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Li X, Pham K, Ysaguirre J, Mahmud I, Tan L, Wei B, Shao LJ, Elizondo M, Habib R, Elizondo F, Sesaki H, Lorenzi PL, Sun K. Mechanistic Insights into Metabolic Function of Dynamin-Related Protein 1 (DRP1). J Lipid Res 2024:100633. [PMID: 39182608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
DRP1 plays crucial roles in mitochondrial and peroxisome fission. However, the mechanisms underlying the functional regulation of DRP1 in adipose tissue during obesity remain unclear. To elucidate the metabolic and pathological significance of diminished DRP1 in obese adipose tissue, we utilized adipose tissue-specific DRP1 KO mice challenged with an HFD. We observed significant metabolic dysregulations in the KO mice. Mechanistically, DRP1 exerts multifaceted functions in mitochondrial dynamics and ER-lipid droplet cross-talk in normal mice. Loss-of-function of DRP1 resulted in abnormally giant mitochondrial shapes, distorted mitochondrial membrane structure, and disrupted cristae architecture. Meanwhile, DRP1 deficiency induced the retention of nascent lipid droplets in ER, leading to perturbed overall lipid dynamics in the KO mice. Collectively, dysregulation of the dynamics of mitochondria, ER, and lipid droplets contributes to whole-body metabolic disorders, as evidenced by perturbations in energy metabolites. Our findings demonstrate that DRP1 plays a pivotal role in energy homeostasis in adipose tissue during obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katherine Pham
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jazmin Ysaguirre
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Iqbal Mahmud
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Lin Tan
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Bo Wei
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Long J Shao
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maryam Elizondo
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rabie Habib
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fathima Elizondo
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Philip L Lorenzi
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Kai Sun
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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McClure JJ, McIlroy GD, Symons RA, Clark SM, Cunningham I, Han W, Kania K, Colella F, Rochford JJ, De Bari C, Roelofs AJ. Disentangling the detrimental effects of local from systemic adipose tissue dysfunction on articular cartilage in the knee. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2024:S1063-4584(24)01312-8. [PMID: 39103079 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2024.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity increases osteoarthritis (OA) risk due to adipose tissue dysfunction with associated metabolic syndrome and excess weight. Lipodystrophy syndromes exhibit systemic metabolic and inflammatory abnormalities similar to obesity without biomechanical overloading. Here, we used lipodystrophy mouse models to investigate the effects of systemic versus intra-articular adipose tissue dysfunction on the knee. METHODS Intra-articular adipose tissue development was studied using reporter mice. Mice with selective lipodystrophy of intra-articular adipose tissue were generated by conditional knockout (cKO) of Bscl2 in Gdf5-lineage cells, and compared with whole-body Bscl2 knockout (KO) mice with generalised lipodystrophy and associated systemic metabolic dysfunction. OA was induced by surgically destabilising the medial meniscus (DMM) and obesity by high-fat diet (HFD). Gene expression was analysed by quantitative RT-PCR and tissues were analysed histologically. RESULTS The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP), in contrast to overlying subcutaneous adipose tissue, developed from a template established from the Gdf5-expressing joint interzone during late embryogenesis, and was populated shortly after birth by adipocytes stochastically arising from Pdgfrα-expressing Gdf5-lineage progenitors. While female Bscl2 KO mice with generalised lipodystrophy developed spontaneous knee cartilage damage, Bscl2 cKO mice with intra-articular lipodystrophy did not, despite the presence of synovial hyperplasia and inflammation of the residual IFP. Furthermore, male Bscl2 cKO mice showed no worse cartilage damage after DMM. However, female Bscl2 cKO mice showed increased susceptibility to the cartilage-damaging effects of HFD-induced obesity. CONCLUSION Our findings emphasise the prevalent role of systemic metabolic and inflammatory effects in impairing cartilage homeostasis, with a modulatory role for intra-articular adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J McClure
- Arthritis & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - George D McIlroy
- The Rowett Institute and Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Rebecca A Symons
- Arthritis & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Susan M Clark
- Arthritis & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Iain Cunningham
- Arthritis & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Weiping Han
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A⁎STAR), Singapore
| | - Karolina Kania
- Arthritis & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Fabio Colella
- Arthritis & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Justin J Rochford
- The Rowett Institute and Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Cosimo De Bari
- Arthritis & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Anke J Roelofs
- Arthritis & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
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Wang CW, Chen RH, Chen YK. The lipid droplet assembly complex consists of seipin and four accessory factors in budding yeast. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107534. [PMID: 38981533 PMCID: PMC11342095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Seipin, a crucial protein for cellular lipid droplet (LD) assembly, oligomerizes at the interface between the endoplasmic reticulum and LDs to facilitate neutral lipid packaging. Using proximity labeling, we identified four proteins-Ldo45, Ldo16, Tgl4, and Pln1-that are recruited to the vicinity of yeast seipin, the Sei1-Ldb16 complex, exclusively when seipin function is intact, hence termed seipin accessory factors. Localization studies identified Tgl4 at the endoplasmic reticulum-LD contact site, in contrast to Ldo45, Ldo16, and Pln1 at the LD surface. Cells with compromised seipin function resulted in uneven distribution of these proteins with aberrant LDs, supporting a central role of seipin in orchestrating their association with the LD. Overexpression of any seipin accessory factor causes LD aggregation and affects a subset of LD protein distribution, highlighting the importance of their stoichiometry. Although single factor mutations show minor LD morphology changes, the combined mutations have additive effects. Lastly, we present evidence that seipin accessory factors assemble and interact with seipin in the absence of neutral lipids and undergo dynamical rearrangements during LD formation induction, with Ldo45 acting as a central hub recruiting other factors to interact with the seipin complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Wen Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Rey-Huei Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kai Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Li C, Sun XN, Funcke JB, Vanharanta L, Joffin N, Li Y, Prasanna X, Paredes M, Joung C, Gordillo R, Vörös C, Kulig W, Straub L, Chen S, Velasco J, Cobb A, Padula DL, Wang MY, Onodera T, Varlamov O, Li Y, Liu C, Nawrocki AR, Zhao S, Oh DY, Wang ZV, Goodman JM, Wynn RM, Vattulainen I, Han Y, Ikonen E, Scherer PE. Adipogenin Dictates Adipose Tissue Expansion by Facilitating the Assembly of a Dodecameric Seipin Complex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.25.605195. [PMID: 39211078 PMCID: PMC11360994 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.25.605195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Adipogenin (Adig) is an evolutionarily conserved microprotein and is highly expressed in adipose tissues and testis. Here, we identify Adig as a critical regulator for lipid droplet formation in adipocytes. We determine that Adig interacts directly with seipin, leading to the formation of a rigid complex. We solve the structure of the seipin/Adig complex by Cryo-EM at 2.98Å overall resolution. Surprisingly, seipin can form two unique oligomers, undecamers and dodecamers. Adig selectively binds to the dodecameric seipin complex. We further find that Adig promotes seipin assembly by stabilizing and bridging adjacent seipin subunits. Functionally, Adig plays a key role in generating lipid droplets in adipocytes. In mice, inducible overexpression of Adig in adipocytes substantially increases fat mass, with enlarged lipid droplets. It also elevates thermogenesis during cold exposure. In contrast, inducible adipocyte-specific Adig knockout mice manifest aberrant lipid droplet formation in brown adipose tissues and impaired cold tolerance.
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Han X, Li C, Qin G, Wang X, Zhang B, Lin Q. Growth increase and gonadal dysfunction of the lined seahorse triggered by zinc exposure. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 272:106947. [PMID: 38776607 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Seahorses are characterized by unique characteristics such as a male pregnancy reproductive strategy and grasping preferences, which make these species vulnerable to various environmental risks. Zinc (Zn) is one of the most frequently occurring toxic elements in coastal waters; however, little is known about the effect of Zn exposure on seahorses. In the present study, line seahorses (Hippocampus erectus) were exposed to waterborne Zn (0.2 and 1.0 mg/L) and the impact on growth and gonadal development was investigated. Zn exposure induced growth improvement, but also led to gonadal dysfunction in the lined seahorse. Female seahorses exhibited high testosterone levels, immature follicles, and weight increase after Zn exposure, which is the typical characteristics of a polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)-like phenotype. Transcriptomic data suggested that the Zn-induced growth promotion resulted from the dysregulated expression of fat accumulation genes. Further investigation of gene expression profiles in the brain, ovaries, and testes indicated that Zn affected the expression of genes involved in growth, immunity, tissue remodeling, and gonadal development by regulating serum steroid hormone levels and androgen receptor expression. This study not only clarifies the complex impact of Zn on seahorses using physiological, histological, and molecular evidence but can also provide new insights into the mechanism underlying PCOS in reproductive-aged women. Moreover, this work demonstrates the risk of the common practice of Zn supplementation in the aquaculture industry as the consequent growth yield may not represent a healthy condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Geng Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Xin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
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Cui W, Yang J, Tu C, Zhang Z, Zhao H, Qiao Y, Li Y, Yang W, Lim KL, Ma Q, Zhang C, Lu L. Seipin deficiency-induced lipid dysregulation leads to hypomyelination-associated cognitive deficits via compromising oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:350. [PMID: 38773070 PMCID: PMC11109229 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06737-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Seipin is one key mediator of lipid metabolism that is highly expressed in adipose tissues as well as in the brain. Lack of Seipin gene, Bscl2, leads to not only severe lipid metabolic disorders but also cognitive impairments and motor disabilities. Myelin, composed mainly of lipids, facilitates nerve transmission and is important for motor coordination and learning. Whether Seipin deficiency-leaded defects in learning and motor coordination is underlined by lipid dysregulation and its consequent myelin abnormalities remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we verified the expression of Seipin in oligodendrocytes (OLs) and their precursors, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), and demonstrated that Seipin deficiency compromised OPC differentiation, which led to decreased OL numbers, myelin protein, myelinated fiber proportion and thickness of myelin. Deficiency of Seipin resulted in impaired spatial cognition and motor coordination in mice. Mechanistically, Seipin deficiency suppressed sphingolipid metabolism-related genes in OPCs and caused morphological abnormalities in lipid droplets (LDs), which markedly impeded OPC differentiation. Importantly, rosiglitazone, one agonist of PPAR-gamma, substantially restored phenotypes resulting from Seipin deficiency, such as aberrant LDs, reduced sphingolipids, obstructed OPC differentiation, and neurobehavioral defects. Collectively, the present study elucidated how Seipin deficiency-induced lipid dysregulation leads to neurobehavioral deficits via impairing myelination, which may pave the way for developing novel intervention strategy for treating metabolism-involved neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Cui
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Chuanyun Tu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Ziting Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Huifang Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan Qiao
- Analytical Instrumentation Center & State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanqiu Li
- Analytical Instrumentation Center & State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Wulin Yang
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Kah-Leong Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Quanhong Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chengwu Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Li Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
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Song YF, Bai ZY, Lai XH, Luo Z, Hogstrand C. Ip3r-Grp75-Vdac and Relevant Ca 2+ Signaling Regulate Dietary Palmitic Acid-Induced De Novo Lipogenesis by Mitochondria-Associated ER Membrane (MAM) Recruiting Seipin in Yellow Catfish. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)00224-4. [PMID: 38641205 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM) is the central hub for endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria functional communication. It plays a crucial role in hepatic lipid homeostasis. However, even though MAM has been acknowledged to be rich in enzymes that contribute to lipid biosynthesis, no study has yet investigated the exact role of MAM on hepatic neutral lipid synthesis. OBJECTIVES To address these gaps, this study investigated the systemic control mechanisms of MAM on neutral lipids synthesis by recruiting seipin, focusing on the role of the inositol trisphosphate receptor-1,4,5(Ip3r)-75 kDa glucose-regulated protein (Grp75)-voltage-dependent anion channel (Vdac) complex and their relevant Ca2+ signaling in this process. METHODS To this end, a model animal for lipid metabolism, yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco), were fed 6 different diets containing a range of palmitic acid (PA) concentrations from 0-150 g/kg in vivo for 10 wk. In vitro, experiments were also conducted to intercept the MAM-mediated Ca2+ signaling in isolated hepatocytes by transfecting them with si-mitochondrial calcium uniporter (mcu). Because mcu was placed in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), si-mcu cannot disrupt MAM's structural integrity. RESULTS 1. Hepatocellular MAM subproteome analysis indicated excessive dietary PA intake enhanced hepatic MAM structure joined by activating Ip3r-Grp75-Vdac complexes. 2. Dietary PA intake induced hepatic neutral lipid accumulation through MAM recruiting Seipin, which activated lipid droplet biogenesis. Our findings also revealed a previously unidentified mechanism whereby MAM-recruited seipin and controlled hepatic lipid homeostasis, depending on Ip3r-Grp75-Vdac-controlled Ca2+ signaling and not only MAM's structural integrity. CONCLUSIONS These results offer a novel insight into the MAM-recruited seipin in controlling hepatic lipid synthesis in a MAM structural integrity-dependent and Ca2+ signaling-dependent manner, highlighting the critical contribution of MAM in maintaining hepatic neutral lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Song
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhen-Yu Bai
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Lai
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Christer Hogstrand
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, London, United Kingdom
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Song H, Zhang X, Wang J, Wu Y, Xiong T, Shen J, Lin R, Xiao T, Lin W. The regulatory role of adipocyte mitochondrial homeostasis in metabolism-related diseases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1261204. [PMID: 37920803 PMCID: PMC10619862 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1261204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is the most important energy storage organ in the body, maintaining its normal energy metabolism function and playing a vital role in keeping the energy balance of the body to avoid the harm caused by obesity and a series of related diseases resulting from abnormal energy metabolism. The dysfunction of adipose tissue is closely related to the occurrence of diseases related to obesity metabolism. Among various organelles, mitochondria are the main site of energy metabolism, and mitochondria maintain their quality through autophagy, biogenesis, transfer, and dynamics, which play an important role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis of adipocytes. On the other hand, mitochondria have mitochondrial genomes which are vulnerable to damage due to the lack of protective structures and their proximity to sites of reactive oxygen species generation, thus affecting mitochondrial function. Notably, mitochondria are closely related to other organelles in adipocytes, such as lipid droplets and the endoplasmic reticulum, which enhances the function of mitochondria and other organelles and regulates energy metabolism processes, thus reducing the occurrence of obesity-related diseases. This article introduces the structure and quality control of mitochondria in adipocytes and their interactions with other organelles in adipocytes, aiming to provide a new perspective on the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis in adipocytes on the occurrence of obesity-related diseases, and to provide theoretical reference for further revealing the molecular mechanism of mitochondrial homeostasis in adipocytes on the occurrence of obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Song
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yanling Wu
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Taimin Xiong
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jieqiong Shen
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ruiyi Lin
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Tianfang Xiao
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Weimin Lin
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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9
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Zadoorian A, Du X, Yang H. Lipid droplet biogenesis and functions in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023:10.1038/s41574-023-00845-0. [PMID: 37221402 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00845-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitous yet unique, lipid droplets are intracellular organelles that are increasingly being recognized for their versatility beyond energy storage. Advances uncovering the intricacies of their biogenesis and the diversity of their physiological and pathological roles have yielded new insights into lipid droplet biology. Despite these insights, the mechanisms governing the biogenesis and functions of lipid droplets remain incompletely understood. Moreover, the causal relationship between the biogenesis and function of lipid droplets and human diseases is poorly resolved. Here, we provide an update on the current understanding of the biogenesis and functions of lipid droplets in health and disease, highlighting a key role for lipid droplet biogenesis in alleviating cellular stresses. We also discuss therapeutic strategies of targeting lipid droplet biogenesis, growth or degradation that could be applied in the future to common diseases, such as cancer, hepatic steatosis and viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armella Zadoorian
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ximing Du
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hongyuan Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Ho QWC, Zheng X, Ali Y. Ceramide Acyl Chain Length and Its Relevance to Intracellular Lipid Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9697. [PMID: 36077094 PMCID: PMC9456274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramides are a class of sphingolipids which are implicated in skin disorders, obesity, and other metabolic diseases. As a class with pleiotropic effects, recent efforts have centred on discerning specific ceramide species and their effects on atopic dermatitis, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. This delineation has allowed the identification of disease biomarkers, with long acyl chain ceramides such as C16- and C18-ceramides linked to metabolic dysfunction and cardiac function decline, while ultra-long acyl chain ceramides (>25 carbon acyl chain) were reported to be essential for maintaining a functional skin barrier. Given the intricate link between free fatty acids with ceramides, especially the de novo synthetic pathway, intracellular lipid droplet formation is increasingly viewed as an important mechanism for preventing accumulation of toxic ceramide species. Here, we review recent reports of various ceramide species involved in skin abnormalities and metabolic diseases, and we propose that promotion of lipid droplet biogenesis can be seen as a potential protective mechanism against deleterious ceramides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wei Calvin Ho
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yusuf Ali
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 168751, Singapore
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11
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Deficiency of WTAP in hepatocytes induces lipoatrophy and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Nat Commun 2022; 13:4549. [PMID: 35927268 PMCID: PMC9352699 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32163-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectopic lipid accumulation and inflammation are the essential signs of NASH. However, the molecular mechanisms of ectopic lipid accumulation and inflammation during NASH progression are not fully understood. Here we reported that hepatic Wilms' tumor 1-associating protein (WTAP) is a key integrative regulator of ectopic lipid accumulation and inflammation during NASH progression. Hepatic deletion of Wtap leads to NASH due to the increased lipolysis in white adipose tissue, enhanced hepatic free fatty acids uptake and induced inflammation, all of which are mediated by IGFBP1, CD36 and cytochemokines such as CCL2, respectively. WTAP binds to specific DNA motifs which are enriched in the promoters and suppresses gene expression (e.g., Igfbp1, Cd36 and Ccl2) with the involvement of HDAC1. In NASH, WTAP is tranlocated from nucleus to cytosol, which is related to CDK9-mediated phosphorylation. These data uncover a mechanism by which hepatic WTAP regulates ectopic lipid accumulation and inflammation during NASH progression. Ectopic lipid accumulation and inflammation are the essential signs of NASH. Here, the authors show that hepatic WTAP is a key integrative repressor of ectopic lipid accumulation and inflammation during NASH progression, and hepatic deletion of Wtap promotes both of them, leading to NASH
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12
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Li Y, Yang X, Peng L, Xia Q, Zhang Y, Huang W, Liu T, Jia D. Role of Seipin in Human Diseases and Experimental Animal Models. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060840. [PMID: 35740965 PMCID: PMC9221541 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Seipin, a protein encoded by the Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy type 2 (BSCL2) gene, is famous for its key role in the biogenesis of lipid droplets and type 2 congenital generalised lipodystrophy (CGL2). BSCL2 gene mutations result in genetic diseases including CGL2, progressive encephalopathy with or without lipodystrophy (also called Celia’s encephalopathy), and BSCL2-associated motor neuron diseases. Abnormal expression of seipin has also been found in hepatic steatosis, neurodegenerative diseases, glioblastoma stroke, cardiac hypertrophy, and other diseases. In the current study, we comprehensively summarise phenotypes, underlying mechanisms, and treatment of human diseases caused by BSCL2 gene mutations, paralleled by animal studies including systemic or specific Bscl2 gene knockout, or Bscl2 gene overexpression. In various animal models representing diseases that are not related to Bscl2 mutations, differential expression patterns and functional roles of seipin are also described. Furthermore, we highlight the potential therapeutic approaches by targeting seipin or its upstream and downstream signalling pathways. Taken together, restoring adipose tissue function and targeting seipin-related pathways are effective strategies for CGL2 treatment. Meanwhile, seipin-related pathways are also considered to have potential therapeutic value in diseases that are not caused by BSCL2 gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Li
- West China Pancreatitis Centre, Centre for Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.X.)
| | - Xinmin Yang
- West China Pancreatitis Centre, Centre for Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.X.)
| | - Linrui Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.P.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Qing Xia
- West China Pancreatitis Centre, Centre for Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.X.)
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (L.P.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Wei Huang
- West China Pancreatitis Centre, Centre for Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.X.)
- Institutes for Systems Genetics & Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (W.H.); (T.L.)
| | - Tingting Liu
- West China Pancreatitis Centre, Centre for Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.L.); (X.Y.); (Q.X.)
- Correspondence: (W.H.); (T.L.)
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
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13
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Zhao M, Wei H, Li C, Zhan R, Liu C, Gao J, Yi Y, Cui X, Shan W, Ji L, Pan B, Cheng S, Song M, Sun H, Jiang H, Cai J, Garcia-Barrio MT, Chen YE, Meng X, Dong E, Wang DW, Zheng L. Gut microbiota production of trimethyl-5-aminovaleric acid reduces fatty acid oxidation and accelerates cardiac hypertrophy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1757. [PMID: 35365608 PMCID: PMC8976029 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies found intestinal microbiota alterations which are thought to affect the development of various diseases through the production of gut-derived metabolites. However, the specific metabolites and their pathophysiological contribution to cardiac hypertrophy or heart failure progression still remain unclear. N,N,N-trimethyl-5-aminovaleric acid (TMAVA), derived from trimethyllysine through the gut microbiota, was elevated with gradually increased risk of cardiac mortality and transplantation in a prospective heart failure cohort (n = 1647). TMAVA treatment aggravated cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction in high-fat diet-fed mice. Decreased fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is a hallmark of metabolic reprogramming in the diseased heart and contributes to impaired myocardial energetics and contractile dysfunction. Proteomics uncovered that TMAVA disturbed cardiac energy metabolism, leading to inhibition of FAO and myocardial lipid accumulation. TMAVA treatment altered mitochondrial ultrastructure, respiration and FAO and inhibited carnitine metabolism. Mice with γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase (BBOX) deficiency displayed a similar cardiac hypertrophy phenotype, indicating that TMAVA functions through BBOX. Finally, exogenous carnitine supplementation reversed TMAVA induced cardiac hypertrophy. These data suggest that the gut microbiota-derived TMAVA is a key determinant for the development of cardiac hypertrophy through inhibition of carnitine synthesis and subsequent FAO. Intestinal microbiota alterations may affect heart function through the production of gut-derived metabolites. Here the authors found that gut microbiota-derived TMAVA is a key determinant for the development of cardiac hypertrophy through inhibition of carnitine synthesis and subsequent fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhao
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Haoran Wei
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chenze Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Rui Zhan
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Changjie Liu
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jianing Gao
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yaodong Yi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiao Cui
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Shan
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liang Ji
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bing Pan
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Si Cheng
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, The Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Moshi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Haipeng Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Huidi Jiang
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Minerva T Garcia-Barrio
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xiangbao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Erdan Dong
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Lemin Zheng
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, The Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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14
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Yang Y, Ma L, Sun J, Gong X, Cai C, Hong W. The neonatal onset diabetes mellitus of Chinese neonate with congenital generalized lipodystrophy 2: a case report. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:83. [PMID: 35351089 PMCID: PMC8961907 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-00992-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder characterized by near total absence of adipose tissue along with metabolic complications. Diabetes mellitus developed from CGL usually present between ages 15 and 20 years, and there are few reports in neonate. CASE PRESENTATION In this report, we described a rare clinical presentation of CGL in a 12-day-old Chinese female neonates with hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and subsequently appeared diabetes, hepatomegaly and fatty liver. The two clinical-exome sequencing identified heterozygous null mutations (c.793C > T and c.565G > T) in BSCL2 gene which was inherited from father and mother respectively. To date, it was the firstly reported CGL patient with neonatal onset diabetes. The neonate was treated with antibiotic, insulin and deeply hydrolyzed formula milk to significantly decrease FBG and serum trigylcerides levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our case report analyzes the causes of early onset diabetes may relate with the locus of BSCL2 gene mutations and infection induction. It also suggests the importance of early identification, genetic analysis, and symptomatic treatment in the CGL, which are essential for improving the prognosis of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiaohui Gong
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Cheng Cai
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Wenchao Hong
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
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15
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Toyoda S, Shin J, Fukuhara A, Otsuki M, Shimomura I. Transforming growth factor β1 signaling links extracellular matrix remodeling to intracellular lipogenesis upon physiological feeding events. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101748. [PMID: 35189145 PMCID: PMC8931428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue dynamically changes its mass in response to external nutritional status, which plays an important role in maintaining the lipid homeostasis. Physiologically, feeding events are associated with the expansion of adipose tissue, but little is known about the detailed molecular mechanisms of this expansion. Here, using comprehensive transcriptome analysis, we found that levels of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), a key regulator of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, were increased in adipose tissue under feeding conditions and associated with the lipogenic pathway. In addition, TGF-β receptors are highly expressed in adipose tissue, and pharmacological inhibition of TGF-β1 reduced adipose tissue mass and caused ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver. This reduced fat mass was associated with decreased gene expression in ECM remodeling and lipogenesis. Furthermore, similar results were observed in the adipose tissue of SMAD family member 3 knockout mice or upon systemic TGF-β neutralization, with significant reductions in both ECM remodeling and lipogenesis-related genes. Mechanistically, we found that insulin-induced TGF-β1 and cell-autonomous action remodels the ECM of adipocytes, which controls the downstream focal adhesion kinase–AKT signaling cascades and enhances the lipogenic pathway. Of note, destruction of collagens or matrix metalloproteinase/a disintegrin and metalloprotease activities, critical components of ECM remodeling, blocked TGF-β1-mediated focal adhesion kinase–AKT signaling and the lipogenic pathway. Taken together, this study identifies a previously unknown lipogenic role of TGF-β1 by which adipocytes can expand to adapt to physiological feeding events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Toyoda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jihoon Shin
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Diabetes Care Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Atsunori Fukuhara
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Adipose Management, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michio Otsuki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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16
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Magré J, Prieur X. Seipin Deficiency as a Model of Severe Adipocyte Dysfunction: Lessons from Rodent Models and Teaching for Human Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:740. [PMID: 35054926 PMCID: PMC8775404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity prevalence is increasing worldwide, leading to cardiometabolic morbidities. Adipocyte dysfunction, impairing white adipose tissue (WAT) expandability and metabolic flexibility, is central in the development of obesity-related metabolic complications. Rare syndromes of lipodystrophy characterized by an extreme paucity of functional adipose tissue should be considered as primary adipocyte dysfunction diseases. Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy (BSCL) is the most severe form with a near absence of WAT associated with cardiometabolic complications such as insulin resistance, liver steatosis, dyslipidemia, and cardiomyopathy. Twenty years ago, mutations in the BSCL2 gene have been identified as the cause of BSCL in human. BSCL2 encodes seipin, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) anchored protein whose function was unknown back then. Studies of seipin knockout mice or rats demonstrated how seipin deficiency leads to severe lipodystrophy and to cardiometabolic complications. At the cellular levels, seipin is organized in multimers that are particularly enriched at ER/lipid droplet and ER/mitochondria contact sites. Seipin deficiency impairs both adipocyte differentiation and mature adipocyte maintenance. Experiments using adipose tissue transplantation in seipin knockout mice and tissue-specific deletion of seipin have provided a large body of evidence that liver steatosis, cardiomyopathy, and renal injury, classical diabetic complications, are all consequences of lipodystrophy. Rare adipocyte dysfunctions such as in BSCL are the key paradigm to unravel the pathways that control adipocyte homeostasis. The knowledge gathered through the study of these pathologies may bring new strategies to maintain and improve adipose tissue expandability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xavier Prieur
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, L’institut du Thorax, Université de Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France;
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17
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Seipin localizes at endoplasmic-reticulum-mitochondria contact sites to control mitochondrial calcium import and metabolism in adipocytes. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110213. [PMID: 35021082 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein seipin results in generalized lipodystrophy by incompletely understood mechanisms. Here, we report mitochondrial abnormalities in seipin-deficient patient cells. A subset of seipin is enriched at ER-mitochondria contact sites (MAMs) in human and mouse cells and localizes in the vicinity of calcium regulators SERCA2, IP3R, and VDAC. Seipin association with MAM calcium regulators is stimulated by fasting-like stimuli, while seipin association with lipid droplets is promoted by lipid loading. Acute seipin removal does not alter ER calcium stores but leads to defective mitochondrial calcium import accompanied by a widespread reduction in Krebs cycle metabolites and ATP levels. In mice, inducible seipin deletion leads to mitochondrial dysfunctions preceding the development of metabolic complications. Together, these data suggest that seipin controls mitochondrial energy metabolism by regulating mitochondrial calcium influx at MAMs. In seipin-deficient adipose tissue, reduced ATP production compromises adipocyte properties, contributing to lipodystrophy pathogenesis.
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18
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Le Lay S, Magré J, Prieur X. Not Enough Fat: Mouse Models of Inherited Lipodystrophy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:785819. [PMID: 35250856 PMCID: PMC8895270 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.785819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipodystrophies belong to the heterogenous group of syndromes in which the primary defect is a generalized or partial absence of adipose tissue, which may be congenital or acquired in origin. Lipodystrophy should be considered in patients manifesting the combination of insulin resistance (with or without overt diabetes), dyslipidemia and fatty liver. Lipodystrophies are classified according to the etiology of the disease (genetic or acquired) and to the anatomical distribution of adipose tissue (generalized or partial). The mechanism of adipose tissue loss is specific to each syndrome, depending on the biological function of the mutated gene. Mice models, together with cellular studies have permitted clarification of the mechanisms by which human mutations deeply compromise adipocyte homeostasis. In addition, rodent models have proven to be crucial in deciphering the cardiometabolic consequences of the lack of adipose tissue such as NAFLD, muscle insulin resistance and cardiomyopathy. More precisely, tissue-specific transgenic and knockout mice have brought new tools to distinguish phenotypic traits that are the consequences of lipodystrophy from those that are cell-autonomous. In this review, we discuss the mice models of lipodystrophy including those of inherited human syndromes of generalized and partial lipodystrophy. We present how these models have demonstrated the central role of white adipose tissue in energetic homeostasis in general, including insulin sensitivity and lipid handling in particular. We underscore the differences reported with the human phenotype and discuss the limit of rodent models in recapitulating adipose tissue primary default. Finally, we present how these mice models have highlighted the function of the causative-genes and brought new insights into the pathophysiology of the cardiometabolic complications associated with lipodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soazig Le Lay
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France
- Univ Angers, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Jocelyne Magré
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Xavier Prieur
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France
- *Correspondence: Xavier Prieur,
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19
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Dutta RK, Lee JN, Maharjan Y, Park C, Choe SK, Ho YS, Park R. Catalase deficiency facilitates the shuttling of free fatty acid to brown adipose tissue through lipolysis mediated by ROS during sustained fasting. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:201. [PMID: 34876210 PMCID: PMC8650429 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00710-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fatty acids (FA) derived from adipose tissue and liver serve as the main fuel in thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue (BAT). Catalase, a peroxisomal enzyme, plays an important role in maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis by decomposing hydrogen peroxide to either water or oxygen that oxidize and provide fuel for cellular metabolism. Although the antioxidant enzymatic activity of catalase is well known, its role in the metabolism and maintenance of energy homeostasis has not yet been revealed. The present study investigated the role of catalase in lipid metabolism and thermogenesis during nutrient deprivation in catalase-knockout (KO) mice. Results We found that hepatic triglyceride accumulation in KO mice decreased during sustained fasting due to lipolysis through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in adipocytes. Furthermore, the free FA released from lipolysis were shuttled to BAT through the activation of CD36 and catabolized by lipoprotein lipase in KO mice during sustained fasting. Although the exact mechanism for the activation of the FA receptor enzyme, CD36 in BAT is still unclear, we found that ROS generation in adipocytes mediated the shuttling of FA to BAT. Conclusions Taken together, our findings uncover the novel role of catalase in lipid metabolism and thermogenesis in BAT, which may be useful in understanding metabolic dysfunction. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-021-00710-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghbendra Kumar Dutta
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, GRI, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon No Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, GRI, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunash Maharjan
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, GRI, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Channy Park
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, GRI, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Kyu Choe
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Shih Ho
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Raekil Park
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, GRI, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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20
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van Heerwaarde AA, Klomberg RCW, van Ravenswaaij-Arts CMA, Ploos van Amstel HK, Toekoen A, Jessurun F, Garg A, van der Kaay DCM. Approach to Diagnosing a Pediatric Patient With Severe Insulin Resistance in Low- or Middle-income Countries. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:3621-3633. [PMID: 34318892 PMCID: PMC8864731 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) in children is most often caused by impaired insulin secretion (type 1 DM). In some children, the underlying mechanism for DM is increased insulin resistance, which can have different underlying causes. While the majority of these children require insulin dosages less than 2.0 U/kg/day to achieve normoglycemia, higher insulin requirements indicate severe insulin resistance. Considering the therapeutic challenges in patients with severe insulin resistance, early diagnosis of the underlying cause is essential in order to consider targeted therapies and to prevent diabetic complications. Although rare, several disorders can attribute to severe insulin resistance in pediatric patients. Most of these disorders are diagnosed through advanced diagnostic tests, which are not commonly available in low- or middle-income countries. Based on a case of DM with severe insulin resistance in a Surinamese adolescent who was later confirmed to have autosomal recessive congenital generalized lipodystrophy, type 1 (Berardinelli-Seip syndrome), we provide a systematic approach to the differential diagnosis and work-up. We show that a thorough review of medical history and physical examination generally provide sufficient information to diagnose a child with insulin-resistant DM correctly, and, therefore, our approach is especially applicable to low- or middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alise A van Heerwaarde
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Pediatric Center Suriname, Academic Hospital Paramaribo, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Renz C W Klomberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Pediatric Center Suriname, Academic Hospital Paramaribo, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Conny M A van Ravenswaaij-Arts
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Pediatric Center Suriname, Academic Hospital Paramaribo, Paramaribo, Suriname
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Aartie Toekoen
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Pediatric Center Suriname, Academic Hospital Paramaribo, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Fariza Jessurun
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Pediatric Center Suriname, Academic Hospital Paramaribo, Paramaribo, Suriname
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Abhimanyu Garg
- Division of Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Dr. Abhimanyu Garg, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Daniëlle C M van der Kaay
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: Dr. Daniëlle C. M. van der Kaay, Erasmus Medical Center – Sophia Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics; PO 2060; 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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21
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Hello from the other side: Membrane contact of lipid droplets with other organelles and subsequent functional implications. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 85:101141. [PMID: 34793861 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous organelles that play crucial roles in response to physiological and environmental cues. The identification of several neutral lipid synthesizing and regulatory protein complexes have propelled significant advance on the mechanisms of LD biogenesis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Increasing evidence suggests that distinct proteins and regulatory factors, which localize to membrane contact sites (MCS), are involved not only in interorganellar lipid exchange and transport, but also function in other important cellular processes, including autophagy, mitochondrial dynamics and inheritance, ion signaling and inter-regulation of these MCS. More and more tethers and molecular determinants are associated to MCS and to a diversity of cellular and pathophysiological processes, demonstrating the dynamics and importance of these junctions in health and disease. The conjugation of lipids with proteins in supramolecular complexes is known to be paramount for many biological processes, namely membrane biosynthesis, cell homeostasis, regulation of organelle division and biogenesis, and cell growth. Ultimately, this physical organization allows the contact sites to function as crucial metabolic hubs that control the occurrence of chemical reactions. This leads to biochemical and metabolite compartmentalization for the purposes of energetic efficiency and cellular homeostasis. In this review, we will focus on the structural and functional aspects of LD-organelle interactions and how they ensure signaling exchange and metabolites transfer between organelles.
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22
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Wang M, Xing J, Liu M, Gao M, Liu Y, Li X, Hu L, Zhao X, Liao J, Liu G, Dong J. Deletion of Seipin Attenuates Vascular Function and the Anticontractile Effect of Perivascular Adipose Tissue. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:706924. [PMID: 34409079 PMCID: PMC8365033 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.706924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seipin locates in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and regulates adipogenesis and lipid droplet formation. Deletion of Seipin has been well-demonstrated to cause severe general lipodystrophy, however, its role in maintaining perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and vascular homeostasis has not been directly assessed. In the present study, we investigated the role of Seipin in mediating the anticontractile effect of PVAT and vascular function. Seipin expression in PVAT and associated vessels were detected by qPCR and western-blot. Seipin is highly expressed in PVAT, but hardly in vessels. Structural and functional alterations of PVAT and associated vessels were compared between Seipin−/− mice and WT mice. In Seipin−/− mice, aortic and mesenteric PVAT were significantly reduced in mass and adipose-derived relaxing factors (ADRFs) secretion, but increased in macrophage infiltration and ER stress, as compared with those in WT mice. Aortic and mesenteric artery rings from WT and Seipin−/− mice were mounted on a wire myograph. Vasoconstriction and vasodilation were studied in vessels with and without PVAT. WT PVAT augmented relaxation but not Seipin−/− PVAT, which suggest impaired anticontractile function in PVAT of Seipin−/− mice. Thoracic aorta and mesenteric artery from Seipin−/− mice had impaired contractility in response to phenylephrine (PHE) and relaxation to acetylcholine (Ach). In conclusion, Seipin deficiency caused abnormalities in PVAT morphology and vascular functions. Our data demonstrated for the first time that Seipin plays a critical role in maintaining PVAT function and vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junhui Xing
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengduan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingming Gao
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - George Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzeng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Key Laboratory of Hereditary Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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23
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Rao MJ, Goodman JM. Seipin: harvesting fat and keeping adipocytes healthy. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:912-923. [PMID: 34215489 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Seipin is a key protein in the assembly of cytoplasmic lipid droplets (cLDs) and their maintenance at endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-LD junctions; the absence of seipin results in generalized lipodystrophy. How seipin mediates LD dynamics and prevents lipodystrophy are not well understood. New evidence suggests that seipin attracts triglyceride monomers from the ER to sites of droplet formation. By contrast, seipin may not be directly involved in the assembly of nuclear LDs and may actually suppress their formation at a distance. Seipin promotes adipogenesis, but lipodystrophy may also involve postadipogenic effects. We hypothesize that among these are a cycle of runaway lipolysis and lipotoxicity caused by aberrant LDs, resulting in a depletion of fat stores and a failure of adipose and other cells to thrive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monala Jayaprakash Rao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX 75390-9041, USA
| | - Joel M Goodman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX 75390-9041, USA.
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24
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A comprehensive prognostic signature for glioblastoma patients based on transcriptomics and single cell sequencing. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:917-935. [PMID: 34142341 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00612-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and deadly brain tumor. We aimed to reveal potential prognostic GBM marker genes, elaborate their functions, and build an effective a prognostic model for GBM patients. METHODS Through data mining of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), we screened for significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to calculate risk scores for individual patients. Published data of somatic mutation and copy number variation profiles were analyzed for distinct genomic alterations associated with risk scores. In addition, single-cell sequencing was used to explore the biological functions of the identified prognostic marker genes. By combining risk scores and other clinical features, we built a comprehensive prognostic GBM model. RESULTS Seven DEGs (CLEC5A, HOXC6, HOXA5, CCL2, GPRASP1, BSCL2 and PTX3) were identified as being prognostic for GBM. Expression of these genes was confirmed in different GBM cell lines using real-time PCR. Risk scores calculated from the seven DEGs revealed prognostic value irrespective of other clinical factors, including IDH mutation status, and were negatively correlated with TP53 expression. The prognostic genes were found to be associated with tumor proliferation and progression based on pseudo-time analysis in neoplastic cells. A final prognostic model was developed and validated with a good performance, especially in geriatric GBM patients. CONCLUSIONS Using genetic profiles, age, IDH mutation status, and chemotherapy and radiotherapy, we constructed a comprehensive prognostic model for GBM patients. The model has a good performance, especially in geriatric GBM patients.
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25
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Gao M, Liu L, Wang X, Mak HY, Liu G, Yang H. GPAT3 deficiency alleviates insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in a mouse model of severe congenital generalized lipodystrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:432-443. [PMID: 31873720 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy type 2 (BSCL2) is the most severe form of human lipodystrophy and is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the BSCL2/seipin gene. Exactly how seipin may regulate adipogenesis remains unclear. A recent study in vitro suggested that seipin may function to inhibit the activity of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases (GPATs), and increased GPAT activity may be responsible for the defective adipogenesis under seipin deficiency. Here we generated Seipin-/-Gpat3-/- mice, which had mild but significant recovery of white adipose tissue mass over Seipin-/- mice. The mass of brown adipose tissue (BAT) of the Seipin-/-Gpat3-/- mice was almost completely restored to normal level. Importantly, the Seipin-/-Gpat3-/- mice showed significant improvement in liver steatosis and insulin sensitivity over Seipin-/- mice, which is attributable to the increased BAT mass and to the enhanced browning of the subcutaneous fat of the Seipin-/-Gpat3-/- mice. Together, our results establish a functional link between seipin and GPAT3 in vivo and suggest that GPAT inhibitors may have beneficial effects on BSCL2 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Gao
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Hoi Yin Mak
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - George Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongyuan Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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26
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Yin Y, Wu Y, Zhang X, Zhu Y, Sun Y, Yu J, Gong Y, Sun P, Lin H, Han X. PPA1 Regulates Systemic Insulin Sensitivity by Maintaining Adipocyte Mitochondria Function as a Novel PPARγ Target Gene. Diabetes 2021; 70:1278-1291. [PMID: 33722839 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Downregulation of mitochondrial function in adipose tissue is considered as one important driver for the development of obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Inorganic pyrophosphatase 1 (PPA1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of inorganic pyrophosphate to inorganic phosphate and is required for anabolism to take place in cells. Although alteration of PPA1 has been related to some diseases, the importance of PPA1 in metabolic syndromes has never been discussed. In this study, we found that global PPA1 knockout mice (PPA1+/-) showed impaired glucose tolerance and severe insulin resistance under high-fat-diet feeding. In addition, impaired adipose tissue development and ectopic lipid accumulation were observed. Conversely, overexpression of PPA1 in adipose tissue by adeno-associated virus injection can partly reverse the metabolic disorders in PPA1+/- mice, suggesting that impaired adipose tissue function is responsible for the metabolic disorders observed in PPA1+/- mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that PPA1 acted as a PPARγ target gene to maintain mitochondrial function in adipocytes. Furthermore, specific knockdown of PPA1 in fat body of Drosophila led to impaired mitochondria morphology, decreased lipid storage, and made Drosophila more sensitive to starvation. In conclusion, for the first time, our findings demonstrate the importance of PPA1 in maintaining adipose tissue function and whole-body metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yin
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangyang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yeting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiani Yu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yufei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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27
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Antonucci A, Marucci A, Scarale MG, De Bonis C, Mangiacotti D, Trischitta V, Di Paola R. Morphological and molecular characterization of GALNT2-mediated adipogenesis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1362-1366. [PMID: 33658684 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00789-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
3T3L1 mouse pre-adipocytes develop into adipocytes differently in response to GALNT2 overexpression or to stimulation with rosiglitazone, a reference inducer of adipogenesis. To investigate the biology of alternative pathways of adipogenesis, we studied lipid droplets (LD) morphology, chromatin organization, and gene expression in GALNT2- versus rosiglitazone-induced 3T3L1 adipogenesis. 3T3L1 overexpressing either GALNT2 (GALNT2) or GFP and treated with rosiglitazone (GFPR) were differentiated into adipocytes. LD and nuclei were profiled measuring their morphological features. The expression of adipogenesis-related genes was measured by RT-PCR. As compared to GFPR, GALNT2 showed smaller and more clustered LD, more nuclei with condensed chromatin and several gene expression changes (P < 0.001 for all). As compared to those stimulated by rosiglitazone, GALNT2 overexpressing cells show differences in the most established readouts of adipogenesis. Characterizing alternative pathways of adipogenesis may help tackle those diseases which are secondary to increased dysfunctional mass of adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Antonucci
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Antonella Marucci
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Scarale
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Concetta De Bonis
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Davide Mangiacotti
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Trischitta
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy.
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Rosa Di Paola
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy.
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28
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Araújo de Melo Campos JT, Dantas de Medeiros JL, Cardoso de Melo ME, Alvares da Silva M, Oliveira de Sena M, Sales Craveiro Sarmento A, Fassarella Agnez Lima L, de Freitas Fregonezi GA, Gomes Lima J. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and muscle dysfunction in congenital lipodystrophies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166120. [PMID: 33713793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Lipodystrophy syndromes are a group of rare diseases related to the pathological impairment of adipose tissue and metabolic comorbidities, including dyslipidemia, diabetes, insulin resistance, hypoleptinemia, and hypoadiponectinemia. They can be categorized as partial or generalized according to the degree of fat loss, and inherited or acquired disorders, if they are associated with genetic mutations or are related to autoimmunity, respectively. Some types of lipodystrophies have been associated with changes in both redox and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis as well as muscle dysfunction (MD). Although ER stress (ERS) has been related to muscle dysfunction (MD) in many diseases, there is no data concerning its role in lipodystrophies' muscle physiopathology. Here we focused on congenital lipodystrophies associated with ERS and MD. We also described recent advances in our understanding of the relationships among ERS, MD, and genetic lipodystrophies, highlighting the adiponectin-protective roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julliane Tamara Araújo de Melo Campos
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Jorge Luiz Dantas de Medeiros
- PneumoCardioVascular Lab/HUOL, Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares and Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Maria Eduarda Cardoso de Melo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Monique Alvares da Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Matheus Oliveira de Sena
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Aquiles Sales Craveiro Sarmento
- Unidade de Laboratório de Análises Clínicas e Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Universitário de Lagarto (HUL)/UFS, Lagarto, SE, Brazil
| | - Lucymara Fassarella Agnez Lima
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Augusto de Freitas Fregonezi
- PneumoCardioVascular Lab/HUOL, Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares and Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica em Reabilitação, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Josivan Gomes Lima
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes (HUOL)/UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
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29
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Lim K, Haider A, Adams C, Sleigh A, Savage DB. Lipodistrophy: a paradigm for understanding the consequences of "overloading" adipose tissue. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:907-993. [PMID: 33356916 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00032.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipodystrophies have been recognized since at least the nineteenth century and, despite their rarity, tended to attract considerable medical attention because of the severity and somewhat paradoxical nature of the associated metabolic disease that so closely mimics that of obesity. Within the last 20 yr most of the monogenic subtypes have been characterized, facilitating family genetic screening and earlier disease detection as well as providing important insights into adipocyte biology and the systemic consequences of impaired adipocyte function. Even more recently, compelling genetic studies have suggested that subtle partial lipodystrophy is likely to be a major factor in prevalent insulin-resistant type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), justifying the longstanding interest in these disorders. This progress has also underpinned novel approaches to treatment that, in at least some patients, can be of considerable therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koini Lim
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Afreen Haider
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Adams
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Sleigh
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David B Savage
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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30
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Jia Z, Yue F, Chen X, Narayanan N, Qiu J, Syed SA, Imbalzano AN, Deng M, Yu P, Hu C, Kuang S. Protein Arginine Methyltransferase PRMT5 Regulates Fatty Acid Metabolism and Lipid Droplet Biogenesis in White Adipose Tissues. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2002602. [PMID: 33304767 PMCID: PMC7709973 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is an emerging regulator of cancer and stem cells including adipogenic progenitors. Here, a new physiological role of PRMT5 in adipocytes and systemic metabolism is reported. Conditional knockout mice were generated to ablate the Prmt5 gene specifically in adipocytes (Prmt5AKO). The Prmt5AKO mice exhibit sex- and depot-dependent progressive lipodystrophy that is more pronounced in females and in visceral (than subcutaneous) white fat. The lipodystrophy and associated energy imbalance, hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance are exacerbated by high-fat-diet. Mechanistically, Prmt5 methylates and releases the transcription elongation factor SPT5 from Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy 2 (Bscl2, encoding Seipin) promoter, and Prmt5AKO disrupts Seipin-mediated lipid droplet biogenesis. Prmt5 also methylates Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Transcription Factor 1a (SREBP1a) and promotes lipogenic gene expression, and Prmt5AKO suppresses SREBP1a-dependent fatty acid metabolic pathways in adipocytes. Thus, PRMT5 plays a critical role in regulating lipid metabolism and lipid droplet biogenesis in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Jia
- Department of Animal SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Animal SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| | - Xiyue Chen
- Department of Animal SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| | - Naagarajan Narayanan
- Department of Agricultural and Biological EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
- Bindley Bioscience CenterPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| | - Jiamin Qiu
- Department of Animal SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| | - Sabriya A. Syed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular PharmacologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA01605USA
| | - Anthony N. Imbalzano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular PharmacologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMA01605USA
| | - Meng Deng
- Department of Agricultural and Biological EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
- Bindley Bioscience CenterPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
| | - Peng Yu
- West China Biomedical Big Data CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
- Medical Big Data CenterSichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Changdeng Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular PharmacologyPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndiana47907USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer ResearchWest LafayetteIndiana47907USA
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer ResearchWest LafayetteIndiana47907USA
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31
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Knebel B, Müller-Wieland D, Kotzka J. Lipodystrophies-Disorders of the Fatty Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228778. [PMID: 33233602 PMCID: PMC7699751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipodystrophies are a heterogeneous group of physiological changes characterized by a selective loss of fatty tissue. Here, no fat cells are present, either through lack of differentiation, loss of function or premature apoptosis. As a consequence, lipids can only be stored ectopically in non-adipocytes with the major health consequences as fatty liver and insulin resistance. This is a crucial difference to being slim where the fat cells are present and store lipids if needed. A simple clinical classification of lipodystrophies is based on congenital vs. acquired and generalized vs. partial disturbance of fat distribution. Complications in patients with lipodystrophy depend on the clinical manifestations. For example, in diabetes mellitus microangiopathic complications such as nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy may develop. In addition, due to ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver, fatty liver hepatitis may also develop, possibly with cirrhosis. The consequences of extreme hypertriglyceridemia are typically acute pancreatitis or eruptive xanthomas. The combination of severe hyperglycemia with dyslipidemia and signs of insulin resistance can lead to premature atherosclerosis with its associated complications of coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease and cerebrovascular changes. Overall, lipodystrophy is rare with an estimated incidence for congenital (<1/1.000.000) and acquired (1-9/100.000) forms. Due to the rarity of the syndrome and the phenotypic range of metabolic complications, only studies with limited patient numbers can be considered. Experimental animal models are therefore useful to understand the molecular mechanisms in lipodystrophy and to identify possible therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Knebel
- German Diabetes-Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Müller-Wieland
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Jorg Kotzka
- German Diabetes-Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-221-3382537
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Jin Y, Tan Y, Zhao P, Ren Z. SEIPIN: A Key Factor for Nuclear Lipid Droplet Generation and Lipid Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218208. [PMID: 33147895 PMCID: PMC7663086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid homeostasis is essential for normal cell physiology. Generally, lipids are stored in a lipid droplet (LD), a ubiquitous organelle consisting of a neutral lipid core and a single layer of phospholipid membrane. It is thought that LDs are generated from the endoplasmic reticulum and then released into the cytosol. Recent studies indicate that LDs can exist in the nucleus, where they play an important role in the maintenance of cell phospholipid homeostasis. However, the details of nuclear lipid droplet (nLD) generation have not yet been clearly characterized. SEIPIN is a nonenzymatic protein encoded by the Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy type 2 (BSCL2) gene. It is associated with lipodystrophy diseases. Many recent studies have indicated that SEIPIN is essential for LDs generation. Here, we review much of this research in an attempt to explain the role of SEIPIN in nLD generation. From an integrative perspective, we conclude by proposing a theoretical model to explain how SEIPIN might participate in maintaining homeostasis of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; (Y.J.); (Y.T.); (P.Z.)
- Bio-Medical Center of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yanjie Tan
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; (Y.J.); (Y.T.); (P.Z.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Pengxiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; (Y.J.); (Y.T.); (P.Z.)
| | - Zhuqing Ren
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; (Y.J.); (Y.T.); (P.Z.)
- Bio-Medical Center of Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
- Correspondence:
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Salo VT, Hölttä-Vuori M, Ikonen E. Seipin-Mediated Contacts as Gatekeepers of Lipid Flux at the Endoplasmic Reticulum–Lipid Droplet Nexus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2515256420945820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic cellular hubs of lipid metabolism. While LDs contact a plethora of organelles, they have the most intimate relationship with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Indeed, LDs are initially assembled at specialized ER subdomains, and recent work has unraveled an increasing array of proteins regulating ER-LD contacts. Among these, seipin, a highly conserved lipodystrophy protein critical for LD growth and adipogenesis, deserves special attention. Here, we review recent insights into the role of seipin in LD biogenesis and as a regulator of ER-LD contacts. These studies have also highlighted the evolving concept of ER and LDs as a functional continuum for lipid partitioning and pinpointed a role for seipin at the ER-LD nexus in controlling lipid flux between these compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veijo T. Salo
- Department of Anatomy and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarit Hölttä-Vuori
- Department of Anatomy and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Ikonen
- Department of Anatomy and Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
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Liang X, Tao C, Pan J, Zhang L, Liu L, Zhao Y, Fan Y, Cao C, Liu J, Zhang J, Lam SM, Shui G, Jin W, Li W, Zhao J, Li K, Wang Y. Rnf20 deficiency in adipocyte impairs adipose tissue development and thermogenesis. Protein Cell 2020; 12:475-492. [PMID: 32797353 PMCID: PMC8160045 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-020-00770-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
RNF20, an E3 ligase critical for monoubiquitination of histone H2B at lysine 120 (H2Bub), has been implicated in the regulation of various cellar processes; however, its physiological roles in adipocytes remain poorly characterized. Here, we report that the adipocyte-specific knockout of Rnf20 (ASKO) in mice led to progressive fat loss, organomegaly and hyperinsulinemia. Despite signs of hyperinsulinemia, normal insulin sensitivity and improved glucose tolerance were observed in the young and aged CD-fed ASKO mice. In addition, high-fat diet-fed ASKO mice developed severe liver steatosis. Moreover, we observed that the ASKO mice were extremely sensitive to a cold environment due to decreased expression levels of brown adipose tissue (BAT) selective genes, including uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1), and impaired mitochondrial functions. Significantly decreased levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparγ) were observed in the gonadal white adipose tissues (gWAT) from the ASKO mice, suggesting that Rnf20 regulates adipogenesis, at least in part, through Pparγ. Rosiglitazone-treated ASKO mice exhibited increased fat mass compared to that of the non-treated ASKO mice. Collectively, our results illustrate the critical role of RNF20 in control of white and brown adipose tissue development and physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Cong Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianfei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lilan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lulu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Department of Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yiping Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chunwei Cao
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Sin Man Lam
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Guanghou Shui
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wanzhu Jin
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Kui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yanfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Zhao M, Zhao L, Xiong X, He Y, Huang W, Liu Z, Ji L, Pan B, Guo X, Wang L, Cheng S, Xu M, Yang H, Yin Y, Garcia-Barrio MT, Chen YE, Meng X, Zheng L. TMAVA, a Metabolite of Intestinal Microbes, Is Increased in Plasma From Patients With Liver Steatosis, Inhibits γ-Butyrobetaine Hydroxylase, and Exacerbates Fatty Liver in Mice. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:2266-2281.e27. [PMID: 32105727 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is characterized by excessive hepatic accumulation of triglycerides. We aimed to identify metabolites that differ in plasma of patients with liver steatosis vs healthy individuals (controls) and investigate the mechanisms by which these might contribute to fatty liver in mice. METHODS We obtained blood samples from 15 patients with liver steatosis and 15 controls from a single center in China (discovery cohort). We performed untargeted liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis of plasma to identify analytes associated with liver steatosis. We then performed targeted metabolomic analysis of blood samples from 2 independent cohorts of individuals who underwent annual health examinations in China (1157 subjects with or without diabetes and 767 subjects with or without liver steatosis; replication cohorts). We performed mass spectrometry analysis of plasma from C57BL/6J mice, germ-free, and mice given antibiotics. C57BL/6J mice were given 0.325% (m/v) N,N,N-trimethyl-5-aminovaleric acid (TMAVA) in their drinking water and placed on a 45% high-fat diet (HFD) for 2 months. Plasma, liver tissues, and fecal samples were collected; fecal samples were analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. C57BL/6J mice with CRISPR-mediated disruption of the gene encoding γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase (BBOX-knockout mice) were also placed on a 45% HFD for 2 months. Hepatic fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in liver tissues was determined by measuring liberation of 3H2O from [3H] palmitic acid. Liver tissues were analyzed by electron microscopy, to view mitochondria, and proteomic analyses. We used surface plasmon resonance analysis to quantify the affinity of TMAVA for BBOX. RESULTS Levels of TMAVA, believed to be a metabolite of intestinal microbes, were increased in plasma from subjects with liver steatosis compared with controls, in the discovery and replication cohorts. In 1 replication cohort, the odds ratio for fatty liver in subjects with increased liver plasma levels of TMAVA was 1.82 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-2.90; P = .012). Plasma from mice given antibiotics or germ-free mice had significant reductions in TMAVA compared with control mice. We found the intestinal bacteria Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to metabolize trimethyllysine to TMAVA; levels of trimethyllysine were significantly higher in plasma from patients with steatosis than controls. We found TMAVA to bind and inhibit BBOX, reducing synthesis of carnitine. Mice given TMAVA had alterations in their fecal microbiomes and reduced cold tolerance; their plasma and liver tissue had significant reductions in levels of carnitine and acyl-carnitine and their hepatocytes had reduced mitochondrial FAO compared with mice given only an HFD. Mice given TMAVA on an HFD developed liver steatosis, which was reduced by carnitine supplementation. BBOX-knockout mice had carnitine deficiency and decreased FAO, increasing uptake and liver accumulation of free fatty acids and exacerbating HFD-induced fatty liver. CONCLUSIONS Levels of TMAVA are increased in plasma from subjects with liver steatosis. In mice, intestinal microbes metabolize trimethyllysine to TMAVA, which reduces carnitine synthesis and FAO to promote steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhao
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuelian Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan He
- National Research Institute for Health and Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Gene Therapy Center and the Institute of Hypertension, Internal Medicine Department and Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zihao Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Ji
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Pan
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Leibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Si Cheng
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Tiantan Hospital, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, The Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyuan Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yuxin Yin
- The Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Minerva T Garcia-Barrio
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Xiangbao Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lemin Zheng
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Tiantan Hospital, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, The Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Tyler SR, Rotti PG, Sun X, Yi Y, Xie W, Winter MC, Flamme-Wiese MJ, Tucker BA, Mullins RF, Norris AW, Engelhardt JF. PyMINEr Finds Gene and Autocrine-Paracrine Networks from Human Islet scRNA-Seq. Cell Rep 2020; 26:1951-1964.e8. [PMID: 30759402 PMCID: PMC6394844 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Toolsets available for in-depth analysis of scRNA-seq datasets by biologists with little informatics experience is limited. Here, we describe an informatics tool (PyMINEr) that fully automates cell type identification, cell type-specific pathway analyses, graph theory-based analysis of gene regulation, and detection of autocrine-paracrine signaling networks in silico. We applied PyMINEr to interrogate human pancreatic islet scRNA-seq datasets and discovered several features of co-expression graphs, including concordance of scRNA-seq-graph structure with both protein-protein interactions and 3D genomic architecture, association of high-connectivity and low-expression genes with cell type enrichment, and potential for the graph structure to clarify potential etiologies of enigmatic disease-associated variants. We further created a consensus co-expression network and autocrine-paracrine signaling networks within and across islet cell types from seven datasets. PyMINEr correctly identified changes in BMP-WNT signaling associated with cystic fibrosis pancreatic acinar cell loss. This proof-of-principle study demonstrates that the PyMINEr framework will be a valuable resource for scRNA-seq analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R Tyler
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Pavana G Rotti
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA; College of Engineering, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Xingshen Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA; Center for Gene Therapy, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Yaling Yi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA; Center for Gene Therapy, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Weiliang Xie
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael C Winter
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Miles J Flamme-Wiese
- Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Budd A Tucker
- Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Robert F Mullins
- Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Andrew W Norris
- Center for Gene Therapy, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John F Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA; Center for Gene Therapy, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Hoa Chung L, Qi Y. Lipodystrophy - A Rare Condition with Serious Metabolic Abnormalities. Rare Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.88667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Sim MFM, Persiani E, Talukder MMU, Mcilroy GD, Roumane A, Edwardson JM, Rochford JJ. Oligomers of the lipodystrophy protein seipin may co-ordinate GPAT3 and AGPAT2 enzymes to facilitate adipocyte differentiation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3259. [PMID: 32094408 PMCID: PMC7039881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59982-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seipin deficiency causes severe congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) and metabolic disease. However, how seipin regulates adipocyte development and function remains incompletely understood. We previously showed that seipin acts as a scaffold protein for AGPAT2, whose disruption also causes CGL. More recently, seipin has been reported to promote adipogenesis by directly inhibiting GPAT3, leading to the suggestion that GPAT inhibitors could offer novel treatments for CGL. Here we investigated the interactions between seipin, GPAT3 and AGPAT2. We reveal that seipin and GPAT3 associate via direct interaction and that seipin can simultaneously bind GPAT3 and AGPAT2. Inhibiting the expression of seipin, AGPAT2 or GPAT3 led to impaired induction of early markers of adipocyte differentiation in cultured cells. However, consistent with normal adipose mass in GPAT3-null mice, GPAT3 inhibition did not prevent the formation of mature adipocytes. Nonetheless, loss of GPAT3 in seipin-deficient preadipocytes exacerbated the failure of adipogenesis in these cells. Thus, our data indicate that GPAT3 plays a modest positive role in adipogenesis and argue against the potential of GPAT inhibitors to rescue white adipose tissue mass in CGL2. Overall, our study reveals novel mechanistic insights regarding the molecular pathogenesis of severe lipodystrophy caused by mutations in either seipin or AGPAT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Michelle Sim
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Elisa Persiani
- Rowett Institute and the Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | | | - George D Mcilroy
- Rowett Institute and the Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Ahlima Roumane
- Rowett Institute and the Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | | | - Justin J Rochford
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK. .,Rowett Institute and the Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
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Xiong J, Sun P, Wang Y, Hua X, Song W, Wang Y, Wu J, Yu W, Liu G, Chen L. Heterozygous deletion of Seipin in islet beta cells of male mice has an impact on insulin synthesis and secretion through reduced PPARγ expression. Diabetologia 2020; 63:338-350. [PMID: 31776610 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-05038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy type 2 (BSCL2) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterised by lipodystrophy and insulin resistance. BSCL2 is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the Seipin gene (also known as Bscl2). Deletion of this gene in mice induces insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and a loss of adipose tissue. This study evaluated the effects of genetic deletion of Seipin on islet beta cell function. METHODS We examined seipin expression in islet cells and measured glucose profiles, insulin synthesis, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), islet expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), levels of Pdx-1, Nkx6.1, Glut2 (also known as Slc2a2) and proinsulin mRNA, nuclear translocation of pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX-1), islet numbers, and beta cell mass and proliferation in male and female Seipin-knockout homozygous (Seipin-/-) and heterozygous (Seipin+/-) mice. RESULTS Male and female Seipin-/- mice displayed glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinaemia and a lack of adipose tissue. By contrast, male but not female Seipin+/- mice showed glucose intolerance without adipose tissue loss or insulin resistance. Seipin was highly expressed in islet beta cells in wild-type mice. Expression of islet PPARγ was reduced in male Seipin-/- and Seipin+/- mice but not in female Seipin-/- or Seipin+/- mice. Treatment of male Seipin+/- mice with rosiglitazone corrected the glucose intolerance. Male Seipin+/- mice displayed a decrease in islet insulin concentration and GSIS with low expression of Pdx-1, Nkx6.1, Glut2 and proinsulin, and a decline in PDX-1 nuclear translocation; these changes were rescued by rosiglitazone administration. Male Seipin-/- mice showed obvious, but rosiglitazone-sensitive, increases in islet insulin concentration, islet number and beta cell mass and proliferation, with a notable decline in GSIS. Ovariectomised female Seipin+/- mice displayed glucose intolerance and deficits in insulin synthesis and secretion, with a decline in islet PPARγ level; these deleterious effects were reversed by administration of oestradiol or rosiglitazone. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Heterozygous deletion of Seipin in islet beta cells impacts on insulin synthesis and secretion through reduced PPARγ expression. This leads to glucose intolerance and is relieved by oestradiol, which rescues PPARγ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Road 101, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xu Hua
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Road 101, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Wenyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenfeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
| | - George Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, China Administration of Education, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Road 101, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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Changes in redox and endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis are related to congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 2. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158610. [PMID: 31917334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
CGL type 2 is a rare autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by an almost complete lack of body fat. CGL is caused by loss-of-function mutations in both alleles of the BSCL2 gene that codifies to seipin. Subjects often show hyperglycemia, decreased HDL-c, and hypoadiponectinemia. These laboratory findings are important triggers for changes in redox and ER homeostasis. Therefore, our aim was to investigate whether these intracellular mechanisms are associated with this syndrome. We collected blood from people from Northeastern Brazil with 0, 1, and 2 mutant alleles for the rs786205071 in the BSCL2 gene. Through the qPCR technique, we evaluated the expression of genes responsible for triggering the antioxidant response, DNA repair, and ER stress in leukocytes. Colorimetric tests were applied to quantify lipid peroxidation and to evaluate the redox status of glutathione, as well as to access the panorama of energy metabolism. Long extension PCR was performed to observe leukocyte mitochondrial DNA lesions, and the immunoblot technique to investigate plasma adiponectin concentrations. Subjects with the rs786205071 in both BSCL2 alleles showed increased transcription of NFE2L2, APEX1, and OGG1 in leukocytes, as well as high concentrations of malondialdehyde and the GSSG:GSH ratio in plasma. We also observed increase of mitochondrial DNA lesions and XBP1 splicing, as well as a decrease in adiponectin and HDL-c. Our data suggest the presence of lipid lesions due to changes in redox homeostasis in that group, associated with increased levels of mitochondrial DNA damage and transcriptional activation of genes involved with antioxidant response and DNA repair.
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Dettlaff-Pokora A. Adipocyte differentiation impairment as well as lipid metabolism and transport problems – major causes of genetic lipodystrophies. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2019. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.6553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipodystrophies are heterogenic group of adipose tissue disorders with its general or partial atrophy. In case of congenital lipodystrophies disturbances of adipogenesis or/and alterations of adipocyte differentiation often occur leading to thermogenic adipocytes formation. Basic adipocyte functions can be perturbed, including improper synthesis of triacylglycerols and phospholipids of lipid droplet, but also impaired fatty acids release and intracellular lipid traffic. Lipodystrophy can result from weakening of adipose tissue structure, but also from improper function of both cytoskeleton and nuclear lamina leading to cell dysfunction. Lack of adipose tissue leads to a) increased plasma triacylglycerols level and ectopic fat accumulation in other tissues; b) total plasma cholesterol increase; c) plasma HDL-cholesterol decrease. Ectopic fat accumulation in liver can cause fatty liver and with time can lead to hepatomegaly and liver cirrhosis. Dysfunctions are proportional to the extent of fat tissue loss with generalized lipodystrophies patients developing complications at early ages. Diabetes and insulin resistance are common comorbidities. Improvement of diagnostic methods of medical genetics allows precise determination of their genotypes and correct diagnosis of patients suffering from lipodystrophy. For that reason number of described cases increased in recent years, also in Poland. New lipodystrophy types were described. Therefore there is a need to bring lipodystrophy syndromes for the attention of primary care physicians, pediatricians and endocrinologists.
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Tao C, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Pan J, Fan Y, Liang X, Cao C, Zhao J, Petris MJ, Li K, Wang Y. Adipocyte-specific disruption of ATPase copper transporting α in mice accelerates lipoatrophy. Diabetologia 2019; 62:2340-2353. [PMID: 31396659 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4966-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS ATPase copper transporting α (ATP7A), also known as Menkes disease protein, is a P-type ATPase that transports copper across cell membranes. The critical role of ATP7A-mediated copper homeostasis has been well recognised in various organs, such as the intestine, macrophages and the nervous system. However, the importance of adipocyte ATP7A-mediated copper homeostasis on fat metabolism is not well understood. Here, we sought to reveal the contribution of adipose ATP7A to whole-body fat metabolism in mice. METHODS We generated adipocyte-specific Atp7a-knockout (ASKO) mice using the Cre/loxP system, with Cre expression driven by the adiponectin promoter. ASKO mice and littermate control mice were aged on a chow diet or fed with a high-fat diet (HFD); body weight, fat mass, and glucose and insulin metabolism were analysed. Histological analysis, transmission electron microscopy and RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of white adipose tissue (WAT) were used to understand the physiological and molecular changes associated with loss of copper homeostasis in adipocytes. RESULTS Significantly increased copper concentrations were observed in adipose tissues of ASKO mice compared with control mice. Aged or HFD-fed ASKO mice manifested a lipoatrophic phenotype characterised by a progressive generalised loss of WAT. Dysfunction of adipose tissues in these ASKO mice was confirmed by decreased levels of both serum leptin and adiponectin and increased levels of triacylglycerol and insulin. Systemic metabolism was also impaired in these mice, as evidenced by a pronounced glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Moreover, we demonstrate a significant induction of lipolysis and DNA-damage signalling pathways in gonadal WAT from aged and HFD-fed ASKO mice. In vitro studies suggest that copper overload is responsible for increased lipolysis and DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results show a previously unappreciated role of adipocyte Atp7a in the regulation of ageing-related metabolic disease and identify new metallophysiologies in whole-body fat metabolism. DATA AVAILABILITY The datasets generated during the current study are available in the Genome Sequence Archive in BIG Data Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics (BIG), Chinese Academy of Sciences, under accession number CRA001769 (http://bigd.big.ac.cn/gsa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China, 100193
| | - Yajun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China, 100193
| | - Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China, 100193
| | - Jianfei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China, 100193
| | - Yiping Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China, 100193
| | - Xiaojuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China, 100193
| | - Chunwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael J Petris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- The Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China, 100193
| | - Yanfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China, 100193.
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Bruder-Nascimento T, Kress TC, Belin de Chantemele EJ. Recent advances in understanding lipodystrophy: a focus on lipodystrophy-associated cardiovascular disease and potential effects of leptin therapy on cardiovascular function. F1000Res 2019; 8:F1000 Faculty Rev-1756. [PMID: 31656583 PMCID: PMC6798323 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.20150.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipodystrophy is a disease characterized by a partial or total absence of adipose tissue leading to severe metabolic derangements including marked insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, and steatohepatitis. Lipodystrophy is also a source of major cardiovascular disorders which, in addition to hepatic failure and infection, contribute to a significant reduction in life expectancy. Metreleptin, the synthetic analog of the adipocyte-derived hormone leptin and current therapy of choice for patients with lipodystrophy, successfully improves metabolic function. However, while leptin has been associated with hypertension, vascular diseases, and inflammation in the context of obesity, it remains unknown whether its daily administration could further impair cardiovascular function in patients with lipodystrophy. The goal of this short review is to describe the cardiovascular phenotype of patients with lipodystrophy, speculate on the etiology of the disorders, and discuss how the use of murine models of lipodystrophy could be beneficial to address the question of the contribution of leptin to lipodystrophy-associated cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Bruder-Nascimento
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Taylor C. Kress
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Eric J. Belin de Chantemele
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Su WC, Lin YH, Pagac M, Wang CW. Seipin negatively regulates sphingolipid production at the ER-LD contact site. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3663-3680. [PMID: 31594806 PMCID: PMC6829658 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201902072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Su et al. show that seipin negatively regulates the production of sphingoid intermediates by binding the enzymes serine palmitoyltransferase and fatty acid elongase at discrete regions of the ER in close vicinity to lipid droplets, thereby mediating the synthesis of two major building blocks for sphingolipids. Seipin is known for its critical role in controlling lipid droplet (LD) assembly at the LD-forming subdomain of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, we identified a new function of seipin as a negative regulator for sphingolipid production. We show that yeast cells lacking seipin displayed altered sensitivity to sphingolipid inhibitors, accumulated sphingoid precursors and intermediates, and increased serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) and fatty acid (FA) elongase activities. Seipin associated with SPT and FA elongase, and the interaction was reduced by inhibitors for sphingolipid synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner. We further show that the interactions of seipin with SPT and FA elongase occurred at ER–LD contacts and were likely regulated differentially. Further evidence indicated that LD biogenesis was intact when SPT activity was blocked, whereas excess sphingoid intermediates may affect LD morphology. Expression of human seipin rescued the altered sphingolipids in yeast seipin mutants, suggesting that the negative regulation of sphingolipid synthesis by seipin is likely an evolutionarily conserved process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Cheng Su
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiu Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Martin Pagac
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Wen Wang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zheng Q, Cao Y, Chen Y, Wang J, Fan Q, Huang X, Wang Y, Wang T, Wang X, Ma J, Cheng J. Senp2 regulates adipose lipid storage by de-SUMOylation of Setdb1. J Mol Cell Biol 2019; 10:258-266. [PMID: 29272473 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjx055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One major function of adipocytes is to store excess energy in the form of triglycerides. Insufficient adipose lipid storage is associated with many pathological conditions including hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we observed the overexpression of SUMO-specific protease 2 (Senp2) in adipose tissues during obesity. Adipocyte Senp2 deficiency resulted in less adipose lipid storage accompanied by an ectopic fat accumulation and insulin resistance under high-fat diet feeding. We further found that SET domain bifurcated 1 (Setdb1) was a SUMOylated protein and that SUMOylation promoted Setdb1 occupancy on the promoter locus of Pparg and Cebpa genes to suppress their expressions by H3K9me3. Senp2 could suppress Setdb1 function by de-SUMOylation. In adipocyte Senp2-deficiency mice, accumulation of the SUMOylated Setdb1 suppressed the expression of Pparg and Cebpa genes as well as lipid metabolism-related target genes, which would decrease the ability of lipid storage in adipocytes. These results revealed the crucial role of Senp2-Setdb1 axis in controlling adipose lipid storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yalan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiqiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuju Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, Institutes of Biomedical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianshi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuzhi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinke Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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The biogenesis of lipid droplets: Lipids take center stage. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 75:100989. [PMID: 31351098 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.100989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are multi-functional cellular organelles that store energy, and regulate many aspects of cell physiology. However, our understanding of the biogenesis of LDs remains very limited. Originating from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), LDs are highly unique organelles in that each LD is bounded by a monolayer of amphipathic lipids. Recent progress has unveiled critical roles of non-bilayer lipids in LD formation. For instance, non-bilayer lipids such as lysophospholipids, diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid (PA) can impact the curvature, surface and line tension of the ER, thereby impacting LD biogenesis. Two well-known regulators of LD formation, FIT2/FITM2 and seipin, have both been implicated in controlling the metabolism and/or distribution of non-bilayer lipids. We summarize and integrate these recent advances and propose that non-bilayer lipids may play a critical role in each step of LD biogenesis.
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Adipose lipidomics and RNA-Seq analysis revealed the enhanced mitochondrial function in UCP1 knock-in pigs. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:1375-1383. [PMID: 31271850 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) plays a key role in nonshivering thermogenesis and is involved in the pathogenesis of obesity. In a previous study, we generated adipocyte-specific UCP1 knock-in (UCP1-KI) pigs, which exhibited improved thermoregulatory ability and decreased fat deposition. To investigate whether UCP1 knock-in alters the lipid composition of adipose tissues, lipidomics of inguinal subcutaneous white adipose tissue (iWAT) and backfat from 6-month-old cold-treated UCP1-KI pigs and wild-type (WT) pigs were profiled. In addition, genome-wide RNA-sequencing of iWAT was performed to further study the genetic basis for lipid alterations. The results showed that iWAT and backfat from UCP1-KI pigs exhibited distinct lipidomic profiles, as the mild lipid alteration was observed in backfat of UCP1 knock-in pigs. Inguinal WAT from UCP1-KI pigs contained significantly decreased total triacylglycerol (p < 0.05), together with the downregulation of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, suggesting the decreased lipogenesis in iWAT of UCP1-KI pigs. Significantly increased levels of total sphingolipids (p<0.05) were also observed in iWAT from UCP1-KI pigs. Notably, two mitochondrial-specific lipid species, cardiolipin CL72:8 (18:2) and CL74:9 (18:2), were found to be dramatically increased in iWAT from UCP1-KI pigs, suggesting enhanced mitochondrial function. This observation was further supported by the significant upregulation of numerous mitochondrial-related genes and significantly increased number of large mitochondria and mitochondrial cristae in iWAT of UCP1-KI pigs. Taken together, these data illustrate the specific role of UCP1 in lipid metabolism of fat tissues in pigs and provide new data for characterization of fat traits in UCP1-KI pigs.
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Chang H, Di T, Wang Y, Zeng X, Li G, Wan Q, Yu W, Chen L. Seipin deletion in mice enhances phosphorylation and aggregation of tau protein through reduced neuronal PPARγ and insulin resistance. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 127:350-361. [PMID: 30910747 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital generalized lipodystrophy 2 (CGL2) is characterized by loss of adipose tissue, insulin resistance and cognitive deficits and caused by mutation of BSCL2/seipin gene. Seipin deletion in mice and rats causes severe lipodystrophy, insulin resistance, and cognitive impairment. Hippocampal neurons express seipin protein. This study aimed to investigate the influence of systemic seipin knockout (seipin-sKO), neuronal seipin knockout (seipin-nKO) or adipose seipin knockout (seipin-aKO) in hippocampal tau phosphorylation and aggregation. Levels of tau phosphorylation at Thr212/Ser214 and Ser202/Thr205 and oligomer tau protein were increased in seipin-sKO mice and seipin-nKO mice with a decrease in axonal density and expression of PPARγ. Neuronal seipin deletion increased activities of GSK3β and Akt/mTOR signaling, which were corrected by the administration of PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone for 7 days. The autophagosome formation was reduced in seipin-sKO mice and seipin-nKO mice, which was rescued by the Akt and mTOR inhibitors. The administration of rosiglitazone or Akt, mTOR and GSK3β inhibitors for 7 days could correct the hyperphosphorylation and aggregation of tau. On the other hand, seipin-sKO mice appeared insulin resistance and an increase in phosphorylation of tau at Ser396 and JNK, which were corrected by treatment with rosiglitazone for 30 days rather than 7 days. Inhibition of JNK in seipin-sKO mice corrected the hyperphosphorylated tau at Ser396. The results indicate that neuronal seipin deletion causes hyperphosphorylation and aggregation of tau protein leading to axonal atrophy through reduced PPARγ to enhance GSK3β and Akt/mTOR signaling; systemic seipin deletion-induced insulin resistance causes tau hyperphosphorylation via cascading JNK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanxian Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Tingting Di
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xianying Zeng
- Department of Geratology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Guoxi Li
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qi Wan
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Guangzhou Road 300, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wenfeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases of Education Ministry, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, Guizhou 550025, China.
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Xu W, Zhou H, Xuan H, Saha P, Wang G, Chen W. Novel metabolic disorders in skeletal muscle of Lipodystrophic Bscl2/Seipin deficient mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 482:1-10. [PMID: 30521848 PMCID: PMC6340772 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Bscl2-/- mice recapitulate many of the major metabolic manifestations in Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy type 2 (BSCL2) individuals, including lipodystrophy, hepatosteatosis, muscular hypertrophy, and insulin resistance. Metabolic defects in Bscl2-/- mice with regard to glucose and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle have never been investigated. Here, we identified Bscl2-/- mice displayed reduced intramyocellular triglyceride (IMTG) content but increased glycogen storage predominantly in oxidative type I soleus muscle (SM). These changes were associated with increased incomplete fatty acid oxidation and glycogen synthesis. Interestingly, SM in Bscl2-/- mice demonstrated a fasting duration induced insulin sensitivity which was further confirmed by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in SM of overnight fasted Bscl2-/- mice but reversed by raising circulating NEFA levels through intralipid infusion. Furthermore, mice with skeletal muscle-specific inactivation of BSCL2 manifested no changes in muscle deposition of lipids and glycogen, suggesting BSCL2 does not play a cell-autonomous role in muscle lipid and glucose homeostasis. Our study uncovers a novel link between muscle metabolic defects and insulin resistance, and underscores an important role of circulating NEFA in regulating oxidative muscle insulin signaling in BSCL2 lipodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Hongyi Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Hongzhuan Xuan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA; School of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, 252059, PR China
| | - Pradip Saha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gongxian Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330006, PR China.
| | - Weiqin Chen
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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Qin YY, Zhang X, Xiang LQ, Shan QW, Li SD, Yan J, Lin FQ. A New Compound Heterozygous Mutation Of BSCL2 In A Chinese Zhuang Ethnic Family With Congenital Generalized Lipodystrophy. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:2583-2587. [PMID: 31824185 PMCID: PMC6901035 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s207293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to report the clinical features of an infant with CGL in a Chinese Zhuang ethnic family, whose family members were discovered to carry new pathogenic mutations in the BSCL2. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this study, we report clinical and molecular investigations of CGL disease in a family of 4 members (parents and two sons). We used whole exome sequencing (WES) in the family to examine the genetic cause of the disease. RESULTS The proband presented with skin pigmentation, hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes. WES identified a previously unreported compound heterozygous mutation in the BSCL2 (c.545_546insCCG heterozygous mutation and exon 3 heterozygous deletion) in the proband. His mother is a heterozygous carrier of the c.545_546insCCG mutation and his father and brother are carriers of the exon 3 heterozygous deletion. CONCLUSION Compound heterozygous mutation of the BSCL2 (new c.545_546insCCG heterozygous mutation and new exon 3 heterozygous deletion) was detected in the proband with characteristic clinical manifestations of CGL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-yuan Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-qun Xiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing-wen Shan
- Department of Pediatric, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shou-dong Li
- Guangxi Anren Xin Bio Technology Co., Ltd, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fa-quan Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Fa-quan Lin The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-771-5329287 Email
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