1
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Dakroub A, Dbouk A, Asfour A, Nasser SA, El-Yazbi AF, Sahebkar A, Eid AA, Iratni R, Eid AH. C-peptide in diabetes: A player in a dual hormone disorder? J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31212. [PMID: 38308646 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
C-peptide, a byproduct of insulin synthesis believed to be biologically inert, is emerging as a multifunctional molecule. C-peptide serves an anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic role in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and early T2DM. C-peptide protects endothelial cells by activating AMP-activated protein kinase α, thus suppressing the activity of NAD(P)H oxidase activity and reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. It also prevents apoptosis by regulating hyperglycemia-induced p53 upregulation and mitochondrial adaptor p66shc overactivation, as well as reducing caspase-3 activity and promoting expression of B-cell lymphoma-2. Additionally, C-peptide suppresses platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-beta receptor and p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphorylation to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) proliferation. It also diminishes leukocyte adhesion by virtue of its capacity to abolish nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling, a major pro-inflammatory cascade. Consequently, it is envisaged that supplementation of C-peptide in T1DM might ameliorate or even prevent end-organ damage. In marked contrast, C-peptide increases monocyte recruitment and migration through phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI-3 kinase)-mediated pathways, induces lipid accumulation via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ upregulation, and stimulates VSMC proliferation and CD4+ lymphocyte migration through Src-kinase and PI-3K dependent pathways. Thus, it promotes atherosclerosis and microvascular damage in late T2DM. Indeed, C-peptide is now contemplated as a potential biomarker for insulin resistance in T2DM and linked to increased coronary artery disease risk. This shift in the understanding of the pathophysiology of diabetes from being a single hormone deficiency to a dual hormone disorder warrants a careful consideration of the role of C-peptide as a unique molecule with promising diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Dakroub
- St. Francis Hospital and Heart Center, Roslyn, New York, USA
| | - Ali Dbouk
- Department of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University Medical School, Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Aref Asfour
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Alamein International University (AIU), Alamein City, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Assaad A Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rabah Iratni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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2
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Ha KS. Transglutaminase 2 in diabetes mellitus: Unraveling its multifaceted role and therapeutic implications for vascular complications. Theranostics 2024; 14:2329-2344. [PMID: 38646650 PMCID: PMC11024853 DOI: 10.7150/thno.95742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, a severe metabolic disease characterized by chronic hypoglycemia, poses debilitating and life-threatening risks of microvascular and macrovascular complications, including blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, and limb amputation. Addressing these complications is paramount, urging the development of interventions targeting diabetes-associated vascular dysfunctions. To effectively combat diabetes, a comprehensive understanding of the pathological mechanisms underlying complications and identification of precise therapeutic targets are imperative. Transglutaminase 2 (TGase2) is a multifunctional enzyme implicated in the pathogenesis of diverse diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, fibrosis, and inflammatory conditions. TGase2 has recently emerged as a key player in both the pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention of diabetic complications. This review highlights TGase2 as a therapeutic target for diabetic complications and explores TGase2 inhibition as a promising therapeutic approach in their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, Korea
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3
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Kim EB, Jeon HY, Ouh YT, Lee AJ, Moon CH, Na SH, Ha KS. Proinsulin C-peptide inhibits high glucose-induced migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116232. [PMID: 38310652 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Proinsulin C-peptide, a biologically active polypeptide released from pancreatic β-cells, is known to prevent hyperglycemia-induced microvascular leakage; however, the role of C-peptide in migration and invasion of cancer cells is unknown. Here, we investigated high glucose-induced migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells and the inhibitory effects of human C-peptide on metastatic cellular responses. In SKOV3 human ovarian cancer cells, high glucose conditions activated a vicious cycle of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and transglutaminase 2 (TGase2) activation through elevation of intracellular Ca2+ levels. TGase2 played a critical role in high glucose-induced ovarian cancer cell migration and invasion through β-catenin disassembly. Human C-peptide inhibited high glucose-induced disassembly of adherens junctions and ovarian cancer cell migration and invasion through inhibition of ROS generation and TGase2 activation. The preventive effect of C-peptide on high glucose-induced ovarian cancer cell migration and invasion was further demonstrated in ID8 murine ovarian cancer cells. Our findings suggest that high glucose conditions induce the migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells, and human C-peptide inhibits these metastatic responses by preventing ROS generation, TGase2 activation, and subsequent disassembly of adherens junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Bin Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, South Korea
| | - Hye-Yoon Jeon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, South Korea; Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Campus, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, South Korea
| | - Yung-Taek Ouh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, South Korea; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15355, Korea
| | - Ah-Jun Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, South Korea
| | - Chan-Hee Moon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, South Korea
| | - Sung Hun Na
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, South Korea
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, South Korea.
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4
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Lin M, Huang Y, Orihara K, Chibana H, Kajiwara S, Chen X. A Putative NADPH Oxidase Gene in Unicellular Pathogenic Candida glabrata Is Required for Fungal ROS Production and Oxidative Stress Response. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 10:16. [PMID: 38248926 PMCID: PMC10817436 DOI: 10.3390/jof10010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Most previous studies on fungal NADPH oxidases (Nox) focused on multicellular fungi and highlighted the important roles of Nox-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cellular differentiation and signaling communication. However, there are few reports about Nox in unicellular fungi. A novel NOX ortholog, CAGL0K05863g (named CgNOX1), in Candida glabrata was investigated in this study. Deletion of CgNOX1 led to a decrease in both intracellular and extracellular ROS production. In addition, the Cgnox1∆ mutant exhibited hypersensitivity to hydrogen peroxide and menadione. Also, the wild-type strain showed higher levels of both CgNOX1 mRNA expression and ROS production under oxidative stress. Moreover, the absence of CgNOX1 resulted in impaired ferric reductase activity. Although there was no effect on in vitro biofilm formation, the CgNOX1 mutant did not produce hepatic apoptosis, which might be mediated by fungal Nox-derived ROS during co-incubation. Together, these results indicated that the novel NOX gene plays important roles in unicellular pathogenic C. glabrata and its interaction with host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoyi Lin
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan; (M.L.); (Y.H.); (K.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Yao Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan; (M.L.); (Y.H.); (K.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Kanami Orihara
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan; (M.L.); (Y.H.); (K.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Hiroji Chibana
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan;
| | - Susumu Kajiwara
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan; (M.L.); (Y.H.); (K.O.); (S.K.)
| | - Xinyue Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan; (M.L.); (Y.H.); (K.O.); (S.K.)
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5
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Toprak K, Kaplangoray M, Memioğlu T, İnanır M, Omar B, Ermiş MF, Toprak İH, Acar O, Taşcanov MB, Altıparmak İH, Biçer A, Demirbağ R. The HbA1c/C-Peptide Ratio is Associated With the No-Reflow Phenomenon in Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Angiology 2023:33197231213166. [PMID: 37920902 DOI: 10.1177/00033197231213166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the gold standard treatment for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI), but even after successful pPCI, a perfusion disorder in the epicardial coronary arteries, termed no-reflow phenomenon (NR), can develop, resulting in short- and long-term adverse events. The present study assessed the relationship between NR and HbA1c/C-peptide ratio (HCR) in 1834 consecutive patients who underwent pPCI due to STEMI. Participants were divided into two groups according to NR status and the demographic, clinical and periprocedural characteristics of the groups were compared. NR developed in 352 (19.1%) of the patients in the study. While C-peptide levels were significantly lower in the NR group, HbA1c and HCR were significantly higher (P < .001, for all). In multivariable analysis, C-peptide, HbA1c, and HCR, were determined as independent predictors for NR (P < .05, for all). In Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis, HCR predicted the NR with 80% specificity and 77% sensitivity. In STEMI patients, combining HbA1c and C-peptide in a single fraction has a predictive value for NR independent of diabetes. This ratio may contribute to risk stratification of STEMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Toprak
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kaplangoray
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical, Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Tolga Memioğlu
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Mehmet İnanır
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Bahadır Omar
- Department of Cardiology, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Fatih Ermiş
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Halil Toprak
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Osman Acar
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | | | | | - Asuman Biçer
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Recep Demirbağ
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
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6
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Szwed-Georgiou A, Płociński P, Kupikowska-Stobba B, Urbaniak MM, Rusek-Wala P, Szustakiewicz K, Piszko P, Krupa A, Biernat M, Gazińska M, Kasprzak M, Nawrotek K, Mira NP, Rudnicka K. Bioactive Materials for Bone Regeneration: Biomolecules and Delivery Systems. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5222-5254. [PMID: 37585562 PMCID: PMC10498424 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Novel tissue regeneration strategies are constantly being developed worldwide. Research on bone regeneration is noteworthy, as many promising new approaches have been documented with novel strategies currently under investigation. Innovative biomaterials that allow the coordinated and well-controlled repair of bone fractures and bone loss are being designed to reduce the need for autologous or allogeneic bone grafts eventually. The current engineering technologies permit the construction of synthetic, complex, biomimetic biomaterials with properties nearly as good as those of natural bone with good biocompatibility. To ensure that all these requirements meet, bioactive molecules are coupled to structural scaffolding constituents to form a final product with the desired physical, chemical, and biological properties. Bioactive molecules that have been used to promote bone regeneration include protein growth factors, peptides, amino acids, hormones, lipids, and flavonoids. Various strategies have been adapted to investigate the coupling of bioactive molecules with scaffolding materials to sustain activity and allow controlled release. The current manuscript is a thorough survey of the strategies that have been exploited for the delivery of biomolecules for bone regeneration purposes, from choosing the bioactive molecule to selecting the optimal strategy to synthesize the scaffold and assessing the advantages and disadvantages of various delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Szwed-Georgiou
- Department
of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental
Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Poland
| | - Przemysław Płociński
- Department
of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental
Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Poland
| | - Barbara Kupikowska-Stobba
- Biomaterials
Research Group, Lukasiewicz Research Network
- Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Krakow 31-983, Poland
| | - Mateusz M. Urbaniak
- Department
of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental
Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Poland
- The
Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School, University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes
of the Polish Academy of Sciences, University
of Lodz, Lodz 90-237, Poland
| | - Paulina Rusek-Wala
- Department
of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental
Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Poland
- The
Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School, University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes
of the Polish Academy of Sciences, University
of Lodz, Lodz 90-237, Poland
| | - Konrad Szustakiewicz
- Department
of Polymer Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
| | - Paweł Piszko
- Department
of Polymer Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Krupa
- Department
of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental
Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Poland
| | - Monika Biernat
- Biomaterials
Research Group, Lukasiewicz Research Network
- Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Krakow 31-983, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Gazińska
- Department
of Polymer Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
| | - Mirosław Kasprzak
- Biomaterials
Research Group, Lukasiewicz Research Network
- Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Krakow 31-983, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Nawrotek
- Faculty
of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz 90-924, Poland
| | - Nuno Pereira Mira
- iBB-Institute
for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de
Lisboa, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior
Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
- Instituto
Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Karolina Rudnicka
- Department
of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental
Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Poland
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7
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Chen J, Huang Y, Liu C, Chi J, Wang Y, Xu L. The role of C-peptide in diabetes and its complications: an updated review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1256093. [PMID: 37745697 PMCID: PMC10512826 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1256093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, diabetes and its complications have seriously affected people's quality of life and become a serious public health problem. C-peptide is not only an indicator of pancreatic β-cell function, but also a biologically active peptide that can bind to cell membrane surface signaling molecules and activate downstream signaling pathways to play antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and inflammatory roles, or regulate cellular transcription through internalization. It is complex how C-peptide is related to diabetic complications. Both deficiencies and overproduction can lead to complications, but their mechanisms of action may be different. C-peptide replacement therapy has shown beneficial effects on diabetic complications in animal models when C-peptide is deficient, but results from clinical trials have been unsatisfactory. The complex pattern of the relationship between C-peptide and diabetic chronic complications has not yet been fully understood. Future basic and clinical studies of C-peptide replacement therapies will need to focus on baseline levels of C-peptide in addition to more attention also needs to be paid to post-treatment C-peptide levels to explore the optimal range of fasting C-peptide and postprandial C-peptide maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Jahromi MK, Ahmadirad H, Jamshidi S, Farhadnejad H, Mokhtari E, Shahrokhtabar T, Tavakkoli S, Teymoori F, Mirmiran P. The association of serum C-peptide with the risk of cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:168. [PMID: 37568168 PMCID: PMC10416519 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01142-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND C-peptide is considered a peptide with active function in the body, which can affect people's health. However, the results of previous studies on the possible association of C-peptide with the risk of cardiometabolic disorders have not been fully understood. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between serum C-peptide level and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. METHODS The various important databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, were searched comprehensively to November 2022 to identify the relevant studies. The HR(95% CI) or OR(95% CI) for observational studies were extracted and converted into log HR or log OR and their standard deviation(SD) was computed. A random-effects model with an inverse variance weighting method was conducted, to calculate the pooled effect size. RESULTS Sixteen observational studies, including one case-control study, eight cohort studies, and seven cross-sectional studies were included in the current meta-analysis. The sample size ranged from 90 to 7030, with an age range from 12 to 85 years. During the follow-up time (ranging from 5 to 17 years), 4852 CVD events occurred. Based on cohort and case-control studies, the pooled results showed no significant association between serum C-peptide with CVD events risk (RR = 1.02;95%CI:0.91-1.15, I2 = 34.7%; P-heterogeneity = 0.140). For cross-sectional studies, the pooled results indicated a positive association between serum C-peptide and the odds of CVD outcomes (OR = 1.35;95%CI:1.04-1.76, I2 = 83.6%; P-heterogeneity < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The pooled results of the current study suggested that C-peptide level was not related to the risk of CVD events in cohort studies, however, the meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies showed a significant association between C-peptide and an increased risk of CVD events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Kazemi Jahromi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan, Iran
| | - Hamid Ahmadirad
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Jamshidi
- Imam Ali Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Hossein Farhadnejad
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mokhtari
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tahere Shahrokhtabar
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Tavakkoli
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Teymoori
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Moon CH, Lee AJ, Jeon HY, Kim EB, Ha KS. Therapeutic effect of ultra-long-lasting human C-peptide delivery against hyperglycemia-induced neovascularization in diabetic retinopathy. Theranostics 2023; 13:2424-2438. [PMID: 37215567 PMCID: PMC10196831 DOI: 10.7150/thno.81714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Neovascularization is a hallmark of the late stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) leading to blindness. The current anti-DR drugs have clinical disadvantages including short circulation half-lives and the need for frequent intraocular administration. New therapies with long-lasting drug release and minimal side effects are therefore needed. We explored a novel function and mechanism of a proinsulin C-peptide molecule with ultra-long-lasting delivery characteristics for the prevention of retinal neovascularization in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Methods: We developed a strategy for ultra-long intraocular delivery of human C-peptide using an intravitreal depot of K9-C-peptide, a human C-peptide conjugated to a thermosensitive biopolymer, and investigated its inhibitory effect on hyperglycemia-induced retinal neovascularization using human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) and PDR mice. Results: In HRECs, high glucose conditions induced oxidative stress and microvascular permeability, and K9-C-peptide suppressed those effects similarly to unconjugated human C-peptide. A single intravitreal injection of K9-C-peptide in mice resulted in the slow release of human C-peptide that maintained physiological levels of C-peptide in the intraocular space for at least 56 days without inducing retinal cytotoxicity. In PDR mice, intraocular K9-C-peptide attenuated diabetic retinal neovascularization by normalizing hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress, vascular leakage, and inflammation and restoring blood-retinal barrier function and the balance between pro- and anti-angiogenic factors. Conclusions: K9-C-peptide provides ultra-long-lasting intraocular delivery of human C-peptide as an anti-angiogenic agent to attenuate retinal neovascularization in PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- ✉ Corresponding author: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, Korea. Tel: +82-33-250-8833, E-mail address:
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10
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Irilouzadian R, Afaghi S, Esmaeili Tarki F, Rahimi F, Malekpour Alamadari N. Urinary c-peptide creatinine ratio (UCPCR) as a predictor of coronary artery disease in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2023; 6:e413. [PMID: 36808709 PMCID: PMC10164436 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated C-peptide has been suggested as a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Elevated urinary C-peptide to creatinine ratio (UCPCR) as an alternative measurement is shown to be related to insulin secretion dysfunction; however, data regarding UCPCR predictive value for CAD in diabetes mellitus (DM) are scarce. Therefore, we aimed to assess the UCPCR association with CAD in type 1 DM (T1DM) patients. METHODS 279 patients previously diagnosed with T1DM included and categorized into two groups of CAD (n = 84) and without-CAD (n = 195). Furthermore, each group was divided into obese (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30) and non-obese (BMI < 30) groups. Four models utilizing the binary logistic regression were designed to evaluate the role of UCPCR in CAD adjusted for well-known risk factors and mediators. RESULTS Median level of UCPCR was higher in CAD group compared to non-CAD group (0.07 vs. 0.04, respectively). Also, the well-acknowledged risk factors including being active smoker, hypertension, duration of diabetes, and body mass index (BMI) as well as higher levels of haemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and estimated glomeruli filtration rate (e-GFR) had more significant pervasiveness in CAD patients. Based on multiple adjustments by logistic regression, UCPCR was a strong risk factor of CAD among T1DM patients independent of hypertension, demographic variables (gender, age, smoking, alcohol consumption), diabetes-related factors (diabetes duration, FBS, HbA1C), lipid profile (TC, LDL, HDL, TG) and renal-related indicators (creatinine, e-GFR, albuminuria, uric acid) in both patients with BMI≥30 and BMI < 30. CONCLUSION UCPCR is associated with clinical CAD, independent of CAD classic risk factors, glycaemic control, insulin resistance and BMI in type 1 DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Irilouzadian
- Burn Research Center, Iran university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siamak Afaghi
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Esmaeili Tarki
- Research institute of internal medicine, Shahid Modarres hospital, Shahid Beheshti university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemehsadat Rahimi
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Malekpour Alamadari
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Research and Development Center, Shahid Modarres Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Lee AJ, Moon CH, Lee YJ, Jeon HY, Park WS, Ha KS. Systemic C-peptide supplementation ameliorates retinal neurodegeneration by inhibiting VEGF-induced pathological events in diabetes. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22763. [PMID: 36625326 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201390rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is caused by retinal vascular dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Intraocular delivery of C-peptide has been shown to be beneficial against hyperglycemia-induced microvascular leakage in the retina of diabetes; however, the effect of C-peptide on diabetes-induced retinal neurodegeneration remains unknown. Moreover, extraocular C-peptide replacement therapy against DR to avoid various adverse effects caused by intravitreal injections has not been studied. Here, we demonstrate that systemic C-peptide supplementation using osmotic pumps or biopolymer-conjugated C-peptide hydrogels ameliorates neurodegeneration by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor-induced pathological events, but not hyperglycemia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor expression, in the retinas of diabetic mice. C-peptide inhibited hyperglycemia-induced activation of macroglial and microglial cells, downregulation of glutamate aspartate transporter 1 expression, neuronal apoptosis, and histopathological changes by a mechanism involving reactive oxygen species generation in the retinas of diabetic mice, but transglutaminase 2, which is involved in retinal vascular leakage, is not associated with these pathological events. Overall, our findings suggest that systemic C-peptide supplementation alleviates hyperglycemia-induced retinal neurodegeneration by inhibiting a pathological mechanism, involving reactive oxygen species, but not transglutaminase 2, in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Jun Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Chan-Hee Moon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hye-Yoon Jeon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
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12
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Effects of High Glucose on Human Endothelial Cells Exposed to Simulated Microgravity. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020189. [PMID: 36830559 PMCID: PMC9952903 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A diabetogenic state induced by spaceflight provokes stress and health problems in astronauts. Microgravity (µg) is one of the main stressors in space causing hyperglycaemia. However, the underlying molecular pathways and synergistic effects of µg and hyperglycaemia are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of high glucose on EA.hy926 endothelial cells in simulated µg (s-µg) using a 3D clinostat and static normogravity (1g) conditions. After 14 days of cell culture under s-µg and 1g conditions, we compared the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM), inflammation, glucose metabolism, and apoptosis-related genes and proteins through qPCR, immunofluorescence, and Western blot analyses, respectively. Apoptosis was evaluated via TUNEL staining. Gene interactions were examined via STRING analysis. Our results show that glucose concentrations had a weaker effect than altered gravity. µg downregulated the ECM gene and protein expression and had a stronger influence on glucose metabolism than hyperglycaemia. Moreover, hyperglycaemia caused more pronounced changes in 3D cultures than in 2D cultures, including bigger and a greater number of spheroids, upregulation of NOX4 and the apoptotic proteins NF-κB and CASP3, and downregulation of fibronectin and transglutaminase-2. Our findings bring new insights into the possible molecular pathways involved in the diabetogenic vascular effects in µg.
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13
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Qu K, Yan F, Qin X, Zhang K, He W, Dong M, Wu G. Mitochondrial dysfunction in vascular endothelial cells and its role in atherosclerosis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1084604. [PMID: 36605901 PMCID: PMC9807884 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1084604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondria are essential organelles that generate large amounts of ATP via the electron transport chain (ECT). Mitochondrial dysfunction causes reactive oxygen species accumulation, energy stress, and cell death. Endothelial mitochondrial dysfunction is an important factor causing abnormal function of the endothelium, which plays a central role during atherosclerosis development. Atherosclerosis-related risk factors, including high glucose levels, hypertension, ischemia, hypoxia, and diabetes, promote mitochondrial dysfunction in endothelial cells. This review summarizes the physiological and pathophysiological roles of endothelial mitochondria in endothelial function and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Qu
- Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China,College of Bioengineering Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of Geriatrics, Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xian Qin
- Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China,College of Bioengineering Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China,College of Bioengineering Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen He
- Department of Geriatrics, Clinical trial center, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingqing Dong
- Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Mingqing Dong, ; Guicheng Wu,
| | - Guicheng Wu
- Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Mingqing Dong, ; Guicheng Wu,
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14
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Zhao E, Chen S. Association of serum C-peptide with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in ultrasound-defined nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2022; 46:102002. [PMID: 35973558 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2022.102002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prognostic value of C-peptide in long-term nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mortality. METHODS A total of 4670 participants with NAFLD were enrolled in this study. Multivariable Cox regression models evaluated the links between C-peptide levels and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk using adjusted hazard ratios (aHR). In addition, a two‑piecewise Cox model with penalized splines was adapted to investigate the nonlinear relationships between C-peptide and mortality. RESULTS After a mean follow‑up period of 20 years, 1714 deaths from all causes were recorded. In an adjusted Cox regression analysis, using the low C-peptide group as the reference (quartile 1), higher C-peptide (quartile 4) was notably associated with increased all-cause mortality (aHR =1.39; 95% CI: 1.18-1.65) and CVD death (aHR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.41-2.76). Spline analyses demonstrated that the association between C-peptide levels and all-cause mortality was U-shaped, with a threshold value of 0.41 nmol/L. Below the threshold, every one-unit increment in C-peptide had a 70% reduced risk of all-cause death (aHR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.1-0.7). Above the threshold, the C-peptide levels were associated with a higher probability of all-cause death (aHR = 1. 3, 95% CI:1.2-1.4). CONCLUSIONS In the US NAFLD population defined by ultrasound, a U-shaped association was detected between baseline serum C-peptide level and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enfa Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shimin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Taihe Country, No 59, Tuanjie West Road, Taihe County, Fuyang 236600, Anhui Province, China.
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15
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Ross A, Sauce-Guevara MA, Alarcon EI, Mendez-Rojas MA. Peptide Biomaterials for Tissue Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:893936. [PMID: 35992354 PMCID: PMC9388858 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.893936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Expanding the toolbox of therapeutic materials for soft tissue and organ repair has become a critical component of tissue engineering. While animal- and plant-derived proteins are the foundation for developing biomimetic tissue constructs, using peptides as either constituents or frameworks for the materials has gained increasing momentum in recent years. This mini review discusses recent advances in peptide-based biomaterials’ design and application. We also discuss some of the future challenges posed and opportunities opened by peptide-based structures in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Ross
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mildred A. Sauce-Guevara
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Universidad de Las Américas Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Emilio I. Alarcon
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Emilio I. Alarcon, ; Miguel A. Mendez-Rojas,
| | - Miguel A. Mendez-Rojas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Universidad de Las Américas Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Emilio I. Alarcon, ; Miguel A. Mendez-Rojas,
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16
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High glucose-induced ROS-accumulation in embryo-larval stages of zebrafish leads to mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Apoptosis 2022; 27:509-520. [PMID: 35596834 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01731-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, diabetes mellitus has become a major chronic disease threatening human health worldwide, and the age of patients tends to be younger; however, the pathogenesis remains unclear, resulting in many difficulties in its treatment. As an ideal model animal, zebrafish can simulate the processes of human diabetes well. In this study, we successfully established a model of diabetic zebrafish larvae in a previous work. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis was completed, and the results suggested that 10.59% of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to the apoptosis pathway need to be considered. Then, glucose-induced developmental toxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, antioxidant system function, apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction were measured in zebrafish larvae. We hope that this study will provide valuable reference information for type 2 juvenile diabetes treatment.
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17
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Polymer-Based Delivery of Peptide Drugs to Treat Diabetes: Normalizing Hyperglycemia and Preventing Diabetic Complications. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-022-00057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Rossiter JL, Redlinger LJ, Kolar GR, Samson WK, Yosten GLC. The actions of C-peptide in HEK293 cells are dependent upon insulin and extracellular glucose concentrations. Peptides 2022; 150:170718. [PMID: 34954230 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Connecting peptide, or C-peptide, is a part of the insulin prohormone and is essential for the proper folding and processing of the mature insulin peptide. C-peptide is released from the same beta cell secretory granules as insulin in equimolar amounts. However, due to their relative stabilities in plasma, the two peptides are detected in the circulation at ratios of approximately 4:1 to 6:1 (C-peptide to insulin), depending on metabolic state. C-peptide binds specifically to human cell membranes and induces intracellular signaling cascades, likely through an interaction with the G protein coupled receptor, GPR146. C-peptide has been shown to exert protective effects against the vascular, renal, and ocular complications of diabetes. The effects of C-peptide appear to be dependent upon the presence of insulin and the absolute, extracellular concentration of glucose. In this study, we employed HEK293 cells to further examine the interactive effects of C-peptide, insulin, and glucose on cell signaling. We observed that C-peptide's cellular effects are dampened significantly when cells are exposed to physiologically relevant concentrations of both insulin and C-peptide. Likewise, the actions of C-peptide on cFos and GPR146 mRNA expressions were affected by changes in extracellular glucose concentration. In particular, C-peptide induced significant elevations in cFos expression in the setting of high (25 mmol) extracellular glucose concentration. These data indicate that future experimentation on the actions of C-peptide should control for the presence or absence of insulin and the concentration of glucose. Furthermore, these findings should be considered prior to the development of C-peptide-based therapeutics for the treatment of diabetes-associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline L Rossiter
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - Lauren J Redlinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - Grant R Kolar
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - Willis K Samson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO 63104, United States
| | - Gina L C Yosten
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO 63104, United States.
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19
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Cheng F, Liu J, Guo Z, Li S, Chen J, Tu C, Fu F, Shen B, Zhang X, Lai G, Lan J. Angiotensin-(1-7) ameliorates high glucose-induced vascular endothelial injury through suppressing chloride channel 3. Bioengineered 2022; 13:4100-4111. [PMID: 35098884 PMCID: PMC8973701 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1997695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is leading cause of deaths in DM patients. However, there are limited effective medical therapies for diabetic CVD. Vascular endothelial injury caused by DM is a critical risk factor for diabetic CVD. Previous study has indicated that Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) may prevent diabetic CVD, whereas it is not clear that Ang-(1-7) whether attenuates diabetic CVD through suppressing vascular endothelial injury. In this study, we found that Ang-(1-7) alleviated high glucose (HG)-induced endothelial injury in bEnd3 cells. Moreover, Ang-(1-7) ameliorated HG-induced endothelial injury through downregulating chloride channel 3 (CIC-3) via Mas receptor. Furthermore, HG-induced CIC-3 enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytokine production and reduced the level of nitric oxide (NO), while Ang-(1-7) preserved the impact of HG-induced CIC-3 on productions of ROS, cytokine and NO through inhibiting CIC-3 via Mas receptor. Summarily, the present study revealed that Ang-(1-7) alleviated HG-induced vascular endothelial injury through the inhibition of CIC-3, suggested that Ang-(1-7) may preserve diabetic CVD through suppressing HG-induced vascular endothelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cheng
- Second Ward of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dongguan Songshan Lake Center Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province 523326, China.,Dongguan Cardiovascular Institute, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province 523326, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Second Ward of General Pediatrics, Dongguan Eighth People's Hospital, Dongguan Children's Hospital, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province 523321, China
| | - Zhuolin Guo
- Dongguan Cardiovascular Institute, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province 523326, China
| | - Shicheng Li
- Second Ward of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dongguan Songshan Lake Center Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province 523326, China
| | - Jingfu Chen
- Second Ward of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dongguan Songshan Lake Center Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province 523326, China
| | - Chang Tu
- Dongguan Cardiovascular Institute, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province 523326, China
| | - Fengzhou Fu
- Second Ward of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dongguan Songshan Lake Center Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province 523326, China
| | - Bai Shen
- Second Ward of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dongguan Songshan Lake Center Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province 523326, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Second Ward of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dongguan Songshan Lake Center Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province 523326, China
| | - Guohua Lai
- Dongguan Cardiovascular Institute, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province 523326, China
| | - Jun Lan
- Dongguan Cardiovascular Institute, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Dongguan City, Guangdong Province 523326, China
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20
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Zong Y, Chen W, Zhao Y, Suo X, Yang X. Salmonella Infection Causes Hyperglycemia for Decreased GLP-1 Content by Enteroendocrine L Cells Pyroptosis in Pigs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031272. [PMID: 35163196 PMCID: PMC8835732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory responses have been shown to induce hyperglycemia, yet the underlying mechanism is still largely unclear. GLP-1 is an important intestinal hormone for regulating glucose homeostasis; however, few studies have investigated the influence of digestive tract Salmonella infection on enteroendocrine L cell secretions. In this study, we established a model of Salmonella-infected piglets by oral gavage in order to analyze the effects of Salmonella infection on enteroendocrine L cell function. Furthermore, in vitro lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administered to STC-1 cells to clarify its direct effect on GLP-1 secretion. The results showed that significantly increased blood glucose in the group of Salmonella-infected piglets was observed, and Salmonella infection decreased blood GLP-1 content. Then, ileal epithelium damage was observed by histological detection, and this was further verified by TUNEL staining. We identified activation of TLR signaling demonstrating up-regulated expressions of TLR4 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ΚB). Furthermore, it was shown that Salmonella induced pyroptosis of enteroendocrine L cells and enhanced the secretion of IL-1β through augmenting gene and protein expressions of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a carboxyl-terminal CARD (ASC), Caspase 1, and gasdermin D (GSDMD). Meanwhile, in vitro LPS treatment induced the pyroptosis of STC-1 cells and reduced the secretion of GLP-1. Altogether, the results demonstrated that Salmonella infection can reduce secretion of GLP-1 by inducing pyroptosis of intestinal L cells, which may eventually result in hyperglycemia. The results provided evidence for the cause of hyperglycemia induced by inflammation and shed new light on glucose homeostasis regulation.
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21
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Seo JA, Sayyed ND, Lee YJ, Jeon HY, Kim EB, Hong SH, Cho S, Kim M, Ha KS. Midazolam Ameliorates Hyperglycemia-Induced Glomerular Endothelial Dysfunction by Inhibiting Transglutaminase 2 in Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020753. [PMID: 35054938 PMCID: PMC8775471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Midazolam is an anesthetic widely used for anxiolysis and sedation; however, to date, a possible role for midazolam in diabetic kidney disease remains unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of midazolam on hyperglycemia-induced glomerular endothelial dysfunction and elucidated its mechanism of action in kidneys of diabetic mice and human glomerular microvascular endothelial cells (HGECs). We found that, in diabetic mice, subcutaneous midazolam treatment for 6 weeks attenuated hyperglycemia-induced elevation in urine albumin/creatinine ratios. It also ameliorated hyperglycemia-induced adherens junction disruption and subsequent microvascular leakage in glomeruli of diabetic mice. In HGECs, midazolam suppressed high glucose-induced vascular endothelial-cadherin disruption and endothelial cell permeability via inhibition of intracellular Ca2+ elevation and subsequent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and transglutaminase 2 (TGase2) activation. Notably, midazolam also suppressed hyperglycemia-induced ROS generation and TGase2 activation in glomeruli of diabetic mice and markedly improved pathological alterations in glomerular ultrastructure in these animals. Analysis of kidneys from diabetic Tgm2−/− mice further revealed that TGase2 played a critical role in microvascular leakage. Overall, our findings indicate that midazolam ameliorates hyperglycemia-induced glomerular endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting ROS-mediated activation of TGase2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ah Seo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Kangwon-do, Korea; (J.-A.S.); (N.D.S.); (Y.-J.L.); (H.-Y.J.); (E.-B.K.)
| | - Nilofar Danishmalik Sayyed
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Kangwon-do, Korea; (J.-A.S.); (N.D.S.); (Y.-J.L.); (H.-Y.J.); (E.-B.K.)
| | - Yeon-Ju Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Kangwon-do, Korea; (J.-A.S.); (N.D.S.); (Y.-J.L.); (H.-Y.J.); (E.-B.K.)
| | - Hye-Yoon Jeon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Kangwon-do, Korea; (J.-A.S.); (N.D.S.); (Y.-J.L.); (H.-Y.J.); (E.-B.K.)
| | - Eun-Bin Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Kangwon-do, Korea; (J.-A.S.); (N.D.S.); (Y.-J.L.); (H.-Y.J.); (E.-B.K.)
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Kangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Soyeon Cho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Kangwon-do, Korea;
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Kangwon-do, Korea;
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (K.-S.H.); Tel.: +82-33-258-9423 (M.K.); +82-33-250-8833 (K.-S.H.)
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Kangwon-do, Korea; (J.-A.S.); (N.D.S.); (Y.-J.L.); (H.-Y.J.); (E.-B.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (K.-S.H.); Tel.: +82-33-258-9423 (M.K.); +82-33-250-8833 (K.-S.H.)
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22
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Association of low fasting C-peptide levels with cardiovascular risk, visit-to-visit glucose variation and severe hypoglycemia in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT). Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:232. [PMID: 34879878 PMCID: PMC8656002 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01418-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Low C-peptide levels, indicating beta-cell dysfunction, are associated with increased within-day glucose variation and hypoglycemia. In advanced type 2 diabetes, severe hypoglycemia and increased glucose variation predict cardiovascular (CVD) risk. The present study examined the association between C-peptide levels and CVD risk and whether it can be explained by visit-to-visit glucose variation and severe hypoglycemia. Materials and methods Fasting C-peptide levels at baseline, composite CVD outcome, severe hypoglycemia, and visit-to-visit fasting glucose coefficient of variation (CV) and average real variability (ARV) were assessed in 1565 Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial participants. Results There was a U-shaped relationship between C-peptide and CVD risk with increased risk with declining levels in the low range (< 0.50 nmol/l, HR 1.30 [95%CI 1.05–1.60], p = 0.02) and with rising levels in the high range (> 1.23 nmol/l, 1.27 [1.00–1.63], p = 0.05). C-peptide levels were inversely associated with the risk of severe hypoglycemia (OR 0.68 [0.60–0.77]) and visit-to-visit glucose variation (CV, standardized beta-estimate − 0.12 [SE 0.01]; ARV, − 0.10 [0.01]) (p < 0.0001 all). The association of low C-peptide levels with CVD risk was independent of cardiometabolic risk factors (1.48 [1.17–1.87, p = 0.001) and remained associated with CVD when tested in the same model with severe hypoglycemia and glucose CV. Conclusions Low C-peptide levels were associated with increased CVD risk in advanced type 2 diabetes. The association was independent of increases in glucose variation or severe hypoglycemia. C-peptide levels may predict future glucose control patterns and CVD risk, and identify phenotypes influencing clinical decision making in advanced type 2 diabetes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12933-021-01418-z.
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23
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Vejrazkova D, Vankova M, Lukasova P, Vcelak J, Bendlova B. Insights into the physiology of C-peptide. Physiol Res 2021; 69:S237-S243. [PMID: 33094622 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Current knowledge suggests a complex role of C-peptide in human physiology, but its mechanism of action is only partially understood. The effects of C-peptide appear to be variable depending on the target tissue, physiological environment, its combination with other bioactive molecules such as insulin, or depending on its concentration. It is apparent that C-peptide has therapeutic potential for the treatment of vascular and nervous damage caused by type 1 or late type 2 diabetes mellitus. The question remains whether the effect is mediated by the receptor, the existence of which is still uncertain, or whether an alternative non-receptor-mediated mechanism is responsible. The Institute of Endocrinology in Prague has been paying much attention to the issue of C-peptide and its metabolic effect since the 1980s. The RIA methodology of human C-peptide determination was introduced here and transferred to commercial production. By long-term monitoring of C-peptide oGTT-derived indices, the Institute has contributed to elucidating the pathophysiology of glucose tolerance disorders. This review summarizes the current knowledge of C-peptide physiology and highlights the contributions of the Institute of Endocrinology to this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vejrazkova
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Jafari Khataylou Y, Ahmadi Afshar S, Mirzakhani N. Betulinic acid reduces the complications of autoimmune diabetes on the body and kidney through effecting on inflammatory cytokines in C57BL/6 mice. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2021; 12:203-210. [PMID: 34345387 PMCID: PMC8328255 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2019.101178.2409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diabetes is one of the most common metabolic diseases with increasing prevalence in the past decades in which pancreatic Langerhans β cells are destroyed and lead to lack of insulin due to increased blood sugar. One of the consequences of diabetes is glomerular disease of the kidney, also called diabetes nephropathy. Different studies have been carried out on the effects of triterpenoids and their medicinal effects on diabetes mellitus. betulinic acid, a pentacyclic triterpenoid of Terpenes, is found in bushes and trees. Its medical effects are also approved by many studies. In this survey, we studied the effect of betulinic acid on diabetic inbred C57BL/6 male mice. They were randomly divided to three groups. Group A: Consisted of healthy mice which received citrate buffer. Group B: Diabetic mice without any treatment and group C: Treated diabetic mice with betulinic acid. The level of blood insulin level, fasting blood glucose, C-peptide, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1 cytokines were measured and pathologic studies of the kidney were performed. The results showed that betulinic acid could increase insulin and C-peptide, and decrease fasting blood sugar, kidney lesions and TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1 in the treated groups. The differences were significant except for IL-1. Betulinic acid through reduction of inflammatory cytokines could have positive effects on inflammatory and autoimmune disease including autoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Jafari Khataylou
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Ahmadi Afshar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Navideh Mirzakhani
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
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25
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Liu JY, Zhang YC, Xie RR, Song LN, Yang WL, Xin Z, Cao X, Yang JK. Nifuroxazide improves insulin secretion and attenuates high glucose-induced inflammation and apoptosis in INS-1 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 899:174042. [PMID: 33745960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are important factors that cause islet β-cell dysfunction. STAT3 is not only a major factor in cell proliferation and differentiation, but also plays an important role in mediating inflammation. As a potent inhibitor of STAT3, the effect of Nifuroxazide (Nifu) on pancreatic islet cells in a high glucose environment has not been reported. In the present study, we used high concentration glucose-induced INS-1 cells to examine the effects of Nifu on high glucose-induced cell function by glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). The effects of Nifu on high glucose-induced oxidative stress were recorded by oxidative factors and antioxidant factors. Simultaneously, the effect of Nifu on the inflammatory response, apoptosis, and STAT3/SOCS3 signal pathway were validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. Our study indicated that Nifu significantly improved cell vitality and insulin secretion of INS-1 cells induced by high glucose. We found Nifu significantly inhibited pro-oxidative factors (ROS, MDA) and promoted anti-oxidative factors (SOD, GSH-PX, CAT). Meanwhile, qRT-PCR and Western blot results showed that inflammatory and apoptosis factors were remarkably inhibited by Nifu. Further research indicated that Nifu clearly suppressed the activation of the STAT3/SOCS3 signaling pathway. In conclusion, Nifu can significantly improve the insulin secretion function, protect oxidative stress injury, and reduce inflammatory response and apoptosis in high glucose-induced INS-1 cells. Therefore, Nifu has a new positive effect on maintaining the normal function of pancreatic islet cells in a high glucose environment and provides new drug candidates for the treatment and prevention of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Liu
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yi-Chen Zhang
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Rong-Rong Xie
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Li-Ni Song
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wei-Li Yang
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhong Xin
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xi Cao
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Jin-Kui Yang
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China.
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26
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Kim JH, Noh JJ, Eoh KJ, Kim YT. Report from the 36th Annual Meeting of the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology (KSGO). J Gynecol Oncol 2021; 32:e75. [PMID: 34085802 PMCID: PMC8192232 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2021.32.e75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hyun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joseph J Noh
- Gynecologic Cancer Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Eoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin, Korea
| | - Young Tae Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Chen Z, He J, Ma Q, Xiao M. Association Between C-Peptide Level and Subclinical Myocardial Injury. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:680501. [PMID: 34456859 PMCID: PMC8397456 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.680501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have confirmed an association between C-peptide levels with the risk of cardiometabolic diseases. However, whether circulating C-peptide was related to subclinical myocardial injury (SC-MI) remains unknown. METHODS A total of 3,752 participants without a history of cardiovascular diseases were included in our study from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III). Multivariable linear regression was performed to explore the correlation between C-peptide and cardiac injury score (CIIS). Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between C-peptide quartile and SC-MI. RESULTS Circulating C-peptide was significantly associated with CIIS (β:0.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.00-0.17; p = 0.041). Compared with the lowest quartile, the highest quartile of circulating C-peptide increased a 1.48-fold risk of SC-MI (Odds ratio = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.18-1.87; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The level of C-peptide was independently associated with CIIS and SC-MI, which could serve as a new risk factor of SC-MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Mingbing Xiao, ; Qiang Ma,
| | - Mingbing Xiao
- Research Center of Clinical Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Mingbing Xiao, ; Qiang Ma,
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28
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Prat-Duran J, Pinilla E, Nørregaard R, Simonsen U, Buus NH. Transglutaminase 2 as a novel target in chronic kidney disease - Methods, mechanisms and pharmacological inhibition. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 222:107787. [PMID: 33307141 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem with a prevalence of 10-15%. Progressive fibrosis of the renal tissue is a main feature of CKD, but current treatment strategies are relatively unspecific and delay, but do not prevent, CKD. Exploration of novel pharmacological targets to inhibit fibrosis development are therefore important. Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is known to be central for extracellular collagenous matrix formation, but TG2 is a multifunctional enzyme and novel research has broadened our view on its extra- and intracellular actions. TG2 exists in two conformational states with different catalytic properties as determined by substrate availability and local calcium concentrations. The open conformation of TG2 depends on calcium and has transamidase activity, central for protein modification and cross-linking of extracellular protein components, while the closed conformation is a GTPase involved in transmembrane signaling processes. We first describe different methodologies to assess TG2 activity in renal tissue and cell cultures such as biotin cadaverine incorporation. Then we systematically review animal CKD models and preliminary studies in humans (with diabetic, IgA- and chronic allograft nephropathy) to reveal the role of TG2 in renal fibrosis. Mechanisms behind TG2 activation, TG2 externalization dependent on Syndecan-4 and interactions between TG and profibrotic molecules including transforming growth factor β and the angiotensin II receptor are discussed. Pharmacological TG2 inhibition shows antifibrotic effects in CKD. However, the translation of TG2 inhibition to treat CKD in patients is a challenge as clinical information is limited, and further studies on pharmacokinetics and efficacy of the individual compounds are required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ulf Simonsen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Health, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Niels Henrik Buus
- Institute of Biomedicine, Health, Aarhus University, Denmark; Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
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29
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Application of elastin-like biopolymer-conjugated C-peptide hydrogel for systemic long-term delivery against diabetic aortic dysfunction. Acta Biomater 2020; 118:32-43. [PMID: 33035695 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Due to their short half-lives, repeated administration of anti-hyperglycemic drugs can cause pain, discomfort, tissue damage, and infection in diabetic patients. Therefore, there is a need to develop long-term drug delivery systems to treat diabetes and its complications. C-peptide can prevent diabetic complications, including diabetic vasculopathy, but its clinical application is limited by its short half-life. Here, we developed K9-C-peptide (human C-peptide conjugated to an elastin-like biopolymer) and investigated its long-term influence on hyperglycemia-induced vascular dysfunction using an aortic endothelium model in diabetic mice. Using pharmacokinetics and in vivo imaging, we found that subcutaneously injected K9-C-peptide formed a hydrogel depot that slowly released human C-peptide into the blood circulation for 19 days. Administration of K9-C-peptide, human C-peptide, or K8 polypeptide had no effect on body weight or blood glucose levels. The slow release of C-peptide from K9-C-peptide hydrogels provided prolonged prevention of oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and endothelial apoptosis in a hyperglycemia-induced vascular dysfunction model using the diabetic mouse aorta. Subcutaneous administration of unbound human C-peptide and K8 polypeptide were used as negative controls and had no effects. These results suggest that K9-C-peptide is suitable for the long-term delivery of human C-peptide for treating vascular dysfunction in diabetic patients.
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30
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Luppi P, Drain N, To R, Stolz D, Wallace C, Watkins S, Drain P. Autocrine C-peptide protects INS1 β cells against palmitic acid-induced oxidative stress in peroxisomes by inducing catalase. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2020; 3:e00147. [PMID: 32704568 PMCID: PMC7375117 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS C-peptide, produced by pancreatic β cells and co-secreted in the bloodstream with insulin, has antioxidant properties in glucose- and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-exposed INS1 β cells. Palmitic acid, the most physiologically abundant long-chain free fatty acid in humans, is metabolized in peroxisomes of β cells accumulating H2O2 that can lead to oxidative stress. Here, we tested the hypothesis that C-peptide protects β cells from palmitic acid-induced stress by lowering peroxisomal H2O2. MATERIALS AND METHODS We exposed INS1 β cells to palmitic acid and C-peptide in the setting of increasing glucose concentration and tested for changes in parameters of stress and death. To study the ability of C-peptide to lower peroxisomal H2O2, we engineered an INS1 β cell line stably expressing the peroxisomal-targeted H2O2 sensor HyPer, whose fluorescence increases with cellular H2O2. An INS1 β cell line stably expressing a live-cell fluorescent catalase reporter was used to detect changes in catalase gene expression. RESULTS C-peptide protects INS1 β cells from the combined effect of palmitic acid and glucose by reducing peroxisomal H2O2 to baseline levels and increasing expression of catalase. CONCLUSIONS In conditions of glucolipotoxicity, C-peptide increases catalase expression and reduces peroxisomal oxidative stress and death of INS1 β cells. Maintenance of C-peptide secretion is a pro-survival requisite for β cells in adverse conditions. Loss of C-peptide secretion would render β cells more vulnerable to stress and death leading to secretory dysfunction and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Luppi
- Department of Cell BiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Nicholas Drain
- Department of Cell BiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Ramsey To
- Department of Cell BiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Donna Stolz
- Department of Cell BiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Callen Wallace
- Department of Cell BiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Simon Watkins
- Department of Cell BiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Peter Drain
- Department of Cell BiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
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31
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Poteryaeva ON, Usynin IF. [Molecular mechanisms of action and physiological effects of the proinsulin C-peptide (a systematic review)]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2020; 66:196-207. [PMID: 32588825 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20206603196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The C-peptide is a fragment of proinsulin, the cleavage of which forms active insulin. In recent years, new information has appeared on the physiological effects of the C-peptide, indicating its positive effect on many organs and tissues, including the kidneys, nervous system, heart, vascular endothelium and blood microcirculation. Studies on experimental models of diabetes mellitus in animals, as well as clinical trials in patients with diabetes, have shown that the C-peptide has an important regulatory effect on the early stages of functional and structural disorders caused by this disease. The C-peptide exhibits its effects through binding to a specific receptor on the cell membrane and activation of downstream signaling pathways. Intracellular signaling involves G-proteins and Ca2+-dependent pathways, resulting in activation and increased expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, Na+/K+-ATPase and important transcription factors involved in apoptosis, anti-inflammatory and other intracellular defense mechanisms. This review gives an idea of the C-peptide as a bioactive endogenous peptide that has its own biological activity and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- O N Poteryaeva
- Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translation Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - I F Usynin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translation Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
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32
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Seo JA, Jeon HY, Kim M, Lee YJ, Han ET, Park WS, Hong SH, Kim YM, Ha KS. Anti-metastatic effect of midazolam on melanoma B16F10 cells in the lungs of diabetic mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:114052. [PMID: 32446885 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Midazolam is an anesthetic agent commonly used for anesthesia and sedation in surgery. However, there is no information on the role of midazolam in hyperglycemia-induced cancer metastasis to date. In this study, we investigated the effects of midazolam on inhibiting metastases in the lungs of diabetic mice and on human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMVECs). Subcutaneous injection of midazolam inhibited hyperglycemia-induced cancer metastasis in the lungs of diabetic mice. Midazolam also prevented the generation of ROS, activation of TGase, and subsequent vascular leakage in the lungs of diabetic mice. Furthermore, in vitro studies with HPMVECs confirmed that midazolam inhibited VEGF-induced intracellular events including ROS generation, TGase activation, and disruption of vascular endothelial-cadherins, thus preventing the permeability of endothelial cells. Notably, midazolam had no direct effect on the migration or proliferation of melanoma cells, instead acting upon endothelial cells. The midazolam-mediated inhibition of VEGF-induced intracellular events was reversed by treatment with the GABAA receptor antagonist flumazenil. These findings suggest that midazolam prevents hyperglycemia-induced cancer metastasis by inhibiting VEGF-induced intracellular events and subsequent vascular leakage via the GABAA receptors in the lungs of diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ah Seo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Yoon Jeon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Taek Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea; Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Induction of caveolin-3/eNOS complex by nitroxyl (HNO) ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101493. [PMID: 32182574 PMCID: PMC7078438 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitroxyl (HNO), one-electron reduced and protonated sibling of nitric oxide (NO), is a potential regulator of cardiovascular functions. It produces positive inotropic, lusitropic, myocardial anti-hypertrophic and vasodilator properties. Despite of these favorable actions, the significance and the possible mechanisms of HNO in diabetic hearts have yet to be fully elucidated. H9c2 cells or primary neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes were incubated with normal glucose (NG) or high glucose (HG). Male C57BL/6 mice received intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes. Here, we demonstrated that the baseline fluorescence signals of HNO in H9c2 cells were reinforced by both HNO donor Angeli's salt (AS), and the mixture of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS) and NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP), but decreased by HG. Pretreatment with AS significantly reduced HG-induced cell vitality injury, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and hypertrophy in H9c2 cells. This effect was mediated by induction of caveolin-3 (Cav-3)/endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) complex. Disruption of Cav-3/eNOS by pharmacological manipulation or small interfering RNA (siRNA) abolished the protective effects of AS in HG-incubated H9c2 cells. In STZ-induced diabetic mice, administration of AS ameliorated the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy, as evidenced by improved cardiac function and reduced cardiac hypertrophy, apoptosis, oxidative stress and myocardial fibrosis without affecting hyperglycemia. This study shed light on how interaction of NO and H2S regulates cardiac pathology and provide new route to treat diabetic cardiomyopathy with HNO.
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Activity-expression profiling of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in tissues of normal and diabetic mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:750-755. [PMID: 32035617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) plays a principal role in the regulation of oxidative stress by modulating the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate pool and is expected to be associated with metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM). However, it is unclear whether hyperglycemia increases G6PD activity levels in DM because suitable assays for quantifying the activity in a high-throughput manner are lacking. Using liquid droplet arrays tailored to analyze tissue lysates, we performed G6PD activity profiling in eight tissues of normal and diabetic mice: brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, and thyroid. Diabetic mice exhibited significantly higher G6PD activities in the kidney, liver, spleen, and thyroid than normal mice; no significant difference was found in the brain, heart, lung, or muscle. We also performed G6PD expression profiling in the eight tissues using Western blot analysis. Diabetic mice showed significantly elevated G6PD expression levels in the kidney, lung, spleen, and thyroid compared with normal mice; no significant difference was found in the brain, heart, liver, or muscle. An analysis of G6PD activity-expression profiles demonstrated tissue-specific changes in response to hyperglycemia. Thus, our approach would be helpful for understanding the role of G6PD in tissue-based pathogenesis of diabetic complications.
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35
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Souto SB, Campos JR, Fangueiro JF, Silva AM, Cicero N, Lucarini M, Durazzo A, Santini A, Souto EB. Multiple Cell Signalling Pathways of Human Proinsulin C-Peptide in Vasculopathy Protection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E645. [PMID: 31963760 PMCID: PMC7013900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A major hallmark of diabetes is a constant high blood glucose level (hyperglycaemia), resulting in endothelial dysfunction. Transient or prolonged hyperglycemia can cause diabetic vasculopathy, a secondary systemic damage. C-Peptide is a product of cleavage of proinsulin by a serine protease that occurs within the pancreatic β-cells, being secreted in similar amounts as insulin. The biological activity of human C-peptide is instrumental in the prevention of diabetic neuropathy, nephropathy and other vascular complications. The main feature of type 1 diabetes mellitus is the lack of insulin and of C-peptide, but the progressive β-cell loss is also observed in later stage of type 2 diabetes mellitus. C-peptide has multifaceted effects in animals and diabetic patients due to the activation of multiple cell signalling pathways, highlighting p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½, Akt, as well as endothelial nitric oxide production. Recent works highlight the role of C-peptide in the prevention and amelioration of diabetes and also in organ-specific complications. Benefits of C-peptide in microangiopathy and vasculopathy have been shown through conservation of vascular function, and also in the prevention of endothelial cell death, microvascular permeability, neointima formation, and in vascular inflammation. Improvement of microvascular blood flow by replacing a physiological amount of C-peptide, in several tissues of diabetic animals and humans, mainly in nerve tissue, myocardium, skeletal muscle, and kidney has been described. A review of the multiple cell signalling pathways of human proinsulin C-peptide in vasculopathy protection is proposed, where the approaches to move beyond the state of the art in the development of innovative and effective therapeutic options of diabetic neuropathy and nephropathy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma B. Souto
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Joana R. Campos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.R.C.); (J.F.F.)
| | - Joana F. Fangueiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.R.C.); (J.F.F.)
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche, odontoiatriche e delle immagini morfologiche e funzionali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA—Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA—Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.R.C.); (J.F.F.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Aroor AR, Habibi J, Nistala R, Ramirez-Perez FI, Martinez-Lemus LA, Jaffe IZ, Sowers JR, Jia G, Whaley-Connell A. Diet-Induced Obesity Promotes Kidney Endothelial Stiffening and Fibrosis Dependent on the Endothelial Mineralocorticoid Receptor. Hypertension 2019; 73:849-858. [PMID: 30827147 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by enhanced MR (mineralocorticoid receptor) activation, vascular stiffness, and associated cardiovascular and kidney disease. Consumption of a Western-style diet (WD), high in saturated fat and refined carbohydrates, by female mice, leads to obesity and vascular stiffening. Use of ECMR (endothelial cell-specific MR) knockout mice supports that ECMR activation is critical for development of vascular and cardiac fibrosis and stiffening. However, the role of ECMR activation in kidney inflammation and fibrosis remains unknown. We hypothesized that cell-specific deletion of ECMR would prevent WD-induced central aortic stiffness and protect the kidney from endothelial dysfunction and vascular stiffening. Four-week-old female ECMR KO and wild-type mice were fed either mouse chow or WD for 16 weeks. WD feeding increased body weight and fat mass, proteinuria, as well as vascular stiffness indices (pulse wave velocity and kidney artery stiffening) and impaired endothelial-dependent vasodilatation without blood pressure changes. The WD-induced kidney arterial stiffening was associated with attenuated eNOS (endothelial NO synthase) activation, increased oxidative stress, proinflammatory immune responses, alterations in extracellular matrix degradation pathways, and fibrosis. ECMR deletion prevented these abnormalities by improving eNOS activation and reducing macrophage proinflammatory M1 polarization, expression of TG2 (transglutaminase 2), and MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)-9. Our data support the concept that ECMR activation contributes to endothelial dysfunction, increased kidney artery fibrosis/stiffening, and impaired NOS (NO synthase) activation, processes associated with macrophage infiltration and polarization, inflammation, and oxidative stress, collectively resulting in tubulointerstitial fibrosis in females consuming a WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annayya R Aroor
- From the Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center (A.R.A., J.H., R.N., J.R.S., G.J., A.W.-C.).,Department of Medicine (A.R.A., J.H., R.N., J.R.S., G.J., A.W.-C.).,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (A.R.A., J.H., J.R.S., G.J., A.W.-C.).,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (A.R.A., J.H., R.N., L.A.M.-L., J.R.S., A.W.-C.)
| | - Javad Habibi
- From the Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center (A.R.A., J.H., R.N., J.R.S., G.J., A.W.-C.).,Department of Medicine (A.R.A., J.H., R.N., J.R.S., G.J., A.W.-C.).,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (A.R.A., J.H., J.R.S., G.J., A.W.-C.).,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (A.R.A., J.H., R.N., L.A.M.-L., J.R.S., A.W.-C.)
| | - Ravi Nistala
- From the Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center (A.R.A., J.H., R.N., J.R.S., G.J., A.W.-C.).,Department of Medicine (A.R.A., J.H., R.N., J.R.S., G.J., A.W.-C.).,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (R.N., A.W.-C.).,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (A.R.A., J.H., R.N., L.A.M.-L., J.R.S., A.W.-C.)
| | - Francisco I Ramirez-Perez
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.)
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.).,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.).,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (A.R.A., J.H., R.N., L.A.M.-L., J.R.S., A.W.-C.)
| | - Iris Z Jaffe
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA (I.Z.J.)
| | - James R Sowers
- From the Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center (A.R.A., J.H., R.N., J.R.S., G.J., A.W.-C.).,Department of Medicine (A.R.A., J.H., R.N., J.R.S., G.J., A.W.-C.).,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (A.R.A., J.H., J.R.S., G.J., A.W.-C.).,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.).,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine (F.I.R.-P., L.A.M.-L., J.R.S.).,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (A.R.A., J.H., R.N., L.A.M.-L., J.R.S., A.W.-C.)
| | - Guanghong Jia
- From the Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center (A.R.A., J.H., R.N., J.R.S., G.J., A.W.-C.).,Department of Medicine (A.R.A., J.H., R.N., J.R.S., G.J., A.W.-C.).,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (A.R.A., J.H., J.R.S., G.J., A.W.-C.)
| | - Adam Whaley-Connell
- From the Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center (A.R.A., J.H., R.N., J.R.S., G.J., A.W.-C.).,Department of Medicine (A.R.A., J.H., R.N., J.R.S., G.J., A.W.-C.).,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (A.R.A., J.H., J.R.S., G.J., A.W.-C.).,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (R.N., A.W.-C.).,Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (A.R.A., J.H., R.N., L.A.M.-L., J.R.S., A.W.-C.)
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Chung JO, Park SY, Cho DH, Chung DJ, Chung MY. Association Between Serum C-Peptide Level and Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy According to Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2019; 128:607-614. [PMID: 31610588 DOI: 10.1055/a-1017-3048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between serum C-peptide level and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) according to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, we examined 939 individuals with type 2 DM. We measured fasting C-peptide, 2-hour postprandial C-peptide, and ΔC-peptide (postprandial C-peptide minus fasting C-peptide) levels. The individuals were classified into 2 groups based on eGFR: individuals without impaired renal function (eGFR ≥60 ml∙min-1 1.73m-2) and those with impaired renal function (eGFR <60 ml∙min-1 1.73m-2). RESULTS Individuals with CAN had lower fasting C-peptide, postprandial C-peptide, and ΔC-peptide levels in patients both with and without impaired renal function. Multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted for gender, age, and other confounders, including eGFR, showed that serum C-peptide level was significantly associated with CAN (odds ratio [OR] per standard deviation increase in the log-transformed value, 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52-0.87 for fasting C-peptide, P < 0.01; OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.47-0.83 for postprandial C-peptide, P < 0.01; OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54-0.93 for ΔC-peptide, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Serum C-peptide level was negatively associated with CAN in individuals with type 2 DM independent of eGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ook Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Young Park
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyeok Cho
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jin Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Republic of Korea
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38
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The effect of C-peptide on diabetic nephropathy: A review of molecular mechanisms. Life Sci 2019; 237:116950. [PMID: 31605709 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
C-peptide is a small peptide connecting two chains of proinsulin molecule and is dissociated before the release of insulin. It is secreted in an equimolar amount to insulin from the pancreatic beta-cells into the circulation. Recent evidence demonstrates that it has other physiologic activities beyond its structural function. C-peptide modulates intracellular signaling pathways in various pathophysiologic states and, could potentially be a new therapeutic target for different disorders including diabetic complications. There is growing evidence that c-peptide has modulatory effects on the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Although we have little direct evidence, pharmacological properties of c-peptide suggest that it can provide potent renoprotective effects especially, in a c-peptide deficient milieu as in type 1 diabetes mellitus. In this review, we describe possible molecular mechanisms by which c-peptide may improve renal efficiency in a diabetic milieu.
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Jiang QW, Kaili D, Freeman J, Lei CY, Geng BC, Tan T, He JF, Shi Z, Ma JJ, Luo YH, Chandler H, Zhu H. Diabetes inhibits corneal epithelial cell migration and tight junction formation in mice and human via increasing ROS and impairing Akt signaling. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:1205-1211. [PMID: 30867543 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal wounds usually heal quickly; but diabetic patients have more fragile corneas and experience delayed and painful healing. In the present study, we compared the healing capacity of corneal epithelial cells (CECs) between normal and diabetic conditions and the potential mechanisms. Primary murine CEC derived from wild-type and diabetic (db/db) mice, as well as primary human CEC were prepared. Human CEC were exposed to high glucose (30 mM) to mimic diabetic conditions. Cell migration and proliferation were assessed using Scratch test and MTT assays, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the cells was measured using dichlorofluorescein reagent. Western blot was used to evaluate the expression levels of Akt. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) expression were used to determine tight junction integrity. We found that the diabetic CEC displayed significantly slower cell proliferation and migration compared with the normal CEC from both mice and humans. Furthermore, ROS production was markedly increased in CEC grown under diabetic conditions. Treatment with an antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC, 100 μM) significantly decreased ROS production and increased wound healing in diabetic CEC. Barrier function was significantly reduced in both diabetic mouse and human CEC, while NAC treatment mitigated these effects. We further showed that Akt signaling was impaired in diabetic CEC, which was partially improved by NAC treatment. These results show that diabetic conditions lead to delayed wound-healing capacity of CEC and impaired tight junction formation in both mice and human. Increased ROS production and inhibited Akt signaling may contribute to this outcome, implicating these as potential targets for treating corneal wounds in diabetic patients.
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40
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Lee JY, Lee YJ, Jeon HY, Han ET, Park WS, Hong SH, Kim YM, Ha KS. The vicious cycle between transglutaminase 2 and reactive oxygen species in hyperglycemic memory-induced endothelial dysfunction. FASEB J 2019; 33:12655-12667. [PMID: 31462079 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901358rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Clinical trials suggested that the vascular system can remember episodes of poor glycemic control through a phenomenon known as hyperglycemic memory (HGM). HGM is associated with long-term diabetic vascular complications in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, although the molecular mechanism of that association is not clearly understood. We hypothesized that transglutaminase 2 (TGase2) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in HGM-induced vascular dysfunction. We found that hyperglycemia induced persistent oxidative stress, expression of inflammatory adhesion molecules, and apoptosis in the aortic endothelium of HGM mice whose blood glucose levels had been normalized by insulin supplementation. TGase2 activation and ROS generation were in a vicious cycle in the aortic endothelium of HGM mice and also in human aortic endothelial cells after glucose normalization, which played a key role in the sustained expression of inflammatory adhesion molecules and apoptosis. Our findings suggest that the TGase2-ROS vicious cycle plays an important role in HGM-induced endothelial dysfunction.-Lee, J.-Y., Lee, Y.-J., Jeon, H.-Y., Han, E.-T., Park, W. S., Hong, S.-H., Kim, Y.-M., Ha, K.-S. The vicious cycle between transglutaminase 2 and reactive oxygen species in hyperglycemic memory-induced endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Yeon Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hye-Yoon Jeon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Taek Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
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41
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Jeon HY, Seo JA, Jung SH, Lee YJ, Han ET, Park WS, Hong SH, Kim YM, Ha KS. Insulin prevents pulmonary vascular leakage by inhibiting transglutaminase 2 in diabetic mice. Life Sci 2019; 233:116711. [PMID: 31374233 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Insulin is a central peptide hormone required for carbohydrate metabolism; however, its role in diabetes-associated pulmonary disease is unknown. Here, we investigated the preventative effect of insulin against hyperglycemia-induced pulmonary vascular leakage and its molecular mechanism of action in the lungs of diabetic mice. MAIN METHODS Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) activated transglutaminase 2 (TGase2) by sequentially elevating intracellular Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in primary human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMVECs). KEY FINDINGS Insulin inhibited VEGF-induced TGase2 activation, but did not affect intracellular Ca2+ elevation and ROS generation. Insulin prevented VEGF-induced vascular leakage by inhibiting TGase2-mediated c-Src phosphorylation, disassembly of VE-cadherin and β-catenin, and stress fiber formation. Insulin replacement therapy prevented hyperglycemia-induced TGase2 activation, but not ROS generation, in the lungs of diabetic mice. Insulin also prevented vascular leakage and cancer metastasis in the diabetic lung. Notably, vascular leakage was not detectable in the lungs of TGase2-null (Tgm2-/-) diabetic mice. SIGNIFICANCE These findings demonstrate that insulin prevents hyperglycemia-induced pulmonary vascular leakage in diabetic mice by inhibiting VEGF-induced TGase2 activation rather than ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Yoon Jeon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ah Seo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hui Jung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Taek Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Jung SH, Lee JY, Lee SH, Kwon MH, Han ET, Park WS, Hong SH, Kim YM, Ha KS. Preventive Effects of Thermosensitive Biopolymer-Conjugated C-Peptide against High Glucose-Induced Endothelial Cell Dysfunction. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1900129. [PMID: 31310433 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
C-peptide has emerged as a potential drug for treating diabetic complications. However, clinical application of C-peptide is limited by its short half-life during circulation and costly synthesis methods. To overcome these limitations, a biocompatible and thermosensitive biopolymer-C-peptide conjugate composed of human C-peptide genetically conjugated at the C-terminus of nine repeats of lysine-containing elastin-like polypeptide (K9-C-peptide) is generated. K9-C-peptide exhibits reversible thermal phase behavior with a transition temperature dependent on polypeptide concentration. Degradation of K9-C-peptide hydrogel depends on the concentration of four cleavage enzymes as well as the reaction time and frequency of treatments with elastase-2. The preventive effect of K9-C-peptide against high glucose-induced human aortic endothelial cell dysfunction is further investigated. K9-C-peptide inhibits high glucose-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species generation, transglutaminase 2 activation, and apoptosis, similar to the inhibitory effects of human C-peptide. Thus, K9-C-peptide is a potential drug depot for the sustained delivery of C-peptide to treat diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hui Jung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 200-701, Korea
| | - Jee-Yeon Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 200-701, Korea
| | - Seong-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 200-701, Korea
| | - Mi-Hye Kwon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 200-701, Korea
| | - Eun-Taek Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 200-701, Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 200-701, Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 200-701, Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 200-701, Korea
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 200-701, Korea
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43
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Array-based Investigation of Amino Acids Responsible for Regulation of Transamidase and Kinase Activities of Transglutaminase 2. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-019-3307-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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Yu S, Liu X, Men L, Yao J, Xing Q, Du J. Selenoprotein S protects against high glucose-induced vascular endothelial apoptosis through the PKCβII/JNK/Bcl-2 pathway. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:8661-8675. [PMID: 30485531 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial apoptosis is closely associated with the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic macrovascular diseases. Selenoprotein S (SelS) participates in the protection of vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells from oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced injury. However, whether SelS can protect vascular endothelium from high glucose (HG)-induced apoptosis and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study preliminarily analyzed aortic endothelial apoptosis and SelS expression in diabetic rats in vivo and the effects of HG on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) apoptosis and SelS expression in vitro. Subsequently, SelS expression was up- or downregulated in HUVECs using the pcDNA3.1-SelS recombinant plasmid and SelS-specific small interfering RNAs, and the effects of high/low SelS expression on HG-induced HUVEC apoptosis and a possible molecular mechanism were analyzed. As expected, HG induced vascular endothelial apoptosis and upregulated endothelial SelS expression in vivo and in vitro. SelS overexpression in HUVECs suppressed HG-induced increase in apoptosis and cleaved caspase3 level, accompanied by reduced protein kinase CβII (PKCβII), c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK), and B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) phosphorylation. In contrast, inhibiting SelS expression in HUVECs further aggravated HG-induced increase in apoptosis and cleaved caspase3 level, which was accompanied by increased PKCβII, JNK, and Bcl-2 phosphorylation. Pretreatment with PKC activators blocked the protective effects of SelS and increased the apoptosis and cleaved caspase3 level in HUVECs. In summary, SelS protects vascular endothelium from HG-induced apoptosis, and this was achieved through the inhibition of PKCβII/JNK/Bcl-2 pathway to eventually inhibit caspase3 activation. SelS may be a promising target for the prevention and treatment of diabetic macrovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lili Men
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Junjie Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qian Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jianling Du
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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45
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Young D, Pedre B, Ezeriņa D, De Smet B, Lewandowska A, Tossounian MA, Bodra N, Huang J, Astolfi Rosado L, Van Breusegem F, Messens J. Protein Promiscuity in H 2O 2 Signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1285-1324. [PMID: 29635930 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Decrypting the cellular response to oxidative stress relies on a comprehensive understanding of the redox signaling pathways stimulated under oxidizing conditions. Redox signaling events can be divided into upstream sensing of oxidants, midstream redox signaling of protein function, and downstream transcriptional redox regulation. Recent Advances: A more and more accepted theory of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) signaling is that of a thiol peroxidase redox relay, whereby protein thiols with low reactivity toward H2O2 are instead oxidized through an oxidative relay with thiol peroxidases. CRITICAL ISSUES These ultrareactive thiol peroxidases are the upstream redox sensors, which form the first cellular port of call for H2O2. Not all redox-regulated interactions between thiol peroxidases and cellular proteins involve a transfer of oxidative equivalents, and the nature of redox signaling is further complicated through promiscuous functions of redox-regulated "moonlighting" proteins, of which the precise cellular role under oxidative stress can frequently be obscured by "polygamous" interactions. An ultimate goal of redox signaling is to initiate a rapid response, and in contrast to prokaryotic oxidant-responsive transcription factors, mammalian systems have developed redox signaling pathways, which intersect both with kinase-dependent activation of transcription factors, as well as direct oxidative regulation of transcription factors through peroxiredoxin (Prx) redox relays. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We highlight that both transcriptional regulation and cell fate can be modulated either through oxidative regulation of kinase pathways, or through distinct redox-dependent associations involving either Prxs or redox-responsive moonlighting proteins with functional promiscuity. These protein associations form systems of crossregulatory networks with multiple nodes of potential oxidative regulation for H2O2-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Young
- 1 Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium.,2 Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium.,3 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Brandan Pedre
- 1 Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium.,2 Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium.,3 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daria Ezeriņa
- 1 Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium.,2 Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium.,3 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Barbara De Smet
- 1 Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium.,2 Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium.,3 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,4 Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,5 Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aleksandra Lewandowska
- 1 Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium.,2 Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium.,3 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,4 Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,5 Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maria-Armineh Tossounian
- 1 Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium.,2 Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium.,3 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nandita Bodra
- 1 Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium.,2 Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium.,3 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,4 Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,5 Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jingjing Huang
- 1 Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium.,2 Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium.,3 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,4 Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,5 Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leonardo Astolfi Rosado
- 1 Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium.,2 Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium.,3 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- 2 Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium.,4 Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,5 Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris Messens
- 1 Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium.,2 Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium.,3 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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46
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Jeon HY, Lee YJ, Kim YS, Kim SY, Han ET, Park WS, Hong SH, Kim YM, Ha KS. Proinsulin C‐peptide prevents hyperglycemia‐induced vascular leakage and metastasis of melanoma cells in the lungs of diabetic mice. FASEB J 2019; 33:750-762. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800723r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Yoon Jeon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryKangwon National University School of Medicine Chuncheon Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryKangwon National University School of Medicine Chuncheon Korea
| | - You-Sun Kim
- Department of BiochemistryAjou University School of Medicine Suwon Korea
| | - Soo-Youl Kim
- Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology BranchNational Cancer Center Goyang Korea
| | - Eun-Taek Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical MedicineKangwon National University School of Medicine Chuncheon Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of PhysiologyKangwon National University School of Medicine Chuncheon Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal MedicineKangwon National University School of Medicine Chuncheon Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryKangwon National University School of Medicine Chuncheon Korea
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryKangwon National University School of Medicine Chuncheon Korea
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Alves MT, Ortiz MMO, Dos Reis GVOP, Dusse LMS, Carvalho MDG, Fernandes AP, Gomes KB. The dual effect of C-peptide on cellular activation and atherosclerosis: Protective or not? Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019; 35:e3071. [PMID: 30160822 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
C-peptide is a cleavage product of proinsulin that acts on different type of cells, such as blood and endothelial cells. C-peptide biological effects may be different in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Besides, there are further evidence for a functional interaction between C-peptide and insulin. In this way, C-peptide has ambiguous effects, acting as an antithrombotic or thrombotic molecule, depending on the physiological environment and disease conditions. Moreover, C-peptide regulates interaction of leucocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets with the endothelium. The beneficial effects include stimulation of nitric oxide production with its subsequent release by platelets and endothelium, the interaction with erythrocytes leading to the generation of adenosine triphosphate, and inhibition of atherogenic cytokine release. The undesirable action of C-peptide includes the chemotaxis of monocytes, lymphocytes, and smooth muscle cells. Also, C-peptide was related with increased lipid deposits and elevated smooth muscle cells proliferation in the vessel wall, contributing to atherosclerosis. Purpose of this review is to explore these dual roles of C-peptide on the blood, contributing at one side to haemostasis and the other to atherosclerotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Teodoro Alves
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mylena Maira Oliveira Ortiz
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Luci Maria Sant'Ana Dusse
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Carvalho
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Fernandes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Karina Braga Gomes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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48
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Jung SH, Jeon HY, Lee SH, Han ET, Park WS, Hong SH, Kim YM, Ha KS. On-chip dual enzyme activity assay to investigate regulation of the transamidase and kinase activities of transglutaminase 2. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1027:92-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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49
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Jung SH, Kwon MH, Lee SH, Han ET, Park WS, Hong SH, Kim YM, Ha KS. High-throughput investigation of transglutaminase 2 kinase regulation using a novel cysteine-modified peptide array. Anal Biochem 2018; 559:62-70. [PMID: 30165045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TGase2) kinase has emerged as an important regulator of apoptosis as well as chromatin structure and function; however, details about the pathophysiological functions of TGase2 kinase have been limited because of the lack of a suitable activity assay for systematic investigation of TGase2 kinase regulation in a high-throughput manner. Thus, we developed a novel on-chip TGase2 kinase activity assay using a cysteine-modified insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3-derived peptide (CMI peptide) on an array platform. This peptide array-based activity assay was reproducible, with a detection limit of 2.127 μg/ml. We successfully applied this assay to investigate the effects of thiol-reactive compounds and divalent cations on TGase2 kinase by determining the half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50). Thiol-reactive compounds inhibited TGase2 kinase activity in a concentration-dependent manner, with IC50 values ranging from 0.125 to 5.550 mM. Divalent metal cations also showed a concentration-dependent inhibition, with IC50 values ranging from 0.005 to 1.937 mM; however, Ca2+ had no effect on TGase2 kinase activity. Thus, this novel kinase activity assay using the CMI peptide array described here is suitable for systematic investigation of TGase2 kinase regulation and may be useful for investigating the roles of TGase2 kinase in pathogenesis of kinase-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hui Jung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 200-701, South Korea
| | - Mi-Hye Kwon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 200-701, South Korea
| | - Seong-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 200-701, South Korea
| | - Eun-Taek Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 200-701, South Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 200-701, South Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 200-701, South Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 200-701, South Korea
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-Do, 200-701, South Korea.
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50
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Lee YJ, Kim M, Lee JY, Jung SH, Jeon HY, Lee SA, Kang S, Han ET, Park WS, Hong SH, Kim YM, Ha KS. The benzodiazepine anesthetic midazolam prevents hyperglycemia-induced microvascular leakage in the retinas of diabetic mice. FASEB J 2018; 32:fj201800014RR. [PMID: 29782207 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800014rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the beneficial effects of midazolam against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced vascular leakage and its molecular mechanism of action in human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) and the retinas of diabetic mice. Midazolam inhibited VEGF-induced elevation of intracellular Ca2+, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and transglutaminase activation in HRECs; these effects were reversed by the GABA, type A (GABAA) receptor antagonist flumazenil but not by the translocator protein antagonist PK11195. Midazolam also prevented VEGF-induced disassembly of adherens junctions and in vitro permeability. Intravitreal injection of midazolam prevented hyperglycemia-induced ROS generation, transglutaminase activation, and subsequent vascular leakage in the retinas of diabetic mice, and those effects were reversed by flumazenil. The roles of flumazenil were further supported by identifying GABAA receptors in mouse retinas. Thus, midazolam prevents hyperglycemia-induced vascular leakage by inhibiting VEGF-induced intracellular events in the retinas of diabetic mice.-Lee, Y.-J., Kim, M., Lee, J.-Y., Jung, S.-H., Jeon, H.-Y., Lee, S.-A., Kang, S., Han, E.-T., Park, W. S., Hong, S.-H., Kim, Y.-M., Ha, K.-S. The benzodiazepine anesthetic midazolam prevents hyperglycemia-induced microvascular leakage in the retinas of diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Ju Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jee-Yeon Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Se-Hui Jung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hye-Yoon Jeon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Seung Ah Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Seongsik Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Eun-Taek Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea; and
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
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