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Qiu Z, Cui J, Huang Q, Qi B, Xia Z. Roles of O-GlcNAcylation in Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:571. [PMID: 38790676 PMCID: PMC11117601 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein posttranslational modifications are important factors that mediate the fine regulation of signaling molecules. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine-modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is a monosaccharide modification on N-acetylglucosamine linked to the hydroxyl terminus of serine and threonine of proteins. O-GlcNAcylation is responsive to cellular stress as a reversible and posttranslational modification of nuclear, mitochondrial and cytoplasmic proteins. Mitochondrial proteins are the main targets of O-GlcNAcylation and O-GlcNAcylation is a key regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis by directly regulating the mitochondrial proteome or protein activity and function. Disruption of O-GlcNAcylation is closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction. More importantly, the O-GlcNAcylation of cardiac proteins has been proven to be protective or harmful to cardiac function. Mitochondrial homeostasis is crucial for cardiac contractile function and myocardial cell metabolism, and the imbalance of mitochondrial homeostasis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this review, we will focus on the interactions between protein O-GlcNAcylation and mitochondrial homeostasis and provide insights on the role of mitochondrial protein O-GlcNAcylation in CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (Z.Q.); (J.C.); (Q.H.)
| | - Jiahui Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (Z.Q.); (J.C.); (Q.H.)
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (Z.Q.); (J.C.); (Q.H.)
| | - Biao Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei 672 Orthopaedics Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan Orthopaedics Hospital of Intergrated Traditional Medicine Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhongyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (Z.Q.); (J.C.); (Q.H.)
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Lin D, Zhang N, Wu S, Wang S, Huang F, Lin Y, Zhao A, Guo F, Gan Q, Wang W. Structural Analysis and Novel Mechanism of Enteromorpha prolifera Sulfated Polysaccharide in Preventing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 79:98-105. [PMID: 38085440 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01129-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
A water-soluble polysaccharide (EP) was purified from edible algae Enteromorpha prolifera. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), ion chromatography (IC), and fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) were performed to characterize its structure. EP was defined as a low molecular weight (6625 Da) composed of rhamnose, glucose, glucuronic acid, xylose, galactose, arabinose, and mannose. Moreover, it was a sulfated polysaccharide with a degree of substitution (DS) of 1.48. Then, the high-fat diet/streptozotocin (HFD/STZ) induced diabetic mouse model was established to support evidence for a novel hypoglycemic mechanism. Results showed that blood glucose (47.32%), liver index (7.65%), epididymal fat index (16.86%), serum total cholesterol (26.78%) and triglyceride (37.61%) in the high-dose EP (HEP) group were significantly lower than those in the HFD group. Noticeably, the content of liver glycogen in the HEP group was significantly higher (62.62%) than that in the HFD group, indicating the promotion of glycogen synthesis. These beneficial effects were attributed to significantly increased protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation and its downstream signaling response. Further studies showed that diabetic mice exhibited excessive O-GlcNAcylation level and high expression of O-linked β-D-N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), which were decreased by 62.21 and 30.43% in the HEP group. This result suggested that EP had a similar effect to OGT inhibitors, which restored AKT phosphorylation and prevented pathoglycemia. This work reveals a novel hypoglycemic mechanism of EP, providing a theoretical basis for further studies on its pharmacological properties in improvement of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Siyi Wu
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Shuting Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Yong Lin
- Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, 350101, Fujian, China
| | - Aili Zhao
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Fuchuan Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Qiaorong Gan
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 35000, Fujian, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.
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Flanary SM, Jo S, Ravichandran R, Alejandro EU, Barocas VH. A computational bridge between traction force microscopy and tissue contraction. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 2023; 134:074901. [PMID: 37593660 PMCID: PMC10431945 DOI: 10.1063/5.0157507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Arterial wall active mechanics are driven by resident smooth muscle cells, which respond to biological, chemical, and mechanical stimuli and activate their cytoskeletal machinery to generate contractile stresses. The cellular mechanoresponse is sensitive to environmental perturbations, often leading to maladaptation and disease progression. When investigated at the single cell scale, however, these perturbations do not consistently result in phenotypes observed at the tissue scale. Here, a multiscale model is introduced that translates microscale contractility signaling into a macroscale, tissue-level response. The microscale framework incorporates a biochemical signaling network along with characterization of fiber networks that govern the anisotropic mechanics of vascular tissue. By incorporating both biochemical and mechanical components, the model is more flexible and more broadly applicable to physiological and pathological conditions. The model can be applied to both cell and tissue scale systems, allowing for the analysis of in vitro, traction force microscopy and ex vivo, isometric contraction experiments in parallel. When applied to aortic explant rings and isolated smooth muscle cells, the model predicts that active contractility is not a function of stretch at intermediate strain. The model also successfully predicts cell-scale and tissue-scale contractility and matches experimentally observed behaviors, including the hypercontractile phenotype caused by chronic hyperglycemia. The connection of the microscale framework to the macroscale through the multiscale model presents a framework that can translate the wealth of information already collected at the cell scale to tissue scale phenotypes, potentially easing the development of smooth muscle cell-targeting therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M. Flanary
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Seokwon Jo
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Rohit Ravichandran
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Emilyn U. Alejandro
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Victor H. Barocas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Jo S, Beetch M, Gustafson E, Wong A, Oribamise E, Chung G, Vadrevu S, Satin LS, Bernal-Mizrachi E, Alejandro EU. Sex Differences in Pancreatic β-Cell Physiology and Glucose Homeostasis in C57BL/6J Mice. J Endocr Soc 2023; 7:bvad099. [PMID: 37873500 PMCID: PMC10590649 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of sexual dimorphism has been highlighted in recent years since the National Institutes of Health's mandate on considering sex as a biological variable. Although recent studies have taken strides to study both sexes side by side, investigations into the normal physiological differences between males and females are limited. In this study, we aimed to characterized sex-dependent differences in glucose metabolism and pancreatic β-cell physiology in normal conditions using C57BL/6J mice, the most common mouse strain used in metabolic studies. Here, we report that female mice have improved glucose and insulin tolerance associated with lower nonfasted blood glucose and insulin levels compared with male mice at 3 and 6 months of age. Both male and female animals show β-cell mass expansion from embryonic day 17.5 to adulthood, and no sex differences were observed at embryonic day 17.5, newborn, 1 month, or 3 months of age. However, 6-month-old males displayed increased β-cell mass in response to insulin resistance compared with littermate females. Molecularly, we uncovered sexual dimorphic alterations in the protein levels of nutrient sensing proteins O-GlcNAc transferase and mTOR, as well as differences in glucose-stimulus coupling mechanisms that may underlie the differences in sexually dimorphic β-cell physiology observed in C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokwon Jo
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Megan Beetch
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Eric Gustafson
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Alicia Wong
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Eunice Oribamise
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Grace Chung
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Suryakiran Vadrevu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Leslie S Satin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ernesto Bernal-Mizrachi
- Diabetes, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Miami VA Healthcare System and Division Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33125, USA
| | - Emilyn U Alejandro
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Sun X, Ping Y, Li X, Mao Y, Chen Y, Shi L, Hong X, Chen L, Chen S, Cao Z, Chen P, Song Z, Wismeijer D, Wu G, Ji Y, Huang S. Activation of PGC-1α-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis supports therapeutic effects of silibinin against type I diabetic periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:964-979. [PMID: 36940707 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether silibinin impacts diabetic periodontitis (DP) via mitochondrial regulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo, rats were divided into control, diabetes, DP and DP combined with silibinin groups. Diabetes and periodontitis were induced by streptozocin and silk ligation, respectively. Bone turnover was evaluated by microcomputed tomography, histology and immunohistochemistry. In vitro, human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) with or without silibinin. Osteogenic function was analysed by Alizarin Red and alkaline phosphatase staining. Mitochondrial function and biogenesis were investigated by mitochondrial imaging assays and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Activator and lentivirus-mediated knockdown of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), a critical regulator of mitochondria biogenesis, was used to explore the mitochondrial mechanisms. RESULTS Silibinin attenuated periodontal destruction and mitochondrial dysfunction and enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and PGC-1α expression in rats with DP. Meanwhile, silibinin promoted cell proliferation, osteogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis and increased the PGC-1α level in hPDLCs exposed to H2 O2 . Silibinin also protected PGC-1α from proteolysis in hPDLCs. Furthermore, both silibinin and activator of PGC-1α ameliorated cellular injury and mitochondrial abnormalities in hPDLCs, while knockdown of PGC-1α abolished the beneficial effect of silibinin. CONCLUSIONS Silibinin attenuated DP through the promotion of PGC-1α-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Sun
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Prosthetic and Implantology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VUA), Amsterdam Movement Science, de Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yifan Ping
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xumin Li
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VUA), Amsterdam Movement Science, de Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory for Myology, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VUA), de Boelelaan, 1108, The Netherlands
| | - Yixin Mao
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Laboratory for Myology, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VUA), de Boelelaan, 1108, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Chen
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lixi Shi
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Hong
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuhong Chen
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zelin Cao
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Zhongchen Song
- Department of Periodontology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Daniel Wismeijer
- Department of Prosthetic and Implantology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VUA), Amsterdam Movement Science, de Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Prosthetic and Implantology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VUA), Amsterdam Movement Science, de Boelelaan, 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yinhui Ji
- Department of Stomatology, Dong Yang People's Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Shengbin Huang
- Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Zierden HC, Marx-Rattner R, Rock KD, Montgomery KR, Anastasiadis P, Folts L, Bale TL. Extracellular vesicles are dynamic regulators of maternal glucose homeostasis during pregnancy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4568. [PMID: 36941297 PMCID: PMC10027885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31425-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic regulation of the maternal milieu during pregnancy is critical for maternal and fetal health. The placenta facilitates critical communication between maternal and fetal compartments, in part, through the production of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs enable tissue synchrony via cell-cell and long-distance communication and are at their highest circulating concentration during pregnancy. While much work has been done investigating how physiological challenges in pregnancy affect the fetus, the role of placental communication in maternal health has not been well examined. We previously identified placental O-glycosyl transferase (OGT), a glucose-sensing enzyme, as a target of maternal stress where OGT levels and activity affected the O-glycosylation of proteins critical for EV cargo loading and secretion. Here, we hypothesized that placental OGT plays an essential role in maternal homeostatic regulation during pregnancy via its regulation of maternal circulating EV concentrations. Our studies found that changes to key metabolic factors over the circadian cycle, including glucocorticoids, insulin, and glucose, were significantly associated with changes in circulating EV concentration. Targeting placental OGT in mice, we found a novel significant positive relationship between placental OGT and maternal circulating EV concentration that was associated with improving maternal glucose tolerance during pregnancy. Finally, an intravenous elevation in EVs, matching the concentration of EVs during pregnancy, shifted non-pregnant female glucose sensitivity, blunted glucose variance, and improved synchrony of glucose uptake. These data suggest an important and novel role for circulating EVs as homeostatic regulators important in maternal health during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C Zierden
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Ruth Marx-Rattner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Kylie D Rock
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Kristen R Montgomery
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Pavlos Anastasiadis
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Lillian Folts
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Tracy L Bale
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- The Anschutz Foundation Endowed Chair in Women's Integrated Mental and Physical Health Research at the Ludeman Center, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, CU Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Wong A, Pritchard S, Moore M, Akhaphong B, Avula N, Beetch M, Fujitani Y, Alejandro EU. Overexpression of Pdx1, reduction of p53, or deletion of CHOP attenuates pancreas hypoplasia in mice with pancreas-specific O-GlcNAc transferase deletion. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102878. [PMID: 36623733 PMCID: PMC9932656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Deletion of O-GlcNAc transferase (Ogt) in pancreatic epithelial progenitor cells results in pancreatic hypoplasia at birth, partly due to increased apoptosis during embryonic development. Constitutive loss of Ogt in β-cells results in increased ER stress and apoptosis, and in the Ogt-deficient pancreas, transcriptomic data previously revealed both tumor suppressor protein p53 and pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1), key cell survival proteins in the developing pancreas, as upstream regulators of differentially expressed genes. However, the specific roles of these genes in pancreatic hypoplasia are unclear. In this study, we explored the independent roles of p53, ER stress protein CHOP, and Pdx1 in pancreas development and their use in the functional rescue of pancreatic hypoplasia in the context of Ogt loss. Using in vivo genetic manipulation and morphometric analysis, we show that Ogt plays a key regulatory role in pancreas development. Heterozygous, but not homozygous, loss of pancreatic p53 afforded a partial rescue of β-cell, α-cell, and exocrine cell masses, while whole body loss of CHOP afforded a partial rescue in pancreas weight and a full rescue in exocrine cell mass. However, neither was sufficient to fully mitigate pancreatic hypoplasia at birth in the Ogt-deficient pancreas. Furthermore, overexpression of Pdx1 in the pancreatic epithelium resulted in partial rescues in pancreas weight and β-cell mass in the Ogt loss background. These findings highlight the requirement of Ogt in pancreas development by targeting multiple proteins such as transcription factor Pdx1 and p53 in the developing pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Wong
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Samantha Pritchard
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mackenzie Moore
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Brian Akhaphong
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nandini Avula
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Megan Beetch
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yoshio Fujitani
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Emilyn U Alejandro
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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8
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PDX-1: A Promising Therapeutic Target to Reverse Diabetes. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121785. [PMID: 36551213 PMCID: PMC9775243 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The pancreatic duodenum homeobox-1 (PDX-1) is a transcription factor encoded by a Hox-like homeodomain gene that plays a crucial role in pancreatic development, β-cell differentiation, and the maintenance of mature β-cell functions. Research on the relationship between PDX-1 and diabetes has gained much attention because of the increasing prevalence of diabetes melitus (DM). Recent studies have shown that the overexpression of PDX-1 regulates pancreatic development and promotes β-cell differentiation and insulin secretion. It also plays a vital role in cell remodeling, gene editing, and drug development. Conversely, the absence of PDX-1 increases susceptibility to DM. Therefore, in this review, we summarized the role of PDX-1 in pancreatic development and the pathogenesis of DM. A better understanding of PDX-1 will deepen our knowledge of the pathophysiology of DM and provide a scientific basis for exploring PDX-1 as a potential target for treating diabetes.
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9
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Jo S, Pritchard S, Wong A, Avula N, Essawy A, Hanover J, Alejandro EU. Pancreatic β-cell hyper-O-GlcNAcylation leads to impaired glucose homeostasis in vivo. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1040014. [PMID: 36387851 PMCID: PMC9644030 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1040014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein O-GlcNAcylation is a nutrient and stress-sensitive protein post-translational modification (PTM). The addition of an O-GlcNAc molecule to proteins is catalyzed by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), whereas O-GlcNAcase (OGA) enzyme is responsible for removal of this PTM. Previous work showed that OGT is highly expressed in the pancreas, and we demonstrated that hypo-O-GlcNAcylation in β-cells cause severe diabetes in mice. These studies show a direct link between nutrient-sensitive OGT and β-cell health and function. In the current study, we hypothesized that hyper-O-GlcNAcylation may confer protection from β-cell failure in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. To test this hypothesis, we generated a mouse model with constitutive β-cell OGA ablation (βOGAKO) to specifically increase O-GlcNAcylation in β-cells. Under normal chow diet, young male and female βOGAKO mice exhibited normal glucose tolerance but developed glucose intolerance with aging, relative to littermate controls. No alteration in β-cell mass was observed between βOGAKO and littermate controls. Total insulin content was reduced despite an increase in pro-insulin to insulin ratio in βOGAKO islets. βOGAKO mice showed deficit in insulin secretion in vivo and in vitro. When young animals were subjected to HFD, both male and female βOGAKO mice displayed normal body weight gain and insulin tolerance but developed glucose intolerance that worsened with longer exposure to HFD. Comparable β-cell mass was found between βOGAKO and littermate controls. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the loss of OGA in β-cells reduces β-cell function, thereby perturbing glucose homeostasis. The findings reinforce the rheostat model of intracellular O-GlcNAcylation where too much (OGA loss) or too little (OGT loss) O-GlcNAcylation are both detrimental to the β-cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokwon Jo
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Samantha Pritchard
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Alicia Wong
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Nandini Avula
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ahmad Essawy
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - John Hanover
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Emilyn U. Alejandro
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Davidson RK, Weaver SA, Casey N, Kanojia S, Hogarth E, Aguirre RS, Sims EK, Evans-Molina C, Spaeth JM. The Chd4 subunit of the NuRD complex regulates Pdx1-controlled genes involved in β-cell function. J Mol Endocrinol 2022; 69:329-341. [PMID: 35521759 PMCID: PMC9260723 DOI: 10.1530/jme-22-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with loss of transcription factors (TFs) from a subset of failing β-cells. Among these TFs is Pdx1, which controls the expression of numerous genes involved in maintaining β-cell function and identity. Pdx1 activity is modulated by transcriptional coregulators and has recently been shown, through an unbiased screen, to interact with the Chd4 ATPase subunit of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase complex. Chd4 contributes to the maintenance of cellular identity and functional status of numerous different cell types. Here, we demonstrated that Pdx1 dynamically interacts with Chd4 under physiological and stimulatory conditions within islet β-cells and established a fundamental role for Chd4 in regulating insulin secretion and modulating numerous Pdx1-bound genes in vitro, including the MafA TF, where we discovered Chd4 is bound to the MafA region 3 enhancer. Furthermore, we found that Pdx1:Chd4 interactions are significantly compromised in islet β-cells under metabolically induced stress in vivo and in human donor tissues with T2D. Our findings establish a fundamental role for Chd4 in regulating insulin secretion and modulating Pdx1-bound genes in vitro, and disruption of Pdx1:Chd4 interactions coincides with β-cell dysfunction associated with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K. Davidson
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Center for Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Staci A. Weaver
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Center for Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Nolan Casey
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Center for Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Sukrati Kanojia
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Center for Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Elise Hogarth
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Rebecca Schneider Aguirre
- Center for Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Emily K. Sims
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Center for Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Center for Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jason M. Spaeth
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Center for Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Corresponding Author: Address: 635 Barnhill Drive, MS 2021, Indianapolis, IN 46202 (JMS), (JMS)
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Moore M, Avula N, Wong A, Beetch M, Jo S, Alejandro EU. Reduction in O-GlcNAcylation Mitigates the Severity of Inflammatory Response in Cerulein-Induced Acute Pancreatitis in a Mouse Model. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030347. [PMID: 35336721 PMCID: PMC8945657 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) involves premature trypsinogen activation, which mediates a cascade of pro-inflammatory signaling that causes early stages of pancreatic injury. Activation of the transcription factor κB (NF-κB) and secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators are major events in AP. O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), a stress-sensitive enzyme, was recently implicated to regulate NF-κB activation and inflammation in AP in vitro. This study aims to determine whether a pancreas-specific transgenic reduction in OGT in a mouse model affects the severity of AP in vivo. Mice with reduced pancreatic OGT (OGTPanc+/-) at 8 weeks of age were randomized to cerulein, which induces pancreatitis, or saline injections. AP was confirmed by elevated amylase levels and on histological analysis. The histological scoring demonstrated that OGTPanc+/- mice had decreased severity of AP. Additionally, serum lipase, LDH, and TNF-α in OGTPanc+/- did not significantly increase in response to cerulein treatment as compared to controls, suggesting attenuated AP induction in this model. Our study reveals the effect of reducing pancreatic OGT levels on the severity of pancreatitis, warranting further investigation on the role of OGT in the pathology of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie Moore
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.M.); (N.A.); (M.B.); (S.J.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Nandini Avula
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.M.); (N.A.); (M.B.); (S.J.)
| | - Alicia Wong
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Megan Beetch
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.M.); (N.A.); (M.B.); (S.J.)
| | - Seokwon Jo
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.M.); (N.A.); (M.B.); (S.J.)
| | - Emilyn U. Alejandro
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; (M.M.); (N.A.); (M.B.); (S.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-612-301-7685
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Lockridge A, Hanover JA. A nexus of lipid and O-Glcnac metabolism in physiology and disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:943576. [PMID: 36111295 PMCID: PMC9468787 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.943576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although traditionally considered a glucose metabolism-associated modification, the O-linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) regulatory system interacts extensively with lipids and is required to maintain lipid homeostasis. The enzymes of O-GlcNAc cycling have molecular properties consistent with those expected of broad-spectrum environmental sensors. By direct protein-protein interactions and catalytic modification, O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes may provide both acute and long-term adaptation to stress and other environmental stimuli such as nutrient availability. Depending on the cell type, hyperlipidemia potentiates or depresses O-GlcNAc levels, sometimes biphasically, through a diversity of unique mechanisms that target UDP-GlcNAc synthesis and the availability, activity and substrate selectivity of the glycosylation enzymes, O-GlcNAc Transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). At the same time, OGT activity in multiple tissues has been implicated in the homeostatic regulation of systemic lipid uptake, storage and release. Hyperlipidemic patterns of O-GlcNAcylation in these cells are consistent with both transient physiological adaptation and feedback uninhibited obesogenic and metabolic dysregulation. In this review, we summarize the numerous interconnections between lipid and O-GlcNAc metabolism. These links provide insights into how the O-GlcNAc regulatory system may contribute to lipid-associated diseases including obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Ding Y, Zhang S, Guo Q, Zheng H. Mitochondrial Diabetes is Associated with tRNA Leu(UUR) A3243G and ND6 T14502C Mutations. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:1687-1701. [PMID: 35685248 PMCID: PMC9172734 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s363978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In particular, m.A3243G is the most common T2DM-related mtDNA mutation in many families worldwide. However, the clinical features and pathophysiology of m.A3243G-induced T2DM are largely undefined. METHODS Two pedigrees with maternally inherited T2DM were underwent clinical, molecular and biochemical assessments. The mtDNA genes were PCR amplified and sequenced. Mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured in polymononuclear leukocytes derived from three patients with both the m.A3243G and m.T14502C mutations, three patients with only the m.A3243G mutation and three controls without these mutations. Moreover, GJB2, GJB3 and GJB6 mutations were screened by PCR-Sanger sequencing. RESULTS Members of the two pedigrees manifestated variable clinical phenotypes including diabetes and hearing and vision impairments. The age at onset of T2DM varied from 31 to 66 years, with an average of 41 years. Mutational analysis of mitochondrial genomes indicated the presence of the m.A3243G mutation in both pedigrees. Matrilineal relatives in one of the pedigrees harbored the coexisting of m.A3243G and m.T14502C mutations. Remarkably, the m.T14502C mutation, which causes the substitution of a conserved isoleucine for valine at position 58 in ND6 mRNA, may affect the mitochondrial respiratory chain functions. Biochemical analysis revealed that cell lines bearing both the m.A3243G and m.T14502C mutations exhibited greater reductions in ATP levels and increased ROS production compared with those carrying only the m.A3243G mutation. However, we did not find any mutations in the GJB2, GJB3 and GJB6 genes. CONCLUSION Our study indicated that mitochondrial diabetes is associated with the tRNALeu(UUR) A3243G and ND6 T14502C mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- Central Laboratory, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yu Ding, Central Laboratory, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-571-56005600, Email
| | - Shunrong Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinxian Guo
- Central Laboratory, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Central Laboratory, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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