1
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Guzmán TJ, Klöpper N, Gurrola-Díaz CM, Düfer M. Inhibition of mTOR prevents glucotoxicity-mediated increase of SA-beta-gal, p16 INK4a, and insulin hypersecretion, without restoring electrical features of mouse pancreatic islets. Biogerontology 2024; 25:819-836. [PMID: 38748336 PMCID: PMC11374829 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-024-10107-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
An over-activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway promotes senescence and age-related diseases like type 2 diabetes. Besides, the regenerative potential of pancreatic islets deteriorates with aging. Nevertheless, the role of mTOR on senescence promoted by metabolic stress in islet cells as well as its relevance for electrophysiological aspects is not yet known. Here, we investigated whether parameters suggested to be indicative for senescence are induced in vitro in mouse islet cells by glucotoxicity and if mTOR inhibition plays a protective role against this. Islet cells exhibit a significant increase (~ 76%) in senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-beta-gal) activity after exposure to glucotoxicity for 72 h. Glucotoxicity does not markedly influence p16INK4a protein within 72 h, but p16INK4a levels increase significantly after a 7-days incubation period. mTOR inhibition with a low rapamycin concentration (1 nM) entirely prevents the glucotoxicity-mediated increase of SA-beta-gal and p16INK4a. At the functional level, reactive oxygen species, calcium homeostasis, and electrical activity are disturbed by glucotoxicity, and rapamycin fails to prevent this. In contrast, rapamycin significantly attenuates the insulin hypersecretion promoted by glucotoxicity by modifying the mRNA levels of Vamp2 and Snap25 genes, related to insulin exocytosis. Our data indicate an influence of glucotoxicity on pancreatic islet-cell senescence and a reduction of the senescence markers by mTOR inhibition, which is relevant to preserve the regenerative potential of the islets. Decreasing the influence of mTOR on islet cells exposed to glucotoxicity attenuates insulin hypersecretion, but is not sufficient to prevent electrophysiological disturbances, indicating the involvement of mTOR-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereso J Guzmán
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany.
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
| | - Nina Klöpper
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Carmen M Gurrola-Díaz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Martina Düfer
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 48, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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2
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Li QR, Xu HY, Ma RT, Ma YY, Chen MJ. Targeting Autophagy: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Nephropathy. Diabetes Ther 2024; 15:2153-2182. [PMID: 39167303 PMCID: PMC11410753 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-024-01641-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) significantly impairs patients' quality of life, primarily because of its complications, which are the leading cause of mortality among individuals with the disease. Autophagy has emerged as a key process closely associated with DM, including its complications such as diabetic nephropathy (DN). DN is a major complication of DM, contributing significantly to chronic kidney disease and renal failure. The intricate connection between autophagy and DM, including DN, highlights the potential for new therapeutic targets. This review examines the interplay between autophagy and these conditions, aiming to uncover novel approaches to treatment and enhance our understanding of their underlying pathophysiology. It also explores the role of autophagy in maintaining renal homeostasis and its involvement in the development and progression of DM and DN. Furthermore, the review discusses natural compounds that may alleviate these conditions by modulating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Rui Li
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hui-Ying Xu
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rui-Ting Ma
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Mental Health Center, Hohhot, 010010, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Ma
- The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 1 Tongdao Street, Hohhot, 010050, China.
| | - Mei-Juan Chen
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Rd, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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3
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Tyler AL, Mahoney JM, Keller MP, Baker CN, Gaca M, Srivastava A, Gerdes Gyuricza I, Braun MJ, Rosenthal NA, Attie AD, Churchill GA, Carter GW. Transcripts with high distal heritability mediate genetic effects on complex metabolic traits. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.26.613931. [PMID: 39386475 PMCID: PMC11463413 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.26.613931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Although many genes are subject to local regulation, recent evidence suggests that complex distal regulation may be more important in mediating phenotypic variability. To assess the role of distal gene regulation in complex traits, we combined multi-tissue transcriptomes with physiological outcomes to model diet-induced obesity and metabolic disease in a population of Diversity Outbred mice. Using a novel high-dimensional mediation analysis, we identified a composite transcriptome signature that summarized genetic effects on gene expression and explained 30% of the variation across all metabolic traits. The signature was heritable, interpretable in biological terms, and predicted obesity status from gene expression in an independently derived mouse cohort and multiple human studies. Transcripts contributing most strongly to this composite mediator frequently had complex, distal regulation distributed throughout the genome. These results suggest that trait-relevant variation in transcription is largely distally regulated, but is nonetheless identifiable, interpretable, and translatable across species.
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4
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Masuda S, Lemaitre F, Barten MJ, Bergan S, Shipkova M, van Gelder T, Vinks S, Wieland E, Bornemann-Kolatzki K, Brunet M, de Winter B, Dieterlen MT, Elens L, Ito T, Johnson-Davis K, Kunicki PK, Lawson R, Lloberas N, Marquet P, Millan O, Mizuno T, Moes DJAR, Noceti O, Oellerich M, Pattanaik S, Pawinski T, Seger C, van Schaik R, Venkataramanan R, Walson P, Woillard JB, Langman LJ. Everolimus Personalized Therapy: Second Consensus Report by the International Association of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology. Ther Drug Monit 2024:00007691-990000000-00267. [PMID: 39331837 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000001250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The Immunosuppressive Drugs Scientific Committee of the International Association of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology established the second consensus report to guide Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) of everolimus (EVR) and its optimal use in clinical practice 7 years after the first version was published in 2016. This version provides information focused on new developments that have arisen in the last 7 years. For the general aspects of the pharmacology and TDM of EVR that have retained their relevance, readers can refer to the 2016 document. This edition includes new evidence from the literature, focusing on the topics updated during the last 7 years, including indirect pharmacological effects of EVR on the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 with the major mechanism of direct inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1. In addition, various concepts and technical options to monitor EVR concentrations, improve analytical performance, and increase the number of options available for immunochemical analytical methods have been included. Only limited new pharmacogenetic information regarding EVR has emerged; however, pharmacometrics and model-informed precision dosing have been constructed using physiological parameters as covariates, including pharmacogenetic information. In clinical settings, EVR is combined with a decreased dose of calcineurin inhibitors, such as tacrolimus and cyclosporine, instead of mycophenolic acid. The literature and recommendations for specific organ transplantations, such as that of the kidneys, liver, heart, and lungs, as well as for oncology and pediatrics have been updated. EVR TDM for pancreatic and islet transplantation has been added to this edition. The pharmacodynamic monitoring of EVR in organ transplantation has also been updated. These updates and additions, along with the previous version of this consensus document, will be helpful to clinicians and researchers treating patients receiving EVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satohiro Masuda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Himeji, Japan
| | - Florian Lemaitre
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, IRSET-UMR S 1085, Rennes, France
- INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1414, Rennes, France
- FHU SUPPORT, Rennes, France
| | - Markus J Barten
- Department of Cardiac- and Vascular Surgery, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stein Bergan
- Department of Pharmacology, Oslo University Hospital and Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Teun van Gelder
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Vinks
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- NDA Partners, A Propharma Group Company, Washington District of Columbia
| | | | | | - Mercè Brunet
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Biomedical Diagnostic Center, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Spain
| | - Brenda de Winter
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maja-Theresa Dieterlen
- Laboratory Management Research Laboratory, Cardiac Surgery Clinic, Heart Center Leipzig GmbH, University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laure Elens
- Integrated Pharmacometrics, Pharmacogenetic and Pharmacokinetics Research Group (PMGK) Louvain Drug for Research Institute (LDRI), Catholic University of Louvain, (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Taihei Ito
- Department of Organ Transplant Surgery; Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake Aichi, Japan
| | - Kamisha Johnson-Davis
- University of Utah Health Sciences Center and ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Pawel K Kunicki
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roland Lawson
- University of Limoges, Inserm U1248, Pharmacology & Transplantation, Limoges, France
| | - Nuria Lloberas
- Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pierre Marquet
- University of Limoges, Inserm U1248, Pharmacology & Transplantation, Limoges, France
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacovigilance, CHU de Limoges, France
| | - Olga Millan
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Biomedical Diagnostic Center, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERehd, Spain
| | - Tomoyuki Mizuno
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Dirk Jan A R Moes
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ofelia Noceti
- National Center for Liver Transplantation and Liver Diseases, Army Forces Hospital, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Michael Oellerich
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Smita Pattanaik
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Tomasz Pawinski
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Ron van Schaik
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Raman Venkataramanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Department of Pathology, Starzl Transplantation Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Phil Walson
- University Medical School, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jean-Baptiste Woillard
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacovigilance, CHU de Limoges, Limoges, France; and
| | - Loralie J Langman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
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5
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Yue L, Li J, Yao M, Song S, Zhang X, Wang Y. Cutting edge of immune response and immunosuppressants in allogeneic and xenogeneic islet transplantation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1455691. [PMID: 39346923 PMCID: PMC11427288 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1455691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
As an effective treatment for diabetes, islet transplantation has garnered significant attention and research in recent years. However, immune rejection and the toxicity of immunosuppressive drugs remain critical factors influencing the success of islet transplantation. While immunosuppressants are essential in reducing immune rejection reactions and can significantly improve the survival rate of islet transplants, improper use of these drugs can markedly increase mortality rates following transplantation. Additionally, the current availability of islet organ donations fails to meet the demand for organ transplants, making xenotransplantation a crucial method for addressing organ shortages. This review will cover the following three aspects: 1) the immune responses occurring during allogeneic islet transplantation, including three stages: inflammation and IBMIR, allogeneic immune response, and autoimmune recurrence; 2) commonly used immunosuppressants in allogeneic islet transplantation, including calcineurin inhibitors (Cyclosporine A, Tacrolimus), mycophenolate mofetil, glucocorticoids, and Bortezomib; and 3) early and late immune responses in xenogeneic islet transplantation and the immune effects of triple therapy (ECDI-fixed donor spleen cells (ECDI-SP) + anti-CD20 + Sirolimus) on xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Yue
- Center of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jisong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingjun Yao
- Center of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Siyuan Song
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- Center of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Center of Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
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6
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Oliveras L, Coloma A, Lloberas N, Lino L, Favà A, Manonelles A, Codina S, Couceiro C, Melilli E, Sharif A, Hecking M, Guthoff M, Cruzado JM, Pascual J, Montero N. Immunosuppressive drug combinations after kidney transplantation and post-transplant diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2024; 38:100856. [PMID: 38723582 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2024.100856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a frequent complication after kidney transplantation (KT). This systematic review investigated the effect of different immunosuppressive regimens on the risk of PTDM. We performed a systematic literature search in MEDLINE and CENTRAL for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that included KT recipients with any immunosuppression and reported PTDM outcomes up to 1 October 2023. The analysis included 125 RCTs. We found no differences in PTDM risk within induction therapies. In de novo KT, there was an increased risk of developing PTDM with tacrolimus versus cyclosporin (RR 1.71, 95%CI [1.38-2.11]). No differences were observed between tacrolimus+mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor (mTORi) and tacrolimus+MMF/MPA, but there was a tendency towards a higher risk of PTDM in the cyclosporin+mTORi group (RR 1.42, 95%CI [0.99-2.04]). Conversion from cyclosporin to an mTORi increased PTDM risk (RR 1.89, 95%CI [1.18-3.03]). De novo belatacept compared with a calcineurin inhibitor resulted in 50% lower risk of PTDM (RR 0.50, 95%CI [0.32-0.79]). Steroid avoidance resulted in 31% lower PTDM risk (RR 0.69, 95%CI [0.57-0.83]), whereas steroid withdrawal resulted in no differences. Immunosuppression should be decided on an individual basis, carefully weighing the risk of future PTDM and rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Oliveras
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Nephrology Department. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Coloma
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Nephrology Department. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Nuria Lloberas
- Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Lino
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Nephrology Department. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Alexandre Favà
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Nephrology Department. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Anna Manonelles
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Nephrology Department. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Codina
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Nephrology Department. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Couceiro
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Nephrology Department. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edoardo Melilli
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Nephrology Department. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adnan Sharif
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Manfred Hecking
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinical Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Guthoff
- Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology, Nephrology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Josep M Cruzado
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Nephrology Department. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Pascual
- Hospital 12 de Octubre, Nephrology Department, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nuria Montero
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Nephrology Department. L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain.
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7
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Doszyn O, Kedra M, Zmorzynska J. Hyperactive mTORC1 disrupts habenula function and light preference in zebrafish model of Tuberous sclerosis complex. iScience 2024; 27:110149. [PMID: 38947496 PMCID: PMC11214417 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is an integration hub for extracellular and intracellular signals necessary for brain development. Hyperactive mTORC1 is found in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) characterized by atypical reactivity to sensory stimuli, among other symptoms. In Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) inactivating mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes result in hyperactivation of the mTORC1 pathway and ASD. Here, we show that lack of light preference of the TSC zebrafish model, tsc2 vu242/vu242 is caused by aberrant processing of light stimuli in the left dorsal habenula and tsc2 vu242/vu242 fish have impaired function of the left dorsal habenula, in which neurons exhibited higher activity and lacked habituation to the light stimuli. These characteristics were rescued by rapamycin. We thus discovered that hyperactive mTorC1 caused aberrant habenula function resulting in lack of light preference. Our results suggest that mTORC1 hyperactivity contributes to atypical reactivity to sensory stimuli in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Doszyn
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular Mechanisms and Machines, 02-247 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kedra
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Zmorzynska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, International Institute of Molecular Mechanisms and Machines, 02-247 Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Pham JPA, Coronel MM. Unlocking Transplant Tolerance with Biomaterials. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400965. [PMID: 38843866 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
For patients suffering from organ failure due to injury or autoimmune disease, allogeneic organ transplantation with chronic immunosuppression is considered the god standard in terms of clinical treatment. However, the true "holy grail" of transplant immunology is operational tolerance, in which the recipient exhibits a sustained lack of alloreactivity toward unencountered antigen presented by the donor graft. This outcome is resultant from critical changes to the phenotype and genotype of the immune repertoire predicated by the activation of specific signaling pathways responsive to soluble and mechanosensitive cues. Biomaterials have emerged as a medium for interfacing with and reprogramming these endogenous pathways toward tolerance in precise, minimally invasive, and spatiotemporally defined manners. By viewing seminal and contemporary breakthroughs in transplant tolerance induction through the lens of biomaterials-mediated immunomodulation strategies-which include intrinsic material immunogenicity, the depot effect, graft coatings, induction and delivery of tolerogenic immune cells, biomimicry of tolerogenic immune cells, and in situ reprogramming-this review emphasizes the stunning diversity of approaches in the field and spotlights exciting future directions for research to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- John-Paul A Pham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Elizabeth Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - María M Coronel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Elizabeth Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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9
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Munoz-Robles BG, DeForest CA. Irreversible light-activated SpyLigation mediates split-protein assembly in 4D. Nat Protoc 2024; 19:1015-1052. [PMID: 38253657 PMCID: PMC11288621 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00938-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The conditional assembly of split-protein pairs to modulate biological activity is commonly achieved by fusing split-protein fragments to dimerizing components that bring inactive pairs into close proximity in response to an exogenous trigger. However, current methods lack full spatial and temporal control over reconstitution, require sustained activation and lack specificity. Here light-activated SpyLigation (LASL), based on the photoregulation of the covalent SpyTag (ST)/SpyCatcher (SC) peptide-protein reaction, assembles nonfunctional split fragment pairs rapidly and irreversibly in solution, in engineered biomaterials and intracellularly. LASL introduces an ortho-nitrobenzyl(oNB)-caged lysine into SC's reactive site to generate a photoactivatable SC (pSC). Split-protein pairs of interest fused to pSC and ST are conditionally assembled via near-ultraviolet or pulsed near-infrared irradiation, as the uncaged SC can react with ST to ligate appended fragments. We describe procedures for the efficient synthesis of the photocaged amino acid that is incorporated within pSC (<5 days) as well as the design and cloning of LASL plasmids (1-4 days) for recombinant protein expression in either Escherichia coli (5-6 days) or mammalian cells (4-6 days), which require some prior expertise in protein engineering. We provide a chemoenzymatic scheme for appending bioorthogonal reactive handles onto E. coli-purified pSC protein (<4 days) that permits LASL component incorporation and patterned protein activation within many common biomaterial platforms. Given that LASL is irreversible, the photolithographic patterning procedures are fast and do not require sustained light exposure. Overall, LASL can be used to interrogate and modulate cell signaling in various settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brizzia G Munoz-Robles
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cole A DeForest
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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10
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Lansberry TR, Stabler CL. Immunoprotection of cellular transplants for autoimmune type 1 diabetes through local drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 206:115179. [PMID: 38286164 PMCID: PMC11140763 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune condition that results in the destruction of insulin-secreting β cells of the islets of Langerhans. Allogeneic islet transplantation could be a successful treatment for T1DM; however, it is limited by the need for effective, permanent immunosuppression to prevent graft rejection. Upon transplantation, islets are rejected through non-specific, alloantigen specific, and recurring autoimmune pathways. Immunosuppressive agents used for islet transplantation are generally successful in inhibiting alloantigen rejection, but they are suboptimal in hindering non-specific and autoimmune pathways. In this review, we summarize the challenges with cellular immunological rejection and therapeutics used for islet transplantation. We highlight agents that target these three immune rejection pathways and how to package them for controlled, local delivery via biomaterials. Exploring macro-, micro-, and nano-scale immunomodulatory biomaterial platforms, we summarize their advantages, challenges, and future directions. We hypothesize that understanding their key features will help identify effective platforms to prevent islet graft rejection. Outcomes can further be translated to other cellular therapies beyond T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Lansberry
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - C L Stabler
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Immunology and Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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11
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Baghdadi M, Nespital T, Monzó C, Deelen J, Grönke S, Partridge L. Intermittent rapamycin feeding recapitulates some effects of continuous treatment while maintaining lifespan extension. Mol Metab 2024; 81:101902. [PMID: 38360109 PMCID: PMC10900781 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rapamycin, a powerful geroprotective drug, can have detrimental effects when administered chronically. We determined whether intermittent treatment of mice can reduce negative effects while maintaining benefits of chronic treatment. METHODS From 6 months of age, male and female C3B6F1 hybrid mice were either continuously fed with 42 mg/kg rapamycin, or intermittently fed by alternating weekly feeding of 42 mg/kg rapamycin food with weekly control feeding. Survival of these mice compared to control animals was measured. Furthermore, longitudinal phenotyping including metabolic (body composition, GTT, ITT, indirect calorimetry) and fitness phenotypes (treadmil, rotarod, electrocardiography and open field) was performed. Organ specific pathology was assessed at 24 months of age. RESULTS Chronic rapamycin treatment induced glucose intolerance, which was partially ameliorated by intermittent treatment. Chronic and intermittent rapamycin treatments increased lifespan equally in males, while in females chronic treatment resulted in slightly higher survival. The two treatments had equivalent effects on testicular degeneration, heart fibrosis and liver lipidosis. In males, the two treatment regimes led to a similar increase in motor coordination, heart rate and Q-T interval, and reduction in spleen weight, while in females, they equally reduced BAT inflammation and spleen weight and maintained heart rate and Q-T interval. However, other health parameters, including age related pathologies, were better prevented by continuous treatment. CONCLUSIONS Intermittent rapamycin treatment is effective in prolonging lifespan and reduces some side-effects of chronic treatment, but chronic treatment is more beneficial to healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarouf Baghdadi
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Nespital
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Carolina Monzó
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany; Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Spanish National Research Council, Catedràtic Agustín Escardino Benlloch, Paterna, Spain
| | - Joris Deelen
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Linda Partridge
- Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.
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12
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Pham NYT, Cruz D, Madera-Marin L, Ravender R, Garcia P. Diabetic Kidney Disease in Post-Kidney Transplant Patients. J Clin Med 2024; 13:793. [PMID: 38337487 PMCID: PMC10856396 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13030793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a common occurrence in post-kidney transplantation and is associated with greater mortality, allograft failure, and increased risk of infections. The primary goal in the management of PTDM is to achieve glycemic control to minimize the risk of complications while balancing the need for immunosuppression to maintain the health of the transplanted kidney. This review summarizes the effects of maintenance immunosuppression and therapeutic options among kidney transplant recipients. Patients with PTDM are at increased risk of diabetic kidney disease development; therefore, in this review, we focus on evidence supporting the use of novel antidiabetic agents and discuss their benefits and potential side effects in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc-Yen T. Pham
- Division of Nephrology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Diego Cruz
- Hospital General San Juan de Dios, Guatemala City 01001, Guatemala;
| | - Luis Madera-Marin
- Division of Nephrology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Raja Ravender
- Division of Nephrology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Pablo Garcia
- Division of Nephrology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
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13
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Franko N, da Silva Santinha AJ, Xue S, Zhao H, Charpin-El Hamri G, Platt RJ, Teixeira AP, Fussenegger M. Integrated compact regulators of protein activity enable control of signaling pathways and genome-editing in vivo. Cell Discov 2024; 10:9. [PMID: 38263404 PMCID: PMC10805712 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-023-00632-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral proteases and clinically safe inhibitors were employed to build integrated compact regulators of protein activity (iCROP) for post-translational regulation of functional proteins by tunable proteolytic activity. In the absence of inhibitor, the co-localized/fused protease cleaves a target peptide sequence introduced in an exposed loop of the protein of interest, irreversibly fragmenting the protein structure and destroying its functionality. We selected three proteases and demonstrated the versatility of the iCROP framework by validating it to regulate the functional activity of ten different proteins. iCROP switches can be delivered either as mRNA or DNA, and provide rapid actuation kinetics with large induction ratios, while remaining strongly suppressed in the off state without inhibitor. iCROPs for effectors of the NF-κB and NFAT signaling pathways were assembled and confirmed to enable precise activation/inhibition of downstream events in response to protease inhibitors. In lipopolysaccharide-treated mice, iCROP-sr-IκBα suppressed cytokine release ("cytokine storm") by rescuing the activity of IκBα, which suppresses NF-κB signaling. We also constructed compact inducible CRISPR-(d)Cas9 variants and showed that iCROP-Cas9-mediated knockout of the PCSK9 gene in the liver lowered blood LDL-cholesterol levels in mice. iCROP-based protein switches will facilitate protein-level regulation in basic research and translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nik Franko
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Shuai Xue
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Haijie Zhao
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ghislaine Charpin-El Hamri
- Département Génie Biologique, Institut Universitaire de Technologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, Cedex, France
| | | | - Ana Palma Teixeira
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Fussenegger
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland.
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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14
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Oppler SH, Hocum Stone LL, Leishman DJ, Janecek JL, Moore MEG, Rangarajan P, Willenberg BJ, O’Brien TD, Modiano J, Pheil N, Dalton J, Dalton M, Ramachandran S, Graham ML. A bioengineered artificial interstitium supports long-term islet xenograft survival in nonhuman primates without immunosuppression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi4919. [PMID: 38181083 PMCID: PMC10776017 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi4919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies hold promise for many chronic conditions; however, the continued need for immunosuppression along with challenges in replacing cells to improve durability or retrieving cells for safety are major obstacles. We subcutaneously implanted a device engineered to exploit the innate transcapillary hydrostatic and colloid osmotic pressure generating ultrafiltrate to mimic interstitium. Long-term stable accumulation of ultrafiltrate was achieved in both rodents and nonhuman primates (NHPs) that was chemically similar to serum and achieved capillary blood oxygen concentration. The majority of adult pig islet grafts transplanted in non-immunosuppressed NHPs resulted in xenograft survival >100 days. Stable cytokine levels, normal neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, and a lack of immune cell infiltration demonstrated successful immunoprotection and averted typical systemic changes related to xenograft transplant, especially inflammation. This approach eliminates the need for immunosuppression and permits percutaneous access for loading, reloading, biopsy, and recovery to de-risk the use of "unlimited" xenogeneic cell sources to realize widespread clinical translation of cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H. Oppler
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - David J. Leishman
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jody L. Janecek
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Meghan E. G. Moore
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | - Bradley J. Willenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Timothy D. O’Brien
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jaime Modiano
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Natan Pheil
- Cell-Safe LifeSciences, Skokie, IL, USA
- Medline UNITE Foot and Ankle, Medline Industries LP, 3 Lakes Drive, Northfield, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Melanie L. Graham
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
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15
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Skelin Klemen M, Kopecky J, Dolenšek J, Stožer A. Human Beta Cell Functional Adaptation and Dysfunction in Insulin Resistance and Its Reversibility. Nephron Clin Pract 2023; 148:78-84. [PMID: 37883937 PMCID: PMC10860743 DOI: 10.1159/000534667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beta cells play a key role in the pathophysiology of diabetes since their functional adaptation is able to maintain euglycemia in the face of insulin resistance, and beta cell decompensation or dysfunction is a necessary condition for full-blown type 2 diabetes (T2D). The mechanisms behind compensation and decompensation are incompletely understood, especially for human beta cells, and even less is known about influences of chronic kidney disease (CKD) or immunosupressive therapy after transplantation on these processes and the development of posttransplant diabetes. SUMMARY During compensation, beta cell sensitivity to glucose becomes left-shifted, i.e., their sensitivity to stimulation increases, and this is accompanied by enhanced signals along the stimulus-secretion coupling cascade from membrane depolarization to intracellular calcium and the most distal insulin secretion dynamics. There is currently no clear evidence regarding changes in intercellular coupling during this stage of disease progression. During decompensation, intracellular stimulus-secretion coupling remains enhanced to some extent at low or basal glucose concentrations but seems to become unable to generate effective signals to stimulate insulin secretion at high or otherwise stimulatory glucose concentrations. Additionally, intercellular coupling becomes disrupted, lowering the number of cells that contribute to secretion. During progression of CKD, beta cells also seem to drift from a compensatory left-shift to failure, and immunosupressants can further impair beta cell function following kidney transplantation. KEY MESSAGES Beta cell stimulus-secretion coupling is enhanced in compensated insulin resistance. With worsening insulin resistance, both intra- and intercellular coupling become disrupted. CKD can progressively disrupt beta cell function, but further studies are needed, especially regarding changes in intercellular coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Skelin Klemen
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia,
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Jurij Dolenšek
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Andraž Stožer
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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16
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Kolb H, Kempf K, Martin S. Insulin and aging - a disappointing relationship. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1261298. [PMID: 37854186 PMCID: PMC10579801 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1261298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental studies in animal models of aging such as nematodes, fruit flies or mice have observed that decreased levels of insulin or insulin signaling promotes longevity. In humans, hyperinsulinemia and concomitant insulin resistance are associated with an elevated risk of age-related diseases suggestive of a shortened healthspan. Age-related disorders include neurodegenerative diseases, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. High ambient insulin concentrations promote increased lipogenesis and fat storage, heightened protein synthesis and accumulation of non-functional polypeptides due to limited turnover capacity. Moreover, there is impaired autophagy activity, and less endothelial NO synthase activity. These changes are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. The cellular stress induced by anabolic activity of insulin initiates an adaptive response aiming at maintaining homeostasis, characterized by activation of the transcription factor Nrf2, of AMP activated kinase, and an unfolded protein response. This protective response is more potent in the long-lived human species than in short-lived models of aging research resulting in a stronger pro-aging impact of insulin in nematodes and fruit flies. In humans, resistance to insulin-induced cell stress decreases with age, because of an increase of insulin and insulin resistance levels but less Nrf2 activation. These detrimental changes might be contained by adopting a lifestyle that promotes low insulin/insulin resistance levels and enhances an adaptive response to cellular stress, as observed with dietary restriction or exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Kolb
- Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Düsseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kempf
- West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Düsseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephan Martin
- Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Düsseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Düsseldorf, Germany
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17
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Blandino-Rosano M, Louzada RA, Werneck-De-Castro JP, Lubaczeuski C, Almaça J, Rüegg MA, Hall MN, Leibowitz G, Bernal-Mizrachi E. Raptor levels are critical for β-cell adaptation to a high-fat diet in male mice. Mol Metab 2023; 75:101769. [PMID: 37423392 PMCID: PMC10391668 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The essential role of raptor/mTORC1 signaling in β-cell survival and insulin processing has been recently demonstrated using raptor knock-out models. Our aim was to evaluate the role of mTORC1 function in adaptation of β-cells to insulin resistant state. METHOD Here, we use mice with heterozygous deletion of raptor in β-cells (βraHet) to assess whether reduced mTORC1 function is critical for β-cell function in normal conditions or during β-cell adaptation to high-fat diet (HFD). RESULTS Deletion of a raptor allele in β-cells showed no differences at the metabolic level, islets morphology, or β-cell function in mice fed regular chow. Surprisingly, deletion of only one allele of raptor increases apoptosis without altering proliferation rate and is sufficient to impair insulin secretion when fed a HFD. This is accompanied by reduced levels of critical β-cell genes like Ins1, MafA, Ucn3, Glut2, Glp1r, and specially PDX1 suggesting an improper β-cell adaptation to HFD. CONCLUSION This study identifies that raptor levels play a key role in maintaining PDX1 levels and β-cell function during the adaptation of β-cell to HFD. Finally, we identified that Raptor levels regulate PDX1 levels and β-cell function during β-cell adaptation to HFD by reduction of the mTORC1-mediated negative feedback and activation of the AKT/FOXA2/PDX1 axis. We suggest that Raptor levels are critical to maintaining PDX1 levels and β-cell function in conditions of insulin resistance in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Blandino-Rosano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Miami VA Health Care System, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Ruy Andrade Louzada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Joao Pedro Werneck-De-Castro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Miami VA Health Care System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Camila Lubaczeuski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Joana Almaça
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Markus A Rüegg
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael N Hall
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gil Leibowitz
- Diabetes Unit and Endocrine Service, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Miami VA Health Care System, Miami, FL, USA.
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18
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Anwar IJ, Berman DM, DeLaura I, Gao Q, Willman MA, Miller A, Gill A, Gill C, Perrin S, Ricordi C, Ruiz P, Song M, Ladowski JM, Kirk AD, Kenyon NS. The anti-CD40L monoclonal antibody AT-1501 promotes islet and kidney allograft survival and function in nonhuman primates. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadf6376. [PMID: 37647390 PMCID: PMC10990482 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adf6376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Prior studies of anti-CD40 ligand (CD40L)-based immunosuppression demonstrated effective prevention of islet and kidney allograft rejection in nonhuman primate models; however, clinical development was halted because of thromboembolic complications. An anti-CD40L-specific monoclonal antibody, AT-1501 (Tegoprubart), was engineered to minimize risk of thromboembolic complications by reducing binding to Fcγ receptors expressed on platelets while preserving binding to CD40L. AT-1501 was tested in both a cynomolgus macaque model of intrahepatic islet allotransplantation and a rhesus macaque model of kidney allotransplantation. AT-1501 monotherapy led to long-term graft survival in both islet and kidney transplant models, confirming its immunosuppressive potential. Furthermore, AT-1501-based regimens after islet transplant resulted in higher C-peptide, greater appetite leading to weight gain, and reduced occurrence of cytomegalovirus reactivation compared with conventional immunosuppression. These data support AT-1501 as a safe and effective agent to promote both islet and kidney allograft survival and function in nonhuman primate models, warranting further testing in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran J. Anwar
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dora M. Berman
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami; Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami; Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Isabel DeLaura
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Qimeng Gao
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Allison Miller
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Alan Gill
- ALS Therapy Development Institute; Cambridge, MA 02472, USA
| | - Cindy Gill
- ALS Therapy Development Institute; Cambridge, MA 02472, USA
| | | | - Camillo Ricordi
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami; Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami; Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami; Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami; Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami; Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Philip Ruiz
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami; Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Mingqing Song
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Joseph M Ladowski
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Allan D. Kirk
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine; Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Norma S. Kenyon
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami; Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami; Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami; Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami; Miami, FL 33136, USA
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19
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Wang X, Jin L, Liu W, Stingelin L, Zhang P, Tan Z. Construction of engineered 3D islet micro-tissue using porcine decellularized ECM for the treatment of diabetes. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:5517-5532. [PMID: 37387616 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00346a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Islet transplantation improves diabetes patients' long-term blood glucose control, but its success and utility are limited by cadaver availability, quality, and considerable islet loss after transplantation due to ischemia and inadequate angiogenesis. This study used adipose, pancreatic, and liver tissue decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) hydrogels in an effort to recapitulate the islet sites inside the pancreas in vitro, and successfully generated viable and functional heterocellular islet micro-tissues using islet cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. The three-dimensional (3D) islet micro-tissues maintained prolonged viability and normal secretory function, and showed high drug sensitivity in drug testing. Meanwhile, the 3D islet micro-tissues significantly enhanced survival and graft function in a mouse model of diabetes. These supportive 3D physiomimetic dECM hydrogels can be used not only for islet micro-tissue culture in vitro, but also have great promise for islet transplantation for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocheng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Lijuan Jin
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
- Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
| | - Wenyu Liu
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
- Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
| | - Lukas Stingelin
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Pan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Zhikai Tan
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
- Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
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20
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Vidigal AC, de Lucena DD, Beyerstedt S, Rangel ÉB. A comprehensive update of the metabolic and toxicological considerations for immunosuppressive drugs used during pancreas transplantation. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2023; 19:405-427. [PMID: 37542452 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2243808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite significant advancements in immunosuppressive regimens and surgical techniques, the prevalence of adverse events related to immunosuppression remains a major challenge affecting the long-term survival rates of pancreas and kidney allografts. AREAS COVERED This article presents a comprehensive review of the literature and knowledge (Jan/2012-Feb/2023) concerning glucose metabolism disorders and nephrotoxicity associated with tacrolimus and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTORi). Novel signaling pathways potentially implicated in these adverse events are discussed. Furthermore, we extensively examine the findings from clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus, mTORi, and steroid minimization. EXPERT OPINION Tacrolimus-based regimens continue to be the standard treatment following pancreas transplants. However, prolonged use of tacrolimus and mTORi may lead to hyperglycemia and nephrotoxicity. Understanding and interpreting experimental data, particularly concerning novel signaling pathways beyond calcineurin-NFAT and mTOR pathways, can offer valuable insights for therapeutic interventions to mitigate hyperglycemia and nephrotoxicity. Additionally, critically analyzing clinical trial results can identify opportunities for personalized safety-based approaches to minimize side effects. It is imperative to conduct randomized-controlled studies to assess the impact of mTORi use and steroid-free protocols on pancreatic allograft survival. Such studies will aid in tailoring treatment strategies for improved transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cláudia Vidigal
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora D de Lucena
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Stephany Beyerstedt
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Érika B Rangel
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, SP, São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Kahraman C, Kaya Bilecenoglu D, Sabuncuoglu S, Cankaya IT. Toxicology of pharmaceutical and nutritional longevity compounds. Expert Rev Mol Med 2023; 25:e28. [PMID: 37345424 PMCID: PMC10752229 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2023.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Aging is the most prominent risk factor for many diseases, which is considered to be a complicated biological process. The rate of aging depends on the effectiveness of important mechanisms such as the protection of DNA from free radicals, which protects the structural and functional integrity of cells and tissues. In any organism, not all organs may age at the same rate. Slowing down primary aging and reaching maximum lifespan is the most basic necessity. In this process, it may be possible to slow down or stabilise some diseases by using the compounds for both dietary and pharmacological purposes. Natural compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, mostly plant-based nutraceuticals, are preferred in the treatment of age-related chronic diseases and can also be used for other diseases. An increasing number of long-term studies on synthetic and natural compounds aim to elucidate preclinically and clinically the mechanisms underlying being healthy and prolongation of life. To delay age-related diseases and prolong the lifespan, it is necessary to take these compounds with diet or pharmaceuticals, along with detailed toxicological results. In this review, the most promising and utilised compounds will be highlighted and it will be discussed whether they have toxic effects in short/long-term use, although they are thought to be used safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Kahraman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Suna Sabuncuoglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Irem Tatli Cankaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
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22
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Granata S, Mercuri S, Troise D, Gesualdo L, Stallone G, Zaza G. mTOR-inhibitors and post-transplant diabetes mellitus: a link still debated in kidney transplantation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1168967. [PMID: 37250653 PMCID: PMC10213242 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1168967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTOR-Is, Sirolimus, and Everolimus) are immunosuppressive drugs widely employed in kidney transplantation. Their main mechanism of action includes the inhibition of a serine/threonine kinase with a pivotal role in cellular metabolism and in various eukaryotic biological functions (including proteins and lipids synthesis, autophagy, cell survival, cytoskeleton organization, lipogenesis, and gluconeogenesis). Moreover, as well described, the inhibition of the mTOR pathway may also contribute to the development of the post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM), a major clinical complication that may dramatically impact allograft survival (by accelerating the development of the chronic allograft damage) and increase the risk of severe systemic comorbidities. Several factors may contribute to this condition, but the reduction of the beta-cell mass, the impairment of the insulin secretion and resistance, and the induction of glucose intolerance may play a pivotal role. However, although the results of several in vitro and in animal models, the real impact of mTOR-Is on PTDM is still debated and the entire biological machinery is poorly recognized. Therefore, to better elucidate the impact of the mTOR-Is on the risk of PTDM in kidney transplant recipients and to potentially uncover future research topics (particularly for the clinical translational research), we decided to review the available literature evidence regarding this important clinical association. In our opinion, based on the published reports, we cannot draw any conclusion and PTDM remains a challenge. However, also in this case, the administration of the lowest possible dose of mTOR-I should also be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Granata
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Silvia Mercuri
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Dario Troise
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Renal, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DIMEPRE-J), University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stallone
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Zaza
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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23
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Park K, Sonn SK, Seo S, Kim J, Hur KY, Oh GT, Lee MS. Impaired TFEB activation and mitophagy as a cause of PPP3/calcineurin inhibitor-induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Autophagy 2023; 19:1444-1458. [PMID: 36217215 PMCID: PMC10240995 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2132686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy or mitophagy plays crucial roles in the maintenance of pancreatic β-cell function. PPP3/calcineurin can modulate the activity of TFEB, a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy gene expression, through dephosphorylation. We studied whether PPP3/calcineurin inhibitors can affect the mitophagy of pancreatic β-cells and pancreatic β-cell function employing FK506, an immunosuppressive drug against graft rejection. FK506 suppressed rotenone- or oligomycin+antimycin-A-induced mitophagy measured by Mito-Keima localization in acidic lysosomes or RFP-LC3 puncta colocalized with TOMM20 in INS-1 insulinoma cells. FK506 diminished nuclear translocation of TFEB after treatment with rotenone or oligomycin+antimycin A. Forced TFEB nuclear translocation by a constitutively active TFEB mutant transfection restored impaired mitophagy by FK506, suggesting the role of decreased TFEB nuclear translocation in FK506-mediated mitophagy impairment. Probably due to reduced mitophagy, recovery of mitochondrial potential or quenching of mitochondrial ROS after removal of rotenone or oligomycin+antimycin A was delayed by FK506. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption was reduced by FK506, indicating reduced mitochondrial function by FK506. Likely due to mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin release from INS-1 cells was reduced by FK506 in vitro. FK506 treatment also reduced insulin release and impaired glucose tolerance in vivo, which was associated with decreased mitophagy and mitochondrial COX activity in pancreatic islets. FK506-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and glucose intolerance were ameliorated by an autophagy enhancer activating TFEB. These results suggest that diminished mitophagy and consequent mitochondrial dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells contribute to FK506-induced β-cell dysfunction or glucose intolerance, and autophagy enhancement could be a therapeutic modality against post-transplantation diabetes mellitus caused by PPP3/calcineurin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kihyoun Park
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Keun Sonn
- Heart-Immune-Brain Network Research Center, Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungwoon Seo
- Heart-Immune-Brain Network Research Center, Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinyoung Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Yeon Hur
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Goo Taeg Oh
- Heart-Immune-Brain Network Research Center, Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
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24
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Mohammadi-Motlagh HR, Sadeghalvad M, Yavari N, Primavera R, Soltani S, Chetty S, Ganguly A, Regmi S, Fløyel T, Kaur S, Mirza AH, Thakor AS, Pociot F, Yarani R. β Cell and Autophagy: What Do We Know? Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040649. [PMID: 37189396 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β cells are central to glycemic regulation through insulin production. Studies show autophagy as an essential process in β cell function and fate. Autophagy is a catabolic cellular process that regulates cell homeostasis by recycling surplus or damaged cell components. Impaired autophagy results in β cell loss of function and apoptosis and, as a result, diabetes initiation and progress. It has been shown that in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, and high metabolic demands, autophagy affects β cell function, insulin synthesis, and secretion. This review highlights recent evidence regarding how autophagy can affect β cells' fate in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Furthermore, we discuss the role of important intrinsic and extrinsic autophagy modulators, which can lead to β cell failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid-Reza Mohammadi-Motlagh
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67155-1616, Iran
| | - Mona Sadeghalvad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
| | - Niloofar Yavari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Panum Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rosita Primavera
- Interventional Regenerative Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Setareh Soltani
- Clinical Research Development Center, Taleghani and Imam Ali Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 67145-1673, Iran
| | - Shashank Chetty
- Interventional Regenerative Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Abantika Ganguly
- Interventional Regenerative Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Shobha Regmi
- Interventional Regenerative Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Tina Fløyel
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Simranjeet Kaur
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Aashiq H Mirza
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Avnesh S Thakor
- Interventional Regenerative Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Flemming Pociot
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Reza Yarani
- Interventional Regenerative Innovation at Stanford (IRIS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
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25
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de Tonnerre DJ, Medina Torres CE, Stefanovski D, Robinson MA, Kemp KL, Bertin FR, van Eps AW. Effect of sirolimus on insulin dynamics in horses. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:703-712. [PMID: 36840433 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sirolimus, a mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitor, suppresses insulin production in other species and has therapeutic potential for hyperinsulinemia in horses. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVE Determine the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of sirolimus and evaluate its effect on insulin dynamics in healthy and insulin dysregulation (ID) horses. ANIMALS Eight Standardbred geldings. METHODS A PK study was performed followed by a placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover study. Blood sirolimus concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography-mass-spectrometry. PK indices were estimated by fitting a 2-compartment model using nonlinear least squares regression. An oral glucose test (OGT) was conducted before and 4, 24, 72, and 144 hours after administration of sirolimus or placebo. Effects of time, treatment and animal on blood glucose and insulin concentrations were analyzed using mixed-effects linear regression. Sirolimus was then administered to 4 horses with dexamethasone-induced ID and an OGT was performed at baseline, after ID induction and after 7 days of treatment. RESULTS Median (range) maximum sirolimus concentration was 277.0 (247.5-316.06) ng/mL at 5 (5-10) min and half-life was 3552 (3248-4767) min. Mean (range) oral bioavailability was 9.5 (6.8-12.4)%. Sirolimus had a significant effect on insulin concentration 24 hours after a single dose: median (interquartile range) insulin at 60 min (5.0 [3.7-7.0] μIU/mL) was 37 (-5 to 54)% less than placebo (8.7 [5.8-13.7] μIU/mL, P = .03); and at 120 min (10.2 [8.4-12.2] μIU/mL) was 28 (-15 to 53)% less than placebo (14.9 [8.4-24.8] μIU/mL, P = .02). There was minimal effect on glucose concentration. Insulin responses decreased toward baseline in ID horses after 7 days of treatment. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Sirolimus decreased the insulinemic response to glucose and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demia J de Tonnerre
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Darko Stefanovski
- Department of Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mary A Robinson
- Department of Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kate L Kemp
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - François-René Bertin
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew W van Eps
- Department of Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA
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26
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Sousa A, Pontes O, Andrade J, Baltazar F, Costa M, Proença F. Imidazolylpyrrolone-Based Small Molecules as Anticancer Agents for Renal Cell Carcinoma. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200519. [PMID: 36310147 PMCID: PMC10098907 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
An in silico study focused on known cancer-related target proteins, identified a selection of imidazo[4,5-b]pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyridines as potentially active. These compounds were prepared by a novel synthetic approach, designed and developed in-house, based on the reaction of 5-amino-4-cyanoformimidoyl imidazoles with N-substituted cyanoacetamides. The substituted imidazolylpyrrolones obtained, were cyclized intramolecularly to generate the intended imidazo[4,5-b]pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyridines in a process catalyzed by DBU. Treating the imidazolylpyrrolones with an excess of triethyl orthoformate and heating at 80 °C in the presence of acid catalysis led to imidazopyrrolodiazepines. These compounds were screened for their anticancer potential, using the renal cell carcinoma cell line model (A498 and 786-O cell lines). Two compounds exhibited IC50 values in the low micromolar range with a good selectivity index, when compared to non-neoplastic kidney cell line HK2 and the reference compounds rapamycin, cediranib and sunitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sousa
- Chemistry Department, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Olívia Pontes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Juliana Andrade
- Chemistry Department, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Fátima Baltazar
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Marta Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Proença
- Chemistry Department, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
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27
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Chemically inducible split protein regulators for mammalian cells. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:64-71. [PMID: 36163385 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chemically inducible systems represent valuable synthetic biology tools that enable the external control of biological processes. However, their translation to therapeutic applications has been limited because of unfavorable ligand characteristics or the immunogenicity of xenogeneic protein domains. To address these issues, we present a strategy for engineering inducible split protein regulators (INSPIRE) in which ligand-binding proteins of human origin are split into two fragments that reassemble in the presence of a cognate physiological ligand or clinically approved drug. We show that the INSPIRE platform can be used for dynamic, orthogonal and multiplex control of gene expression in mammalian cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate the functionality of a glucocorticoid-responsive INSPIRE platform in vivo and apply it for perturbing an endogenous regulatory network. INSPIRE presents a generalizable approach toward designing small-molecule responsive systems that can be implemented for the construction of new sensors, regulatory networks and therapeutic applications.
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28
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Feng Y, Xu J, Shi M, Liu R, Zhao L, Chen X, Li M, Zhao Y, Chen J, Du W, Liu P. COX7A1 enhances the sensitivity of human NSCLC cells to cystine deprivation-induced ferroptosis via regulating mitochondrial metabolism. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:988. [PMID: 36418320 PMCID: PMC9684511 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05430-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
COX7A1, a subunit of cytochrome c oxidase, holds an important position in the super-assembly which integrates into multi-unit heteromeric complexes peripherally in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). Recently, some studies indicated the significant potential of COX7A1 in cancer metabolism and therapy. However, the underlying metabolic process and therapy mechanism remain unclear. In this study, COX7A1-overexpressed cell line was established via lentivirus transduction. The relationship between COX7A1 and ferroptosis, a novel form of cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, was further analyzed in different human non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells respectively. Our results showed that COX7A1 increased the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to the ferroptosis induced by cysteine deprivation via enhancing the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the activity of complex IV in mitochondrial ETC. Meanwhile, COX7A1 suppressed mitochondrial dynamics as well as mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy through blocking autophagic flux. The autophagy activator, rapamycin, relieved the autophagic blockage and further strengthened the sensitivity to cysteine deprivation-induced ferroptosis of NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our data indicate the close association of COX7A1 with cysteine deprivation-induced ferroptosis, and provide a novel insight into the therapy mode against human NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetong Feng
- grid.452672.00000 0004 1757 5804National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China ,grid.452672.00000 0004 1757 5804Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiayi Xu
- grid.452672.00000 0004 1757 5804National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China ,grid.452672.00000 0004 1757 5804International Joint Research Center on Cell Stress and Disease Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China ,grid.452672.00000 0004 1757 5804Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Mengjiao Shi
- grid.452672.00000 0004 1757 5804National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China ,grid.452672.00000 0004 1757 5804International Joint Research Center on Cell Stress and Disease Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China ,grid.452672.00000 0004 1757 5804Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Rongrong Liu
- grid.452672.00000 0004 1757 5804National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China ,grid.452672.00000 0004 1757 5804International Joint Research Center on Cell Stress and Disease Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China ,grid.452672.00000 0004 1757 5804Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- grid.263817.90000 0004 1773 1790Ambulatory Surgical Center, The 2nd Clinical medical College (Shenzhen People’s Hospital) of Jinan University, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Chen
- grid.263817.90000 0004 1773 1790Department of Laboratory Medicine, The 2nd Clinical medical College (Shenzhen People’s Hospital) of Jinan University, The 1st Affiliated Hospitals of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- grid.452672.00000 0004 1757 5804National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China ,grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yaping Zhao
- grid.452672.00000 0004 1757 5804National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China ,grid.452672.00000 0004 1757 5804International Joint Research Center on Cell Stress and Disease Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China ,grid.452672.00000 0004 1757 5804Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- grid.263817.90000 0004 1773 1790Ambulatory Surgical Center, The 2nd Clinical medical College (Shenzhen People’s Hospital) of Jinan University, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenjing Du
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032The Postdoctoral Research Station, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- grid.452672.00000 0004 1757 5804National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China ,grid.452672.00000 0004 1757 5804International Joint Research Center on Cell Stress and Disease Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China ,grid.452672.00000 0004 1757 5804Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Hepatic & Splenic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related To Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an, China
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29
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Incidence, Risk Factors and Clinical Implications of Glucose Metabolic Changes after Heart Transplant. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112704. [DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) arising de novo after transplant is a common complication, sharing many features with type 2 DM but also specific causes, such as administration of steroids and immunosuppressive drugs. Although post-transplant DM (PTDM) is generally assumed to worsen recipients’ outcomes, its impact on renal function, cardiac allograft vasculopathy and mortality remains understudied in heart transplant (HT). We evaluated incidence and risk factors of PTDM and studied glucose metabolic alterations in relation to major HT outcomes. 119 subjects were included in this retrospective, single centre, observational study. A comprehensive assessment of glucose metabolic state was done pre-transplant and a median of 60 months [IQR 30–72] after transplant. Most patients were males (75.6%), with prior non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (64.7%) and median age of 58 years [IQR 48–63]. 14 patients developed PTDM, an incidence of 3.2 cases/100 patient-years. Patients with worsening glucose metabolic pattern were the only who showed a significant increase of BMI and metabolic syndrome prevalence after transplant. 23 (19.3%) patients died during follow up. Early mortality was lower in those with stably normal glucose metabolism, whereas improvement of glucose metabolic state favorably affected mid-term mortality (log-rank p = 0.028). No differences were observed regarding risk of infections and cancer. PTDM is common, but glucose metabolism may also improve after HT. PTDM is strictly related with BMI increase and metabolic syndrome development and may impact recipient survival.
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30
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Oh SJ, Lee MS. Role of Autophagy in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes and Therapeutic Potential of Autophagy Modulators in the Treatment of Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e276. [PMID: 36163475 PMCID: PMC9512677 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is critically involved in the maintenance of intracellular nutrient homeostasis and organelle function. Dysregulated autophagy is likely to play a role in the development of metabolic disorders and diabetes because autophagy is critical in the rejuvenation of dysfunctional or stressed endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria that play a crucial role in the development of diabetes. Indeed, systemic autophagy insufficiency led to the increased tissue lipid content, aggravated metabolic and finally more severe diabetes when metabolic stress was imposed, suggesting that autophagy insufficiency of dysfunction of lysosome, an effector organelle of autophagy, due to aging, genetic predisposition or environmental factors could be an underlying cause of diabetes. Conversely, autophagy enhancer could improve metabolic profile of obese mice by reducing tissue lipid content and ameliorating metabolic inflammation. Furthermore, clearance of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) oligomer and amyloid that accumulate in pancreatic islets of > 90% of diabetes patients was also dependent on autophagy. Consistently, autophagy enhancer could improve glucose profile and β-cell function of transgenic mice expressing amyloidogenic hIAPP in pancreatic β-cells, which was accompanied by reduced accumulation of hIAPP oligomer or amyloid, ameliorated β-cell apoptosis and increased β-cell mass. These results suggest that autophagy enhancer could be a novel therapeutic modality against diabetes associated with lipid overload and human diabetes characterized by islet amyloid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Oh
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea.
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31
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Ponticelli C, Citterio F. Non-Immunologic Causes of Late Death-Censored Kidney Graft Failure: A Personalized Approach. J Pers Med 2022; 12:1271. [PMID: 36013220 PMCID: PMC9410103 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12081271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite continuous advances in surgical and immunosuppressive protocols, the long-term survival of transplanted kidneys is still far from being satisfactory. Antibody-mediated rejection, recurrent autoimmune diseases, and death with functioning graft are the most frequent causes of late-kidney allograft failure. However, in addition to these complications, a number of other non-immunologic events may impair the function of transplanted kidneys and directly or indirectly lead to their failure. In this narrative review, we will list and discuss the most important nonimmune causes of late death-censored kidney graft failure, including quality of the donated kidney, adherence to prescriptions, drug toxicities, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, new onset diabetes mellitus, hyperuricemia, and lifestyle of the renal transplant recipient. For each of these risk factors, we will report the etiopathogenesis and the potential consequences on graft function, keeping in mind that in many cases, two or more risk factors may negatively interact together.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Franco Citterio
- Renal Transplant Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
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Marzoog BA, Vlasova TI. Beta-cell autophagy under the scope of hypoglycemic drugs; possible mechanism as a novel therapeutic target. OBESITY AND METABOLISM 2022. [DOI: 10.14341/omet12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Physiologically, autophagy is a major protective mechanism of β-cells from apoptosis, through can reserve normal β- cell mass and inhibit the progression of β-cells destruction. Beta-cell mass can be affected by differentiation from progenitors and de-differentiation as well as self-renewal and apoptosis. Shred evidence indicated that hypoglycemic drugs can induce β-cell proliferation capacity and neogenesis via autophagy stimulation. However, prolonged use of selective hypoglycemic drugs has induced pancreatitis besides several other factors that contribute to β-cell destruction and apoptosis initiation. Interestingly, some nonhypoglycemic medications possess the same effects on β-cells but depending on the combination of these drugs and the duration of exposure to β-cells. The paper comprehensively illustrates the role of the hypoglycemic drugs on the insulin-producing cells and the pathogeneses of β-cell destruction in type 2 diabetes mellitus, in addition to the regulation mechanisms of β-cells division in norm and pathology. The grasping of the hypoglycemic drug’s role in beta-cell is clinically crucial to evaluate novel therapeutic targets such as new signaling pathways. The present paper addresses a new strategy for diabetes mellitus management via targeting specific autophagy inducer factors (transcription factors, genes, lipid molecules, etc.).
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Park K, Lee MS. Current Status of Autophagy Enhancers in Metabolic Disorders and Other Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:811701. [PMID: 35237600 PMCID: PMC8882819 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.811701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is pivotal in the maintenance of organelle function and intracellular nutrient balance. Besides the role of autophagy in the homeostasis and physiology of the individual tissues and whole organism in vivo, dysregulated autophagy has been incriminated in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases including metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory or immunological disorders, cancer and aging. Search for autophagy modulators has been widely conducted to amend dysregulation of autophagy or pharmacologically modulate autophagy in those diseases. Current data support the view that autophagy modulation could be a new modality for treatment of metabolic syndrome associated with lipid overload, human-type diabetes characterized by deposition of islet amyloid or other diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, infection and cardiovascular diseases. While clinically available bona fide autophagy modulators have not been developed yet, it is expected that on-going investigation will lead to the development of authentic autophagy modulators that can be safely administered to patients in the near future and will open a new horizon for treatment of incurable or difficult diseases.
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Abstract
CONTEXT Though posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM, occurring > 45 days after transplantation) and its complications are well described, early post-renal transplant hyperglycemia (EPTH) (< 45 days) similarly puts kidney transplant recipients at risk of infections, rehospitalizations, and graft failure and is not emphasized much in the literature. Proactive screening and management of EPTH is required given these consequences. OBJECTIVE The aim of this article is to promote recognition of early post-renal transplant hyperglycemia, and to summarize available information on its pathophysiology, adverse effects, and management. METHODS A PubMed search was conducted for "early post-renal transplant hyperglycemia," "immediate posttransplant hyperglycemia," "post-renal transplant diabetes," "renal transplant," "diabetes," and combinations of these terms. EPTH is associated with significant complications including acute graft failure, rehospitalizations, cardiovascular events, PTDM, and infections. CONCLUSION Patients with diabetes experience better glycemic control in end-stage renal disease (ESRD), with resurgence of hyperglycemia after kidney transplant. Patients with and without known diabetes are at risk of EPTH. Risk factors include elevated pretransplant fasting glucose, diabetes, glucocorticoids, chronic infections, and posttransplant infections. We find that EPTH increases risk of re-hospitalizations from infections (cytomegalovirus, possibly COVID-19), acute graft rejections, cardiovascular events, and PTDM. It is essential, therefore, to provide diabetes education to patients before discharge. Insulin remains the standard of care while inpatient. Close follow-up after discharge is recommended for insulin adjustment. Some agents like dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists have shown promise. The tenuous kidney function in the early posttransplant period and lack of data limit the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. There is a need for studies assessing noninsulin agents for EPTH to decrease risk of hypoglycemia associated with insulin and long-term complications of EPTH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anira Iqbal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Keren Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sangeeta R Kashyap
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - M Cecilia Lansang
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
- Corresponding author: M. Cecilia Lansang, MD, MPH, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, F-20, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 Phone: 216-445-5246 x 4, Fax: (216) 445-1656,
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Tshering S, Dorji N, Youden S, Wangchuk D. Maternal sirolimus therapy and fetal growth restriction. Arch Clin Cases 2021; 8:19-24. [PMID: 34754935 PMCID: PMC8565690 DOI: 10.22551/2021.31.0802.10180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction associated with continued maternal sirolimus therapy in pregnancy has not been reported. We hereby present a case of maternal sirolimus therapy resulting in fetal growth restriction and propose a multi-hit model. This hypothetic model is based on inhibition of mTOR signaling pathway and epigenetic modulation. This case report adds to the paucity of literature on continued monotherapeutic maternal sirolimus in pregnancy and its adverse fetal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangay Tshering
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Namkha Dorji
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Sonam Youden
- Faculty of Post Graduate Medicine, Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences of Bhutan, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Dorji Wangchuk
- Faculty of Post Graduate Medicine, Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences of Bhutan, Thimphu, Bhutan
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Hormetic effect of low doses of rapamycin triggers anti-aging cascades in WRL-68 cells by modulating an mTOR-mitochondria cross-talk. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:463-476. [PMID: 34739690 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06898-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapamycin is hormetic in nature-it demonstrates contrasting effects at high and low doses. It is toxic at moderate/high doses, while it can restrain aging and extend lifespan at low doses. However, it is not fully understood how rapamycin governs cellular aging. On the other hand, aging is putatively correlated to mitochondrial dysregulation. Although previous studies have suggested that hormetic (low) doses of rapamycin can cause partial/incomplete inhibition of mTOR, the actual modus operandi of how such partial mTOR inhibition might modulate the mTOR-mitochondria cross-talk remained to be deciphered in the context of cellular aging. The present study was designed to understand the hormetic effects of rapamycin on cellular factors that govern aging-associated changes in mitochondrial facets, such as functional and metabolic homeostases, sustenance of membrane potential, biogenesis, mitophagy, and oxidative injury to mitochondrial macromolecules. METHODS AND RESULTS WRL-68 cells treated (24 h) with variable doses of rapamycin were studied for estimating their viability, apoptosis, senescence, mitochondrial density and Δψm. Expression levels of key functional proteins were estimated by immunofluorescence/immunoblots. Oxidative damage to mtDNA/mtRNA/proteins was measured in mitochondrial lysates. We demonstrated that hormetic doses (0.1 and 1 nM) of rapamycin can alleviate aging-associated mitochondrial dyshomeostasis in WRL-68 cells, such as oxidative injury to mitochondrial nucleic acids and proteins, as well as disequilibrium of mitochondrial density, membrane potential, biogenesis, mitophagy and overall metabolism. CONCLUSIONS We established that low doses of rapamycin can hormetically amend the mTOR-mitochondria cross-talk, and can consequently promote anti-aging outcome in cells.
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Bentley ER, Little SR. Local delivery strategies to restore immune homeostasis in the context of inflammation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113971. [PMID: 34530013 PMCID: PMC8556365 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immune homeostasis is maintained by a precise balance between effector immune cells and regulatory immune cells. Chronic deviations from immune homeostasis, driven by a greater ratio of effector to regulatory cues, can promote the development and propagation of inflammatory diseases/conditions (i.e., autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection, etc.). Current methods to treat chronic inflammation rely upon systemic administration of non-specific small molecules, resulting in broad immunosuppression with unwanted side effects. Consequently, recent studies have developed more localized and specific immunomodulatory approaches to treat inflammation through the use of local biomaterial-based delivery systems. In particular, this review focuses on (1) local biomaterial-based delivery systems, (2) common materials used for polymeric-delivery systems and (3) emerging immunomodulatory trends used to treat inflammation with increased specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Bentley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States.
| | - Steven R Little
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 940 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Department of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Forbes Tower, Suite 7057, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, 203 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
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38
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Gouda K, AbdelHamid S, Mansour A, Omar N, El-Mesallamy H. Amelioration of Diabetic Nephropathy by Targeting Autophagy via Rapamycin or Fasting: Relation to Cell Apoptosis/Survival. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:1698-1714. [PMID: 34698133 PMCID: PMC8928967 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy has been demonstrated to have a beneficial effect on diabetic nephropathy (DN). Rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR, was shown to stimulate β-cell autophagy. However, its effects on preventing or ameliorating DN is unclear, and its effects are worth studying. As fasting is now an attractive protective strategy, we aim to compare its effect to rapamycin effects on pancreatic and renal cells. Twenty-eight adult male Wistar Albino rats were randomly divided into four groups, using streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes mellitus (DM). Autophagy was induced by two ways; rapamycin or fasting. The extent of autophagy and apoptosis were investigated by measuring the level of LC3B and p53 proteins, respectively, in pancreatic and kidney tissues using Western blotting (WB) technique and imaging the renal cells under transmission electron microscope. The efflux transporter P-glycoprotein was quantified by WB as well. Rapamycin-induced autophagy occurred concurrently with apoptosis. On the other hand, fasting supported P-glycoprotein recovery and renal cell survival together with disabling β-cells apoptosis. In conclusion, this study provides a potential link between rapamycin or fasting for the cross-regulation of apoptosis and autophagy in the setting of cell stress as DN. Unlike rapamycin, fasting enhanced the active expression of ABCB1 efflux protein, providing insights on the potential ameliorative effects of fasting in DN that require further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Gouda
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo 12055, Egypt; (K.G.); (N.O.)
| | - Sherihan AbdelHamid
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed Mansour
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt;
| | - Nesreen Omar
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo 12055, Egypt; (K.G.); (N.O.)
| | - Hala El-Mesallamy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
- Dean of Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, North Sinai 45518, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-106-1669-913
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Shui S, Gainza P, Scheller L, Yang C, Kurumida Y, Rosset S, Georgeon S, Di Roberto RB, Castellanos-Rueda R, Reddy ST, Correia BE. A rational blueprint for the design of chemically-controlled protein switches. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5754. [PMID: 34599176 PMCID: PMC8486872 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25735-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-molecule responsive protein switches are crucial components to control synthetic cellular activities. However, the repertoire of small-molecule protein switches is insufficient for many applications, including those in the translational spaces, where properties such as safety, immunogenicity, drug half-life, and drug side-effects are critical. Here, we present a computational protein design strategy to repurpose drug-inhibited protein-protein interactions as OFF- and ON-switches. The designed binders and drug-receptors form chemically-disruptable heterodimers (CDH) which dissociate in the presence of small molecules. To design ON-switches, we converted the CDHs into a multi-domain architecture which we refer to as activation by inhibitor release switches (AIR) that incorporate a rationally designed drug-insensitive receptor protein. CDHs and AIRs showed excellent performance as drug responsive switches to control combinations of synthetic circuits in mammalian cells. This approach effectively expands the chemical space and logic responses in living cells and provides a blueprint to develop new ON- and OFF-switches. Small-molecule responsive protein switches are crucial components to control synthetic cellular activities. Here, we present a computational protein design strategy to repurpose drug-inhibited protein-protein interactions into OFF- and ON-switches active in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailan Shui
- Laboratory of Protein Design and Immunoengineering (LPDI) - STI - EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Gainza
- Laboratory of Protein Design and Immunoengineering (LPDI) - STI - EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Leo Scheller
- Laboratory of Protein Design and Immunoengineering (LPDI) - STI - EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Che Yang
- Laboratory of Protein Design and Immunoengineering (LPDI) - STI - EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Yoichi Kurumida
- Department of Life Science, School and Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Stéphane Rosset
- Laboratory of Protein Design and Immunoengineering (LPDI) - STI - EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Georgeon
- Laboratory of Protein Design and Immunoengineering (LPDI) - STI - EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Raphaël B Di Roberto
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Sai T Reddy
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bruno E Correia
- Laboratory of Protein Design and Immunoengineering (LPDI) - STI - EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland.
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Kim D, Hwang HY, Kwon HJ. A natural small molecule induces MAPT clearance via mTOR-independent autophagy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 568:30-36. [PMID: 34174539 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, the process of lysosomal degradation of biological materials within cells, is often halted abnormally in proteopathies, such as tauopathy and amyloidopathy. Thus, autophagy regulators that rescue dysregulated autophagy have great potential to treat proteopathies. We previously reported that the natural small molecule kaempferide (Kaem) induces autophagy without perturbing mTOR signaling. Here, we report that Kaem promotes lysosomal degradation of microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) in inducible MAPT cells. Kaem enhanced autophagy flux by mitigating microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) accumulation when MAPT expression was induced. Kaem also promoted activation of transcription factor EB (TFEB) without inhibiting mTOR and without mTOR inhibition-mediated cytotoxicity. In addition, Kaem-induced MAPT degradation was abolished in the absence of mitochondrial elongation factor Tu (TUFM), which was previously shown to be a direct binding partner of Kaem. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Kaem could be a potential therapeutic for tauopathy and reveal that TUFM can be a drug target for autophagy-driven disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasol Kim
- Chemical Genomics Global Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Yun Hwang
- Chemical Genomics Global Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jeong Kwon
- Chemical Genomics Global Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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41
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Kalugina KK, Sukhareva KS, Churkinа AI, Kostareva AA. Autophagy as a Pathogenetic Link and
a Target for Therapy of Musculoskeletal System Diseases. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021030145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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42
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Magadum A, Singh N, Kurian AA, Sharkar MTK, Sultana N, Chepurko E, Kaur K, Żak MM, Hadas Y, Lebeche D, Sahoo S, Hajjar R, Zangi L. Therapeutic Delivery of Pip4k2c-Modified mRNA Attenuates Cardiac Hypertrophy and Fibrosis in the Failing Heart. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2004661. [PMID: 34026458 PMCID: PMC8132051 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. One of the risk factors for HF is cardiac hypertrophy (CH), which is frequently accompanied by cardiac fibrosis (CF). CH and CF are controlled by master regulators mTORC1 and TGF-β, respectively. Type-2-phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate-4-kinase-gamma (Pip4k2c) is a known mTORC1 regulator. It is shown that Pip4k2c is significantly downregulated in the hearts of CH and HF patients as compared to non-injured hearts. The role of Pip4k2c in the heart during development and disease is unknown. It is shown that deleting Pip4k2c does not affect normal embryonic cardiac development; however, three weeks after TAC, adult Pip4k2c-/- mice has higher rates of CH, CF, and sudden death than wild-type mice. In a gain-of-function study using a TAC mouse model, Pip4k2c is transiently upregulated using a modified mRNA (modRNA) gene delivery platform, which significantly improve heart function, reverse CH and CF, and lead to increased survival. Mechanistically, it is shown that Pip4k2c inhibits TGFβ1 via its N-terminal motif, Pip5k1α, phospho-AKT 1/2/3, and phospho-Smad3. In sum, loss-and-gain-of-function studies in a TAC mouse model are used to identify Pip4k2c as a potential therapeutic target for CF, CH, and HF, for which modRNA is a highly translatable gene therapy approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Magadum
- Cardiovascular Research CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Black Family Stem Cell InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Neha Singh
- Cardiovascular Research CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Black Family Stem Cell InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Ann Anu Kurian
- Cardiovascular Research CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Black Family Stem Cell InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Mohammad Tofael Kabir Sharkar
- Cardiovascular Research CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Black Family Stem Cell InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Nishat Sultana
- Cardiovascular Research CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Black Family Stem Cell InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Elena Chepurko
- Cardiovascular Research CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Black Family Stem Cell InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Keerat Kaur
- Cardiovascular Research CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Black Family Stem Cell InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Magdalena M. Żak
- Cardiovascular Research CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Black Family Stem Cell InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Yoav Hadas
- Cardiovascular Research CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Black Family Stem Cell InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Djamel Lebeche
- Cardiovascular Research CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Susmita Sahoo
- Cardiovascular Research CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Roger Hajjar
- Phospholamban FoundationAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Lior Zangi
- Cardiovascular Research CenterIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
- Black Family Stem Cell InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
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Marfil-Garza BA, Hefler J, Bermudez De Leon M, Pawlick R, Dadheech N, Shapiro AMJ. Progress in Translational Regulatory T Cell Therapies for Type 1 Diabetes and Islet Transplantation. Endocr Rev 2021; 42:198-218. [PMID: 33247733 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaa028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have become highly relevant in the pathophysiology and treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes (T1D). As these cells are known to be defective in T1D, recent efforts have explored ex vivo and in vivo Treg expansion and enhancement as a means for restoring self-tolerance in this disease. Given their capacity to also modulate alloimmune responses, studies using Treg-based therapies have recently been undertaken in transplantation. Islet transplantation provides a unique opportunity to study the critical immunological crossroads between auto- and alloimmunity. This procedure has advanced greatly in recent years, and reports of complete abrogation of severe hypoglycemia and long-term insulin independence have become increasingly reported. It is clear that cellular transplantation has the potential to be a true cure in T1D, provided the remaining barriers of cell supply and abrogated need for immune suppression can be overcome. However, the role that Tregs play in islet transplantation remains to be defined. Herein, we synthesize the progress and current state of Treg-based therapies in T1D and islet transplantation. We provide an extensive, but concise, background to understand the physiology and function of these cells and discuss the clinical evidence supporting potency and potential Treg-based therapies in the context of T1D and islet transplantation. Finally, we discuss some areas of opportunity and potential research avenues to guide effective future clinical application. This review provides a basic framework of knowledge for clinicians and researchers involved in the care of patients with T1D and islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua Hefler
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Mario Bermudez De Leon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Noreste, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Rena Pawlick
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - A M James Shapiro
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bartolomé
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Correspondence: Alberto Bartolomé, Columbia University Medical Center, Russ Berrie Science Pavilion, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA. (); or Utpal B. Pajvani, Columbia University Medical Center, Russ Berrie Science Pavilion, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Utpal B Pajvani
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Correspondence: Alberto Bartolomé, Columbia University Medical Center, Russ Berrie Science Pavilion, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA. (); or Utpal B. Pajvani, Columbia University Medical Center, Russ Berrie Science Pavilion, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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45
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Ponticelli C, Favi E, Ferraresso M. New-Onset Diabetes after Kidney Transplantation. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:250. [PMID: 33800138 PMCID: PMC7998982 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57030250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
New-onset diabetes mellitus after transplantation (NODAT) is a frequent complication in kidney allograft recipients. It may be caused by modifiable and non-modifiable factors. The non-modifiable factors are the same that may lead to the development of type 2 diabetes in the general population, whilst the modifiable factors include peri-operative stress, hepatitis C or cytomegalovirus infection, vitamin D deficiency, hypomagnesemia, and immunosuppressive medications such as glucocorticoids, calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus more than cyclosporine), and mTOR inhibitors. The most worrying complication of NODAT are major adverse cardiovascular events which represent a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in transplanted patients. However, NODAT may also result in progressive diabetic kidney disease and is frequently associated with microvascular complications, eventually determining blindness or amputation. Preventive measures for NODAT include a careful assessment of glucose tolerance before transplantation, loss of over-weight, lifestyle modification, reduced caloric intake, and physical exercise. Concomitant measures include aggressive control of systemic blood pressure and lipids levels to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. Hypomagnesemia and low levels of vitamin D should be corrected. Immunosuppressive strategies limiting the use of diabetogenic drugs are encouraged. Many hypoglycemic drugs are available and may be used in combination with metformin in difficult cases. In patients requiring insulin treatment, the dose and type of insulin should be decided on an individual basis as insulin requirements depend on the patient's diet, amount of exercise, and renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Ponticelli
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Evaldo Favi
- Renal Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Mariano Ferraresso
- Renal Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Roles of mTOR in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020321. [PMID: 33671526 PMCID: PMC7926630 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease and the number of patients affected is increasing worldwide. Thus, there is a need to establish a new treatment for DKD to improve the renal prognosis of diabetic patients. Recently, it has shown that intracellular metabolic abnormalities are involved in the pathogenesis of DKD. In particular, the activity of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a nutrient-sensing signaling molecule, is hyperactivated in various organs of diabetic patients, which suggests the involvement of excessive mTORC1 activation in the pathogenesis of diabetes. In DKD, hyperactivated mTORC1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of podocyte damage, which causes proteinuria, and tubular cell injury that decreases renal function. Therefore, elucidating the role of mTORC1 in DKD and developing new therapeutic agents that suppress mTORC1 hyperactivity may shed new light on DKD treatments in the future.
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Kovac D, Choe J, Liu E, Scheffert J, Hedvat J, Anamisis A, Salerno D, Lange N, Jennings DL. Immunosuppression considerations in simultaneous organ transplant. Pharmacotherapy 2021; 41:59-76. [PMID: 33325558 DOI: 10.1002/phar.2495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Solid organ transplantation is a life-saving procedure for patients in the end stage of heart, lung, kidney, and liver failure. For patients with more than one failing organ, simultaneous organ transplantation has emerged as a viable treatment option. Immunosuppression strategies and outcomes for simultaneous organ transplant recipients have been reported, but often involve limited populations. Transplanting dual organs poses challenges in terms of balancing immunosuppression with immunologic risk and allograft damage from surgical complications. Furthermore, transplanting certain organs can impose considerations on the management of immunosuppression. For example, liver allografts may confer immunologic privilege and lower rates of rejection of other allografts. This review article evaluates immunosuppression strategies for simultaneous kidney-pancreas, liver-kidney, heart-kidney, heart-liver, heart-lung, lung-liver, and lung-kidney transplants. To date, no comprehensive review exists to address immunosuppressive strategies in simultaneous organ transplant populations. Our review summarizes the available literature and provides evidence-based recommendations regarding immunosuppression strategies in simultaneous organ transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Kovac
- Department of Pharmacy, NewYork-Presbyterian Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jason Choe
- Department of Pharmacy, NewYork-Presbyterian Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Esther Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, NewYork-Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jenna Scheffert
- Department of Pharmacy, NewYork-Presbyterian Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jessica Hedvat
- Department of Pharmacy, NewYork-Presbyterian Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anastasia Anamisis
- Department of Pharmacy, NewYork-Presbyterian Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - David Salerno
- Department of Pharmacy, NewYork-Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nicholas Lange
- Department of Pharmacy, NewYork-Presbyterian Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Douglas L Jennings
- Department of Pharmacy, NewYork-Presbyterian Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Division of Pharmacy Practice, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, New York, New York, USA
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Chevallier E, Jouve T, Rostaing L, Malvezzi P, Noble J. pre-existing diabetes and PTDM in kidney transplant recipients: how to handle immunosuppression. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2020; 14:55-66. [PMID: 33196346 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2021.1851596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preexisting diabetes (PD) and post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) are common and severe comorbidities posttransplantation. The immunosuppressive regimens are modifiable risk factors. AREAS COVERED We reviewed Pubmed and Cochrane database and we summarize the mechanisms and impacts of available immunosuppressive treatments on the risk of PD and PTDM. We also assess the possible management of these drugs to improve glycemic parameters while considering risks inherent in transplantation. EXPERT OPINION PD i) increases the risk of sepsis, ii) is an independent risk factor for infection-related mortality, and iii) increases acute rejection risk. Regarding PTDM development i) immunosuppressive strategies without corticosteroids significantly reduce the risk but the price may be a higher incidence of rejection; ii) minimization or rapid withdrawal of steroids are two valuable approaches; iii) the diabetogenic role of calcineurin inhibitors(CNIs) is also well-described and is more important for tacrolimus than for cyclosporine. Reducing tacrolimus-exposure may improve glycemic parameters but also has a higher risk of rejection. PTDM risk is higher in patients that receive sirolimus compared to mycophenolate mofetil. Finally, conversion from CNIs to belatacept may offer the best benefits to PTDM-recipients in terms of glycemic parameters, graft and patient-outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloi Chevallier
- Service De Néphrologie, Hémodialyse, Aphérèses Et Transplantation Rénale, CHU Grenoble-Alpes , Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Jouve
- Service De Néphrologie, Hémodialyse, Aphérèses Et Transplantation Rénale, CHU Grenoble-Alpes , Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble, France
| | - Lionel Rostaing
- Service De Néphrologie, Hémodialyse, Aphérèses Et Transplantation Rénale, CHU Grenoble-Alpes , Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble, France
| | - Paolo Malvezzi
- Service De Néphrologie, Hémodialyse, Aphérèses Et Transplantation Rénale, CHU Grenoble-Alpes , Grenoble, France
| | - Johan Noble
- Service De Néphrologie, Hémodialyse, Aphérèses Et Transplantation Rénale, CHU Grenoble-Alpes , Grenoble, France
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Deng W, Li Y, Ren Z, He Q, Jia Y, Liu Y, Zhang W, Gan X, Liu D. Thioredoxin-interacting protein: a critical link between autophagy disorders and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Endocrine 2020; 70:526-537. [PMID: 32892310 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02471-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is a known important regulatory protein of islet β-cell biology and function, but the detailed mechanism is not clear. Autophagy plays a pivotal role in maintaining cellular homoeostasis. This study aimed to elucidate the influence of TXNIP on the autophagy of β-cell. In this study, C57BL/6 mice and TXNIP-/- mice were fed with a standard diet (SD) or a high-fat and high-sugar diet (HFSD), and then we analysed biochemical and autophagy related indexes in the mice. We infected MIN6 cells with LV-TXNIP and siRNA TXNIP, then the cells were treated with free fatty acid (FFA), autophagic activator rapamycin (RAP), inhibitors of autophagy chloroquine (CQ) and bafilomycin A1(BAF), finally, we examined the changes of autophagy in MIN6 cells. The results showed that HFSD led to β-cell dysfunction and autophagy dysregulation, which was improved by TXNIP knockout in mice. In vitro experiments, TXNIP gene silencing enhanced LC3B-I conversion to LC3B-II, reduced the protein level of P62, decreased autophagosome accumulation induced by FFA treatment, increased the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and autophagic flux inhibited by treatment with CQ. TXNIP overexpression induced upregulation of LC3B-I, LC3B-II and P62, accentuating the increase in autophagy and organelle destruction induced by FFA, and exacerbated the effect of BAF on the accumulation of autophagy proteins. Increasing TXNIP levels reduced GSIS, which was reversed by treatment with RAP. In summary, our study suggested that TXNIP is a critical link between autophagy disorders and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhen Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400010, Chongqing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Qianjiang Central Hospital of Chongqing, 409000, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400010, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziyu Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400010, Chongqing, China
| | - Qirui He
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400010, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanjun Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400010, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400010, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400010, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianfeng Gan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, 610072, Chengdu, China.
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 400010, Chongqing, China.
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50
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Aoyama S, Nishida Y, Fujitani Y, Fukunaka A, Miyatsuka T, Suzuki L, Himuro M, Yoshimori T, Watada H. Rubicon in pancreatic beta cells plays a limited role in maintaining glucose homeostasis following increased insulin resistance. Endocr J 2020; 67:1119-1126. [PMID: 32669482 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej20-0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy has been reported to play a crucial role in the maintenance of intracellular homeostasis, including in pancreatic beta cells. Rubicon, which interacts with the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) complex, through autophagy-related 14 (ATG14), is among the few autophagy regulators that have been reported to inhibit autophagic flux to date and the deletion of Rubicon has been shown to increase autophagic flux. Based on previous results showing a causal relationship between autophagic dysfunction and pancreatic beta-cell impairment, we hypothesized that the deletion of Rubicon in pancreatic beta cells would improve cell integrity and confer protective effects. To test this hypothesis, we first confirmed that Rubicon knockdown (KD) promoted autophagic flux in βTC3 pancreatic beta-cell line. Next, we generated pancreatic beta-cell-specific Rubicon knockout (βKO) mice, by administering tamoxifen to Rubiconflox/flox:MIP-Cre-ERT mice, which showed normal glucose tolerance and insulin secretion under a normal chow diet, despite successful gene recombination. We also attempted to increase insulin resistance by feeding the mice with a high-fat diet for an additional 2 months to find little differences among the parameters evaluated for glucose metabolism. Finally, severe insulin resistance was induced with insulin receptor antagonist treatment, which resulted in comparable glucose homeostasis measurements between Rubicon βKO and control mice. In summary, these results suggest that in pancreatic beta cells, Rubicon plays a limited role in the maintenance of systemic glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Aoyama
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yuya Nishida
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yoshio Fujitani
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Metabolism, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
| | - Ayako Fukunaka
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Metabolism, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma 371-8512, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyatsuka
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Center for Identification of Diabetic Therapeutic Targets, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Luka Suzuki
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Center for Identification of Diabetic Therapeutic Targets, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Miwa Himuro
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Center for Identification of Diabetic Therapeutic Targets, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Department of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Center for Identification of Diabetic Therapeutic Targets, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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