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A novel splice-affecting HNF1A variant with large population impact on diabetes in Greenland. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2022; 24:100529. [PMID: 36649380 PMCID: PMC9832271 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background The genetic disease architecture of Inuit includes a large number of common high-impact variants. Identification of such variants contributes to our understanding of the genetic aetiology of diseases and improves global equity in genomic personalised medicine. We aimed to identify and characterise novel variants in genes associated with Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) in the Greenlandic population. Methods Using combined data from Greenlandic population cohorts of 4497 individuals, including 448 whole genome sequenced individuals, we screened 14 known MODY genes for previously identified and novel variants. We functionally characterised an identified novel variant and assessed its association with diabetes prevalence and cardiometabolic traits and population impact. Findings We identified a novel variant in the known MODY gene HNF1A with an allele frequency of 1.9% in the Greenlandic Inuit and absent elsewhere. Functional assays indicate that it prevents normal splicing of the gene. The variant caused lower 30-min insulin (β = -232 pmol/L, βSD = -0.695, P = 4.43 × 10-4) and higher 30-min glucose (β = 1.20 mmol/L, βSD = 0.441, P = 0.0271) during an oral glucose tolerance test. Furthermore, the variant was associated with type 2 diabetes (OR 4.35, P = 7.24 × 10-6) and HbA1c (β = 0.113 HbA1c%, βSD = 0.205, P = 7.84 × 10-3). The variant explained 2.5% of diabetes variance in Greenland. Interpretation The reported variant has the largest population impact of any previously reported variant within a MODY gene. Together with the recessive TBC1D4 variant, we show that close to 1 in 5 cases of diabetes (18%) in Greenland are associated with high-impact genetic variants compared to 1-3% in large populations. Funding Novo Nordisk Foundation, Independent Research Fund Denmark, and Karen Elise Jensen's Foundation.
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Zhao Q, Ding L, Yang Y, Sun J, Wang M, Li X, Liu M. Clinical Characteristics of Patients With HNF1-alpha MODY: A Literature Review and Retrospective Chart Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:900489. [PMID: 35795147 PMCID: PMC9252268 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.900489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical manifestation of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1-alpha (HNF1-alpha) maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is highly variable. This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with HNF1-alpha MODY in general, by geographical regions (Asian or non-Asian), HNF1-alpha mutations, and islet autoantibody status. A literature review and a chart review of patients with HNF1-alpha MODY were performed. The means and proportions from studies were pooled using the inverse variance method for pooling, and subgroup analyses were performed. A total of 109 studies involving 1,325 patients [41.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 35.2, 48.1; male] were identified. The mean age of diagnosis was 20.3 years (95% CI: 18.3-22.2), and the mean glycated hemoglobin was 7.3% (95% CI: 7.2-7.5). In comparison, Asian patients exhibited significantly higher HbA1c (p = 0.007) and 2-h post-load C-peptide (p = 0.012) levels and lower levels of triglyceride (TG) (p < 0.001), total cholesterol (TC) (p < 0.001), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (p < 0.001) and less often had macrovascular complications (p = 0.014). The age of diagnosis was oldest in patients with mutations in the transactivation domain (p < 0.001). The levels of 2-h post-load C-peptide (p < 0.001), TG (p = 0.007), TC (p = 0.017), and HDL-c (p = 0.001) were highest and the prevalence of diabetic neuropathy was lowest (p = 0.024) in patients with DNA-binding domain mutations. The fasting (p = 0.004) and 2-h post-load glucose (p = 0.003) levels and the prevalence of diabetic neuropathy (p = 0.010) were higher among patients with positive islet autoantibodies. The study demonstrated that the clinical manifestations of HNF1-alpha MODY differed by geographical regions, HNF1-alpha mutations, and islet autoantibody status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinying Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Li, ; Ming Liu,
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Li, ; Ming Liu,
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3
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NGS Analysis Revealed Digenic Heterozygous GCK and HNF1A Variants in a Child with Mild Hyperglycemia: A Case Report. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11071164. [PMID: 34202200 PMCID: PMC8306687 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11071164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Monogenic diabetes (MD) represents a heterogeneous group of disorders whose most frequent form is maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). MD is predominantly caused by a mutation in a single gene. We report a case of a female patient with suspected MD and a positive family history for diabetes and obesity. In this patient, two gene variants have been identified by next-generation sequencing (NGS): one in the Glucokinase (GCK) gene reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and in the literature associated with GCK/MODY, and the other in the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1A (HNF1A) gene not previously described. The GCK variant was also identified in the hyperglycemic father, whereas the HNF1A variant was present in the mother. This new case of digenic GCK/HNF1A variants identified in a hyperglycemic subject, evidences the importance of NGS analysis in patients with suspected MD. In fact, this methodology will allow us to both increase the number of diagnoses and to identify mutations in more than one gene, with a better understanding of the genetic cause, and the clinical course, of the disease.
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Guesmi A, Zouaoui M, Haouat E, Oueslati S, Dabboussi M, Kassmi C, Mahjoub R, Kammoun I, Bibi A. Association of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms With the Evolution of MODY Diabetes: Study in Tunisian Patients. Biol Res Nurs 2021; 23:608-618. [PMID: 33827288 DOI: 10.1177/10998004211004770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD) cannot be considered as a true vitamin, but rather as a hormone, which exerts its action via a vitamin D receptor (VDR). Many genes have been shown to be involved in the evolution of diabetes in various populations, such as the vitamin D receptor gene. The aim of our study was to investigate if BsmI, TaqI, ApaI, FokI, and Tru9I, polymorphisms of VDR gene have an impact on MODY diabetes and its clinical aspects in a Tunisian population. A total of 95 patients and 153 controls were genotyped using PCR-RFLP. The comparison of the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the five polymorphisms between MODY subjects and control groups revealed the association of MODY diabetes with TaqI, Tru9I and BsmI polymorphisms and no significant differences were observed in the distributions for the ApaI and FokI polymorphisms. After stratification with biochemical and clinical parameters and TaqI, Tru9I and BsmI polymorphisms, we found an association between the three SNPs and different parameters such as age of diagnosis, therapy, hsCRP and HDL-C levels. Our results revealed that TaqI, Tru9I and BsmI polymorphisms may be more related to the progression of MODY diabetes. The possible role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of MODY is far from being completely understood. Further knowledge on this issue may identify new candidate targets in the treatment and prevention of the disease. Our findings suggest that the TaqI, Tru9I and BsmI polymorphisms may be more related to the progression of MODY diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Guesmi
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology, Research Unit UR17SP01: Molecular Biology Applied to the Study of Hyperlipoproteinemias, Diabetes and Hormones, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Manel Zouaoui
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology, Research Unit UR17SP01: Molecular Biology Applied to the Study of Hyperlipoproteinemias, Diabetes and Hormones, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Emna Haouat
- Department of Endocrinology B, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sabrine Oueslati
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology, Research Unit UR17SP01: Molecular Biology Applied to the Study of Hyperlipoproteinemias, Diabetes and Hormones, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Malek Dabboussi
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology, Research Unit UR17SP01: Molecular Biology Applied to the Study of Hyperlipoproteinemias, Diabetes and Hormones, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Chaima Kassmi
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology, Research Unit UR17SP01: Molecular Biology Applied to the Study of Hyperlipoproteinemias, Diabetes and Hormones, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Tunisia
| | - Rahma Mahjoub
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology, Research Unit UR17SP01: Molecular Biology Applied to the Study of Hyperlipoproteinemias, Diabetes and Hormones, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ines Kammoun
- Department of Endocrinology B, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amina Bibi
- Laboratory of Clinical Biology, Research Unit UR17SP01: Molecular Biology Applied to the Study of Hyperlipoproteinemias, Diabetes and Hormones, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia.,Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia
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5
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Sanchez Caballero L, Gorgogietas V, Arroyo MN, Igoillo-Esteve M. Molecular mechanisms of β-cell dysfunction and death in monogenic forms of diabetes. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 359:139-256. [PMID: 33832649 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Monogenetic forms of diabetes represent 1%-5% of all diabetes cases and are caused by mutations in a single gene. These mutations, that affect genes involved in pancreatic β-cell development, function and survival, or insulin regulation, may be dominant or recessive, inherited or de novo. Most patients with monogenic diabetes are very commonly misdiagnosed as having type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The severity of their symptoms depends on the nature of the mutation, the function of the affected gene and, in some cases, the influence of additional genetic or environmental factors that modulate severity and penetrance. In some patients, diabetes is accompanied by other syndromic features such as deafness, blindness, microcephaly, liver and intestinal defects, among others. The age of diabetes onset may also vary from neonatal until early adulthood manifestations. Since the different mutations result in diverse clinical presentations, patients usually need different treatments that range from just diet and exercise, to the requirement of exogenous insulin or other hypoglycemic drugs, e.g., sulfonylureas or glucagon-like peptide 1 analogs to control their glycemia. As a consequence, awareness and correct diagnosis are crucial for the proper management and treatment of monogenic diabetes patients. In this chapter, we describe mutations causing different monogenic forms of diabetes associated with inadequate pancreas development or impaired β-cell function and survival, and discuss the molecular mechanisms involved in β-cell demise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sanchez Caballero
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research (UCDR), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.ucdr.be/
| | - Vyron Gorgogietas
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research (UCDR), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.ucdr.be/
| | - Maria Nicol Arroyo
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research (UCDR), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.ucdr.be/
| | - Mariana Igoillo-Esteve
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research (UCDR), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.ucdr.be/.
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Barbier L, Nault JC, Dujardin F, Scotto B, Besson M, de Muret A, Bourlier P, Zucman-Rossi J, Salamé E, Bacq Y. Natural history of liver adenomatosis: A long-term observational study. J Hepatol 2019; 71:1184-1192. [PMID: 31419515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Liver adenomatosis (LA) is characterized by the presence of at least 10 hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs), but the natural history of this rare liver disorder remains unclear. Thus, we aimed to reappraise the natural history and the risk of complications in a cohort of patients with at least 10 HCAs. METHODS We analyzed the natural history of 40 patients with LA, excluding glycogen storage disorders, in a monocentric cohort. Pathological examination was performed, with immunostaining and molecular biology carried out on surgical specimens or liver biopsies. RESULTS Forty patients (36 female) were included with a median follow-up of 10.6 (1.9-26.1) years. Six (15%) patients had familial LA, all with germline HNF1A mutations. Median age at diagnosis was 39 (9-55) years. Thirty-three (94%) women had a history of oral contraception, and 29 (81%) women had a pregnancy before LA diagnosis. Overall, thirty-seven (93%) patients underwent surgery at diagnosis. Classification of HCAs showed 46% of patients with HNF1A-mutated HCA, 31% with inflammatory HCA, 3% with sonic hedgehog HCA, 8% with unclassified HCA. Only 15% of the patients demonstrated a "mixed LA" with different HCA subtypes. Hepatic complications were identified in 7 patients: 1 patient (3%) died from recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation; 6 (15%) had hemorrhages, of which 5 occurred at diagnosis, with 1 fatal case during pregnancy, and 2 occurred in male patients with familial LA. Four patients (10%) had repeated liver resections. Finally, 4 (10%) patients developed extrahepatic malignancies during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The diversity in HCA subtypes, as well as the occurrence of bleeding and malignant transformation during long-term follow-up, underline the heterogeneous nature of LA, justifying close and specific management. In patients with germline HNF1A mutation, familial LA occurred equally frequently in males and females, with a higher rate of bleeding in male patients. LAY SUMMARY Liver adenomatosis is a rare disease characterized by the presence of 10 or more hepatocellular adenomas that may rarely be of genetic origin. Patients with liver adenomatosis have multiple adenomas of different subtypes, with a risk of bleeding and malignant transformation that justify a specific management and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Barbier
- Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Tours University Hospital, University of Tours, FHU SUPORT, Tours, France.
| | - Jean-Charles Nault
- Inserm UMR-1162, Génomique fonctionnelle des Tumeurs solides, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris 13, Labex Immuno-Oncology, Paris, France; Liver Unit, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, APHP, Bondy, France
| | - Fanny Dujardin
- Pathology, Tours University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Béatrice Scotto
- Radiology, Tours University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Marie Besson
- Radiology, Tours University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Anne de Muret
- Pathology, Tours University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Pascal Bourlier
- Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Tours University Hospital, University of Tours, FHU SUPORT, Tours, France
| | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- Liver Unit, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, APHP, Bondy, France; Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, HEGP, F-75015, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Ephrem Salamé
- Digestive Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Tours University Hospital, University of Tours, FHU SUPORT, Tours, France
| | - Yannick Bacq
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
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7
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Haring MPD, Vriesendorp TM, Klein Wassink‐Ruiter JS, de Haas RJ, Gouw ASH, de Meijer VE. Diagnosis of hepatocellular adenoma in men before onset of diabetes in HNF1A-MODY: Watch out for winkers. Liver Int 2019; 39:2042-2045. [PMID: 31483937 PMCID: PMC6899532 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1A (HNF1A) maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a monogenetic, autosomal dominantly inherited form of diabetes. HNF1A-MODY is associated with HNF1A-inactivated hepatocellular adenoma (H-HCA) formation. Hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) are benign liver tumours and related complications are rare but serious: hepatic haemorrhage and malignant transformation. Guidelines recommend resection of all HCA in men and do not take any co-occurring metabolic disorders into account. We report a family with HCA preceding diabetes mellitus. Male index patient presented with numerous, irresectable HCA. After initial diagnostic and aetiologic uncertainty HNF1A germline mutation c.815G>A (p.Arg272His) was confirmed 8 years later. No HCA-related complications occurred. His diabetic mother was diagnosed with HCA after severe hepatic haemorrhage years before. HNF1A-MODY should be considered in (non-)diabetic (male) patients with H-HCA. We advocate liver biopsy and, if necessary, genetic analysis to precede any intervention for HCA in males and screening for HCA in HNF1A-MODY patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn P. D. Haring
- Department of SurgeryUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Robbert J. de Haas
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Annette S. H. Gouw
- Department of Pathology and Medical BiologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Vincent E. de Meijer
- Department of SurgeryUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
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Emelyanova L, Preston C, Gupta A, Viqar M, Negmadjanov U, Edwards S, Kraft K, Devana K, Holmuhamedov E, O'Hair D, Tajik AJ, Jahangir A. Effect of Aging on Mitochondrial Energetics in the Human Atria. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 73:608-616. [PMID: 28958065 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy production in myocardial cells occurs mainly in the mitochondrion. Although alterations in mitochondrial functions in the senescent heart have been documented, the molecular bases for the aging-associated decline in energy metabolism in the human heart are not fully understood. In this study, we examined transcription profiles of genes coding for mitochondrial proteins in atrial tissue from aged (≥65 years old) and comorbidities-matched adult (<65 years old) patients with preserved left ventricular function. We also correlated changes in functional activity of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes with gene expression changes. There was significant alteration in the expression of 10% (101/1,008) of genes coding for mitochondrial proteins, with 86% downregulated (87/101). Forty-nine percent of the altered genes were confined to mitochondrial energetic pathways. These changes were associated with a significant decrease in respiratory capacity of mitochondria oxidizing glutamate and malate and functional activity of complex I activity that correlated with the downregulation of NDUFA6, NDUFA9, NDUFB5, NDUFB8, and NDUFS2 genes coding for NADH dehydrogenase subunits. Thus, aging is associated with a decline in activity of OXPHOS within the broader transcriptional downregulation of genes regulating mitochondrial energetics, providing a substrate for reduced energetic efficiency in the senescent human atria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Emelyanova
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Claudia Preston
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Anu Gupta
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Maria Viqar
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ulugbek Negmadjanov
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Stacie Edwards
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Kelsey Kraft
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Kameswari Devana
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ekhson Holmuhamedov
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Daniel O'Hair
- Aurora Cardiovascular Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - A Jamil Tajik
- Aurora Cardiovascular Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Arshad Jahangir
- Center for Integrative Research on Cardiovascular Aging, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Aurora Cardiovascular Services, Aurora Sinai/Aurora St. Luke's Medical Centers, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Karaca E, Onay H, Cetinkalp S, Aykut A, Göksen D, Ozen S, Atik T, Darcan S, Tekin IM, Ozkınay F. The spectrum of HNF1A gene mutations in patients with MODY 3 phenotype and identification of three novel germline mutations in Turkish Population. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2017; 11 Suppl 1:S491-S496. [PMID: 28395978 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a monogenic form of diabetes mellitus characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance, early age of onset, and pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. Heterozygous mutations in several genes may cause MODY. METHODS In the present study, we investigated the molecular spectrum of HNF1A (hepatocyte nuclear factor 1a) mutations, in the individuals referred to a reference center for molecular genetic analysis. Mutations screening was performed in a group of 136 unrelated patients (average age 17.22 years) selected by clinical characterization of MODY. Mutation screening involved direct sequencing of the HNF1A gene. RESULTS Among 136 individuals analyzed, 10 were carrying heterozygous HNF1A mutations, 3 of them being novel. Clinical features, such as age of diabetes at diagnosis or severity of hyperglycemia, were not related to the mutation type or location. No clear phenotype - genotype correlations were identified. CONCLUSIONS As a conclusion MODY resulted from HNF1A mutations shows heterogeneity at both phenotypic and molecular levels in Turkish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emin Karaca
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Huseyin Onay
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sevki Cetinkalp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayca Aykut
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Damla Göksen
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Ege University Medical Faculty Izmir, Turkey
| | - Samim Ozen
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Ege University Medical Faculty Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tahir Atik
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Ege University Medical Faculty Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sukran Darcan
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Ege University Medical Faculty Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ismihan Merve Tekin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ferda Ozkınay
- Department of Medical Genetics, Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
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Abstract
Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young type 3 (MODY3), linked to mutations in the transcription factor HNF1A, is the most prevalent form of monogenic diabetes mellitus. HNF1alpha-deficiency leads to defective insulin secretion via a molecular mechanism that is still not completely understood. Moreover, in MODY3 patients the severity of insulin secretion can be extremely variable even in the same kindred, indicating that modifier genes may control the onset of the disease. With the use of a mouse model for HNF1alpha-deficiency, we show here that specific genetic backgrounds (C3H and CBA) carry a powerful genetic suppressor of diabetes. A genome scan analysis led to the identification of a major suppressor locus on chromosome 3 (Moda1). Moda1 locus contains 11 genes with non-synonymous SNPs that significantly interacts with other loci on chromosomes 4, 11 and 18. Mechanistically, the absence of HNF1alpha in diabetic-prone (sensitive) strains leads to postnatal defective islets growth that is remarkably restored in resistant strains. Our findings are relevant to human genetics since Moda1 is syntenic with a human locus identified by genome wide association studies of fasting glycemia in patients. Most importantly, our results show that a single genetic locus can completely suppress diabetes in Hnf1a-deficiency.
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11
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Docena MK, Faiman C, Stanley CM, Pantalone KM. Mody-3: novel HNF1A mutation and the utility of glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor agonist therapy. Endocr Pract 2016; 20:107-11. [PMID: 24014008 DOI: 10.4158/ep13254.or] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An estimated 1 to 2% of cases of diabetes mellitus have a monogenic basis; however, delayed diagnosis and misdiagnosis as type 1 and 2 diabetes are common. Correctly identifying the molecular basis of an individual's diabetes may significantly alter the management approach to both the patient and his or her relatives. We describe a case of mature onset diabetes of the young (MODY) with sufficient evidence to support the classification of a novel HNF1A (hepatocyte nuclear factor-1-α) mutation as a cause of MODY-3. METHODS A 21-year-old Caucasian female presented to our office with a diagnosis of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) at age 10; glycemia was initially managed with oral antidiabetic (OAD) agents and insulin detemir. The patient reported a strong family history of early-onset NIDDM in both her mother and maternal grandmother, both of whom eventually required insulin therapy to control glycemia. The patient's medical and family history were highly suggestive of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), and genetic testing was performed. RESULTS Genetic screening detected a mutation p. Arg200Trp in the HNF1A gene in the patient, her mother, and maternal grandmother, suggesting a diagnosis of MODY-3. This finding resulted in a change of antidiabetic therapy in all 3 patients, including the addition of once-daily liraglutide therapy, which helped improve their glycemic control. CONCLUSION Our case report supports the classification of the p. Arg200Trp mutation as a cause of MODY-3. The findings also suggest that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist therapy may be of value in managing glycemia in patients with MODY-3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles Faiman
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Kevin M Pantalone
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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12
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Wu W, Patel A, Kyöstilä K, Lohi H, Mladkova N, Kiryluk K, Sun X, Lefkowitch JH, Worman HJ, Gharavi AG. Genome-wide association study in mice identifies loci affecting liver-related phenotypes including Sel1l influencing serum bile acids. Hepatology 2016; 63:1943-56. [PMID: 26857093 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Using publicly available data from inbred mouse strains, we conducted a genome-wide association study to identify loci that accounted for liver-related phenotypes between C57BL/6J and A/J mice fed a Paigen diet. We confirmed genome-wide significant associations for hepatic cholesterol (chromosome 10A2) and serum total bile acid concentration (chromosome 12E) and identified a new locus for liver inflammation (chromosome 7C). Analysis of consomic mice confirmed that chromosome 12 A/J alleles accounted for the variance in serum total bile acid concentrations and had pleiotropic effects on liver mass, serum cholesterol, and serum alanine aminotransferase activity. Using an affected-only haplotype analysis among strains, we refined the chromosome 12E signal to a 1.95 Mb linkage disequilibrium block containing only one gene, sel-1 suppressor of lin-12-like (Sel1l). RNA sequencing and immunoblotting demonstrated that the risk allele locally conferred reduced expression of SEL1L in liver and distantly down-regulated pathways associated with hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 homeobox A (Hnf1a) and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4A (Hnf4a), known modifiers of bile acid transporters and metabolic traits. Consistent with these data, knockdown of SEL1L in HepG2 cells resulted in reduced HNF1A and HNF4A and increased bile acids in culture media; it further captured multiple molecular signatures observed in consomic mouse livers with reduced SEL1L. Finally, dogs harboring a SEL1L mutation and Sel1l(+/-) mice fed a Paigen diet had significantly increased serum total bile acid concentrations, providing independent confirmation linking SEL1L to bile acid metabolism. CONCLUSION Genetic analyses of inbred mouse strains identified loci affecting different liver-related traits and implicated Sel1l as a significant determinant of serum bile acid concentration. (Hepatology 2016;63:1943-1956).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Ami Patel
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Kaisa Kyöstilä
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nikol Mladkova
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Krzysztof Kiryluk
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Xiaoyun Sun
- JP Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Jay H Lefkowitch
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Howard J Worman
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Ali G Gharavi
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
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13
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Diaferia GR, Cirulli V, Biunno I. SEL1L regulates adhesion, proliferation and secretion of insulin by affecting integrin signaling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79458. [PMID: 24324549 PMCID: PMC3854660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SEL1L, a component of the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD) pathway, has been reported to regulate the (i) differentiation of the pancreatic endocrine and exocrine tissue during the second transition of mouse embryonic development, (ii) neural stem cell self-renewal and lineage commitment and (iii) cell cycle progression through regulation of genes related to cell-matrix interaction. Here we show that in the pancreas the expression of SEL1L is developmentally regulated, such that it is readily detected in developing islet cells and in nascent acinar clusters adjacent to basement membranes, and becomes progressively restricted to the islets of Langherans in post-natal life. This peculiar expression pattern and the presence of two inverse RGD motifs in the fibronectin type II domain of SEL1L protein indicate a possible interaction with cell adhesion molecules to regulate islets architecture. Co-immunoprecipitation studies revealed SEL1L and ß1-integrin interaction and, down-modulation of SEL1L in pancreatic ß-cells, negatively influences both cell adhesion on selected matrix components and cell proliferation likely due to altered ERK signaling. Furthermore, the absence of SEL1L protein strongly inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in isolated mouse pancreatic islets unveiling an important role of SEL1L in insulin trafficking. This phenotype can be rescued by the ectopic expression of the ß1-integrin subunit confirming the close interaction of these two proteins in regulating the cross-talk between extracellular matrix and insulin signalling to create a favourable micro-environment for ß-cell development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincenzo Cirulli
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Institute for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (VC); (IB)
| | - Ida Biunno
- Stem Cell Science Unit, IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail: (VC); (IB)
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14
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Iwabuchi A, Kamoda T, Shinohara H, Sumazaki R. Japanese boy with maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 3 who developed diabetes at 19 months old. Pediatr Int 2013; 55:e32-4. [PMID: 23679181 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.2012.03741.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 3 (MODY3) is caused by hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α gene mutation and is clinically characterized by young onset and insufficient insulin secretion. We report a 19-month-old Japanese boy with a family history of young-onset diabetes who was initially diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Mutational analysis of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α gene revealed a novel heterozygous frameshift mutation (c.593delA p.Lys198fs) resulting in a truncated protein in the patient and his father. The patient was diagnosed as having MODY3 and was successfully treated with insulin glargine. We could not determine the genetic or environmental factors to explain the difference in the age of disease onset within the same family. This is the youngest case of a MODY3 child presenting with overt diabetes. Our experience suggests that clinicians should always consider the possible diagnosis of MODY3 in a diabetic child with a family history of young-onset diabetes and should perform molecular investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Iwabuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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15
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Galán M, García-Herrero CM, Azriel S, Gargallo M, Durán M, Gorgojo JJ, Andía VM, Navas MA. Differential effects of HNF-1α mutations associated with familial young-onset diabetes on target gene regulation. Mol Med 2010; 17:256-65. [PMID: 21170474 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2010.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-α (HNF-1α) is a homeodomain transcription factor expressed in a variety of tissues (including liver and pancreas) that regulates a wide range of genes. Heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding HNF-1α (HNF1A) cause familial young-onset diabetes, also known as maturity-onset diabetes of the young, type 3 (MODY3). The variability of the MODY3 clinical phenotype can be due to environmental and genetic factors as well as to the type and position of mutations. Thus, functional characterization of HNF1A mutations might provide insight into the molecular defects explaining the variability of the MODY3 phenotype. We have functionally characterized six HNF1A mutations identified in diabetic patients: two novel ones, p.Glu235Gly and c-57-64delCACGCGGT;c-55G>C; and four previously described, p.Val133Met, p.Thr196Ala, p.Arg271Trp and p.Pro379Arg. The effects of mutations on transcriptional activity have been measured by reporter assays on a subset of HNF-1α target promoters in Cos7 and Min6 cells. Target DNA binding affinities have been quantified by electrophoretic mobility shift assay using bacterially expressed glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-HNF-1α fusion proteins and nuclear extracts of transfected Cos7 cells. Our functional studies revealed that mutation c-57-64delCACGCGGT;c-55G>C reduces HNF1A promoter activity in Min6 cells and that missense mutations have variable effects. Mutation p.Arg271Trp impairs HNF-1α activity in all conditions tested, whereas mutations p.Val133Met, p.Glu235Gly and p.Pro379Arg exert differential effects depending on the target promoter. In contrast, substitution p.Thr196Ala does not appear to alter HNF-1α function. Our results suggest that HNF1A mutations may have differential effects on the regulation of specific target genes, which could contribute to the variability of the MODY3 clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Galán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Lango Allen H, Johansson S, Ellard S, Shields B, Hertel JK, Raeder H, Colclough K, Molven A, Frayling TM, Njølstad PR, Hattersley AT, Weedon MN. Polygenic risk variants for type 2 diabetes susceptibility modify age at diagnosis in monogenic HNF1A diabetes. Diabetes 2010; 59:266-71. [PMID: 19794065 PMCID: PMC2797932 DOI: 10.2337/db09-0555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mutations in the HNF1A gene are the most common cause of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). There is a substantial variation in the age at diabetes diagnosis, even within families where diabetes is caused by the same mutation. We investigated the hypothesis that common polygenic variants that predispose to type 2 diabetes might account for the difference in age at diagnosis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Fifteen robustly associated type 2 diabetes variants were successfully genotyped in 410 individuals from 203 HNF1A-MODY families, from two study centers in the U.K. and Norway. We assessed their effect on the age at diagnosis both individually and in a combined genetic score by summing the number of type 2 diabetes risk alleles carried by each patient. RESULTS We confirmed the effects of environmental and genetic factors known to modify the age at HNF1A-MODY diagnosis, namely intrauterine hyperglycemia (-5.1 years if present, P = 1.6 x 10(-10)) and HNF1A mutation position (-5.2 years if at least two isoforms affected, P = 1.8 x 10(-2)). Additionally, our data showed strong effects of sex (females diagnosed 3.0 years earlier, P = 6.0 x 10(-4)) and age at study (0.3 years later diagnosis per year increase in age, P = 4.7 x 10(-38)). There were no strong individual single nucleotide polymorphism effects; however, in the combined genetic score model, each additional risk allele was associated with 0.35 years earlier diabetes diagnosis (P = 5.1 x 10(-3)). CONCLUSIONS We show that type 2 diabetes risk variants of modest effect sizes reduce the age at diagnosis in HNF1A-MODY. This is one of the first studies to demonstrate that clinical characteristics of a monogenic disease can be modified by common polygenic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Lango Allen
- Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K.
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17
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Rodriguez-Murillo L, Subaran R, Stewart WCL, Pramanik S, Marathe S, Barst RJ, Chung WK, Greenberg DA. Novel loci interacting epistatically with bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 cause familial pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Heart Lung Transplant 2009; 29:174-80. [PMID: 19864167 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2009.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Revised: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial pulmonary arterial hypertension (FPAH) is a rare, autosomal-dominant, inherited disease with low penetrance. Mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) have been identified in at least 70% of FPAH patients. However, the lifetime penetrance of these BMPR2 mutations is 10% to 20%, suggesting that genetic and/or environmental modifiers are required for disease expression. Our goal in this study was to identify genetic loci that may influence FPAH expression in BMPR2 mutation carriers. METHODS We performed a genome-wide linkage scan in 15 FPAH families segregating for BMPR2 mutations. We used a dense single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and a novel multi-scan linkage procedure that provides increased power and precision for the localization of linked loci. RESULTS We observed linkage evidence in four regions: 3q22 ([median log of the odds (LOD) = 3.43]), 3p12 (median LOD) = 2.35), 2p22 (median LOD = 2.21), and 13q21 (median LOD = 2.09). When used in conjunction with the non-parametric bootstrap, our approach yields high-resolution to identify candidate gene regions containing putative BMPR2-interacting genes. Imputation of the disease model by LOD-score maximization indicates that the 3q22 locus alone predicts most FPAH cases in BMPR2 mutation carriers, providing strong evidence that BMPR2 and the 3q22 locus interact epistatically. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that genotypes at loci in the newly identified regions, especially at 3q22, could improve FPAH risk prediction in FPAH families. We also suggest other targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rodriguez-Murillo
- Division of Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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18
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Borowiec M, Liew CW, Thompson R, Boonyasrisawat W, Hu J, Mlynarski WM, El Khattabi I, Kim SH, Marselli L, Rich SS, Krolewski AS, Bonner-Weir S, Sharma A, Sale M, Mychaleckyj JC, Kulkarni RN, Doria A. Mutations at the BLK locus linked to maturity onset diabetes of the young and beta-cell dysfunction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:14460-5. [PMID: 19667185 PMCID: PMC2732833 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0906474106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a subtype of diabetes defined by an autosomal pattern of inheritance and a young age at onset, often before age 25. MODY is genetically heterogeneous, with 8 distinct MODY genes identified to date and more believed to exist. We resequenced 732 kb of genomic sequence at 8p23 in 6 MODY families unlinked to known MODY genes that showed evidence of linkage at that location. Of the 410 sequence differences that we identified, 5 had a frequency <1% in the general population and segregated with diabetes in 3 of the families, including the 2 showing the strongest support for linkage at this location. The 5 mutations were all placed within 100 kb corresponding to the BLK gene. One resulted in an Ala71Thr substitution; the other 4 were noncoding and determined decreased in vitro promoter activity in reporter gene experiments. We found that BLK--a nonreceptor tyrosine-kinase of the src family of proto-oncogenes--is expressed in beta-cells where it enhances insulin synthesis and secretion in response to glucose by up-regulating transcription factors Pdx1 and Nkx6.1. These actions are greatly attenuated by the Ala71Thr mutation. These findings point to BLK as a previously unrecognized modulator of beta-cell function, the deficit of which may lead to the development of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Borowiec
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Lodz, 91-738, Lodz, Poland; and
| | - Chong W. Liew
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | | | - Watip Boonyasrisawat
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Jiang Hu
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and
| | | | - Ilham El Khattabi
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Lorella Marselli
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Andrzej S. Krolewski
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Susan Bonner-Weir
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Arun Sharma
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Michele Sale
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Josyf C. Mychaleckyj
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Alessandro Doria
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
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Skupien J, Gorczynska-Kosiorz S, Klupa T, Cyganek K, Wanic K, Borowiec M, Sieradzki J, Malecki MT. Molecular background and clinical characteristics of HNF1A MODY in a Polish population. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2008; 34:524-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2008.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Revised: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 05/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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20
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Bellanné-Chantelot C, Carette C, Riveline JP, Valéro R, Gautier JF, Larger E, Reznik Y, Ducluzeau PH, Sola A, Hartemann-Heurtier A, Lecomte P, Chaillous L, Laloi-Michelin M, Wilhem JM, Cuny P, Duron F, Guerci B, Jeandidier N, Mosnier-Pudar H, Assayag M, Dubois-Laforgue D, Velho G, Timsit J. The type and the position of HNF1A mutation modulate age at diagnosis of diabetes in patients with maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY)-3. Diabetes 2008; 57:503-8. [PMID: 18003757 DOI: 10.2337/db07-0859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The clinical expression of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY)-3 is highly variable. This may be due to environmental and/or genetic factors, including molecular characteristics of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha (HNF1A) gene mutation. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed the mutations identified in 356 unrelated MODY3 patients, including 118 novel mutations, and searched for correlations between the genotype and age at diagnosis of diabetes. RESULTS Missense mutations prevailed in the dimerization and DNA-binding domains (74%), while truncating mutations were predominant in the transactivation domain (62%). The majority (83%) of the mutations were located in exons 1- 6, thus affecting the three HNF1A isoforms. Age at diagnosis of diabetes was lower in patients with truncating mutations than in those with missense mutations (18 vs. 22 years, P = 0.005). Missense mutations affecting the dimerization/DNA-binding domains were associated with a lower age at diagnosis than those affecting the transactivation domain (20 vs. 30 years, P = 10(-4)). Patients with missense mutations affecting the three isoforms were younger at diagnosis than those with missense mutations involving one or two isoforms (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS These data show that part of the variability of the clinical expression in MODY3 patients may be explained by the type and the location of HNF1A mutations. These findings should be considered in studies for the search of additional modifier genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Bellanné-Chantelot
- Département de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Bât 6 rue Lapeyronie, 47/83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France.
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21
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Tzoufi M, Kanioglou C, Dasoula A, Asproudis I, Tsatsoulis A, Sismani C, Patsalis PC, Georgiou I, Syrrou M. Mosaic trisomy r(14) associated with epilepsy and mental retardation. J Child Neurol 2007; 22:869-73. [PMID: 17715281 DOI: 10.1177/0883073807304196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We report a patient with moderate mental retardation, benign clinical course of epilepsy, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The patient has a mosaic karyotype with 2 cell lines: 1 with a ring chromosome 14 [r(14)], and 1 with an apparently duplicated r(14) chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meropi Tzoufi
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
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Abstract
Inbred mouse strains provide genetic diversity comparable to that of the human population. Like humans, mice have a wide range of diabetes-related phenotypes. The inbred mouse strains differ in the response of their critical physiological functions, such as insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, beta-cell proliferation and survival, and fuel partitioning, to diet and obesity. Most of the critical genes underlying these differences have not been identified, although many loci have been mapped. The dramatic improvements in genomic and bioinformatics resources are accelerating the pace of gene discovery. This review describes how mouse genetics can be used to discover diabetes-related genes, summarizes how the mouse strains differ in their diabetes-related phenotypes, and describes several examples of how loci identified in the mouse may directly relate to human diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne M Clee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1544, USA
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Chaparro RJ, Konigshofer Y, Beilhack GF, Shizuru JA, McDevitt HO, Chien YH. Nonobese diabetic mice express aspects of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:12475-80. [PMID: 16895987 PMCID: PMC1832259 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0604317103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Before the onset of autoimmune destruction, type 1 diabetic patients and an animal model, the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse, show morphological and functional abnormalities in target organs, which may act as inciting events for leukocyte infiltration. To better understand these abnormalities, but without the complications associated with lymphocytic infiltrates, we examined genes expressed in autoimmune target tissues of NOD/severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice and of autoimmune-resistant C57BL/6/scid mice. Our results suggest that the NOD genetic background may predispose them to diabetic complications, including insulin resistance in the absence of high circulating glucose levels and without autoimmune destruction of their beta cells. Several of these genes lie within known type 1 and 2 diabetes loci. These data suggest that the NOD mouse may be a good candidate to study an interface between type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo José Chaparro
- *Program in Immunology and Departments of
- To whom correspondence may be sent at the present address:
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461. E-mail:
| | - Yves Konigshofer
- *Program in Immunology and Departments of
- Microbiology and Immunology and
| | - Georg F. Beilhack
- *Program in Immunology and Departments of
- Medicine, Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Judith A. Shizuru
- *Program in Immunology and Departments of
- Medicine, Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Hugh O. McDevitt
- *Program in Immunology and Departments of
- Microbiology and Immunology and
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
| | - Yueh-hsiu Chien
- *Program in Immunology and Departments of
- Microbiology and Immunology and
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
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24
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Harries LW, Ellard S, Stride A, Morgan NG, Hattersley AT. Isomers of the TCF1 gene encoding hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha show differential expression in the pancreas and define the relationship between mutation position and clinical phenotype in monogenic diabetes. Hum Mol Genet 2006; 15:2216-24. [PMID: 16760222 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddl147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of multiple transcripts by mRNA processing has the potential to moderate differences in gene expression both between tissues and at different stages of development. Where gene function is compromised by mutation, the presence of multiple isoforms may influence the resulting phenotype. Heterozygous mutations in the transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha (HNF1A or TCF1 gene) result in early-onset diabetes as a result of pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction. We investigated the expression of the three alternatively processed isoforms of the HNF1A gene and their impact on the phenotype associated with mutations. Real-time PCR demonstrated variation in tissue expression of HNF1A isomers: HNF1A(A), with the lowest transactivation activity compared with the truncated isoforms HNF1A(B) and HNF1A(C), is the major isomer in liver (54%) and kidney (67%) but not in adult pancreas (24%) and islets (26%). However, in fetal pancreas HNF1A(A) is the major transcript (84%), which supports developmental regulation of isomer expression. We examined whether the isomers affected by the mutation altered the diabetes phenotype in 564 subjects with 123 mutations in HNF1A. Mutations that affected only isomer HNF1A(A) (exons 8-10) were diagnosed later (25.5 years) than mutations affecting all three isomers (exons 1-6) (18.0 years) (P=0.006). This first genotype/phenotype relationship described for patients with HNF1A mutations is explained by isomer structure and not by either mutation type or functional domain. We conclude that all three isomers may be critical for beta-cell function and could play a role in both the developing and mature beta cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna W Harries
- Institute of Biomedical and Clincal Sciences, Peninsula Medical School, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon, UK.
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25
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Sato S, Hasebe H, Sato S, Asahi Y, Hayashi T, Kobayashi E, Sugimoto Y. High-resolution physical mapping and construction of a porcine contig spanning the intramuscular fat content QTL. Anim Genet 2006; 37:113-20. [PMID: 16573525 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01397.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We previously mapped a locus for porcine intramuscular fat content (IMF) by linkage analysis to a 17.1-cM chromosome interval on Sus scrofa chromosome 7 (SSC7) flanked by microsatellite markers SW1083 and SW581. In this study, we identified 34 microsatellite markers and 14 STSs from the 17.1-cM IMF quantitative trait loci (QTL) region corresponding to HSA14q and aligned those loci using the INRA-University of Minnesota porcine radiation hybrid (IMpRH) panel. We then constructed a 5.2-Mb porcine bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) contig of this region that was aligned using the RH panel. Finally, the IMF QTL was fine-mapped to 12.6 cM between SJ169 and MM70 at the 0.1% chromosome-wise significance level by genotyping the previously studied F2 resource family with 17 additional microsatellites. We also demonstrated that the SJ169-MM70 interval spans approximately 3.0 Mb and contains at least 12 genes: GALC, GPR65, KCNK10, SPATA7, PTPN21, FLJ11806, EML5, TTC8, CHES1, CAP2P1, CHORDC2P and C14orf143.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sato
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Nishigo, Fukushima 961-8511, Japan
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26
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Yu Y, Wyszynski DF, Waterworth DM, Wilton SD, Barter PJ, Kesäniemi YA, Mahley RW, McPherson R, Waeber G, Bersot TP, Ma Q, Sharma SS, Montgomery DS, Middleton LT, Sundseth SS, Mooser V, Grundy SM, Farrer LA. Multiple QTLs influencing triglyceride and HDL and total cholesterol levels identified in families with atherogenic dyslipidemia. J Lipid Res 2005; 46:2202-13. [PMID: 16061952 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m500137-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a genome-wide scan using variance components linkage analysis to localize quantitative-trait loci (QTLs) influencing triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and total cholesterol (TC) levels in 3,071 subjects from 459 families with atherogenic dyslipidemia. The most significant evidence for linkage to TG levels was found in a subset of Turkish families at 11q22 [logarithm of the odds ratio (LOD)=3.34] and at 17q12 (LOD=3.44). We performed sequential oligogenic linkage analysis to examine whether multiple QTLs jointly influence TG levels in the Turkish families. These analyses revealed loci at 20q13 that showed strong epistatic effects with 11q22 (conditional LOD=3.15) and at 7q36 that showed strong epistatic effects with 17q12 (conditional LOD=3.21). We also found linkage on the 8p21 region for TG in the entire group of families (LOD=3.08). For HDL-C levels, evidence of linkage was identified on chromosome 15 in the Turkish families (LOD=3.05) and on chromosome 5 in the entire group of families (LOD=2.83). Linkage to QTLs for TC was found at 8p23 in the entire group of families (LOD=4.05) and at 5q13 in a subset of Turkish and Mediterranean families (LOD=3.72). These QTLs provide important clues for the further investigation of genes responsible for these complex lipid phenotypes. These data also indicate that a large proportion of the variance of TG levels in the Turkish population is explained by the interaction of multiple genetic loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- Department of Medicine (Genetics Program), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Díaz-Perales A, Quesada V, Sánchez LM, Ugalde AP, Suárez MF, Fueyo A, López-Otín C. Identification of Human Aminopeptidase O, a Novel Metalloprotease with Structural Similarity to Aminopeptidase B and Leukotriene A4 Hydrolase. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:14310-7. [PMID: 15687497 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m413222200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have cloned and characterized a human brain cDNA encoding a new metalloprotease that has been called aminopeptidase O (AP-O). AP-O exhibits a series of structural features characteristic of aminopeptidases, including a conserved catalytic domain with a zinc-binding site (HEXXHX18E) that allows its classification in the M1 family of metallopeptidases or gluzincins. The structural complexity of AP-O is further increased by the presence of an additional C-terminal domain 170 residues long, which is predicted to have an ARM repeat fold originally identified in the Drosophila segment polarity gene product Armadillo. This ARM repeat domain is also present in aminopeptidase B, aminopeptidase B-like, and leukotriene A4 hydrolase and defines a novel subfamily of aminopeptidases that we have called ARM aminopeptidases. Northern blot analysis revealed that AP-O is mainly expressed in the pancreas, placenta, liver, testis, and heart. Human AP-O was produced in Escherichia coli, and the purified recombinant protein hydrolyzed synthetic substrates used for assaying aminopeptidase activity. This activity was abolished by general inhibitors of metalloproteases and specific inhibitors of aminopeptidases. Recombinant AP-O also cleaved angiotensin III to generate angiotensin IV, a bioactive peptide of the renin-angiotensin pathway with multiple actions on diverse tissues, including brain, testis, and heart. On the basis of these results we suggest that AP-O could play a role in the proteolytic processing of bioactive peptides in those tissues where it is expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Díaz-Perales
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular and Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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Toye AA, Lippiat JD, Proks P, Shimomura K, Bentley L, Hugill A, Mijat V, Goldsworthy M, Moir L, Haynes A, Quarterman J, Freeman HC, Ashcroft FM, Cox RD. A genetic and physiological study of impaired glucose homeostasis control in C57BL/6J mice. Diabetologia 2005; 48:675-86. [PMID: 15729571 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-005-1680-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2004] [Accepted: 11/07/2004] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS C57BL/6J mice exhibit impaired glucose tolerance. The aims of this study were to map the genetic loci underlying this phenotype, to further characterise the physiological defects and to identify candidate genes. METHODS Glucose tolerance was measured in an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and genetic determinants mapped in an F2 intercross. Insulin sensitivity was measured by injecting insulin and following glucose disposal from the plasma. To measure beta cell function, insulin secretion and electrophysiological studies were carried out on isolated islets. Candidate genes were investigated by sequencing and quantitative RNA analysis. RESULTS C57BL/6J mice showed normal insulin sensitivity and impaired insulin secretion. In beta cells, glucose did not stimulate a rise in intracellular calcium and its ability to close KATP channels was impaired. We identified three genetic loci responsible for the impaired glucose tolerance. Nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (Nnt) lies within one locus and is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proton pump. Expression of Nnt is more than sevenfold and fivefold lower respectively in C57BL/6J liver and islets. There is a missense mutation in exon 1 and a multi-exon deletion in the C57BL/6J gene. Glucokinase lies within the Gluchos2 locus and shows reduced enzyme activity in liver. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The C57BL/6J mouse strain exhibits plasma glucose intolerance reminiscent of human type 2 diabetes. Our data suggest a defect in beta cell glucose metabolism that results in reduced electrical activity and insulin secretion. We have identified three loci that are responsible for the inherited impaired plasma glucose tolerance and identified a novel candidate gene for contribution to glucose intolerance through reduced beta cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Toye
- Medical Research Council, Harwell, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
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Timsit J, Bellanné-Chantelot C, Dubois-Laforgue D, Velho G. Diagnosis and Management of Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 4:9-18. [PMID: 15649097 DOI: 10.2165/00024677-200504010-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a dominantly inherited form of non-ketotic diabetes mellitus. It results from a primary defect of insulin secretion, and usually develops at childhood, adolescence, or young adulthood. MODY is a heterogeneous disease with regard to genetic, metabolic, and clinical features. All MODY genes have not been identified, but heterozygous mutations in six genes cause the majority of the MODY cases. By far MODY2 (due to mutations of the glucokinase gene) and MODY3 (due to mutations in hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha) are the most frequent. As with MODY3, all the other MODY subtypes are associated with mutations in transcription factors. The clinical presentations of the different MODY subtypes differ, particularly in the severity and the course of the insulin secretion defect, the risk of microvascular complications of diabetes, and the defects associated with diabetes. Patients with MODY2 have mild, asymptomatic, and stable hyperglycemia that is present from birth. They rarely develop microvascular disease, and seldom require pharmacologic treatment of hyperglycemia. In patients with MODY3, severe hyperglycemia usually occurs after puberty, and may lead to the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. Despite the progression of insulin defects, sensitivity to sulfonylureas may be retained in MODY3 patients. Diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy frequently occur in patients with MODY3, making frequent follow-up mandatory. By contrast, other risk factors are not present in patients with MODY and the frequency of cardiovascular disease is not increased. The clinical spectrum of MODY is wider than initially described, and might include multi-organ involvement in addition to diabetes. In patients with MODY5, due to mutations in hepatocyte nuclear factor-1beta, diabetes is associated with pancreatic atrophy, renal morphologic and functional abnormalities, and genital tract and liver test abnormalities. Although MODY is dominantly inherited, penetrance or expression of the disease may vary and a family history of diabetes is not always present. Thus, the diagnosis of MODY should be raised in various clinical circumstances. Molecular diagnosis has important consequences in terms of prognosis, family screening, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Timsit
- Department of Immunology and Diabetology, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France.
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Saltini G, Proverbio MC, Malferrari G, Biagiotti L, Boettcher P, Dominici R, Monferini E, Lorenzini E, Cattaneo M, Antonello D, Moore PS, Zamproni I, Viscardi M, Chiumello G, Biunno I. Identification of a novel polymorphism in the fibronectin type II domain of the SEL1L gene and possible relation to the persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy. Mutat Res 2004; 554:159-63. [PMID: 15450414 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2004] [Revised: 04/22/2004] [Accepted: 04/22/2004] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
SEL1L, a human gene located on chromosome 14q24.3-q31, is highly expressed in adult pancreas. It is proximal to D14S67 (IDDM11) a proposed type I diabetes susceptibility locus. Considering the organ specific expression of SEL1L, a fundamental role of SEL1L in pancreatic growth can be hypothesized. While screening for mutations in young diabetic patients, in children affected by persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI), in patients with non-functional endocrine tumours and in over 100 control subjects, we identified a novel polymorphism (D162G) residing on the fourth exon of the gene. This exon encodes for the fibronectin type II domain and the nucleotide change involves a highly conserved amino acid. The D162G polymorphism induces a major change in the amino acid composition producing a possible disruptive role in collagen binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Saltini
- Centre for Bio-molecular Interdisciplinary Studies and Industrial applications, University of Milan, Italy
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Liu Z, Sun HX, Zhang YW, Li YF, Zuo J, Meng Y, Fang FD. Effect of SNPs in protein kinase Cz gene on gene expression in the reporter gene detection system. World J Gastroenterol 2004; 10:2357-60. [PMID: 15285019 PMCID: PMC4576288 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v10.i16.2357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigated the effects of the SNPs (rs411021, rs436045, rs427811, rs385039 and rs809912) on gene expression and further identify the susceptibility genes of type 2 diabetes.
METHODS: Ten allele fragments (49 bp each) were synthesized according to the 5 SNPs mentioned above. These fragments were cloned into luciferase reporter gene vector and then transfected into HepG2 cells. The activity of the luciferase was assayed. Effects of the SNPs on RNA splicing were analyzed by bioinformatics.
RESULTS: rs427811T allele and rs809912G allele enhanced the activity of the reporter gene expression. None of the 5 SNPs affected RNA splicing.
CONCLUSION: SNPs in protein kinase Cz (PKCZ) gene probably play a role in the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes by affecting the expression level of the relevant genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Liu
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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Guillausseau PJ, Dubois-Laforgue D, Massin P, Laloi-Michelin M, Bellanné-Chantelot C, Gin H, Bertin E, Blickle JF, Bauduceau B, Bouhanick B, Cahen-Varsaux J, Casanova S, Charpentier G, Chedin P, Derrien C, Grimaldi A, Guerci B, Kaloustian E, Lorenzini F, Murat A, Olivier F, Paques M, Paquis-Flucklinger V, Tielmans A, Vincenot M, Vialettes B, Timsit J. Heterogeneity of diabetes phenotype in patients with 3243 bp mutation of mitochondrial DNA (Maternally Inherited Diabetes and Deafness or MIDD). DIABETES & METABOLISM 2004; 30:181-6. [PMID: 15223991 DOI: 10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70105-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In patients with maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD), due to 3 243 A > G mutation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), diabetes may present with variable phenotypes. OBJECTIVE To ascertain the existence of two distinct phenotypes, MIDD1 and MIDD2, in a series of patients with MIDD. DESIGN Multicenter prospective study. PATIENTS 77 patients with diabetes and the mtDNA 3243 mutation and 139 control patients with type 1 (T1D) or type 2 (T2D) diabetes, matched according to initial presentation of diabetes, age at onset, sex, and duration of diabetes (24 T1D and 115 T2D, including 55 treated with insulin). MEASUREMENTS Anthropometric characteristics (height, body weight, body mass index [BMI], sex), family history of diabetes, and characteristics of diabetes (age at onset, treatment, hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c]), extrapancreatic manifestations. RESULTS In 13 cases (17%, MIDD1), diabetes presented as insulin-dependent from the onset, with ketoacidosis in 6 cases. In 64 cases (83%, MIDD2), diabetes resembled T2D, and was treated with diet in 12 cases, oral hypoglycemic agents in 21 cases, or insulin in 31 cases. Compared with patients with MIDD2, patients with MIDD1 were characterized by lower age at onset of first manifestation of MIDD (25.4 +/- 9.6 vs 33.7 +/- 13.2 Years, P<0.0005), lower body weight (49.1 +/- 7.4 vs 56.3 +/- 10.9 kg, P<0.0025), lower BMI (18.2 +/- 2.3 vs 20.9 +/- 3.6 kg/m2, P<0.0005), and higher HbA1c levels (9.5 +/- 2.0 vs 7.5 +/- 1.6%, P<0.0005). Frequency of family history of diabetes and of extrapancreatic manifestations was the same in both MIDD subtypes. No difference was found within the MIDD2 subtype when comparing patients treated with or without insulin. Compared with matched controls, patients with MIDD had a lower BMI (MIDD1/T1D 18.2 +/- 2.3 vs 24.0 +/- 3.6 kg/m2 and MIDD2/T2D 20.9 +/- 3.6 vs 30.2 +/- 5.9 kg/m2, P<0.0025). Lastly, male patients with MIDD had a shorter height than controls (MIDD1/T1D: 166.1 +/- 3.2 vs 177.3 +/- 6.6 cm and MIDD2/T2D: 168.4 +/- 7.2 vs 173.6 +/- 6.6 cm P<0.025). CONCLUSIONS These results confirm the existence of two different phenotypes in MIDD, MIDD1 and MIDD2, which may be related to the severity of the mitochondrial disease. The role of other genetic and/or environmental factors in the variable phenotype of MIDD remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Guillausseau
- Service de Médicine B, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75010 Paris, Université Paris 7-Denis Diderot, France.
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Wiltshire S, Frayling TM, Groves CJ, Levy JC, Hitman GA, Sampson M, Walker M, Menzel S, Hattersley AT, Cardon LR, McCarthy MI. Evidence from a large U.K. family collection that genes influencing age of onset of type 2 diabetes map to chromosome 12p and to the MODY3/NIDDM2 locus on 12q24. Diabetes 2004; 53:855-60. [PMID: 14988275 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.53.3.855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Additional information on genetic susceptibility effects relevant to type 2 diabetes pathogenesis can be extracted from existing genome scans by extending examination to related phenotypes such as age at disease onset. In this study, we report the reanalysis of data from 573 U.K. sibships ascertained for multiplex type 2 diabetes, using age at onset (assessed by the proxy measure of age at diagnosis) as the phenotype of interest. Genome-wide evidence for linkage to age at diagnosis was evaluated using both variance components and Haseman-Elston (HECOM) regression approaches, with extensive simulations to derive empirical significance values. There was broad agreement across analyses with six regions of interest (logarithm of odds [LOD] >/==" BORDER="0">1.18) identified on chromosomes 1qter, 4p15-4q12, 5p15, 12p13-12q13, 12q24, and 14q12-14q21. The strongest empirically "suggestive" evidence for linkage comes from regions on chromosome 12. The first region (12p13-12q13), peaking at D12S310 (variance components LOD [LOD(VC)] = 2.08, empirical pointwise P = 0.0007; HECOM LOD [LOD(HECOM)] = 2.58, P = 0.0010) seems to be novel. The second (12q24) peaking between D12S324 and D12S1659 (LOD(VC) = 1.87, P = 0.0016; LOD(HECOM) = 1.93, P = 0.0027) overlaps a region showing substantial prior evidence for diabetes linkage. These data provide additional evidence that genes mapping to these chromosomal regions are involved in the susceptibility to, and/or development of, type 2 diabetes.
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