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Jeanpierre M, Cognard J, Tusseau M, Riller Q, Bui LC, Berthelet J, Laurent A, Crickx E, Parlato M, Stolzenberg MC, Suarez F, Leverger G, Aladjidi N, Collardeau-Frachon S, Pietrement C, Malphettes M, Froissart A, Bole-Feysot C, Cagnard N, Rodrigues Lima F, Walzer T, Rieux-Laucat F, Belot A, Mathieu AL. Haploinsufficiency in PTPN2 leads to early-onset systemic autoimmunity from Evans syndrome to lupus. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20232337. [PMID: 39028869 PMCID: PMC11259789 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20232337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
An exome sequencing strategy employed to identify pathogenic variants in patients with pediatric-onset systemic lupus or Evans syndrome resulted in the discovery of six novel monoallelic mutations in PTPN2. PTPN2 is a phosphatase that acts as an essential negative regulator of the JAK/STAT pathways. All mutations led to a loss of PTPN2 regulatory function as evidenced by in vitro assays and by hyperproliferation of patients' T cells. Furthermore, patients exhibited high serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, mimicking the profile observed in individuals with gain-of-function mutations in STAT factors. Flow cytometry analysis of patients' blood cells revealed typical alterations associated with autoimmunity and all patients presented with autoantibodies. These findings further supported the notion that a loss of function in negative regulators of cytokine pathways can lead to a broad spectrum of autoimmune manifestations and that PTPN2 along with SOCS1 haploinsufficiency constitute a new group of monogenic autoimmune diseases that can benefit from targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Jeanpierre
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France, IHU-Imagine, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jade Cognard
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Maud Tusseau
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Quentin Riller
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France, IHU-Imagine, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Linh-Chi Bui
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Berthelet
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Laurent
- National Referee Centre for Pediatric-Onset Rheumatism and Autoimmune Diseases, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, Dermatology Unit, Mother and Children University Hospital; Lyon, France
| | - Etienne Crickx
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France, IHU-Imagine, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre National de Référence des Cytopénies Auto-immunes de L’adulte, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire TRUE InnovaTive TheRapy for ImmUne disordErs, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Marianna Parlato
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France, IHU-Imagine, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Claude Stolzenberg
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France, IHU-Imagine, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Felipe Suarez
- Department of Adult Hematology, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital and Centre de Référence des déficits Immunitaires Héréditaires, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM U1163, Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Guy Leverger
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, UMR_S938, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Groupe Hospitalier Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Aladjidi
- Centre de Référence National des Cytopénies Auto-immunes de l’Enfant, Bordeaux, France
- Pediatric Oncology Hemato-Immunology Unit, University Hospital, Plurithématique Centre d’Investigation Clinique, 1401, INSERM, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sophie Collardeau-Frachon
- Institute of Pathology, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Société Française de Foetopathologie Paris, Paris, France
| | - Christine Pietrement
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Service de Pédiatrie Spécialisée et Généralisée, Université Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Marion Malphettes
- Service d’Immunopathologie Clinique, Saint Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Froissart
- Service Médecine Interne, Hôpital Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Christine Bole-Feysot
- Genomic Platform, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, University Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Cagnard
- Bioinformatic Platform, INSERM UMR 1163, Imagine Institute, University Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Thierry Walzer
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Rieux-Laucat
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Imagine Institute, Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France, IHU-Imagine, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Belot
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- National Referee Centre for Pediatric-Onset Rheumatism and Autoimmune Diseases, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, Dermatology Unit, Mother and Children University Hospital; Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Laure Mathieu
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Zhang B, Sun C, Zhu Y, Qin H, Kong D, Zhang J, Shao B, Li X, Ren S, Wang H, Hao J, Wang H. Upregulation of TCPTP in Macrophages Is Involved in IL-35 Mediated Attenuation of Experimental Colitis. Mediators Inflamm 2024; 2024:3282679. [PMID: 38962170 PMCID: PMC11221972 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3282679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disease with complex etiology. Interleukin-35 (IL-35), as a cytokine with immunomodulatory function, has been shown to have therapeutic effects on UC, but its mechanism is not yet clear. Therefore, we constructed Pichia pastoris stably expressing IL-35 which enables the cytokines to reach the diseased mucosa, and explored whether upregulation of T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP) in macrophages is involved in the mechanisms of IL-35-mediated attenuation of UC. After the successful construction of engineered bacteria expressing IL-35, a colitis model was successfully induced by giving BALB/c mice a solution containing 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Mice were treated with Pichia/IL-35, empty plasmid-transformed Pichia (Pichia/0), or PBS by gavage, respectively. The expression of TCPTP in macrophages (RAW264.7, BMDMs) and intestinal tissues after IL-35 treatment was detected. After administration of Pichia/IL-35, the mice showed significant improvement in weight loss, bloody stools, and shortened colon. Colon pathology also showed that the inflammatory condition of mice in the Pichia/IL-35 treatment group was alleviated. Notably, Pichia/IL-35 treatment not only increases local M2 macrophages but also decreases the expression of inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in the colon. With Pichia/IL-35 treatment, the proportion of M1 macrophages, Th17, and Th1 cells in mouse MLNs were markedly decreased, while Tregs were significantly increased. In vitro experiments, IL-35 significantly promoted the expression of TCPTP in macrophages stimulated with LPS. Similarly, the mice in the Pichia/IL-35 group also expressed more TCPTP than that of the untreated group and the Pichia/0 group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoren Zhang
- Department of General SurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenglu Sun
- Department of General SurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanglin Zhu
- Department of General SurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Qin
- Department of General SurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Dejun Kong
- School of MedicineNankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Department of General SurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Shao
- Department of General SurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of General SurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaohua Ren
- Department of General SurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongda Wang
- Department of General SurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingpeng Hao
- Department of General SurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anorectal SurgeryTianjin Medical University Second Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General SurgeryTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Precise Vascular Reconstruction and Organ Function Repair, Tianjin, China
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3
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Perez-Quintero LA, Abidin BM, Tremblay ML. Immunotherapeutic implications of negative regulation by protein tyrosine phosphatases in T cells: the emerging cases of PTP1B and TCPTP. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1364778. [PMID: 38707187 PMCID: PMC11066278 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1364778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of inflammation, T cell activation occurs by the concerted signals of the T cell receptor (TCR), co-stimulatory receptors ligation, and a pro-inflammatory cytokine microenvironment. Fine-tuning these signals is crucial to maintain T cell homeostasis and prevent self-reactivity while offering protection against infectious diseases and cancer. Recent developments in understanding the complex crosstalk between the molecular events controlling T cell activation and the balancing regulatory cues offer novel approaches for the development of T cell-based immunotherapies. Among the complex regulatory processes, the balance between protein tyrosine kinases (PTK) and the protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) controls the transcriptional and metabolic programs that determine T cell function, fate decision, and activation. In those, PTPs are de facto regulators of signaling in T cells acting for the most part as negative regulators of the canonical TCR pathway, costimulatory molecules such as CD28, and cytokine signaling. In this review, we examine the function of two close PTP homologs, PTP1B (PTPN1) and T-cell PTP (TCPTP; PTPN2), which have been recently identified as promising candidates for novel T-cell immunotherapeutic approaches. Herein, we focus on recent studies that examine the known contributions of these PTPs to T-cell development, homeostasis, and T-cell-mediated immunity. Additionally, we describe the signaling networks that underscored the ability of TCPTP and PTP1B, either individually and notably in combination, to attenuate TCR and JAK/STAT signals affecting T cell responses. Thus, we anticipate that uncovering the role of these two PTPs in T-cell biology may lead to new treatment strategies in the field of cancer immunotherapy. This review concludes by exploring the impacts and risks that pharmacological inhibition of these PTP enzymes offers as a therapeutic approach in T-cell-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alberto Perez-Quintero
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Belma Melda Abidin
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel L. Tremblay
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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4
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Kim YK, Kim YR, Wells KL, Sarbaugh D, Guney M, Tsai CF, Zee T, Karsenty G, Nakayasu ES, Sussel L. PTPN2 Regulates Metabolic Flux to Affect β-Cell Susceptibility to Inflammatory Stress. Diabetes 2024; 73:434-447. [PMID: 38015772 PMCID: PMC10882156 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase N2 (PTPN2) is a type 1 diabetes (T1D) candidate gene identified from human genome-wide association studies. PTPN2 is highly expressed in human and murine islets and becomes elevated upon inflammation and models of T1D, suggesting that PTPN2 may be important for β-cell survival in the context of T1D. To test whether PTPN2 contributed to β-cell dysfunction in an inflammatory environment, we generated a β-cell-specific deletion of Ptpn2 in mice (PTPN2-β knockout [βKO]). Whereas unstressed animals exhibited normal metabolic profiles, low- and high-dose streptozotocin-treated PTPN2-βKO mice displayed hyperglycemia and accelerated death, respectively. Furthermore, cytokine-treated Ptpn2-KO islets resulted in impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, mitochondrial defects, and reduced glucose-induced metabolic flux, suggesting β-cells lacking Ptpn2 are more susceptible to inflammatory stress associated with T1D due to maladaptive metabolic fitness. Consistent with the phenotype, proteomic analysis identified an important metabolic enzyme, ATP-citrate lyase, as a novel PTPN2 substrate. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Kyung Kim
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Youngjung Rachel Kim
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Campus, New York, NY
| | - Kristen L. Wells
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Dylan Sarbaugh
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Michelle Guney
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Chia-Feng Tsai
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
| | - Tiffany Zee
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Campus, New York, NY
| | - Gerard Karsenty
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Campus, New York, NY
| | - Ernesto S. Nakayasu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
| | - Lori Sussel
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Campus, New York, NY
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5
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Sudholz H, Delconte RB, Huntington ND. Interleukin-15 cytokine checkpoints in natural killer cell anti-tumor immunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 84:102364. [PMID: 37451129 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Over recent years, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has progressed to first and second-line treatments in several cancer types, transforming patient outcomes. While these treatments target T cell checkpoints, such as PD-1, LAG3 and CTLA-4, their efficacy can be compromised through adaptive resistance whereby tumors acquire mutations in genes regulating neoantigen presentation by MHC-I [93]. ICI-responsive tumor types such as advanced metastatic melanoma typically have a high mutational burden and immune infiltration; however, most patients still do not benefit from ICI monotherapy for a number of reasons [94]. This highlights the need for novel immunotherapy strategies that evoke the immune control of tumor cells with low neoantigen/MHC-I expression, overcome immune suppressive tumor microenvironments and promote tumor inflammation. In this regard, targeting natural killer (NK) cells may offer a solution to some of these bottlenecks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison Sudholz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Rebecca B Delconte
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10065, USA
| | - Nicholas D Huntington
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; oNKo-Innate Pty Ltd, Moonee Ponds, Victoria 3039, Australia.
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6
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Tang XE, Cheng YQ, Tang CK. Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 as the therapeutic target of atherosclerotic diseases: past, present and future. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1219690. [PMID: 37670950 PMCID: PMC10475599 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1219690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2(PTPN2), an important member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family, can regulate various signaling pathways and biological processes by dephosphorylating receptor protein tyrosine kinases. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that PTPN2 is involved in the occurrence and development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Recently, it has been reported that PTPN2 exerts an anti-atherosclerotic effect by regulating vascular endothelial injury, monocyte proliferation and migration, macrophage polarization, T cell polarization, autophagy, pyroptosis, and insulin resistance. In this review, we summarize the latest findings on the role of PTPN2 in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis to provide a rationale for better future research and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Er Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-Qiong Cheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Liang S, Tran E, Du X, Dong J, Sudholz H, Chen H, Qu Z, Huntington ND, Babon JJ, Kershaw NJ, Zhang ZY, Baell JB, Wiede F, Tiganis T. A small molecule inhibitor of PTP1B and PTPN2 enhances T cell anti-tumor immunity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4524. [PMID: 37500611 PMCID: PMC10374545 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases 1B (PTP1B) and N2 (PTPN2) has emerged as an exciting approach for bolstering T cell anti-tumor immunity. ABBV-CLS-484 is a PTP1B/PTPN2 inhibitor in clinical trials for solid tumors. Here we have explored the therapeutic potential of a related small-molecule-inhibitor, Compound-182. We demonstrate that Compound-182 is a highly potent and selective active site competitive inhibitor of PTP1B and PTPN2 that enhances T cell recruitment and activation and represses the growth of tumors in mice, without promoting overt immune-related toxicities. The enhanced anti-tumor immunity in immunogenic tumors can be ascribed to the inhibition of PTP1B/PTPN2 in T cells, whereas in cold tumors, Compound-182 elicited direct effects on both tumor cells and T cells. Importantly, treatment with Compound-182 rendered otherwise resistant tumors sensitive to α-PD-1 therapy. Our findings establish the potential for small molecule inhibitors of PTP1B and PTPN2 to enhance anti-tumor immunity and combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Liang
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Eric Tran
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Xin Du
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Jiajun Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Harrison Sudholz
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Hao Chen
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Zihan Qu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Nicholas D Huntington
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Jeffrey J Babon
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Nadia J Kershaw
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jonathan B Baell
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- Lyterian Therapeutics, South San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Florian Wiede
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
| | - Tony Tiganis
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
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8
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De George DJ, Ge T, Krishnamurthy B, Kay TWH, Thomas HE. Inflammation versus regulation: how interferon-gamma contributes to type 1 diabetes pathogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1205590. [PMID: 37293126 PMCID: PMC10244651 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1205590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease with onset from early childhood. The insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells are destroyed by CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. The disease is challenging to study mechanistically in humans because it is not possible to biopsy the pancreatic islets and the disease is most active prior to the time of clinical diagnosis. The NOD mouse model, with many similarities to, but also some significant differences from human diabetes, provides an opportunity, in a single in-bred genotype, to explore pathogenic mechanisms in molecular detail. The pleiotropic cytokine IFN-γ is believed to contribute to pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Evidence of IFN-γ signaling in the islets, including activation of the JAK-STAT pathway and upregulation of MHC class I, are hallmarks of the disease. IFN-γ has a proinflammatory role that is important for homing of autoreactive T cells into islets and direct recognition of beta cells by CD8+ T cells. We recently showed that IFN-γ also controls proliferation of autoreactive T cells. Therefore, inhibition of IFN-γ does not prevent type 1 diabetes and is unlikely to be a good therapeutic target. In this manuscript we review the contrasting roles of IFN-γ in driving inflammation and regulating the number of antigen specific CD8+ T cells in type 1 diabetes. We also discuss the potential to use JAK inhibitors as therapy for type 1 diabetes, to inhibit both cytokine-mediated inflammation and proliferation of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. De George
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent’s Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Tingting Ge
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent’s Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Balasubramaniam Krishnamurthy
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent’s Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas W. H. Kay
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent’s Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen E. Thomas
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent’s Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
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9
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Zhang M, Xiong Y, Tu J, Tang B, Zhang Z, Yu J, Shen L, Luo Q, Ye J. Hypoxia disrupts the nasal epithelial barrier by inhibiting PTPN2 in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110054. [PMID: 36963262 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia is involved in inflammation and immune response; however, its role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is not fully understood. We aimed to investigate the mechanisms by which hypoxia disrupts the nasal epithelial barrier in CRSwNP. METHODS The expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2), and tight junction (TJ) components (claudin-4, occludin, and ZO-1) was detected in nasal polyps using immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and qRT-PCR. Primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNECs), BEAS-2B cells, and an eosinophilic CRSwNP (Eos CRSwNP) mouse model were used to explore the potential mechanisms by which hypoxia disrupts the nasal epithelial barrier. RESULTS HIF-1α expression in the non-Eos and Eos CRSwNP groups was higher than in the control group, and the expression of PTPN2 and TJs in the non-Eos and Eos CRSwNP groups were lower than those in the control group. Hypoxia decreased the expression of PTPN2 and TJs and increased epithelial cell permeability in HNECs, which was blocked by the HIF-1α inhibitor PX-478. PTPN2 overexpression inhibited hypoxia-induced downregulation of TJ expression in BEAS-2B cells, whereas PTPN2-knockdown aggravated the effects of hypoxia. In the Eos CRSwNP mouse model, both PX-478 and PTPN2 overexpression reduced the formation of nasal polypoid lesions, permeability of the nasal epithelium, and restored TJ expression. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that hypoxia-induced HIF-1α downregulates TJ expression by inhibiting PTPN2, thereby disrupting the nasal epithelial barrier and promoting CRSwNP development. HIF-1α and PTPN2 may be potential targets for the treatment of CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiping Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yishan Xiong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Junhao Tu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Binxiang Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jieqing Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China; Institute of Jiangxi Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China; Institute of Jiangxi Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
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10
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Targeting protein phosphatases in cancer immunotherapy and autoimmune disorders. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:273-294. [PMID: 36693907 PMCID: PMC9872771 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00618-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphatases act as key regulators of multiple important cellular processes and are attractive therapeutic targets for various diseases. Although extensive effort has been dedicated to phosphatase-targeted drug discovery, early expeditions for competitive phosphatase inhibitors were plagued by druggability issues, leading to the stigmatization of phosphatases as difficult targets. Despite challenges, persistent efforts have led to the identification of several drug-like, non-competitive modulators of some of these enzymes - including SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase and protein phosphatase 1 - reigniting interest in therapeutic targeting of phosphatases. Here, we discuss recent progress in phosphatase drug discovery, with emphasis on the development of selective modulators that exhibit biological activity. The roles and regulation of protein phosphatases in immune cells and their potential as powerful targets for immuno-oncology and autoimmunity indications are assessed.
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11
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Song J, Hu L, Liu B, Jiang N, Huang H, Luo J, Wang L, Zeng J, Huang F, Huang M, Cai L, Tang L, Chen S, Chen Y, Wu A, Zheng S, Chen Q. The Emerging Role of Immune Cells and Targeted Therapeutic Strategies in Diabetic Wounds Healing. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:4119-4138. [PMID: 35898820 PMCID: PMC9309318 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s371939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor wound healing in individuals with diabetes has long plagued clinicians, and immune cells play key roles in the inflammation, proliferation and remodeling that occur in wound healing. When skin integrity is damaged, immune cells migrate to the wound bed through the actions of chemokines and jointly restore tissue homeostasis and barrier function by exerting their respective biological functions. An imbalance of immune cells often leads to ineffective and disordered inflammatory responses. Due to the maladjusted microenvironment, the wound is unable to smoothly transition to the proliferation and remodeling stage, causing it to develop into a chronic refractory wound. However, chronic refractory wounds consistently lead to negative outcomes, such as long treatment cycles, high hospitalization rates, high medical costs, high disability rates, high mortality rates, and many adverse consequences. Therefore, strategies that promote the rational distribution and coordinated development of immune cells during wound healing are very important for the treatment of diabetic wounds (DW). Here, we explored the following aspects by performing a literature review: 1) the current situation of DW and an introduction to the biological functions of immune cells; 2) the role of immune cells in DW; and 3) existing (or undeveloped) therapies targeting immune cells to promote wound healing to provide new ideas for basic research, clinical treatment and nursing of DW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lixin Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Houqiang Huang
- Department of Nursing, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - JieSi Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feihong Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luyao Cai
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingyu Tang
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shunli Chen
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinyi Chen
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anguo Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Silin Zheng
- Department of Nursing, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Gao J, Hu J, Li P, Che K, Wang F, Yan S. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviate the imbalance of CD4 + T cells via protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling in ameliorating experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in rats. Endocr J 2022; 69:613-625. [PMID: 35153255 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej20-0695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) on experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) and the underlying mechanisms by utilizing a porcine thyroglobulin-induced EAT rat model. The rats received four tail vein injections of vehicle or hUCMSCs at an interval of 7 days and were sacrificed on day 28 after the first injection. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to assess the therapeutic effects of hUCMSCs on EAT. Splenic lymphocytes were isolated from rats, and the proportions of CD4+ T cell subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. Splenic CD4+ T cells from EAT rats were cocultured with hUCMSCs. A loss-of-function assay for protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2) was performed to explore the involvement of PTPN2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling on the therapeutic benefit of hUCMSCs in EAT. hUCMSC treatment significantly alleviated inflammation, reduced serum thyroid antibody levels, and decreased the ratios of IL-17α+/CD25+FOXP3+ cells and serum IFN-γ/IL-4 in EAT rats. Furthermore, hUCMSC treatment upregulated PTPN2 protein expression in splenic lymphocytes of EAT rats as well as enhanced the PTPN2 protein level and attenuated phosphorylation of STAT3 in CD4+ T cells in vitro. Importantly, knockdown of Ptpn2 significantly reversed hUCMSC-mediated suppression of cell proliferation and hUCMSC-induced alterations in the expression of inflammatory cytokines in CD4+ T cells. Thus, hUCMSC treatment alleviates thyroid inflammation and the CD4+ T cell imbalance in EAT via PTPN2/STAT3 signaling, serving as a promising therapeutic approach for autoimmune thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Gao
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianxia Hu
- The Laboratory of Thyroid Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kui Che
- The Laboratory of Thyroid Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shengli Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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13
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Gootjes C, Zwaginga JJ, Roep BO, Nikolic T. Functional Impact of Risk Gene Variants on the Autoimmune Responses in Type 1 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:886736. [PMID: 35603161 PMCID: PMC9114814 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.886736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that develops in the interplay between genetic and environmental factors. A majority of individuals who develop T1D have a HLA make up, that accounts for 50% of the genetic risk of disease. Besides these HLA haplotypes and the insulin region that importantly contribute to the heritable component, genome-wide association studies have identified many polymorphisms in over 60 non-HLA gene regions that also contribute to T1D susceptibility. Combining the risk genes in a score (T1D-GRS), significantly improved the prediction of disease progression in autoantibody positive individuals. Many of these minor-risk SNPs are associated with immune genes but how they influence the gene and protein expression and whether they cause functional changes on a cellular level remains a subject of investigation. A positive correlation between the genetic risk and the intensity of the peripheral autoimmune response was demonstrated both for HLA and non-HLA genetic risk variants. We also observed epigenetic and genetic modulation of several of these T1D susceptibility genes in dendritic cells (DCs) treated with vitamin D3 and dexamethasone to acquire tolerogenic properties as compared to immune activating DCs (mDC) illustrating the interaction between genes and environment that collectively determines risk for T1D. A notion that targeting such genes for therapeutic modulation could be compatible with correction of the impaired immune response, inspired us to review the current knowledge on the immune-related minor risk genes, their expression and function in immune cells, and how they may contribute to activation of autoreactive T cells, Treg function or β-cell apoptosis, thus contributing to development of the autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Gootjes
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Regenerative Cell Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jaap Jan Zwaginga
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Regenerative Cell Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Bart O Roep
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Regenerative Cell Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tatjana Nikolic
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Regenerative Cell Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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14
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Elvira B, Vandenbempt V, Bauzá-Martinez J, Crutzen R, Negueruela J, Ibrahim H, Winder ML, Brahma MK, Vekeriotaite B, Martens PJ, Singh SP, Rossello F, Lybaert P, Otonkoski T, Gysemans C, Wu W, Gurzov EN. PTPN2 Regulates the Interferon Signaling and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response in Pancreatic β-Cells in Autoimmune Diabetes. Diabetes 2022; 71:653-668. [PMID: 35044456 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from autoimmune destruction of β-cells in the pancreas. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are candidate genes for T1D and play a key role in autoimmune disease development and β-cell dysfunction. Here, we assessed the global protein and individual PTP profiles in the pancreas from nonobese mice with early-onset diabetes (NOD) mice treated with an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. The treatment reversed hyperglycemia, and we observed enhanced expression of PTPN2, a PTP family member and T1D candidate gene, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones in the pancreatic islets. To address the functional role of PTPN2 in β-cells, we generated PTPN2-deficient human stem cell-derived β-like and EndoC-βH1 cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that PTPN2 inactivation in β-cells exacerbates type I and type II interferon signaling networks and the potential progression toward autoimmunity. Moreover, we established the capacity of PTPN2 to positively modulate the Ca2+-dependent unfolded protein response and ER stress outcome in β-cells. Adenovirus-induced overexpression of PTPN2 partially protected from ER stress-induced β-cell death. Our results postulate PTPN2 as a key protective factor in β-cells during inflammation and ER stress in autoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernat Elvira
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valerie Vandenbempt
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julia Bauzá-Martinez
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Raphaël Crutzen
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Javier Negueruela
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hazem Ibrahim
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matthew L Winder
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Manoja K Brahma
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Beata Vekeriotaite
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pieter-Jan Martens
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Fernando Rossello
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pascale Lybaert
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Timo Otonkoski
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Conny Gysemans
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N 1, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wei Wu
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Esteban N Gurzov
- Signal Transduction and Metabolism Laboratory, Laboratoire de Gastroentérologie Expérimental et Endotools, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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15
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Abstract
Follicular helper T (TFH) cells provide help to B cells, supporting the formation of germinal centres that allow affinity maturation of antibody responses. Although usually located in secondary lymphoid organs, T cells bearing features of TFH cells can also be identified in human blood, and their frequency and phenotype are often altered in people with autoimmune diseases. In this Perspective article, I discuss the increase in circulating TFH cells seen in autoimmune settings and explore potential explanations for this phenomenon. I consider the multistep regulation of TFH cell differentiation by the CTLA4 and IL-2 pathways as well as by regulatory T cells and highlight that these same pathways are crucial for regulating autoimmune diseases. The propensity of infection to serve as a cue for TFH cell differentiation and a potential trigger for autoimmune disease development is also discussed. Overall, I postulate that alterations in pathways that regulate autoimmunity are coupled to alterations in TFH cell homeostasis, suggesting that this population may serve as a core sentinel of dysregulated immunity.
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16
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Millrine D, Jenkins RH, Hughes STO, Jones SA. Making sense of IL-6 signalling cues in pathophysiology. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:567-588. [PMID: 34618359 PMCID: PMC9673051 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Unravelling the molecular mechanisms that account for functional pleiotropy is a major challenge for researchers in cytokine biology. Cytokine-receptor cross-reactivity and shared signalling pathways are considered primary drivers of cytokine pleiotropy. However, reports epitomized by studies of Jak-STAT cytokine signalling identify interesting biochemical and epigenetic determinants of transcription factor regulation that affect the delivery of signal-dependent cytokine responses. Here, a regulatory interplay between STAT transcription factors and their convergence to specific genomic enhancers support the fine-tuning of cytokine responses controlling host immunity, functional identity, and tissue homeostasis and repair. In this review, we provide an overview of the signalling networks that shape the way cells sense and interpret cytokine cues. With an emphasis on the biology of interleukin-6, we highlight the importance of these mechanisms to both physiological processes and pathophysiological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Millrine
- Division of Infection & ImmunitySchool of MedicineCardiff UniversityUK
- Systems Immunity University Research InstituteCardiff UniversityUK
- Present address:
Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation UnitSir James Black CentreSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of Dundee3rd FloorDundeeUK
| | - Robert H. Jenkins
- Division of Infection & ImmunitySchool of MedicineCardiff UniversityUK
- Systems Immunity University Research InstituteCardiff UniversityUK
| | - Stuart T. O. Hughes
- Division of Infection & ImmunitySchool of MedicineCardiff UniversityUK
- Systems Immunity University Research InstituteCardiff UniversityUK
| | - Simon A. Jones
- Division of Infection & ImmunitySchool of MedicineCardiff UniversityUK
- Systems Immunity University Research InstituteCardiff UniversityUK
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17
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Targeting PTPN22 does not enhance the efficacy of CAR T cells in solid tumours. Mol Cell Biol 2022; 42:e0044921. [PMID: 35041491 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00449-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells has revolutionised the treatment of certain B cell malignancies, but has been in ineffective against solid tumours. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of targeting negative regulators of T cell signalling to enhance the efficacy and extend the utility of CAR T cells to solid tumours. Autoimmunity-linked protein tyrosine phosphatase N22 (PTPN22) has been proposed as a target for cancer immunotherapy. Here we have used CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing to generate PTPN22-deficient (Ptpn22Δ/Δ) mice (C57BL/6) and assessed the impact of PTPN22 deficiency on the cytotoxicity and efficacy of CAR T cells in vitro and in vivo. As reported previously, PTPN22 deficiency was accompanied by the promotion of effector T cell responses ex vivo and the repression of syngeneic tumour growth in vivo. However, PTPN22-deficiency did not enhance the cytotoxic activity of murine CAR T cells targeting the extracellular domain of the human oncoprotein HER2 in vitro. Moreover, PTPN22-deficient α-HER2 CAR T cells or ovalbumin-specific OT-I CD8+ T cells adoptively transferred into mice bearing HER2+ mammary tumours or ovalbumin-expressing mammary or colorectal tumours respectively were no more effective than their wild type counterparts in suppressing tumour growth. The deletion of PTPN22 using CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing also did not affect the cytotoxic activity of human CAR T cells targeting the Lewis Y antigen that is expressed by many human solid tumours. Therefore, PTPN22-deficiency does not enhance the anti-tumour activity of CAR T cells in solid organ malignancies.
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18
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MBD2 acts as a repressor to maintain the homeostasis of the Th1 program in type 1 diabetes by regulating the STAT1-IFN-γ axis. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:218-229. [PMID: 34420035 PMCID: PMC8738722 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00852-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The methyl-CpG-binding domain 2 (MBD2) interprets DNA methylome-encoded information through binding to the methylated CpG DNA, by which it regulates target gene expression at the transcriptional level. Although derailed DNA methylation has long been recognized to trigger or promote autoimmune responses in type 1 diabetes (T1D), the exact role of MBD2 in T1D pathogenesis, however, remains poorly defined. Herein, we generated an Mbd2 knockout model in the NOD background and found that Mbd2 deficiency exacerbated the development of spontaneous T1D in NOD mice. Adoptive transfer of Mbd2-/- CD4 T cells into NOD.scid mice further confirmed the observation. Mechanistically, Th1 stimulation rendered the Stat1 promoter to undergo a DNA methylation turnover featured by the changes of DNA methylation levels or patterns along with the induction of MBD2 expression, which then bound to the methylated CpG DNA within the Stat1 promoter, by which MBD2 maintains the homeostasis of Th1 program to prevent autoimmunity. As a result, ectopic MBD2 expression alleviated CD4 T cell diabetogenicity following their adoptive transfer into NOD.scid mice. Collectively, our data suggest that MBD2 could be a viable target to develop epigenetic-based therapeutics against T1D in clinical settings.
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19
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Wiede F, Lu KH, Du X, Zeissig MN, Xu R, Goh PK, Xirouchaki CE, Hogarth SJ, Greatorex S, Sek K, Daly RJ, Beavis PA, Darcy PK, Tonks NK, Tiganis T. PTP1B is an intracellular checkpoint that limits T cell and CAR T cell anti-tumor immunity. Cancer Discov 2021; 12:752-773. [PMID: 34794959 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapies aimed at alleviating the inhibitory constraints on Tcells have revolutionised cancer management. To date, these have focused on the blockade of cell surface checkpoints such as PD-1. Herein we identify protein-tyrosine-phosphatase-1B (PTP1B) as an intracellular checkpoint that is upregulated in T cells in tumors. We show that the increased PTP1B limits T cell expansion and cytotoxicity to contribute to tumor growth. T cell-specific PTP1B deletion increased STAT-5 signaling and this enhanced the antigen-induced expansion and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells to suppress tumor growth. The pharmacological inhibition of PTP1B recapitulated the T cell-mediated repression of tumor growth and enhanced the response to PD-1 blockade. Furthermore, the deletion or inhibition of PTP1B enhanced the efficacy of adoptively-transferred chimeric-antigen-receptor (CAR) T cells against solid tumors. Our findings identify PTP1B as an intracellular checkpoint whose inhibition can alleviate the inhibitory constraints on T cells and CAR T cells to combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Wiede
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University
| | - Kun-Hui Lu
- Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre
| | - Xin Du
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre
| | | | | | - Pei Kee Goh
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University
| | | | | | | | - Kevin Sek
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Research Centre
| | - Roger J Daly
- Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University
| | - Paul A Beavis
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Research Centre
| | | | | | - Tony Tiganis
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University
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20
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Hill DG, Ward A, Nicholson LB, Jones GW. Emerging roles for IL-6 family cytokines as positive and negative regulators of ectopic lymphoid structures. Cytokine 2021; 146:155650. [PMID: 34343865 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
IL-6 family cytokines display broad effects in haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic cells that regulate immune homeostasis, host defence, haematopoiesis, development, reproduction and wound healing. Dysregulation of these activities places this cytokine family as important mediators of autoimmunity, chronic inflammation and cancer. In this regard, ectopic lymphoid structures (ELS) are a pathological hallmark of many tissues affected by chronic disease. These inducible lymphoid aggregates form compartmentalised T cell and B cell zones, germinal centres, follicular dendritic cell networks and high endothelial venules, which are defining qualities of peripheral lymphoid organs. Accordingly, ELS can support local antigen-specific responses to self-antigens, alloantigens, pathogens and tumours. ELS often correlate with severe disease progression in autoimmune conditions, while tumour-associated ELS are associated with enhanced anti-tumour immunity and a favourable prognosis in cancer. Here, we discuss emerging roles for IL-6 family cytokines as regulators of ELS development, maintenance and activity and consider how modulation of these activities has the potential to aid the successful treatment of autoimmune conditions and cancers where ELS feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Hill
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Amy Ward
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lindsay B Nicholson
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gareth W Jones
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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21
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Wang YN, Liu S, Jia T, Feng Y, Xu X, Zhang D. T Cell Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase in Glucose Metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:682947. [PMID: 34268308 PMCID: PMC8276021 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.682947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP), a vital regulator in glucose metabolism, inflammatory responses, and tumor processes, is increasingly considered a promising target for disease treatments and illness control. This review discusses the structure, substrates and main biological functions of TCPTP, as well as its regulatory effect in glucose metabolism, as an attempt to be referenced for formulating treatment strategies of metabolic disorders. Given the complicated regulation functions in different tissues and organs of TCPTP, the development of drugs inhibiting TCPTP with a higher specificity and a better biocompatibility is recognized as a promising therapeutic strategy for diabetes or obesity. Besides, treatments targeting TCPTP in a specific tissue or organ are suggested to be considerably promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Wang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Shiyue Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Jia
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Yao Feng
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Dongjiao Zhang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
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22
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Hochheiser K, Wiede F, Wagner T, Freestone D, Enders MH, Olshansky M, Russ B, Nüssing S, Bawden E, Braun A, Bachem A, Gressier E, McConville R, Park SL, Jones CM, Davey GM, Gyorki DE, Tscharke D, Parish IA, Turner S, Herold MJ, Tiganis T, Bedoui S, Gebhardt T. Ptpn2 and KLRG1 regulate the generation and function of tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells in skin. J Exp Med 2021; 218:212037. [PMID: 33914023 PMCID: PMC8091133 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) are key elements of tissue immunity. Here, we investigated the role of the regulator of T cell receptor and cytokine signaling, Ptpn2, in the formation and function of TRM cells in skin. Ptpn2-deficient CD8+ T cells displayed a marked defect in generating CD69+ CD103+ TRM cells in response to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) skin infection. This was accompanied by a reduction in the proportion of KLRG1− memory precursor cells and a transcriptional bias toward terminal differentiation. Of note, forced expression of KLRG1 was sufficient to impede TRM cell formation. Normalizing memory precursor frequencies by transferring equal numbers of KLRG1− cells restored TRM generation, demonstrating that Ptpn2 impacted skin seeding with precursors rather than downstream TRM cell differentiation. Importantly, Ptpn2-deficient TRM cells augmented skin autoimmunity but also afforded superior protection from HSV-1 infection. Our results emphasize that KLRG1 repression is required for optimal TRM cell formation in skin and reveal an important role of Ptpn2 in regulating TRM cell functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Hochheiser
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Florian Wiede
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Teagan Wagner
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Freestone
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthias H Enders
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Moshe Olshansky
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brendan Russ
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simone Nüssing
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma Bawden
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Asolina Braun
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Annabell Bachem
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elise Gressier
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robyn McConville
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simone L Park
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claerwen M Jones
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gayle M Davey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David E Gyorki
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Tscharke
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ian A Parish
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Turner
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marco J Herold
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tony Tiganis
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sammy Bedoui
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Gebhardt
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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23
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Type I interferons as key players in pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in type 1 diabetes. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 359:1-80. [PMID: 33832648 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by pancreatic islet inflammation (insulitis) and specific pancreatic β-cell destruction by an immune attack. Although the precise underlying mechanisms leading to the autoimmune assault remain poorly understood, it is well accepted that insulitis takes place in the context of a conflicting dialogue between pancreatic β-cells and the immune cells. Moreover, both host genetic background (i.e., candidate genes) and environmental factors (e.g., viral infections) contribute to this inadequate dialogue. Accumulating evidence indicates that type I interferons (IFNs), cytokines that are crucial for both innate and adaptive immune responses, act as key links between environmental and genetic risk factors in the development of T1D. This chapter summarizes some relevant pathways involved in β-cell dysfunction and death, and briefly reviews how enteroviral infections and genetic susceptibility can impact insulitis. Moreover, we present the current evidence showing that, in β-cells, type I IFN signaling pathway activation leads to several outcomes, such as long-lasting major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I hyperexpression, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, epigenetic changes, and induction of posttranscriptional as well as posttranslational modifications. MHC class I overexpression, when combined with ER stress and posttranscriptional/posttranslational modifications, might lead to sustained neoantigen presentation to immune system and β-cell apoptosis. This knowledge supports the concept that type I IFNs are implicated in the early stages of T1D pathogenesis. Finally, we highlight the promising therapeutic avenues for T1D treatment directed at type I IFN signaling pathway.
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24
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Wang YN, Liu S, Jia T, Feng Y, Zhang W, Xu X, Zhang D. T Cell Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase in Osteoimmunology. Front Immunol 2021; 12:620333. [PMID: 33692794 PMCID: PMC7938726 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.620333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoimmunology highlights the two-way communication between bone and immune cells. T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP), also known as protein-tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 2 (PTPN2), is an intracellular protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) essential in regulating immune responses and bone metabolism via dephosphorylating target proteins. Tcptp knockout in systemic or specific immune cells can seriously damage the immune function, resulting in bone metabolism disorders. This review provided fresh insights into the potential role of TCPTP in osteoimmunology. Overall, the regulation of osteoimmunology by TCPTP is extremely complicated. TCPTP negatively regulates macrophages activation and inflammatory factors secretion to inhibit bone resorption. TCPTP regulates T lymphocytes differentiation and T lymphocytes-related cytokines signaling to maintain bone homeostasis. TCPTP is also expected to regulate bone metabolism by targeting B lymphocytes under certain time and conditions. This review offers a comprehensive update on the roles of TCPTP in osteoimmunology, which can be a promising target for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Wang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Shiyue Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Jia
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Yao Feng
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Dongjiao Zhang
- Department of Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China.,Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
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25
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Clark M, Kroger CJ, Ke Q, Tisch RM. The Role of T Cell Receptor Signaling in the Development of Type 1 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2021; 11:615371. [PMID: 33603744 PMCID: PMC7884625 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.615371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell receptor (TCR) signaling influences multiple aspects of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immunobiology including thymic development, peripheral homeostasis, effector subset differentiation/function, and memory formation. Additional T cell signaling cues triggered by co-stimulatory molecules and cytokines also affect TCR signaling duration, as well as accessory pathways that further shape a T cell response. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a T cell-driven autoimmune disease targeting the insulin producing β cells in the pancreas. Evidence indicates that dysregulated TCR signaling events in T1D impact the efficacy of central and peripheral tolerance-inducing mechanisms. In this review, we will discuss how the strength and nature of TCR signaling events influence the development of self-reactive T cells and drive the progression of T1D through effects on T cell gene expression, lineage commitment, and maintenance of pathogenic anti-self T cell effector function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Clark
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Charles J Kroger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Qi Ke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Roland M Tisch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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26
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Castro-Sanchez P, Teagle AR, Prade S, Zamoyska R. Modulation of TCR Signaling by Tyrosine Phosphatases: From Autoimmunity to Immunotherapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:608747. [PMID: 33425916 PMCID: PMC7793860 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.608747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Early TCR signaling is dependent on rapid phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of multiple signaling and adaptor proteins, leading to T cell activation. This process is tightly regulated by an intricate web of interactions between kinases and phosphatases. A number of tyrosine phosphatases have been shown to modulate T cell responses and thus alter T cell fate by negatively regulating early TCR signaling. Mutations in some of these enzymes are associated with enhanced predisposition to autoimmunity in humans, and mouse models deficient in orthologous genes often show T cell hyper-activation. Therefore, phosphatases are emerging as potential targets in situations where it is desirable to enhance T cell responses, such as immune responses to tumors. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about tyrosine phosphatases that regulate early TCR signaling and discuss their involvement in autoimmunity and their potential as targets for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Castro-Sanchez
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra R Teagle
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sonja Prade
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rose Zamoyska
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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27
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Flosbach M, Oberle SG, Scherer S, Zecha J, von Hoesslin M, Wiede F, Chennupati V, Cullen JG, List M, Pauling JK, Baumbach J, Kuster B, Tiganis T, Zehn D. PTPN2 Deficiency Enhances Programmed T Cell Expansion and Survival Capacity of Activated T Cells. Cell Rep 2020; 32:107957. [PMID: 32726622 PMCID: PMC7408006 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Manipulating molecules that impact T cell receptor (TCR) or cytokine signaling, such as the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2), has significant potential for advancing T cell-based immunotherapies. Nonetheless, it remains unclear how PTPN2 impacts the activation, survival, and memory formation of T cells. We find that PTPN2 deficiency renders cells in vivo and in vitro less dependent on survival-promoting cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-15. Remarkably, briefly ex vivo-activated PTPN2-deficient T cells accumulate in 3- to 11-fold higher numbers following transfer into unmanipulated, antigen-free mice. Moreover, the absence of PTPN2 augments the survival of short-lived effector T cells and allows them to robustly re-expand upon secondary challenge. Importantly, we find no evidence for impaired effector function or memory formation. Mechanistically, PTPN2 deficiency causes broad changes in the expression and phosphorylation of T cell expansion and survival-associated proteins. Altogether, our data underline the therapeutic potential of targeting PTPN2 in T cell-based therapies to augment the number and survival capacity of antigen-specific T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Flosbach
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Susanne G Oberle
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Scherer
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany; Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jana Zecha
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Madlaina von Hoesslin
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Florian Wiede
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Vijaykumar Chennupati
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jolie G Cullen
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Markus List
- Big Data in BioMedicine Group, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Josch K Pauling
- ZD.B Junior Research Group LipiTUM, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Tony Tiganis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Dietmar Zehn
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany; Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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28
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Wiede F, Lu K, Du X, Liang S, Hochheiser K, Dodd GT, Goh PK, Kearney C, Meyran D, Beavis PA, Henderson MA, Park SL, Waithman J, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Oliaro J, Gebhardt T, Darcy PK, Tiganis T. PTPN2 phosphatase deletion in T cells promotes anti-tumour immunity and CAR T-cell efficacy in solid tumours. EMBO J 2020; 39:e103637. [PMID: 31803974 PMCID: PMC6960448 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although adoptive T-cell therapy has shown remarkable clinical efficacy in haematological malignancies, its success in combating solid tumours has been limited. Here, we report that PTPN2 deletion in T cells enhances cancer immunosurveillance and the efficacy of adoptively transferred tumour-specific T cells. T-cell-specific PTPN2 deficiency prevented tumours forming in aged mice heterozygous for the tumour suppressor p53. Adoptive transfer of PTPN2-deficient CD8+ T cells markedly repressed tumour formation in mice bearing mammary tumours. Moreover, PTPN2 deletion in T cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) specific for the oncoprotein HER-2 increased the activation of the Src family kinase LCK and cytokine-induced STAT-5 signalling, thereby enhancing both CAR T-cell activation and homing to CXCL9/10-expressing tumours to eradicate HER-2+ mammary tumours in vivo. Our findings define PTPN2 as a target for bolstering T-cell-mediated anti-tumour immunity and CAR T-cell therapy against solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Wiede
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVic.Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVic.Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Kun‐Hui Lu
- Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Xin Du
- Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVic.Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Shuwei Liang
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVic.Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVic.Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Katharina Hochheiser
- Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVic.Australia
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Garron T Dodd
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVic.Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVic.Australia
| | - Pei K Goh
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVic.Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVic.Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVic.Australia
| | | | | | - Paul A Beavis
- Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVic.Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
| | | | - Simone L Park
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Jason Waithman
- Telethon Kids InstituteUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular PharmacologyInstitute for Drug DiscoveryPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Zhong‐Yin Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular PharmacologyInstitute for Drug DiscoveryPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Jane Oliaro
- Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVic.Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Thomas Gebhardt
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Phillip K Darcy
- Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVic.Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Tony Tiganis
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVic.Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVic.Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVic.Australia
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