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Lee WH, Najjar SM, Kahn CR, Hinds TD. Hepatic insulin receptor: new views on the mechanisms of liver disease. Metabolism 2023; 145:155607. [PMID: 37271372 PMCID: PMC10330768 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Over 65 % of people with obesity display the metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), which can manifest as steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, or liver cancer. The development and progression of MAFLD involve hepatic insulin resistance and reduced insulin clearance. This review discusses the relationships between altered insulin signaling, hepatic insulin resistance, and reduced insulin clearance in the development of MAFLD and how this provides the impetus for exploring the use of insulin sensitizers to curb this disease. The review also explores the role of the insulin receptor in hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells and how it signals in metabolic and end-stage liver diseases. Finally, we discuss new research findings that indicate that advanced hepatic diseases may be an insulin-sensitive state in the liver and deliberate whether insulin sensitizers should be used to manage late-stage liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Hsin Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Sonia M Najjar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and the Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Terry D Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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2
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Memon B, Elsayed AK, Bettahi I, Suleiman N, Younis I, Wehedy E, Abou-Samra AB, Abdelalim EM. iPSCs derived from insulin resistant offspring of type 2 diabetic patients show increased oxidative stress and lactate secretion. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:428. [PMID: 35987697 PMCID: PMC9392338 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The genetic factors associated with insulin resistance (IR) are not well understood. Clinical studies on first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients, which have the highest genetic predisposition to T2D, have given insights into the role of IR in T2D pathogenesis. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are excellent tools for disease modeling as they can retain the genetic imprint of the disease. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the genetic perturbations associated with insulin resistance (IR) in the offspring of T2D parents using patient-specific iPSCs.
Methods
We generated iPSCs from IR individuals (IR-iPSCs) that were offspring of T2D parents as well as from insulin-sensitive (IS-iPSCs) individuals. We then performed transcriptomics to identify key dysregulated gene networks in the IR-iPSCs in comparison to IS-iPSCs and functionally validated them.
Results
Transcriptomics on IR-iPSCs revealed dysregulated gene networks and biological processes indicating that they carry the genetic defects associated with IR that may lead to T2D. The IR-iPSCs had increased lactate secretion and a higher phosphorylation of AKT upon stimulation with insulin. IR-iPSCs have increased cellular oxidative stress indicated by a high production of reactive oxygen species and higher susceptibility to H2O2 -induced apoptosis.
Conclusions
IR-iPSCs generated from offspring of diabetic patients confirm that oxidative stress and increased lactate secretion, associated with IR, are inherited in this population, and may place them at a high risk of T2D. Overall, our IR-iPSC model can be employed for T2D modeling and drug screening studies that target genetic perturbations associated with IR in individuals with a high risk for T2D.
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The WWOX/HIF1A Axis Downregulation Alters Glucose Metabolism and Predispose to Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063326. [PMID: 35328751 PMCID: PMC8955937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent reports indicate that the hypoxia-induced factor (HIF1α) and the Warburg effect play an initiating role in glucotoxicity, which underlies disorders in metabolic diseases. WWOX has been identified as a HIF1α regulator. WWOX downregulation leads to an increased expression of HIF1α target genes encoding glucose transporters and glycolysis’ enzymes. It has been proven in the normoglycemic mice cells and in gestational diabetes patients. The aim of the study was to determine WWOX’s role in glucose metabolism regulation in hyperglycemia and hypoxia to confirm its importance in the development of metabolic disorders. For this purpose, the WWOX gene was silenced in human normal fibroblasts, and then cells were cultured under different sugar and oxygen levels. Thereafter, it was investigated how WWOX silencing alters the genes and proteins expression profile of glucose transporters and glycolysis pathway enzymes, and their activity. In normoxia normoglycemia, higher glycolysis genes expression, their activity, and the lactate concentration were observed in WWOX KO fibroblasts in comparison to control cells. In normoxia hyperglycemia, it was observed a decrease of insulin-dependent glucose uptake and a further increase of lactate. It likely intensifies hyperglycemia condition, which deepen the glucose toxic effect. Then, in hypoxia hyperglycemia, WWOX KO caused weaker glucose uptake and elevated lactate production. In conclusion, the WWOX/HIF1A axis downregulation alters glucose metabolism and probably predispose to metabolic disorders.
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Haider N, Lebastchi J, Jayavelu AK, Batista TM, Pan H, Dreyfuss JM, Carcamo-Orive I, Knowles JW, Mann M, Kahn CR. Signaling defects associated with insulin resistance in nondiabetic and diabetic individuals and modification by sex. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e151818. [PMID: 34506305 DOI: 10.1172/jci151818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is present in one-quarter of the general population, predisposing these people to a wide range of diseases. Our aim was to identify cell-intrinsic determinants of insulin resistance in this population using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived (iPSC-derived) myoblasts (iMyos). We found that these cells exhibited a large network of altered protein phosphorylation in vitro. Integrating these data with data from type 2 diabetic iMyos revealed critical sites of conserved altered phosphorylation in IRS-1, AKT, mTOR, and TBC1D1 in addition to changes in protein phosphorylation involved in Rho/Rac signaling, chromatin organization, and RNA processing. There were also striking differences in the phosphoproteome in cells from men versus women. These sex-specific and insulin-resistance defects were linked to functional differences in downstream actions. Thus, there are cell-autonomous signaling alterations associated with insulin resistance within the general population and important differences between men and women, many of which also occur in diabetes, that contribute to differences in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Haider
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jasmin Lebastchi
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Brown, Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar Jayavelu
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thiago M Batista
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hui Pan
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan M Dreyfuss
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ivan Carcamo-Orive
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute and Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Joshua W Knowles
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute and Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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5
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Agrawal A, Narayan G, Gogoi R, Thummer RP. Recent Advances in the Generation of β-Cells from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Potential Cure for Diabetes Mellitus. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1347:1-27. [PMID: 34426962 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood glucose levels due to insufficient insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The present-day solution to diabetes mellitus includes regular administration of insulin, which brings about many medical complications in diabetic patients. Although islet transplantation from cadaveric subjects was proposed to be a permanent cure, the increased risk of infections, the need for immunosuppressive drugs, and their unavailability had restricted its use. To overcome this, the generation of renewable and transplantable β-cells derived from autologous induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has gained enormous interest as a potential therapeutic strategy to treat diabetes mellitus permanently. To date, extensive research has been undertaken to derive transplantable insulin-producing β-cells (iβ-cells) from iPSCs in vitro by recapitulating the in vivo developmental process of the pancreas. This in vivo developmental process relies on transcription factors, signaling molecules, growth factors, and culture microenvironment. This review highlights the various factors facilitating the generation of mature β-cells from iPSCs. Moreover, this review also describes the generation of pancreatic progenitors and β-cells from diabetic patient-specific iPSCs, exploring the potential of the diabetes disease model and drug discovery. In addition, the applications of genome editing strategies have also been discussed to achieve patient-specific diabetes cell therapy. Last, we have discussed the current challenges and prospects of iPSC-derived β-cells to improve the relative efficacy of the available treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akriti Agrawal
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Gloria Narayan
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ranadeep Gogoi
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Changsari, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Rajkumar P Thummer
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India.
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Liu J, Zhao F, Wang T, Xu Y, Qiu J, Qian Y. Host Metabolic Disorders Induced by Alterations in Intestinal Flora under Dietary Pesticide Exposure. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6303-6317. [PMID: 34048223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A dietary pesticide residue causes underestimated influences on body health. In this work, experimental mice were exposed to commonly used pesticides that cause insulin resistance, inflammation, and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. Alterations in intestinal flora were detected in the exposure groups. The abundance of the flora causing high endotoxin production was intensively increased and led to body inflammation. High Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and obesity-related flora characteristics were also found. The metabolisms of intestinal flora and host circulation were investigated through metabolomics. The associations of flora with their metabolites and host circulation were also established. Association analysis can determine the influences of pesticide exposure on such a complex system. The affected metabolic pathways in the liver were also determined to clarify the mechanism underlying the effect of pesticide exposure on host physiology. Interventions with fructooligosaccharides and fecal microbiota transplantation alleviated the metabolic disorders, thus directly confirming that the intestinal flora mediates the effects of pesticide exposure on host circulation. This work elucidated the intestinal-flora-mediated effects of dietary pollutant exposure on body health and provided potential measures for regulating flora and host circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingkun Liu
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Zhao
- Analysis & Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianrun Wang
- Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyang Xu
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhong Qian
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
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7
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Batista TM, Haider N, Kahn CR. Defining the underlying defect in insulin action in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2021; 64:994-1006. [PMID: 33730188 PMCID: PMC8916220 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is one of the earliest defects in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Over the past 50 years, elucidation of the insulin signalling network has provided important mechanistic insights into the abnormalities of glucose, lipid and protein metabolism that underlie insulin resistance. In classical target tissues (liver, muscle and adipose tissue), insulin binding to its receptor initiates a broad signalling cascade mediated by changes in phosphorylation, gene expression and vesicular trafficking that result in increased nutrient utilisation and storage, and suppression of catabolic processes. Insulin receptors are also expressed in non-classical targets, such as the brain and endothelial cells, where it helps regulate appetite, energy expenditure, reproductive hormones, mood/behaviour and vascular function. Recent progress in cell biology and unbiased molecular profiling by mass spectrometry and DNA/RNA-sequencing has provided a unique opportunity to dissect the determinants of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome; best studied are extrinsic factors, such as circulating lipids, amino acids and other metabolites and exosomal microRNAs. More challenging has been defining the cell-intrinsic factors programmed by genetics and epigenetics that underlie insulin resistance. In this regard, studies using human induced pluripotent stem cells and tissues point to cell-autonomous alterations in signalling super-networks, involving changes in phosphorylation and gene expression both inside and outside the canonical insulin signalling pathway. Understanding how these multi-layered molecular networks modulate insulin action and metabolism in different tissues will open new avenues for therapy and prevention of type 2 diabetes and its associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago M Batista
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nida Haider
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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8
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Gut Flora-Mediated Metabolic Health, the Risk Produced by Dietary Exposure to Acetamiprid and Tebuconazole. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040835. [PMID: 33921314 PMCID: PMC8070257 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The low-level and long-term exposure of pesticides was found to induce metabolic syndrome to mice. Metabolic pathways and mechanisms were investigated by detecting gut flora with metabolites, host circulation, and their interrelations. Results showed that the abundances of flora species and their metabolism were altered, consequently leading to metabolic disorders. A correlation analysis between gut flora and their metabolic profiling further explained these changes and associations. The metabolic profiling of host circulation was also performed to characterize metabolic disorders. The associations of host circulation with gut flora were established via their significantly different metabolites. Alterations to the liver metabolism clarified potential pathways and mechanisms for the disorders. Metabolic disorders were evidently released by dietary and micro-ecological intervention, directly proving that gut flora comprise a vital medium in metabolic health risk caused by pesticide exposure. This work supplied theoretical bases and intervention approaches to body metabolic problems caused by pesticide exposure mediated by gut flora.
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9
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Elsayed AK, Vimalraj S, Nandakumar M, Abdelalim EM. Insulin resistance in diabetes: The promise of using induced pluripotent stem cell technology. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:221-235. [PMID: 33815671 PMCID: PMC8006014 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i3.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is associated with several metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes (T2D). The development of IR in insulin target tissues involves genetic and acquired factors. Persons at genetic risk for T2D tend to develop IR several years before glucose intolerance. Several rodent models for both IR and T2D are being used to study the disease pathogenesis; however, these models cannot recapitulate all the aspects of this complex disorder as seen in each individual. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can overcome the hurdles faced with the classical mouse models for studying IR. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be generated from the somatic cells of the patients without the need to destroy a human embryo. Therefore, patient-specific hiPSCs can generate cells genetically identical to IR individuals, which can help in distinguishing between genetic and acquired defects in insulin sensitivity. Combining the technologies of genome editing and hiPSCs may provide important information about the genetic factors underlying the development of different forms of IR. Further studies are required to fill the gaps in understanding the pathogenesis of IR and diabetes. In this review, we summarize the factors involved in the development of IR in the insulin-target tissues leading to diabetes. Also, we highlight the use of hPSCs to understand the mechanisms underlying the development of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K Elsayed
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
| | | | - Manjula Nandakumar
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Essam M Abdelalim
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
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10
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Abdelalim EM. Modeling different types of diabetes using human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2459-2483. [PMID: 33242105 PMCID: PMC11072720 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03710-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia as a result of progressive loss of pancreatic β cells, which could lead to several debilitating complications. Different paths, triggered by several genetic and environmental factors, lead to the loss of pancreatic β cells and/or function. Understanding these many paths to β cell damage or dysfunction could help in identifying therapeutic approaches specific for each path. Most of our knowledge about diabetes pathophysiology has been obtained from studies on animal models, which do not fully recapitulate human diabetes phenotypes. Currently, human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technology is a powerful tool for generating in vitro human models, which could provide key information about the disease pathogenesis and provide cells for personalized therapies. The recent progress in generating functional hPSC-derived β cells in combination with the rapid development in genomic and genome-editing technologies offer multiple options to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the development of different types of diabetes. Recently, several in vitro hPSC-based strategies have been used for studying monogenic and polygenic forms of diabetes. This review summarizes the current knowledge about different hPSC-based diabetes models and how these models improved our current understanding of the pathophysiology of distinct forms of diabetes. Also, it highlights the progress in generating functional β cells in vitro, and discusses the current challenges and future perspectives related to the use of the in vitro hPSC-based strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam M Abdelalim
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar.
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Education City, Doha, Qatar.
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11
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Carcamo-Orive I, Henrion MYR, Zhu K, Beckmann ND, Cundiff P, Moein S, Zhang Z, Alamprese M, D’Souza SL, Wabitsch M, Schadt EE, Quertermous T, Knowles JW, Chang R. Predictive network modeling in human induced pluripotent stem cells identifies key driver genes for insulin responsiveness. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008491. [PMID: 33362275 PMCID: PMC7790417 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) precedes the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and increases cardiovascular disease risk. Although genome wide association studies (GWAS) have uncovered new loci associated with T2D, their contribution to explain the mechanisms leading to decreased insulin sensitivity has been very limited. Thus, new approaches are necessary to explore the genetic architecture of insulin resistance. To that end, we generated an iPSC library across the spectrum of insulin sensitivity in humans. RNA-seq based analysis of 310 induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) clones derived from 100 individuals allowed us to identify differentially expressed genes between insulin resistant and sensitive iPSC lines. Analysis of the co-expression architecture uncovered several insulin sensitivity-relevant gene sub-networks, and predictive network modeling identified a set of key driver genes that regulate these co-expression modules. Functional validation in human adipocytes and skeletal muscle cells (SKMCs) confirmed the relevance of the key driver candidate genes for insulin responsiveness. Insulin resistance is characterized by a defective response (“resistance”) to normal insulin concentrations to uptake the glucose present in the blood, and is the underlying condition that leads to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. It is estimated that 25–33% of the US population are insulin resistant enough to be at risk of serious clinical consequences. For more than a decade, large population studies have tried to discover the genes that participate in the development of insulin resistance, but without much success. It is now increasingly clear that the complex genetic nature of insulin resistance requires novel approaches centered in patient specific cellular models. To fill this gap, we have generated an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) library from individuals with accurate measurements of insulin sensitivity, and performed gene expression and key driver analyses. Our work demonstrates that iPSCs can be used as a revolutionary technology to model insulin resistance and to discover key genetic drivers. Moreover, they can develop our basic knowledge of the disease, and are ultimately expected to increase the therapeutic targets to treat insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Carcamo-Orive
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, and Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ICO); (JWK); (RC)
| | - Marc Y. R. Henrion
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Malawi—Liverpool—Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Kuixi Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- The Center for Innovations in Brain Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Noam D. Beckmann
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Paige Cundiff
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sara Moein
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- The Center for Innovations in Brain Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Zenan Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Melissa Alamprese
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- The Center for Innovations in Brain Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Sunita L. D’Souza
- Department of Cellular, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Eric E. Schadt
- Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, and Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Joshua W. Knowles
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, and Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ICO); (JWK); (RC)
| | - Rui Chang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- The Center for Innovations in Brain Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- INTelico Therapeutics LLC, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ICO); (JWK); (RC)
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12
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Batista TM, Jayavelu AK, Wewer Albrechtsen NJ, Iovino S, Lebastchi J, Pan H, Dreyfuss JM, Krook A, Zierath JR, Mann M, Kahn CR. A Cell-Autonomous Signature of Dysregulated Protein Phosphorylation Underlies Muscle Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes. Cell Metab 2020; 32:844-859.e5. [PMID: 32888406 PMCID: PMC7875546 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle insulin resistance is the earliest defect in type 2 diabetes (T2D), preceding and predicting disease development. To what extent this reflects a primary defect or is secondary to tissue cross talk due to changes in hormones or circulating metabolites is unknown. To address this question, we have developed an in vitro disease-in-a-dish model using iPS cells from T2D patients differentiated into myoblasts (iMyos). We find that T2D iMyos in culture exhibit multiple defects mirroring human disease, including an altered insulin signaling, decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, and reduced mitochondrial oxidation. More strikingly, global phosphoproteomic analysis reveals a multidimensional network of signaling defects in T2D iMyos going beyond the canonical insulin-signaling cascade, including proteins involved in regulation of Rho GTPases, mRNA splicing and/or processing, vesicular trafficking, gene transcription, and chromatin remodeling. These cell-autonomous defects and the dysregulated network of protein phosphorylation reveal a new dimension in the cellular mechanisms underlying the fundamental defects in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago M Batista
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar Jayavelu
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Nicolai J Wewer Albrechtsen
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Salvatore Iovino
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jasmin Lebastchi
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hui Pan
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jonathan M Dreyfuss
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Anna Krook
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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13
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Shahbazi M, Cundiff P, Zhou W, Lee P, Patel A, D'Souza SL, Abbasi F, Quertermous T, Knowles JW. The role of insulin as a key regulator of seeding, proliferation, and mRNA transcription of human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:228. [PMID: 31358052 PMCID: PMC6664730 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1319-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) show a great promise as a renewable source of cells with broad biomedical applications. Since insulin has been used in the maintenance of hiPSCs, in this study we explored the role of insulin in culture of these cells. Methods We report conditions for insulin starvation and stimulation of hiPSCs. Crystal violet staining was used to study the adhesion and proliferation of hiPSCs. Apoptosis and cell cycle assays were performed through flow cytometry. Protein arrays were used to confirm phosphorylation targets, and mRNA sequencing was used to evaluate the effect of transcriptome. Results Insulin improved the seeding and proliferation of hiPSCs. We also observed an altered cell cycle profile and increase in apoptosis in hiPSCs in the absence of insulin. Furthermore, we confirmed phosphorylation of key components of insulin signaling pathway in the presence of insulin and demonstrated the significant effect of insulin on regulation of the mRNA transcriptome of hiPSCs. Conclusion Insulin is a major regulator of seeding, proliferation, phosphorylation and mRNA transcriptome in hiPSCs. Collectively, our work furthers our understanding of human pluripotency and paves the way for future studies that use hiPSCs for modeling genetic ailments affecting insulin signaling pathways. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1319-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shahbazi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Falk CVRC, Room CV273, MC 5406 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Paige Cundiff
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Wenyu Zhou
- Stanford Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Genetics Bioinformatics Service Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Philip Lee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Falk CVRC, Room CV273, MC 5406 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Achchhe Patel
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sunita L D'Souza
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Fahim Abbasi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Falk CVRC, Room CV273, MC 5406 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Stanford Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Falk CVRC, Room CV273, MC 5406 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Joshua W Knowles
- Stanford Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Falk CVRC, Room CV273, MC 5406 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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14
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disease affecting increasing numbers of patients worldwide. Progression to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is characterized by the loss or dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells, but the pathomechanisms underlying β-cell failure in type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus are still poorly defined. Regeneration of β-cell mass from residual islet cells or replacement by β-like cells derived from stem cells holds great promise to stop or reverse disease progression. However, the development of new treatment options is hampered by our limited understanding of human pancreas organogenesis due to the restricted access to primary tissues. Therefore, the challenge is to translate results obtained from preclinical model systems to humans, which requires comparative modelling of β-cell biology in health and disease. Here, we discuss diverse modelling systems across different species that provide spatial and temporal resolution of cellular and molecular mechanisms to understand the evolutionary conserved genotype-phenotype relationship and translate them to humans. In addition, we summarize the latest knowledge on organoids, stem cell differentiation platforms, primary micro-islets and pseudo-islets, bioengineering and microfluidic systems for studying human pancreas development and homeostasis ex vivo. These new modelling systems and platforms have opened novel avenues for exploring the developmental trajectory, physiology, biology and pathology of the human pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Anika Böttcher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
- Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, Munich, Germany.
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15
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Rogal J, Zbinden A, Schenke-Layland K, Loskill P. Stem-cell based organ-on-a-chip models for diabetes research. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 140:101-128. [PMID: 30359630 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) ranks among the severest global health concerns of the 21st century. It encompasses a group of chronic disorders characterized by a dysregulated glucose metabolism, which arises as a consequence of progressive autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta-cells (type 1 DM), or as a result of beta-cell dysfunction combined with systemic insulin resistance (type 2 DM). Human cohort studies have provided evidence of genetic and environmental contributions to DM; yet, these studies are mostly restricted to investigating statistical correlations between DM and certain risk factors. Mechanistic studies, on the other hand, aimed at re-creating the clinical picture of human DM in animal models. A translation to human biology is, however, often inadequate owing to significant differences between animal and human physiology, including the species-specific glucose regulation. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of advanced human in vitro models with the potential to identify novel treatment options for DM. This review provides an overview of the technological advances in research on DM-relevant stem cells and their integration into microphysiological environments as provided by the organ-on-a-chip technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rogal
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, Silcherstrasse 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Nobelstrasse 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Aline Zbinden
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, Silcherstrasse 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, Silcherstrasse 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; The Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI) at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 675 Charles E. Young Drive South, MRL 3645, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Peter Loskill
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, Silcherstrasse 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Nobelstrasse 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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16
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Kashpur O, Smith A, Gerami-Naini B, Maione AG, Calabrese R, Tellechea A, Theocharidis G, Liang L, Pastar I, Tomic-Canic M, Mooney D, Veves A, Garlick JA. Differentiation of diabetic foot ulcer-derived induced pluripotent stem cells reveals distinct cellular and tissue phenotypes. FASEB J 2019; 33:1262-1277. [PMID: 30088952 PMCID: PMC6355091 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a major complication of diabetes, and there is a critical need to develop novel cell- and tissue-based therapies to treat these chronic wounds. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer a replenishing source of allogeneic and autologous cell types that may be beneficial to improve DFU wound-healing outcomes. However, the biologic potential of iPSC-derived cells to treat DFUs has not, to our knowledge, been investigated. Toward that goal, we have performed detailed characterization of iPSC-derived fibroblasts from both diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Significantly, gene array and functional analyses reveal that iPSC-derived fibroblasts from both patients with and those without diabetes are more similar to each other than were the primary cells from which they were derived. iPSC-derived fibroblasts showed improved migratory properties in 2-dimensional culture. iPSC-derived fibroblasts from DFUs displayed a unique biochemical composition and morphology when grown as 3-dimensional (3D), self-assembled extracellular matrix tissues, which were distinct from tissues fabricated using the parental DFU fibroblasts from which they were reprogrammed. In vivo transplantation of 3D tissues with iPSC-derived fibroblasts showed they persisted in the wound and facilitated diabetic wound closure compared with primary DFU fibroblasts. Taken together, our findings support the potential application of these iPSC-derived fibroblasts and 3D tissues to improve wound healing.-Kashpur, O., Smith, A., Gerami-Naini, B., Maione, A. G., Calabrese, R., Tellechea, A., Theocharidis, G., Liang, L., Pastar, I., Tomic-Canic, M., Mooney, D., Veves, A., Garlick, J. A. Differentiation of diabetic foot ulcer-derived induced pluripotent stem cells reveals distinct cellular and tissue phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kashpur
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Avi Smith
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Behzad Gerami-Naini
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna G. Maione
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rossella Calabrese
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ana Tellechea
- Microcirculation Laboratory, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Georgios Theocharidis
- Microcirculation Laboratory, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Liang Liang
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; and
| | - Irena Pastar
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; and
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; and
| | - David Mooney
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aristidis Veves
- Microcirculation Laboratory, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Garlick
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Gupta MK, De Jesus DF, Kahraman S, Valdez IA, Shamsi F, Yi L, Swensen AC, Tseng YH, Qian WJ, Kulkarni RN. Insulin receptor-mediated signaling regulates pluripotency markers and lineage differentiation. Mol Metab 2018; 18:153-163. [PMID: 30316806 PMCID: PMC6308035 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Insulin receptor (IR)-mediated signaling is involved in the regulation of pluripotent stem cells; however, its direct effects on regulating the maintenance of pluripotency and lineage development are not fully understood. The main objective of this study is to understand the role of IR signaling in pluripotency and lineage development. Methods To explore the role of IR signaling, we generated IR knock-out (IRKO) mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (miPSCs) from E14.5 mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) of global IRKO mice using a cocktail of four reprogramming factors: Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, cMyc. We performed pluripotency characterization and directed the differentiation of control and IRKO iPSCs into neural progenitors (ectoderm), adipocyte progenitors (mesoderm), and pancreatic beta-like cells (endoderm). We mechanistically confirmed these findings via phosphoproteomics analyses of control and IRKO iPSCs. Results Interestingly, expression of pluripotency markers including Klf4, Lin28a, Tbx3, and cMyc were upregulated, while abundance of Oct4 and Nanog were enhanced by 4-fold and 3-fold, respectively, in IRKO iPSCs. Analyses of signaling pathways demonstrated downregulation of phospho-STAT3, p-mTor and p-Erk and an increase in the total mTor and Erk proteins in IRKO iPSCs in the basal unstimulated state. Stimulation with leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) showed a ∼33% decrease of phospho-ERK in IRKO iPSCs. On the contrary, Erk phosphorylation was increased during in vitro spontaneous differentiation of iPSCs lacking IRs. Lineage-specific directed differentiation of the iPSCs revealed that cells lacking IR showed enhanced expression of neuronal lineage markers (Pax6, Tubb3, Ascl1 and Oligo2) while exhibiting a decrease in adipocyte (Fas, Acc, Pparγ, Fabp4, C/ebpα, and Fsp27) and pancreatic beta cell markers (Ngn3, Isl1, and Sox9). Further molecular characterization by phosphoproteomics confirmed the novel IR-mediated regulation of the global pluripotency network including several key proteins involved in diverse aspects of growth and embryonic development. Conclusion We report, for the first time to our knowledge, the phosphoproteome of insulin, IGF1, and LIF stimulation in mouse iPSCs to reveal the importance of insulin receptor signaling for the maintenance of pluripotency and lineage determination. Insulin receptor signaling regulates expression of key pluripotency genes including Oct4 and Nanog. IRKO iPSCs show upregulation of neuronal markers during differentiation. Adipocyte and pancreatic beta cell differentiation are perturbed in IRKO iPSCs. Phosphoproteomics analyses confirmed the role of IR in regulation of pluripotency and developmental proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Gupta
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Dario F De Jesus
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology (GABBA), Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, 5000 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sevim Kahraman
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ivan A Valdez
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Farnaz Shamsi
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lian Yi
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Adam C Swensen
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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18
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O'Day E, Hosta-Rigau L, Oyarzún DA, Okano H, de Lorenzo V, von Kameke C, Alsafar H, Cao C, Chen GQ, Ji W, Roberts RJ, Ronaghi M, Yeung K, Zhang F, Lee SY. Are We There Yet? How and When Specific Biotechnologies Will Improve Human Health. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1800195. [PMID: 29799175 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Patient X: A 67-year-old Caucasian man slips on a patch of ice. He has abrasions to his hands and has sustained significant damage to his hip. At the emergency room, he informs clinicians he takes atorvastatin, metformin, and glimepiride to treat hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). X-rays reveal a fractured hip, which will require total hip replacement surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth O'Day
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,Olaris Therapeutics, Inc., 45 Moulton St., Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Leticia Hosta-Rigau
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Diego A Oyarzún
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,EPSRC Centre for Mathematics of Precision Healthcare, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Víctor de Lorenzo
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,National Center of Biotechnology CSIC, Systems Biology Program, Campus de Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Conrad von Kameke
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,BioInnovators Europe, Berlin, Germany
| | - Habiba Alsafar
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,Khalifa University Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Cong Cao
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,University of Nottingham, 199 East Taikang Road, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, MOE Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Tsinghua-Peking University Center of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Weizhi Ji
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Rd. Chenh Gong, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Richard J Roberts
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,New England Biolabs, 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA, 01938, USA
| | - Mostafa Ronaghi
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,Illumina Inc., 5200 Illumina Way, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Karen Yeung
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,Law School and School of Computer Science University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, B15 2TT
| | - Feng Zhang
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus program), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-Ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bygning 220, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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19
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Kondo Y, Toyoda T, Inagaki N, Osafune K. iPSC technology-based regenerative therapy for diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2018; 9:234-243. [PMID: 28609558 PMCID: PMC5835458 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), into pancreatic endocrine lineages has been vigorously examined by reproducing the in vivo developmental processes of the pancreas. Recent advances in this research field have enabled the generation from hESCs/iPSCs of functionally mature β-like cells in vitro that show glucose-responsive insulin secretion ability. The therapeutic potentials of hESC/iPSC-derived pancreatic cells have been evaluated using diabetic animal models, and transplantation methods including immunoprotective devices that prevent immune responses from hosts to the implanted pancreatic cells have been investigated towards the development of regenerative therapies against diabetes. These efforts led to the start of a clinical trial that involves the implantation of hESC-derived pancreatic progenitors into type 1 diabetes patients. In addition, patient-derived iPSCs have been generated from diabetes-related disorders towards the creation of novel in vitro disease models and drug discovery, although few reports so far have analyzed the disease mechanisms. Considering recent advances in differentiation methods that generate pancreatic endocrine lineages, we will see the development of novel cell therapies and therapeutic drugs against diabetes based on iPSC technology-based research in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Kondo
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and NutritionKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Taro Toyoda
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and NutritionKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Kenji Osafune
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
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20
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Belfiore A, Malaguarnera R, Vella V, Lawrence MC, Sciacca L, Frasca F, Morrione A, Vigneri R. Insulin Receptor Isoforms in Physiology and Disease: An Updated View. Endocr Rev 2017; 38:379-431. [PMID: 28973479 PMCID: PMC5629070 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The insulin receptor (IR) gene undergoes differential splicing that generates two IR isoforms, IR-A and IR-B. The physiological roles of IR isoforms are incompletely understood and appear to be determined by their different binding affinities for insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), particularly for IGF-2. Predominant roles of IR-A in prenatal growth and development and of IR-B in metabolic regulation are well established. However, emerging evidence indicates that the differential expression of IR isoforms may also help explain the diversification of insulin and IGF signaling and actions in various organs and tissues by involving not only different ligand-binding affinities but also different membrane partitioning and trafficking and possibly different abilities to interact with a variety of molecular partners. Of note, dysregulation of the IR-A/IR-B ratio is associated with insulin resistance, aging, and increased proliferative activity of normal and neoplastic tissues and appears to sustain detrimental effects. This review discusses novel information that has generated remarkable progress in our understanding of the physiology of IR isoforms and their role in disease. We also focus on novel IR ligands and modulators that should now be considered as an important strategy for better and safer treatment of diabetes and cancer and possibly other IR-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Malaguarnera
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Veronica Vella
- School of Human and Social Sciences, University Kore of Enna, via della Cooperazione, 94100 Enna, Italy
| | - Michael C. Lawrence
- Structural Biology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Laura Sciacca
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Frasca
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Morrione
- Department of Urology and Biology of Prostate Cancer Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Riccardo Vigneri
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, Italy
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Lin N, Zhu Y, Fan R, Xiong M. A quadratically regularized functional canonical correlation analysis for identifying the global structure of pleiotropy with NGS data. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005788. [PMID: 29040274 PMCID: PMC5659802 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigating the pleiotropic effects of genetic variants can increase statistical power, provide important information to achieve deep understanding of the complex genetic structures of disease, and offer powerful tools for designing effective treatments with fewer side effects. However, the current multiple phenotype association analysis paradigm lacks breadth (number of phenotypes and genetic variants jointly analyzed at the same time) and depth (hierarchical structure of phenotype and genotypes). A key issue for high dimensional pleiotropic analysis is to effectively extract informative internal representation and features from high dimensional genotype and phenotype data. To explore correlation information of genetic variants, effectively reduce data dimensions, and overcome critical barriers in advancing the development of novel statistical methods and computational algorithms for genetic pleiotropic analysis, we proposed a new statistic method referred to as a quadratically regularized functional CCA (QRFCCA) for association analysis which combines three approaches: (1) quadratically regularized matrix factorization, (2) functional data analysis and (3) canonical correlation analysis (CCA). Large-scale simulations show that the QRFCCA has a much higher power than that of the ten competing statistics while retaining the appropriate type 1 errors. To further evaluate performance, the QRFCCA and ten other statistics are applied to the whole genome sequencing dataset from the TwinsUK study. We identify a total of 79 genes with rare variants and 67 genes with common variants significantly associated with the 46 traits using QRFCCA. The results show that the QRFCCA substantially outperforms the ten other statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Lin
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Ruzong Fan
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch (BBB), Division of Intramural Population Health Research (DIPHR), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Momiao Xiong
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
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Carcamo-Orive I, Huang NF, Quertermous T, Knowles JW. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Cells in Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:2038-2042. [PMID: 28729365 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance leads to a number of metabolic and cellular abnormalities including endothelial dysfunction that increase the risk of vascular disease. Although it has been particularly challenging to study the genetic determinants that predispose to abnormal function of the endothelium in insulin-resistant states, the possibility of deriving endothelial cells from induced pluripotent stem cells generated from individuals with detailed clinical phenotyping, including accurate measurements of insulin resistance accompanied by multilevel omic data (eg, genetic and genomic characterization), has opened new avenues to study this relationship. Unfortunately, several technical barriers have hampered these efforts. In the present review, we summarize the current status of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells for modeling endothelial dysfunction associated with insulin resistance and discuss the challenges to overcoming these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Carcamo-Orive
- From the Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute (I.C.-O., T.Q., J.W.K.) and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Cardiovascular Institute (N.F.H.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; and Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (N.F.H.).
| | - Ngan F Huang
- From the Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute (I.C.-O., T.Q., J.W.K.) and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Cardiovascular Institute (N.F.H.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; and Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (N.F.H.)
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- From the Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute (I.C.-O., T.Q., J.W.K.) and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Cardiovascular Institute (N.F.H.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; and Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (N.F.H.)
| | - Joshua W Knowles
- From the Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute (I.C.-O., T.Q., J.W.K.) and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Cardiovascular Institute (N.F.H.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; and Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, CA (N.F.H.)
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Abstract
The induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) was first described more than 10 years ago and is currently used in various basic science and clinical research fields. The aim of this report is to examine the trends in research using iPSCs over the last 10 years. The 2006-2016 PubMed database was searched using the MeSH term "induced pluripotent stem cells." Only original research articles were selected, with a total of 3323 articles. These were classified according to research theme into reprogramming, differentiation protocols for specific cells and/or tissues, pathophysiological research on diseases, and discovery of new drugs, and then the trends over the years were analyzed. We also focused on 232 research publications on the pathophysiological causes of diseases and drug discovery with impact factor (IF; Thomson Reuters) of six or more. The IF of each article was summed up by year, by main target disease, and by country, and the total IF score was expressed as trends of research. The trends of research activities of reprogramming and differentiation on specific cells and/or tissues reached maxima in 2013/2014. On the other hand, research on pathophysiology and drug discovery increased continuously. The 232 articles with IF ≥6 dealt with neurological, immunological/hematological, cardiovascular, and digestive tract diseases, in that order. The majority of articles were published from the United States, followed by Japan, Germany, and United Kingdom. In conclusion, iPSCs have become a general tool for pathophysiological research on disease and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaharu Negoro
- Platform of Therapeutics for Rare Disease, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hanayuki Okura
- Platform of Therapeutics for Rare Disease, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akifumi Matsuyama
- Platform of Therapeutics for Rare Disease, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
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Gonzalez-Franquesa A, Patti ME. Insulin Resistance and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 982:465-520. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55330-6_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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25
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Kahraman S, Okawa ER, Kulkarni RN. Is Transforming Stem Cells to Pancreatic Beta Cells Still the Holy Grail for Type 2 Diabetes? Curr Diab Rep 2016; 16:70. [PMID: 27313072 PMCID: PMC5877461 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-016-0764-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a progressive disease affecting millions of people worldwide. There are several medications and treatment options to improve the life quality of people with diabetes. One of the strategies for the treatment of diabetes could be the use of human pluripotent stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells. The recent advances in differentiation of stem cells into insulin-secreting beta-like cells in vitro make the transplantation of the stem cell-derived beta-like cells an attractive approach for treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. While stem cell-derived beta-like cells provide an unlimited cell source for beta cell replacement therapies, these cells can also be used as a platform for drug screening or modeling diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevim Kahraman
- Section of Islet Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Erin R Okawa
- Section of Islet Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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26
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Gerami-Naini B, Smith A, Maione AG, Kashpur O, Carpinito G, Veves A, Mooney DJ, Garlick JA. Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Diabetic Foot Ulcer Fibroblasts Using a Nonintegrative Sendai Virus. Cell Reprogram 2016; 18:214-23. [PMID: 27328415 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2015.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are nonhealing chronic wounds that are a serious complication of diabetes. Since induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) may offer a potent source of autologous cells to heal these wounds, we studied if repair-deficient fibroblasts, derived from DFU patients and age- and site-matched control fibroblasts, could be reprogrammed to iPSCs. To establish this, we used Sendai virus to successfully reprogram six primary fibroblast cell lines derived from ulcerated skin of two DFU patients (DFU8, DFU25), nonulcerated foot skin from two diabetic patients (DFF24, DFF9), and healthy foot skin from two nondiabetic patients (NFF12, NFF14). We confirmed reprogramming to a pluripotent state through three independent criteria: immunofluorescent staining for SSEA-4 and TRA-1-81, formation of embryoid bodies with differentiation potential to all three embryonic germ layers in vitro, and formation of teratomas in vivo. All iPSC lines showed normal karyotypes and typical, nonmethylated CpG sites for OCT4 and NANOG. iPSCs derived from DFUs were similar to those derived from site-matched nonulcerated skin from both diabetic and nondiabetic patients. These results have established for the first time that multiple, DFU-derived fibroblast cell lines can be reprogrammed with efficiencies similar to control fibroblasts, thus demonstrating their utility for future regenerative therapy of DFUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Gerami-Naini
- 1 Department of Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Avi Smith
- 1 Department of Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anna G Maione
- 2 Department of Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Olga Kashpur
- 1 Department of Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gianpaolo Carpinito
- 1 Department of Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aristides Veves
- 3 Microcirculation Laboratory and Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David J Mooney
- 4 Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan A Garlick
- 1 Department of Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University , Boston, Massachusetts
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Burkart AM, Tan K, Warren L, Iovino S, Hughes KJ, Kahn CR, Patti ME. Insulin Resistance in Human iPS Cells Reduces Mitochondrial Size and Function. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22788. [PMID: 26948272 PMCID: PMC4780029 DOI: 10.1038/srep22788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance, a critical component of type 2 diabetes (T2D), precedes and predicts T2D onset. T2D is also associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. To define the cause-effect relationship between insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction, we compared mitochondrial metabolism in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from 5 healthy individuals and 4 patients with genetic insulin resistance due to insulin receptor mutations. Insulin-resistant iPSC had increased mitochondrial number and decreased mitochondrial size. Mitochondrial oxidative function was impaired, with decreased citrate synthase activity and spare respiratory capacity. Simultaneously, expression of multiple glycolytic enzymes was decreased, while lactate production increased 80%. These perturbations were accompanied by an increase in ADP/ATP ratio and 3-fold increase in AMPK activity, indicating energetic stress. Insulin-resistant iPSC also showed reduced catalase activity and increased susceptibility to oxidative stress. Thus, insulin resistance can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction with reduced mitochondrial size, oxidative activity, and energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Burkart
- Integrative Physiology and Metabolism Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Kelly Tan
- Integrative Physiology and Metabolism Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Laura Warren
- Integrative Physiology and Metabolism Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Salvatore Iovino
- Integrative Physiology and Metabolism Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Katelyn J Hughes
- Integrative Physiology and Metabolism Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Integrative Physiology and Metabolism Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Mary-Elizabeth Patti
- Integrative Physiology and Metabolism Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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Myotubes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells mirror in vivo insulin resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:1889-94. [PMID: 26831110 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1525665113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) represent a unique tool for the study of the pathophysiology of human disease, because these cells can be differentiated into multiple cell types in vitro and used to generate patient- and tissue-specific disease models. Given the critical role for skeletal muscle insulin resistance in whole-body glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes, we have created a novel cellular model of human muscle insulin resistance by differentiating iPS cells from individuals with mutations in the insulin receptor (IR-Mut) into functional myotubes and characterizing their response to insulin in comparison with controls. Morphologically, IR-Mut cells differentiated normally, but had delayed expression of some muscle differentiation-related genes. Most importantly, whereas control iPS-derived myotubes exhibited in vitro responses similar to primary differentiated human myoblasts, IR-Mut myotubes demonstrated severe impairment in insulin signaling and insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake and glycogen synthesis. Transcriptional regulation was also perturbed in IR-Mut myotubes with reduced insulin-stimulated expression of metabolic and early growth response genes. Thus, iPS-derived myotubes from individuals with genetically determined insulin resistance demonstrate many of the defects observed in vivo in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle and provide a new model to analyze the molecular impact of muscle insulin resistance.
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29
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Abdelalim EM, Emara MM. Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Pancreatic β Cells: From In Vitro Maturation to Clinical Application. RECENT ADVANCES IN STEM CELLS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-33270-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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30
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Yue CY, Yang CZ, Liu CY, Yang Y. Meta-analysis of relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and level of insulin resistance. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:5238-5249. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i32.5238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and level of insulin resistance (IR).
METHODS: The articles on the association of H. pylori with IR level were retrieved by searching databases from the inception of each database to July 2015. Data extraction and quality assessment were completed by two authors. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.
RESULTS: Seven papers with nine studies were included for meta-analysis. A total of 3097 patients, including 1718 H. pylori (+) subjects, were involved. The results of Meta-analysis showed that there was a significant difference in insulin resistance levels between patients with H. pylori infection and those without in the overall population (WMD = 0.38, 95%CI: 0.13-0.64, P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis indicated that the significant difference in insulin resistance levels between patients with H. pylori infection and those without existed in patients aged < 45 years (WMD = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.40-0.86, P < 0.05), those who underwent endoscopic biopsy (WMD = 0.70, 95%CI: 0.46-0.94, P < 0.05), those who had a body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2 (WMD = 0.72, 95%CI:0.49-0.96, P < 0.05), and Asian patients (WMD = 0.66, 95%CI: 0.44-0.87, P < 0.05), but not in patients aged ≥ 45 years, those who underwent serum H. pylori-IgG antibody testing, those who had a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, or American patients. The results of publication bias and sensitivity analysis confirmed the reliability and stability of this Meta-analysis.
CONCLUSION: H. pylori infection is associated with elevated insulin resistance.
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Teo AKK, Gupta MK, Doria A, Kulkarni RN. Dissecting diabetes/metabolic disease mechanisms using pluripotent stem cells and genome editing tools. Mol Metab 2015; 4:593-604. [PMID: 26413465 PMCID: PMC4563028 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes and metabolic syndromes are chronic, devastating diseases with increasing prevalence. Human pluripotent stem cells are gaining popularity in their usage for human in vitro disease modeling. With recent rapid advances in genome editing tools, these cells can now be genetically manipulated with relative ease to study how genes and gene variants contribute to diabetes and metabolic syndromes. SCOPE OF REVIEW We highlight the diabetes and metabolic genes and gene variants, which could potentially be studied, using two powerful technologies - human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and genome editing tools - to aid the elucidation of yet elusive mechanisms underlying these complex diseases. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS hPSCs and the advancing genome editing tools appear to be a timely and potent combination for probing molecular mechanism(s) underlying diseases such as diabetes and metabolic syndromes. The knowledge gained from these hiPSC-based disease modeling studies can potentially be translated into the clinics by guiding clinicians on the appropriate type of medication to use for each condition based on the mechanism of action of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA ; Discovery Research Division, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore ; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore ; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Manoj K Gupta
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alessandro Doria
- Section of Epidemiology and Genetics, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Latif N, Quillon A, Sarathchandra P, McCormack A, Lozanoski A, Yacoub MH, Chester AH. Modulation of human valve interstitial cell phenotype and function using a fibroblast growth factor 2 formulation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127844. [PMID: 26042674 PMCID: PMC4456368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Valve interstitial cells (VICs) are fibroblastic in nature however in culture it is widely accepted that they differentiate into a myofibroblastic phenotype. This study assessed a fibroblast culture media formulation for its ability to maintain the phenotype and function of VICs as in the intact healthy valve. Normal human VICs were cultured separately in standard DMEM and in fibroblast media consisting of FGF2 (10ng/ml), insulin (50ng/ml) and 2% FCS for at least a week. Cell morphology, aspect ratio, size, levels and distribution of protein expression, proliferation, cell cycle, contraction and migration were assessed. Some VICs and some valve endothelial cells expressed FGF2 in valve tissue and this expression was increased in calcified valves. VICs in DMEM exhibited large, spread cells whereas VICs in fibroblast media were smaller, elongated and spindly. Aspect ratio and size were both significantly higher in DMEM (p<0.01). The level of expression of α-SMA was significantly reduced in fibroblast media at day 2 after isolation (p<0.01) and the expression of α-SMA, SM22 and EDA-fibronectin was significantly reduced in fibroblast media at days 7 and 12 post-isolation (p<0.01). Expression of cytoskeletal proteins, bone marker proteins and extracellular matrix proteins was reduced in fibroblast media. Proliferation of VICs in fibroblast media was significantly reduced at weeks 1 (p<0.05) and 2 (p<0.01). Collagen gel contraction was significantly reduced in fibroblast media (p<0.05). VICs were found to have significantly fewer and smaller focal adhesions in fibroblast media (p<0.01) with significantly fewer supermature focal adhesions in fibroblast media (p<0.001). Ultrastructurally, VICs in fibroblast media resembled native VICs from intact valves. VICs in fibroblast media demonstrated a slower migratory ability after wounding at 72 hours (p<0.01). Treatment of human VICs with this fibroblast media formulation has the ability to maintain and to dedifferentiate the VICs back to a fibroblastic phenotype with phenotypic and functional characteristics ascribed to cells in the intact valve. This methodology is fundamental in the study of normal valve biology, pathology and in the field of tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najma Latif
- Imperial College, Heart Science Centre, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middx, UB9 6JH, United Kingdom
- QCRC, Qatar Cardiovascular Research Centre, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- * E-mail:
| | - Alfred Quillon
- Département de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, UCB Lyon1, 46 Allée d’Italie, Lyon, France
| | - Padmini Sarathchandra
- Imperial College, Heart Science Centre, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middx, UB9 6JH, United Kingdom
| | - Ann McCormack
- Imperial College, Heart Science Centre, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middx, UB9 6JH, United Kingdom
| | - Alec Lozanoski
- Imperial College, Heart Science Centre, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middx, UB9 6JH, United Kingdom
| | - Magdi H. Yacoub
- Imperial College, Heart Science Centre, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middx, UB9 6JH, United Kingdom
- QCRC, Qatar Cardiovascular Research Centre, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Adrian H. Chester
- Imperial College, Heart Science Centre, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middx, UB9 6JH, United Kingdom
- QCRC, Qatar Cardiovascular Research Centre, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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Balhara B, Burkart A, Topcu V, Lee YK, Cowan C, Kahn CR, Patti ME. Severe insulin resistance alters metabolism in mesenchymal progenitor cells. Endocrinology 2015; 156:2039-48. [PMID: 25811318 PMCID: PMC4430624 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Donohue syndrome (DS) is characterized by severe insulin resistance due to mutations in the insulin receptor (INSR) gene. To identify molecular defects contributing to metabolic dysregulation in DS in the undifferentiated state, we generated mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) from induced pluripotent stem cells derived from a 4-week-old female with DS and a healthy newborn male (control). INSR mRNA and protein were significantly reduced in DS MPC (for β-subunit, 64% and 89% reduction, respectively, P < .05), but IGF1R mRNA and protein did not differ vs control. Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of INSR or the downstream substrates insulin receptor substrate 1 and protein kinase B did not differ, but ERK phosphorylation tended to be reduced in DS (32% decrease, P = .07). By contrast, IGF-1 and insulin-stimulated insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor phosphorylation were increased in DS (IGF-1, 8.5- vs 4.5-fold increase; INS, 11- vs 6-fold; P < .05). DS MPC tended to have higher oxygen consumption in both the basal state (87% higher, P =.09) and in response to the uncoupler carbonyl cyanide-p-triflouromethoxyphenylhydrazone (2-fold increase, P =.06). Although mitochondrial DNA or mass did not differ, oxidative phosphorylation protein complexes III and V were increased in DS (by 37% and 6%, respectively; P < .05). Extracellular acidification also tended to increase in DS (91% increase, P = .07), with parallel significant increases in lactate secretion (34% higher at 4 h, P < .05). In summary, DS MPC maintain signaling downstream of the INSR, suggesting that IGF-1R signaling may partly compensate for INSR mutations. However, alterations in receptor expression and pathway-specific defects in insulin signaling, even in undifferentiated cells, can alter cellular oxidative metabolism, potentially via transcriptional mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Balhara
- Research Division (B.B., A.B., V.T., R.K., C.R.K., M.-E.P.), Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology (Y.-K.L., C.C.), Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; and Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center (Y.-K.L., C.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
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