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Damiano G, Rinaldi R, Raucci A, Molinari C, Sforza A, Pirola S, Paneni F, Genovese S, Pompilio G, Vinci MC. Epigenetic mechanisms in cardiovascular complications of diabetes: towards future therapies. Mol Med 2024; 30:161. [PMID: 39333854 PMCID: PMC11428340 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00939-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiovascular disease and microvascular complications in diabetes have been extensively studied, but effective methods of prevention and treatment are still lacking. In recent years, DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs have arisen as possible mechanisms involved in the development, maintenance, and progression of micro- and macro-vascular complications of diabetes. Epigenetic changes have the characteristic of being heritable or deletable. For this reason, they are now being studied as a therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetes and the prevention or for slowing down its complications, aiming to alleviate the personal and social burden of the disease.This review addresses current knowledge of the pathophysiological links between diabetes and cardiovascular complications, focusing on the role of epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone modifications. In addition, although the treatment of complications of diabetes with "epidrugs" is still far from being a reality and faces several challenges, we present the most promising molecules and approaches in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Damiano
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Via C. Parea 4, Milano, 20138, Italy
| | - Raffaella Rinaldi
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Via C. Parea 4, Milano, 20138, Italy
| | - Angela Raucci
- Unit of Cardiovascular Aging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, 20138, Italy
| | - Chiara Molinari
- Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, 20138, Italy
| | - Annalisa Sforza
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Via C. Parea 4, Milano, 20138, Italy
| | - Sergio Pirola
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology (CTEC), Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Genovese
- Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, 20138, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Via C. Parea 4, Milano, 20138, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche e Odontoiatriche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, 20100, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Vinci
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Via C. Parea 4, Milano, 20138, Italy.
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2
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Zhang Y, Liu H, Niu M, Wang Y, Xu R, Guo Y, Zhang C. Roles of long noncoding RNAs in human inflammatory diseases. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:235. [PMID: 38750059 PMCID: PMC11096177 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemokines, cytokines, and inflammatory cells mediate the onset and progression of many diseases through the induction of an inflammatory response. LncRNAs have emerged as important regulators of gene expression and signaling pathways. Increasing evidence suggests that lncRNAs are key players in the inflammatory response, making it a potential therapeutic target for various diseases. From the perspective of lncRNAs and inflammatory factors, we summarized the expression level and regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs in human inflammatory diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis, sepsis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, acute lung injury, diabetic retinopathy, and Parkinson's disease. We also summarized the functions of lncRNAs in the macrophages polarization and discussed the potential applications of lncRNAs in human inflammatory diseases. Although our understanding of lncRNAs is still in its infancy, these data will provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Min Niu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Rong Xu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Yujia Guo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Chunming Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China.
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3
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Nayman EI, Schwartz BA, Polmann M, Gumabong AC, Nieuwdorp M, Cickovski T, Mathee K. Differences in gut microbiota between Dutch and South-Asian Surinamese: potential implications for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4585. [PMID: 38403716 PMCID: PMC10894869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54769-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota, or the collection of diverse microorganisms in a specific ecological niche, are known to significantly impact human health. Decreased gut microbiota production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) has been implicated in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) disease progression. Most microbiome studies focus on ethnic majorities. This study aims to understand how the microbiome differs between an ethnic majority (the Dutch) and minority (the South-Asian Surinamese (SAS)) group with a lower and higher prevalence of T2DM, respectively. Microbiome data from the Healthy Life in an Urban Setting (HELIUS) cohort were used. Two age- and gender-matched groups were compared: the Dutch (n = 41) and SAS (n = 43). Microbial community compositions were generated via DADA2. Metrics of microbial diversity and similarity between groups were computed. Biomarker analyses were performed to determine discriminating taxa. Bacterial co-occurrence networks were constructed to examine ecological patterns. A tight microbiota cluster was observed in the Dutch women, which overlapped with some of the SAS microbiota. The Dutch gut contained a more interconnected microbial ecology, whereas the SAS network was dispersed, i.e., contained fewer inter-taxonomic correlational relationships. Bacteroides caccae, Butyricicoccus, Alistipes putredinis, Coprococcus comes, Odoribacter splanchnicus, and Lachnospira were enriched in the Dutch gut. Haemophilus, Bifidobacterium, and Anaerostipes hadrus discriminated the SAS gut. All but Lachnospira and certain strains of Haemophilus are known to produce SCFAs. The Dutch gut microbiome was distinguished from the SAS by diverse, differentially abundant SCFA-producing taxa with significant cooperation. The dynamic ecology observed in the Dutch was not detected in the SAS. Among several potential gut microbial biomarkers, Haemophilus parainfluenzae likely best characterizes the ethnic minority group, which is more predisposed to T2DM. The higher prevalence of T2DM in the SAS may be associated with the gut dysbiosis observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric I Nayman
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Knight Foundation School of Computing and Information Sciences, College of Engineering and Computing, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Brooke A Schwartz
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Knight Foundation School of Computing and Information Sciences, College of Engineering and Computing, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michaela Polmann
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alayna C Gumabong
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Knight Foundation School of Computing and Information Sciences, College of Engineering and Computing, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Amsterdam Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trevor Cickovski
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Knight Foundation School of Computing and Information Sciences, College of Engineering and Computing, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Kalai Mathee
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
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Hussein RM. Long non-coding RNAs: The hidden players in diabetes mellitus-related complications. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2023; 17:102872. [PMID: 37797393 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been recognized as important regulators of gene expression in various human diseases. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a long-term metabolic disorder associated with serious macro and microvascular complications. This review discusses the potential lncRNAs involved in DM-related complications such as dysfunction of pancreatic beta islets, nephropathy, retinopathy, cardiomyopathy, and peripheral neuropathy. METHODS An extensive literature search was conducted in the Scopus database to find information from reputed biomedical articles published on lncRNAs and diabetic complications from 2014 to 2023. All review articles were collected and statistically analyzed, and the findings were summarized. In addition, the potential lncRNAs involved in DM-related complications, molecular mechanisms, and gene targets were discussed in detail. RESULTS The lncRNAs ANRIL, E33, MALAT1, PVT1, Erbb4-IR, Gm4419, Gm5524, MIAT, MEG3, KNCQ1OT1, Uc.48+, BC168687, HOTAIR, and NONRATT021972 were upregulated in several diabetic complications. However, βlinc1, H19, PLUTO, MEG3, GAS5, uc.322, HOTAIR, MIAT, TUG1, CASC2, CYP4B1-PS1-001, SOX2OT, and Crnde were downregulated. Remarkably, lncRNAs MALAT1, ANRIL, MIAT, MEG3, H19, and HOTAIR were overlapping in more than one diabetic complication and were considered potential lncRNAs. CONCLUSION Several lncRNAs are identified as regulators of DM-related complications. The expression of lncRNAs is up or downregulated depending on the disease context, target genes, and regulatory partners. However, most lncRNAs target oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, and angiogenesis pathways to mediate their protective/pathogenic mechanism of action and contribute to DM-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha M Hussein
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan.
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5
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Wu EL, Cheng M, Zhang XJ, Wu TG, Zhang L. The role of non-coding RNAs in diabetes-induced osteoporosis. Differentiation 2023; 133:98-108. [PMID: 37643534 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and osteoporosis are two major health care problems worldwide. Emerging evidence suggests that DM poses a risk for osteoporosis and can contribute to the development of diabetes-induced osteoporosis (DOP). Interestingly, some epidemiological studies suggest that DOP may be at least partially distinct from those skeletal abnormalities associated with old age or postmenopausal osteoporosis. The increasing number of DM patients who also have DOP calls for a discussion of the pathogenesis of DOP and the investigation of drugs to treat DOP. Recently, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have received more attention due to their significant role in cellular functions and bone formation. It is worth noting that ncRNAs have also been demonstrated to participate in the progression of DOP. Meanwhile, nano-delivery systems are considered a promising strategy to treat DOP because of their cellular targeting, sustained release, and controlled release characteristics. Additionally, the utilization of novel technologies such as the CRISPR system has expanded the scope of available options for treating DOP. Hence, this paper explores the functions and regulatory mechanisms of ncRNAs in DOP and highlights the advantages of employing nanoparticle-based drug delivery techniques to treat DOP. Finally, this paper also explores the potential of ncRNAs as diagnostic DOP biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Li Wu
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Ming Cheng
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Xin-Jing Zhang
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Tian-Gang Wu
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China; Department of Periodontology, Anhui Stomatology Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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6
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Tanwar VS, Reddy MA, Das S, Samara VA, Abdollahi M, Dey S, Malek V, Ganguly R, Stapleton K, Lanting L, Pirrotte P, Natarajan R. Palmitic Acid-Induced Long Noncoding RNA PARAIL Regulates Inflammation via Interaction With RNA-Binding Protein ELAVL1 in Monocytes and Macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1157-1175. [PMID: 37128912 PMCID: PMC10287039 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and diabetes are associated with elevated free fatty acids like palmitic acid (PA), which promote chronic inflammation and impaired inflammation resolution associated with cardiometabolic disorders. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in inflammatory processes; however, their roles in PA-regulated inflammation and resolution are unclear. METHODS We performed RNA-sequencing analysis to identify PA-regulated coding genes and novel lncRNAs in CD14+ monocytes from healthy volunteers. We investigated the regulation and function of an uncharacterized PA-induced lncRNA PARAIL (PA-regulated anti-inflammatory lncRNA). We examined its role in inflammation resolution by employing knockdown and overexpression strategies in human and mouse macrophages. We also used RNA pulldown coupled with mass spectrometry to identify PARAIL interacting nuclear proteins and their mechanistic involvement in PARAIL functions in human macrophages. RESULTS Treatment of human CD14+ monocytes with PA-induced several lncRNAs and genes associated with inflammatory phenotype. PA strongly induced lncRNA PARAIL expressed near RIPK2. PARAIL was also induced by cytokines and infectious agents in human monocytes/macrophages and was regulated by NF-κB (nuclear factor-kappa B). Time course studies showed PARAIL was induced during inflammation resolution phase in PA-treated macrophages. PARAIL knockdown with antisense oligonucleotides upregulated key inflammatory genes and vice versa with PARAIL overexpression. We found that PARAIL interacts with ELAVL1 (ELAV-like RNA-binding protein 1) protein via adenylate/uridylate-rich elements (AU-rich elements; AREs). ELAVL1 knockdown inhibited the anti-inflammatory functions of PARAIL. Moreover, PARAIL knockdown increased cytosolic localization of ELAVL1 and increased the stability of ARE-containing inflammatory genes. Mouse orthologous Parail was downregulated in macrophages from mice with diabetes and atherosclerosis. Parail overexpression attenuated proinflammatory genes in mouse macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Upregulation of PARAIL under acute inflammatory conditions contributes to proresolution mechanisms via PARAIL-ELAVL1 interactions. Conversely, PARAIL downregulation in cardiometabolic diseases enhances ELAVL1 function and impairs inflammation resolution to further augment inflammation. Thus, inflammation-resolving lncRNAs like PARAIL represent novel targets to combat inflammatory cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Singh Tanwar
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Marpadga A. Reddy
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Sadhan Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Vishnu Amaram Samara
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Current affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maryam Abdollahi
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Suchismita Dey
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Vajir Malek
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Rituparna Ganguly
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Kenneth Stapleton
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Linda Lanting
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Patrick Pirrotte
- Integrated Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Cancer & Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
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7
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Zhang L, Hung GCC, Meng S, Evans R, Xu J. LncRNA MALAT1 Regulates Hyperglycemia Induced EMT in Keratinocyte via miR-205. Noncoding RNA 2023; 9:14. [PMID: 36827547 PMCID: PMC9963368 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna9010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is critical to cutaneous wound healing. When skin is injured, EMT activates and mobilizes keratinocytes toward the wound bed, therefore enabling re-epithelialization. This process becomes dysregulated in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate many biological processes. LncRNA-metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) influences numerous cellular processes, including EMT. The objective of the current study is to explore the role of MALAT1 in hyperglycemia (HG)-induced EMT. The expression of MALAT1 was found to be significantly upregulated, while the expression of miR-205 was downregulated in diabetic wounds and high-glucose-treated HaCaT cells. The initiation of EMT in HaCaT cells from hyperglycemia was confirmed by a morphological change, the increased expression of CDH2, KRT10, and ACTA2, and the downregulation of CDH1. The knockdown of MALAT1 was achieved by transfecting a small interfering RNA (SiRNA). MALAT1 and miR-205 were found to modulate HG-induced EMT. MALAT1 silencing or miR-205 overexpression appears to attenuate hyperglycemia-induced EMT. Mechanistically, MALAT1 affects HG-induced EMT through binding to miR-205 and therefore inducing ZEB1, a critical transcription factor for EMT. In summary, lncRNA MALAT1 is involved in the hyperglycemia-induced EMT of human HaCaT cells. This provides a new perspective on the pathogenesis of diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - George Chu-Chih Hung
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Songmei Meng
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Robin Evans
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Junwang Xu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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Xing H, Huang Y, Kunkemoeller BH, Dahl PJ, Muraleetharan O, Malvankar NS, Murrell MP, Kyriakides TR. Dysregulation of TSP2-Rac1-WAVE2 axis in diabetic cells leads to cytoskeletal disorganization, increased cell stiffness, and dysfunction. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22474. [PMID: 36577792 PMCID: PMC9797577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26337-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are a major cell population that perform critical functions in the wound healing process. In response to injury, they proliferate and migrate into the wound space, engaging in extracellular matrix (ECM) production, remodeling, and contraction. However, there is limited knowledge of how fibroblast functions are altered in diabetes. To address this gap, several state-of-the-art microscopy techniques were employed to investigate morphology, migration, ECM production, 2D traction, 3D contraction, and cell stiffness. Analysis of cell-derived matrix (CDM) revealed that diabetic fibroblasts produce thickened and less porous ECM that hindered migration of normal fibroblasts. In addition, diabetic fibroblasts were found to lose spindle-like shape, migrate slower, generate less traction force, exert limited 3D contractility, and have increased cell stiffness. These changes were due, in part, to a decreased level of active Rac1 and a lack of co-localization between F-actin and Waskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family verprolin homologous protein 2 (WAVE2). Interestingly, deletion of thrombospondin-2 (TSP2) in diabetic fibroblasts rescued these phenotypes and restored normal levels of active Rac1 and WAVE2-F-actin co-localization. These results provide a comprehensive view of the extent of diabetic fibroblast dysfunction, highlighting the regulatory role of the TSP2-Rac1-WAVE2-actin axis, and describing a new function of TSP2 in regulating cytoskeleton organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, USA.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Yaqing Huang
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, USA.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Britta H Kunkemoeller
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, USA.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Peter J Dahl
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, USA.,Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | | | - Nikhil S Malvankar
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, USA.,Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Michael P Murrell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, USA.,Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, USA.,Systems Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Themis R Kyriakides
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, USA. .,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, USA.
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9
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Abdollahi M, Kato M, Lanting L, Wang M, Tunduguru R, Natarajan R. Role of miR-379 in high-fat diet-induced kidney injury and dysfunction. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 323:F686-F699. [PMID: 36227097 PMCID: PMC9705025 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00213.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased risk for diabetes and damage to the kidneys. Evidence suggests that miR-379 plays a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. However, its involvement in obesity-induced kidney injury is not known and was therefore investigated in this study by comparing renal phenotypes of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed wild-type (WT) and miR-379 knockout (KO) mice. Male and female WT mice on the HFD for 10 or 24 wk developed obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and kidney dysfunction manifested by albuminuria and glomerular injuries. However, these adverse alterations in HFD-fed WT mice were significantly ameliorated in HFD-fed miR-379 KO mice. HFD feeding increased glomerular expression of miR-379 and decreased its target gene, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) degradation enhancing α-mannosidase-like protein 3 (Edem3), a negative regulator of ER stress. Relative to the standard chow diet-fed controls, expression of profibrotic transforming growth factor-β1 (Tgf-β1) was significantly increased, whereas Zeb2, which encodes ZEB2, a negative regulator of Tgf-β1, was decreased in the glomeruli in HFD-fed WT mice. Notably, these changes as well as HFD-induced increased expression of other profibrotic genes, glomerular hypertrophy, and interstitial fibrosis in HFD-fed WT mice were attenuated in HFD-fed miR-379 KO mice. In cultured primary glomerular mouse mesangial cells (MMCs) isolated from WT mice, treatment with high insulin (mimicking hyperinsulinemia) increased miR-379 expression and decreased its target, Edem3. Moreover, insulin also upregulated Tgf-β1 and downregulated Zeb2 in WT MMCs, but these changes were significantly attenuated in MMCs from miR-379 KO mice. Together, these experiments revealed that miR-379 deletion protects mice from HFD- and hyperinsulinemia-induced kidney injury at least in part through reduced ER stress.NEW & NOTEWORTHY miR-379 knockout mice are protected from high-fat diet (HFD)-induced kidney damage through key miR-379 targets associated with ER stress (Edem3). Mechanistically, treatment of mesangial cells with insulin (mimicking hyperinsulinemia) increased expression of miR-379, Tgf-β1, miR-200, and Chop and decreases Edem3. Furthermore, TGF-β1-induced fibrotic genes are attenuated by a GapmeR targeting miR-379. The results implicate a miR-379/EDEM3/ER stress/miR-200c/Zeb2 signaling pathway in HFD/obesity/insulin resistance-induced renal dysfunction. Targeting miR-379 with GapmeRs can aid in the treatment of obesity-induced kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Abdollahi
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Mitsuo Kato
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Linda Lanting
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Ragadeepthi Tunduguru
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
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Glycation-Associated Diabetic Nephropathy and the Role of Long Noncoding RNAs. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102623. [PMID: 36289886 PMCID: PMC9599575 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycation of various biomolecules is the root cause of many pathological conditions associated with diabetic nephropathy and end-stage kidney disease. Glycation imbalances metabolism and increases renal cell injury. Numerous therapeutic measures have narrowed down the adverse effects of endogenous glycation, but efficient and potent measures are miles away. Recent advances in the identification and characterization of noncoding RNAs, especially the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), have opened a mammon of new biology to explore the mitigations for glycation-associated diabetic nephropathy. Furthermore, tissue-specific distribution and condition-specific expression make lncRNA a promising key for second-generation therapeutic interventions. Though the techniques to identify and exemplify noncoding RNAs are rapidly evolving, the lncRNA study encounters multiple methodological constraints. This review will discuss lncRNAs and their possible involvement in glycation and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) signaling pathways. We further highlight the possible approaches for lncRNA-based therapeutics and their working mechanism for perturbing glycation and conclude our review with lncRNAs biology-related future opportunities.
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11
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Characterization of lncRNA-Based ceRNA Network and Potential Prognostic Hub Genes for Sepsis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1485033. [PMID: 35774747 PMCID: PMC9239781 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1485033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective Sepsis is one of the most common reasons for hospitalization and in-hospital mortality each year. Noncoding RNAs have been reported not only as diagnostic and prognostic indicators but also as therapeutic targets of sepsis. Herein, we used an integrative computational approach to identify miRNA-mediated ceRNA crosstalk between lncRNAs and genes in sepsis based on the “ceRNA hypothesis” and investigated prognostic roles of hub genes in sepsis. Methods Two good-quality gene expression datasets with more than 10 patient samples, GSE89376 and GSE95233, were employed to obtain differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and genes (DEGs) in sepsis. The DElncRNA-miRNA-DEG regulatory network was constructed using a combination of DElncRNA-miRNA pairs and miRNA-DEmRNA pairs. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by mapping DEGs into the STRING database to identify hub genes in sepsis. The clinical and prognostic significance of hub genes was validated in 89 patients with post-traumatic sepsis. Results The integrative computational approach identified 311 DEGs and 19 DElncRNAs between septic patients and healthy volunteers. Results yielded 122 downDElncRNA-miRNA-downDEG networks based on two lncRNAs, HCP5, and HOTAIRM1, and 36 upDElncRNA-miRNA-upDEG network based on BASP1-AS1. The PPI network identified serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1), arrestin beta 1 (ARRB1), and G protein-coupled receptor 183 (GPR183) as located at the core of the network, and three of them were downregulated in sepsis. SGK1, ARRB1, and GPR183 were all involved in lncRNA HCP5-based ceRNA network. The quantitative real-time PCR revealed that the patients with post-traumatic sepsis exhibited reduced relative mRNA levels of SGK1, ARRB1, and GPR183 compared to the patients without sepsis. The nonsurvivor group, according to the 28-day mortality, showed lower relative mRNA levels of SGK1, ARRB1, and GPR183 than the survivor group. We also demonstrated reduced mRNA levels of SGK1, ARRB1, and GPR183 were associated with sepsis-related death after trauma. Conclusion Our integrative analysis and clinical validation suggest lncRNA HCP5-based ceRNA networks with SGK1, ARRB1, and GPR183 involved were associated with the occurrence and progression of sepsis.
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12
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Wang W, Liu H, Liu T, Yang H, He F. Insights into the Role of Macrophage Polarization in the Pathogenesis of Osteoporosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2485959. [PMID: 35707276 PMCID: PMC9192196 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2485959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide suffer from osteoporosis, which causes bone fragility and increases the risk of fractures. Osteoporosis is closely related to the inhibition of osteogenesis and the enhancement of osteoclastogenesis. In addition, chronic inflammation and macrophage polarization may contribute to osteoporosis as well. Macrophages, crucial to inflammatory responses, display different phenotypes under the control of microenvironment. There are two major phenotypes, classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2). Generally, M1 macrophages mainly lead to bone resorption, while M2 macrophages result in osteogenesis. M1/M2 ratio reflects the "fluid" state of macrophage polarization, and the imbalance of M1/M2 ratio may cause disease such as osteoporosis. Additionally, antioxidant drugs, such as melatonin, are applied to change the state of macrophage polarization and to treat osteoporosis. In this review, we introduce the mechanisms of macrophage polarization-mediated bone resorption and bone formation and the contribution to the clinical strategies of osteoporosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Fan He
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
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13
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Prandi FR, Lecis D, Illuminato F, Milite M, Celotto R, Lerakis S, Romeo F, Barillà F. Epigenetic Modifications and Non-Coding RNA in Diabetes-Mellitus-Induced Coronary Artery Disease: Pathophysiological Link and New Therapeutic Frontiers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4589. [PMID: 35562979 PMCID: PMC9105558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a glucose metabolism disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from a deficit of insulin production and/or action. DM affects more than 1 in 10 adults, and it is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for two thirds of the overall deaths in diabetic patients, with coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemic cardiomyopathy as the main contributors. Hyperglycemic damage on vascular endothelial cells leading to endothelial dysfunction represents the main initiating factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications; however, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are still not entirely understood. This review addresses the current knowledge on the pathophysiological links between DM and CAD with a focus on the role of epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and noncoding RNA control. Increased knowledge of epigenetic mechanisms has contributed to the development of new pharmacological treatments ("epidrugs") with epigenetic targets, although these approaches present several challenges. Specific epigenetic biomarkers may also be used to predict or detect the development and progression of diabetes complications. Further studies on diabetes and CAD epigenetics are needed in order to identify possible new therapeutic targets and advance personalized medicine with the prediction of individual drug responses and minimization of adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Romana Prandi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (D.L.); (F.I.); (M.M.); (R.C.); (F.B.)
- Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Dalgisio Lecis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (D.L.); (F.I.); (M.M.); (R.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Federica Illuminato
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (D.L.); (F.I.); (M.M.); (R.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Marialucia Milite
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (D.L.); (F.I.); (M.M.); (R.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Roberto Celotto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (D.L.); (F.I.); (M.M.); (R.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Stamatios Lerakis
- Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Francesco Romeo
- Department of Departmental Faculty of Medicine, Unicamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Barillà
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (D.L.); (F.I.); (M.M.); (R.C.); (F.B.)
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14
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Liang Y, Yu M, Wang Y, Li M, Zhang Z, Qiao Z, Zhang P. Alteration of Ileal lncRNAs After Duodenal–Jejunal Bypass Is Associated With Regulation of Lipid and Amino Acid Metabolism. Front Physiol 2022; 13:836918. [PMID: 35464075 PMCID: PMC9021573 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.836918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) can generate a drastic shift of coding and noncoding RNA expression patterns in the gastrointestinal system, which triggers organ function remodeling and may induce type 2 diabetes (T2D) remission. Our previous studies have demonstrated that the altered expression profiles of duodenal and jejunal long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) after the duodenal–jejunal bypass (DJB), an investigational procedure and research tool of MBS, can improve glycemic control by modulating the entero-pancreatic axis and gut–brain axis, respectively. As an indiscerptible part of the intestine, the ileal lncRNA expression signatures after DJB and the critical pathways associated with postoperative correction of the impaired metabolism need to be investigated too. High-fat diet-induced diabetic mice were randomly assigned into two groups receiving either DJB or sham surgery. Compared to the sham group, 1,425 dysregulated ileal lncRNAs and 552 co-expressed mRNAs were identified in the DJB group. Bioinformatics analysis of the differently expressed mRNAs and predicted target genes or transcriptional factors indicated that the dysregulated ileal lncRNAs were associated with lipid and amino acid metabolism-related pathways. Moreover, a series of lncRNAs and their potential target mRNAs, especially NONMMUT040618, Pxmp4, Pnpla3, and Car5a, were identified on the pathway. In conclusion, DJB can induce remarkable alteration of ileal lncRNA and mRNA expression. The role of the ileum in DJB tends to re-establish the energy homeostasis by regulating the lipid and amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Liang
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghua Yu
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Lesions Regulation and Remodeling, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueqian Wang
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyi Li
- Department of Surgery, Capital Medical University Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongtao Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Capital Medical University Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongtao Zhang, ; Zhengdong Qiao, ; Peng Zhang,
| | - Zhengdong Qiao
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongtao Zhang, ; Zhengdong Qiao, ; Peng Zhang,
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Capital Medical University Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongtao Zhang, ; Zhengdong Qiao, ; Peng Zhang,
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15
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Phang RJ, Ritchie RH, Hausenloy DJ, Lees JG, Lim SY. Cellular interplay between cardiomyocytes and non-myocytes in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 119:668-690. [PMID: 35388880 PMCID: PMC10153440 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) frequently exhibit a distinctive cardiac phenotype known as diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiac complications associated with T2DM include cardiac inflammation, hypertrophy, fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction in the early stages of the disease, which can progress to systolic dysfunction and heart failure. Effective therapeutic options for diabetic cardiomyopathy are limited and often have conflicting results. The lack of effective treatments for diabetic cardiomyopathy is due in part, to our poor understanding of the disease development and progression, as well as a lack of robust and valid preclinical human models that can accurately recapitulate the pathophysiology of the human heart. In addition to cardiomyocytes, the heart contains a heterogeneous population of non-myocytes including fibroblasts, vascular cells, autonomic neurons and immune cells. These cardiac non-myocytes play important roles in cardiac homeostasis and disease, yet the effect of hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia on these cell types are often overlooked in preclinical models of diabetic cardiomyopathy. The advent of human induced pluripotent stem cells provides a new paradigm in which to model diabetic cardiomyopathy as they can be differentiated into all cell types in the human heart. This review will discuss the roles of cardiac non-myocytes and their dynamic intercellular interactions in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We will also discuss the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors as a therapy for diabetic cardiomyopathy and their known impacts on non-myocytes. These developments will no doubt facilitate the discovery of novel treatment targets for preventing the onset and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Jie Phang
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia.,Departments of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- School of Biosciences, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK.,Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jarmon G Lees
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia.,Departments of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Shiang Y Lim
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia.,Departments of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Hennessy EJ. LncRNAs and Cardiovascular Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1363:71-95. [PMID: 35220566 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92034-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel class of RNA molecule emerged from human transcriptome sequencing studies termed long non-coding RNAs. These RNA molecules differ from other classes of non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs in their sizes, sequence motifs and structures. Studies have demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs play a prominent role in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. They provide the cell with tiered levels of gene regulation interacting with DNA, other RNA molecules or proteins acting in various capacities to control a variety of cellular mechanisms. Cell specificity is a hallmark of lncRNA studies and they have been identified in macrophages, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells and hepatocytes. Recent lncRNA studies have uncovered functional micropeptides encoded within lncRNA genes that can have a different function to the lncRNA. Disease associated mutations in the genome tend to occur in non-coding regions signifying the importance of non-coding genes in disease associations. There is a great deal of work to be done in the non-coding RNA field and tremendous therapeutic potential due to their cell type specificity. A better understanding of the functions and interactions of lncRNAs will inevitably have clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Hennessy
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (ITMAT), Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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17
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Qin Y, Li B, Arumugam S, Lu Q, Mankash SM, Li J, Sun B, Li J, Flavell RA, Li HB, Ouyang X. m 6A mRNA methylation-directed myeloid cell activation controls progression of NAFLD and obesity. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109968. [PMID: 34758326 PMCID: PMC8667589 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification is a fundamental determinant of mRNA metabolism, but its role in innate immunity-driven non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and obesity is not known. Here, we show that myeloid lineage-restricted deletion of the m6A "writer" protein Methyltransferase Like 3 (METTL3) prevents age-related and diet-induced development of NAFLD and obesity in mice with improved inflammatory and metabolic phenotypes. Mechanistically, loss of METTL3 results in the differential expression of multiple mRNA transcripts marked with m6A, with a notable increase of DNA Damage Inducible Transcript 4 (DDIT4) mRNA level. In METTL3-deficient macrophages, there is a significant downregulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway activity in response to cellular stress and cytokine stimulation, which can be restored by knockdown of DDIT4. Taken together, our findings identify the contribution of METTL3-mediated m6A modification of Ddit4 mRNA to macrophage metabolic reprogramming in NAFLD and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Qin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Binghua Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Suyavaran Arumugam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Qiuxia Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Salah M Mankash
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Junzi Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Beicheng Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan & Education Ministry of P.R. China, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Hua-Bing Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Xinshou Ouyang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Alipoor B, Nikouei S, Rezaeinejad F, Malakooti-Dehkordi SN, Sabati Z, Ghasemi H. Long non-coding RNAs in metabolic disorders: pathogenetic relevance and potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:2015-2041. [PMID: 33792864 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01559-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that dysregulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) could be associated with the incidence and development of metabolic disorders. AIM Accordingly, this narrative review described the molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in the development of metabolic diseases including insulin resistance, diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cirrhosis, and coronary artery diseases (CAD). Furthermore, we investigated the up-to-date findings on the association of deregulated lncRNAs in the metabolic disorders, and potential use of lncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. CONCLUSION LncRNAs/miRNA/regulatory proteins axis plays a crucial role in progression of metabolic disorders and may be used in development of therapeutic and diagnostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Alipoor
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - S Nikouei
- Student Research Committee, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - F Rezaeinejad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | | | - Z Sabati
- MSc student of Hematology, Student Research Committee, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Ghasemi
- Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran.
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A Novel Regulatory Player in the Innate Immune System: Long Non-Coding RNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179535. [PMID: 34502451 PMCID: PMC8430513 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent crucial transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulators during antimicrobial responses in the host innate immune system. Studies have shown that lncRNAs are expressed in a highly tissue- and cell-specific- manner and are involved in the differentiation and function of innate immune cells, as well as inflammatory and antiviral processes, through versatile molecular mechanisms. These lncRNAs function via the interactions with DNA, RNA, or protein in either cis or trans pattern, relying on their specific sequences or their transcriptions and processing. The dysregulation of lncRNA function is associated with various human non-infectious diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes mellitus. Here, we provide an overview of the regulation and mechanisms of lncRNA function in the development and differentiation of innate immune cells, and during the activation or repression of innate immune responses. These elucidations might be beneficial for the development of therapeutic strategies targeting inflammatory and innate immune-mediated diseases.
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20
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Di Mauro S, Salomone F, Scamporrino A, Filippello A, Morisco F, Guido M, Lembo V, Cossiga V, Pipitone RM, Grimaudo S, Malaguarnera R, Purrello F, Piro S. Coffee Restores Expression of lncRNAs Involved in Steatosis and Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of NAFLD. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13092952. [PMID: 34578828 PMCID: PMC8467439 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim: Coffee intake exerts protective effects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), although without fully cleared mechanisms. In this study we aimed to assess whether coffee consumption may influence the expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the liver. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were fed a 12-week standard diet (SD), high-fat diet (HFD) or HFD plus decaffeinated coffee solution (HFD + coffee). Expression of specific lncRNAs involved in NAFLD was analyzed by real-time PCR. For the most differentially expressed lncRNAs, the analysis was also extended to their mRNA targets. Results: Decaffeinated coffee intake reduced body weight gain, prevented NAFLD, lowered hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia. NAFLD was associated with lower hepatic expression of Gm16551, a lncRNA inhibiting de novo lipogenesis, and higher expression of H19, a lncRNA promoting fibrogenesis. Coffee intake restored Gm16551 to levels observed in lean mice and downregulated gene expression of its targets acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase 1 and stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase 1. Furthermore, coffee consumption markedly decreased hepatic expression of H19 and of its target gene collagen alpha-1(I) chain; consistently, in mice fed HFD + coffee liver expression of αSMA protein returned to levels of mice fed SD. Expression of lncRNA involved in circadian clock such as fatty liver-related lncRNA 1 (FLRL1) and fatty liver-related lncRNA 2 (FLRL2) were upregulated by HFD and were also modulated by coffee intake. Conclusion. Hepatoprotective effects of coffee may be depending on the modulation of lncRNAs involved in key pathways of NAFLD onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Di Mauro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy; (S.D.M.); (A.S.); (A.F.); (S.P.)
| | - Federico Salomone
- Division of Gastroenterology, Ospedale di Acireale, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Catania, 95024 Catania, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Scamporrino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy; (S.D.M.); (A.S.); (A.F.); (S.P.)
| | - Agnese Filippello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy; (S.D.M.); (A.S.); (A.F.); (S.P.)
| | - Filomena Morisco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80125 Naples, Italy; (F.M.); (V.L.); (V.C.)
| | - Maria Guido
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Lembo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80125 Naples, Italy; (F.M.); (V.L.); (V.C.)
| | - Valentina Cossiga
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80125 Naples, Italy; (F.M.); (V.L.); (V.C.)
| | | | - Stefania Grimaudo
- Department PROMISE, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (R.M.P.); (S.G.)
| | | | - Francesco Purrello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy; (S.D.M.); (A.S.); (A.F.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-759-8401
| | - Salvatore Piro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy; (S.D.M.); (A.S.); (A.F.); (S.P.)
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21
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Fatty acids and evolving roles of their proteins in neurological, cardiovascular disorders and cancers. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 83:101116. [PMID: 34293403 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The dysregulation of fat metabolism is involved in various disorders, including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and cancers. The uptake of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) with 14 or more carbons plays a pivotal role in cellular metabolic homeostasis. Therefore, the uptake and metabolism of LCFAs must constantly be in tune with the cellular, metabolic, and structural requirements of cells. Many metabolic diseases are thought to be driven by the abnormal flow of fatty acids either from the dietary origin and/or released from adipose stores. Cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of fatty acids are facilitated ubiquitously with unique combinations of fatty acid transport proteins and cytoplasmic fatty acid-binding proteins in every tissue. Extensive data are emerging on the defective transporters and metabolism of LCFAs and their clinical implications. Uptake and metabolism of LCFAs are crucial for the brain's functional development and cardiovascular health and maintenance. In addition, data suggest fatty acid metabolic transporter can normalize activated inflammatory response by reprogramming lipid metabolism in cancers. Here we review the current understanding of how LCFAs and their proteins contribute to the pathophysiology of three crucial diseases and the mechanisms involved in the processes.
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22
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Rey F, Urrata V, Gilardini L, Bertoli S, Calcaterra V, Zuccotti GV, Cancello R, Carelli S. Role of long non-coding RNAs in adipogenesis: State of the art and implications in obesity and obesity-associated diseases. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13203. [PMID: 33443301 PMCID: PMC8244036 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an evolutionary, chronic, and relapsing disease that consists of a pathological accumulation of adipose tissue able to increase morbidity for high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and obstructive sleep apnea in adults, children, and adolescents. Despite intense research over the last 20 years, obesity remains today a disease with a complex and multifactorial etiology. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as interesting new regulators as different lncRNAs have been found to play a role in early and late phases of adipogenesis and to be implicated in obesity-associated complications onset. In this review, we discuss the most recent advances on the role of lncRNAs in adipocyte biology and in obesity-associated complications. Indeed, more and more researchers are focusing on investigating the underlying roles that these molecular modulators could play. Even if a significant number of evidence is correlation-based, with lncRNAs being differentially expressed in a specific disease, recent works are now focused on deeply analyzing how lncRNAs can effectively modulate the disease pathogenesis onset and progression. LncRNAs possibly represent new molecular markers useful in the future for both the early diagnosis and a prompt clinical management of patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rey
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Urrata
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Gilardini
- Obesity Unit-Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Bertoli
- Obesity Unit-Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatrics and Adolescentology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital "V. Buzzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital "V. Buzzi", Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Cancello
- Obesity Unit-Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stephana Carelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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23
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Tanwar VS, Reddy MA, Natarajan R. Emerging Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Diabetic Vascular Complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:665811. [PMID: 34234740 PMCID: PMC8255808 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.665811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes are associated with accelerated rates of macrovascular and microvascular complications, which are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Further understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms can aid in the development of novel drug targets and therapies to manage these disorders more effectively. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that do not have protein-coding potential are expressed in a tissue- and species-specific manner and regulate diverse biological processes. LncRNAs regulate gene expression in cis or in trans through various mechanisms, including interaction with chromatin-modifying proteins and other regulatory proteins and via posttranscriptional mechanisms, including acting as microRNA sponges or as host genes of microRNAs. Emerging evidence suggests that major pathological factors associated with diabetes such as high glucose, free fatty acids, proinflammatory cytokines, and growth factors can dysregulate lncRNAs in inflammatory, cardiac, vascular, and renal cells leading to altered expression of key inflammatory genes and fibrotic genes associated with diabetic vascular complications. Here we review recent reports on lncRNA characterization, functions, and mechanisms of action in diabetic vascular complications and translational approaches to target them. These advances can provide new insights into the lncRNA-dependent actions and mechanisms underlying diabetic vascular complications and uncover novel lncRNA-based biomarkers and therapies to reduce disease burden and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
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24
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Reddy MA, Amaram V, Das S, Tanwar VS, Ganguly R, Wang M, Lanting L, Zhang L, Abdollahi M, Chen Z, Wu X, Devaraj S, Natarajan R. lncRNA DRAIR is downregulated in diabetic monocytes and modulates the inflammatory phenotype via epigenetic mechanisms. JCI Insight 2021; 6:143289. [PMID: 33945509 PMCID: PMC8262346 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.143289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly implicated in the pathology of diabetic complications. Here, we examined the role of lncRNAs in monocyte dysfunction and inflammation associated with human type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). RNA sequencing analysis of CD14+ monocytes from patients with T2D versus healthy controls revealed downregulation of antiinflammatory and antiproliferative genes, along with several lncRNAs, including a potentially novel divergent lncRNA diabetes regulated antiinflammatory RNA (DRAIR) and its nearby gene CPEB2. High glucose and palmitic acid downregulated DRAIR in cultured CD14+ monocytes, whereas antiinflammatory cytokines and monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation upregulated DRAIR via KLF4 transcription factor. DRAIR overexpression increased antiinflammatory and macrophage differentiation genes but inhibited proinflammatory genes. Conversely, DRAIR knockdown attenuated antiinflammatory genes, promoted inflammatory responses, and inhibited phagocytosis. DRAIR regulated target gene expression through interaction with chromatin, as well as inhibition of the repressive epigenetic mark H3K9me2 and its corresponding methyltransferase G9a. Mouse orthologous Drair and Cpeb2 were also downregulated in peritoneal macrophages from T2D db/db mice, and Drair knockdown in nondiabetic mice enhanced proinflammatory genes in macrophages. Thus, DRAIR modulates the inflammatory phenotype of monocytes/macrophages via epigenetic mechanisms, and its downregulation in T2D may promote chronic inflammation. Augmentation of endogenous lncRNAs like DRAIR could serve as novel antiinflammatory therapies for diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marpadga A Reddy
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Vishnu Amaram
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Sadhan Das
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA.,Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Vinay Singh Tanwar
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Rituparna Ganguly
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Linda Lanting
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Lingxiao Zhang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Maryam Abdollahi
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Sridevi Devaraj
- Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute and Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
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25
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Zhang B, Xu S, Liu J, Xie Y, Xiaobo S. Long Noncoding RNAs: Novel Important Players in Adipocyte Lipid Metabolism and Derivative Diseases. Front Physiol 2021; 12:691824. [PMID: 34168572 PMCID: PMC8217837 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.691824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a global public health issue, is characterized by excessive adiposity and is strongly related to some chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Extra energy intake-induced adipogenesis involves various transcription factors and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that control lipogenic mRNA expression. Currently, lncRNAs draw much attention for their contribution to adipogenesis and adipose tissue function. Increasing evidence also manifests the pivotal role of lncRNAs in modulating white, brown, and beige adipose tissue development and affecting the progression of the diseases induced by adipose dysfunction. The aim of this review is to summarize the roles of lncRNAs in adipose tissue development and obesity-caused diseases to provide novel drug targets for the treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Saijun Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyan Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sun Xiaobo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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26
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Sansonetti M, De Windt LJ. Non-coding RNAs in cardiac inflammation: key drivers in the pathophysiology of heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2058-2073. [PMID: 34097013 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is among the most progressive diseases and a leading cause of morbidity. Despite several advances in cardiovascular therapies, pharmacological treatments are limited to relieve symptoms without curing cardiac injury. Multiple observations point to the involvement of immune cells as key drivers in the pathophysiology of heart failure. In particular, there is a growing recognition that heart failure is related to a prolonged and insufficiently repressed inflammatory response leading to molecular, cellular, and functional cardiac alterations. Over the last decades, non-coding RNAs are recognized as prominent mediators of the cardiac inflammation, affecting the function of several immune cells. In the current review, we explore the contribution of the diverse immune cells in the progression of heart failure, revealing mechanistic functions for non-coding RNAs in cardiac immune cells as a new and exciting field of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marida Sansonetti
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Science and Engineering; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences; Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Leon J De Windt
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Science and Engineering; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences; Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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27
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Zhang J, Thakuri BKC, Zhao J, Nguyen LN, Nguyen LNT, Khanal S, Cao D, Dang X, Schank M, Lu Z, Wu XY, Morrison ZD, El Gazzar M, Jiang Y, Ning S, Wang L, Moorman JP, Yao ZQ. Long Noncoding RNA RUNXOR Promotes Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Expansion and Functions via Enhancing Immunosuppressive Molecule Expressions during Latent HIV Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 206:2052-2060. [PMID: 33820854 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RUNX1 overlapping RNA (RUNXOR) is a long noncoding RNA and a key regulator of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) via targeting runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1). We and others have previously reported MDSC expansion and inhibition of host immune responses during viral infections; however, the mechanisms regulating MDSC differentiation and suppressive functions, especially the role of RUNXOR-RUNX1 in the regulation of MDSCs in people living with HIV (PLHIV), remain unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that RUNXOR and RUNX1 expressions are upregulated in MDSCs that expand and accumulate in human PBMCs derived from PLHIV. We found that the upregulation of RUNXOR and RUNX1 is associated with the expressions of several key immunosuppressive molecules, including arginase 1, inducible NO synthase, STAT3, IL-6, and reactive oxygen species. RUNXOR and RUNX1 could positively regulate each other's expression and control the expressions of these suppressive mediators. Specifically, silencing RUNXOR or RUNX1 expression in MDSCs from PLHIV attenuated MDSC expansion and immunosuppressive mediator expressions, whereas overexpressing RUNXOR in CD33+ myeloid precursors from healthy subjects promoted their differentiation into MDSCs and enhanced the expression of these mediators. Moreover, loss of RUNXOR-RUNX1 function in MDSCs improved IFN-γ production from cocultured autologous CD4 T cells derived from PLHIV. These results suggest that the RUNXOR-RUNX1 axis promotes the differentiation and suppressive functions of MDSCs via regulating multiple immunosuppressive signaling molecules and may represent a potential target for immunotherapy in conjunction with antiviral therapy in PLHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zhang
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Bal Krishna Chand Thakuri
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Juan Zhao
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Lam N Nguyen
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Lam N T Nguyen
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Sushant Khanal
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Dechao Cao
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Xindi Dang
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Madison Schank
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Zeyuan Lu
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Xiao Y Wu
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Zheng D Morrison
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Mohamed El Gazzar
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN; and
| | - Shunbin Ning
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Ling Wang
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN
| | - Jonathan P Moorman
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Hepatitis (HCV/HBV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Johnson City, TN
| | - Zhi Q Yao
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN; .,Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Hepatitis (HCV/HBV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Johnson City, TN
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28
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Zheng X, Leung KS, Wong MH, Cheng L. Long non-coding RNA pairs to assist in diagnosing sepsis. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:275. [PMID: 33863291 PMCID: PMC8050902 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07576-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis is the major cause of death in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) globally. Molecular detection enables rapid diagnosis that allows early intervention to minimize the death rate. Recent studies showed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate proinflammatory genes and are related to the dysfunction of organs in sepsis. Identifying lncRNA signature with absolute abundance is challenging because of the technical variation and the systematic experimental bias. Results Cohorts (n = 768) containing whole blood lncRNA profiling of sepsis patients in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were included. We proposed a novel diagnostic strategy that made use of the relative expressions of lncRNA pairs, which are reversed between sepsis patients and normal controls (eg. lncRNAi > lncRNAj in sepsis patients and lncRNAi < lncRNAj in normal controls), to identify 14 lncRNA pairs as a sepsis diagnostic signature. The signature was then applied to independent cohorts (n = 644) to evaluate its predictive performance across different ages and normalization methods. Comparing to common machine learning models and existing signatures, SepSigLnc consistently attains better performance on the validation cohorts from the same age group (AUC = 0.990 & 0.995 in two cohorts) and across different groups (AUC = 0.878 on average), as well as cohorts processed by an alternative normalization method (AUC = 0.953 on average). Functional analysis demonstrates that the lncRNA pairs in SepsigLnc are functionally similar and tend to implicate in the same biological processes including cell fate commitment and cellular response to steroid hormone stimulus. Conclusion Our study identified 14 lncRNA pairs as signature that can facilitate the diagnosis of septic patients at an intervenable point when clinical manifestations are not dramatic. Also, the computational procedure can be generalized to a standard procedure for discovering diagnostic molecule signatures. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07576-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubin Zheng
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medicine College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Kwong-Sak Leung
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Man-Hon Wong
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Lixin Cheng
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Second Clinical Medicine College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
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Li J, Wei M, Liu X, Xiao S, Cai Y, Li F, Tian J, Qi F, Xu G, Deng C. The progress, prospects, and challenges of the use of non-coding RNA for diabetic wounds. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 24:554-578. [PMID: 33981479 PMCID: PMC8063712 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic diabetic wounds affect the quality of life of patients, resulting in significant social and economic burdens on both individuals and the health care system. Although treatment methods for chronic diabetic wounds have been explored, there remains a lack of effective treatment strategies; therefore, alternative strategies must be explored. Recently, the abnormal expression of non-coding RNA in diabetic wounds has received widespread attention since it is an important factor in the development of diabetic wounds. This article reviews the regulatory role of three common non-coding RNAs (microRNA [miRNA], long non-coding RNA [lncRNA], and circular RNA [circRNA]) in diabetic wounds and discusses the diagnosis, treatment potential, and challenges of non-coding RNA in diabetic wounds. This article provides insights into new strategies for diabetic wound diagnosis and treatment at the genetic and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyi Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Injury Repair and Regenerative Medicine Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Affiliated Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Wei
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Injury Repair and Regenerative Medicine Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Affiliated Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Injury Repair and Regenerative Medicine Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Affiliated Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shune Xiao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Injury Repair and Regenerative Medicine Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Affiliated Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Cai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Tian
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Injury Repair and Regenerative Medicine Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Affiliated Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Qi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Injury Repair and Regenerative Medicine Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Affiliated Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangchao Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Injury Repair and Regenerative Medicine Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Affiliated Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengliang Deng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Injury Repair and Regenerative Medicine Co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Affiliated Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common chronic microvascular complications of diabetes. In addition to the characteristic clinical manifestations of proteinuria, it also has a complex pathological process that results from the combined effects of multiple factors involving the whole renal structure such as glomeruli, renal tubules, and blood vessels. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) are transcripts with no or low coding potential, among which micro RNA (miRNA) has been widely studied as a functional miRNA involved in regulation and a potential biomarker for disease prediction. The abundance of long coding RNA (lncRNA) in vivo is highly expressed with a certain degree of research progress, but the structural similarity makes the research still challenging. The research of circular RNA (circRNA) is still in its early stages. It is more relevant to the study to provide a more relevant link between diseases in the kidney and other tissues or organs. This classification review mainly summarized the biogenesis characteristics, the pathological mechanism of ncRNA-regulating diseases, the ways of ncRNA in the clinical prediction as a potential biomarker, and the interaction networks of ncRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Ren
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Hospital Affiliated of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in Cardiovascular Disease Complication of Type 2 Diabetes. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11010145. [PMID: 33478141 PMCID: PMC7835902 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has opened a new paradigm to use ncRNAs as biomarkers to detect disease progression. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) have garnered the most attention due to their specific cell-origin and their existence in biological fluids. Type 2 diabetes patients will develop cardiovascular disease (CVD) complications, and CVD remains the top risk factor for mortality. Understanding the lncRNA roles in T2D and CVD conditions will allow the future use of lncRNAs to detect CVD complications before the symptoms appear. This review aimed to discuss the roles of lncRNAs in T2D and CVD conditions and their diagnostic potential as molecular biomarkers for CVD complications in T2D.
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Gao X, Du Y, Lau WB, Li Y, Zhu S, Ma XL. Atg16L1 as a Novel Biomarker and Autophagy Gene for Diabetic Retinopathy. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:5398645. [PMID: 33791389 PMCID: PMC7997773 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5398645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accumulating evidence suggests the critical role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). In the current study, we aim to identify autophagy genes involved in DR via microarray analyses. METHODS Gene microarrays were performed to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs/mRNAs between normal and DR retinas. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses of lncRNA-coexpressed mRNAs were used to determine the related pathological pathways and biological modules. Real-time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were conducted to validate the microarray analyses. RESULTS A total of 2474 significantly dysregulated lncRNAs and 959 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified in the retina of DR. Based upon Signalnet analysis, Bcl2, Gabarapl2, Atg4c, and Atg16L1 participated the process of cell death in DR. Moreover, real-time PCR revealed significant upregulation of Atg16L1. CONCLUSION This study indicated the importance and potential role of Atg16L1, one of the autophagy genes, as a biomarker in DR development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxiao Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yunhui Du
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wayne Bond Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, College Building, Suite 808, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Yu Li
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Siquan Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xin-Liang Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, College Building, Suite 808, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Ramírez-Alarcón K, Victoriano M, Mardones L, Villagran M, Al-Harrasi A, Al-Rawahi A, Cruz-Martins N, Sharifi-Rad J, Martorell M. Phytochemicals as Potential Epidrugs in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:656978. [PMID: 34140928 PMCID: PMC8204854 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.656978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) prevalence has significantly increased worldwide in recent years due to population age, obesity, and modern sedentary lifestyles. The projections estimate that 439 million people will be diabetic in 2030. T2DM is characterized by an impaired β-pancreatic cell function and insulin secretion, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, and recently the epigenetic regulation of β-pancreatic cells differentiation has been underlined as being involved. It is currently known that several bioactive molecules, widely abundant in plants used as food or infusions, have a key role in histone modification and DNA methylation, and constituted potential epidrugs candidates against T2DM. In this sense, in this review the epigenetic mechanisms involved in T2DM and protein targets are reviewed, with special focus in studies addressing the potential use of phytochemicals as epidrugs that prevent and/or control T2DM in vivo and in vitro. As main findings, and although some controversial results have been found, bioactive molecules with epigenetic regulatory function, appear to be a potential replacement/complementary therapy of pharmacological hypoglycemic drugs, with minimal side effects. Indeed, natural epidrugs have shown to prevent or delay the T2DM development and the morbidity associated to dysfunction of blood vessels, eyes and kidneys due to sustained hyperglycemia in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Ramírez-Alarcón
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Montserrat Victoriano
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Lorena Mardones
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepcion, Concepción, Chile
| | - Marcelo Villagran
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepcion, Concepción, Chile
- Scientific-Technological Center for the Sustainable Development of the Coastline, Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepcion, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mouz, Oman
- *Correspondence: Ahmed Al-Harrasi, ; Natália Cruz-Martins, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Miquel Martorell,
| | - Ahmed Al-Rawahi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mouz, Oman
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Ahmed Al-Harrasi, ; Natália Cruz-Martins, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Miquel Martorell,
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
- *Correspondence: Ahmed Al-Harrasi, ; Natália Cruz-Martins, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Miquel Martorell,
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Concepción, Chile
- *Correspondence: Ahmed Al-Harrasi, ; Natália Cruz-Martins, ; Javad Sharifi-Rad, ; Miquel Martorell,
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Dieter C, Lemos NE, Corrêa NRDF, Assmann TS, Crispim D. The Impact of lncRNAs in Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and In Silico Analyses. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:602597. [PMID: 33815273 PMCID: PMC8018579 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.602597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding transcripts that have emerged as one of the largest and diverse RNA families that regulate gene expression. Accumulating evidence has suggested a number of lncRNAs are involved in diabetes mellitus (DM) pathogenesis. However, results about lncRNA expressions in DM patients are still inconclusive. Thus, we performed a systematic review of the literature on the subject followed by bioinformatics analyses to better understand which lncRNAs are dysregulated in DM and in which pathways they act. Pubmed, Embase, and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repositories were searched to identify studies that investigated lncRNA expression in cases with DM and non-diabetic controls. LncRNAs consistently dysregulated in DM patients were submitted to bioinformatics analysis to retrieve their target genes and identify potentially affected signaling pathways under their regulation. Fifty-three eligible articles were included in this review after the application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Six hundred and thirty-eight lncRNAs were differentially expressed between cases and controls in at least one study. Among them, six lncRNAs were consistently dysregulated in patients with DM (Anril, Hotair, Malat1, Miat, Kcnq1ot1, and Meg3) compared to controls. Moreover, these six lncRNAs participate in several metabolism-related pathways, evidencing their importance in DM. This systematic review suggests six lncRNAs are dysregulated in DM, constituting potential biomarkers of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristine Dieter
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Taís Silveira Assmann
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daisy Crispim
- Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Daisy Crispim,
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35
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Drag MH, Kilpeläinen TO. Cell-free DNA and RNA-measurement and applications in clinical diagnostics with focus on metabolic disorders. Physiol Genomics 2020; 53:33-46. [PMID: 33346689 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00086.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and RNA (cfRNA) hold enormous potential as a new class of biomarkers for the development of noninvasive liquid biopsies in many diseases and conditions. In recent years, cfDNA and cfRNA have been studied intensely as tools for noninvasive prenatal testing, solid organ transplantation, cancer screening, and monitoring of tumors. In obesity, higher cfDNA concentration indicates accelerated cellular turnover of adipocytes during expansion of adipose mass and may be directly involved in the development of adipose tissue insulin resistance by inducing inflammation. Furthermore, cfDNA and cfRNA have promising diagnostic value in a range of obesity-related metabolic disorders, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes, and diabetic complications. Here, we review the current and future applications of cfDNA and cfRNA within clinical diagnostics, discuss technical and analytical challenges in the field, and summarize the opportunities of using cfDNA and cfRNA in the diagnostics and prognostics of obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus H Drag
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tuomas O Kilpeläinen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Thakuri BKC, Zhang J, Zhao J, Nguyen LN, Nguyen LNT, Schank M, Khanal S, Dang X, Cao D, Lu Z, Wu XY, Jiang Y, El Gazzar M, Ning S, Wang L, Moorman JP, Yao ZQ. HCV-Associated Exosomes Upregulate RUNXOR and RUNX1 Expressions to Promote MDSC Expansion and Suppressive Functions through STAT3-miR124 Axis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122715. [PMID: 33353065 PMCID: PMC7766103 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX1 overlapping RNA (RUNXOR) is a long non-coding RNA and plays a pivotal role in the differentiation of myeloid cells via targeting runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1). We and others have previously reported that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) expand and inhibit host immune responses during chronic viral infections; however, the mechanisms responsible for MDSC differentiation and suppressive functions, in particular the role of RUNXOR–RUNX1, remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated that RUNXOR and RUNX1 expressions are significantly upregulated and associated with elevated levels of immunosuppressive molecules, such as arginase 1 (Arg1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MDSCs during chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Mechanistically, we discovered that HCV-associated exosomes (HCV-Exo) can induce the expressions of RUNXOR and RUNX1, which in turn regulates miR-124 expression via STAT3 signaling, thereby promoting MDSC differentiation and suppressive functions. Importantly, overexpression of RUNXOR in healthy CD33+ myeloid cells promoted differentiation and suppressive functions of MDSCs. Conversely, silencing RUNXOR or RUNX1 expression in HCV-derived CD33+ myeloid cells significantly inhibited their differentiation and expressions of suppressive molecules and improved the function of co-cultured autologous CD4 T cells. Taken together, these results indicate that the RUNXOR–RUNX1–STAT3–miR124 axis enhances the differentiation and suppressive functions of MDSCs and could be a potential target for immunomodulation in conjunction with antiviral therapy during chronic HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bal Krishna Chand Thakuri
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA; (B.K.C.T.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.N.N.); (L.N.T.N.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (X.D.); (D.C.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.W.); (Y.J.); (M.E.G.); (S.N.); (L.W.); (J.P.M.)
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA; (B.K.C.T.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.N.N.); (L.N.T.N.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (X.D.); (D.C.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.W.); (Y.J.); (M.E.G.); (S.N.); (L.W.); (J.P.M.)
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Juan Zhao
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA; (B.K.C.T.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.N.N.); (L.N.T.N.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (X.D.); (D.C.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.W.); (Y.J.); (M.E.G.); (S.N.); (L.W.); (J.P.M.)
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Lam N. Nguyen
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA; (B.K.C.T.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.N.N.); (L.N.T.N.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (X.D.); (D.C.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.W.); (Y.J.); (M.E.G.); (S.N.); (L.W.); (J.P.M.)
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Lam N. T. Nguyen
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA; (B.K.C.T.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.N.N.); (L.N.T.N.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (X.D.); (D.C.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.W.); (Y.J.); (M.E.G.); (S.N.); (L.W.); (J.P.M.)
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Madison Schank
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA; (B.K.C.T.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.N.N.); (L.N.T.N.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (X.D.); (D.C.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.W.); (Y.J.); (M.E.G.); (S.N.); (L.W.); (J.P.M.)
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Sushant Khanal
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA; (B.K.C.T.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.N.N.); (L.N.T.N.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (X.D.); (D.C.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.W.); (Y.J.); (M.E.G.); (S.N.); (L.W.); (J.P.M.)
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Xindi Dang
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA; (B.K.C.T.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.N.N.); (L.N.T.N.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (X.D.); (D.C.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.W.); (Y.J.); (M.E.G.); (S.N.); (L.W.); (J.P.M.)
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Dechao Cao
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA; (B.K.C.T.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.N.N.); (L.N.T.N.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (X.D.); (D.C.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.W.); (Y.J.); (M.E.G.); (S.N.); (L.W.); (J.P.M.)
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Zeyuan Lu
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA; (B.K.C.T.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.N.N.); (L.N.T.N.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (X.D.); (D.C.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.W.); (Y.J.); (M.E.G.); (S.N.); (L.W.); (J.P.M.)
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Xiao Y. Wu
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA; (B.K.C.T.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.N.N.); (L.N.T.N.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (X.D.); (D.C.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.W.); (Y.J.); (M.E.G.); (S.N.); (L.W.); (J.P.M.)
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Yong Jiang
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA; (B.K.C.T.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.N.N.); (L.N.T.N.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (X.D.); (D.C.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.W.); (Y.J.); (M.E.G.); (S.N.); (L.W.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Mohamed El Gazzar
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA; (B.K.C.T.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.N.N.); (L.N.T.N.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (X.D.); (D.C.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.W.); (Y.J.); (M.E.G.); (S.N.); (L.W.); (J.P.M.)
| | - Shunbin Ning
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA; (B.K.C.T.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.N.N.); (L.N.T.N.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (X.D.); (D.C.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.W.); (Y.J.); (M.E.G.); (S.N.); (L.W.); (J.P.M.)
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Ling Wang
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA; (B.K.C.T.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.N.N.); (L.N.T.N.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (X.D.); (D.C.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.W.); (Y.J.); (M.E.G.); (S.N.); (L.W.); (J.P.M.)
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Moorman
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA; (B.K.C.T.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.N.N.); (L.N.T.N.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (X.D.); (D.C.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.W.); (Y.J.); (M.E.G.); (S.N.); (L.W.); (J.P.M.)
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Hepatitis (HCV/HBV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Zhi Q. Yao
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA; (B.K.C.T.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.N.N.); (L.N.T.N.); (M.S.); (S.K.); (X.D.); (D.C.); (Z.L.); (X.Y.W.); (Y.J.); (M.E.G.); (S.N.); (L.W.); (J.P.M.)
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, ETSU, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Hepatitis (HCV/HBV/HIV) Program, James H. Quillen VA Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-423-439-8029; Fax: +1-423-439-7010
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Ma X, Liu H, Chen F. Functioning of Long Noncoding RNAs Expressed in Macrophage in the Development of Atherosclerosis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:567582. [PMID: 33381026 PMCID: PMC7768882 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.567582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is part of the pathological process during atherosclerosis (AS). Due to the abundance of monocytes/macrophages within the arterial plaque, monocytes/macrophages have become a critical cellular target in AS studies. In recent decades, a number of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to exert regulatory roles on the macrophage metabolism and macrophage plasticity, consequently promoting or suppressing atherosclerotic inflammation. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of lncRNAs in macrophage biology, highlighting the potential role of lncRNAs in AS based on recent findings, with the aim to identify disease biomarkers and future therapeutic interventions for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xirui Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huifang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengling Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhou D, Wu Y, Wang S, Li J, Luan J. Harnessing noncoding RNA-based macrophage polarization: Emerging therapeutic opportunities for fibrosis. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2020; 8:793-806. [PMID: 33080104 PMCID: PMC7654411 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aim Organ fibrosis is a common pathological outcome of persistent tissue injury correlated with organ failure and death. Although current antifibrotic therapies have led to unprecedented successes, only a minority of patients with fibrosis benefit from these treatments. There is an urgent need to identify new targets and biomarkers that could be exploited in the diagnosis and treatment of fibrosis. Methods Macrophages play a dual role in the fibrogenesis across different organs either by promoting pro‐inflammatory or anti‐inflammatory responses. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been demonstrated to play key roles in macrophage functions by manipulating macrophage polarization. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of ncRNA‐associated macrophage polarization is important to move toward therapeutic interventions. Results In this review, we provide an overview of recent insights into the role of ncRNAs in different fibrotic diseases by modulating macrophage phenotypic plasticity and functional heterogeneity. We also discuss the potential mechanisms of different ncRNAs integrate heterogeneous macrophages in fibrogenesis,including regulatory signatures, networks, and reciprocal interactions. Conclusions A broader understanding of how ncRNA‐directed macrophage phenotype transition in immunity and fibrosis might promote the development of a novel strategy for antifibrotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexi Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China.,School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Non-Coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yilai Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China.,School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Non-Coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China.,School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Non-Coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jiajie Luan
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China.,School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Non-Coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
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Role of epigenetic mechanisms regulated by enhancers and long noncoding RNAs in cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Cardiol 2020; 35:234-241. [PMID: 32205477 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000000728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes and related metabolic disorders increase the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite significant progress in the identification of key mechanisms and genetic polymorphisms linked to various CVDs, the rates of CVDs continue to escalate, underscoring the need to evaluate additional mechanisms for more effective therapies. Environment and lifestyle changes can alter epigenetic mechanisms mediated by histone modifications and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) which play important roles in gene regulation. The review summarizes recent findings on the role of epigenetic mechanisms in CVD. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies identified dysregulated histone modifications and chromatin modifying proteins at cis-regulatory elements, including enhancers/super-enhancers, mediating the expression of genes associated with CVD in vascular and immune cells in response to growth factors and inflammatory mediators. Several lncRNAs have also been reported to contribute to pathological gene expression via cis and trans mechanisms involving interactions with nuclear proteins, co-operation with enhancers/super enhancers and acting as microRNA sponges. SUMMARY Epigenomic approaches in cells affected in CVDs can be exploited to understand the function of genetic polymorphisms at cis-regulatory elements and crosstalk between enhancers and lncRNAs associated with disease susceptibility and progression. The reversible nature of epigenetics provides opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for CVD.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease characterized by lipid retention and inflammation in the artery wall. The retention and oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in sub-endothelial space play a critical role in atherosclerotic plaque formation and destabilization. Oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) and other modified LDL particles are avidly taken up by endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages mainly through several scavenger receptors, including CD36 which is a class B scavenger receptor and membrane glycoprotein. RECENT FINDINGS Animal studies performed on CD36-deficient mice suggest that deficiency of CD36 prevents the development of atherosclerosis, though with some debate. CD36 serves as a signaling hub protein at the crossroad of inflammation, lipid metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism. In addition, the level of soluble CD36 (unattached to cells) in the circulating blood was elevated in patients with atherosclerosis and other metabolic disorders. We performed a state-of-the-art review on the structure, ligands, functions, and regulation of CD36 in the context of atherosclerosis by focusing on the pathological role of CD36 in the dysfunction of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, monocytes/macrophages, and platelets. Finally, we highlight therapeutic possibilities to target CD36 expression/activity in atherosclerosis.
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Hu J, Zhang L, Liechty C, Zgheib C, Hodges MM, Liechty KW, Xu J. Long Noncoding RNA GAS5 Regulates Macrophage Polarization and Diabetic Wound Healing. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:1629-1638. [PMID: 32004569 PMCID: PMC7384923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A central feature of diabetic (Db) wounds is the persistence of chronic inflammation, which is partly due to the prolonged presence of proinflammatory (M1) macrophages. Using in vivo and in vitro analyses, we have tested the hypothesis that long noncoding RNA GAS5 is dysregulated in Db wounds. We have assessed the contribution of GAS5 to the M1 macrophage phenotype, as well as the functional consequences of knocking down its expression. We found that expression of GAS5 is increased significantly in Db wounds and in cells isolated from Db wounds. Hyperglycemia induced GAS5 expression in macrophages in vitro. Overexpression of GAS5 in vitro promoted macrophage polarization toward an M1 phenotype by upregulating signal transducer and activator of transcription 1. Of most significance in our judgment, GAS5 loss-of-function enhanced Db wound healing. These data indicate that the relative level of long noncoding RNA GAS5 in wounds plays a key role in the wound healing response. Reductions in the levels of GAS5 in wounds appeared to enhance healing by promoting transition of M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages. Thus, our results suggest that targeting long noncoding RNA GAS5 may provide a therapeutic intervention for correcting impaired Db wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Hu
- Laboratory for Fetal and Regenerative Biology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Liping Zhang
- Laboratory for Fetal and Regenerative Biology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Cole Liechty
- Laboratory for Fetal and Regenerative Biology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Carlos Zgheib
- Laboratory for Fetal and Regenerative Biology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Maggie M Hodges
- Laboratory for Fetal and Regenerative Biology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kenneth W Liechty
- Laboratory for Fetal and Regenerative Biology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Junwang Xu
- Laboratory for Fetal and Regenerative Biology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.
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Chen Y, Li H, Ding T, Li J, Zhang Y, Wang J, Yang X, Chong T, Long Y, Li X, Gao F, Lyu X. Lnc-M2 controls M2 macrophage differentiation via the PKA/CREB pathway. Mol Immunol 2020; 124:142-152. [PMID: 32563859 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an indispensable role in the process of M1 macrophage via regulating the development of macrophages and their responses to bacterial pathogens and viral infections. However, there are few studies on the lncRNA-mediated functions and regulatory mechanisms of M2 macrophage polarization. In this study, we found a number of differentially expressed lncRNAs between human monocyte derived M0 and M2 macrophages according to array analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) validation. The lncRNA RP11-389C8.2 (we named lnc-M2 in this study) was observed to be highly expressed in M2 macrophages. In Situ Localization and Quantification Analysis showed that lnc-M2 was expressed in the nucleus and cytosolic compartments of M2 macrophages. Notably, lnc-M2 knockdown enhanced the phagocytic ability of M2 macrophages. Ulteriorly, the results of RNA-Protein interaction experiments indicated that protein kinase A (PKA) was a lnc-M2 associated RNA-binding protein (RBP). Western blot showed that phosphorylated cAMP response element binding protein (p-CREB), a well-known key downstream transcription factor of PKA, was lowly phosphorylated in lnc-M2-silencing M2 macrophages. Furthermore, we found that transcriptional factor Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 3 (STAT3) promoted lnc-M2 transcription along with the up-regulation of epigenetic histone modification markers at the lnc-M2 promoter locus, indicating that STAT3 activated lnc-M2 and eventually facilitated the process of M2 macrophage differentiation via the PKA/CREB pathway. Collectively, our date provide evidence that the transcription factor STAT3 can promote the transcription of lnc-M2 and facilitated the process of M2 macrophage differentiation via the PKA/CREB pathway. This study highlights a novel mechanism underlying the M2 macrophage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Center for Clinical Research and Innovation (CCRI), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China; Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanzhao Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Center for Clinical Research and Innovation (CCRI), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tengteng Ding
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Center for Clinical Research and Innovation (CCRI), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinbang Li
- Department of Pathology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Yuanbin Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Center for Clinical Research and Innovation (CCRI), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Center for Clinical Research and Innovation (CCRI), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Center for Clinical Research and Innovation (CCRI), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tuotuo Chong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Center for Clinical Research and Innovation (CCRI), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yufei Long
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Center for Clinical Research and Innovation (CCRI), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Center for Clinical Research and Innovation (CCRI), Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering and Gastroenterology Research Unit, Enteric Neuroscience Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Xiaoming Lyu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Xu C, Zhou X, Xie T, Zhou Y, Zhang Q, Jiang S, Zhang R, Liao L, Dong J. Renal tubular Bim mediates the tubule-podocyte crosstalk via NFAT2 to induce podocyte cytoskeletal dysfunction. Theranostics 2020; 10:6806-6824. [PMID: 32550905 PMCID: PMC7295056 DOI: 10.7150/thno.43145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is mainly regarded as diabetic glomerulopathy, and its progression is tightly correlated with tubular epithelial lesions. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms linking tubular damage and glomerulopathy are poorly understood. Methods: We previously reported that the upregulation of Bim mediated proximal tubular epithelial cell (PTEC) apoptosis and was crucial in the early stages of DN. Herein we modulated Bim expression in PTECs and subsequently determined podocyte (PC) cytoskeletal arrangement by building a Transwell co-culture system in high glucose (HG). Results: Compared to normal glucose, exposure to 40 mM of HG for 48 h induced significant expression of Bim in PTECs and disorganization in the PC cytoskeleton. When cocultured with PTECs in HG, exacerbated filamentous actin (F-actin) rearrangement and reduced synaptopodin levels were detected in PCs. In contrast, gene knockdown of Bim in PTECs was correlated with the absence of PC cytoskeletal disorganization. NFAT2 level and its nuclear translocation in PTECs were decreased by suppressing Bim expression. Upregulating NFAT2 disrupted the beneficial effects on F-actin organization in PCs obtained by inhibiting Bim. LncRNA microarray analysis identified NONHSAT179542.1, which was implicated in Bim-mediated PC cytoskeletal disorder. Conclusion: Our study clarified the functional role of Bim, a pro-apoptotic factor, which is involved in the crosstalk between PTECs and PCs. Bim promotes NFAT2 activation in PTECs, inducing the downregulation of lncRNA NONHSAT179542.1 in PCs, contributing to the cytoskeletal damage. Identification of the role of the Bim/NFAT2 pathway may represent a promising research direction for a better understanding of DN development.
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Zhou J, Li Z, Wu T, Zhao Q, Zhao Q, Cao Y. LncGBP9/miR-34a axis drives macrophages toward a phenotype conducive for spinal cord injury repair via STAT1/STAT6 and SOCS3. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:134. [PMID: 32345320 PMCID: PMC7187522 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01805-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute spinal cord injury (SCI) could cause mainly two types of pathological sequelae, the primary mechanical injury, and the secondary injury. The macrophage in SCI are skewed toward the M1 phenotype that might cause the failure to post-SCI repair. Methods SCI model was established in Balb/c mice, and the changes in macrophage phenotypes after SCI were monitored. Bioinformatic analyses were performed to select factors that might regulate macrophage polarization after SCI. Mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were isolated, identified, and induced for M1 or M2 polarization; the effects of lncRNA guanylate binding protein-9 (lncGBP9) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) on macrophages polarization were examined in vitro and in vivo. The predicted miR-34a binding to lncGBP9 and SOCS3 was validated; the dynamic effects of lncGBP9 and miR-34a on SOCS3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1)/STAT6 signaling, and macrophage polarization were examined. Finally, we investigated whether STAT6 could bind the miR-34a promoter to activate its transcription. Results In SCI Balb/c mice, macrophage skewing toward M1 phenotypes was observed after SCI. In M1 macrophages, lncGBP9 silencing significantly decreased p-STAT1 and SOCS3 expression and protein levels, as well as the production of Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-12; in M2 macrophages, lncGBP9 overexpression increased SOCS3 mRNA expression and protein levels while suppressed p-STAT6 levels and the production of IL-10 and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), indicating that lncGBP9 overexpression promotes the M1 polarization of macrophages. In lncGBP9-silenced SCI mice, the M2 polarization was promoted on day 28 after the operation, further indicating that lncGBP9 silencing revised the predominance of M1 phenotype at the late stage of secondary injury after SCI, therefore improving the repair after SCI. IncGBP9 competed with SOCS3 for miR-34a binding to counteract miR-34a-mediated suppression on SOCS3 and then modulated STAT1/STAT6 signaling and the polarization of macrophages. STAT6 bound the promoter of miR-34a to activate its transcription. Conclusions In macrophages, lncGBP9 sponges miR-34a to rescue SOCS3 expression, therefore modulating macrophage polarization through STAT1/STAT6 signaling. STAT6 bound the promoter of miR-34a to activate its transcription, thus forming two different regulatory loops to modulate the phenotype of macrophages after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zhiyue Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Tianding Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR of China
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Qiancheng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR of China.
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Pei W, Zhang Y, Li X, Luo M, Chen T, Zhang M, Zhong M, Lv K. LncRNA AK085865 depletion ameliorates asthmatic airway inflammation by modulating macrophage polarization. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106450. [PMID: 32247269 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that regulators of macrophages polarization may play a key role in the development of allergic asthma (AA). However, the exact role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in regulating in macrophages polarization in the pathogenesis of dermatophagoides farinae protein 1(Der f1)-induced AA is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the function of lncRNA AK085865 in regulating macrophages in AA. Here we report that lncRNA AK085865 served as a critical regulator of macrophages polarization and reduced the pathological progress of asthmatic airway inflammation. In response to the challenge of Der f1, AK085865-/- mice displayed attenuated allergic airway inflammation, including decreased eosinophil in BALF and reduced production of IgE, which were associated with decreased mucous glands and goblet cell hyperplasia. In addition, Der f1-treated AK085865-/- mice show fewer M2 macrophages when compared with WT asthmatic mice. After adopting bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM, M0) from WT mice, Der f1-treated AK085865-/- mice also revealed a light inflammatory reactions. We further observed that the percentage of type II innate immune lymphoid cells (ILC2s) decreased in AK085865-/- asthmatic mice. Moreover, M2 macrophages helped promote the differentiation of ILC2s, probably through the exosomal pathway secreted by M2 macrophages. Taken together, these findings reveal that AK085865 depletion can ameliorate asthmatic airway inflammation by modulating macrophage polarization and M2 macrophages can promote the differentiation of innate lymphoid cells progenitor (ILCP) into ILC2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiya Pei
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, PR China; Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, PR China; Department of Laboratory Medicine (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, PR China
| | - Xueqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, PR China; Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Mengsha Luo
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, PR China; Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Tianbing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, PR China; Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Mengying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, PR China; Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Min Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, PR China; Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Kun Lv
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, PR China; Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China.
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Qiu N, Xu X, He Y. LncRNA TUG1 alleviates sepsis-induced acute lung injury by targeting miR-34b-5p/GAB1. BMC Pulm Med 2020; 20:49. [PMID: 32087725 PMCID: PMC7036216 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-1084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the injury of alveolar epithelium and pulmonary endothelial cells. This study aimed to investigate the regulation of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) taurine up-regulated gene 1 (TUG1) in a murine ALI model and in primary murine pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods Adult C57BL/6 mice were intravenously injected with or without TUG1-expressiong adenoviral vector or control vector 1 week before the establishment of ALI model. PMVECs were transfected with TUG1-expressiong or control vectors followed by LPS stimulation. MiR-34b-5p was confirmed as a target of TUG1 using dual-luciferase reporter assay. GRB2 associated binding protein 1 (GAB1) was confirmed as a downstream target of miR-34b-5p using the same method. In the rescue experiment, PMVECs were co-transfected with TUG1-expressing vector and miR-34b-5p mimics (or control mimics) 24 h before LPS treatment. Results ALI mice showed reduced levels of TUG1, pulmonary injury, and induced apoptosis and inflammation compared to the control group. The overexpression of TUG1 in ALI mice ameliorated sepsis-induced pulmonary injury, apoptosis and inflammation. TUG1 also showed protective effect in LPS-treated PMVECs. The expression of MiR-34b-5p was negatively correlated with the level of TUG1. TUG1-supressed apoptosis and inflammation in LPS-stimulated PMVECs were restored by miR-34b-5p overexpression. GAB1 was inversely regulated by miR-34b-5p but was positively correlated with TUG1 expression. Conclusion TUG1 alleviated sepsis-induced inflammation and apoptosis via targeting miR-34b-5p and GAB1. These findings suggested that TUG1 might be served as a therapeutic potential for the treatment of sepsis-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Qiu
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang City, No. 1 Baoshan South Road, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China.
| | - Xinmei Xu
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang City, No. 1 Baoshan South Road, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yingying He
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang City, No. 1 Baoshan South Road, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China
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Kato M, Natarajan R. Epigenetics and epigenomics in diabetic kidney disease and metabolic memory. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 15:327-345. [PMID: 30894700 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-019-0135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a highly prevalent complication of diabetes mellitus, are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. DKD is an important contributor to the morbidity of patients with diabetes mellitus, indicating a clear need for an improved understanding of disease aetiology to inform the development of more efficacious treatments. DKD is characterized by an accumulation of extracellular matrix, hypertrophy and fibrosis in kidney glomerular and tubular cells. Increasing evidence shows that genes associated with these features of DKD are regulated not only by classical signalling pathways but also by epigenetic mechanisms involving chromatin histone modifications, DNA methylation and non-coding RNAs. These mechanisms can respond to changes in the environment and, importantly, might mediate the persistent long-term expression of DKD-related genes and phenotypes induced by prior glycaemic exposure despite subsequent glycaemic control, a phenomenon called metabolic memory. Detection of epigenetic events during the early stages of DKD could be valuable for timely diagnosis and prompt treatment to prevent progression to end-stage renal disease. Identification of epigenetic signatures of DKD via epigenome-wide association studies might also inform precision medicine approaches. Here, we highlight the emerging role of epigenetics and epigenomics in DKD and the translational potential of candidate epigenetic factors and non-coding RNAs as biomarkers and drug targets for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Kato
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
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Stapleton K, Das S, Reddy MA, Leung A, Amaram V, Lanting L, Chen Z, Zhang L, Palanivel R, Deiuliis JA, Natarajan R. Novel Long Noncoding RNA, Macrophage Inflammation-Suppressing Transcript ( MIST), Regulates Macrophage Activation During Obesity. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:914-928. [PMID: 32078363 PMCID: PMC7098442 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective: Systemic low-grade inflammation associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome is a strong risk factor for the development of diabetes mellitus and associated cardiovascular complications. This inflammatory state is caused by release of proinflammatory cytokines by macrophages, especially in adipose tissue. Long noncoding RNAs regulate macrophage activation and inflammatory gene networks, but their role in macrophage dysfunction during diet-induced obesity has been largely unexplored. Approach and Results: We sequenced total RNA from peritoneal macrophages isolated from mice fed either high-fat diet or standard diet and performed de novo transcriptome assembly to identify novel differentially expressed mRNAs and long noncoding RNAs. A top candidate long noncoding RNA, macrophage inflammation-suppressing transcript (Mist), was downregulated in both peritoneal macrophages and adipose tissue macrophages from high-fat diet–fed mice. GapmeR-mediated Mist knockdown in vitro and in vivo upregulated expression of genes associated with immune response and inflammation and increased modified LDL (low-density lipoprotein) uptake in macrophages. Conversely, Mist overexpression decreased basal and LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-induced expression of inflammatory response genes and decreased modified LDL uptake. RNA-pull down coupled with mass spectrometry showed that Mist interacts with PARP1 (poly [ADP]-ribose polymerase-1). Disruption of this RNA-protein interaction increased PARP1 recruitment and chromatin PARylation at promoters of inflammatory genes, resulting in increased gene expression. Furthermore, human orthologous MIST was also downregulated by proinflammatory stimuli, and its expression in human adipose tissue macrophages inversely correlated with obesity and insulin resistance. Conclusions: Mist is a novel protective long noncoding RNA, and its loss during obesity contributes to metabolic dysfunction and proinflammatory phenotype of macrophages via epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Stapleton
- From the Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolic Research Institute (K.S, S.D., M.A.R., A.L., V.A., L.L., Z.C., L.Z., R.N.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA.,Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences (K.S., V.A., R.N.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Sadhan Das
- From the Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolic Research Institute (K.S, S.D., M.A.R., A.L., V.A., L.L., Z.C., L.Z., R.N.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Marpadga A Reddy
- From the Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolic Research Institute (K.S, S.D., M.A.R., A.L., V.A., L.L., Z.C., L.Z., R.N.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Amy Leung
- From the Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolic Research Institute (K.S, S.D., M.A.R., A.L., V.A., L.L., Z.C., L.Z., R.N.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Vishnu Amaram
- From the Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolic Research Institute (K.S, S.D., M.A.R., A.L., V.A., L.L., Z.C., L.Z., R.N.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA.,Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences (K.S., V.A., R.N.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Linda Lanting
- From the Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolic Research Institute (K.S, S.D., M.A.R., A.L., V.A., L.L., Z.C., L.Z., R.N.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Zhuo Chen
- From the Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolic Research Institute (K.S, S.D., M.A.R., A.L., V.A., L.L., Z.C., L.Z., R.N.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Lingxiao Zhang
- From the Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolic Research Institute (K.S, S.D., M.A.R., A.L., V.A., L.L., Z.C., L.Z., R.N.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Rengasamy Palanivel
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of the Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (R.P., J.A.D.)
| | - Jeffrey A Deiuliis
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of the Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (R.P., J.A.D.)
| | - Rama Natarajan
- From the Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolic Research Institute (K.S, S.D., M.A.R., A.L., V.A., L.L., Z.C., L.Z., R.N.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA.,Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences (K.S., V.A., R.N.), Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
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Li X, Zhang Y, Pei W, Zhang M, Yang H, Zhong M, Kong X, Xu Y, Zhu X, Chen T, Ye J, Lv K. LncRNA Dnmt3aos regulates Dnmt3a expression leading to aberrant DNA methylation in macrophage polarization. FASEB J 2020; 34:5077-5091. [PMID: 32052888 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902379r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play key roles in various biological processes. However, the roles of lncRNAs in macrophage polarization remain largely unexplored. In this study, thousands of lncRNAs were identified that are differentially expressed in distinct polarized bone marrow-derived macrophages. Among them, Dnmt3aos (DNA methyltransferase 3A, opposite strand), as a known lncRNA, locates on the antisense strand of Dnmt3a. Functional experiments further confirmed that Dnmt3aos were highly expressed in M(IL-4) macrophages and participated in the regulation of Dnmt3a expression, and played a key role in macrophage polarization. The DNA methylation profiles between the Dnmt3aos knockdown group and the control group in M(IL-4) macrophages were determined by MeDIP-seq technique for the first time, and the Dnmt3aos-Dnmt3a axis-mediated DNA methylation modification-regulated macrophage polarization- related gene IFN-γ was identified. Our study will help to enrich our knowledge of the mechanism of macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China.,Central Laboratory of Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China.,Laboratory Medicine of Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Weiya Pei
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China.,Central Laboratory of Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Mengying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China.,Central Laboratory of Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China.,Central Laboratory of Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Min Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China.,Central Laboratory of Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Xiang Kong
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China.,Central Laboratory of Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Yang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China.,Central Laboratory of Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China.,Central Laboratory of Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Tianbing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China.,Central Laboratory of Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Jingjing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China.,Central Laboratory of Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Kun Lv
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China.,Central Laboratory of Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, PR China
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Zhang W, Bai Y, Chen Z, Li X, Fu S, Huang L, Lin S, Du H. Comprehensive analysis of long non-coding RNAs and mRNAs in skeletal muscle of diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats during the early stage of type 2 diabetes. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8548. [PMID: 32095365 PMCID: PMC7023842 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were reported to be involved in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, little is known about the mechanism of skeletal muscle lncRNAs on hyperglycemia of diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats at the age of 3 and 4 weeks. To elucidate this, we used RNA-sequencing to profile the skeletal muscle transcriptomes including lncRNAs and mRNAs, in diabetic GK and control Wistar rats at the age of 3 and 4 weeks. In total, there were 438 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEGs) and 401 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) in skeletal muscle of 3-week-old GK rats compared with age-matched Wistar rats, and 1000 DEGs and 726 DELs between GK rats and Wistar rats at 4 weeks of age. The protein–protein interaction analysis of overlapping DEGs between 3 and 4 weeks, the correlation analysis of DELs and DEGs, as well as the prediction of target DEGs of DELs showed that these DEGs (Pdk4, Stc2, Il15, Fbxw7 and Ucp3) might play key roles in hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, and increased fatty acid oxidation. Considering the corresponding co-expressed DELs with high correlation coefficients or targeted DELs of these DEGs, our study indicated that these dysregulated lncRNA-mRNA pairs (NONRATG017315.2-Pdk4, NONRATG003318.2-Stc2, NONRATG011882.2-Il15, NONRATG013497.2-Fbxw7, MSTRG.1662-Ucp3) might be related to above biological processes in GK rats at the age of 3 and 4 weeks. Our study could provide more comprehensive knowledge of mRNAs and lncRNAs in skeletal muscle of GK rats at 3 and 4 weeks of age. And our study may provide deeper understanding of the underlying mechanism in T2D of GK rats at the age of 3 and 4 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Zhang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunmeng Bai
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zixi Chen
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingsong Li
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuying Fu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lizhen Huang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shudai Lin
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongli Du
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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