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Orlandi M, Pranno N, Patel V, Papi P, Di Murro B, Pompa G, Polimeni A, Letizia C, Suvan J, D'Aiuto F. Peri-implant diseases and systemic inflammation: A preliminary analysis from a cross-sectional survey of patients with hypertension. J Periodontol 2024; 95:525-534. [PMID: 38742572 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the association between peri-implant diseases and systemic inflammation assessed by serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in a sample of patients with hypertension. METHODS A total of 151 participants with hypertension were included in a cross-sectional study. The population was divided into six groups according to their peri-implant and periodontal status (healthy controls, mucositis, peri-implantitis, periodontitis, periodontitis and mucositis, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis). Linear, logistic regression, and correlation analyses were performed. RESULTS CRP levels were statistically significantly higher in participants with periodontitis alone (median 3.2 mg/L, interquartile range [IQR] 1.8, p = 0.012), combined with mucositis (3.10 mg/L, IQR 2.35, p < 0.001) or peri-implantitis (2.7 mg/L, IQR 2.53, p = 0.002) when compared to the healthy controls (1 mg/L, IQR 1.2). This association was independent of age, sex, smoking status, and adiposity differences. Participants with periodontitis with and without peri-implant diseases had the greatest odds of exhibiting CRP > 3 mg/L (odds ratio = 7.3, 95% confidence interval 1.6-33.9). CONCLUSIONS Peri-implant diseases are associated with systemic inflammation, but the nature of the association should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Orlandi
- University College London (UCL) Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Nicola Pranno
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vipul Patel
- University College London (UCL) Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Piero Papi
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Bianca Di Murro
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pompa
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Polimeni
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Letizia
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Precision and Translational Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jeanie Suvan
- University College London (UCL) Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Francesco D'Aiuto
- University College London (UCL) Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
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2
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Mei EH, Yao C, Chen YN, Nan SX, Qi SC. Multifunctional role of oral bacteria in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:688-702. [PMID: 38818294 PMCID: PMC11135273 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i5.688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of liver disorders of varying severity, ultimately leading to fibrosis. This spectrum primarily consists of NAFL and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is closely associated with disturbances in the gut microbiota and impairment of the intestinal barrier. Non-gut commensal flora, particularly bacteria, play a pivotal role in the progression of NAFLD. Notably, Porphyromonas gingivalis, a principal bacterium involved in periodontitis, is known to facilitate lipid accumulation, augment immune responses, and induce insulin resistance, thereby exacerbating fibrosis in cases of periodontitis-associated NAFLD. The influence of oral microbiota on NAFLD via the "oral-gut-liver" axis is gaining recognition, offering a novel perspective for NAFLD management through microbial imbalance correction. This review endeavors to encapsulate the intricate roles of oral bacteria in NAFLD and explore underlying mechanisms, emphasizing microbial control strategies as a viable therapeutic avenue for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Hua Mei
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Department of Prothodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxiofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Chao Yao
- Department of Prothodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxiofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Yi-Nan Chen
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Shun-Xue Nan
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Sheng-Cai Qi
- Department of Prothodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxiofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China.
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3
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Li SX, Guo Y. Gut microbiome: New perspectives for type 2 diabetes prevention and treatment. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:7508-7520. [DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i31.7508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is distinguished by increased glucose levels in the bloodstream, is a metabolic disease with a rapidly increasing incidence worldwide. Nevertheless, the etiology and characteristics of the mechanism of T2DM remain unclear. Recently, abundant evidence has indicated that the intestinal microbiota is crucially involved in the initiation and progression of T2DM. The gut microbiome, the largest microecosystem, engages in material and energy metabolism in the human body. In this review, we concentrated on the correlation between the gut flora and T2DM. Meanwhile, we summarized the pathogenesis involving the intestinal flora in T2DM, as well as therapeutic approaches aimed at modulating the gut microbiota for the management of T2DM. Through the analysis presented here, we draw attention to further exploration of these research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xiao Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yan Guo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
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4
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van der Putten GJ, de Baat C. An Overview of Systemic Health Factors Related to Rapid Oral Health Deterioration among Older People. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4306. [PMID: 37445340 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral health of older individuals can be negatively impacted by various systemic health factors, leading to rapid oral health deterioration. This paper aims to present an overview of the published evidence on systemic health factors that contribute to rapid oral health deterioration in older individuals, and to explore the implications of these factors for both general healthcare and oral healthcare provision. Older people are at risk of experiencing adverse reactions to medications due to multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Hyposalivation, a significant side effect of some medications, can be induced by both the type and number of medications used. Frailty, disability, sarcopenia, care dependency, and limited access to professional oral healthcare can also compromise the oral health of older people. To prevent rapid oral health deterioration, a comprehensive approach is required that involves effective communication between oral healthcare providers, other healthcare providers, and informal caregivers. Oral healthcare providers have a responsibility to advocate for the importance of maintaining adequate oral health and to raise awareness of the serious consequences of weakened oral health. By doing so, we can prevent weakened oral health from becoming a geriatric syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gert-Jan van der Putten
- Orpea Dagelijks Leven, 7327 AA Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
- Department of Dentistry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cees de Baat
- Fresh Unieke Mondzorg, 2411 NT Bodegraven, The Netherlands
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5
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Hu J, Song J, Chen Z, Yang J, Shi Q, Jin F, Pang Q, Chang X, Tian Y, Luo Y, Chen L. Reverse causal relationship between periodontitis and shortened telomere length: Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian random analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1057602. [PMID: 36601105 PMCID: PMC9806346 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1057602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies have demonstrated a link between shortened telomere lengths(TL) and chronic periodontitis. However, whether the shortened TL is the cause or the result of periodontitis is unknown.Therefore, our objective was to investigate a bidirectional causal relationship between periodontitis and TL using a two-sample Mendel randomized (MR) study. Methods A two-sample bidirectional MR analysis using publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) data was used. As the primary analysis, inverse variance weighting (IVW) was employed. To identify pleiotropy, we used leave-one-out analysis, MR-Egger, Weighted median, Simple mode, Weighted mode, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO). Results In reverse MR results, a genetic prediction of short TL was causally associated with a higher risk of periodontitis (IVW: odds ratio [OR]: 1.0601, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0213 to 1.1002; P =0.0021) and other complementary MR methods. In the forward MR analysis, periodontitis was shown to have no significant effect on TL (IVW: p = 0.7242), with consistent results for the remaining complementary MR. No pleiotropy was detected in sensitivity analysis (all P>0.05). Conclusion Our MR studies showed a reverse causal relationship, with shorten TL being linked to a higher risk of periodontitis, rather than periodontitis shorten that TL. Future research is needed to investigate the relationship between cell senescence and the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Hu
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Stomatology Hospital of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China,School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jukun Song
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital & Stomatology of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Stomatology Hospital of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Stomatology Hospital of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Qianhui Shi
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Stomatology Hospital of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Fuqian Jin
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Stomatology Hospital of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China,School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Qiyuan Pang
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Stomatology Hospital of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xingtao Chang
- School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Stomatology Hospital of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China,School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,*Correspondence: Yi Luo, ; Liming Chen,
| | - Liming Chen
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Stomatology Hospital of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China,School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China,*Correspondence: Yi Luo, ; Liming Chen,
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6
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Verma AK, Singh P, Al-Saeed FA, Ahmed AE, Kumar S, Kumar A, Dev K, Dohare R. Unravelling the role of telomere shortening with ageing and their potential association with diabetes, cancer, and related lifestyle factors. Tissue Cell 2022; 79:101925. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Liu J, Dan R, Zhou X, Xiang J, Wang J, Liu J. Immune senescence and periodontitis: From mechanism to therapy. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:1025-1040. [PMID: 36218054 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr0822-645rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent infectious inflammatory diseases, characterized by irreversible destruction of the supporting tissues of teeth, which is correlated with a greater risk of multiple systemic diseases, thus regarded as a major health concern. Dysregulation between periodontal microbial community and host immunity is considered to be the leading cause of periodontitis. Comprehensive studies have unveiled the double-edged role of immune response in the development of periodontitis. Immune senescence, which is described as age-related alterations in immune system, including a diminished immune response to endogenous and exogenous stimuli, a decline in the efficiency of immune protection, and even failure in immunity build-up after vaccination, leads to the increased susceptibility to infection. Recently, the intimate relationship between immune senescence and periodontitis has come into focus, especially in the aging population. In this review, both periodontal immunity and immune senescence will be fully introduced, especially their roles in the pathology and progression of periodontitis. Furthermore, novel immunotherapies targeting immune senescence are presented to provide potential targets for research and clinical intervention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- Laboratory for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruichen Dan
- Laboratory for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueman Zhou
- Laboratory for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Laboratory for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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8
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Al-Daghri NM, Abdi S, Sabico S, Alnaami AM, Wani KA, Ansari MGA, Khattak MNK, Khan N, Tripathi G, Chrousos GP, McTernan PG. Gut-Derived Endotoxin and Telomere Length Attrition in Adults with and without Type 2 Diabetes. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1693. [PMID: 34827691 PMCID: PMC8615790 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature aging, as denoted by a reduced telomere length (TL), has been observed in several chronic inflammatory diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, no study to date has addressed the potential inflammatory influence of the gut-derived Gram-negative bacterial fragments lipopolysaccharide, also referred to as endotoxin, and its influence on TL in low-grade inflammatory states such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The current study therefore investigated the influence of endotoxin and inflammatory factors on telomere length (TL) in adults with (T2DM: n = 387) and without (non-diabetic (ND) controls: n = 417) obesity and T2DM. Anthropometric characteristics were taken, and fasted blood samples were used to measure biomarkers, TL, and endotoxin. The findings from this study highlighted across all participants that circulating endotoxin (r = -0.17, p = 0.01) was inversely associated with TL, noting that endotoxin and triglycerides predicted 18% of the variance perceived in TL (p < 0.001). Further stratification of the participants according to T2DM status and sex highlighted that endotoxin significantly predicted 19% of the variance denoted in TL among male T2DM participants (p = 0.007), where TL was notably influenced. The influence on TL was not observed to be impacted by anti-T2DM medications, statins, or anti-hypertensive therapies. Taken together, these results show that TL attrition was inversely associated with circulating endotoxin levels independent of the presence of T2DM and other cardiometabolic factors, suggesting that low-grade chronic inflammation may trigger premature biological aging. The findings further highlight the clinical relevance of mitigating the levels of circulating endotoxin (e.g., manipulation of gut microbiome) not only for the prevention of chronic diseases but also to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser M. Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (S.S.); (A.M.A.); (K.A.W.); (M.G.A.A.); (M.N.K.K.)
| | - Saba Abdi
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (S.S.); (A.M.A.); (K.A.W.); (M.G.A.A.); (M.N.K.K.)
| | - Shaun Sabico
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (S.S.); (A.M.A.); (K.A.W.); (M.G.A.A.); (M.N.K.K.)
| | - Abdullah M. Alnaami
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (S.S.); (A.M.A.); (K.A.W.); (M.G.A.A.); (M.N.K.K.)
| | - Kaiser A. Wani
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (S.S.); (A.M.A.); (K.A.W.); (M.G.A.A.); (M.N.K.K.)
| | - Mohammed G. A. Ansari
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (S.S.); (A.M.A.); (K.A.W.); (M.G.A.A.); (M.N.K.K.)
| | - Malak Nawaz Khan Khattak
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (S.S.); (A.M.A.); (K.A.W.); (M.G.A.A.); (M.N.K.K.)
| | - Nasiruddin Khan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Applied and Health Sciences, A’Sharqiyah University, Ibra 400, Oman;
| | - Gyanendra Tripathi
- Human Sciences Research Centre, School of Human Sciences, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK;
| | - George P. Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Philip G. McTernan
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 8NS, UK
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9
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The relationship between telomere length and putative markers of vascular ageing: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 201:111604. [PMID: 34774607 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Accelerated biological aging contributes to the evolution of cardiovascular disease. However, its influence on subclinical organ damage remains unclear. Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is emerging as a marker of biological cardiovascular aging. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the association between LTL and measures of end-organ damage. PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cinahl Plus, ClinicalTrials.gov, and grey literature databases were searched for studies that assessed the association of LTL with arterial pulse wave velocity (aPWV), carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), left ventricular mass (LVM or LVMI), renal outcomes, coronary artery calcium (CAC) and presence of carotid plaques. In a sample of 7256 patients, we found that cIMT (pooled correlation coefficient (r) = -0.249; 95 %CI -0.37, -0.128) and aPWV (pooled r = -0.194; 95 % CI -0.290, -0.100) inversely correlate with LTL. Compared to aPWV, cIMT had a stronger correlation with LTL. Patients without carotid plaques had longer telomeres than patients with carotid plaques. Quantitative analyses documented LTL association with renal outcomes and CAC, but not with LVM/LVMI. Among measures of end-organ damage, cIMT and aPWV provide the most accurate information on the contribution of biological aging to the process of vascular remodeling/damage.
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10
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Kuraji R, Sekino S, Kapila Y, Numabe Y. Periodontal disease-related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: An emerging concept of oral-liver axis. Periodontol 2000 2021; 87:204-240. [PMID: 34463983 PMCID: PMC8456799 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal disease, a chronic inflammatory disease of the periodontal tissues, is not only a major cause of tooth loss, but it is also known to exacerbate/be associated with various metabolic disorders, such as obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease. Recently, growing evidence has suggested that periodontal disease has adverse effects on the pathophysiology of liver disease. In particular, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, has been associated with periodontal disease. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is characterized by hepatic fat deposition in the absence of a habitual drinking history, viral infections, or autoimmune diseases. A subset of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases can develop into more severe and progressive forms, namely nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The latter can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, which are end‐stage liver diseases. Extensive research has provided plausible mechanisms to explain how periodontal disease can negatively affect nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, namely via hematogenous or enteral routes. During periodontitis, the liver is under constant exposure to various pathogenic factors that diffuse systemically from the oral cavity, such as bacteria and their by‐products, inflammatory cytokines, and reactive oxygen species, and these can be involved in disease promotion of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Also, gut microbiome dysbiosis induced by enteral translocation of periodontopathic bacteria may impair gut wall barrier function and promote the transfer of hepatotoxins and enterobacteria to the liver through the enterohepatic circulation. Moreover, in a population with metabolic syndrome, the interaction between periodontitis and systemic conditions related to insulin resistance further strengthens the association with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, most of the pathologic links between periodontitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in humans are provided by epidemiologic observational studies, with the causal relationship not yet being established. Several systematic and meta‐analysis studies also show conflicting results. In addition, the effect of periodontal treatment on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has hardly been studied. Despite these limitations, the global burden of periodontal disease combined with the recent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease epidemic has important clinical and public health implications. Emerging evidence suggests an association between periodontal disease and liver diseases, and thus we propose the term periodontal disease–related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or periodontal disease–related nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Continued efforts in this area will pave the way for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches based on a periodontologic viewpoint to address this life‐threatening liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Kuraji
- Department of Life Science Dentistry, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Satoshi Sekino
- Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yvonne Kapila
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yukihiro Numabe
- Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Piplani S, Prabhu M, Alemao NN, Akash C, Ram P, Ambar S, Kumbar V, Chugh Y, Raychauduri SP, Chugh SK. Conventional Risk Factors, Telomere Length, and Ischemic Heart disease: Insights into the Mediation Analysis. Genome Integr 2021; 12:1. [PMID: 34221339 PMCID: PMC8230014 DOI: 10.4103/genint.genint_1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere length is regarded as a potential biomarker of biological ageing and is associated with various age-related diseases, such as ischemic heart disease (IHD), myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease, and cancer. As there is a paucity of study that deals with this influence, this study aimed to assess how the cardiovascular risk factors influence the risk of IHD by performing mediation analysis. A total of 407 males were included in the study. IHD was diagnosed through echocardiography and coronary angiography by determining the number of coronary vessels involved. Demographic data, clinical history, and laboratory investigations such as random blood sugar (RBS), fasting lipid profile, serum creatinine, and serum urea levels of all the subjects were measured and recorded. Serum uric acid and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were significantly higher in IHD subjects compared to non-IHD subjects (P < 0.05). Body mass index (BMI), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), RBS, serum uric acid, serum creatinine, BUN, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and telomere length significantly differed between subjects with and without IHD (P < 0.05). Further, telomere length (P < 0.001), BMI (P < 0.001), and total cholesterol level (P < 0.001) were risk factors that significantly affected the incidence of IHD, as proved by logistic regression. It indicates that shorter telomeres contribute to increased risk of IHD, influenced by BMI, HbA1c, BUN, total cholesterol levels, and RBS (P < 0.001). The study established a link between telomere shortening, conventional risk factors, and IHD; moreover, the study takes care in the role of mediation analysis which is a novel idea as little is done in this area of biostatistics with telomere length. Overall, this further establishes that telomeres length might serve as the promising biomarkers in predicting the risk of IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madhav Prabhu
- Department of General Medicine, KAHER, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | | | - C Akash
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, KAHER, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Pradhum Ram
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sameer Ambar
- Department of Cardiology, KAHER, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijay Kumbar
- Research Officer, Maratha Mandal's N.G.H Institute of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Yashasvi Chugh
- Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai St. Luke's and West Hospitals, New York, United States
| | | | - Sanjay Kumar Chugh
- Department of Cardiology, Jaipur National University Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Muñoz Aguilera E, Leira Y, Miró Catalina Q, Orlandi M, Czesnikiewicz-Guzik M, Guzik TJ, Hingorani AD, Nart J, D'Aiuto F. Is systemic inflammation a missing link between periodontitis and hypertension? Results from two large population-based surveys. J Intern Med 2021; 289:532-546. [PMID: 32969093 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objective was to investigate the relationship between periodontitis and hypertension in two independent large surveys. The secondary objective was to ascertain whether systemic inflammation had a mediation effect in the association. METHODS This cross-sectional study analysed representative samples of the US (n = 3460; NHANES 2009/10) and Korean (n = 4539; 2015 KNHANES VI-3) populations. The association between periodontitis (exposure), hypertension (outcome) and inflammatory markers [C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell counts (WBC)] (mediators) was assessed using multivariate linear and logistic regression models and mediation analysis. RESULTS Participants with periodontitis were more likely to have hypertension (NHANES: OR = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.0-1.6, P = 0.025; KNHANES: OR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.0-1.4, P = 0.041) and actual systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg (NHANES: OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1-2.3, P < 0.001; KNHANES: OR = 1.3, 95% CI :1.0-1.6, P < 0.031) than those without the disease. These associations were independent of age, gender, BMI, education level, smoking, alcohol consumption, creatinine, physical activity, presence of other comorbidities and confirmed in participants not taking antihypertensive medications. Diagnosis of periodontitis was directly associated with WBC (in both surveys: NHANES: β ± SE = 0.3 ± 0.1, P < 0.004; KNHANES: β ± SE = 0.3 ± 0.1, P < 0.001) and with CRP levels (in one survey: NHANES: β ± SE = 0.1 ± 0.03, P < 0.007; KNHANES: β ± SE = 0.1 ± 0.04, P > 0.213). Mediation analyses confirmed that CRP acted as a mediator in the association between periodontitis and hypertension in both populations (mediated effect: NHANES: β ± SE = 0.010 ± 0.003, P < 0.001; KNHANES: β ± SE = 0.003 ± 0.001, P = 0.015). WBC acted as a mediator in the KNHANES (mediated effect: β ± SE = 0.004 ± 0.001, P = 0.004) whilst in the NHANES, its effect was dependent of CRP inclusion in the model (mediated effect WBC + CRP: β ± SE = 0.002 ± 0.001, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that periodontitis is closely linked to hypertension and systemic inflammation is, in part, a mediator of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Muñoz Aguilera
- From the, Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute and Hospital, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Y Leira
- From the, Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute and Hospital, University College London, London, UK.,Periodontology Unit, Faculty of Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela & Medical-Surgical Dentistry (OMEQUI) Research Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Q Miró Catalina
- Department of Statistics, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Orlandi
- From the, Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute and Hospital, University College London, London, UK
| | - M Czesnikiewicz-Guzik
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Sciences Research Group, University of Glasgow Dental School, Glasgow, UK.,Department of Experimental Dentistry and Dental Prophylaxis, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - T J Guzik
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - A D Hingorani
- Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - J Nart
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F D'Aiuto
- From the, Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute and Hospital, University College London, London, UK
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13
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Cheng F, Carroll L, Joglekar MV, Januszewski AS, Wong KK, Hardikar AA, Jenkins AJ, Ma RCW. Diabetes, metabolic disease, and telomere length. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2021; 9:117-126. [PMID: 33248477 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(20)30365-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres are regions of repetitive nucleotide sequences at the ends of chromosomes. Telomere length is a marker of DNA damage, which is often considered a biomarker for biological ageing, and has also been linked with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Emerging studies have highlighted the role of genetic and environmental factors, and explored the effect of modulating telomere length. We provide an overview of studies to date on diabetes and telomere length, and compare different methods and assays for evaluating telomere length and telomerase activity. We highlight the limitations of current studies and areas that warrant further research to unravel the link between diabetes and telomere length. The value of adding telomere length to clinical risk factors to improve risk prediction of diabetes and related complications also merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Cheng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Laboratory for Molecular Epidemiology in Diabetes, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Luke Carroll
- NHMRC Clinical Trial Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mugdha V Joglekar
- NHMRC Clinical Trial Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Kwun Kiu Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Laboratory for Molecular Epidemiology in Diabetes, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Anandwardhan A Hardikar
- NHMRC Clinical Trial Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; NHMRC Clinical Trial Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Ronald C W Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Laboratory for Molecular Epidemiology in Diabetes, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; NHMRC Clinical Trial Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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14
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Aquino-Martinez R, Khosla S, Farr JN, Monroe DG. Periodontal Disease and Senescent Cells: New Players for an Old Oral Health Problem? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7441. [PMID: 33050175 PMCID: PMC7587987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent identification of senescent cells in periodontal tissues has the potential to provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms of periodontal disease etiology. DNA damage-driven senescence is perhaps one of the most underappreciated delayed consequences of persistent Gram-negative bacterial infection and inflammation. Although the host immune response rapidly protects against bacterial invasion, oxidative stress generated during inflammation can indirectly deteriorate periodontal tissues through the damage to vital cell macromolecules, including DNA. What happens to those healthy cells that reside in this harmful environment? Emerging evidence indicates that cells that survive irreparable genomic damage undergo cellular senescence, a crucial intermediate mechanism connecting DNA damage and the immune response. In this review, we hypothesize that sustained Gram-negative bacterial challenge, chronic inflammation itself, and the constant renewal of damaged tissues create a permissive environment for the abnormal accumulation of senescent cells. Based on emerging data we propose a model in which the dysfunctional presence of senescent cells may aggravate the initial immune reaction against pathogens. Further understanding of the role of senescent cells in periodontal disease pathogenesis may have clinical implications by providing more sophisticated therapeutic strategies to combat tissue destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Aquino-Martinez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (S.K.); (J.N.F.); (D.G.M.)
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (S.K.); (J.N.F.); (D.G.M.)
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Joshua N. Farr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (S.K.); (J.N.F.); (D.G.M.)
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - David G. Monroe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (S.K.); (J.N.F.); (D.G.M.)
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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15
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Herrmann W, Herrmann M. The Importance of Telomere Shortening for Atherosclerosis and Mortality. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:jcdd7030029. [PMID: 32781553 PMCID: PMC7570376 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are the protective end caps of chromosomes and shorten with every cell division. Short telomeres are associated with older age and adverse lifestyle factors. Leucocyte telomere length (LTL) has been proposed as a biomarker of biological age. The shortening of LTL with age is the result of the end-replication problem, environmental, and lifestyle-related factors. Epidemiologic studies have shown that LTL predicts cardiovascular disease, all-cause mortality, and death from vascular causes. Age appears to be an important co-variate that explains a substantial fraction of this effect. Although it has been proposed that short telomeres promote atherosclerosis and impair the repair of vascular lesions, existing results are inconsistent. Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation can both accelerate telomere shortening. Multiple factors, including homocysteine (HCY), vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 modulate oxidative stress and inflammation through direct and indirect mechanisms. This review provides a compact overview of telomere physiology and the utility of LTL measurements in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. In addition, it summarizes existing knowledge regarding the impact of oxidative stress, inflammation, HCY, and B-vitamins on telomere function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Herrmann
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical School of the Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Saar, Germany;
| | - Markus Herrmann
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +43-316-385-13145; Fax: +43-316-385-13430
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16
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Inflammation and Vascular Ageing: From Telomeres to Novel Emerging Mechanisms. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2019; 26:321-329. [DOI: 10.1007/s40292-019-00331-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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17
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Preshaw PM, Henne K, Taylor JJ, Valentine RA, Conrads G. Age-related changes in immune function (immune senescence) in caries and periodontal diseases: a systematic review. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 44 Suppl 18:S153-S177. [PMID: 28266110 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To systematically review the evidence regarding immune senescence in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and dental caries. METHODS A systematic search of electronic databases utilizing medical subject headings (MeSH terms) supplemented by screening of review articles and other relevant texts was undertaken. RESULTS Seventy-three articles were included (43 for periodontitis, 30 for caries). Study results were found to be generally heterogeneous. Regarding periodontitis, human studies suggest evidence for altered neutrophil function and increased production of pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g. interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and prostaglandin E2 ) in older compared to younger subjects, and animal experiments suggest increased expression of genes that contribute to a pro-inflammatory state in older compared to younger animals. Regarding dental caries, research relating to changes in immune functioning and the impact of ageing is in its infancy. A small number of studies have reported components of innate and adaptive immunity that affect the composition of saliva and dental biofilms with possible impacts on caries progression. CONCLUSION There is evidence that immune functioning related to periodontitis and (less investigated) dental caries alters with increasing age. In both conditions, age-associated mechanistic changes in immune functioning are complex and incompletely understood and it is not clear how these relate to disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Preshaw
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Karsten Henne
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - John J Taylor
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ruth A Valentine
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Georg Conrads
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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18
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Wojcicki JM, Elwan D, Lin J, Blackburn E, Epel E. Chronic Obesity and Incident Hypertension in Latina Women Are Associated with Accelerated Telomere Length Loss over a 1-Year Period. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2018; 16:262-266. [PMID: 29750592 DOI: 10.1089/met.2017.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Shorter telomere length is associated with increased chronic disease risk in adulthood including diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular risk. Few studies have evaluated the relationship between telomere length change and incident disease risk in populations with a high percentage of overweight and obesity. RESULTS In an urban Latina population recruited in San Francisco (n = 82) with a high prevalence of overweight and obesity (78.4%), we assessed leukocyte telomere length and telomere length change over a 1-year period in relation to obesity, chronicity of obesity, and incident metabolic disease risk 5-6 years later. We also assessed the relationship between telomere length change over a 1-year period and weight loss. There were no significant associations between baseline telomere length and socio-demographics including age and ethnicity, or current weight status. Telomere length change, however, was associated with being obese at baseline and previous years of chronic obesity. A high percentage of women who were obese at baseline were also obese the year before (90%) and 2 years before (85%). Obesity at baseline was an independent predictor for increased telomere length attrition (β = -346.9, -568.4 to -125.4; P < 0.01). Similarly, chronic obesity was associated with increased risk for accelerated attrition (β = -280.6, -518.4 to -42.8; P < 0.01). INNOVATION We speculate that accelerated attrition may be a harbinger of metabolic disease. We also found that those who had or developed hypertension had accelerated attrition [-407.4 ± 464.0 vs. -168.1 ± 643.6 (P = 0.03)]. CONCLUSION In populations with chronic and long-standing obesity, telomere length attrition rate, rather than baseline telomere length may be a more sensitive indicator of health status including chronic disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M Wojcicki
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Deena Elwan
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jue Lin
- 2 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Elizabeth Blackburn
- 2 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Elissa Epel
- 3 Department of Psychiatry, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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19
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Oliveira NM, Rios ECS, de Lima TM, Victorino VJ, Barbeiro H, Pinheiro da Silva F, Szabo C, Soriano FG. Sepsis induces telomere shortening: a potential mechanism responsible for delayed pathophysiological events in sepsis survivors? Mol Med 2016; 22:886-891. [PMID: 27925632 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2016.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis survivors suffer from additional morbidities, including higher disk of readmissions, nervous system disturbances and cognitive dysfunction, and increased mortality, even several years after the initial episode of sepsis. In many ways, the phenotype of sepsis survivors resembles the phenotype associated with accelerated aging. Since telomere shortening is a hallmark of aging, we investigated whether sepsis also leads to telomere shortening. Male balb/c mice were divided into two groups: the control group received 100 μl of normal saline intraperitoneally; the sepsis group received 15 mg/kg of bacterial lipopolysaccharide i.p. After 48 hours, animals were sacrificed to collect blood, spleen and kidney. The human component of our study utilized blood samples obtained from patients in the Trauma Department and samples collected 7 days later in those patients who developed sepsis. Telomere length was measured by quantitative PCR. Since oxidative stress is a known inducer of telomere shortening, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were analyzed in order to evaluate oxidative stress burden. Induction of endotoxemia in mice resulted in significant telomere shortening in spleen and kidney. Blood cells from patients that progressed to sepsis also exhibited a statistically significant reduction of telomere length. Endotoxemia in mice also induced an early-onset increase in oxidative stress markers, but was not associated with a downregulation of telomerase protein expression. We conclude that endotoxemia and sepsis induce telomere shortening in various tissues and hypothesize that this may contribute to the pathogenesis of the delayed pathophysiological events in sepsis survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naara Mendes Oliveira
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Ester C S Rios
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Thais Martins de Lima
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Jacob Victorino
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Hermes Barbeiro
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Fabiano Pinheiro da Silva
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Francisco Garcia Soriano
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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21
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Tamura Y, Takubo K, Aida J, Araki A, Ito H. Telomere attrition and diabetes mellitus. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16 Suppl 1:66-74. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Tamura
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology; Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kaiyo Takubo
- Research Team for Geriatric Pathology and Department of Pathology; Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology; Tokyo Japan
| | - Junko Aida
- Research Team for Geriatric Pathology and Department of Pathology; Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology; Tokyo Japan
| | - Atsushi Araki
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology; Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hideki Ito
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology; Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital; Tokyo Japan
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22
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Qi Nan W, Ling Z, Bing C. The influence of the telomere-telomerase system on diabetes mellitus and its vascular complications. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:849-64. [PMID: 25677239 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1016500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The telomere-telomerase system plays an important role in the pathogenesis and disease progression of diabetes mellitus as well as in its vascular complications. Recent studies suggest that telomere shortening and abnormal telomerase activity occur in patients with diabetes mellitus, and targeting the telomere-telomerase system has become a prospective treatment for diabetes mellitus and its vascular complications. This review highlights the significance of the telomere-telomerase system and supports its role as a possible therapeutic target for patients with diabetes mellitus and its vascular complications Areas covered: This review covers the advances in understanding the telomere-telomerase system over the last 30 years and its significance in diabetes mellitus. In addition, it provides knowledge regarding the significance of the telomere-telomerase system in diabetes mellitus and its vascular complications as well as its role and mechanisms in oxidative stress, cell therapy and antioxidant activity Expert opinion: The telomere-telomerase system may be a potential therapeutic target that can protect against DNA damage and apoptosis in patients with diabetes mellitus and its vascular complications. DNA damage and apoptosis are associated with oxidative stress and are involved in the dysfunction of pancreatic β cells, insulin resistance, and its vascular complications. Abnormalities in the telomere-telomerase system may be associated with diabetes mellitus and its vascular complications. Therapies targeting telomere-telomerase system, telomerase reverse transcriptase transfection and alterative telomere lengthening must be identified before gene therapy can commence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Qi Nan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Endocrine Department , Chongqing, Post number: 400038 , China
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23
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Sanders AE, Divaris K, Naorungroj S, Heiss G, Risques RA. Telomere length attrition and chronic periodontitis: an ARIC Study nested case-control study. J Clin Periodontol 2014; 42:12-20. [PMID: 25418689 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM This nested case-control study sought to determine whether an accelerated rate of leukocyte telomere length (LTL) shortening over 6 years was associated with chronic periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We sampled cases (n = 178) with severe chronic periodontitis and controls (n = 178) with no/mild chronic periodontitis from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Controls were frequency-matched to cases by study site, age, sex and race. Age ranged from 53 to 73 years. Severe chronic periodontitis was defined using the CDC-AAP case classification. LTL was measured from DNA collected at two time points, 6 years apart, with quantitative polymerase chain reaction relative to a single-copy control gene. Multiple linear regression evaluated associations between LTL measured at baseline, follow-up and change scores with severe chronic periodontitis, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Cases had shorter LTL than controls at baseline (p = 0.03) and follow-up (p = 0.04) after adjusting for confounding. Overall there was a net reduction in LTL over time (p = 0.02). The rate of LTL did not differ between cases and controls (p = 0.80). CONCLUSIONS Leukocyte telomere length shortening occurred at the same rate among adults with and without severe chronic periodontitis. This suggests that LTL shortening may have occurred earlier in the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Sanders
- Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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