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Chernysheva МB, Ruchko ЕS, Karimova МV, Vorotelyak ЕA, Vasiliev АV. Development, regeneration, and physiological expansion of functional β-cells: Cellular sources and regulators. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1424278. [PMID: 39045459 PMCID: PMC11263198 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1424278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic regeneration is a complex process observed in both normal and pathological conditions. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the emergence of a functionally active population of insulin-secreting β-cells in the adult pancreas. The renewal of β-cells is governed by a multifaceted interaction between cellular sources of genetic and epigenetic factors. Understanding the development and heterogeneity of β-cell populations is crucial for functional β-cell regeneration. The functional mass of pancreatic β-cells increases in situations such as pregnancy and obesity. However, the specific markers of mature β-cell populations and postnatal pancreatic progenitors capable of increasing self-reproduction in these conditions remain to be elucidated. The capacity to regenerate the β-cell population through various pathways, including the proliferation of pre-existing β-cells, β-cell neogenesis, differentiation of β-cells from a population of progenitor cells, and transdifferentiation of non-β-cells into β-cells, reveals crucial molecular mechanisms for identifying cellular sources and inducers of functional cell renewal. This provides an opportunity to identify specific cellular sources and mechanisms of regeneration, which could have clinical applications in treating various pathologies, including in vitro cell-based technologies, and deepen our understanding of regeneration in different physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- М. B. Chernysheva
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Е. S. Ruchko
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - М. V. Karimova
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, The Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Е. A. Vorotelyak
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - А. V. Vasiliev
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
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Gu G, Brown M, Agan V, Nevills S, Hu R, Simmons A, Xu Y, Yang Y, Yagan M, Najam S, Dadi P, Sampson L, Magnuson M, Jacobson D, Lau K, Hodges E. Endocrine islet β-cell subtypes with differential function are derived from biochemically distinct embryonic endocrine islet progenitors that are regulated by maternal nutrients. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3946483. [PMID: 38496675 PMCID: PMC10942487 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3946483/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Endocrine islet b cells comprise heterogenous cell subsets. Yet when/how these subsets are produced and how stable they are remain unknown. Addressing these questions is important for preventing/curing diabetes, because lower numbers of b cells with better secretory function is a high risk of this disease. Using combinatorial cell lineage tracing, scRNA-seq, and DNA methylation analysis, we show here that embryonic islet progenitors with distinct gene expression and DNA methylation produce b-cell subtypes of different function and viability in adult mice. The subtype with better function is enriched for genes involved in vesicular production/trafficking, stress response, and Ca2+-secretion coupling, which further correspond to differential DNA methylation in putative enhancers of these genes. Maternal overnutrition, a major diabetes risk factor, reduces the proportion of endocrine progenitors of the b-cell subtype with better-function via deregulating DNA methyl transferase 3a. Intriguingly, the gene signature that defines mouse b-cell subtypes can reliably divide human cells into two sub-populations while the proportion of b cells with better-function is reduced in diabetic donors. The implication of these results is that modulating DNA methylation in islet progenitors using maternal food supplements can be explored to improve b-cell function in the prevention and therapy of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yilin Yang
- Vanderbilty University School of Medicine
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Yasuda T, Harada N. Effects of nutrient metabolism on pancreatic β-cell mass and function: Recent findings. J Diabetes Investig 2023; 14:1234-1236. [PMID: 37424266 PMCID: PMC10583648 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This article summarizes recent findings on the effects of nutrients on pancreatic ß-cell mass and function. Further studies are expected to facilitate the prevention of the onset and treatment of diabetes by nutritional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Yasuda
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Norio Harada
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
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Zhang Z, Li M, Sun T, Zhang Z, Liu C. FOXM1: Functional Roles of FOXM1 in Non-Malignant Diseases. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050857. [PMID: 37238726 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box (FOX) proteins are a wing-like helix family of transcription factors in the DNA-binding region. By mediating the activation and inhibition of transcription and interactions with all kinds of transcriptional co-regulators (MuvB complexes, STAT3, β-catenin, etc.), they play significant roles in carbohydrate and fat metabolism, biological aging and immune regulation, development, and diseases in mammals. Recent studies have focused on translating these essential findings into clinical applications in order to improve quality of life, investigating areas such as diabetes, inflammation, and pulmonary fibrosis, and increase human lifespan. Early studies have shown that forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) functions as a key gene in pathological processes in multiple diseases by regulating genes related to proliferation, the cell cycle, migration, and apoptosis and genes related to diagnosis, therapy, and injury repair. Although FOXM1 has long been studied in relation to human diseases, its role needs to be elaborated on. FOXM1 expression is involved in the development or repair of multiple diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonia, diabetes, liver injury repair, adrenal lesions, vascular diseases, brain diseases, arthritis, myasthenia gravis, and psoriasis. The complex mechanisms involve multiple signaling pathways, such as WNT/β-catenin, STAT3/FOXM1/GLUT1, c-Myc/FOXM1, FOXM1/SIRT4/NF-κB, and FOXM1/SEMA3C/NRP2/Hedgehog. This paper reviews the key roles and functions of FOXM1 in kidney, vascular, lung, brain, bone, heart, skin, and blood vessel diseases to elucidate the role of FOXM1 in the development and progression of human non-malignant diseases and makes suggestions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Mengxi Li
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Tian Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
- Medical Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Zhengrong Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
- Medical Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
- Medical Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
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5
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Peng W, Zhu T, Xiang G, Ding T, Zhao J, Xiong D, Zhong Y, Zhang Y. Identification of signalling downstream of the transcription factor forkhead box protein M1 that protects against endoplasmic reticulum stress in a diabetic foot ulcer model. Diabet Med 2023; 40:e15051. [PMID: 36692102 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) has a significant impact on the quality of life of diabetic mellitus (DM) patients. Here, we aimed to explore the molecules with aberrant expression and their regulatory mechanisms in DFU. METHODS The expression of gene and protein was examined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to analyse interactions among FOXM1, GAS5 and SDF4. Immunofluorescence was used to detect PDI and GRP78 expression. Flow cytometry was used to assess cell apoptosis. Tube formation assay was used to determine angiogenic capacity. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay was employed to determine the cellular localization of GAS5 and SDF4 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The interactions among FOXM1, GAS5 and SDF4 were validated by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), luciferase, RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. RESULTS FOXM1, GAS5 and SDF4 were decreased in the skin tissues of DFU patients. High glucose (HG) stimulation induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and cell apoptosis but suppressed angiogenesis in HUVECs, which were abolished by FOXM1 overexpression. FOXM1 promoted GAS5 transcriptional activity, resulting in increased GAS5 expression, and GAS5 knockdown reversed the effects of FOXM1 overexpression in HG-treated HUVECs. Moreover, GAS5 recruited TAF15 to promote SDF4 expression in HUVECs. GAS5 overexpression inhibited ER stress, cell apoptosis and induced angiogenesis in HG-treated HUVECs which could be reversed by silencing SDF4. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that FOXM1 suppressed ER stress, cell apoptosis and promoted angiogenesis in HG-induced HUVECs via mediating GAS5/TAF15/SDF4 axis, providing a novel therapeutic molecule mechanism for DFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Peng
- Department of Endocrine, Yiyang Central Hospital, Yiyang, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Department of Endocrine, Yiyang Central Hospital, Yiyang, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Guangda Xiang
- Department of Endocrine, Central Theater General Hospital of PLA, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Ting Ding
- Department of Endocrine, Yiyang Central Hospital, Yiyang, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Endocrine, Yiyang Central Hospital, Yiyang, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Dan Xiong
- Department of Endocrine, Yiyang Central Hospital, Yiyang, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yaqin Zhong
- Department of Endocrine, Yiyang Central Hospital, Yiyang, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Youqi Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Yiyang Central Hospital, Yiyang, Hunan, P.R. China
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Peng G, Mosleh E, Yuhas A, Katada K, Cherry C, Golson ML. FOXM1 acts sexually dimorphically to regulate functional β-cell mass. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.12.523673. [PMID: 36711451 PMCID: PMC9882186 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.12.523673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor FOXM1 regulates β-cell proliferation and insulin secretion. Our previous work demonstrates that expressing an activated form of FOXM1 (FOXM1*) in β cells increases β-cell proliferation and mass in aged male mice. Additionally, FOXM1* enhances β-cell function even in young mice, in which no β-cell mass elevation occurs. Here, we demonstrate that FOXM1 acts in a sexually dimorphic manner in the β cell. Expression of FOXM1* in female mouse β cells does not affect β-cell proliferation or glucose tolerance. Transduction of male but not female human islets with FOXM1* enhances insulin secretion in response to elevated glucose. Estrogen contributes to diabetes susceptibility differences between males and females, and the estrogen receptor (ER)α is the primary mediator of β-cell estrogen signaling. We show that FOXM1* can rescue impaired glucose tolerance in female mice with a pancreas-wide ERα deletion. Further, FOXM1 and ERα binding sites overlap with each other and with other β-cell-enriched transcription factors, including ISL1, PAX6, MAF, and GATA. These data indicate that FOMX1 and ERα cooperate to regulate β-cell function and suggest a general mechanism contributing to the lower incidence of diabetes observed in women.
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Wang P, Karakose E, Argmann C, Wang H, Balev M, Brody RI, Rivas HG, Liu X, Wood O, Liu H, Choleva L, Hasson D, Bernstein E, Paulo JA, Scott DK, Lambertini L, DeCaprio JA, Stewart AF. Disrupting the DREAM complex enables proliferation of adult human pancreatic β cells. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e157086. [PMID: 35700053 PMCID: PMC9337832 DOI: 10.1172/jci157086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to regeneration of insulin-producing pancreatic β cells is a fundamental challenge for type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Recently, small molecule inhibitors of the kinase DYRK1A have proven effective in inducing adult human β cells to proliferate, but their detailed mechanism of action is incompletely understood. We interrogated our human insulinoma and β cell transcriptomic databases seeking to understand why β cells in insulinomas proliferate, while normal β cells do not. This search reveals the DREAM complex as a central regulator of quiescence in human β cells. The DREAM complex consists of a module of transcriptionally repressive proteins that assemble in response to DYRK1A kinase activity, thereby inducing and maintaining cellular quiescence. In the absence of DYRK1A, DREAM subunits reassemble into the pro-proliferative MMB complex. Here, we demonstrate that small molecule DYRK1A inhibitors induce human β cells to replicate by converting the repressive DREAM complex to its pro-proliferative MMB conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Diabetes Obesity Metabolism Institute
- Department of Medicine, and
| | - Esra Karakose
- Diabetes Obesity Metabolism Institute
- Department of Medicine, and
| | - Carmen Argmann
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Rachel I. Brody
- Department of Pathology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hembly G. Rivas
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Olivia Wood
- Diabetes Obesity Metabolism Institute
- Department of Medicine, and
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Diabetes Obesity Metabolism Institute
- Department of Medicine, and
| | - Lauryn Choleva
- Diabetes Obesity Metabolism Institute
- Department of Pediatrics
| | - Dan Hasson
- The Tisch Cancer Institute
- Department of Oncological Sciences
- Bioinformatics for Next Generation Sequencing (BiNGS) Shared Resource Facility, and
| | - Emily Bernstein
- The Tisch Cancer Institute
- Department of Oncological Sciences
- The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joao A. Paulo
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Donald K. Scott
- Diabetes Obesity Metabolism Institute
- Department of Medicine, and
| | - Luca Lambertini
- Diabetes Obesity Metabolism Institute
- Department of Medicine, and
| | - James A. DeCaprio
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Yang EJ, Park JH, Cho HJ, Hwang JA, Woo SH, Park CH, Kim SY, Park JT, Park SC, Hwang D, Lee YS. Co-inhibition of ATM and ROCK synergistically improves cell proliferation in replicative senescence by activating FOXM1 and E2F1. Commun Biol 2022; 5:702. [PMID: 35835838 PMCID: PMC9283421 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifaceted nature of senescent cell cycle arrest necessitates the targeting of multiple factors arresting or promoting the cell cycle. We report that co-inhibition of ATM and ROCK by KU-60019 and Y-27632, respectively, synergistically increases the proliferation of human diploid fibroblasts undergoing replicative senescence through activation of the transcription factors E2F1 and FOXM1. Time-course transcriptome analysis identified FOXM1 and E2F1 as crucial factors promoting proliferation. Co-inhibition of the kinases ATM and ROCK first promotes the G2/M transition via FOXM1 activation, leading to accumulation of cells undergoing the G1/S transition via E2F1 activation. The combination of both inhibitors increased this effect more significantly than either inhibitor alone, suggesting synergism. Our results demonstrate a FOXM1- and E2F1-mediated molecular pathway enhancing cell cycle progression in cells with proliferative potential under replicative senescence conditions, and treatment with the inhibitors can be tested for senomorphic effect in vivo. Inhibitors to ATM and ROCK kinases increases the proliferation via transcriptional changes in human diploid fibroblasts undergoing replicative senescence in a synergistic manner
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jae Yang
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hwan Park
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Cho
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-A Hwang
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwa Woo
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Hyun Park
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Joon Tae Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Park
- Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea. .,The Future Life & Society Research Center, Advanced Institute of Aging Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61469, Republic of Korea.
| | - Daehee Hwang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Sam Lee
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea. .,Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea. .,New Biology Research Center, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
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Kohata M, Imai J, Izumi T, Yamamoto J, Kawana Y, Endo A, Sugawara H, Seiko J, Kubo H, Kawamura H, Sato T, Osaka S, Munakata Y, Asai Y, Kodama S, Takahashi K, Kaneko K, Katagiri H. Roles of FoxM1-driven basal β-cell proliferation in maintenance of β-cell mass and glucose tolerance during adulthood. J Diabetes Investig 2022; 13:1666-1676. [PMID: 35633298 PMCID: PMC9533047 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Whether basal β‐cell proliferation during adulthood is involved in maintaining sufficient β‐cell mass, and if so, the molecular mechanism(s) underlying basal β‐cell proliferation remain unclear. FoxM1 is a critical transcription factor which is known to play roles in ‘adaptive’ β‐cell proliferation, which facilitates rapid increases in β‐cell mass in response to increased insulin demands. Therefore, herein we focused on the roles of β‐cell FoxM1 in ‘basal’ β‐cell proliferation under normal conditions and in the maintenance of sufficient β‐cell mass as well as glucose homeostasis during adulthood. Materials and Methods FoxM1 deficiency was induced specifically in β‐cells of 8‐week‐old mice, followed by analyzing its short‐ (2 weeks) and long‐ (10 months) term effects on β‐cell proliferation, β‐cell mass, and glucose tolerance. Results FoxM1 deficiency suppressed β‐cell proliferation at both ages, indicating critical roles of FoxM1 in basal β‐cell proliferation throughout adulthood. While short‐term FoxM1 deficiency affected neither β‐cell mass nor glucose tolerance, long‐term FoxM1 deficiency suppressed β‐cell mass increases with impaired insulin secretion, thereby worsening glucose tolerance. In contrast, the insulin secretory function was not impaired in islets isolated from mice subjected to long‐term β‐cell FoxM1 deficiency. Therefore, β‐cell mass reduction is the primary cause of impaired insulin secretion and deterioration of glucose tolerance due to long‐term β‐cell FoxM1 deficiency. Conclusions Basal low‐level proliferation of β‐cells during adulthood is important for maintaining sufficient β‐cell mass and good glucose tolerance and β‐cell FoxM1 underlies this mechanism. Preserving β‐cell FoxM1 activity may prevent the impairment of glucose tolerance with advancing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kohata
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Junta Imai
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomohito Izumi
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-8575, Japan
| | - June Yamamoto
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yohei Kawana
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Akira Endo
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroto Sugawara
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Juno Seiko
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroharu Kubo
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawamura
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sato
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Osaka
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Munakata
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Asai
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Kodama
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kei Takahashi
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keizo Kaneko
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hideki Katagiri
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 980-8575, Japan
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10
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Ouchi Y, Sahu SK, Izpisua Belmonte JC. FOXM1 delays senescence and extends lifespan. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:373-374. [PMID: 37118068 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00222-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Ouchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
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11
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Mass spectrometry-based direct detection of multiple types of protein thiol modifications in pancreatic beta cells under endoplasmic reticulum stress. Redox Biol 2021; 46:102111. [PMID: 34425387 PMCID: PMC8379693 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiol-based post-translational modifications (PTMs) play a key role in redox-dependent regulation and signaling. Functional cysteine (Cys) sites serve as redox switches, regulated through multiple types of PTMs. Herein, we aim to characterize the complexity of thiol PTMs at the proteome level through the establishment of a direct detection workflow. The LC-MS/MS based workflow allows for simultaneous quantification of protein abundances and multiple types of thiol PTMs. To demonstrate its utility, the workflow was applied to mouse pancreatic β-cells (β-TC-6) treated with thapsigargin to induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This resulted in the quantification of >9000 proteins and multiple types of thiol PTMs, including intra-peptide disulfide (S–S), S-glutathionylation (SSG), S-sulfinylation (SO2H), S-sulfonylation (SO3H), S-persulfidation (SSH), and S-trisulfidation (SSSH). Proteins with significant changes in abundance were observed to be involved in canonical pathways such as autophagy, unfolded protein response, protein ubiquitination pathway, and EIF2 signaling. Moreover, ~500 Cys sites were observed with one or multiple types of PTMs with SSH and S–S as the predominant types of modifications. In many cases, significant changes in the levels of different PTMs were observed on various enzymes and their active sites, while their protein abundance exhibited little change. These results provide evidence of independent translational and post-translational regulation of enzyme activity. The observed complexity of thiol modifications on the same Cys residues illustrates the challenge in the characterization and interpretation of protein thiol modifications and their functional regulation. Simultaneous quantification of protein abundances and multiple types of thiol PTMs. Multiple types PTMs observed on the same Cys sites for redox-regulated proteins. Data revealed complexity of thiol PTMs and their regulation. Distinctive translational and post-translational regulation under ER stress in β-cells.
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12
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Forkhead Transcription Factors in Health and Disease. Trends Genet 2021; 37:460-475. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kumar K, Suebsuwong C, Wang P, Garcia-Ocana A, Stewart AF, DeVita RJ. DYRK1A Inhibitors as Potential Therapeutics for β-Cell Regeneration for Diabetes. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2901-2922. [PMID: 33682417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 422 million people are suffering from diabetes worldwide. Current diabetes therapies are focused on optimizing blood glucose control to prevent long-term diabetes complications. Unfortunately, current therapies have failed to achieve glycemic targets in the majority of people with diabetes. In this context, regeneration of functional insulin-producing human β-cells in people with diabetes through the use of DYRK1A inhibitor drugs has recently received special attention. Several small molecule DYRK1A inhibitors have been identified that induce human β-cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, DYRK1A inhibitors have also been shown to synergize β-cell proliferation with other classes of drugs, such as TGFβ inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists. In this perspective, we review the status of DYRK1A as a therapeutic target for β-cell proliferation and provide perspectives on technical and scientific challenges for future translational development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Kumar
- Drug Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Chalada Suebsuwong
- Drug Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Peng Wang
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Adolfo Garcia-Ocana
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Andrew F Stewart
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Robert J DeVita
- Drug Discovery Institute and Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
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14
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Petrenko V, Stolovich-Rain M, Vandereycken B, Giovannoni L, Storch KF, Dor Y, Chera S, Dibner C. The core clock transcription factor BMAL1 drives circadian β-cell proliferation during compensatory regeneration of the endocrine pancreas. Genes Dev 2020; 34:1650-1665. [PMID: 33184223 PMCID: PMC7706703 DOI: 10.1101/gad.343137.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clocks in pancreatic islets participate in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Here we examined the role of these timekeepers in β-cell regeneration after the massive ablation of β cells by doxycycline-induced expression of diphtheria toxin A (DTA) in Insulin-rtTA/TET-DTA mice. Since we crossed reporter genes expressing α- and β-cell-specific fluorescent proteins into these mice, we could follow the fate of α- and β cells separately. As expected, DTA induction resulted in an acute hyperglycemia, which was accompanied by dramatic changes in gene expression in residual β cells. In contrast, only temporal alterations of gene expression were observed in α cells. Interestingly, β cells entered S phase preferentially during the nocturnal activity phase, indicating that the diurnal rhythm also plays a role in the orchestration of β-cell regeneration. Indeed, in arrhythmic Bmal1-deficient mice, which lack circadian clocks, no compensatory β-cell proliferation was observed, and the β-cell ablation led to aggravated hyperglycemia, hyperglucagonemia, and fatal diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Petrenko
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Patient Education, Department of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Miri Stolovich-Rain
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Bart Vandereycken
- Section of Mathematics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurianne Giovannoni
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Patient Education, Department of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kai-Florian Storch
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Yuval Dor
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Simona Chera
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Charna Dibner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Patient Education, Department of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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15
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Allegretti PA, Horton TM, Abdolazimi Y, Moeller HP, Yeh B, Caffet M, Michel G, Smith M, Annes JP. Generation of highly potent DYRK1A-dependent inducers of human β-Cell replication via Multi-Dimensional compound optimization. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115193. [PMID: 31757680 PMCID: PMC6941846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Small molecule stimulation of β-cell regeneration has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for diabetes. Although chemical inhibition of dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) is sufficient to enhance β-cell replication, current lead compounds have inadequate cellular potency for in vivo application. Herein, we report the clinical stage anti-cancer kinase inhibitor OTS167 as a structurally novel, remarkably potent DYRK1A inhibitor and inducer of human β-cell replication. Unfortunately, OTS167's target promiscuity and cytotoxicity curtails utility. To tailor kinase selectivity towards DYRK1A and reduce cytotoxicity we designed a library of fifty-one OTS167 derivatives based upon a modeled structure of the DYRK1A-OTS167 complex. Indeed, derivative characterization yielded several leads with exceptional DYRK1A inhibition and human β-cell replication promoting potencies but substantially reduced cytotoxicity. These compounds are the most potent human β-cell replication-promoting compounds yet described and exemplify the potential to purposefully leverage off-target activities of advanced stage compounds for a desired application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Allegretti
- Department of Medicine and Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Timothy M Horton
- Department of Medicine and Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yassan Abdolazimi
- Department of Medicine and Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hannah P Moeller
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine and Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Benjamin Yeh
- Department of Medicine and Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthew Caffet
- Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Guillermina Michel
- Department of Medicine and Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mark Smith
- Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Justin P Annes
- Department of Medicine and Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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16
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Abstract
Diabetes is a major worldwide health problem which results from the loss and/or dysfunction of pancreatic insulin-producing β cells in the pancreas. Therefore, there is great interest in understanding the endogenous capacity of β cells to regenerate under normal or pathological conditions, with the goal of restoring functional β cell mass in patients with diabetes. Here, we summarize the current status of β cell regeneration research, which has been broadly divided into three in vivo mechanisms: 1. proliferation of existing β cells; 2. neogenesis of β cells from adult ductal progenitors; and 3. transdifferentiation of other cell types into β cells. We discuss the evidence and controversies for each mechanism in mice and humans, as well as the prospect of using these approaches for the treatment of diabetes.
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17
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Choi YW, Nam GE, Kim YH, Yoon JE, Park JH, Kim JH, Kang SY, Park TJ. Abrogation of B-Raf V600E induced senescence by FoxM1 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:866-871. [PMID: 31270027 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
B-RafV600E oncogene mutation occurs in various cancers and is associated with tumor initiation. However, genetic modification of B-RafV600E in cells induces MAPK activation and results in oncogene-induced senescence. Overcoming the oncogene-induced senescence by B-RafV600E requires activation of another oncogene pathway, such as AKT signaling. In the present study, we explored the factors involved in overcoming the senescence program in cells activated by B-RafV600E and AKT signaling. B-RafV600E activation caused a feedback inhibition of AKT phosphorylation and resulted in downregulation of FoxM1, one of the AKT downstream components. AKT activation by PTEN downregulation induced FoxM1 expression, and co-expression of B-RafV600E and FoxM1 overcame the cellular senescence. These observations suggested that FoxM1 is critical downstream gene of AKT and functions to overcome B-RafV600E-induced senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Won Choi
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea
| | - Ga Eun Nam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea
| | - Young Hwa Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea
| | - Jung Eun Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea
| | - Ji Hee Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea
| | - Jang Hee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea
| | - Seok Yun Kang
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea.
| | - Tae Jun Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 443-721, South Korea.
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18
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Kitao N, Nakamura A, Miyoshi H, Nomoto H, Takahashi K, Omori K, Yamamoto K, Cho KY, Terauchi Y, Atsumi T. The role of glucokinase and insulin receptor substrate-2 in the proliferation of pancreatic beta cells induced by short-term high-fat diet feeding in mice. Metabolism 2018; 85:48-58. [PMID: 29544862 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated whether glucokinase and insulin receptor substrate-2 were required for beta cell proliferation induced by short-term high-fat (HF) diet feeding, as has been shown for long-term HF diet. METHODS Eight-week-old C57BL/6J mice were exposed to either a standard chow (SC) or HF diet. After 1 week on the diet, histopathological beta cell proliferation and gene expression in isolated islets were examined. Additionally, 8-week-old beta cell-specific glucokinase haploinsufficient (Gck+/-) and Irs2 knockout (Irs2-/-) mice were exposed to either an SC or HF diet. RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that short-term HF diet feeding resulted in a significant increase in BrdU incorporation rate compared with SC consumption in wild-type mice. Western blot analysis demonstrated that Irs2 expression levels did not differ between the two diets. Moreover, there was a significant increase in the BrdU incorporation rate in the HF diet group compared with the SC group in both Gck+/- and Irs2-/- mice. Gene expression profiling of isolated islets from mice fed an HF diet for 1 week revealed that the expression levels of downstream genes of Foxm1 were coordinately upregulated. One week of HF diet feeding stimulated beta cell proliferation with Foxm1 upregulation in 48-week-old mice as well as in 8-week-old. CONCLUSIONS The mechanism of pancreatic beta cell proliferation induced by short-term HF diet feeding in mice could involve a glucokinase- and Irs2-independent pathway. Our results suggest that the pathways that induce beta cell proliferation in response to short-term HF diet feeding may differ from those in response to sustained HF diet feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Kitao
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akinobu Nakamura
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Miyoshi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nomoto
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Takahashi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuno Omori
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamamoto
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kyu Yong Cho
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Atsumi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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19
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Janjuha S, Singh SP, Tsakmaki A, Mousavy Gharavy SN, Murawala P, Konantz J, Birke S, Hodson DJ, Rutter GA, Bewick GA, Ninov N. Age-related islet inflammation marks the proliferative decline of pancreatic beta-cells in zebrafish. eLife 2018; 7:32965. [PMID: 29624168 PMCID: PMC5943033 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pancreatic islet, a cellular community harboring the insulin-producing beta-cells, is known to undergo age-related alterations. However, only a handful of signals associated with aging have been identified. By comparing beta-cells from younger and older zebrafish, here we show that the aging islets exhibit signs of chronic inflammation. These include recruitment of tnfα-expressing macrophages and the activation of NF-kB signaling in beta-cells. Using a transgenic reporter, we show that NF-kB activity is undetectable in juvenile beta-cells, whereas cells from older fish exhibit heterogeneous NF-kB activity. We link this heterogeneity to differences in gene expression and proliferation. Beta-cells with high NF-kB signaling proliferate significantly less compared to their neighbors with low activity. The NF-kB signalinghi cells also exhibit premature upregulation of socs2, an age-related gene that inhibits beta-cell proliferation. Together, our results show that NF-kB activity marks the asynchronous decline in beta-cell proliferation with advancing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharan Janjuha
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Hospital, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Dresden, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, German Center for Diabetes Reseach (DZD e.V.), Dresden, Germany
| | - Sumeet Pal Singh
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anastasia Tsakmaki
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Neda Mousavy Gharavy
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Consortium for Islet Cell Biology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Priyanka Murawala
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Judith Konantz
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sarah Birke
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - David J Hodson
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom.,Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Consortium for Islet Cell Biology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin A Bewick
- Diabetes Research Group, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolay Ninov
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Hospital, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Dresden, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, German Center for Diabetes Reseach (DZD e.V.), Dresden, Germany
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20
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Saavedra-García P, Nichols K, Mahmud Z, Fan LYN, Lam EWF. Unravelling the role of fatty acid metabolism in cancer through the FOXO3-FOXM1 axis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 462:82-92. [PMID: 28087388 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and cachexia represent divergent states of nutritional and metabolic imbalance but both are intimately linked to cancer. There is an extensive overlap in their signalling pathways and molecular components involved such as fatty acids (FAs), which likely play a crucial role in cancer. Forkhead box (FOX) proteins are responsible of a wide range of transcriptional programmes during normal development, and the FOXO3-FOXM1 axis is associated with cancer initiation, progression and drug resistance. Free fatty acids (FFAs), FA synthesis and β-oxidation are associated with cancer development and progression. Meanwhile, insulin and some adipokines, that are up-regulated by FAs, are also involved in cancer development and poor prognosis. In this review, we discuss the role of FA metabolism in cancer and how FA metabolism integrates with the FOXO3-FOXM1 axis. These new insights may provide leads to better cancer diagnostics as well as strategies for tackling cancer development, progression and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Saavedra-García
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Katie Nichols
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Zimam Mahmud
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Lavender Yuen-Nam Fan
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Eric W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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21
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Abebe T, Mahadevan J, Bogachus L, Hahn S, Black M, Oseid E, Urano F, Cirulli V, Robertson RP. Nrf2/antioxidant pathway mediates β cell self-repair after damage by high-fat diet-induced oxidative stress. JCI Insight 2017; 2:92854. [PMID: 29263299 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.92854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many theories have been advanced to better understand why β cell function and structure relentlessly deteriorate during the course of type 2 diabetes (T2D). These theories include inflammation, apoptosis, replication, neogenesis, autophagy, differentiation, dedifferentiation, and decreased levels of insulin gene regulatory proteins. However, none of these have considered the possibility that endogenous self-repair of existing β cells may be an important factor. To examine this hypothesis, we conducted studies with female Zucker diabetic fatty rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 1, 2, 4, 7, 9, 18, or 28 days, followed by a return to regular chow for 2-3 weeks. Repair was defined as reversal of elevated blood glucose and of inappropriately low blood insulin levels caused by a HFD, as well as reversal of structural damage visualized by imaging studies. We observed evidence of functional β cell damage after a 9-day exposure to a HFD and then repair after 2-3 weeks of being returned to normal chow (blood glucose [BG] = 348 ± 30 vs. 126 ± 3; mg/dl; days 9 vs. 23 day, P < 0.01). After 18- and 28-day exposure to a HFD, damage was more severe and repair was less evident. Insulin levels progressively diminished with 9-day exposure to a HFD; after returning to a regular diet, insulin levels rebounded toward, but did not reach, normal values. Increase in β cell mass was 4-fold after 9 days and 3-fold after 18 days, and there was no increase after 28 days of a HFD. Increases in β cell mass during a HFD were not different when comparing values before and after a return to regular diet within the 9-, 18-, or 28-day studies. No changes were observed in apoptosis or β cell replication. Formation of intracellular markers of oxidative stress, intranuclear translocation of Nrf2, and formation of intracellular antioxidant proteins indicated the participation of HFD/oxidative stress induction of the Nrf2/antioxidant pathway. Flow cytometry-based assessment of β cell volume, morphology, and insulin-specific immunoreactivity, as well as ultrastructural analysis by transmission electron microscopy, revealed that short-term exposure to a HFD produced significant changes in β cell morphology and function that are reversible after returning to regular chow. These results suggest that a possible mechanism mediating the ability of β cells to self-repair after a short-term exposure to a HFD is the activation of the Nrf2/antioxidant pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsehay Abebe
- Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jana Mahadevan
- Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lindsey Bogachus
- Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stephanie Hahn
- Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michele Black
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Elizabeth Oseid
- Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Fumihiko Urano
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Vincenzo Cirulli
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - R Paul Robertson
- Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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22
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Purification of replicating pancreatic β-cells for gene expression studies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17515. [PMID: 29235543 PMCID: PMC5727529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17776-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
β-cell proliferation is a rare event in adult pancreatic islets. To study the replication-related β-cell biology we designed a replicating β-cells sorting system for gene expression experiments. Replicating β-cells were identified by EdU incorporation and purified by flow cytometry. For β-cell separation islet cells were sorted by size, granularity and Newport Green fluorescence emission that was combined with emitted fluorescence for EdU-labelled replicating cells sorting. The purity of the resulting sorted populations was evaluated by insulin staining and EdU for β-cell identification and for replicating cells, respectively. Total RNA was isolated from purified cell-sorted populations for gene expression analysis. Cell sorting of dispersed islet cells resulted in 96.2% purity for insulin positivity in the collected β-cell fraction and 100% efficiency of the EdU-based cell separation. RNA integrity was similar between FACS-sorted replicating and quiescent β-cells. Global transcriptome analysis of replicating vs quiescent β-cells showed the expected enrichment of categories related to cell division and DNA replication. Indeed, key genes in the spindle check-point were the most upregulated genes in replicating β-cells. This work provides a method that allows for the isolation of replicating β-cells, a very scarce population in adult pancreatic islets.
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23
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Babinsky VN, Hannan FM, Ramracheya RD, Zhang Q, Nesbit MA, Hugill A, Bentley L, Hough TA, Joynson E, Stewart M, Aggarwal A, Prinz-Wohlgenannt M, Gorvin CM, Kallay E, Wells S, Cox RD, Richards D, Rorsman P, Thakker RV. Mutant Mice With Calcium-Sensing Receptor Activation Have Hyperglycemia That Is Rectified by Calcilytic Therapy. Endocrinology 2017; 158:2486-2502. [PMID: 28575322 PMCID: PMC5551547 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a family C G-protein-coupled receptor that plays a pivotal role in extracellular calcium homeostasis. The CaSR is also highly expressed in pancreatic islet α- and β-cells that secrete glucagon and insulin, respectively. To determine whether the CaSR may influence systemic glucose homeostasis, we characterized a mouse model with a germline gain-of-function CaSR mutation, Leu723Gln, referred to as Nuclear flecks (Nuf). Heterozygous- (CasrNuf/+) and homozygous-affected (CasrNuf/Nuf) mice were shown to have hypocalcemia in association with impaired glucose tolerance and insulin secretion. Oral administration of a CaSR antagonist compound, known as a calcilytic, rectified the glucose intolerance and hypoinsulinemia of CasrNuf/+ mice and ameliorated glucose intolerance in CasrNuf/Nuf mice. Ex vivo studies showed CasrNuf/+ and CasrNuf/Nuf mice to have reduced pancreatic islet mass and β-cell proliferation. Electrophysiological analysis of isolated CasrNuf/Nuf islets showed CaSR activation to increase the basal electrical activity of β-cells independently of effects on the activity of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel. CasrNuf/Nuf mice also had impaired glucose-mediated suppression of glucagon secretion, which was associated with increased numbers of α-cells and a higher α-cell proliferation rate. Moreover, CasrNuf/Nuf islet electrophysiology demonstrated an impairment of α-cell membrane depolarization in association with attenuated α-cell basal KATP channel activity. These studies indicate that the CaSR activation impairs glucose tolerance by a combination of α- and β-cell defects and also influences pancreatic islet mass. Moreover, our findings highlight a potential application of targeted CaSR compounds for modulating glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie N. Babinsky
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, United Kingdom
| | - Fadil M. Hannan
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, United Kingdom
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, United Kingdom
| | - Reshma D. Ramracheya
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, United Kingdom
| | - Quan Zhang
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, United Kingdom
| | - M. Andrew Nesbit
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, United Kingdom
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Hugill
- Medical Research Council Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, United Kingdom
| | - Liz Bentley
- Medical Research Council Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, United Kingdom
| | - Tertius A. Hough
- Medical Research Council Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Joynson
- Medical Research Council Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Stewart
- Medical Research Council Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, United Kingdom
| | - Abhishek Aggarwal
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | | | - Caroline M. Gorvin
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, United Kingdom
| | - Enikö Kallay
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Sara Wells
- Medical Research Council Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, United Kingdom
| | - Roger D. Cox
- Medical Research Council Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council Harwell Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Richards
- GlaxoSmithKline Clinical Unit, Cambridge CB2 0GG, United Kingdom
| | - Patrik Rorsman
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, United Kingdom
| | - Rajesh V. Thakker
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, United Kingdom
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24
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Shirakawa J, Fernandez M, Takatani T, El Ouaamari A, Jungtrakoon P, Okawa ER, Zhang W, Yi P, Doria A, Kulkarni RN. Insulin Signaling Regulates the FoxM1/PLK1/CENP-A Pathway to Promote Adaptive Pancreatic β Cell Proliferation. Cell Metab 2017; 25:868-882.e5. [PMID: 28286049 PMCID: PMC5382039 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of cell-cycle kinetics in mammalian pancreatic β cells has mostly focused on transition from the quiescent (G0) to G1 phase. Here, we report that centromere protein A (CENP-A), which is required for chromosome segregation during the M-phase, is necessary for adaptive β cell proliferation. Receptor-mediated insulin signaling promotes DNA-binding activity of FoxM1 to regulate expression of CENP-A and polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1) by modulating cyclin-dependent kinase-1/2. CENP-A deposition at the centromere is augmented by PLK1 to promote mitosis, while knocking down CENP-A limits β cell proliferation and survival. CENP-A deficiency in β cells leads to impaired adaptive proliferation in response to pregnancy, acute and chronic insulin resistance, and aging in mice. Insulin-stimulated CENP-A/PLK1 protein expression is blunted in islets from patients with type 2 diabetes. These data implicate the insulin-FoxM1/PLK1/CENP-A pathway-regulated mitotic cell-cycle progression as an essential component in the β cell adaptation to delay and/or prevent progression to diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shirakawa
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Megan Fernandez
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tomozumi Takatani
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Abdelfattah El Ouaamari
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Prapaporn Jungtrakoon
- Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Erin R Okawa
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Peng Yi
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alessandro Doria
- Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section on Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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25
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Abstract
Forkhead box (Fox) transcription factors are evolutionarily conserved in organisms ranging from yeast to humans. They regulate diverse biological processes both during development and throughout adult life. Mutations in many Fox genes are associated with human disease and, as such, various animal models have been generated to study the function of these transcription factors in mechanistic detail. In many cases, the absence of even a single Fox transcription factor is lethal. In this Primer, we provide an overview of the Fox family, highlighting several key Fox transcription factor families that are important for mammalian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Golson
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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