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SARZYNSKI MARKA, RICE TREVAK, DESPRÉS JEANPIERRE, PÉRUSSE LOUIS, TREMBLAY ANGELO, STANFORTH PHILIPR, TCHERNOF ANDRÉ, BARBER JACOBL, FALCIANI FRANCESCO, CLISH CLARY, ROBBINS JEREMYM, GHOSH SUJOY, GERSZTEN ROBERTE, LEON ARTHURS, SKINNER JAMESS, RAO DC, BOUCHARD CLAUDE. The HERITAGE Family Study: A Review of the Effects of Exercise Training on Cardiometabolic Health, with Insights into Molecular Transducers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:S1-S43. [PMID: 35611651 PMCID: PMC9012529 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the HERITAGE Family Study was to investigate individual differences in response to a standardized endurance exercise program, the role of familial aggregation, and the genetics of response levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk factors. Here we summarize the findings and their potential implications for cardiometabolic health and cardiorespiratory fitness. It begins with overviews of background and planning, recruitment, testing and exercise program protocol, quality control measures, and other relevant organizational issues. A summary of findings is then provided on cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise hemodynamics, insulin and glucose metabolism, lipid and lipoprotein profiles, adiposity and abdominal visceral fat, blood levels of steroids and other hormones, markers of oxidative stress, skeletal muscle morphology and metabolic indicators, and resting metabolic rate. These summaries document the extent of the individual differences in response to a standardized and fully monitored endurance exercise program and document the importance of familial aggregation and heritability level for exercise response traits. Findings from genomic markers, muscle gene expression studies, and proteomic and metabolomics explorations are reviewed, along with lessons learned from a bioinformatics-driven analysis pipeline. The new opportunities being pursued in integrative -omics and physiology have extended considerably the expected life of HERITAGE and are being discussed in relation to the original conceptual model of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- MARK A. SARZYNSKI
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - TREVA K. RICE
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - JEAN-PIERRE DESPRÉS
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Laval University, Québec, QC, CANADA
| | - LOUIS PÉRUSSE
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
| | - ANGELO TREMBLAY
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
| | - PHILIP R. STANFORTH
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - ANDRÉ TCHERNOF
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Laval University, Québec, QC, CANADA
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
| | - JACOB L. BARBER
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - FRANCESCO FALCIANI
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - CLARY CLISH
- Metabolomics Platform, Broad Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - JEREMY M. ROBBINS
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - SUJOY GHOSH
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program and Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, SINGAPORE
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - ROBERT E. GERSZTEN
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - ARTHUR S. LEON
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - D. C. RAO
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - CLAUDE BOUCHARD
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
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Aljanabi MA, Alfaqih MA, Khanfar M, Amarin ZO, Elsalem L, Saadeh R, Al-Mughales F. Leptin and the GA genotype of rs2167270 of the LEP gene increase the risk of prediabetes. Biomed Rep 2021; 14:44. [PMID: 33786173 DOI: 10.3892/br.2021.1420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prediabetes is a precursor stage that frequently develops to definitive type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, identifying individuals with prediabetes can allow for early intervention measures that delay or prevent disease progression to T2DM. Several biochemical changes appear to be associated with prediabetes, including an increase in the serum levels of leptin. In Jordan, this association has not been previously investigated. In the present study, the serum levels of leptin were measured in 122 prediabetes subjects and 122 controls. Furthermore, the genotypes of three single nucleotide polymorphisms in the LEP gene (rs7799039, rs2167270 and rs791620) were investigated for their association with prediabetes using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The results revealed a significant increase in serum leptin levels in the prediabetes group. It was also shown that the GA genotype and the A allele of rs2167270 were significantly associated with an increased risk of prediabetes (P<0.05). These findings were shown to be independent of body mass index, waist circumference and serum glucose levels. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first in Jordan to have reported an association between serum leptin levels and the GA genotype of rs2167270 with an increased risk of prediabetes, identified both in the univariate and multivariate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhallad A Aljanabi
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud A Alfaqih
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Mariam Khanfar
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Zouhair O Amarin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Lina Elsalem
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Rami Saadeh
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Faheem Al-Mughales
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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Saki S, Saki N, Poustchi H, Malekzadeh R. Assessment of Genetic Aspects of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver and Premature Cardiovascular Events. Middle East J Dig Dis 2020; 12:65-88. [PMID: 32626560 PMCID: PMC7320986 DOI: 10.34172/mejdd.2020.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has demonstrated a strong interplay and multifaceted relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is the major cause of death in patients with NAFLD. NAFLD also has strong associations with diabetes and metabolic syndrome. In this comprehensive review, we aimed to overview the primary environmental and genetic risk factors of NAFLD, and CVD and also focus on the genetic aspects of these two disorders. NAFLD and CVD are both heterogeneous diseases with common genetic and molecular pathways. We have searched for the latest published articles regarding this matter and tried to provide an overview of recent insights into the genetic aspects of NAFLD and CVD. The common genetic and molecular pathways involved in NAFLD and CVD are insulin resistance (IR), subclinical inflammation, oxidative stress, and atherogenic dyslipidemia. According to an investigation, the exact associations between genomic characteristics of NAFLD and CVD and casual relationships are not fully determined. Different gene polymorphisms have been identified as the genetic components of the NAFLDCVD association. Some of the most documented ones of these gene polymorphisms are patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3), transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2), hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 13 (HSD17B13), adiponectin-encoding gene (ADIPOQ), apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), leptin receptor (LEPR), sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain-containing 7 (MBOAT7), and mutation in DYRK1B that substitutes cysteine for arginine at position 102 in kinase-like domain. Further cohort studies with a significant sample size using advanced genomic assessments and next-generation sequencing techniques are needed to shed more light on genetic associations between NAFLD and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Saki
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Saki
- Hoveizeh Cohort Study, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Tsai C, Pan C, Chen F, Huang T, Tsai M, Chuang C. Differences in neurocognitive performance and metabolic and inflammatory indices in male adults with obesity as a function of regular exercise. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:1650-1660. [DOI: 10.1113/ep087862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia‐Liang Tsai
- Institute of Physical Education Health and Leisure Studies National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
| | - Chien‐Yu Pan
- Department of Physical Education National Kaohsiung Normal University Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Fu‐Chen Chen
- Department of Physical Education National Kaohsiung Normal University Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Tsang‐Hai Huang
- Institute of Physical Education Health and Leisure Studies National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
| | - Meng‐Che Tsai
- Department of Physical Education National Kaohsiung Normal University Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Yao Chuang
- Institute of Physical Education Health and Leisure Studies National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
- Division of Genetics Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Pediatrics National Cheng Kung University Hospital College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
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Chen Y, Liu H, Wang L, Zhou T, Liang Z, Li W, Shang X, Leng J, Shen Y, Hu G, Qi L. Lifestyle intervention modifies the effect of the MC4R genotype on changes in insulin resistance among women with prior gestational diabetes: Tianjin Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prevention Program. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:750-758. [PMID: 31271198 PMCID: PMC6736191 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been related to an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes. The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) genotype has been related to glycemic changes in women with prior GDM. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyze whether lifestyle intervention modified the association between the MC4R genotype and changes in insulin sensitivity among women with prior GDM. METHODS We genotyped MC4R rs6567160 and measured glucose and insulin in fasting plasma samples at baseline and during the first 2 follow-up visits in 1128 women with prior GDM. They were randomly assigned to either a 4-y lifestyle intervention involving both diet and physical activity or a control group from a randomized clinical trial, the Tianjin Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prevention Program. We analyzed the interaction between the MC4R genotype and lifestyle intervention on changes in insulin resistance. RESULTS From baseline to 1.28 y, the MC4R genotype was related to changes in fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and homeostasis model assessment of β cell function (HOMA-B) in the intervention group. Each risk allele (C) of rs6567160 was associated with a 0.08-unit greater decrease in log(insulin), log(HOMA-IR), and log(HOMA-B) (P = 0.02, 0.04, and 0.04, respectively), whereas in the control group, each C allele tended to be associated with a greater increase in HOMA-IR (P = 0.09). We found significant interactions between the MC4R genotype and lifestyle intervention on 1.28-y changes in fasting insulin and HOMA-IR (P = 0.006 and 0.008, respectively), and such interaction remained significant when we analyzed the trajectory of changes in insulin and HOMA-IR from baseline to 2.55 y (both P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The exploratory results from the first 2 follow-up visits indicate that women with prior GDM carrying a diabetes-increasing MC4R genotype (CC or TC) may obtain better improvement than the TT genotype in insulin resistance through lifestyle intervention. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01554358.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huikun Liu
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Leishen Wang
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Zhaoxia Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Obstetrical Department, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiqin Li
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyun Shang
- Children's Hospital New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Junhong Leng
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun Shen
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Six People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Pickering C, Kiely J. Exercise Response Efficiency: A Novel Way to Enhance Population Health? Lifestyle Genom 2019; 11:129-135. [PMID: 31302657 DOI: 10.1159/000501206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The rates of obesity and its related comorbidities have increased substantially over the last 30 years, with approximately 35% of all US adults now classified as obese. Whilst the causes of obesity are both complex and multifactorial, one contributor is a reduction in leisure time physical activity, with no concurrent reduction in energy intake. Physical activity interventions have been demonstrated to promote fat loss, yet more than 50% of US adults undertake no leisure time physical activity at all, with a lack of time and enjoyment often cited as the main drivers of rising inactivity levels. Furthermore, recent evidence has demonstrated that a sub-group of individuals may experience no improvement in a given fitness or health-related measure following a specific training programme, suggesting that there may be optimal exercise types for different groups of individuals. In this paper, we introduce the concept of exercise response efficiency, whereby individuals are matched to the training type from which they are most likely to derive the greatest improvements for the least time commitment. We propose that a more precise targeting of exercise interventions is likely to drive more rapid improvements in health, thereby promoting exercise adherence and enjoyment, whilst simultaneously reducing obesity and mortality risks. Such an innovation would, we suggest, confer important public health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Pickering
- Institute of Coaching and Performance, School of Sport and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom,
| | - John Kiely
- Institute of Coaching and Performance, School of Sport and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
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Leońska-Duniec A, Jastrzębski Z, Jażdżewska A, Krzysztof F, Cięszczyk P. Leptin and Leptin Receptor Genes Are Associated With Obesity-Related Traits Changes in Response to Aerobic Training Program. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:1036-1044. [PMID: 29373433 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Leońska-Duniec, A, Jastrzębski, Z, Jażdżewska, A, Krzysztof, F, and Cięszczyk, P. Leptin and leptin receptor genes are associated with obesity-related traits changes in response to aerobic training program. J Strength Cond Res 32(4): 1036-1044, 2018-Leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR) genes have been studied for their potential association with development of human obesity and its related complications. Therefore, we have decided to check whether selected body mass, body composition, and metabolic variables observed in physically active participants will be modulated by the polymorphisms. The genotype distribution was examined in a group of 201 women measured for chosen traits before and after the completion of a 12-week aerobic training program. Our results revealed a significant interaction between training and LEP genotype for glucose level. A training-related decrease in plasma glucose concentration in the LEP AG heterozygotes differed significantly from the change in the homozygotes. The polymorphism was also associated with fat-free mass (FFM), total body water (TBW), total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Another finding was a significant interaction between training and LEPR for LDL-C level. As opposed to AG and GG, AA homozygotes demonstrated a training-related decrease in LDL-C level. Our findings also showed that the LEPR G allele is connected with obesity-related traits. The participants with the GG genotype had higher body mass, body mass index (BMI), FFM, and TBW during the entire study period. This study provides evidence that polymorphisms in the LEP and LEPR genes are associated with the magnitude of the effects of regular physical activity on glucose and LDL-C levels, respectively. In addition, we found the association of the G allele of the LEPR polymorphism with body mass and BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Leońska-Duniec
- Faculty of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, Department of Biological Basics of Physical Culture, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.,Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Department of Health Promotion, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Jastrzębski
- Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Department of Health Promotion, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Jażdżewska
- Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Department of Health Promotion, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ficek Krzysztof
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy Basics, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.,Galen-Orthopaedics, Bierun, Poland
| | - Paweł Cięszczyk
- Faculty of Physical Education, Department of Natural Sciences, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
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Kwiecinska K, Strojny W, Pietrys D, Bik-Multanowski M, Siedlar M, Balwierz W, Skoczen S. Late effects in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the context of selected gene polymorphisms. Ital J Pediatr 2018; 44:92. [PMID: 30111348 PMCID: PMC6094582 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-018-0526-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been shown that approximately half of survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have symptomatic late effects (LE) that may be severe or life-threatening. The aim of our study was to assess the health status of childhood ALL survivors after over 10 years of follow-up and to assess its relationships with gene polymorphisms, numbers and types of LEs, as well as with intensity of chemotherapy and cranial radiotherapy (CRT). METHODS We conducted a telephone survey in 125 ALL survivors (median time from completion of treatment was 12 years) and compared the results with those obtained in our previous study. Most of the patients were followed-up by local providers. RESULTS The prevalence of LEs of approximately 50% was similar in both study groups. More than one LE was found in almost 25% of patients. Endocrine LEs were less frequent than in our previous study (44% vs 22%), probably due to underdiagnosis. The prevalence of hepatitis B/C decreased from 30%/50 to 18% (counted together), and prevalence of neurologic LEs decreased from 18 to 6%. The increase in the rate of second malignancies was not significant (2% vs. 3%). Sixty four percent of patients continued their education at the time of the study. Approximately 51% of ALL survivors who have completed their education by the time of the study had no permanent employment, including 4 mothers of infants and 3 persons qualified for a disability living allowance. These employment problems may have been due to cognitive impairment. The offspring of the ALL survivors included 11 children, all of them healthy. Further analysis showed higher prevalence of hepatitis in patients treated with CRT (p = 0.0001). Genetic studies revealed higher prevalence of hepatitis in patients homozygous for the rs9939609A variant of the FTO gene compared with other patients (p = 0.03). Moreover, wild-type rs1137101 polymorphism (Q223R) of the and leptin receptor gene was more frequent in patients with psychological LEs (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of LEs in ALL survivors is of key importance. The transition of childhood ALL survivors from pediatric to adult care should be urgently improved to maintain continued follow-up provide high-quality care. TRIAL REGISTRATION Bioethics Committee of the Jagiellonian University approved the study protocol. Registration number: KBET/113/B/2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Kwiecinska
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Strojny
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663, Krakow, Poland
| | - Danuta Pietrys
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663, Krakow, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Bik-Multanowski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej Siedlar
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Chair of Clinical Immunology and Transplantation, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Walentyna Balwierz
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663, Krakow, Poland
| | - Szymon Skoczen
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Wielicka 265, 30-663, Krakow, Poland
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Solomon TPJ. Sources of Inter-individual Variability in the Therapeutic Response of Blood Glucose Control to Exercise in Type 2 Diabetes: Going Beyond Exercise Dose. Front Physiol 2018; 9:896. [PMID: 30061841 PMCID: PMC6055062 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of type 2 diabetes, inter-individual variability in the therapeutic response of blood glucose control to exercise exists to the extent that some individuals, occasionally referred to as “non-responders,” may not experience therapeutic benefit to their blood glucose control. This narrative review examines the evidence and, more importantly, identifies the sources of such inter-individual variability. In doing so, this review highlights that no randomized controlled trial of exercise has yet prospectively measured inter-individual variability in blood glucose control in individuals with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes. Of the identified sources of inter-individual variability, neither has a prospective randomized controlled trial yet quantified the impact of exercise dose, exercise frequency, exercise type, behavioral/environmental barriers, exercise-meal timing, or anti-hyperglycemic drugs on changes in blood glucose control, in individuals with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes. In addition, there is also an urgent need for prospective trials to identify molecular or physiological predictors of inter-individual variability in the changes in blood glucose control following exercise. Therefore, the narrative identifies critical science gaps that must be filled if exercise scientists are to succeed in optimizing health care policy recommendations for type 2 diabetes, so that the therapeutic benefit of exercise may be maximized for all individuals with, or at risk of, diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P J Solomon
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Kim HJ, Lee SY, Kim CM. Association between gene polymorphisms and obesity and physical fitness in Korean children. Biol Sport 2018; 35:21-27. [PMID: 30237658 PMCID: PMC6135971 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2018.70748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is affected by genetic factors and environmental influences. This research was undertaken to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to obesity and physical fitness and then to analyse and compare interactions between physical fitness and obesity-associated genotypes. To investigate relationships between physical fitness and major SNPs previously reported to be related to obesity, 68 SNPs in 32 genes were genotyped in 71 Korean children. Tests were conducted to evaluate five elements of physical fitness (speed, aerobic endurance, muscular endurance, muscular strength, and flexibility). The results obtained showed significant (P<0.02) differences in physical fitness scores for the following genotypes: CNR1 (rs1049353; GG), LEP (rs7799039; AA+AG), HHEX (rs1111875; TT), GC (rs16847015; TG+GG), LRP5 (rs4988300; GG+GT), NPY2R (rs2880415; CT+CC), PPY (rs231472; GG), UCP2 (rs660339; CT+TT), CDKN2B (rs10811661; AA+AG), and ADIPOQ (rs266729; CG+GG). Ten physical fitness-related genotypes were newly identified during the present study. This study suggests that classification of genotypes by physical fitness level could be used as an index for predicting the risk of obesity and for selecting individuals for intervention programmes. Furthermore, the study shows that even children participating in the same physical fitness improvement programme can exhibit different genotype dependencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jun Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Kyungnam University College of Education, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yeoup Lee
- Family Medicine Clinic and Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Education, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Min Kim
- Center for Anti-Aging Industry, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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Polymorphism in leptin receptor gene was associated with obesity in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Gajewska J, Kuryłowicz A, Mierzejewska E, Ambroszkiewicz J, Chełchowska M, Weker H, Puzianowska-Kuźnicka M. Complementary Effects of Genetic Variations in LEPR on Body Composition and Soluble Leptin Receptor Concentration after 3-Month Lifestyle Intervention in Prepubertal Obese Children. Nutrients 2016; 8:E328. [PMID: 27240401 PMCID: PMC4924169 DOI: 10.3390/nu8060328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In obese individuals, weight loss might be affected by variants of the adipokine-encoding genes. We verified whether selected functional single nucleotide polymorphisms in LEP, LEPR and ADIPOQ are associated with changes in serum levels of the respective adipokines and weight loss in 100 prepubertal obese (SDS-BMI > 2) Caucasian children undergoing lifestyle intervention. Frequencies of the -2548G > A LEP, Q223R LEPR, K656N LEPR, -11377C > G and -11426A > G ADIPOQ polymorphisms were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Serum adipokine and soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) concentrations were measured using the ELISA method. Among the analyzed polymorphisms, only LEPR polymorphisms were associated with changes of SDS-BMI or sOB-R concentrations in children after therapy. Carriers of the wild-type K665N and at least one minor Q223R allele had the greatest likelihood of losing weight (OR = 5.09, p = 0.006), an increase in sOB-R (ptrend = 0.022) and decrease in SDS-BMI correlated with the decrease of fat mass (p < 0.001). In contrast, carrying of the wild-type Q223R and at least one minor K665N allele were associated with a decrease in sOB-R concentrations and a decrease in SDS-BMI correlated with a decrease in fat-free mass (p = 0.002). We suggest that the combination of different LEPR variants, not a single variant, might determine predisposition to weight loss in the prepubertal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Gajewska
- Screening Department, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, Warsaw 01-211, Poland.
| | - Alina Kuryłowicz
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland.
| | - Ewa Mierzejewska
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw 01-211, Poland.
| | - Jadwiga Ambroszkiewicz
- Screening Department, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, Warsaw 01-211, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Chełchowska
- Screening Department, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, Warsaw 01-211, Poland.
| | - Halina Weker
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw 01-211, Poland.
| | - Monika Puzianowska-Kuźnicka
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland.
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Center of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw 01-826, Poland.
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Leońska-Duniec A, Ahmetov II, Zmijewski P. Genetic variants influencing effectiveness of exercise training programmes in obesity - an overview of human studies. Biol Sport 2016; 33:207-14. [PMID: 27601774 PMCID: PMC4993135 DOI: 10.5604/20831862.1201052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequent and regular physical activity has significant benefits for health, including improvement of body composition and help in weight control. Consequently, promoting training programmes, particularly in those who are genetically predisposed, is a significant step towards controlling the presently increasing epidemic of obesity. Although the physiological responses of the human body to exercise are quite well described, the genetic background of these reactions still remains mostly unknown. This review not only summarizes the current evidence, through a literature review and the results of our studies on the influence of gene variants on the characteristics and range of the body's adaptive response to training, but also explores research organization problems, future trends, and possibilities. We describe the most reliable candidate genetic markers that are involved in energy balance pathways and body composition changes in response to training programmes, such as FTO, MC4R, ACE, PPARG, LEP, LEPR, ADRB2, and ADRB3. This knowledge can have an enormous impact not only on individualization of exercise programmes to make them more efficient and safer, but also on improved recovery, traumatology, medical care, diet, supplementation and many other areas. Nevertheless, the current studies still represent only the first steps towards a better understanding of the genetic factors that influence obesity-related traits, as well as gene variant x physical activity interactions, so further research is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Leońska-Duniec
- Faculty of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Poland; Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Poland
| | - I I Ahmetov
- Sport Technology Research Center, Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Kazan, Russia; Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - P Zmijewski
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Sport, Warsaw, Poland
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Li XL, Sui JQ, Lu LL, Zhang NN, Xu X, Dong QY, Xin YN, Xuan SY. Gene polymorphisms associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and coronary artery disease: a concise review. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:53. [PMID: 26965314 PMCID: PMC4785616 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease which represents a wide spectrum of hepatic damage. Several studies have reported that NAFLD is a strong independent risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). And patients with NAFLD are at higher risk and suggested undergoperiodic cardiovascular risk assessment. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for the main cause of death in patients with NAFLD, and is mostly influenced by genetic factors. Both NAFLD and CAD are heterogeneous disease. Common pathways involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and CAD includes insulin resistance (IR), atherogenic dyslipidemia, subclinical inflammation, oxidative stress, etc. Genomic characteristics of these two diseases have been widely studied, further research about the association of these two diseases draws attention. The gene polymorphisms of adiponectin-encoding gene (ADIPOQ), leptin receptor (LEPR), apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), sterol regulatory elementbinding proteins (SREBP), transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP), tumor necrosis factors-alpha (TNF-α) and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) have been reported to be related to NAFLD and CAD. In this review, we aimed to provide an overview of recent insights into the genetic basis of NAFLD and CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Jian-Qing Sui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Lin-Lin Lu
- Digestive Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Central Laboratories, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Nan-Nan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Quan-Yong Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Yong-Ning Xin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Qingdao, 266011, China. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, China. .,Digestive Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Shi-Ying Xuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Qingdao, 266011, China. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266011, China. .,Digestive Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Tanisawa K, Tanaka M, Higuchi M. Gene-exercise interactions in the development of cardiometabolic diseases. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND SPORTS MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.5.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kumpei Tanisawa
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University
- Department of Genomics for Longevity and Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
| | - Masashi Tanaka
- Department of Genomics for Longevity and Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology
| | - Mitsuru Higuchi
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University
- Institute of Advanced Active Aging Research, Waseda University
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de Luis DA, Aller R, Izaola O, Gonzalez Sagrado M, Conde R, de la Fuente B, Primo D. Effect of Lys656Asn Polymorphism of Leptin Receptor Gene on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Serum Adipokine Levels after a High Polyunsaturated Fat Diet in Obese Patients. J Clin Lab Anal 2014; 29:432-6. [PMID: 25132099 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human obesity is characterized by high levels of leptin, and leptin levels may change with weight loss and dietary restriction. The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of Lys656Asn polymorphism in the leptin receptor gene on cardiovascular risk factors, weight loss, and serum leptin levels to a high polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) hypocaloric diet in obese patients. DESIGN A sample of 132 obese patients was analyzed in a prospective way with a dietary intervention. The enriched PUFAs hypocaloric intervention consisted in a diet of 1,459 kcal, 45.7% of carbohydrates, 34.4% of lipids, and 19.9% of proteins. RESULTS In wild-type group, BMI (-1.9 ± 1.4 kg/m(2) ), weight (-4.4 ± 3.2 kg), fat mass (-4.2 ± 3.8 kg), waist circumference (-4.1 ± 3.1 cm), systolic blood pressure (-7.0 ± 12.1 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (-3.9 ± 6.8 mmHg), insulin (-1.8 ± 5.6 MUI/l) and HOMA-IR (-0.5 ± 1.5 Units) decreased. In mutant genotype group, BMI (-2.0 ± 2.1 kg/m(2) ), weight (-3.6 ± 4.1 kg), waist circumference (-3.1 ± 4.1 cm), total cholesterol (-25.2 ± 19.6 mg/dl), LDL cholesterol (-16.6 ± 25.6 mg/dl), and tryglicerides (-26.6 ± 39.1 mg/dl) decreased. Only leptin levels have a significant decrease in wild genotype group (-6.6 ± 10.2 ng/ml) (25.1%). CONCLUSION Carriers of ASn656 allele have a different response than wild-type obese, with a lack of decrease in insulin levels, leptin levels, and HOMA-IR. However, obese patients with this mutant allele have a better lipid profile after weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A de Luis
- Center of Investigation of Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Medicine School and Unit of Investigation, Hospital Rio Hortega, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - R Aller
- Center of Investigation of Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Medicine School and Unit of Investigation, Hospital Rio Hortega, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - O Izaola
- Center of Investigation of Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Medicine School and Unit of Investigation, Hospital Rio Hortega, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - M Gonzalez Sagrado
- Center of Investigation of Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Medicine School and Unit of Investigation, Hospital Rio Hortega, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - R Conde
- Center of Investigation of Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Medicine School and Unit of Investigation, Hospital Rio Hortega, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - B de la Fuente
- Center of Investigation of Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Medicine School and Unit of Investigation, Hospital Rio Hortega, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - D Primo
- Center of Investigation of Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Medicine School and Unit of Investigation, Hospital Rio Hortega, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Fan SH, Say YH. Leptin and leptin receptor gene polymorphisms and their association with plasma leptin levels and obesity in a multi-ethnic Malaysian suburban population. J Physiol Anthropol 2014; 33:15. [PMID: 24947733 PMCID: PMC4073586 DOI: 10.1186/1880-6805-33-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study was to investigate the prevalence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in leptin gene LEP (A19G and G2548A) and leptin receptor gene LEPR (K109R and Q223R) and their association with fasting plasma leptin level (PLL) and obesity in a Malaysian suburban population in Kampar, Perak. Methods Convenience sampling was performed with informed consents, and the study sample was drawn from patients who were patrons of the Kampar Health Clinic. A total of 408 subjects (mean age, 52.4 ± 13.7 years; 169 men, 239 women; 190 obese, 218 non-obese; 148 Malays, 177 ethnic Chinese, 83 ethnic Indians) participated. Socio-demographic data and anthropometric measurements were taken, and genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results The LEP A19G, G2548A and LEPR K109R, Q223R variant allele frequencies were 0.74, 0.67 and 0.61, 0.79, respectively. The genotype and allele distributions of these gene variants were significantly different among ethnic groups, but not among body mass index (BMI) classes. Subjects with LEPR K109 and Q223 allele had significantly higher systolic blood pressure and adiposity indices after adjustment for ethnicity (higher BMI, total body and subcutaneous fat; lower skeletal muscle percentage). Subjects with LEPR 109R allele had lower PLL than their wild-type allele counterparts. The influence of LEP A19G and G2548A SNPs on blood pressures, anthropometrics, and PLL was not evident. Interestingly, synergistic effect of the LEP and LEPR SNPs was observed as subjects homozygous for all four SNPs studied exhibited significantly higher subcutaneous fat and PLL than those with other genotype combinations. Conclusions The LEP and LEPR SNPs in this study may not be an obesity marker among Malaysians in this population, but were associated with ethnicity. Our findings suggest that each of these SNPs contributes to minor but significant variation in obesity-related traits and in combination they display synergistic effects on subcutaneous fat and PLL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yee-How Say
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) Perak Campus, Kampar, Malaysia.
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18
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Pena GDG, Guimarães ALS, Veloso RR, Reis TC, Gomes CS, Neto JFR, Velasquez-Melendez G. Leptin Receptor Gene Gln223Arg Polymorphism Is Not Associated with Hypertension: A Preliminary Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Cardiol Res Pract 2014; 2014:879037. [PMID: 24772364 PMCID: PMC3950908 DOI: 10.1155/2014/879037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is responsible for high morbidity and mortality as one of the most important cardiometabolic risk factors. The aim of the study was to investigate whether the Gln223Arg in the leptin receptor (LEPR) influences the prevalence of hypertension. A cross-sectional study was carried out in individuals aged ≥ 18 years. Polymorphism identification was performed using PCR-RFLP analysis. Participants with blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg or medication use were considered hypertensive. Frequencies, means, cross-tabulations, and multivariate models were produced to study differences in hypertension prevalence by genotypes. The study includes 470 participants. The frequency of GG polymorphism variant was 10.43%, 46.81% AG, and 42.77% AA. The distribution of hypertension frequency by LEPR genotypes was the following: AA 43.8%, AG 40.4%, and GG 40.8%; there were no significant differences between groups. Comparative analysis which used multivariate Poisson regression adjusted by many potential confounders (age, sex, schooling, smoking, alcohol intake, obesity, and family history of parental obesity) did not modify this result. In this large sample of population-based study, the association of the LEPR Gln223Arg gene polymorphism with hypertension was not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geórgia das Graças Pena
- Maternal-Child Nursing and Public Health Department of the Nursing School, Nursing School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, (UFMG), 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Andre L. S. Guimarães
- Department of Dentistry, Program in Health Sciences, State University of Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), 39401-001Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | - Rosângela R. Veloso
- Department of Dentistry, Program in Health Sciences, State University of Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), 39401-001Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | - Tatiana C. Reis
- Department of Dentistry, Program in Health Sciences, State University of Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), 39401-001Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | - Crizian S. Gomes
- Maternal-Child Nursing and Public Health Department of the Nursing School, Nursing School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, (UFMG), 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - João F. R. Neto
- Department of Dentistry, Program in Health Sciences, State University of Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), 39401-001Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez
- Maternal-Child Nursing and Public Health Department of the Nursing School, Nursing School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, (UFMG), 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Hoang D, Broer N, Roman SA, Yao X, Abitbol N, Li F, Sosa JA, Sue GR, DeWan AT, Wong ML, Licinio J, Simpson C, Li AY, Pizzoferrato N, Narayan D. Leptin signaling and hyperparathyroidism: clinical and genetic associations. J Am Coll Surg 2013; 218:1239-1250.e4. [PMID: 24468228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of leptin in mediating calcium-related metabolic processes is not well understood. STUDY DESIGN We enrolled patients with hyperparathyroidism undergoing parathyroidectomy in a prospective study to assess postoperative changes to serum leptin and parathyroid hormone levels and to determine the presence of LEPR (leptin receptor) polymorphisms. Patients undergoing hemithyroidectomy under identical surgical conditions were enrolled as controls. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyze changes in leptin. Pearson correlations and Bland-Altman methods were used to examine the between-subject and within-subject correlations in changes in leptin and parathyroid hormone levels. Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the LEPR gene were genotyped, and linear regression analysis was performed for each polymorphism. RESULTS Among the 71 patients included in the clinical study, after-surgery leptin levels decreased significantly in the parathyroid adenoma (p < 0.001) and parathyroid hyperplasia subgroups (p = 0.002) and increased in the control group (p = 0.007). On multivariate analysis, parathyroid disease subtype, baseline leptin levels, age, body mass index, and calcium at diagnosis was associated with changes in leptin. Among the 132 patients included in the genotyping analysis, under a recessive model of inheritance, single-nucleotide polymorphism rs1137101 had a significant association with the largest parathyroid gland and total mass of parathyroid tissue removed (p = 0.045 and p = 0.040, respectively). When analyzing obese patients only, rs1137100 and rs1137101 were significantly associated with total parathyroid size (p = 0.0343 and p = 0.0259, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a role for the parathyroid gland in regulating leptin production. Genetic contributions from the leptin pathway might predispose to hyperparathyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don Hoang
- Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Niclas Broer
- Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Sanziana A Roman
- Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Xiaopan Yao
- Yale Center of Analytical Science, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Nathalie Abitbol
- Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Fangyong Li
- Yale Center of Analytical Science, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Julie A Sosa
- Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Gloria R Sue
- Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Andrew T DeWan
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Ma-Li Wong
- Mind and Brain Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute and Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Julio Licinio
- Mind and Brain Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute and Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Christine Simpson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Alexander Y Li
- Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Nicole Pizzoferrato
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Deepak Narayan
- Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
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Aijälä M, Santaniemi M, Bloigu R, Kesäniemi YA, Ukkola O. Leptin receptor Arg109 homozygotes display decreased total mortality as well as lower incidence of cardiovascular disease and related death. Gene 2013; 534:88-92. [PMID: 24140454 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Two leptin receptor single nucleotide polymorphisms, Lys109Arg and Gln223Arg, have been shown to associate with several risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In addition, we have previously shown that Arg109 and Arg223 homozygotes displayed lower intima-media thickness in our well-defined OPERA (Oulu Project Elucidating Risk of Atherosclerosis) study. This current research investigated the impact of these LEPR polymorphisms on cardiovascular events and related death as well as to total mortality in the 19-year follow-up of OPERA. Subjects were randomly selected, middle-aged drug-treated hypertensives and their age- and sex-matched control subjects recruited to the OPERA study between 1990 and 1993. Mortality and hospital events of 1045 subjects were followed up until 2009. A total of 151 coronary heart disease (CHD) and 211 cardiovascular disease (CVD) events or deaths including 58 CHD and 69 CVD deaths occurred. Furthermore, during this follow-up, a total of 165 subjects died. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the impact of Lys109Arg and Gln223Arg on the events and death. Further modeling was performed with Cox regression for Lys109Arg. The logistic regression analysis revealed a significant protective impact of Arg109Arg genotype on CHD (OR 0.433; CI 95% 0.217-0.863) and CVD (OR 0.540; CI 95% 0.309-0.942) events or death as well as on total mortality (OR 0.390; CI 95% 0.196-0.775) when adjusted with age, sex and study group. Even after further adjustment with BMI, smoking status, systolic blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, the protective effect of Arg109Arg on CHD events or death and total mortality still remained statistically significant (OR 0.463; CI 95% 0.230-0.931 and OR 0.442; CI 95% 0.218-0.896, respectively). Arg109Arg was also shown to confer protection against CHD mortality (HR 0.224; CI95% 0.055-0.919) and overall mortality (HR 0.413; CI95% 0.218-0.783) also in Cox regression analysis. In conclusion, the Arg109Arg genotype of LEPR seems to be protective from cardiovascular events and death and this phenomenon seems to be independent of the traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiju Aijälä
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu and Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
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Hagberg JM, Jenkins NT, Spangenburg E. Exercise training, genetics and type 2 diabetes-related phenotypes. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2012; 205:456-71. [PMID: 22672138 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2012.02455.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is at virtually pandemic levels world-wide. Diabetes has been referred to as 'a geneticist's nightmare'. However, dramatic advances in our understanding of the genetics of T2DM have occurred in the past 5 years. While endurance exercise training and increased habitual physical activity levels have consistently been shown to improve or be associated with improved T2DM-related phenotypes, there is substantial interindividual variation in these responses. There is some evidence that T2DM-related phenotype responses to exercise training are heritable, indicating that they might have a genetic basis. Genome-wide linkage studies have not identified specific chromosomal loci that could account for these differences, and no genome-wide association studies have been performed relative to T2DM-related phenotype responses to exercise training. From candidate gene studies, there are relatively strong and replicated data supporting a role for the PPARγ Pro12Ala variant in the interindividual differences in T2DM-related phenotype responses to training. This is a potentially important candidate locus because it affects T2DM susceptibility, has high biological plausibility and is the target for the primary pharmaceutical method for treating T2DM. Is it time to conduct a hypothesis-driven large-scale exercise training intervention trial based on PPARγ Pro12Ala genotype with T2DM-related phenotypes as the primary outcome measures, while also assessing potential mechanistic changes in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue? Or would it be more appropriate to propose a smaller trial to address the specific skeletal muscle and adipose tissue mechanisms affected by the interaction between the PPARγ Pro12Ala genotype and exercise training?
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Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Hagberg
- Department of Kinesiology; School of Public Health; University of Maryland; College Park; MD; USA
| | - N. T. Jenkins
- Department of Kinesiology; School of Public Health; University of Maryland; College Park; MD; USA
| | - E. Spangenburg
- Department of Kinesiology; School of Public Health; University of Maryland; College Park; MD; USA
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22
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Hagberg JM. Do genetic variations alter the effects of exercise training on cardiovascular disease and can we identify the candidate variants now or in the future? J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 111:916-28. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00153.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD risk factors are highly heritable, and numerous lines of evidence indicate they have a strong genetic basis. While there is nothing known about the interactive effects of genetics and exercise training on CVD itself, there is at least some literature addressing their interactive effect on CVD risk factors. There is some evidence indicating that CVD risk factor responses to exercise training are also heritable and, thus, may have a genetic basis. While roughly 100 studies have reported significant effects of genetic variants on CVD risk factor responses to exercise training, no definitive conclusions can be generated at the present time, because of the lack of consistent and replicated results and the small sample sizes evident in most studies. There is some evidence supporting “possible” candidate genes that may affect these responses to exercise training: APO E and CETP for plasma lipoprotein-lipid profiles; eNOS, ACE, EDN1, and GNB3 for blood pressure; PPARG for type 2 diabetes phenotypes; and FTO and BAR genes for obesity-related phenotypes. However, while genotyping technologies and statistical methods are advancing rapidly, the primary limitation in this field is the need to generate what in terms of exercise intervention studies would be almost incomprehensible sample sizes. Most recent diabetes, obesity, and blood pressure genetic studies have utilized populations of 10,000–250,000 subjects, which result in the necessary statistical power to detect the magnitude of effects that would probably be expected for the impact of an individual gene on CVD risk factor responses to exercise training. Thus at this time it is difficult to see how this field will advance in the future to the point where robust, consistent, and replicated data are available to address these issues. However, the results of recent large-scale genomewide association studies for baseline CVD risk factors may drive future hypothesis-driven exercise training intervention studies in smaller populations addressing the impact of specific genetic variants on well-defined physiological phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Hagberg
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
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Yako Y, Fanampe B, Hassan M, Erasmus R, van der Merwe L, van Rensburg S, Matsha T. Association of Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Related Transcript, Leptin and Leptin Receptor Gene Polymorphisms with Anthropometric Obesity Phenotype Indicators in South African Learners. JOURNAL OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS 2011; 4:210-21. [DOI: 10.1159/000329614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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de Luis DA, Aller R, Sagrado MG, Izaola O, Terroba MC, Cuellar L, Conde R, Martin T. Influence of lys656asn polymorphism of leptin receptor gene on surgical results of biliopancreatic diversion. J Gastrointest Surg 2010; 14:899-903. [PMID: 20213209 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-010-1181-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery is the most effective long-term treatment for morbid obesity, reducing obesity-associated comorbidities. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate Lys656Asn polymorphism of leptin receptor gene on outcomes 1 year after biliopancreatic diversion. METHODS A sample of 41 morbidly obese patients (body mass index (BMI) > 40 kg/m(2)) were operated on. Biochemical and anthropometric evaluation were realized at basal visit and at each visit. The frequency of patients with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia was recorded at each visit. RESULTS Thirty-two patients (78%) had genotype Lys656/Lys656, eight patients (19.5%) Lys656/Asn656 genotype, and one patient (2.4%) Asn656/Asn656 genotype. In the wild-type group, body mass index, weight, glucose, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and systolic blood pressure decreased. In the mutant group, the same parameters improved. Initial weight percent loss at 1 year of follow-up was higher in mutant group than in wild-type group (38.9% vs 29.9%; p < 0.05). Total weight loss was higher in mutant group than wild-type group (50.7 vs 37.2 kg; p < 0.05). Basal weight and BMI were higher in mutant group than wild type. CONCLUSION Weight loss was higher in mutant group (Lys656Asn and Asn656Asn) than wild-type group (Lys656Lys) after bariatric surgery. Carriers of the allelic variant (Asn) had higher basal weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Antonio de Luis
- Unit of Investigation and Endocrinology Department, Hospital Rio Hortega, Institute of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Medicine School, University of Valladolid, Valladolid 47130, Spain.
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Ruchat SM, Rankinen T, Weisnagel SJ, Rice T, Rao DC, Bergman RN, Bouchard C, Pérusse L. Improvements in glucose homeostasis in response to regular exercise are influenced by the PPARG Pro12Ala variant: results from the HERITAGE Family Study. Diabetologia 2010; 53:679-89. [PMID: 20043145 PMCID: PMC2840709 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1630-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Exercise training improves glucose homeostasis, but large inter-individual differences are reported, suggesting a role of genetic factors. We investigated whether variants either confirmed or newly identified as diabetes susceptibility variants through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) modulate changes in phenotypes derived from an IVGTT in response to an endurance training programme. METHODS We analysed eight polymorphisms in seven type 2 diabetes genes (CDKAL1 rs7756992; CDKN2A and CDKN2B rs10811661 and rs564398; HHEX rs7923837; IGF2BP2 rs4402960; KCNJ11 rs5215; PPARG rs1801282; and TCF7L2 rs7903146) in a maximum of 481 sedentary, non-diabetic white individuals, who participated in a 20-week endurance training programme. Associations were tested between the variants and changes in IVGTT-derived phenotypes. RESULTS The only evidence of association with training response was found with PPARG rs1801282 (Pro12Ala). We observed that Ala carriers experienced greater increase in overall glucose tolerance (Deltaglucose disappearance index Ala/Ala 0.22 +/- 0.22, Pro/Ala 0.14 +/- 0.06, Pro/Pro 0.004 +/- 0.03; p = 0.0008), glucose effectiveness (Ala/Ala 0.28 +/- 0.41, Pro/Ala 0.44 +/- 0.14, Pro/Pro 0.09 +/- 0.06; p = 0.004), acute insulin response to glucose (Ala/Ala 64.21 +/- 37.73, Pro/Ala -11.92 +/- 40.30, Pro/Pro -46.30 +/- 14.70; p = 0.03) and disposition index (Ala/Ala 551.8 +/- 448.5, Pro/Ala 534.6 +/- 218.3, Pro/Pro -7.44 +/- 88.18; p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Compared with Pro/Pro individuals, PPARG Ala carriers experienced greater improvements in glucose and insulin metabolism in response to regular endurance training. However, we did not find evidence of association between type 2 diabetes susceptibility variants recently identified through GWAS and glucose homeostasis response to exercise. Our results extend those of previous studies showing that Ala carriers appear to be more responsive to beneficial health effects of lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.-M. Ruchat
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, PEPS - Laval University, 2300 rue de la Terrasse, Quebec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
- Lipid Research Center, CHUL Research Center, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - T. Rankinen
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - S. J. Weisnagel
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, PEPS - Laval University, 2300 rue de la Terrasse, Quebec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
- Lipid Research Center, CHUL Research Center, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - T. Rice
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - D. C. Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - R. N. Bergman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C. Bouchard
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - L. Pérusse
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, PEPS - Laval University, 2300 rue de la Terrasse, Quebec, QC, Canada G1V 0A6
- Lipid Research Center, CHUL Research Center, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods Institute (INAF), Quebec, QC, Canada
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Sun Q, Cornelis MC, Kraft P, Qi L, van Dam RM, Girman CJ, Laurie CC, Mirel DB, Gong H, Sheu CC, Christiani DC, Hunter DJ, Mantzoros CS, Hu FB. Genome-wide association study identifies polymorphisms in LEPR as determinants of plasma soluble leptin receptor levels. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:1846-55. [PMID: 20167575 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) levels were inversely associated with diabetes risk factors, including adiposity and insulin resistance, and highly correlated with the expression levels of leptin receptor, which is ubiquitously expressed in most tissues. We conducted a genome-wide association study of sOB-R in 1504 women of European ancestry from the Nurses' Health Study. The initial scan yielded 26 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with sOB-R levels (P < 5 x 10(-8)); all mapping to the leptin receptor gene (LEPR). Analysis of imputed genotypes on autosomal chromosomes revealed an additional 106 SNPs in and adjacent to this gene that reached genome-wide significance level. Of these 132 SNPs (including two non-synonymous SNPs, rs1137100 and rs1137101), rs2767485, rs1751492 and rs4655555 remained associated with sOB-R levels at the 0.05 level (P = 9.1 x 10(-9), 0.0105 and 0.0267, respectively) after adjustment for other univariately associated SNPs in a forward selection procedure. Significant associations with these SNPs were replicated in an independent sample of young males (n = 875) residing in Cyprus (P < 1 x 10(-4)). These data provide novel evidence revealing the role of polymorphisms in LEPR in modulating plasma levels of sOB-R and may further our understanding of the complex relationships among leptin, leptin receptor and diabetes-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115,USA
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Phillips CM, Goumidi L, Bertrais S, Field MR, Ordovas JM, Cupples LA, Defoort C, Lovegrove JA, Drevon CA, Blaak EE, Gibney MJ, Kiec-Wilk B, Karlstrom B, Lopez-Miranda J, McManus R, Hercberg S, Lairon D, Planells R, Roche HM. Leptin receptor polymorphisms interact with polyunsaturated fatty acids to augment risk of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in adults. J Nutr 2010; 140:238-44. [PMID: 20032477 DOI: 10.3945/jn.109.115329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The leptin receptor (LEPR) is associated with insulin resistance, a key feature of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Gene-fatty acid interactions may affect MetS risk. The objective was to investigate the relationship among LEPR polymorphisms, insulin resistance, and MetS risk and whether plasma fatty acids, a biomarker of dietary fatty acids, modulate this. LEPR polymorphisms (rs10493380, rs1137100, rs1137101, rs12067936, rs1805096, rs2025805, rs3790419, rs3790433, rs6673324, and rs8179183), biochemical measurements, and plasma fatty acid profiles were determined in the LIPGENE-SU.VI.MAX study of MetS cases and matched controls (n = 1754). LEPR rs3790433 GG homozygotes had increased MetS risk compared with the minor A allele carriers [odds ratio (OR) = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.05-2.57; P = 0.028], which may be accounted for by their increased risk of elevated insulin concentrations (OR 2.40; 95% CI: 1.28-4.50; P = 0.006) and insulin resistance (OR = 2.15; 95% CI: 1.18-3.90; P = 0.012). Low (less than median) plasma (n-3) and high (n-6) PUFA status exacerbated the genetic risk conferred by GG homozygosity to hyperinsulinemia (OR 2.92-2.94) and insulin resistance (OR 3.40-3.47). Interestingly, these associations were abolished against a high (n-3) or low (n-6) PUFA background. Importantly, we replicated some of these findings in an independent cohort. Homozygosity for the LEPR rs3790433 G allele was associated with insulin resistance, which may predispose to increased MetS risk. Novel gene-nutrient interactions between LEPR rs3790433 and PUFA suggest that these genetic influences were more evident in individuals with low plasma (n-3) or high plasma (n-6) PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Phillips
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, School of Public Health and Population Science, University College Dublin Conway Institute, University College, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Umabiki M, Tsuzaki K, Kotani K, Nagai N, Sano Y, Matsuoka Y, Kitaoka K, Okami Y, Sakane N, Higashi A. The Improvement of Sweet Taste Sensitivity with Decrease in Serum Leptin Levels During Weight Loss in Obese Females. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2010; 220:267-71. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.220.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mika Umabiki
- Laboratory of Health Science, Food Science and Nutrition Course, Graduate School of Human Environment Science, Kyoto Prefectural University
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center
| | - Kokoro Tsuzaki
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center
| | - Kazuhiko Kotani
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center
| | - Narumi Nagai
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo
| | - Yoshiko Sano
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center
| | - Yukiyo Matsuoka
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center
| | - Kaori Kitaoka
- Laboratory of Health Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University
| | - Yukiko Okami
- Laboratory of Health Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University
| | - Naoki Sakane
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center
| | - Akane Higashi
- Laboratory of Health Science, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University
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Finucane FM, Horton J, Purslow LR, Savage DB, Brage S, Besson H, Horton K, Rolfe EDL, Sleigh A, Sharp SJ, Martin HJ, Sayer AA, Cooper C, Ekelund U, Griffin SJ, Wareham NJ. Randomized controlled trial of the efficacy of aerobic exercise in reducing metabolic risk in healthy older people: The Hertfordshire Physical Activity Trial. BMC Endocr Disord 2009; 9:15. [PMID: 19545359 PMCID: PMC2708167 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6823-9-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Accepted: 06/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While there are compelling observational data confirming that individuals who exercise are healthier, the efficacy of aerobic exercise interventions to reduce metabolic risk and improve insulin sensitivity in older people has not been fully elucidated. Furthermore, while low birth weight has been shown to predict adverse health outcomes later in life, its influence on the response to aerobic exercise is unknown. Our primary objective is to assess the efficacy of a fully supervised twelve week aerobic exercise intervention in reducing clustered metabolic risk in healthy older adults. A secondary objective is to determine the influence of low birth weight on the response to exercise in this group. METHODS/DESIGN We aim to recruit 100 participants born between 1931-1939, from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study and randomly assign them to no intervention or to 36 fully supervised one hour sessions on a cycle ergometer, over twelve weeks. Each participant will undergo detailed anthropometric and metabolic assessment pre- and post-intervention, including muscle biopsy, magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy, objective measurement of physical activity and sub-maximal fitness testing. DISCUSSION Given the extensive phenotypic characterization, this study will provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise as well as the efficacy, feasibility and safety of such interventions in this age group. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials: ISRCTN60986572.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Horton
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lisa R Purslow
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - David B Savage
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hervé Besson
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kenneth Horton
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Alison Sleigh
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen J Sharp
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Epidemiology Resource Centre, Southampton, UK
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon J Griffin
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
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Ruchat SM, Weisnagel JS, Rankinen T, Bouchard C, Vohl MC, Pérusse L. Interaction between HNF4A polymorphisms and physical activity in relation to type 2 diabetes-related traits: results from the Quebec Family Study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2009; 84:211-8. [PMID: 19406499 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2009.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2008] [Revised: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To test for associations between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-related traits and polymorphisms (SNPs) in the hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha gene (HNF4A) in the Quebec Family Study cohort, and determine whether these associations are modulated by physical activity (PA). METHODS Two HNF4A SNPs (rs1885088 G>A; rs745975 C>T), previously reported to be associated with T2DM, were studied in 528 non-diabetic subjects who underwent a 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Glucose, insulin and C-peptide plasma levels, measured in the fasting state and during the OGTT, were used in the analysis. The amount (hours per week) of PA was assessed by questionnaire. RESULTS The HNF4A rs1885088 SNP was not independently associated with T2DM-related traits, whereas the rs745975 was associated with fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and 2-h glucose levels (p<0.05 for all). Genotype by PA interactions were found for glucose homeostasis (p<0.0001) and insulin secretion (p<or=0.03). When subjects were stratified by PA level (according to the median value), we found that high level of PA (>2h/week) was associated with smaller glucose area under the curve (AUC) and 2-h glucose levels in rs1885088 A/A homozygotes and with lower fasting C-peptide and insulin AUC in rs745975 T/T homozygotes. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the associations of HNF4A rs1885088 with glucose tolerance and rs745975 with insulin secretion are modulated by PA. Our finding therefore suggests that the effect of HNF4A polymorphisms on the risk of T2DM is influenced by PA.
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Bray MS, Hagberg JM, Pérusse L, Rankinen T, Roth SM, Wolfarth B, Bouchard C. The human gene map for performance and health-related fitness phenotypes: the 2006-2007 update. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009; 41:35-73. [PMID: 19123262 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3181844179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This update of the human gene map for physical performance and health-related fitness phenotypes covers the research advances reported in 2006 and 2007. The genes and markers with evidence of association or linkage with a performance or a fitness phenotype in sedentary or active people, in responses to acute exercise, or for training-induced adaptations are positioned on the map of all autosomes and sex chromosomes. Negative studies are reviewed, but a gene or a locus must be supported by at least one positive study before being inserted on the map. A brief discussion on the nature of the evidence and on what to look for in assessing human genetic studies of relevance to fitness and performance is offered in the introduction, followed by a review of all studies published in 2006 and 2007. The findings from these new studies are added to the appropriate tables that are designed to serve as the cumulative summary of all publications with positive genetic associations available to date for a given phenotype and study design. The fitness and performance map now includes 214 autosomal gene entries and quantitative trait loci plus seven others on the X chromosome. Moreover, there are 18 mitochondrial genes that have been shown to influence fitness and performance phenotypes. Thus,the map is growing in complexity. Although the map is exhaustive for currently published accounts of genes and exercise associations and linkages, there are undoubtedly many more gene-exercise interaction effects that have not even been considered thus far. Finally, it should be appreciated that most studies reported to date are based on small sample sizes and cannot therefore provide definitive evidence that DNA sequence variants in a given gene are reliably associated with human variation in fitness and performance traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly S Bray
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Inflammatory State and Stress Condition in Weight-lowering Lys109Arg LEPR Gene Polymorphism Carriers. Arch Med Res 2009; 40:306-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2009.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Mizuta E, Kokubo Y, Yamanaka I, Miyamoto Y, Okayama A, Yoshimasa Y, Tomoike H, Morisaki H, Morisaki T. Leptin gene and leptin receptor gene polymorphisms are associated with sweet preference and obesity. Hypertens Res 2008; 31:1069-77. [PMID: 18716353 DOI: 10.1291/hypres.31.1069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is an adipocyte-secreted hormone that regulates food intake and body weight, and that was recently reported to suppress sweet sensitivity in an animal model. We investigated the associations among sweet preference, obesity, and polymorphisms of the leptin gene (LEP) or leptin receptor gene (LEPR). A total of 3,653 residents randomly selected from among the citizens of Suita City, Osaka, Japan were enlisted as subjects, in whom we investigated sweet preference, clinical characteristics, including obesity and serum leptin level, and the polymorphisms of LEP and LEPR (G-2548A and A19G for LEP; R109K, R223Q, and rs3790439 for LEPR). We determined the associations among the parameters using logistic regression analysis, in order to consider potential confounding factors for sweet preference and/or obesity. The LEP A19G and LEPR R109K polymorphisms were associated with sweet preference, whereas the serum leptin level was not. Further, the LEPR 109KK genotype was found to be associated with obesity along with sweet preference. In conclusion, our results are the first to show associations of LEP and LEPR polymorphisms with sweet preference, and may provide useful information for diagnosis and treatment of lifestyle-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einosuke Mizuta
- Department of Bioscience, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
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Koebnick C, Kelly LA, Lane CJ, Roberts CK, Shaibi GQ, Toledo-Corral CM, Davis JN, Weigensberg MJ, Goran MI. Combined association of maternal and paternal family history of diabetes with plasma leptin and adiponectin in overweight Hispanic children. Diabet Med 2008; 25:1043-8. [PMID: 19183309 PMCID: PMC2613241 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02537.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the importance of a maternal and paternal family history of Type 2 diabetes and their combined association with plasma leptin and adiponectin levels in overweight Latino children with a family history of Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS This cross-sectional study investigated the combined association of a maternal and paternal family history of T2DM with leptin and adiponectin in 175 overweight Latino children (age 11.1 +/- 1.7 years). All subjects had a family history of T2DM. Plasma adiponectin and leptin levels, body fat measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, Tanner stage, age and insulin sensitivity were assessed. RESULTS After adjustment for age, gestational diabetes, insulin sensitivity and body fat, a combined maternal and paternal family history of T2DM was associated with higher leptin concentrations (P = 0.004) compared with a maternal or paternal family history alone. This association was most pronounced at Tanner stage 1 (P for interaction family history x tanner stage = 0.022). The presence of a combined maternal and paternal family history of T2DM accounted for 4% (P = 0.003) of the variation in leptin concentrations. No such combined association was observed for adiponectin levels. CONCLUSIONS Maternal and paternal family history of T2DM may have an additive impact on leptin, but not on adiponectin levels independent of adiposity and insulin sensitivity in overweight Latino children. This may contribute to a further clinically relevant deterioration of metabolic health in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Koebnick
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9008, USA
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Han HR, Ryu HJ, Cha HS, Go MJ, Ahn Y, Koo BK, Cho YM, Lee HK, Cho NH, Shin C, Shin HD, Kimm K, Kim HL, Oh B, Park KS. Genetic variations in the leptin and leptin receptor genes are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic traits in the Korean female population. Clin Genet 2008; 74:105-15. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2008.01033.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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de Luis DA, Aller R, Izaola O, Sagrado MG, Conde R. Influence of Lys656Asn polymorphism of leptin receptor gene on leptin response secondary to two hypocaloric diets: a randomized clinical trial. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2008; 52:209-14. [PMID: 18544975 DOI: 10.1159/000138125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2007] [Accepted: 02/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human obesity is characterized by high levels of leptin, and it has been suggested that obese patients may be leptin-resistant. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of Lys656Asn polymorphism in the LEPR gene on leptin response secondary to a low fat versus a low carbohydrate diet in obese patients. DESIGN A population of 78 obesity patients was enrolled. Before and after 2 months of two diets, a nutritional evaluation was performed. RESULTS 52 patients had genotype Lys656/Lys656 (wild group) and 26 patients Lys656/Asn656 or Asn656/Asn656 (mutant group). In the low fat and wild groups, BMI, weight, fat mass, glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, and blood pressure decreased. In mutant type (MT), BMI, weight and fat mass decreased. In wild type (WT) with low carbohydrate diet, BMI, weight, fat mass, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, total cholesterol, and blood pressures decreased. In MT, BMI, weight and fat mass decreased. Only leptin concentrations have a significant decrease in WT with both diets (diet I: 30.3%; p < 0.05) and (diet II: 15.5%; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION In WT patients, the changes in serum leptin concentration due to 2 months' intervention with low fat are higher than with a low carbohydrate diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A de Luis
- Institute of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Medicine School and Unit of Investigation, Hospital Rio Hortega, University of Valladolid, RD056/0013 Valladolid, Spain.
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de Luis DA, Gonzalez Sagrado M, Aller R, Izaola O, Conde R. Influence of Lys656Asn polymorphism of the leptin receptor gene on insulin resistance in nondiabetic obese patients. J Diabetes Complications 2008; 22:199-204. [PMID: 18413223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2006.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2006] [Revised: 10/10/2006] [Accepted: 10/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations of the normal leptin receptor (LEPR) gene may be involved in the development of obesity. Leptin has been shown to be able to modulate insulin secretion. Different polymorphisms in the LEPR gene have been studied, albeit with unclear results. The polymorphism on codon 656 produces a change in charge, making this change possibly functional. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of Lys656Asn polymorphism in the LEPR gene on serum insulin, glucose values, and insulin resistance in the fasted state among obese men and women without diabetes mellitus. DESIGN Two hundred thirty-three (body mass index, >30 kg/m(2)) nondiabetic obese patients were analyzed. Indirect calorimetry, tetrapolar electrical bioimpedance, blood pressure determination, serial assessment of nutritional intake with 3-day written food records, and biochemical analysis were performed. Statistical analysis was performed for Lys656/Asn656 and Asn656/Asn656 jointly as a mutant allelic group and for Lys656/Lys656 as a wild allelic group. RESULTS The subjects' (67 males and 166 females) mean age and mean body mass index were 43.6+/-16.6 years and 35.3+/-5.6 kg/m(2), respectively. One hundred forty-three patients (61.9%) had the genotype Lys656/Lys656 (wild group), whereas 88 (38.1%) had either the genotype Lys656/Asn656 (n=81; 30.7%) or the genotype Asn656/Asn656 (n=7; 7.4%) (mutant group). Age and sex distribution were similar in both groups. No difference was detected between the mutant and wild allelic groups in anthropometric parameters and dietary intakes. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA; 2.8+/-1.7 vs. 5.6+/-4.8; P<.05) and insulin (18.1+/-10.7 vs. 32.1+/-25 mUI/ml; P<.05) levels were higher in males with the genotypes Lys656/Asn656 and Asn656/Asn656 than in males with the genotype Lys656/Lys656. Leptin levels were higher in males with a mutant genotype than in males with a wild genotype (39.3+/-23 vs. 63.5+/-28 ng/ml; P<.05). CONCLUSION The novel findings of our study are those of the association of the Lys656/Asn656 and Asn656/Asn656 genotypes with higher levels of insulin, HOMA, and leptin in males and the lack of such an association in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A de Luis
- Medicine School and Unit of Investigation, Institute of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Rio Hortega, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Kilpeläinen TO, Lakka TA, Laaksonen DE, Mager U, Salopuro T, Kubaszek A, Todorova B, Laukkanen O, Lindström J, Eriksson JG, Hämäläinen H, Aunola S, Ilanne-Parikka P, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Tuomilehto J, Laakso M, Uusitupa M. Interaction of single nucleotide polymorphisms in ADRB2, ADRB3, TNF, IL6, IGF1R, LIPC, LEPR, and GHRL with physical activity on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and changes in characteristics of the metabolic syndrome: The Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study. Metabolism 2008; 57:428-36. [PMID: 18249219 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2007.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Accepted: 10/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ADRB2, ADRB3, TNF, IL6, IGF1R, LIPC, LEPR, and GHRL genes were associated with the conversion from impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS). In this study, we determined whether polymorphisms in these genes modified the effect of changes in physical activity (PA) on the risk of T2D in the DPS. Moreover, we assessed whether the polymorphisms modified the effect of changes in PA on changes in measures of body fat, serum lipids, and blood pressure during the first year of the follow-up of the DPS. Overweight subjects with IGT (n = 487) were followed for an average of 4.1 years, and PA was assessed annually with a questionnaire. The interactions of the polymorphisms with changes in total and moderate-to-vigorous PA on the conversion to T2D during the 4.1-year follow-up were assessed using Cox regression with adjustments for the other components of the intervention (dietary changes, weight reduction). Univariate analysis of variance was used to assess interactions on changes in continuous variables during the first year of the follow-up. No interaction between the polymorphisms and PA on the conversion to T2D was found. The Leu72Met (rs696217) polymorphism in GHRL modified the effect of moderate-to-vigorous PA on changes in weight and waist circumference, the -501A/C (rs26802) polymorphism in GHRL modified the effect of total and moderate-to-vigorous PA on change in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the Lys109Arg (rs1137100) polymorphism in LEPR modified the effect of total PA on change in blood pressure. In conclusion, genetic variation may modify the magnitude of the beneficial effects of PA on characteristics of the metabolic syndrome in persons with IGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas O Kilpeläinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Kuopio, Kuopio 70211, Finland.
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Davidson CM, Northrup H, King TM, Fletcher JM, Townsend I, Tyerman GH, Au KS. Genes in glucose metabolism and association with spina bifida. Reprod Sci 2008; 15:51-8. [PMID: 18212354 DOI: 10.1177/1933719107309590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The authors test single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in coding sequences of 12 candidate genes involved in glucose metabolism and obesity for associations with spina bifida. Genotyping was performed on 507 children with spina bifida and their parents plus anonymous control DNAs from Hispanic and Caucasian individuals. The transmission disequilibrium test was performed to test for genetic associations between transmission of alleles and spina bifida in the offspring (P < .05). A statistically significant association between Lys481 of HK1 (G allele), Arg109Lys of LEPR (G allele), and Pro196 of GLUT1 (A allele) was found ( P = .019, .039, and .040, respectively). Three SNPs on 3 genes involved with glucose metabolism and obesity may be associated with increased susceptibility to spina bifida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Davidson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Liu CL, Chang YC, Cheng SP, Chern SR, Yang TL, Lee JJ, Guo IC, Chen CP. The roles of serum leptin concentration and polymorphism in leptin receptor gene at codon 109 in breast cancer. Oncology 2007; 72:75-81. [PMID: 18004080 DOI: 10.1159/000111097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2007] [Accepted: 06/08/2007] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We investigated the relationship between serum leptin concentrations and polymorphism of the leptin receptor gene and breast cancer. METHODS Serum leptin concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 47 women with invasive breast cancer compared with 41 age-matched controls without cancer. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. Genotyping of the leptin receptor gene at codon 109 (LEPR-109) was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS Patients with breast cancer had a higher mean serum leptin concentration than women in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Among those with breast cancer, the serum leptin concentration was higher in women with high-grade cancers (p = 0.020). The LEPR-109RR genotype was more frequent in premenopausal patients with tumors larger than 2 cm (p = 0.039) and in premenopausal women who were overweight (p = 0.029). Among patients with the LEPR-109RR genotype, higher mean serum leptin concentrations were present in those with triple-negative cancers (p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests an association between serum leptin concentration and tumor progression. LEPR-109 polymorphism in premenopausal women appears to be associated with obesity and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Liang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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41
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Hu G, Lakka TA, Kilpeläinen TO, Tuomilehto J. Epidemiological studies of exercise in diabetes prevention. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2007; 32:583-95. [PMID: 17510700 DOI: 10.1139/h07-030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is one of the fastest growing public health problems in both developed and developing countries. It is estimated that the number of people with diabetes in the world will double in coming years, from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030. Cardiovascular disease accounts for more than 70% of total mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes. The associations of physical activity, physical fitness, and changes in the lifestyle with the risk of type 2 diabetes have been assessed by a number of prospective studies and clinical trials in the past decade. Several studies have also evaluated the joint associations of physical activity, body mass index, and glucose levels with the risk of type 2 diabetes. Prospective studies and clinical trials have shown that moderate or high levels of physical activity or physical fitness and changes in the lifestyle (dietary modification and increase in physical activity) can prevent type 2 diabetes. Our review of the scientific evidence confirms that 30 min/d of moderate- or high-level physical activity is an effective and safe way to prevent type 2 diabetes in all populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Hu
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention, National Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166, FIN-00300 Helsinki, Finland
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Rankinen T, Bray MS, Hagberg JM, Pérusse L, Roth SM, Wolfarth B, Bouchard C. The human gene map for performance and health-related fitness phenotypes: the 2005 update. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007; 38:1863-88. [PMID: 17095919 DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000233789.01164.4f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The current review presents the 2005 update of the human gene map for physical performance and health-related fitness phenotypes. It is based on peer-reviewed papers published by the end of 2005. The genes and markers with evidence of association or linkage with a performance or fitness phenotype in sedentary or active people, in adaptation to acute exercise, or for training-induced changes are positioned on the genetic map of all autosomes and the X chromosome. Negative studies are reviewed, but a gene or locus must be supported by at least one positive study before being inserted on the map. By the end of 2000, in the early version of the gene map, 29 loci were depicted. In contrast, the 2005 human gene map for physical performance and health-related phenotypes includes 165 autosomal gene entries and QTL, plus five others on the X chromosome. Moreover, there are 17 mitochondrial genes in which sequence variants have been shown to influence relevant fitness and performance phenotypes. Thus, the map is growing in complexity. Unfortunately, progress is slow in the field of genetics of fitness and performance, primarily because the number of laboratories and scientists focused on the role of genes and sequence variations in exercise-related traits continues to be quite limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomo Rankinen
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808-4124, USA
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Hu G, Rico-Sanz J, Lakka TA, Tuomilehto J. Exercise, genetics and prevention of type 2 diabetes. Essays Biochem 2006; 42:177-92. [PMID: 17144888 DOI: 10.1042/bse0420177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is one of the fastest growing public health problems in both developed and developing countries. Cardiovascular disease is the most prevalent complication of type 2 diabetes. In the past decade, the associations of physical activity, physical fitness and changes in the lifestyle with the risk of type 2 diabetes have been assessed by a number of prospective studies and clinical trials. A few studies have also evaluated the joint associations of physical activity, body mass index and glucose levels with the risk of type~2 diabetes. The results based on prospective studies and clinical trials have shown that moderate or high levels of physical activity or physical fitness and changes in the lifestyle (dietary modification and increase in physical activity) can prevent type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
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44
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de Luis Roman D, de la Fuente RA, Sagrado MG, Izaola O, Vicente RC. Leptin Receptor Lys656Asn Polymorphism Is Associated with Decreased Leptin Response and Weight Loss Secondary to a Lifestyle Modification in Obese Patients. Arch Med Res 2006; 37:854-9. [PMID: 16971225 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2006.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2006] [Accepted: 03/31/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human obesity is characterized by high levels of leptin, and it has been suggested that obese patients may be leptin resistant. The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of Lys656Asn polymorphism in the leptin receptor gene on leptin response and weight loss secondary to a lifestyle modification (Mediterranean hypocaloric diet and exercise) in obese patients. METHODS A population of 67 obese (body mass index >30) nondiabetic outpatients was analyzed in a prospective way. Before and after 3 months of lifestyle modification program, bipolar electrical bioimpedance, blood pressure, and a serial assessment of nutritional intake with 3 days written food records and biochemical analysis were performed. The lifestyle modification program consisted of a hypocaloric diet (1520 kcal, 52% carbohydrates, 25% lipids and 23% proteins). The exercise program consisted of aerobic exercise for at least three times per week (60 min each). Statistical analysis was performed for the combined Lys656/Asn656 and Asn656/Asn656 as mutant group and type Lys656/Lys 656 as wild-type second group. RESULTS Sixty seven patients gave informed consent and were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 45.7 +/- 16.6 years and the mean BMI 34.1 +/- 5.1, with 18 males (26.9%) and 49 females (73.1%). Thirty six patients (10 males/26 females) (46.8%) had the genotype Lys656/Lys 656 (wild-type group) and 31 patients (8 males/23 females) (46.3%) Lys656/Asn656 (n = 28, 41.8%) or Asn656/Asn656 (n = 3, 4.5%) (mutant group). The percentage of responders (weight loss) was similar in both groups (91.7 vs. 87.1%). In wild-type group (responders and nonresponders), BMI, weight, fat mass, systolic blood pressure and waist circumference decreased. In mutant group, BMI, weight and waist circumference decreased. No differences were detected between basal values in both groups. Only leptin levels decreased significantly in wild-type group (11.5%; p <0.05) (57.3 +/- 31.5 ng/mL vs. 45.8 +/- 29.3 ng/mL; p <0.05). In mutant group, leptin increased without statistical differences (0.44%; ns). CONCLUSIONS Patients with Asn656 allele of LEPR gene have a different response than wild-type patients, and Lys656Lys patients have a significant decrease in weight, BMI, fat mass, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure and leptin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel de Luis Roman
- Institute of Endocrinology and Nutrition, School of Medicine and Unit of Investigation, Hospital Rio Hortega, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
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Obisesan TO, Leeuwenburgh C, Ferrell RE, Phares DA, McKenzie JA, Prior SJ, Hagberg JM. C-reactive protein genotype affects exercise training-induced changes in insulin sensitivity. Metabolism 2006; 55:453-60. [PMID: 16546475 PMCID: PMC2643021 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2005.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2005] [Accepted: 10/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An etiologic role for chronic inflammation in the development of insulin resistance has been hypothesized. We determined whether the -732A/G and +219G/A C-reactive protein (CRP) gene variants affect insulin and glucose measures and whether these variants affect training-related changes in insulin sensitivity and glucose measures. Men and women 50 to 75 years old (n = 61) underwent baseline testing that included glucose tolerance, maximal oxygen consumption, body composition, CRP levels, and genotyping assessments. Tests were repeated after 24 weeks of aerobic exercise training. In bivariate analyses, CRP -732A/G G allele carriers had significantly lower baseline postprandial plasma glucose and after-training CRP levels. After exercise training, the -732A/G G allele carriers had approximately 28% increase in insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and approximately 26% reduction in insulin area under the curve (AUC), compared with the approximately 7% increase in ISI and approximately 15% reduction in insulin AUC in the A allele homozygotes (P = .03). The significant enhancement of ISI in -732A/G G allele carriers remained evident in analyses limited to those with normal glucose tolerance. Multivariate analyses adjusted for demographic and biologic variables confirmed the significant enhancement of training-induced improvement in ISI by the CRP gene variant. In addition, the CRP -732A/G and +219G/A haplotype significantly associated with training-induced improvements in ISI and insulin AUC in separate multivariate models. In conclusion, the CRP -732A/G variant modulates exercise training-related improvements in ISI and glucose AUC, and the haplotype of the CRP -732A/G and +219G/A variants significantly affected training-induced changes in ISI and insulin AUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas O Obisesan
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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Salopuro T, Pulkkinen L, Lindström J, Eriksson JG, Valle TT, Hämäläinen H, Ilanne-Parikka P, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Tuomilehto J, Laakso M, Uusitupa M. Genetic variation in leptin receptor gene is associated with type 2 diabetes and body weight: The Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2006; 29:1245-51. [PMID: 15997246 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic variation in leptin receptor (LEPR) gene has been reported to associate with insulin and glucose metabolism and adiposity in different study settings and various populations. We wanted to evaluate the association between LEPR polymorphisms, diabetes risk and body weight in Finnish subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). METHODS We investigated the associations of the three LEPR polymorphisms (Lys109Arg, Gln223Arg, 3'UTR Del/Ins) with the conversion to type 2 diabetes and the changes in body weight in 507 individuals with IGT participating in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study. Participants were randomized to either an intensive diet and exercise intervention group or a control group. RESULTS After 3 years, the odds ratio for the development of type 2 diabetes in individuals in the control group with the Lys109Lys genotype was 2.38-fold higher than in individuals with other genotype combinations (P=0.016). Irrespective of group individuals with the Gln223Gln genotype had higher conversion to type 2 diabetes (OR 2.01 (95% CI 1.03-3.93)) than the Arg223 allele carriers (P=0.042). The risk was more pronounced in the control group than in the intervention group. Individuals having the 3'UTR Del/Del genotype had a slightly higher body weight throughout the study than those with the insertion allele (P=0.020), although no difference in weight change was observed. CONCLUSION Two polymorphisms (Lys109Arg, Gln223Arg) in the extracellular domain of the leptin receptor predicted the conversion to type 2 diabetes in high-risk individuals with IGT. The Del/Ins polymorphism in the 3'UTR of LEPR was associated with body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Salopuro
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food and Health Research Center, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland.
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Jönsson T, Olsson S, Ahrén B, Bøg-Hansen TC, Dole A, Lindeberg S. Agrarian diet and diseases of affluence--do evolutionary novel dietary lectins cause leptin resistance? BMC Endocr Disord 2005; 5:10. [PMID: 16336696 PMCID: PMC1326203 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6823-5-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2005] [Accepted: 12/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global pattern of varying prevalence of diseases of affluence, such as obesity, cardiovascular disease and diabetes, suggests that some environmental factor specific to agrarian societies could initiate these diseases. PRESENTATION OF THE HYPOTHESIS We propose that a cereal-based diet could be such an environmental factor. Through previous studies in archaeology and molecular evolution we conclude that humans and the human leptin system are not specifically adapted to a cereal-based diet, and that leptin resistance associated with diseases of affluence could be a sign of insufficient adaptation to such a diet. We further propose lectins as a cereal constituent with sufficient properties to cause leptin resistance, either through effects on metabolism central to the proper functions of the leptin system, and/or directly through binding to human leptin or human leptin receptor, thereby affecting the function. TESTING THE HYPOTHESIS Dietary interventions should compare effects of agrarian and non-agrarian diets on incidence of diseases of affluence, related risk factors and leptin resistance. A non-significant (p = 0.10) increase of cardiovascular mortality was noted in patients advised to eat more whole-grain cereals. Our lab conducted a study on 24 domestic pigs in which a cereal-free hunter-gatherer diet promoted significantly higher insulin sensitivity, lower diastolic blood pressure and lower C-reactive protein as compared to a cereal-based swine feed. Testing should also evaluate the effects of grass lectins on the leptin system in vivo by diet interventions, and in vitro in various leptin and leptin receptor models. Our group currently conducts such studies. IMPLICATIONS OF THE HYPOTHESIS If an agrarian diet initiates diseases of affluence it should be possible to identify the responsible constituents and modify or remove them so as to make an agrarian diet healthier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Jönsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan Olsson
- Department of Ecology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Ahrén
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Anita Dole
- Institute of Molecular Pathology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Lakka TA, Lakka HM, Rankinen T, Leon AS, Rao DC, Skinner JS, Wilmore JH, Bouchard C. Effect of exercise training on plasma levels of C-reactive protein in healthy adults: the HERITAGE Family Study. Eur Heart J 2005; 26:2018-25. [PMID: 15987707 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehi394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To study the effect of exercise training on plasma C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a 20 week standardized exercise training programme in 652 sedentary healthy white and black men and women. C-reactive protein was measured with a high sensitivity assay. The study sample was stratified according to baseline C-reactive protein levels using a recommended classification (low <1.0 mg/L, n=265; moderate 1.0-3.0 mg/L, n=225; high >3.0 mg/L, n=162). The median C-reactive protein reduction was 1.34 mg/L in the high baseline C-reactive protein group. C-reactive protein levels did not change in the low or moderate baseline C-reactive protein groups. The difference among the C-reactive protein groups was significant adjusting for all correlates of baseline C-reactive protein (P<0.001) and additionally for changes in body weight, glucose, insulin, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and maximal oxygen uptake (P<0.001). The C-reactive protein reduction in the high baseline C-reactive protein group was consistent across all population groups (P<0.001 for difference among baseline C-reactive protein groups). CONCLUSION Plasma C-reactive protein levels are reduced in response to exercise training in sedentary healthy adults with high initial C-reactive protein levels. This finding may partly explain the effectiveness of regular physical activity in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo A Lakka
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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Ning Y, Williams MA, Butler CL, Muy-Rivera M, Frederick IO, Sorensen TK. Maternal recreational physical activity is associated with plasma leptin concentrations in early pregnancy. Hum Reprod 2005; 20:382-9. [PMID: 15576385 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deh615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A limited amount of literature suggests that plasma leptin concentrations are reduced with habitual physical activity in men and non-pregnant women. We investigated the relationship between maternal physical activity and plasma leptin during early pregnancy. METHODS The study population included 879 normotensive, non-diabetic pregnant women who reported physical activity type, frequency, and duration in early pregnancy. Plasma leptin, measured in blood samples collected <16 weeks gestation, were determined using enzyme immunoassays. Weekly duration (h/week) and energy expended on recreational physical activity [metabolic equivalent score (MET)-h/week] were categorized by tertiles among active women. Physical activity intensity was categorized as none, moderate (<6 MET) and vigorous (> or =6 MET). Differences in leptin concentrations across categories were estimated using linear regression procedures. RESULTS Mean leptin was 5.8 ng/ml lower among active versus inactive women (P=0.001). Mean leptin was lower among women in the highest levels (>12.8 h/week) of time performing physical activity (-8.1 ng/ml, P<0.001) and energy expenditure (>70.4 MET-h/week) (-8.3 ng/ml, P=0.001) compared with inactive women. Leptin was inversely associated with the intensity of physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are consistent with other reports suggesting an independent inverse relationship between habitual physical activity and leptin concentrations. Our findings extend the literature to include pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ning
- Center for Perinatal Studies, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98122, USA
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van der Lende T, Te Pas MFW, Veerkamp RF, Liefers SC. Leptin Gene Polymorphisms and Their Phenotypic Associations. VITAMINS & HORMONES 2005; 71:373-404. [PMID: 16112275 DOI: 10.1016/s0083-6729(05)71013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In an era of rapidly increasing prevalence of human obesity and associated health problems, leptin gene polymorphisms have drawn much attention in biomedical research. Leptin gene polymorphisms have furthermore drawn much attention from animal scientists for their possible roles in economically important production and reproduction traits. Of the polymorphisms reported for exonic, intronic, and promoter regions of the leptin gene, 16 have been included in association studies in humans, 19 in cattle, and 6 (all exonic or intronic) in pigs. In humans, associations have been found with overweight or (early-onset) obesity, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, prostate cancer, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In cattle, associations have been found with feed intake, milk yield traits, carcass traits, and reproduction-related traits, and in pigs with feed intake, average daily gain, carcass traits (backfat/leanness), and reproduction performance traits. Many of the polymorphisms were only included in a limited number of association studies, or the phenotypes studied varied largely for a given polymorphism between studies. Therefore, many of the associations found for these polymorphisms need to be confirmed in future studies before firm conclusions can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- T van der Lende
- Division of Animal Resources Development, Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen UR, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands
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