, and found that it is essential for conidial germination and hyphal development. Compared to the hyphal apex localization pattern of calmodulin (CaM), which has been identified as an interactive partner of the pericentrin homolog, GFP-AnPcpA fluorescence dots are associated mainly with nuclei, while the accumulation of CaM at the hyphal apex depends on the function of AnPcpA. In addition, the depletion of AnPcpA by an inducible alcA promoter repression results in severe growth defects and abnormal nuclear segregation. Most interestingly, in mature hyphal cells, knockdown of pericentrin was able to significantly induce changes in cell shape and cytoskeletal remodeling; it resulted in some enlarged compartments with condensed nuclei and anucleate small compartments as well. Moreover, defects in AnPcpA significantly disrupted the microtubule organization and nucleation, suggesting that AnPcpA may affect nucleus positioning by influencing microtubule organization.
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