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Vinci MC, Costantino S, Damiano G, Rurali E, Rinaldi R, Vigorelli V, Sforza A, Carulli E, Pirola S, Mastroiacovo G, Raucci A, El-Osta A, Paneni F, Pompilio G. Persistent epigenetic signals propel a senescence-associated secretory phenotype and trained innate immunity in CD34 + hematopoietic stem cells from diabetic patients. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:107. [PMID: 38553774 PMCID: PMC10981360 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02195-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes-induced trained immunity contributes to the development of atherosclerosis and its complications. This study aimed to investigate in humans whether epigenetic signals involved in immune cell activation and inflammation are initiated in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) and transferred to differentiated progeny. METHODS AND RESULTS High glucose (HG)-exposure of cord blood (CB)-derived HSPCs induced a senescent-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) characterized by cell proliferation lowering, ROS production, telomere shortening, up-regulation of p21 and p27genes, upregulation of NFkB-p65 transcription factor and increased secretion of the inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL6. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP) of p65 promoter revealed that H3K4me1 histone mark accumulation and methyltransferase SetD7 recruitment, along with the reduction of repressive H3K9me3 histone modification, were involved in NFkB-p65 upregulation of HG-HSPCs, as confirmed by increased RNA polymerase II engagement at gene level. The differentiation of HG-HSPCs into myeloid cells generated highly responsive monocytes, mainly composed of intermediate subsets (CD14hiCD16+), that like the cells from which they derive, were characterized by SASP features and similar epigenetic patterns at the p65 promoter. The clinical relevance of our findings was confirmed in sternal BM-derived HSPCs of T2DM patients. In line with our in vitro model, T2DM HSPCs were characterized by SASP profile and SETD7 upregulation. Additionally, they generated, after myeloid differentiation, senescent monocytes mainly composed of proinflammatory intermediates (CD14hiCD16+) characterized by H3K4me1 accumulation at NFkB-p65 promoter. CONCLUSIONS Hyperglycemia induces marked chromatin modifications in HSPCs, which, once transmitted to the cell progeny, contributes to persistent and pathogenic changes in immune cell function and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Vinci
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Via C. Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy.
| | - Sarah Costantino
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology (CTEC), Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Damiano
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Via C. Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Erica Rurali
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Via C. Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Rinaldi
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Via C. Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Vera Vigorelli
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Via C. Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Sforza
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Via C. Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Ermes Carulli
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Cliniche E Di Comunità, Università Di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Doctoral Programme in Translational Medicine, Università Di Milano, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Pirola
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Angela Raucci
- Unit of Experimental Cardio-Oncology and Cardiovascular Aging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Assam El-Osta
- Epigenetics in Human Health and Disease Program, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology (CTEC), Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Via C. Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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2
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Ha KS. Transglutaminase 2 in diabetes mellitus: Unraveling its multifaceted role and therapeutic implications for vascular complications. Theranostics 2024; 14:2329-2344. [PMID: 38646650 PMCID: PMC11024853 DOI: 10.7150/thno.95742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, a severe metabolic disease characterized by chronic hypoglycemia, poses debilitating and life-threatening risks of microvascular and macrovascular complications, including blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, and limb amputation. Addressing these complications is paramount, urging the development of interventions targeting diabetes-associated vascular dysfunctions. To effectively combat diabetes, a comprehensive understanding of the pathological mechanisms underlying complications and identification of precise therapeutic targets are imperative. Transglutaminase 2 (TGase2) is a multifunctional enzyme implicated in the pathogenesis of diverse diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, fibrosis, and inflammatory conditions. TGase2 has recently emerged as a key player in both the pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention of diabetic complications. This review highlights TGase2 as a therapeutic target for diabetic complications and explores TGase2 inhibition as a promising therapeutic approach in their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 24341, Korea
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3
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Liu R, Li L, Wang Z, Zhu J, Ji Y. Acetylated Histone Modifications: Intersection of Diabetes and Atherosclerosis. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2024; 83:207-219. [PMID: 37989137 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Worldwide, type 2 diabetes is predominant form of diabetes, and it is mainly affected by the environment. Furthermore, the offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic disorder syndrome may have a higher risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, which indicates that the environmental impact on diabetes prevalence can be transmitted across generations. In the process of diabetes onset and intergenerational transmission, the genetic structure of the individual is not directly changed but is regulated by epigenetics. In this process, genes or histones are modified, resulting in selective expression of proteins. This modification will affect not only the onset of diabetes but also the related onset of atherosclerosis. Acetylation and deacetylation may be important regulatory factors for the above lesions. Therefore, in this review, based on the whole process of atherosclerosis evolution, we explored the possible existence of acetylation/deacetylation caused by diabetes. However, because of the lack of atherosclerosis-related acetylation studies directly based on diabetic models, we also used a small number of experiments involving nondiabetic models of related molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; and
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Lu'an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, The Lu' an People's Hospital, Lu'an, China
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4
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Chamgordani MK, Bardestani A, Ebrahimpour S, Esmaeili A. In diabetic male Wistar rats, quercetin-conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have an effect on the SIRT1/p66Shc-mediated pathway related to cognitive impairment. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 24:81. [PMID: 38129872 PMCID: PMC10734159 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-023-00725-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quercetin (QC) possesses a variety of health-promoting effects in pure and in conjugation with nanoparticles. Since the mRNA-SIRT1/p66Shc pathway and microRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in the oxidative process, we aimed to compare the effects of QC and QC-conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (QCSPIONs) on this pathway. METHODS Through the use of the chemical coprecipitation technique (CPT), SPIONs were synthesized, coated with dextran, and conjugated with quercetin. Adult male Wistar rats were given intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin to look for signs of type 1 diabetes (T1D). The animals were randomized into five groups: the control group got deionized water (DI), free QC solution (25 mg/kg), SPIONs (25 mg/kg), and QCSPIONs (25 mg/kg), and all groups received repeat doses administered orally over 35 days. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to assess the levels of miR-34a, let-7a-p5, SIRT1, p66Shc, CASP3, and PARP1 expression in the hippocampus of diabetic rats. RESULTS In silico investigations identified p66Shc, CASP3, and PARP1 as targets of let-7a-5p and miR-34a as possible regulators of SIRT1 genes. The outcomes demonstrated that diabetes elevated miR-34a, p66Shc, CASP3, and PARP1 and downregulated let-7a-5p and SIRT1 expression. In contrast to the diabetic group, QCSPIONs boosted let-7a-5p expression levels and consequently lowered p66Shc, CASP3, and PARP1 expression levels. QCSPIONs also reduced miR-34a expression, which led to an upsurge in SIRT1 expression. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that QCSPIONs can regulate the SIRT1/p66Shc-mediated signaling pathway and can be considered a promising candidate for ameliorating the complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Karami Chamgordani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, P.O. Box: 8174673441, Iran
| | - Akram Bardestani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, P.O. Box: 8174673441, Iran
| | - Shiva Ebrahimpour
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, P.O. Box: 8174673441, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Esmaeili
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, P.O. Box: 8174673441, Iran.
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5
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He Y, Chen X, Liu M, Zuo L, Zhai Z, Zhou L, Li G, Chen L, Qi G, Jing C, Hao G. The potential DNA methylation markers of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:242. [PMID: 37828521 PMCID: PMC10568935 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01689-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation is associated with cardiovascular (CV) disease. However, in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients, the role of gene methylation in the development of CV disease is under-studied. We aimed to identify the CV disease-related DNA methylation loci in patients with T2D and to explore the potential pathways underlying the development of CV disease using a two-stage design. METHODS The participants were from the Jinan Diabetes Cohort Study (JNDCS), an ongoing longitudinal study designed to evaluate the development of CV risk in patients with T2D. In the discovery cohort, 10 diabetic patients with CV events at baseline were randomly selected as the case group, and another 10 diabetic patients without CV events were matched for sex, age, smoking status, and body mass index as the control group. In 1438 T2D patients without CV disease at baseline, 210 patients with CV events were identified after a mean 6.5-year follow-up. Of whom, 100 patients who experienced CV events during the follow-up were randomly selected as cases, and 100 patients who did not have CV events were randomly selected as the control group in the validation cohort. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing and Targeted Bisulfite Sequencing were used to measure the methylation profiles in the discovery and validation cohort, respectively. RESULTS In the discover cohort, 127 DMRs related to CV disease were identified in T2D patients. Further, we validated 23 DMRs mapped to 25 genes, of them, 4 genes (ARSG, PNPLA6, NEFL, and CRYGEP) for the first time were reported. There was evidence that the addition of DNA methylation data improved the prediction performance of CV disease in T2D patients. Pathway analysis identified some significant signaling pathways involved in CV comorbidities, T2D, and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we identified 23 DMRs mapped to 25 genes associated with CV disease in T2D patients, of them, 4 DMRs for the first time were reported. DNA methylation testing may help identify a high CV-risk population in T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbiao He
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Road, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Road, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingliang Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Road, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Zuo
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Road, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhai
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Road, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Long Zhou
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Road, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangzhen Li
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Road, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Guolong Qi
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Road, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Road, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chunxia Jing
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Road, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Road, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
| | - Guang Hao
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Road, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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6
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Wang H, Shi J, Wang J, Hu Y. MicroRNA‑378: An important player in cardiovascular diseases (Review). Mol Med Rep 2023; 28:172. [PMID: 37503766 PMCID: PMC10436248 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a common chronic clinical condition and is the main cause of death in humans worldwide. Understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms involved in the development of CVD is essential to develop effective prevention strategies and therapeutic measures. An increasing number of CVD‑related genetic studies have been conducted, including those on the potential roles of microRNAs (miRs). These studies have demonstrated that miR‑378 is involved in the pathological processes of CVD, including those of myocardial infarction, heart failure and coronary heart disease. Despite the potential importance of miR‑378 CVD, a comprehensive summary of the related literature is lacking. Thus, the present review aimed to summarize the findings of previous studies on the roles and mechanisms of miR‑378 in a variety of CVDs and provide an up‑to date basis for further r research targeting the prevention and treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Jiuchong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
| | - Yuanhui Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, P.R. China
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7
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Jeon HY, Moon CH, Kim EB, Sayyed ND, Lee AJ, Ha KS. Simultaneous attenuation of hyperglycemic memory-induced retinal, pulmonary, and glomerular dysfunctions by proinsulin C-peptide in diabetes. BMC Med 2023; 21:49. [PMID: 36782199 PMCID: PMC9926630 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02760-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemic memory (HGM) is a pivotal phenomenon in the development of diabetic complications. Although coincident diabetic complications are reported, research on their development and treatment is limited. Thus, we investigated whether C-peptide can simultaneously inhibit HGM-induced retinal, pulmonary, and glomerular dysfunctions in diabetic mice supplemented with insulin. METHODS Insulin-treated diabetic mice were supplemented with human C-peptide by subcutaneous implantation of K9-C-peptide depots for 4 weeks, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, transglutaminase (TGase) activity, and vascular leakage were examined in the retina, lung, and kidney. RESULTS We found hyperglycemia-induced persistent ROS generation and TGase activation after blood glucose normalization in the retina, lung, and kidney of insulin-supplemented diabetic mice. These pathological events were inhibited by systemic supplementation of human C-peptide via subcutaneous implantation of a thermosensitive biopolymer-conjugated C-peptide depot. ROS generation and TGase activation were in a vicious cycle after glucose normalization, and C-peptide suppressed the vicious cycle and subsequent endothelial permeability in human retinal endothelial cells. Moreover, C-peptide supplementation ameliorated HGM-induced retinal vascular leakage and neurodegeneration, pulmonary vascular leakage and fibrosis, and glomerular adherens junction disruption and vascular leakage. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings demonstrate that C-peptide supplementation simultaneously attenuates vascular and neuronal dysfunctions in the retina, lung, and glomerulus of insulin-supplemented diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Yoon Jeon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24341, Kangwon-Do, Korea
| | - Chan-Hee Moon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24341, Kangwon-Do, Korea
| | - Eun-Bin Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24341, Kangwon-Do, Korea
| | - Nilofar Danishmalik Sayyed
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24341, Kangwon-Do, Korea
| | - Ah-Jun Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24341, Kangwon-Do, Korea
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24341, Kangwon-Do, Korea.
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8
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Noro F, Santonastaso F, Marotta A, Bonaccio M, Orlandi S, Tirozzi A, Costanzo S, De Curtis A, Gianfagna F, Di Castelnuovo A, Brighenti F, Cerletti C, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Iacoviello L, Gialluisi A, Izzi B, de Gaetano G, Donati MB, Bonaccio M, Bonanni A, Cerletti C, Costanzo S, De Curtis A, Di Castelnuovo A, Gialluisi A, Gianfagna F, Persichillo M, Di Prospero T, Vermylen J, Pegoraro R, Spagnolo A, Assanelli D, Rago L, Costanzo S, Olivieri M, Panzera T, Di Castelnuovo A, Bonaccio M, Costanzo S, Esposito S, Gialluisi A, Gianfagna F, Orlandi S, Ruggiero E, Tirozzi A, De Curtis A, Magnacca S, Noro F, Tirozzi A, Persichillo M, Bracone F, Panzera T, Bonanni A. Association of nutritional glycaemic indices with global DNA methylation patterns: results from the Moli-sani cohort. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:189. [PMID: 36578055 PMCID: PMC9798643 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High dietary glycaemic index (GI) and load (GL) have been associated with increased risk of various cardiometabolic conditions. Among the molecular potential mechanisms underlying this relationship, DNA methylation has been studied, but a direct link between high GI and/or GL of diet and global DNA methylation levels has not been proved yet. We analyzed the associations between GI and GL and global DNA methylation patterns within an Italian population. RESULTS Genomic DNA methylation (5mC) and hydroxymethylation (5hmC) levels were measured in 1080 buffy coat samples from participants of the Moli-sani study (mean(SD) = 54.9(11.5) years; 52% women) via ELISA. A 188-item Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to assess food intake and dietary GI and GL for each participant were calculated. Multiple linear regressions were used to investigate the associations between dietary GI and GL and global 5mC and 5hmC levels, as well as the proportion of effect explained by metabolic and inflammatory markers. We found negative associations of GI with both 5mC (β (SE) = - 0.073 (0.027), p = 0.007) and 5hmC (- 0.084 (0.030), p = 0.006), and of GL with 5mC (- 0.14 (0.060), p = 0.014). Circulating biomarkers did not explain the above-mentioned associations. Gender interaction analyses revealed a significant association of the gender-x-GL interaction with 5mC levels, with men showing an inverse association three times as negative as in women (interaction β (SE) = - 0.16 (0.06), p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation patterns represent a biomarker of carbohydrate intake. Based on the differential association of GL with 5mC between men and women, further gender-based separate approaches are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizia Noro
- grid.419543.e0000 0004 1760 3561Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell’Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, IS Italy
| | - Federica Santonastaso
- grid.419543.e0000 0004 1760 3561Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell’Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, IS Italy ,grid.510779.d0000 0004 9414 6915Present Address: Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi Montalcini 1, 20157 Milan, Italy ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Present Address: European School of Molecular Medicine, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Marotta
- grid.419543.e0000 0004 1760 3561Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell’Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, IS Italy ,grid.412451.70000 0001 2181 4941Present Address: Center of Predictive Molecular Medicine, Center for Excellence on Ageing and Translational Medicine (CAST), University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marialaura Bonaccio
- grid.419543.e0000 0004 1760 3561Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell’Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, IS Italy
| | - Sabatino Orlandi
- grid.419543.e0000 0004 1760 3561Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell’Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, IS Italy
| | - Alfonsina Tirozzi
- grid.419543.e0000 0004 1760 3561Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell’Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, IS Italy
| | - Simona Costanzo
- grid.419543.e0000 0004 1760 3561Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell’Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, IS Italy
| | - Amalia De Curtis
- grid.419543.e0000 0004 1760 3561Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell’Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, IS Italy
| | - Francesco Gianfagna
- grid.18147.3b0000000121724807EPIMED Research Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy ,grid.477084.80000 0004 1787 3414Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Furio Brighenti
- grid.10383.390000 0004 1758 0937Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Cerletti
- grid.419543.e0000 0004 1760 3561Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell’Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, IS Italy
| | - Maria Benedetta Donati
- grid.419543.e0000 0004 1760 3561Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell’Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, IS Italy
| | - Giovanni de Gaetano
- grid.419543.e0000 0004 1760 3561Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell’Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, IS Italy
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- grid.419543.e0000 0004 1760 3561Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell’Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, IS Italy ,grid.18147.3b0000000121724807EPIMED Research Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gialluisi
- grid.419543.e0000 0004 1760 3561Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell’Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, IS Italy ,grid.18147.3b0000000121724807EPIMED Research Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Benedetta Izzi
- grid.419543.e0000 0004 1760 3561Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Via Dell’Elettronica, 86077 Pozzilli, IS Italy
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Lee YJ, Jeon HY, Lee AJ, Kim M, Ha KS. Dopamine ameliorates hyperglycemic memory-induced microvascular dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22643. [PMID: 36331561 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200865r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that mediates visual function in the retina and diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes and the leading cause of blindness; however, the role of dopamine in retinal vascular dysfunction in DR remains unclear. Here, we report a mechanism of hyperglycemic memory (HGM)-induced retinal microvascular dysfunction and the protective effect of dopamine against the HGM-induced retinal microvascular leakage and abnormalities. We found that HGM induced persistent oxidative stress, mitochondrial membrane potential collapse and fission, and adherens junction disassembly and subsequent vascular leakage after blood glucose normalization in the mouse retinas. These persistent hyperglycemic stresses were inhibited by dopamine treatment in human retinal endothelial cells and by intravitreal injection of levodopa in the retinas of HGM mice. Moreover, levodopa supplementation ameliorated HGM-induced pericyte degeneration, acellular capillary and pericyte ghost generation, and endothelial apoptosis in the mouse retinas. Our findings suggest that dopamine alleviates HGM-induced retinal microvascular leakage and abnormalities by inhibiting persistent oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Ju Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hye-Yoon Jeon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Ah-Jun Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
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10
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Cell-Free Filtrates (CFF) as Vectors of a Transmissible Pathologic Tissue Memory Code: A Hypothetical and Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911575. [PMID: 36232877 PMCID: PMC9570059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular memory is a controversial concept representing the ability of cells to "write and memorize" stressful experiences via epigenetic operators. The progressive course of chronic, non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer, and arteriosclerosis, is likely driven through an abnormal epigenetic reprogramming, fostering the hypothesis of a cellular pathologic memory. Accordingly, cultured diabetic and cancer patient-derived cells recall behavioral traits as when in the donor's organism irrespective to culture time and conditions. Here, we analyze the data of studies conducted by our group and led by a cascade of hypothesis, in which we aimed to validate the hypothetical existence and transmissibility of a cellular pathologic memory in diabetes, arteriosclerotic peripheral arterial disease, and cancer. These experiments were based on the administration to otherwise healthy animals of cell-free filtrates prepared from human pathologic tissue samples representative of each disease condition. The administration of each pathologic tissue homogenate consistently induced the faithful recapitulation of: (1) Diabetic archetypical changes in cutaneous arterioles and nerves. (2) Non-thrombotic arteriosclerotic thickening, collagenous arterial encroachment, aberrant angiogenesis, and vascular remodeling. (3) Pre-malignant and malignant epithelial and mesenchymal tumors in different organs; all evocative of the donor's tissue histopathology and with no barriers for interspecies transmission. We hypothesize that homogenates contain pathologic tissue memory codes represented in soluble drivers that "infiltrate" host's animal cells, and ultimately impose their phenotypic signatures. The identification and validation of the actors in behind may pave the way for future therapies.
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11
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The landscape of aging. SCIENCE CHINA LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:2354-2454. [PMID: 36066811 PMCID: PMC9446657 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2161-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive deterioration of physiological integrity, leading to impaired functional ability and ultimately increased susceptibility to death. It is a major risk factor for chronic human diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurological degeneration, and cancer. Therefore, the growing emphasis on “healthy aging” raises a series of important questions in life and social sciences. In recent years, there has been unprecedented progress in aging research, particularly the discovery that the rate of aging is at least partly controlled by evolutionarily conserved genetic pathways and biological processes. In an attempt to bring full-fledged understanding to both the aging process and age-associated diseases, we review the descriptive, conceptual, and interventive aspects of the landscape of aging composed of a number of layers at the cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organismal levels.
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12
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Mengozzi A, Costantino S, Paneni F, Duranti E, Nannipieri M, Mancini R, Lai M, La Rocca V, Puxeddu I, Antonioli L, Fornai M, Ghionzoli M, Georgiopoulos G, Ippolito C, Bernardini N, Ruschitzka F, Pugliese NR, Taddei S, Virdis* A, Masi S. Targeting SIRT1 Rescues Age- and Obesity-Induced Microvascular Dysfunction in Ex Vivo Human Vessels. Circ Res 2022; 131:476-491. [PMID: 35968712 PMCID: PMC9426744 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.320888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental evidence suggests a key role of SIRT1 (silent information regulator 1) in age- and metabolic-related vascular dysfunction. Whether these effects hold true in the human microvasculature is unknown. We aimed to investigate the SIRT1 role in very early stages of age- and obesity-related microvascular dysfunction in humans. METHODS Ninety-five subjects undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery were recruited and stratified based on their body mass index status (above or below 30 kg/m2) and age (above or below 40 years) in 4 groups: Young Nonobese, Young Obese, Old Nonobese, and Old Obese. We measured small resistance arteries' endothelial function by pressurized micromyography before and after incubation with a SIRT1 agonist (SRT1720) and a mitochondria reactive oxygen species (mtROS) scavenger (MitoTEMPO). We assessed vascular levels of mtROS and nitric oxide availability by confocal microscopy and vascular gene expression of SIRT1 and mitochondrial proteins by qPCR. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was employed to investigate SIRT1-dependent epigenetic regulation of mitochondrial proteins. RESULTS Compared with Young Nonobese, obese and older patients showed lower vascular expression of SIRT1 and antioxidant proteins (FOXO3 [forkhead box protein O3] and SOD2) and higher expression of pro-oxidant and aging mitochondria proteins p66Shc and Arginase II. Old Obese, Young Obese and Old Nonobese groups endothelial dysfunction was rescued by SRT1720. The restoration was comparable to the one obtained with mitoTEMPO. These effects were explained by SIRT1-dependent chromatin changes leading to reduced p66Shc expression and upregulation of proteins involved in mitochondria respiratory chain. CONCLUSIONS SIRT1 is a novel central modulator of the earliest microvascular damage induced by age and obesity. Through a complex epigenetic control mainly involving p66Shc and Arginase II, it influences mtROS levels, NO availability, and the expression of proteins of the mitochondria respiratory chain. Therapeutic modulation of SIRT1 restores obesity- and age-related endothelial dysfunction. Early targeting of SIRT1 might represent a crucial strategy to prevent age- and obesity-related microvascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mengozzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.M., E.D., M.N., I.P., L.A., M.F., C.I., N.B., N.R.P., S.T., A.V., S.M.), University of Pisa, Italy.,Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy (A.M., V.L.R., N.B.)
| | - Sarah Costantino
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Switzerland (S.C., F.P.)
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Switzerland (S.C., F.P.).,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center (F.P., F.R.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education (F.P.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emiliano Duranti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.M., E.D., M.N., I.P., L.A., M.F., C.I., N.B., N.R.P., S.T., A.V., S.M.), University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Monica Nannipieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.M., E.D., M.N., I.P., L.A., M.F., C.I., N.B., N.R.P., S.T., A.V., S.M.), University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Rudj Mancini
- Unit of Bariatric Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy (R.M.)
| | - Michele Lai
- Retrovirus Center and Virology Section, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.L., V.L.R.), University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Veronica La Rocca
- Retrovirus Center and Virology Section, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery (M.L., V.L.R.), University of Pisa, Italy.,Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy (A.M., V.L.R., N.B.)
| | - Ilaria Puxeddu
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.M., E.D., M.N., I.P., L.A., M.F., C.I., N.B., N.R.P., S.T., A.V., S.M.), University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.M., E.D., M.N., I.P., L.A., M.F., C.I., N.B., N.R.P., S.T., A.V., S.M.), University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.M., E.D., M.N., I.P., L.A., M.F., C.I., N.B., N.R.P., S.T., A.V., S.M.), University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Ghionzoli
- Paediatric Surgery Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital, Florence, Italy (M.G.)
| | - Georgios Georgiopoulos
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, United Kingdom (G.G.).,Department of Clinical Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece (G.G.)
| | - Chiara Ippolito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.M., E.D., M.N., I.P., L.A., M.F., C.I., N.B., N.R.P., S.T., A.V., S.M.), University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Nunzia Bernardini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.M., E.D., M.N., I.P., L.A., M.F., C.I., N.B., N.R.P., S.T., A.V., S.M.), University of Pisa, Italy.,Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy (A.M., V.L.R., N.B.)
| | - Frank Ruschitzka
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center (F.P., F.R.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Riccardo Pugliese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.M., E.D., M.N., I.P., L.A., M.F., C.I., N.B., N.R.P., S.T., A.V., S.M.), University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Taddei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.M., E.D., M.N., I.P., L.A., M.F., C.I., N.B., N.R.P., S.T., A.V., S.M.), University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Agostino Virdis*
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.M., E.D., M.N., I.P., L.A., M.F., C.I., N.B., N.R.P., S.T., A.V., S.M.), University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Masi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (A.M., E.D., M.N., I.P., L.A., M.F., C.I., N.B., N.R.P., S.T., A.V., S.M.), University of Pisa, Italy.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (S.M.)
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13
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Polymer-Based Delivery of Peptide Drugs to Treat Diabetes: Normalizing Hyperglycemia and Preventing Diabetic Complications. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-022-00057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Prandi FR, Lecis D, Illuminato F, Milite M, Celotto R, Lerakis S, Romeo F, Barillà F. Epigenetic Modifications and Non-Coding RNA in Diabetes-Mellitus-Induced Coronary Artery Disease: Pathophysiological Link and New Therapeutic Frontiers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4589. [PMID: 35562979 PMCID: PMC9105558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a glucose metabolism disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from a deficit of insulin production and/or action. DM affects more than 1 in 10 adults, and it is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for two thirds of the overall deaths in diabetic patients, with coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemic cardiomyopathy as the main contributors. Hyperglycemic damage on vascular endothelial cells leading to endothelial dysfunction represents the main initiating factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications; however, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are still not entirely understood. This review addresses the current knowledge on the pathophysiological links between DM and CAD with a focus on the role of epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and noncoding RNA control. Increased knowledge of epigenetic mechanisms has contributed to the development of new pharmacological treatments ("epidrugs") with epigenetic targets, although these approaches present several challenges. Specific epigenetic biomarkers may also be used to predict or detect the development and progression of diabetes complications. Further studies on diabetes and CAD epigenetics are needed in order to identify possible new therapeutic targets and advance personalized medicine with the prediction of individual drug responses and minimization of adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Romana Prandi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (D.L.); (F.I.); (M.M.); (R.C.); (F.B.)
- Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Dalgisio Lecis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (D.L.); (F.I.); (M.M.); (R.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Federica Illuminato
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (D.L.); (F.I.); (M.M.); (R.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Marialucia Milite
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (D.L.); (F.I.); (M.M.); (R.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Roberto Celotto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (D.L.); (F.I.); (M.M.); (R.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Stamatios Lerakis
- Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Francesco Romeo
- Department of Departmental Faculty of Medicine, Unicamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Barillà
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (D.L.); (F.I.); (M.M.); (R.C.); (F.B.)
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15
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Pothen L, Verdoy R, De Mulder D, Esfahani H, Farah C, Michel LYM, Dei Zotti F, Bearzatto B, Ambroise J, Bouzin C, Dessy C, Balligand JL. Sustained Downregulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Acta2 After Transient Angiotensin II Infusion: A New Model of "Vascular Memory". Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:854361. [PMID: 35360022 PMCID: PMC8964264 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.854361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays a critical role in the development of hypertension. Published evidence on a putative "memory effect" of AngII on the vascular components is however scarce. Aim To evaluate the long-term effects of transient exposure to AngII on the mouse heart and the arterial tissue. Methods Blood pressure, cardiovascular tissue damage and remodeling, and systemic oxidative stress were evaluated in C57/B6/J mice at the end of a 2-week AngII infusion (AngII); 2 and 3 weeks after the interruption of a 2-week AngII treatment (AngII+2W and AngII +3W; so-called "memory" conditions) and control littermate (CTRL). RNAseq profiling of aortic tissues was used to identify potential key regulated genes accounting for legacy effects on the vascular phenotype. RNAseq results were validated by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry in a reproduction cohort of mice. Key findings were reproduced in a homotypic cell culture model. Results The 2 weeks AngII infusion induced cardiac hypertrophy and aortic damage that persisted beyond AngII interruption and despite blood pressure normalization, with a sustained vascular expression of ICAM1, infiltration by CD45+ cells, and cell proliferation associated with systemic oxidative stress. RNAseq profiling in aortic tissue identified robust Acta2 downregulation at transcript and protein levels (α-smooth muscle actin) that was maintained beyond interruption of AngII treatment. Among regulators of Acta2 expression, the transcription factor Myocardin (Myocd), exhibited a similar expression pattern. The sustained downregulation of Acta2 and Myocd was associated with an increase in H3K27me3 in nuclei of aortic sections from mice in the "memory" conditions. A sustained downregulation of ACTA2 and MYOCD was reproduced in the cultured human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells upon transient exposure to Ang II. Conclusion A transient exposure to Ang II produces prolonged vascular remodeling with robust ACTA2 downregulation, associated with epigenetic imprinting supporting a "memory" effect despite stimulus withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Pothen
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roxane Verdoy
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Delphine De Mulder
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hrag Esfahani
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Farah
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lauriane Y. M. Michel
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Flavia Dei Zotti
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bertrand Bearzatto
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Centre des Technologies Moléculaires Appliquées (CTMA), Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jerome Ambroise
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Centre des Technologies Moléculaires Appliquées (CTMA), Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Imaging Platform (2IP), Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chantal Dessy
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Luc Balligand
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
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16
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Mousavi S, Khazeei Tabari MA, Bagheri A, Samieefar N, Shaterian N, Kelishadi R. The Role of p66Shc in Diabetes: A Comprehensive Review from Bench to Bedside. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:7703520. [PMID: 36465704 PMCID: PMC9715346 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7703520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-documented that diabetes is an inflammatory and oxidative disease, with an escalating global burden. Still, there is no definite treatment for diabetes or even prevention of its harmful complications. Therefore, understanding the molecular pathways associated with diabetes might help in finding a solution. p66Shc is a member of Shc family proteins, and it is considered as an oxidative stress sensor and regulator in cells. There are inconsistent data about the role of p66Shc in inducing diabetes, but accumulating evidence supports its role in the pathogenesis of diabetes-related complications, including macro and microangiopathies. There is growing hope that by understanding and targeting molecular pathways involved in this network, prevention of diabetes or its complications would be achievable. This review provides an overview about the role of p66Shc in the development of diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeyedehFatemeh Mousavi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- USERN Office, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Khazeei Tabari
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran
- USERN Office, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Alireza Bagheri
- USERN Office, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Noosha Samieefar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- USERN Office, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Shaterian
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
- USERN Office, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- USERN Office, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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17
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Zhan J, Chen C, Wang DW, Li H. Hyperglycemic memory in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Front Med 2021; 16:25-38. [PMID: 34921674 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-021-0881-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases account for approximately 80% of deaths among individuals with diabetes mellitus, with diabetic cardiomyopathy as the major diabetic cardiovascular complication. Hyperglycemia is a symptom that abnormally activates multiple downstream pathways and contributes to cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, apoptosis, and other pathophysiological changes. Although glycemic control has long been at the center of diabetes therapy, multicenter randomized clinical studies have revealed that intensive glycemic control fails to reduce heart failure-associated hospitalization and mortality in patients with diabetes. This finding indicates that hyperglycemic stress persists in the cardiovascular system of patients with diabetes even if blood glucose level is tightly controlled to the normal level. This process is now referred to as hyperglycemic memory (HGM) phenomenon. We briefly reviewed herein the current advances that have been achieved in research on the underlying mechanisms of HGM in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabing Zhan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Huaping Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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18
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Mengozzi A, Pugliese NR, Taddei S, Masi S, Virdis A. Microvascular Inflammation and Cardiovascular Prevention: The Role of Microcirculation as Earlier Determinant of Cardiovascular Risk. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2021; 29:41-48. [PMID: 34855153 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-021-00493-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare systems encumbered by cardiovascular diseases demand adequate cardiovascular prevention. Indeed, even with the most novel therapies, the residual cardiovascular risk still fuels morbidity and mortality. Addressing inflammation as a putative mediator of this risk has brought along promising in vitro results, though large clinical trials have only in part confirmed them. To fully exploit the therapeutic potential between the inflammatory hypothesis, a change of viewpoint is required. Focus on microcirculation, whose dysfunction is the primary driver of cardiometabolic disease, is mandatory. Several factors play a pivotal role in the capacity of microvascular inflammation to promote a health-to-disease transition: the adipose tissue (in particular, perivascular and epicardial), the mitochondria function, the hyperglycemic damage and their epigenetic signature. Indeed, the low-grade inflammatory response, which is now an acknowledged hallmark of cardiometabolic disease, is promoted by these mediators and leaves a permanent epigenetic scar on the microvasculature. Even if a more profound knowledge about the mechanisms of metabolic memory has been brought to light by recent evidence, we still have to fully understand its mechanisms and clinical potential. Addressing the detrimental role of inflammation by targeting the microvascular phenotype and leveraging epigenetics is the road down which we must go to achieve satisfactory cardiovascular prevention, ultimately leading to disease-free ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mengozzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Institute of Life Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Taddei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Masi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Agostino Virdis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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19
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Mengozzi A, Pugliese NR, Chiriacò M, Masi S, Virdis A, Taddei S. Microvascular Ageing Links Metabolic Disease to Age-Related Disorders: The Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Promoting Microvascular Dysfunction. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:S78-S87. [PMID: 34840260 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Longer life span and increased prevalence of chronic, noncommunicable, inflammatory diseases fuel cardiovascular mortality. The microcirculation is central in the cross talk between ageing, inflammation, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases. Microvascular dysfunction, characterized by alteration in the microvascular endothelial function and wall structure, is described in an increasing number of chronic age-associated diseases, suggesting that it might be a marker of ageing superior to chronological age. The aim of this review is to thoroughly explore the connections between microvascular dysfunction, ageing, and metabolic disorders by detailing the major role played by inflammation and oxidative stress in their evolution. Older age, hypertension, nutrient abundance, and hyperglycemia concur in the induction of a persistent low-grade inflammatory response, defined as meta-inflammation or inflammageing. This increases the local generation of reactive oxygen species that further impairs endothelial function and amplifies the local inflammatory response. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of many age-related diseases. The alterations of mitochondrial function promote irreversible modification in microvascular structure. The interest in the hypothesis of chronic inflammation at the center of the ageing process lies in its therapeutic implications. Inhibition of specific inflammatory pathways has been shown to lower the risk of many age-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease. However, the whole architecture of the inflammatory response underpinning the ageing process and its impact on the burden of age-related diseases remain to be fully elucidated. Additional studies are needed to unravel the connection between these biological pathways and to address their therapeutic power in terms of cardiovascular prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mengozzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Life Sciences, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy ; and
| | | | - Martina Chiriacò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Masi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Agostino Virdis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Taddei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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20
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Pothen L, Balligand JL. Legacy in Cardiovascular Risk Factors Control: From Theory to Future Therapeutic Strategies? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111849. [PMID: 34829720 PMCID: PMC8614708 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In medicine, a legacy effect is defined as the sustained beneficial effect of a given treatment on disease outcomes, even after cessation of the intervention. Initially described in optimized control of diabetes, it was also observed in clinical trials exploring intensification strategies for other cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension or hypercholesterolemia. Mechanisms of legacy were particularly deciphered in diabetes, leading to the concept of metabolic memory. In a more discreet manner, other memory phenomena were also described in preclinical studies that demonstrated long-lasting deleterious effects of lipids or angiotensin II on vascular wall components. Interestingly, epigenetic changes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) appear to be common features of “memory” of the vascular wall.
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21
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Wang YJ, Paneni F, Stein S, Matter CM. Modulating Sirtuin Biology and Nicotinamide Adenine Diphosphate Metabolism in Cardiovascular Disease-From Bench to Bedside. Front Physiol 2021; 12:755060. [PMID: 34712151 PMCID: PMC8546231 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.755060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT1–7) comprise a family of highly conserved deacetylases with distribution in different subcellular compartments. Sirtuins deacetylate target proteins depending on one common substrate, nicotinamide adenine diphosphate (NAD+), thus linking their activities to the status of cellular energy metabolism. Sirtuins had been linked to extending life span and confer beneficial effects in a wide array of immune-metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT6 have been shown to provide protective effects in various cardiovascular disease models, by decreasing inflammation, improving metabolic profiles or scavenging oxidative stress. Sirtuins may be activated collectively by increasing their co-substrate NAD+. By supplementing NAD+ precursors, NAD+ boosters confer pan-sirtuin activation with protective cardiometabolic effects in the experimental setting: they improve endothelial dysfunction, protect from experimental heart failure, hypertension and decrease progression of liver steatosis. Different precursor molecules were applied ranging from nicotinamide (NAM), nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) to nicotinamide riboside (NR). Notably, not all experimental results showed protective effects. Moreover, the results are not as striking in clinical studies as in the controlled experimental setting. Species differences, (lack of) genetic heterogeneity, different metabolic pathways, dosing, administration routes and disease contexts may account for these challenges in clinical translation. At the clinical scale, caloric restriction can reduce the risks of cardiovascular disease and raise NAD+ concentration and sirtuin expression. In addition, antidiabetic drugs such as metformin or SGLT2 inhibitors may confer cardiovascular protection, indirectly via sirtuin activation. Overall, additional mechanistic insight and clinical studies are needed to better understand the beneficial effects of sirtuin activation and NAD+ boosters from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Wang
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sokrates Stein
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christian M Matter
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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22
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Jelinek HF, Helf C, Khalaf K. Human SHC-transforming protein 1 and its isoforms p66shc: A novel marker for prediabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:1881-1889. [PMID: 33759377 PMCID: PMC8504898 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Prediabetes is a multifactorial condition. Current guidelines for diabetes screening recommend either the use of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), or blood glucose level (BGL). This research aimed to identify if p66shc a component of the Human SHC-Transforming Protein 1 (Shc1), a mitochondrial associated oxidative stress biomarker, is significantly altered in patients with elevated BGL. Furthermore, we evaluated if inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, such as p66shc, are a useful addition to the regularly used biomarkers to increase sensitivity for identification of prediabetes. METHODS All participants attended the Diabetic Health Screening at Charles Sturt University (CSU), Australia. The cross-sectional clinical study collected demographic and clinical variables from 346 participants and classified into control or prediabetes based on fasting BGL. Blood and urine samples were analyzed for oxidative stress and inflammation markers. Logistic regression was used to compare multidimensional diagnostic models for prediabetes, including p66shc/Shc1, to the current HbA1c-only model in terms of sensitivity, specificity and predictive accuracy. Significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS A significant decrease of p66shc/Shc1 was determined in prediabetes compared to controls (P ≤ 0.05). HbA1c testing resulted in an accuracy of 62%, while adding p66shc and triglycerides increased predictive accuracy to 88.05%. When HbA1c was omitted and Shc1 was combined with 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1), a predictive accuracy of 89.5% was achieved. CONCLUSION Our findings showed a major improvement of sensitivity to identify prediabetes by including oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers underlining beneficial diagnostic information, which most likely improves prevention and early treatment options in prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert F Jelinek
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringKhalifa UniversityAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
- Health Engineering Innovation CenterKhalifa UniversityAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
- Biotechnology CenterKhalifa UniversityAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | | | - Kinda Khalaf
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringKhalifa UniversityAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
- Health Engineering Innovation CenterKhalifa UniversityAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
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23
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Li G, Liu H, Feng R, Kang TS, Wang W, Ko CN, Wong CY, Ye M, Ma DL, Wan JB, Leung CH. A bioactive ligand-conjugated iridium(III) metal-based complex as a Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction inhibitor against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury. Redox Biol 2021; 48:102129. [PMID: 34526248 PMCID: PMC8710994 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatotoxicity caused by an overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) is the leading reason for acute drug-related liver failure. Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a protein that helps to regulate redox homeostasis and coordinate stress responses via binding to the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). Targeting the Keap1-Nrf2 interaction has recently emerged as a potential strategy to alleviate liver injury caused by APAP. Here, we designed and synthesized a number of iridium (III) and rhodium (III) complexes bearing ligands with reported activity against oxidative stress, which is associated with Nrf2 transcriptional activation. The iridium (III) complex 1 bearing a bioactive ligand 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline and 4-chloro-2-phenylquinoline, a derivative of the bioactive ligand 2-phenylquinoline, was identified as a direct small-molecule inhibitor of the Keap1–Nrf2 protein-protein interaction. 1 could stabilize Keap1 protein, upregulate HO-1 and NQO1, and promote Nrf2 nuclear translocation in normal liver cells. Moreover, 1 reversed APAP-induced liver damage by disrupting Keap1–Nrf2 interaction and without inducing organ damage and immunotoxicity in mice. Our study demonstrates the identification of a selective and efficacious antagonist of Keap1–Nrf2 interaction possessed good cellular permeability in cellulo and ideal pharmacokinetic parameters in vivo, and, more importantly, validates the feasibility of conjugating metal complexes with bioactive ligands to generate metal-based drug leads as non-toxic Keap1–Nrf2 interaction inhibitors for treating APAP-induced acute liver injury. 1 reversed APAP-induced liver damage by disrupting Keap1–Nrf2 interaction without inducing organ damage or immunotoxicity. Complex 1 possessed good cellular permeability in cellulo and ideal pharmacokinetic parameters in vivo. Conjugating metal complexes with bioactive ligands opens a novel avenue for the treatment of APAP-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ruibing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Tian-Shu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wanhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Chung-Nga Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun-Yuen Wong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
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24
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Wang S, Hu S, Mao Y. The mechanisms of vascular aging. Aging Med (Milton) 2021; 4:153-158. [PMID: 34250433 PMCID: PMC8251869 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular senescence is one of the hotspots in current research. With global average life expectancy increasing, delaying or reducing aging and age-related diseases has become a pressing issue for improving quality of life. Vascular senescence is an independent risk factor for age-related cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and results in the deterioration of CVD. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms of the vascular senescence have not been expressly illustrated. In this review, we attempt to summarize the recent literature in the field and discuss the major mechanisms involved in vascular senescence. We also underline key molecular aspects of aging-associated vascular dysfunction in the attempt to highlight potential innovative therapeutic targets to delay the onset of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Song Hu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Yongjun Mao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Qingdao China
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25
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Mohammed I, Hollenberg MD, Ding H, Triggle CR. A Critical Review of the Evidence That Metformin Is a Putative Anti-Aging Drug That Enhances Healthspan and Extends Lifespan. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:718942. [PMID: 34421827 PMCID: PMC8374068 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.718942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The numerous beneficial health outcomes associated with the use of metformin to treat patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), together with data from pre-clinical studies in animals including the nematode, C. elegans, and mice have prompted investigations into whether metformin has therapeutic utility as an anti-aging drug that may also extend lifespan. Indeed, clinical trials, including the MILES (Metformin In Longevity Study) and TAME (Targeting Aging with Metformin), have been designed to assess the potential benefits of metformin as an anti-aging drug. Preliminary analysis of results from MILES indicate that metformin may induce anti-aging transcriptional changes; however it remains controversial as to whether metformin is protective in those subjects free of disease. Furthermore, despite clinical use for over 60 years as an anti-diabetic drug, the cellular mechanisms by which metformin exerts either its actions remain unclear. In this review, we have critically evaluated the literature that has investigated the effects of metformin on aging, healthspan and lifespan in humans as well as other species. In preparing this review, particular attention has been placed on the strength and reproducibility of data and quality of the study protocols with respect to the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of metformin. We conclude that despite data in support of anti-aging benefits, the evidence that metformin increases lifespan remains controversial. However, via its ability to reduce early mortality associated with various diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cognitive decline and cancer, metformin can improve healthspan thereby extending the period of life spent in good health. Based on the available evidence we conclude that the beneficial effects of metformin on aging and healthspan are primarily indirect via its effects on cellular metabolism and result from its anti-hyperglycemic action, enhancing insulin sensitivity, reduction of oxidative stress and protective effects on the endothelium and vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Mohammed
- Department of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Al-Rayyan, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Chris R. Triggle, ; Ibrahim Mohammed,
| | - Morley D. Hollenberg
- Inflammation Research Network and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Hong Ding
- Department of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Al-Rayyan, Qatar
- Departments of Medical Education and Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Al-Rayyan, Qatar
| | - Chris R. Triggle
- Department of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Al-Rayyan, Qatar
- Departments of Medical Education and Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Al-Rayyan, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Chris R. Triggle, ; Ibrahim Mohammed,
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26
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Meng T, Qin W, Liu B. SIRT1 Antagonizes Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Vascular Complication. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:568861. [PMID: 33304318 PMCID: PMC7701141 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.568861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic mellitus (DM) is a significant public health concern worldwide with an increased incidence of morbidity and mortality, which is particularly due to the diabetic vascular complications. Several pivotal underlying mechanisms are associated with vascular complications, including hyperglycemia, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and most importantly, oxidative stress. Oxidative stress triggers defective angiogenesis, activates pro-inflammatory pathways and causes long-lasting epigenetic changes to facilitate the development of vascular complications. Therefore, therapeutic interventions targeting oxidative stress are promising to manage diabetic vascular complications. Sirtuin1 (SIRT1), a class III histone deacetylase belonging to the sirtuin family, plays critical roles in regulating metabolism and ageing-related pathological conditions, such as vascular diseases. Growing evidence has indicated that SIRT1 acts as a sensing regulator in response to oxidative stress and attenuates vascular dysfunction via cooperating with adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to activate antioxidant signals through various downstream effectors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma co-activator 1 (PGC-1α), forkhead transcription factors (FOXOs), and peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor α (PPARα). In addition, SIRT1 interacts with hydrogen sulfide (H2S), regulates NADPH oxidase, endothelial NO synthase, and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) to suppress oxidative stress. Furthermore, mRNA expression of sirt1 is affected by microRNAs in DM. In the current review, we summarize recent advances illustrating the importance of SIRT1 in antagonizing oxidative stress. We also discuss whether modulation of SIRT1 can serve as a therapeutic strategy to treat diabetic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Meng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention, National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), Medical Research Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weifeng Qin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention, National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), Medical Research Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baohua Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention, National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), Medical Research Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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27
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Djordjevic DB, Koracevic G, Djordjevic AD, Lovic DB. Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Clinical and Metabolic Approach. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2020; 19:487-498. [PMID: 33143612 DOI: 10.2174/1570161119999201102213214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Having in mind that diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity are some of the greatest health challenges of the modern era, diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is becoming more and more recognized in clinical practice. Main Text: Initially, DM is asymptomatic, but it may progress to diastolic and then systolic left ventricular dysfunction, which results in congestive heart failure. A basic feature of this DM complication is the absence of hemodynamically significant stenosis of the coronary blood vessels. Clinical manifestations are the result of several metabolic disorders that are present during DM progression. The complexity of metabolic processes, along with numerous regulatory mechanisms, has been the subject of research that aims at discovering new diagnostic (e.g. myocardial strain with echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance) and treatment options. Adequate glycaemic control is not sufficient to prevent or reduce the progression of DCM. Contemporary hypoglycemic medications, such as sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors, significantly reduce the frequency of cardiovascular complications in patients with DM. Several studies have shown that, unlike the above-stated medications, thiazolidinediones and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors are associated with deterioration of heart failure. CONCLUSION Imaging procedures, especially myocardial strain with echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance, are useful to identify the early signs of DCM. Research and studies regarding new treatment options are still "in progress".
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan B Djordjevic
- Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Bulevar Dr. Zoran Djindjic 8, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Goran Koracevic
- Clinical Center Nis, Bulevar Dr. Zoran Djindjic 48, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | | | - Dragan B Lovic
- Clinic for Internal Diseases Intermedica, Singidunum University Nis, Jovana Ristica 20/III-2, 1800 Nis, United States
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28
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Aβ-Induced Damage Memory in hCMEC/D3 Cells Mediated by Sirtuin-1. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218226. [PMID: 33153131 PMCID: PMC7662699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well accepted by the scientific community that the accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) may be involved in endothelial dysfunction during Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression; however, anti-Aβ anti-bodies, which remove Aβ plaques, do not improve cerebrovascular function in AD animal models. The reasons for these paradoxical results require investigation. We hypothesized that Aβ exposure may cause persistent damage to cerebral endothelial cells even after Aβ is removed (referred to as cerebrovascular endothelial damage memory). In this study, we aimed to investigate whether cerebrovascular endothelial damage memory exists in endothelial cells. hCMEC/D3 cells were treated with Aβ1–42 for 12 h and then Aβ1–42 was withdrawn for another 12 h incubation to investigate whether cerebrovascular endothelial damage memory exists in endothelial cells. A mechanism-based kinetics progression model was developed to investigate the dynamic characters of the cerebrovascular endothelial damage. After Aβ1–42 was removed, the sirt-1 levels returned to normal but the cell vitality did not improve, which suggests that cerebrovascular endothelial damage memory may exist in endothelial cells. Sirt-1 activator SRT2104 and NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) supplement may dose-dependently relieve the cerebrovascular endothelial damage memory. sirt-1 inhibitor EX527 may exacerbate the cerebrovascular endothelial damage memory. Kinetics analysis suggested that sirt-1 is involved in initiating the cerebrovascular endothelial damage memory; otherwise, NAD+ exhaustion plays a vital role in maintaining the cerebrovascular endothelial damage memory. This study provides a novel feature of cerebrovascular endothelial damage induced by Aβ.
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29
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Ambrosini S, Mohammed SA, Costantino S, Paneni F. Disentangling the epigenetic landscape in cardiovascular patients: a path toward personalized medicine. Minerva Cardiol Angiol 2020; 69:331-345. [PMID: 32996305 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5683.20.05326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in our understanding of cardiovascular disease (CVD) we are still far from having developed breakthrough strategies to combat coronary atherosclerosis and heart failure, which account for most of CV deaths worldwide. Available cardiovascular therapies have failed to show to be equally effective in all patients, suggesting that inter-individual diversity is an important factor when it comes to conceive and deliver effective personalized treatments. Genome mapping has proved useful in identifying patients who could benefit more from specific drugs depending on genetic variances; however, our genetic make-up determines only a limited part of an individual's risk profile. Recent studies have demonstrated that epigenetic changes - defined as dynamic changes of DNA and histones which do not affect DNA sequence - are key players in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease and may participate to delineate cardiovascular risk trajectories over the lifetime. Epigenetic modifications include changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs and these epigenetic signals have shown to cooperate in modulating chromatin accessibility to transcription factors and gene expression. Environmental factors such as air pollution, smoking, psychosocial context, and unhealthy diet regimens have shown to significantly modify the epigenome thus leading to altered transcriptional programs and CVD phenotypes. Therefore, the integration of genetic and epigenetic information might be invaluable to build individual maps of cardiovascular risk and hence, could be employed for the design of customized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In the present review, we discuss the growing importance of epigenetic information and its putative implications in cardiovascular precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Ambrosini
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shafeeq A Mohammed
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Costantino
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland - .,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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30
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Budbazar E, Rodriguez F, Sanchez JM, Seta F. The Role of Sirtuin-1 in the Vasculature: Focus on Aortic Aneurysm. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1047. [PMID: 32982786 PMCID: PMC7477329 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin-1 (SirT1) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase and the best characterized member of the sirtuins family in mammalians. Sirtuin-1 shuttles between the cytoplasm and the nucleus, where it deacetylates histones and non-histone proteins involved in a plethora of cellular processes, including survival, growth, metabolism, senescence, and stress resistance. In this brief review, we summarize the current knowledge on the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-senescence effects of SirT1 with an emphasis on vascular diseases. Specifically, we describe recent research advances on SirT1-mediated molecular mechanisms in aortic aneurysm (AA), and how these processes relate to oxidant stress and the heme-oxygenase (HO) system. HO-1 and HO-2 catalyze the rate-limiting step of cellular heme degradation and, similar to SirT1, HO-1 exerts beneficial effects in the vasculature through the activation of anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-proliferative signaling pathways. SirT1 and HO-1 are part of an integrated system for cellular stress tolerance, and may positively interact to regulate vascular function. We further discuss sex differences in HO-1 and SirT1 activity or expression, and the potential interactions between the two proteins, in relation to the progression and severity of AA, as well as the ongoing efforts for translational applications of SirT1 activation and HO-1 induction in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases including AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enkhjargal Budbazar
- Vascular Biology Section, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Francisca Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Biomedical Research Institute in Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - José M Sanchez
- Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Biomedical Research Institute in Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Francesca Seta
- Vascular Biology Section, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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Vigorelli V, Resta J, Bianchessi V, Lauri A, Bassetti B, Agrifoglio M, Pesce M, Polvani G, Bonalumi G, Cavallotti L, Alamanni F, Genovese S, Pompilio G, Vinci MC. Abnormal DNA Methylation Induced by Hyperglycemia Reduces CXCR 4 Gene Expression in CD 34 + Stem Cells. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 8:e010012. [PMID: 31018749 PMCID: PMC6512087 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background CD 34+ stem/progenitor cells are involved in vascular homeostasis and in neovascularization of ischemic tissues. The number of circulating CD 34+ stem cells is a predictive biomarker of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients. Here, we provide evidence that hyperglycemia can be "memorized" by the stem cells through epigenetic changes that contribute to onset and maintenance of their dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. Methods and Results Cord-blood-derived CD 34+ stem cells exposed to high glucose displayed increased reactive oxygen species production, overexpression of p66shc gene, and downregulation of antioxidant genes catalase and manganese superoxide dismutase when compared with normoglycemic cells. This altered oxidative state was associated with impaired migration ability toward stromal-cell-derived factor 1 alpha and reduced protein and mRNA expression of the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 ( CXCR 4) receptor. The methylation analysis by bisulfite Sanger sequencing of the CXCR 4 promoter revealed a significant increase in DNA methylation density in high-glucose CD 34+ stem cells that negatively correlated with mRNA expression (Pearson r=-0.76; P=0.004). Consistently, we found, by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, a more transcriptionally inactive chromatin conformation and reduced RNA polymerase II engagement on the CXCR 4 promoter. Notably, alteration of CXCR 4 DNA methylation, as well as transcriptional and functional defects, persisted in high-glucose CD 34+ stem cells despite recovery in normoglycemic conditions. Importantly, such an epigenetic modification was thoroughly confirmed in bone marrow CD 34+ stem cells isolated from sternal biopsies of diabetic patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery. Conclusions CD 34+ stem cells "memorize" the hyperglycemic environment in the form of epigenetic modifications that collude to alter CXCR 4 receptor expression and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Alamanni
- 1 IRCCS Centro Cardiologico Monzino Milan Italy.,3 Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health Università degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy
| | | | - Giulio Pompilio
- 1 IRCCS Centro Cardiologico Monzino Milan Italy.,3 Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health Università degli Studi di Milano Milan Italy
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New Mechanisms of Vascular Dysfunction in Cardiometabolic Patients: Focus on Epigenetics. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2020; 27:363-371. [PMID: 32740853 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-020-00400-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic processing takes centre stage in cardiometabolic diseases (obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, hypertension), where it participates in adiposity, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, vascular insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Epigenetic modifications, defined as heritable changes in gene expression that do not entail mutation in the DNA sequence, are mainly induced by environmental stimuli (stress, pollution, cigarette smoking) and are gaining considerable interest due to their causal role in cardiovascular disease, and their amenability to pharmacological intervention. Importantly, epigenetic modifications acquired during life can be transmitted to the offspring and exert their biological effects across multiple generations. Indeed, such transgenerational transmission of epigenetic signals may contribute to anticipating cardiovascular and metabolic disease phenotypes already in children and young adults. A deeper understanding of environmental factors and their effects on the epigenetic machinery and transcriptional programs is warranted to develop effective mechanism-based therapeutic strategies. The clinical application of epigenetic drugs-also known as "epi-drugs"-is currently exploding in the field of cardiovascular disease. The present review describes the main epigenetic networks underlying cardiometabolic alterations and sheds light on specific points of intervention for pharmacological reprogramming in this setting.
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Veloso CD, Belew GD, Ferreira LL, Grilo LF, Jones JG, Portincasa P, Sardão VA, Oliveira PJ. A Mitochondrial Approach to Cardiovascular Risk and Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:3175-3194. [PMID: 31470786 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190830163735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading risk factor for mortality worldwide and the number of CVDs victims is predicted to rise through 2030. While several external parameters (genetic, behavioral, environmental and physiological) contribute to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; intrinsic metabolic and functional determinants such as insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, inflammation, high blood pressure and dyslipidemia are considered to be dominant factors. METHODS Pubmed searches were performed using different keywords related with mitochondria and cardiovascular disease and risk. In vitro, animal and human results were extracted from the hits obtained. RESULTS High cardiac energy demand is sustained by mitochondrial ATP production, and abnormal mitochondrial function has been associated with several lifestyle- and aging-related pathologies in the developed world such as diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and kidney diseases, that in turn can lead to cardiac injury. In order to delay cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of cardiovascular risk, regular physical activity has been shown to improve mitochondrial parameters and myocardial tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion (IR). Furthermore, pharmacological interventions can prevent the risk of CVDs. Therapeutic agents that can target mitochondria, decreasing ROS production and improve its function have been intensively researched. One example is the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ10, which already showed beneficial effects in hypertensive rat models. Carvedilol or antidiabetic drugs also showed protective effects by preventing cardiac mitochondrial oxidative damage. CONCLUSION This review highlights the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in CVDs, also show-casing several approaches that act by improving mitochondrial function in the heart, contributing to decrease some of the risk factors associated with CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline D Veloso
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Getachew D Belew
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Luciana L Ferreira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Luís F Grilo
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - John G Jones
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Vilma A Sardão
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
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Costantino S, Mohammed SA, Ambrosini S, Paneni F. The vascular epigenome in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes: opportunities for personalized therapies. VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 2:H19-H28. [PMID: 32923971 PMCID: PMC7439922 DOI: 10.1530/vb-20-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Our genetic background provides limited information on individual risk of developing vascular complications overtime. New biological layers, namely epigenetic modifications, are now emerging as potent regulators of gene expression thus leading to altered transcriptional programs and vascular disease phenotypes. Such epigenetic modifications, defined as changes to the genome that do not involve changes in DNA sequence, are generally induced by environmental factors and poor lifestyle habits. Of note, adverse epigenetic signals acquired during life can be transmitted to the offspring thus leading to premature alterations of the epigenetic and transcriptional landscape eventually leading to early endothelial dysfunction and vascular senescence. Modifications of the epigenome play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of cardiometabolic disturbances such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. In these patients, changes of DNA methylation and chromatin structure contribute to alter pathways regulating insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis, adipogenesis and vascular function. In this perspective, unveiling the 'epigenetic landscape' in cardiometabolic patients may help to identify new players implicated in obesity and diabetes-related vascular dysfunction and may pave the way for personalized therapies in this setting. In the present review, we discuss current knowledge of the epigenetic routes implicated in vascular damage and cardiovascular disease in patients with metabolic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Costantino
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Shafeeq A Mohammed
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Samuele Ambrosini
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Mohammed SA, Ambrosini S, Lüscher T, Paneni F, Costantino S. Epigenetic Control of Mitochondrial Function in the Vasculature. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:28. [PMID: 32195271 PMCID: PMC7064473 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular signatures of epigenetic regulation and chromatin architecture are emerging as pivotal regulators of mitochondrial function. Recent studies unveiled a complex intersection among environmental factors, epigenetic signals, and mitochondrial metabolism, ultimately leading to alterations of vascular phenotype and increased cardiovascular risk. Changing environmental conditions over the lifetime induce covalent and post-translational chemical modification of the chromatin template which sensitize the genome to establish new transcriptional programs and, hence, diverse functional states. On the other hand, metabolic alterations occurring in mitochondria affect the availability of substrates for chromatin-modifying enzymes, thus leading to maladaptive epigenetic signatures altering chromatin accessibility and gene transcription. Indeed, several components of the epigenetic machinery require intermediates of cellular metabolism (ATP, AcCoA, NADH, α-ketoglutarate) for enzymatic function. In the present review, we describe the emerging role of epigenetic modifications as fine tuners of gene transcription in mitochondrial dysfunction and vascular disease. Specifically, the following aspects are described in detail: (i) mitochondria and vascular function, (ii) mitochondrial ROS, (iii) epigenetic regulation of mitochondrial function; (iv) the role of mitochondrial metabolites as key effectors for chromatin-modifying enzymes; (v) epigenetic therapies. Understanding epigenetic routes may pave the way for new approaches to develop personalized therapies to prevent mitochondrial insufficiency and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafeeq A Mohammed
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samuele Ambrosini
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Research, Education and Development, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospital Trust and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Costantino
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Wang D, Wang T, Wang R, Zhang X, Wang L, Xiang Z, Zhuang L, Shen S, Wang H, Gao Q, Wang Y. Suppression of p66Shc prevents hyperandrogenism-induced ovarian oxidative stress and fibrosis. J Transl Med 2020; 18:84. [PMID: 32066482 PMCID: PMC7027222 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02249-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rats with hyperandrogen-induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have been shown to develop ovarian oxidative stress (OS) and fibrosis. The Sirt1 agonist, resveratrol, can reduce OS through inhibiting p66Shc in other models of OS. Methods We created a rat PCOS model with increased OS levels following treatment with one of the two androgens, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). The PCOS related features were determined by measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels or by examining the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels using the DCF-DA probe. The potential mechanisms by which p66Shc/Sirt1 mediates ovarian fibrosis were explored by western blotting, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, immunofluorescence staining, and immunohistochemistry. Results Hyperandrogen dramatically augmented OS and activation of fibrotic factors in the ovary. Our data demonstrated that treatment with resveratrol enhanced Sirt1 and decreased ovarian OS as well as inhibited phosphorylation of p66Shc both in vivo and in vitro. The treatment suppressed fibrotic factor activation and improved ovarian morphology. Lentivirus- or siRNA-mediated p66Shc knockdown resulted in a dramatic enhancement of Sirt1 expression, down-regulation of ROS and suppression of fibrotic factors in granulosa cells. Moreover, p66Shc overexpression markedly increased the expression of fibrotic factors. Additionally, silencing Sirt1 induced a dramatic increase in p66Shc and enhanced activation of fibrotic factors. Conclusions p66Shc may be a direct target of Sirt1 for inducing ROS and thus promoting fibrosis. Further exploration of the mechanisms of p66Shc in both fibrosis and OS may provide novel therapeutic strategies that will facilitate the improvement in PCOS symptoms and reproductive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daojuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytacal Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Tingyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytacal Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytacal Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xinlin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytacal Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zou Xiang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lingjia Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytacal Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shanmei Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytacal Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Qian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytacal Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytacal Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
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Abstract
Background Organisms can be primed by metabolic exposures to continue expressing response genes even once the metabolite is no longer available, and can affect the speed and magnitude of responsive gene expression during subsequent exposures. This “metabolic transcriptional memory” can have a profound impact on the survivability of organisms in fluctuating environments. Scope of review Here I present several examples of metabolic transcriptional memory in the microbial world and discuss what is known so far regarding the underlying mechanisms, which mainly focus on chromatin modifications, protein inheritance, and broad changes in metabolic network. From these lessons learned in microbes, some insights into the yet understudied human metabolic memory can be gained. I thus discuss the implications of metabolic memory in disease progression in humans – i.e., the memory of high blood sugar exposure and the resulting effects on diabetic complications. Major conclusions Carbon source shifts from glucose to other less preferred sugars such as lactose, galactose, and maltose for energy metabolism as well as starvation of a signal transduction precursor sugar inositol are well-studied examples of metabolic transcriptional memory in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Although the specific factors guiding metabolic transcriptional memory are not necessarily conserved from microbes to humans, the same basic mechanisms are in play, as is observed in hyperglycemic memory. Exploration of new metabolic transcriptional memory systems as well as further detailed mechanistic analyses of known memory contexts in microbes is therefore central to understanding metabolic memory in humans, and may be of relevance for the successful treatment of the ever-growing epidemic of diabetes. Metabolic exposures can prime genes to have memory. Memory of carbon source shifts occurs in all kingdoms of life. Memory is maintained through multiple mechanisms including chromatin modifications, proteins, and metabolic network. Metabolic transcriptional memory in unicellular organisms is a part of “bet-hedging” strategies to ensure survival. Hyperglycemic memory in humans contributes to diabetes and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Bheda
- Institute of Functional Epigenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Souto SB, Campos JR, Fangueiro JF, Silva AM, Cicero N, Lucarini M, Durazzo A, Santini A, Souto EB. Multiple Cell Signalling Pathways of Human Proinsulin C-Peptide in Vasculopathy Protection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E645. [PMID: 31963760 PMCID: PMC7013900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A major hallmark of diabetes is a constant high blood glucose level (hyperglycaemia), resulting in endothelial dysfunction. Transient or prolonged hyperglycemia can cause diabetic vasculopathy, a secondary systemic damage. C-Peptide is a product of cleavage of proinsulin by a serine protease that occurs within the pancreatic β-cells, being secreted in similar amounts as insulin. The biological activity of human C-peptide is instrumental in the prevention of diabetic neuropathy, nephropathy and other vascular complications. The main feature of type 1 diabetes mellitus is the lack of insulin and of C-peptide, but the progressive β-cell loss is also observed in later stage of type 2 diabetes mellitus. C-peptide has multifaceted effects in animals and diabetic patients due to the activation of multiple cell signalling pathways, highlighting p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½, Akt, as well as endothelial nitric oxide production. Recent works highlight the role of C-peptide in the prevention and amelioration of diabetes and also in organ-specific complications. Benefits of C-peptide in microangiopathy and vasculopathy have been shown through conservation of vascular function, and also in the prevention of endothelial cell death, microvascular permeability, neointima formation, and in vascular inflammation. Improvement of microvascular blood flow by replacing a physiological amount of C-peptide, in several tissues of diabetic animals and humans, mainly in nerve tissue, myocardium, skeletal muscle, and kidney has been described. A review of the multiple cell signalling pathways of human proinsulin C-peptide in vasculopathy protection is proposed, where the approaches to move beyond the state of the art in the development of innovative and effective therapeutic options of diabetic neuropathy and nephropathy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma B. Souto
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Joana R. Campos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.R.C.); (J.F.F.)
| | - Joana F. Fangueiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.R.C.); (J.F.F.)
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Dipartimento di Scienze biomediche, odontoiatriche e delle immagini morfologiche e funzionali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Massimo Lucarini
- CREA—Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Alessandra Durazzo
- CREA—Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Antonello Santini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.R.C.); (J.F.F.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Malek V, Sharma N, Gaikwad AB. Simultaneous inhibition of neprilysin and activation of ACE2 prevented diabetic cardiomyopathy. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:958-967. [PMID: 31470292 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neprilysin inhibitors (NEPi) are assisting the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors in halting diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Away from conventional tactic, a recent report revealed the renoprotective potential of NEPi and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) activator combination therapy against diabetic nephropathy. However, this combination so far not evaluated against DCM, thus the present investigation aiming the same. METHODS Streptozotocin-induced (55 mg/kg, ip) type 1 diabetic (T1D) male Wistar rats were treated with either monotherapy of thiorphan (0.1 mg/kg/day, po) or diminazene aceturate (5 mg/kg/day, po), or their combination therapy, for four weeks. After hemodynamic measurements, all the rats' heart and plasma were collected for biochemistry, ELISA, histopathology, and immunoblotting. RESULTS Metabolic perturbations and failing cardiac functions associated with diabetes were markedly attenuated by combination therapy. Besides, unfavourable alterations in RAS and natriuretic peptides system (NPS) were corrected by combination therapy. Interestingly, combination therapy significantly increased plasma and heart cGMP levels compared to T1D and monotherapy receiving rats. Moreover, rats receiving combination therapy exhibited significant inhibition of activated NF-κB, TGF-β and apoptotic signalling, and a notable reduction in cardiac fibrosis when compared to T1D rats. Expressions of posttranslational histone modifications markers; H3K4Me2 and its methyltransferases (SET7/9 and RBBP5) were significantly enhanced in T1D hearts, which were significantly reduced by combination therapy. CONCLUSIONS The NEPi and ACE2 activator combination therapy effectively prevented DCM by normalising RAS and NPS activities, increasing cGMP, inhibiting inflammatory, pro-fibrotic and apoptotic signalling, and reversing H3K4Me2 and its methyl transferases expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajir Malek
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Nisha Sharma
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India.
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Lee JY, Lee YJ, Jeon HY, Han ET, Park WS, Hong SH, Kim YM, Ha KS. The vicious cycle between transglutaminase 2 and reactive oxygen species in hyperglycemic memory-induced endothelial dysfunction. FASEB J 2019; 33:12655-12667. [PMID: 31462079 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901358rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Clinical trials suggested that the vascular system can remember episodes of poor glycemic control through a phenomenon known as hyperglycemic memory (HGM). HGM is associated with long-term diabetic vascular complications in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, although the molecular mechanism of that association is not clearly understood. We hypothesized that transglutaminase 2 (TGase2) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in HGM-induced vascular dysfunction. We found that hyperglycemia induced persistent oxidative stress, expression of inflammatory adhesion molecules, and apoptosis in the aortic endothelium of HGM mice whose blood glucose levels had been normalized by insulin supplementation. TGase2 activation and ROS generation were in a vicious cycle in the aortic endothelium of HGM mice and also in human aortic endothelial cells after glucose normalization, which played a key role in the sustained expression of inflammatory adhesion molecules and apoptosis. Our findings suggest that the TGase2-ROS vicious cycle plays an important role in HGM-induced endothelial dysfunction.-Lee, J.-Y., Lee, Y.-J., Jeon, H.-Y., Han, E.-T., Park, W. S., Hong, S.-H., Kim, Y.-M., Ha, K.-S. The vicious cycle between transglutaminase 2 and reactive oxygen species in hyperglycemic memory-induced endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Yeon Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hye-Yoon Jeon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Taek Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, South Korea
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Costantino S, Ambrosini S, Paneni F. The epigenetic landscape in the cardiovascular complications of diabetes. J Endocrinol Invest 2019; 42:505-511. [PMID: 30291588 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-018-0956-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that epigenetic modifications-changes to the genome that do not involve changes in DNA sequence-may significantly derail transcriptional programs implicated in angiogenesis, oxidative stress and inflammation, thus fostering cardiovascular damage in patients with diabetes. Notably, adverse epigenetic signals acquired over the life course can be transmitted to the offspring, and may contribute to early cardiovascular phenotypes in the young generations. Hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance-key hallmarks of diabetes-induce an array of epigenetic modifications (i.e., DNA methylation, histone marks, and non-coding RNAs) which are responsible for a long-lasting impairment of vascular and cardiac function, even after intensive glycemic control. Hence, unveiling the "epigenetic landscape" in patients with diabetes may provide a post-genomic snapshot of global cardiovascular risk, and may furnish the tools to design personalized, epigenetic-based therapies to alleviate the burden of cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients. The present review aims to acquaint the scientific community with the rapidly advancing field of epigenetics and its implications in the cardiovascular complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Costantino
- Division of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, 8952, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Ambrosini
- University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - F Paneni
- Division of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, 8952, Zurich, Switzerland.
- University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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P66Shc and vascular endothelial function. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20182134. [PMID: 30918103 PMCID: PMC6488855 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20182134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional endothelium is an early change in vasculature known to be associated with atherosclerosis. Among many regulators of vascular endothelial function, p66Shc has consistently been shown to mediate endothelial dysfunction. Over more than three decades of active research in the field of the physiological function of p66Shc, regulation of vascular endothelial functions has emerged as one of the most robust effects in a broad range of pathological conditions including hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and aging. A significant understanding has been developed with respect to the molecular signaling regulating the oxidative function of p66Shc in endothelial cells and its targets and regulators. In addition, novel regulatory modifications of p66Shc controlling its oxidative function, subcellular distribution, and stability have also been reported. This review will focus on summarizing the molecular signaling regulating the oxidative function of p66Shc and its role in vascular endothelium.
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De Sensi F, Costantino S, Limbruno U, Paneni F. Atrial fibrillation in the cardiometabolic patient. Minerva Med 2019; 110:157-167. [DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.18.05882-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Costantino S, Libby P, Kishore R, Tardif JC, El-Osta A, Paneni F. Epigenetics and precision medicine in cardiovascular patients: from basic concepts to the clinical arena. Eur Heart J 2018; 39:4150-4158. [PMID: 29069341 PMCID: PMC6293269 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide and also inflict major burdens on morbidity, quality of life, and societal costs. Considering that CVD preventive medications improve vascular outcomes in less than half of patients (often relative risk reductions range from 12% to 20% compared with placebo), precision medicine offers an attractive approach to refine the targeting of CVD medications to responsive individuals in a population and thus allocate resources more wisely and effectively. New tools furnished by advances in basic science and translational medicine could help achieve this goal. This approach could reach beyond the practitioners 'eyeball' assessment or venerable markers derived from the physical examination and standard laboratory evaluation. Advances in genetics have identified novel pathways and targets that operate in numerous diseases, paving the way for 'precision medicine'. Yet the inherited genome determines only part of an individual's risk profile. Indeed, standard genomic approaches do not take into account the world of regulation of gene expression by modifications of the 'epi'genome. Epigenetic modifications defined as 'heritable changes to the genome that do not involve changes in DNA sequence' have emerged as a new layer of biological regulation in CVD and could advance individualized risk assessment as well as devising and deploying tailored therapies. This review, therefore, aims to acquaint the cardiovascular community with the rapidly advancing and evolving field of epigenetics and its implications in cardiovascular precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Costantino
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Libby
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raj Kishore
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, MERB-953, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC), Montreal, Canada
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Assam El-Osta
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, Schlieren, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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45
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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in macrophage activation and function in diabetes. Immunobiology 2018; 224:242-253. [PMID: 30739804 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In a diabetic milieu high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are induced. This contributes to the vascular complications of diabetes. Recent studies have shown that ROS formation is exacerbated in diabetic monocytes and macrophages due to a glycolytic metabolic shift. Macrophages are important players in the progression of diabetes and promote inflammation through the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and proteases. Because ROS is an important mediator for the activation of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, obesity and hyperglycemia-induced ROS production may favor induction of M1-like pro-inflammatory macrophages during diabetes onset and progression. ROS induces MAPK, STAT1, STAT6 and NFκB signaling, and interferes with macrophage differentiation via epigenetic (re)programming. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the impact of ROS on macrophage phenotype and function is needed in order to improve treatment of diabetes and its vascular complications. In the current comprehensive review, we dissect the role of ROS in macrophage polarization, and analyze how ROS production links metabolism and inflammation in diabetes and its complications. Finally, we discuss the contribution of ROS to the crosstalk between macrophages and endothelial cells in diabetic complications.
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46
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Ormazabal V, Nair S, Elfeky O, Aguayo C, Salomon C, Zuñiga FA. Association between insulin resistance and the development of cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:122. [PMID: 30170598 PMCID: PMC6119242 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0762-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 951] [Impact Index Per Article: 158.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For many years, cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been the leading cause of death around the world. Often associated with CVD are comorbidities such as obesity, abnormal lipid profiles and insulin resistance. Insulin is a key hormone that functions as a regulator of cellular metabolism in many tissues in the human body. Insulin resistance is defined as a decrease in tissue response to insulin stimulation thus insulin resistance is characterized by defects in uptake and oxidation of glucose, a decrease in glycogen synthesis, and, to a lesser extent, the ability to suppress lipid oxidation. Literature widely suggests that free fatty acids are the predominant substrate used in the adult myocardium for ATP production, however, the cardiac metabolic network is highly flexible and can use other substrates, such as glucose, lactate or amino acids. During insulin resistance, several metabolic alterations induce the development of cardiovascular disease. For instance, insulin resistance can induce an imbalance in glucose metabolism that generates chronic hyperglycemia, which in turn triggers oxidative stress and causes an inflammatory response that leads to cell damage. Insulin resistance can also alter systemic lipid metabolism which then leads to the development of dyslipidemia and the well-known lipid triad: (1) high levels of plasma triglycerides, (2) low levels of high-density lipoprotein, and (3) the appearance of small dense low-density lipoproteins. This triad, along with endothelial dysfunction, which can also be induced by aberrant insulin signaling, contribute to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Regarding the systemic consequences associated with insulin resistance and the metabolic cardiac alterations, it can be concluded that insulin resistance in the myocardium generates damage by at least three different mechanisms: (1) signal transduction alteration, (2) impaired regulation of substrate metabolism, and (3) altered delivery of substrates to the myocardium. The aim of this review is to discuss the mechanisms associated with insulin resistance and the development of CVD. New therapies focused on decreasing insulin resistance may contribute to a decrease in both CVD and atherosclerotic plaque generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeska Ormazabal
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pharmacology Department, University of Concepcion, Concepción, Chile
| | - Soumyalekshmi Nair
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine + Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Omar Elfeky
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine + Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Claudio Aguayo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Concepcion, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine + Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. .,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Concepcion, Concepción, Chile. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ochsner Baptist Hospital, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
| | - Felipe A Zuñiga
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Concepcion, Concepción, Chile
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Guzik TJ, Cosentino F. Epigenetics and Immunometabolism in Diabetes and Aging. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:257-274. [PMID: 28891325 PMCID: PMC6012980 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE A strong relationship between hyperglycemia, impaired insulin pathway, and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is linked to oxidative stress and inflammation. Immunometabolic pathways link these pathogenic processes and pose important potential therapeutic targets. Recent Advances: The link between immunity and metabolism is bidirectional and includes the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders such as T2D, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and hypertension and the role of metabolic factors in regulation of immune cell functions. Low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, balance between superoxide and nitric oxide, and the infiltration of macrophages, T cells, and B cells in insulin-sensitive tissues lead to metabolic impairment and accelerated aging. CRITICAL ISSUES Inflammatory infiltrate and altered immune cell phenotype precede development of metabolic disorders. Inflammatory changes are tightly linked to alterations in metabolic status and energy expenditure and are controlled by epigenetic mechanisms. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A better comprehension of these mechanistic insights is of utmost importance to identify novel molecular targets. In this study, we describe a complex scenario of epigenetic changes and immunometabolism linking to diabetes and aging-associated vascular disease. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 257-274.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz J. Guzik
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Research (ICAMS), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Krakow, Poland
| | - Francesco Cosentino
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Chen X, Wu Q, Jiang H, Wang J, Zhao Y, Xu Y, Zhu M. SET8 is involved in the regulation of hyperglycemic memory in human umbilical endothelial cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:635-642. [PMID: 29762637 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemic memory occurs in diabetic cardiovascular complications, but the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Although the depletion of SET8 leads to increased mitochondrial oxidative stress via increasing cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, the role of SET8 in hyperglycemic memory-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is not well understood. Here, we investigated the role of SET8 in this setting. Our results showed that high glucose-induced vascular inflammation, ROS production and apoptosis remained at high levels even when glucose returned to normal level. Elevated glucose reduced SET8 expression, which also remained at low level after returning to normoglycemia. SET8 overexpression protected cells from elevated glucose and hyperglycemic memory-induced endothelial injury by blocking ROS accumulation, attenuating vascular inflammation, and restoring nitric oxide production. Thus, our results suggest that SET8 may be a key mediator in hyperglycemic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyuan Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qichao Wu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqiang Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjun Zhao
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajun Xu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minmin Zhu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Hyperglycaemia-induced epigenetic changes drive persistent cardiac dysfunction via the adaptor p66 Shc. Int J Cardiol 2018; 268:179-186. [PMID: 30047409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Hyperglycaemia-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key mediators of cardiac dysfunction. Intensive glycaemic control (IGC) has failed to reduce risk of heart failure in patients with diabetes but the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The present study investigates whether epigenetic regulation of the pro-oxidant adaptor p66Shc contributes to persistent myocardial dysfunction despite IGC. METHODS AND RESULTS p66Shc expression was increased in the heart of diabetic mice, and 3-week IGC by slow-release insulin implants did not revert this phenomenon. Sustained p66Shc upregulation was associated with oxidative stress, myocardial inflammation and left ventricular dysfunction, as assessed by conventional and 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography. In vivo gene silencing of p66Shc, performed during IGC, inhibited ROS production and restored cardiac function. Furthermore, we show that dysregulation of methyltransferase DNMT3b and deacetylase SIRT1 causes CpG demethylation and histone 3 acetylation on p66Shc promoter, leading to persistent transcription of the adaptor. Altered DNMT3b/SIRT1 axis in the diabetic heart was explained by upregulation of miR-218 and miR-34a. Indeed, in human cardiomyocytes exposed to high glucose, inhibition of these miRNAs restored the expression of DNMT3b and SIRT1 and erased the adverse epigenetic signatures on p66Shc promoter. Consistently, reprogramming miR-218 and miR-34a attenuated persistent p66Shc expression and ROS generation. CONCLUSIONS In diabetic left ventricular dysfunction, a complex epigenetic mechanism linking miRNAs and chromatin modifying enzymes drives persistent p66Shc transcription and ROS generation. Our results set the stage for pharmacological targeting of epigenetic networks to alleviate the clinical burden of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Bo S, Togliatto G, Gambino R, Ponzo V, Lombardo G, Rosato R, Cassader M, Brizzi MF. Impact of sirtuin-1 expression on H3K56 acetylation and oxidative stress: a double-blind randomized controlled trial with resveratrol supplementation. Acta Diabetol 2018; 55:331-340. [PMID: 29330620 PMCID: PMC5851693 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-017-1097-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1) down-regulation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been associated with epigenetic markers of oxidative stress. We herein aim to evaluate whether an increase in SIRT-1 expression affects histone 3 acetylation at the 56 lysine residue (H3K56ac) in T2DM patients randomly selected to receive either resveratrol (40 mg or 500 mg) or a placebo for 6 months. The primary outcome is changes in the H3K56ac level by variation in SIRT-1 expression and the secondary outcome is the evidence of association between SIRT-1 level, antioxidant markers (TAS), and metabolic variables. METHODS AND RESULTS At baseline, peripheral blood mononuclear cell H3K56ac values among the SIRT-1 tertiles did not differ. At trial end, SIRT-1 levels were significantly higher in patients receiving 500 mg resveratrol. At follow-up, patients were divided into tertiles of delta (trial end minus baseline) SIRT-1 value. Significant reductions in H3K56ac and body fat percentage were found in the highest tertile as were increased TAS levels. A multiple logistic regression model showed that the highest delta SIRT-1 tertile was inversely associated with variations in H3K56ac (OR = 0.66; 95% CI 0.44-0.99), TAS (OR = 1.01; 95% CI 1.00-1.02), and body fat percentage (OR = 0.75; 95% CI 0.58-0.96). CONCLUSIONS We provide new knowledge on H3K56ac and SIRT-1 association in T2DM. These data suggest that boosting SIRT-1 expression/activation may impact redox homeostasis in these patients. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02244879.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriele Togliatto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Gambino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Ponzo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Giusy Lombardo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Rosalba Rosato
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Cassader
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Felice Brizzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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