1
|
Siwan D, Nandave M, Gilhotra R, Almalki WH, Gupta G, Gautam RK. Unlocking β-cell restoration: The crucial role of PDX1 in diabetes therapy. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155131. [PMID: 38309018 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes has been a significant healthcare problem worldwide for a considerable period. The primary objective of diabetic treatment plans is to control the symptoms associated with the pathology. To effectively combat diabetes, it is crucial to comprehend the disease's etiology, essential factors, and the relevant processes involving β-cells. The development of the pancreas, maturation, and maintenance of β-cells, and their role in regular insulin function are all regulated by PDX1. Therefore, understanding the regulation of PDX1 and its interactions with signaling pathways involved in β-cell differentiation and proliferation are crucial elements of alternative diabetes treatment strategies. The present review aims to explore the protective role of PDX1 in β-cell proliferation through signaling pathways. The main keywords chosen for this review include "PDX1 for β-cell mass," "β-cell proliferation," "β-cell restoration via PDX1," and "mechanism of PDX1 in β-cells." A comprehensive literature search was conducted using various internet search engines, such as PubMed, Science Direct, and other publication databases. We summarize several approaches to generating β-cells from alternative cell sources, employing PDX1 under various modified growth conditions and different transcriptional factors. Our analysis highlights the unique potential of PDX1 as a promising target in molecular and cell-based therapies for diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Siwan
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Mukesh Nandave
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 110017, India.
| | - Ritu Gilhotra
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India; School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India; Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rupesh K Gautam
- Department of Pharmacology, Indore Institute of Pharmacy, IIST Campus, Opposite IIM Indore, Rau-Pithampur Road, Indore 453331, Madhya Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mi J, Liu KC, Andersson O. Decoding pancreatic endocrine cell differentiation and β cell regeneration in zebrafish. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf5142. [PMID: 37595046 PMCID: PMC10438462 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf5142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to mice, zebrafish have an exceptional yet elusive ability to replenish lost β cells in adulthood. Understanding this framework would provide mechanistic insights for β cell regeneration, which may be extrapolated to humans. Here, we characterize a krt4-expressing ductal cell type, which is distinct from the putative Notch-responsive cells, showing neogenic competence and giving rise to the majority of endocrine cells during postembryonic development. Furthermore, we demonstrate a marked ductal remodeling process featuring a Notch-responsive to krt4+ luminal duct transformation during late development, indicating several origins of krt4+ ductal cells displaying similar transcriptional patterns. Single-cell transcriptomics upon a series of time points during β cell regeneration unveil a previously unrecognized dlb+ transitional endocrine precursor cell, distinct regulons, and a differentiation trajectory involving cellular shuffling through differentiation and dedifferentiation dynamics. These results establish a model of zebrafish pancreatic endocrinogenesis and highlight key values of zebrafish for translational studies of β cell regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ka-Cheuk Liu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ebrahim N, Shakirova K, Dashinimaev E. PDX1 is the cornerstone of pancreatic β-cell functions and identity. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1091757. [PMID: 36589234 PMCID: PMC9798421 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1091757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes has been a worldwide healthcare problem for many years. Current methods of treating diabetes are still largely directed at symptoms, aiming to control the manifestations of the pathology. This creates an overall need to find alternative measures that can impact on the causes of the disease, reverse diabetes, or make it more manageable. Understanding the role of key players in the pathogenesis of diabetes and the related β-cell functions is of great importance in combating diabetes. PDX1 is a master regulator in pancreas organogenesis, the maturation and identity preservation of β-cells, and of their role in normal insulin function. Mutations in the PDX1 gene are correlated with many pancreatic dysfunctions, including pancreatic agenesis (homozygous mutation) and MODY4 (heterozygous mutation), while in other types of diabetes, PDX1 expression is reduced. Therefore, alternative approaches to treat diabetes largely depend on knowledge of PDX1 regulation, its interaction with other transcription factors, and its role in obtaining β-cells through differentiation and transdifferentiation protocols. In this article, we review the basic functions of PDX1 and its regulation by genetic and epigenetic factors. Lastly, we summarize different variations of the differentiation protocols used to obtain β-cells from alternative cell sources, using PDX1 alone or in combination with various transcription factors and modified culture conditions. This review shows the unique position of PDX1 as a potential target in the genetic and cellular treatment of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nour Ebrahim
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Ksenia Shakirova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Erdem Dashinimaev
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, Russia,*Correspondence: Erdem Dashinimaev,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xiu X, Zhang H, Xue A, Cooper DN, Yan L, Yang Y, Yang Y, Zhao H. Genetic evidence for a causal relationship between type 2 diabetes and peripheral artery disease in both Europeans and East Asians. BMC Med 2022; 20:300. [PMID: 36042491 PMCID: PMC9429730 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02476-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have revealed that type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with an increased risk of peripheral artery disease (PAD). However, whether the two diseases share a genetic basis and whether the relationship is causal remain unclear. It is also unclear as to whether these relationships differ between ethnic groups. METHODS By leveraging large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics of T2D (European-based: Ncase = 21,926, Ncontrol = 342,747; East Asian-based: Ncase = 36,614, Ncontrol = 155,150) and PAD (European-based: Ncase = 5673, Ncontrol = 359,551; East Asian-based: Ncase = 3593, Ncontrol = 208,860), we explored the genetic correlation and putative causal relationship between T2D and PAD in both Europeans and East Asians using linkage disequilibrium score regression and seven Mendelian randomization (MR) models. We also performed multi-trait analysis of GWAS and two gene-based analyses to reveal candidate variants and risk genes involved in the shared genetic basis between T2D and PAD. RESULTS We observed a strong genetic correlation (rg) between T2D and PAD in both Europeans (rg = 0.51; p-value = 9.34 × 10-15) and East Asians (rg = 0.46; p-value = 1.67 × 10-12). The MR analyses provided consistent evidence for a causal effect of T2D on PAD in both ethnicities (odds ratio [OR] = 1.05 to 1.28 for Europeans and 1.15 to 1.27 for East Asians) but not PAD on T2D. This putative causal effect was not influenced by total cholesterol, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, or smoking initiation according to multivariable MR analysis, and the genetic overlap between T2D and PAD was further explored employing an independent European sample through polygenic risk score regression. Multi-trait analysis of GWAS revealed two novel European-specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs927742 and rs1734409) associated with the shared genetic basis of T2D and PAD. Gene-based analyses consistently identified one gene ANKFY1 and gene-gene interactions (e.g., STARD10 [European-specific] to AP3S2 [East Asian-specific]; KCNJ11 [European-specific] to KCNQ1 [East Asian-specific]) associated with the trans-ethnic genetic overlap between T2D and PAD, reflecting a common genetic basis for the co-occurrence of T2D and PAD in both Europeans and East Asians. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides the first evidence for a genetically causal effect of T2D on PAD in both Europeans and East Asians. Several candidate variants and risk genes were identified as being associated with this genetic overlap. Our findings emphasize the importance of monitoring PAD status in T2D patients and suggest new genetic biomarkers for screening PAD risk among patients with T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuehao Xiu
- Department of Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoyang Zhang
- Department of Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangzhou, China.,School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Angli Xue
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David N Cooper
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuedong Yang
- School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
| | - Yuanhao Yang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Huiying Zhao
- Department of Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Theis A, Singer RA, Garofalo D, Paul A, Narayana A, Sussel L. Groucho co-repressor proteins regulate β cell development and proliferation by repressing Foxa1 in the developing mouse pancreas. Development 2021; 148:dev.192401. [PMID: 33658226 DOI: 10.1242/dev.192401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Groucho-related genes (GRGs) are transcriptional co-repressors that are crucial for many developmental processes. Several essential pancreatic transcription factors are capable of interacting with GRGs; however, the in vivo role of GRG-mediated transcriptional repression in pancreas development is still not well understood. In this study, we used complex mouse genetics and transcriptomic analyses to determine that GRG3 is essential for β cell development, and in the absence of Grg3 there is compensatory upregulation of Grg4 Grg3/4 double mutant mice have severe dysregulation of the pancreas gene program with ectopic expression of canonical liver genes and Foxa1, a master regulator of the liver program. Neurod1, an essential β cell transcription factor and predicted target of Foxa1, becomes downregulated in Grg3/4 mutants, resulting in reduced β cell proliferation, hyperglycemia, and early lethality. These findings uncover novel functions of GRG-mediated repression during pancreas development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Theis
- Department of Pediatrics and Cell & Developmental Biology, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ruth A Singer
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Diana Garofalo
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alexander Paul
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Graduate program in Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Anila Narayana
- Department of Pediatrics and Cell & Developmental Biology, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lori Sussel
- Department of Pediatrics and Cell & Developmental Biology, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA .,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bevacqua RJ, Lam JY, Peiris H, Whitener RL, Kim S, Gu X, Friedlander MSH, Kim SK. SIX2 and SIX3 coordinately regulate functional maturity and fate of human pancreatic β cells. Genes Dev 2021; 35:234-249. [PMID: 33446570 PMCID: PMC7849364 DOI: 10.1101/gad.342378.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The physiological functions of many vital tissues and organs continue to mature after birth, but the genetic mechanisms governing this postnatal maturation remain an unsolved mystery. Human pancreatic β cells produce and secrete insulin in response to physiological cues like glucose, and these hallmark functions improve in the years after birth. This coincides with expression of the transcription factors SIX2 and SIX3, whose functions in native human β cells remain unknown. Here, we show that shRNA-mediated SIX2 or SIX3 suppression in human pancreatic adult islets impairs insulin secretion. However, transcriptome studies revealed that SIX2 and SIX3 regulate distinct targets. Loss of SIX2 markedly impaired expression of genes governing β-cell insulin processing and output, glucose sensing, and electrophysiology, while SIX3 loss led to inappropriate expression of genes normally expressed in fetal β cells, adult α cells, and other non-β cells. Chromatin accessibility studies identified genes directly regulated by SIX2. Moreover, β cells from diabetic humans with impaired insulin secretion also had reduced SIX2 transcript levels. Revealing how SIX2 and SIX3 govern functional maturation and maintain developmental fate in native human β cells should advance β-cell replacement and other therapeutic strategies for diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romina J Bevacqua
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Jonathan Y Lam
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Heshan Peiris
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Robert L Whitener
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Seokho Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Xueying Gu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Mollie S H Friedlander
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Seung K Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Davidson RK, Kanojia S, Spaeth JM. The Contribution of Transcriptional Coregulators in the Maintenance of β-cell Function and Identity. Endocrinology 2021; 162:5992209. [PMID: 33211800 PMCID: PMC7749714 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Islet β-cell dysfunction that leads to impaired insulin secretion is a principal source of pathology of diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, this breakdown in β-cell health is associated with compromised islet-enriched transcription factor (TF) activity that disrupts gene expression programs essential for cell function and identity. TF activity is modulated by recruited coregulators that govern activation and/or repression of target gene expression, thereby providing a supporting layer of control. To date, more than 350 coregulators have been discovered that coordinate nucleosome rearrangements, modify histones, and physically bridge general transcriptional machinery to recruited TFs; however, relatively few have been attributed to β-cell function. Here, we will describe recent findings on those coregulators with direct roles in maintaining islet β-cell health and identity and discuss how disruption of coregulator activity is associated with diabetes pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Davidson
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sukrati Kanojia
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jason M Spaeth
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Correspondence: Jason M. Spaeth, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, MS 2047, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hu S, Chen Z, Gu J, Tan L, Zhang M, Lin W. TLE2 is associated with favorable prognosis and regulates cell growth and gemcitabine sensitivity in pancreatic cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1017. [PMID: 32953817 PMCID: PMC7475492 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The transducin-like enhancer of split (TLE) proteins are a group of transcriptional corepressors. They play a crucial role in cellular homeostasis and are involved in various cancers. Compared with other TLE family members, little is known about the role and the underlying mechanism of TLE2 in human cancers. This study aimed to investigate the role of TLE2 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) using in silico analysis and in vitro experiments. Methods Data were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to evaluate the prognostic value of TLE2 in PDAC. The MiaPaCa-2 cell line was transfected with siRNA to inhibit endogenous TLE2 expression, and a PANC-1 cell line with stable TLE2 overexpression was constructed using lentiviral transfection, which were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. MTT assay, transwell invasion assays, and flow cytometry were carried out to assess cell viability, invasion, and apoptosis, respectively. TLE2 expression in PDAC cells was altered to evaluate their sensitivity to gemcitabine. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were conducted to predict the biological role of TLE2. Results High expression of TLEs was significantly associated with increased overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with PDAC. Among the PDAC cell lines, TLE2 expression was lowest and highest in PANC-1 cells and MiaPaCa-2 cells, respectively. TLE2 overexpression impaired the proliferation ability of PANC-1 cells and downregulation of TLE2 promoted the proliferation of MiaPaCa-2 cells. Upregulation of TLE2 in PANC-1 cells induced S-phase accumulation and sensitivity to gemcitabine. In contrast, the downregulation of TLE2 in MiaPaCa-2 cells promoted resistance to gemcitabine. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis also revealed the potential tumor suppressor role of TLE2 and uncovered a close relationship between TLE2 expression and cell cycle regulation. Conclusions Our results suggest that TLE2 expression is correlated with prognosis in patients with PDAC and show that TLE2 plays a central role in the regulation of cell proliferation, the cell cycle, and gemcitabine sensitivity. This study provides new insights and evidence that TLE2 functions as a tumor suppressor gene and prognostic marker in PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shixiong Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengbo Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinling Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liyang Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meifeng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Lin
- The Second People's Hospital of Foshan, Affiliated Foshan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chung KM, Singh J, Lawres L, Dorans KJ, Garcia C, Burkhardt DB, Robbins R, Bhutkar A, Cardone R, Zhao X, Babic A, Vayrynen SA, Dias Costa A, Nowak JA, Chang DT, Dunne RF, Hezel AF, Koong AC, Wilhelm JJ, Bellin MD, Nylander V, Gloyn AL, McCarthy MI, Kibbey RG, Krishnaswamy S, Wolpin BM, Jacks T, Fuchs CS, Muzumdar MD. Endocrine-Exocrine Signaling Drives Obesity-Associated Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cell 2020; 181:832-847.e18. [PMID: 32304665 PMCID: PMC7266008 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major modifiable risk factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), yet how and when obesity contributes to PDAC progression is not well understood. Leveraging an autochthonous mouse model, we demonstrate a causal and reversible role for obesity in early PDAC progression, showing that obesity markedly enhances tumorigenesis, while genetic or dietary induction of weight loss intercepts cancer development. Molecular analyses of human and murine samples define microenvironmental consequences of obesity that foster tumorigenesis rather than new driver gene mutations, including significant pancreatic islet cell adaptation in obesity-associated tumors. Specifically, we identify aberrant beta cell expression of the peptide hormone cholecystokinin (Cck) in response to obesity and show that islet Cck promotes oncogenic Kras-driven pancreatic ductal tumorigenesis. Our studies argue that PDAC progression is driven by local obesity-associated changes in the tumor microenvironment and implicate endocrine-exocrine signaling beyond insulin in PDAC development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaffarguriqbal Singh
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Lauren Lawres
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | | | - Cathy Garcia
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Daniel B Burkhardt
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Rebecca Robbins
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Arjun Bhutkar
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rebecca Cardone
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xiaojian Zhao
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ana Babic
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sara A Vayrynen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Andressa Dias Costa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel T Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Richard F Dunne
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Aram F Hezel
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Albert C Koong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joshua J Wilhelm
- Schulze Diabetes Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Melena D Bellin
- Schulze Diabetes Institute and Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Vibe Nylander
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Anna L Gloyn
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Richard G Kibbey
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Smita Krishnaswamy
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Brian M Wolpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tyler Jacks
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Yale Cancer Center, Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Mandar Deepak Muzumdar
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT 06516, USA; Yale Cancer Center, Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Armour SL, Anderson SJ, Richardson SJ, Ding Y, Carey C, Lyon J, Maheshwari RR, Al-Jahdami N, Krasnogor N, Morgan NG, MacDonald P, Shaw JAM, White MG. Reduced Expression of the Co-regulator TLE1 in Type 2 Diabetes Is Associated with Increased Islet α-Cell Number. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5739548. [PMID: 32065829 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
β-Cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with loss of cellular identity and mis-expression of alternative islet hormones, including glucagon. The molecular basis for these cellular changes has been attributed to dysregulation of core β-cell transcription factors, which regulate β-cell identity through activating and repressive mechanisms. The TLE1 gene lies near a T2D susceptibility locus and, recently, the glucagon repressive actions of this transcriptional coregulator have been demonstrated in vitro. We investigated whether TLE1 expression is disrupted in human T2D, and whether this is associated with increased islet glucagon-expressing cells. Automated image analysis following immunofluorescence in donors with (n = 7) and without (n = 7) T2D revealed that T2D was associated with higher islet α/β cell ratio (Control: 0.7 ± 0.1 vs T2D: 1.6 ± 0.4; P < .05) and an increased frequency of bihormonal (insulin+/glucagon+) cells (Control: 0.8 ± 0.2% vs T2D: 2.0 ± 0.4%, P < .05). In nondiabetic donors, the majority of TLE1-positive cells were mono-hormonal β-cells (insulin+/glucagon-: 98.2 ± 0.5%; insulin+/glucagon+: 0.7 ± 0.2%; insulin-/glucagon+: 1.1 ± 0.4%; P < .001). TLE1 expression was reduced in T2D (Control: 36 ± 2.9% vs T2D: 24 ± 2.6%; P < .05). Reduced islet TLE1 expression was inversely correlated with α/β cell ratio (r = -0.55; P < .05). TLE1 knockdown in EndoC-βH1 cells was associated with a 2.5-fold increase in glucagon gene mRNA and mis-expression of glucagon in insulin-positive cells. These data support TLE1 as a putative regulator of human β-cell identity, with dysregulated expression in T2D associated with increased glucagon expression potentially reflecting β- to α-cell conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Armour
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Diabetes Research Group, Newcastle University Medical School, Framlington Place, UK
| | - Scott J Anderson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Diabetes Research Group, Newcastle University Medical School, Framlington Place, UK
| | - Sarah J Richardson
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Yuchun Ding
- Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex Biosystems (ICOS) Research Group, School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle Helix, UK
| | - Chris Carey
- Molecular Pathology Node Proximity Laboratory, Royal Victoria Infirmary, UK
| | - James Lyon
- Department of Pharmacology, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rashmi R Maheshwari
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Diabetes Research Group, Newcastle University Medical School, Framlington Place, UK
| | - Najwa Al-Jahdami
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Diabetes Research Group, Newcastle University Medical School, Framlington Place, UK
| | - Natalio Krasnogor
- Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex Biosystems (ICOS) Research Group, School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle Helix, UK
| | - Noel G Morgan
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Patrick MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacology, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - James A M Shaw
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Diabetes Research Group, Newcastle University Medical School, Framlington Place, UK
- Institute of Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE6 BXH, UK
| | - Michael G White
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Diabetes Research Group, Newcastle University Medical School, Framlington Place, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Differential Regulation of TLE3 in Sertoli Cells of the Testes during Postnatal Development. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101156. [PMID: 31569653 PMCID: PMC6848928 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a process by which haploid cells differentiate from germ cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. TLE3, a transcriptional co-regulator that interacts with DNA-binding factors, plays a role in the development of somatic cells. However, no studies have shown its role during germ cell development in the testes. Here, we examined TLE3 expression in the testes during spermatogenesis. TLE3 was highly expressed in mouse testes and was dynamically regulated in different cell types of the seminiferous tubules, spermatogonia, spermatids, and Sertoli cells, but not in the spermatocytes. Interestingly, TLE3 was not detected in Sertoli cells on postnatal day 7 (P7) but was expressed from P10 onward. The microarray analysis showed that the expression of numerous genes changed upon TLE3 knockdown in a Sertoli cell line TM4. These include 1597 up-regulated genes and 1452 down-regulated genes in TLE3-knockdown TM4 cells. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) showed that three factors were up-regulated and two genes were down-regulated upon TLE3 knockdown in TM4 cells. The abnormal expression of the three factors is associated with cellular malfunctions such as abnormal differentiation and Sertoli cell formation. Thus, TLE3 is differentially expressed in Sertoli cells and plays a crucial role in regulating cell-specific genes involved in the differentiation and formation of Sertoli cells during testicular development.
Collapse
|
12
|
Kowalska M, Rupik W. Development of the duct system during exocrine pancreas differentiation in the grass snakeNatrix natrix(Lepidosauria, Serpentes). J Morphol 2018; 279:724-746. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kowalska
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology; University of Silesia; Katowice Poland
| | - Weronika Rupik
- Department of Animal Histology and Embryology; University of Silesia; Katowice Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bastidas-Ponce A, Scheibner K, Lickert H, Bakhti M. Cellular and molecular mechanisms coordinating pancreas development. Development 2017; 144:2873-2888. [PMID: 28811309 DOI: 10.1242/dev.140756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The pancreas is an endoderm-derived glandular organ that participates in the regulation of systemic glucose metabolism and food digestion through the function of its endocrine and exocrine compartments, respectively. While intensive research has explored the signaling pathways and transcriptional programs that govern pancreas development, much remains to be discovered regarding the cellular processes that orchestrate pancreas morphogenesis. Here, we discuss the developmental mechanisms and principles that are known to underlie pancreas development, from induction and lineage formation to morphogenesis and organogenesis. Elucidating such principles will help to identify novel candidate disease genes and unravel the pathogenesis of pancreas-related diseases, such as diabetes, pancreatitis and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aimée Bastidas-Ponce
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Scheibner
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany .,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Adamczyk M, Szatkowska R. Low RNA Polymerase III activity results in up regulation of HXT2 glucose transporter independently of glucose signaling and despite changing environment. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185516. [PMID: 28961268 PMCID: PMC5621690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Saccharomyces cerevisiae responds to glucose availability in the environment, inducing the expression of the low-affinity transporters and high-affinity transporters in a concentration dependent manner. This cellular decision making is controlled through finely tuned communication between multiple glucose sensing pathways including the Snf1-Mig1, Snf3/Rgt2-Rgt1 (SRR) and cAMP-PKA pathways. Results We demonstrate the first evidence that RNA Polymerase III (RNAP III) activity affects the expression of the glucose transporter HXT2 (RNA Polymerase II dependent—RNAP II) at the level of transcription. Down-regulation of RNAP III activity in an rpc128-1007 mutant results in a significant increase in HXT2 mRNA, which is considered to respond only to low extracellular glucose concentrations. HXT2 expression is induced in the mutant regardless of the growth conditions either at high glucose concentration or in the presence of a non-fermentable carbon source such as glycerol. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), we found an increased association of Rgt1 and Tup1 transcription factors with the highly activated HXT2 promoter in the rpc128-1007 strain. Furthermore, by measuring cellular abundance of Mth1 corepressor, we found that in rpc128-1007, HXT2 gene expression was independent from Snf3/Rgt2-Rgt1 (SRR) signaling. The Snf1 protein kinase complex, which needs to be active for the release from glucose repression, also did not appear perturbed in the mutated strain. Conclusions/Significance These findings suggest that the general activity of RNAP III can indirectly affect the RNAP II transcriptional machinery on the HXT2 promoter when cellular perception transduced via the major signaling pathways, broadly recognized as on/off switch essential to either positive or negative HXT gene regulation, remain entirely intact. Further, Rgt1/Ssn6-Tup1 complex, which has a dual function in gene transcription as a repressor-activator complex, contributes to HXT2 transcriptional activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Adamczyk
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Roza Szatkowska
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yuan D, Yang X, Yuan Z, Zhao Y, Guo J. TLE1 function and therapeutic potential in cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:15971-15976. [PMID: 27852056 PMCID: PMC5362539 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Groucho (Gro)/Transducin-like enhancer of split (TLE) family proteins act as co-repressors of many transcription factors, and are involved in key signaling pathways. TLE1 negatively regulates inflammation and has potential roles in various diseases, including cancer. Previous studies suggest TLE1 could be used as a diagnostic marker and is a possible therapeutic target in various malignancies. It is therefore important to elucidate the mechanisms underlying TLE1 function during cancer initiation and metastasis. In this review, we highlight the functions of TLE1 in cancer and explore targeted approaches for cancer diagnosis and treatment. In particular, we discuss the TLE1 function in pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenpeng Yuan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Cardiovascular Institute and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqing Zhao
- Institute of Medical Information, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junchao Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang RW, Zeng YY, Wei WT, Cui YM, Sun HY, Cai YL, Nian XX, Hu YT, Quan YP, Jiang SL, Wang M, Zhao YL, Qiu JF, Li MX, Zhang JH, He MR, Liang L, Ding YQ, Liao WT. TLE3 represses colorectal cancer proliferation by inhibiting MAPK and AKT signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:152. [PMID: 27669982 PMCID: PMC5037636 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0426-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Transducin-like enhancer of Split3 (TLE3) serves as a transcriptional corepressor during cell differentiation and shows multiple roles in different kinds of cancers. Recently, TLE3 together with many other genes involved in Wnt/β-catenin pathway were detected hyper-methylated in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the potential role and the underlying mechanism of TLE3 in CRC progression remain scarce. Methods Gene expression profiles were analyzed in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray dataset of 41 normal colorectal intestine tissues and 465 CRC tissues. Western blot and Real-time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) were respectively performed to detect protein and mRNA expression in 8 pairs of CRC tissue and matched adjacent normal mucosa. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was conducted to evaluate TLE3 protein expression in 105 paraffin-embedded, archived human CRC tissues from patients, whose survival data were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier method. In vitro experiments including MTT assay, colony formation assay, and soft agar formation assay were used to investigate the effects of TLE3 on CRC cell growth and proliferation. Additionally, subcutaneous tumorigenesis assay was performed in nude mice to confirm the effects of TLE3 in vivo. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was run to explore potential mechanism of TLE3 in CRC, and then we measured the distribution of CRC cell cycle phases and apoptosis by flow cytometry, as well as the impacts of TLE3 on MAPK and AKT signaling pathways by Western blot and RT-qPCR. Results TLE3 was significantly down-regulated in 465 CRC tissues compared with 41 normal tissues. Both protein and mRNA expressions of TLE3 were down-regulated in CRC compared with matched adjacent normal mucosa. Lower expression of TLE3 was significantly associated with poorer survival of patients with CRC. Besides, knock down of TLE3 promoted CRC cell growth and proliferation, while overexpression of TLE3 showed suppressive effects. Furthermore, overexpression of TLE3 caused G1-S phase transition arrest, inhibition of MAPK and AKT pathways, and up-regulation of p21Cip1/WAF1 and p27Kip1. Conclusion This study indicated that TLE3 repressed CRC proliferation partly through inhibition of MAPK and AKT signaling pathways, suggesting the possibility of TLE3 as a biomarker for CRC prognosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-016-0426-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Run-Wei Yang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying-Yue Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Ting Wei
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Mei Cui
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui-Ying Sun
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue-Long Cai
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin-Xin Nian
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun-Teng Hu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Ping Quan
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sheng-Lu Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ya-Li Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun-Feng Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming-Xuan Li
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Huan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei-Rong He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Qing Ding
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wen-Ting Liao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tle1 tumor suppressor negatively regulates inflammation in vivo and modulates NF-κB inflammatory pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:1871-6. [PMID: 26831087 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1511380113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tle1 (transducin-like enhancer of split 1) is a corepressor that interacts with a variety of DNA-binding transcription factors and has been implicated in many cellular functions; however, physiological studies are limited. Tle1-deficient (Tle1(Δ/Δ)) mice, although grossly normal at birth, exhibit skin defects, lung hypoplasia, severe runting, poor body condition, and early mortality. Tle1(Δ/Δ) mice display a chronic inflammatory phenotype with increased expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the skin, lung, and intestine and increased circulatory IL-6 and G-CSF, along with a hematopoietic shift toward granulocyte macrophage progenitor and myeloid cells. Tle1(Δ/Δ) macrophages produce increased inflammatory cytokines in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and Tle1(Δ/Δ) mice display an enhanced inflammatory response to ear skin 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate treatment. Loss of Tle1 not only results in increased phosphorylation and activation of proinflammatory NF-κB but also results in decreased Hes1 (hairy and enhancer of split-1), a negative regulator of inflammation in macrophages. Furthermore, Tle1(Δ/Δ) mice exhibit accelerated growth of B6-F10 melanoma xenografts. Our work provides the first in vivo evidence, to our knowledge, that TLE1 is a major counterregulator of inflammation with potential roles in a variety of inflammatory diseases and in cancer progression.
Collapse
|
18
|
The Role of ARX in Human Pancreatic Endocrine Specification. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144100. [PMID: 26633894 PMCID: PMC4669132 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) offers a model system to explore human development. Humans with mutations in the transcription factor Aristaless Related Homeobox (ARX) often suffer from the syndrome X-linked lissencephaly with ambiguous genitalia (XLAG), affecting many cell types including those of the pancreas. Indeed, XLAG pancreatic islets lack glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide-positive cells but retain somatostatin, insulin, and ghrelin-positive cells. To further examine the role of ARX in human pancreatic endocrine development, we utilized genomic editing in hESCs to generate deletions in ARX. ARX knockout hESCs retained pancreatic differentiation capacity and ARX knockout endocrine cells were biased toward somatostatin-positive cells (94% of endocrine cells) with reduced pancreatic polypeptide (rarely detected), glucagon (90% reduced) and insulin-positive (65% reduced) lineages. ARX knockout somatostatin-positive cells shared expression patterns with human fetal and adult δ-cells. Differentiated ARX knockout cells upregulated PAX4, NKX2.2, ISL1, HHEX, PCSK1, PCSK2 expression while downregulating PAX6 and IRX2. Re-expression of ARX in ARX knockout pancreatic progenitors reduced HHEX and increased PAX6 and insulin expression following differentiation. Taken together these data suggest that ARX plays a key role in pancreatic endocrine fate specification of pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin, glucagon and insulin positive cells from hESCs.
Collapse
|
19
|
Agarwal M, Kumar P, Mathew SJ. The Groucho/Transducin-like enhancer of split protein family in animal development. IUBMB Life 2015; 67:472-81. [PMID: 26172616 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Corepressors are proteins that cannot bind DNA directly but repress transcription by interacting with partner proteins. The Groucho/Transducin-Like Enhancer of Split (TLE) are a conserved family of corepressor proteins present in animals ranging from invertebrates such as Drosophila to vertebrates such as mice and humans. Groucho/TLE proteins perform important functions throughout the life span of animals, interacting with several pathways and regulating fundamental processes such as metabolism. However, these proteins have especially crucial functions in animal development, where they are required in multiple tissues in a temporally regulated manner. In this review, we summarize the functions of the Groucho/TLE proteins during animal development, emphasizing on specific tissues where they play essential roles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megha Agarwal
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Bio-Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Bio-Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Sam J Mathew
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Bio-Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Autoimmune destruction of the β cells is considered the key abnormality in type 1 diabetes mellitus and insulin replacement the primary therapeutic strategy. However, a lack of insulin is accompanied by disturbances in glucagon release, which is excessive postprandially, but insufficient during hypoglycaemia. In addition, replacing insulin alone appears insufficient for adequate glucose control. This review focuses on the growing body of evidence that glucagon abnormalities contribute significantly to the pathophysiology of diabetes and on recent efforts to target the glucagon axis as adjunctive therapy to insulin replacement. RECENT FINDINGS This review discusses recent (since 2013) advances in abnormalities of glucagon regulation and their link to the pathophysiology of diabetes; new mechanisms of glucagon action and regulation; manipulation of glucagon in diabetes treatment; and analytical and systems biology tools to study glucagon regulation. SUMMARY Recent efforts 'resurrected' glucagon as a key hormone in the pathophysiology of diabetes. New studies target its abnormal regulation and action that is key for improving diabetes treatment. The progress is promising, but major questions remain, including unravelling the mechanism of loss of glucagon counterregulation in type 1 diabetes mellitus and how best to manipulate glucagon to achieve more efficient and safer glycaemic control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leon S Farhy
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine and Center for Diabetes Technology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Klein GL. Insulin and bone: Recent developments. World J Diabetes 2014; 5:14-16. [PMID: 24567798 PMCID: PMC3932424 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
While insulin-like growth factor I is a well-known anabolic agent in bone evidence is beginning to accumulate that its homologue, insulin, also has some anabolic properties for bone. There is specific evidence that insulin may work to stimulate osteoblast differentiation, which in turn would enhance production of osteocalcin, the osteoblast-produced peptide that can stimulate pancreatic β cell proliferation and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity. It is uncertain whether insulin stimulates bone directly or indirectly by increasing muscle work and therefore skeletal loading. We raise the question of the sequence of events that occurs with insulin resistance, such as type 2 diabetes. Evidence to date suggests that these patients have lower serum concentrations of osteocalcin, perhaps reduced skeletal loading, and reduced bone strength as evidenced by micro-indentation studies.
Collapse
|