1
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Xiao Liang K. Interplay of mitochondria and diabetes: Unveiling novel therapeutic strategies. Mitochondrion 2024; 75:101850. [PMID: 38331015 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The interplay between mitochondrial function and diabetes has gained significant attention due to its crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease. Mitochondria, known as the cellular powerhouses, are essential for glucose metabolism. Dysfunction of these organelles has been implicated in the development of insulin resistance and beta-cell failure, both prominent features of diabetes. This comprehensive review explores the intricate mechanisms involved, including the generation of reactive oxygen species and the impact of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. Moreover, the review delves into emerging therapeutic strategies that specifically target mitochondria, such as mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, agents promoting mitochondrial biogenesis, and compounds modulating mitochondrial dynamics. The potential of these novel approaches is critically evaluated, taking into account their benefits and limitations, to provide a well-rounded perspective. Ultimately, this review emphasizes the importance of advancing our understanding of mitochondrial biology to revolutionize the treatment of diabetes.
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2
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Khan AR, Alnoud MAH, Ali H, Ali I, Ahmad S, Ul Hassan SS, Shaikh AL, Hussain T, Khan MU, Khan SU, Khan MS, Khan SU. Beyond the beat: A pioneering investigation into exercise modalities for alleviating diabetic cardiomyopathy and enhancing cardiac health. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102222. [PMID: 38000567 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Patients with preexisting cardiovascular disease or those at high risk for developing the condition are often offered exercise as a form of therapy. Patients with cancer who are at an increased risk for cardiovascular issues are increasingly encouraged to participate in exercise-based, interdisciplinary programs due to the positive correlation between these interventions and clinical outcomes following myocardial infarction. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) is a cardiac disorder that arises due to disruptions in the homeostasis of individuals with diabetes. One of the primary reasons for mortality in individuals with diabetes is the presence of cardiac structural damage and functional abnormalities, which are the primary pathological features of DC. The aetiology of dilated cardiomyopathy is multifaceted and encompasses a range of processes, including metabolic abnormalities, impaired mitochondrial function, dysregulation of calcium ion homeostasis, excessive cardiomyocyte death, and fibrosis. In recent years, many empirical investigations have demonstrated that exercise training substantially impacts the prevention and management of diabetes. Exercise has been found to positively impact the recovery of diabetes and improve several metabolic problem characteristics associated with DC. One potential benefit of exercise is its ability to increase systolic activity, which can enhance cardiometabolic and facilitate the repair of structural damage to the heart caused by DC, leading to a direct improvement in cardiac health. In contrast, exercise has the potential to indirectly mitigate the pathological progression of DC through its ability to decrease circulating levels of sugar and fat while concurrently enhancing insulin sensitivity. A more comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanism via exercise facilitates the restoration of DC disease must be understood. Our goal in this review was to provide helpful information and clues for developing new therapeutic techniques for motion alleviation DC by examining the molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Riaz Khan
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Mohammed A H Alnoud
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Hamid Ali
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road Tarlai Kalan, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Ijaz Ali
- Centre for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Hawally 32093, Kuwait
| | - Saleem Ahmad
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans 70112 LA, USA
| | - Syed Shams Ul Hassan
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310002, China
| | | | - Talib Hussain
- Women Dental College Abbottabad, KPK, 22020, Pakistan
| | - Munir Ullah Khan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Safir Ullah Khan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Muhammad Shehzad Khan
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Shatin city, (HKSAR), Hong Kong
| | - Shahid Ullah Khan
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Department of Biochemistry, Women Medical and Dental College, Khyber Medical University, Abbottabad, 22080, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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3
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Hall LG, Thyfault JP, Johnson JD. Exercise and inactivity as modifiers of β cell function and type 2 diabetes risk. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:823-839. [PMID: 36759159 PMCID: PMC10042613 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00472.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise and regular physical activity are beneficial for the prevention and management of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, whereas exercise cessation, defined as deconditioning from regular exercise or physical activity that has lasted for a period of months to years, can lead to metabolic derangements that drive disease. Adaptations to the insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells are an important benefit of exercise, whereas less is known about how exercise cessation affects these cells. Our aim is to review the impact that exercise and exercise cessation have on β-cell function, with a focus on the evidence from studies examining glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) using gold-standard techniques. Potential mechanisms by which the β-cell adapts to exercise, including exerkine and incretin signaling, autonomic nervous system signaling, and changes in insulin clearance, will also be explored. We will highlight areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam G Hall
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- KU Diabetes Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - James D Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Tukhovskaya EA, Shaykhutdinova ER, Pakhomova IA, Slashcheva GA, Goryacheva NA, Sadovnikova ES, Rasskazova EA, Kazakov VA, Dyachenko IA, Frolova AA, Brovkin AN, Kaluzhsky VE, Beburov MY, Murashev AN. AICAR Improves Outcomes of Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Induced by High-Fat Diet in C57Bl/6 Male Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415719. [PMID: 36555360 PMCID: PMC9778872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of AMP-activated protein kinase activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) on the consequences of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes induced by the consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) in male C57Bl/6 mice. Additionally, the animals from group 6 were administered Methotrexate (MTX) at a dose of 1 mg/kg in parallel with AICAR, which slows down the metabolism of AICAR. The animals were recorded with signs of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus by recording their body weights, glucose and insulin levels, and the calculating HOMA-IRs. At the end of the study, at the end of the 13th week, during necropsy, the internal organs were assessed, the masses of the organs were recorded, and special attention was paid to visceral fat, assessing its amount and the mass of the fat surrounding epididymis. The biochemical parameters and histology of the internal organs and tissues were assessed. The animals showed signs of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, namely, weight gain, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, an increase in the amount and mass of abdominal fat, and metabolic disorders, all expressed in a pathological change in biochemical parameters and pathological changes in internal organs. The AICAR treatment led to a decrease in body weight, a decrease in the amount and mass of abdominal fat, and an improvement in the pathomorphological picture of internal organs. However, some hepatotoxic effects were observed when the animals, on a received standard diet (STD), were treated with AICAR starting from the first day of the study. The additional administration of MTX, an AICAR metabolic inhibitor, did not improve its efficacy. Thus, AICAR has therapeutic potential for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A. Tukhovskaya
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 6, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Elvira R. Shaykhutdinova
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 6, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina A. Pakhomova
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 6, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gulsara A. Slashcheva
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 6, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya A. Goryacheva
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 6, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena S. Sadovnikova
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 6, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A. Rasskazova
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 6, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaly A. Kazakov
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 6, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor A. Dyachenko
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 6, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina A. Frolova
- LLC “OKA-BIOTECH”, Novatorov St., d. 34, bldg. 7, apt. 42, 119421 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey N. Brovkin
- LLC “OKA-BIOTECH”, Novatorov St., d. 34, bldg. 7, apt. 42, 119421 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasiliy E. Kaluzhsky
- LLC “OKA-BIOTECH”, Novatorov St., d. 34, bldg. 7, apt. 42, 119421 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Yu. Beburov
- LLC “OKA-BIOTECH”, Novatorov St., d. 34, bldg. 7, apt. 42, 119421 Moscow, Russia
| | - Arkady N. Murashev
- Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Nauki, 6, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia
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5
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Zhang S, Wei Y, Wang C. Impacts of an Exercise Intervention on the Health of Pancreatic Beta-Cells: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127229. [PMID: 35742478 PMCID: PMC9223540 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing consensus that exercise is a medicine and that regular exercise can effectively improve and prevent metabolic diseases such as diabetes. Islet cells are the endocrine of the pancreas and vital to the development of diabetes. Decades of developmental research in exercise intervention and the health of islet cells confirmed that exercise exerts beneficial effects on the function, proliferation, and survival rate of islet cells. However, the precise exercise reference scheme is still elusive. To accomplish this goal, we searched and analyzed relevant articles, and concluded the precise exercise prescription treatments for various species such as humans, rats, and mice. Each exercise protocol is shown in the tables below. These exercise protocols form a rich pipeline of therapeutic development for exercise on the health of islet cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- Department of Sports Science, University of Harbin Sport, Harbin 150008, China; (S.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Shanghai Sport, Shanghai 200238, China
| | - Yaru Wei
- Department of Sports Science, University of Harbin Sport, Harbin 150008, China; (S.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- Department of Sports Science, University of Harbin Sport, Harbin 150008, China; (S.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Morán-Costoya A, Proenza AM, Gianotti M, Lladó I, Valle A. Sex Differences in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Estrogen Influence on the Liver-Adipose Tissue Crosstalk. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:753-774. [PMID: 33736456 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a hepatic and systemic disorder with a complex multifactorial pathogenesis. Owing to the rising incidence of obesity and diabetes mellitus, the prevalence of NAFLD and its impact on global health care are expected to increase in the future. Differences in NAFLD exist between males and females, and among females depending on their reproductive status. Clinical and preclinical data show that females in the fertile age are more protected against NAFLD, and studies in postmenopausal women and ovariectomized animal models support a protective role for estrogens. Recent Advances: An efficient crosstalk between the liver and adipose tissue is necessary to regulate lipid and glucose metabolism, protecting the liver from steatosis and insulin resistance contributing to NALFD. New advances in the knowledge of sexual dimorphism in liver and adipose tissue are providing interesting clues about the sex differences in NAFLD pathogenesis that could inspire new therapeutic strategies. Critical Issues: Sex hormones influence key master regulators of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in liver and adipose tissue. All these sex-biased metabolic adjustments shape the crosstalk between liver and adipose tissue, contributing to the higher protection of females to NAFLD. Future Directions: The development of novel drugs based on the protective action of estrogens, but without its feminizing or undesired side effects, might provide new therapeutic strategies for the management of NAFLD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 753-774.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Morán-Costoya
- Energy Metabolism and Nutrition Group, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
| | - Ana M Proenza
- Energy Metabolism and Nutrition Group, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research in the Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition Network, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Magdalena Gianotti
- Energy Metabolism and Nutrition Group, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research in the Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition Network, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Lladó
- Energy Metabolism and Nutrition Group, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research in the Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition Network, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adamo Valle
- Energy Metabolism and Nutrition Group, Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.,Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research in the Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition Network, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Višnjić D, Lalić H, Dembitz V, Tomić B, Smoljo T. AICAr, a Widely Used AMPK Activator with Important AMPK-Independent Effects: A Systematic Review. Cells 2021. [PMID: 34064363 DOI: 10.3390/cellsl0051095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAr) has been one of the most commonly used pharmacological modulators of AMPK activity. The majority of early studies on the role of AMPK, both in the physiological regulation of metabolism and in cancer pathogenesis, were based solely on the use of AICAr as an AMPK-activator. Even with more complex models of AMPK downregulation and knockout being introduced, AICAr remained a regular starting point for many studies focusing on AMPK biology. However, there is an increasing number of studies showing that numerous AICAr effects, previously attributed to AMPK activation, are in fact AMPK-independent. This review aims to give an overview of the present knowledge on AMPK-dependent and AMPK-independent effects of AICAr on metabolism, hypoxia, exercise, nucleotide synthesis, and cancer, calling for caution in the interpretation of AICAr-based studies in the context of understanding AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Višnjić
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Physiology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Lalić
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Physiology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vilma Dembitz
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Physiology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Barbara Tomić
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Physiology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Smoljo
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Physiology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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8
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AICAr, a Widely Used AMPK Activator with Important AMPK-Independent Effects: A Systematic Review. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051095. [PMID: 34064363 PMCID: PMC8147799 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAr) has been one of the most commonly used pharmacological modulators of AMPK activity. The majority of early studies on the role of AMPK, both in the physiological regulation of metabolism and in cancer pathogenesis, were based solely on the use of AICAr as an AMPK-activator. Even with more complex models of AMPK downregulation and knockout being introduced, AICAr remained a regular starting point for many studies focusing on AMPK biology. However, there is an increasing number of studies showing that numerous AICAr effects, previously attributed to AMPK activation, are in fact AMPK-independent. This review aims to give an overview of the present knowledge on AMPK-dependent and AMPK-independent effects of AICAr on metabolism, hypoxia, exercise, nucleotide synthesis, and cancer, calling for caution in the interpretation of AICAr-based studies in the context of understanding AMPK signaling pathway.
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9
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Morifuji T, Tanaka M, Nakanishi R, Hirabayashi T, Kondo H, Fujino H. Preventive effects of low-intensity endurance exercise for severe hyperglycemia-induced capillary regression in non-obese type 2 diabetes rat skeletal muscle. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14712. [PMID: 33463898 PMCID: PMC7814498 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although endurance exercise is effective for reducing diabetes‐related capillary regression, it is difficult to prescribe high‐intensity endurance exercise due to the potential worsening of complications in patients with severe hyperglycemia. Therefore, this study aimed to examine whether chronic low‐intensity exercise training may prevent severe hyperglycemia‐induced capillary regression of skeletal muscle in non‐obese type 2 diabetes. Non‐diabetic Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to a control (Con) group and an exercise (Ex) group. Likewise, spontaneously diabetic Torii rats were assigned to a diabetic sedentary (DM) group or a diabetic exercise (DMEx) group. Rats in the Ex and DMEx groups were placed on a motor‐driven treadmill running at low speed (15 m/min) for 60 min/day, 5 days/week, for 14 weeks. Serum glucose levels were significantly increased in the DM group, but not in the DMEx group. Although the capillary‐to‐fiber ratio in the plantaris muscle was significantly lower in the DM group compared to the control group, the ratio in the DMEx group was significantly higher compared to the DM group. Moreover, the succinate dehydrogenase activity and expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ coactivator‐1α (PGC‐1α) were reduced in the plantaris muscle of the DM group. However, those in the DMEx group were significantly higher than those in the DM group. These results indicate that low‐intensity chronic endurance exercise training has the potential to prevent the progression of capillary regression in the skeletal muscles of non‐obese type 2 diabetes patients with severe hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Morifuji
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Josai International University, Tougane, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanaka
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Health Science University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nakanishi
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kobe international University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takumi Hirabayashi
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Kondo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nagoya Women's University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidemi Fujino
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
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10
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Mitochondria and Neurodegenerative Diseases. SYSTEMS MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.11474-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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11
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Xu W, Zhao T, Xiao H. The Implication of Oxidative Stress and AMPK-Nrf2 Antioxidative Signaling in Pneumonia Pathogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:400. [PMID: 32625169 PMCID: PMC7311749 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely recognized that chemical, physical, and biological factors can singly or synergistically evoke the excessive production of oxidative stress in pulmonary tissue that followed by pulmonary lesions and pneumonia. In addition, metabolic and endocrine disorder-induced diseases such as diabetes and obesity often expressed higher susceptibility to pulmonary infections, and presented severe symptoms which increasing the mortality rate. Therefore, the connection between the lesion of the lungs and the metabolic/endocrine disorders is an interesting and essential issue to be addressed. Studies have noticed a similar pathological feature in both infectious pneumonia and metabolic disease-intercurrent pulmonary lesions, that is, from the view of molecular pathology, the accumulation of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in pulmonary tissue accompanying with activated pro-inflammatory signals. Meanwhile, Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling plays important role in metabolic/endocrine homeostasis and infection response, and it's closely associated with the anti-oxidative capacity of the body. For this reason, this review will start from the summary upon the implication of ROS accumulation, and to discuss how AMPK-Nrf2 signaling contributes to maintaining the metabolic/endocrine homeostasis and attenuates the susceptibility of pulmonary infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hengyi Xiao
- Lab for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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12
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Curran M, Drayson MT, Andrews RC, Zoppi C, Barlow JP, Solomon TPJ, Narendran P. The benefits of physical exercise for the health of the pancreatic β-cell: a review of the evidence. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:579-589. [PMID: 32012372 DOI: 10.1113/ep088220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? This review discusses the evidence of the benefits of exercise training for β-cell health through improvements in function, proliferation and survival which may have implications in the treatment of diabetes. What advances does it highlight? This review highlights how exercise may modulate β-cell health in the context of diabetes and highlights the need for further exploration of whether β-cell preserving effects of exercise translates to T1D. ABSTRACT Physical exercise is a core therapy for type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Whilst the benefits of exercise for different physiological systems are recognised, the effect of exercise specifically on the pancreatic β-cell is not well described. Here we review the effects of physical exercise on β-cell health. We show that exercise improves β-cell mass and function. The improved function manifests primarily through the increased insulin content of the β-cell and its increased ability to secrete insulin in response to a glucose stimulus. We review the evidence relating to glucose sensing, insulin signalling, β-cell proliferation and β-cell apoptosis in humans and animal models with acute exercise and following exercise training programmes. Some of the mechanisms through which these benefits manifest are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Curran
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Functional and Mechanistic Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark T Drayson
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Claudio Zoppi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jonathan P Barlow
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Thomas P J Solomon
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Parth Narendran
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Diabetes, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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Pan K, Jiang S, Du X, Zeng X, Zhang J, Song L, Zhou J, Kan H, Sun Q, Xie Y, Zhao J. AMPK activation attenuates inflammatory response to reduce ambient PM 2.5-induced metabolic disorders in healthy and diabetic mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 179:290-300. [PMID: 31071567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental studies have indicated that ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is associated with the occurrence and development of metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the mechanism is not clear yet, and there are few studies to explore the possible prevention measure. In this study, C57BL/6 and db/db mice were exposed to concentrated PM2.5 or filtered air using Shanghai Meteorological and Environmental Animal Exposure System (Shanghai-METAS) for 12 weeks. From week 11, some of the mice were assigned to receive a subcutaneous injection of AMPK activator (AICAR). Lipid metabolism, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and energy homeostasis were measured. Meanwhile, the respiratory, systemic and visceral fat inflammatory response was detected. The results showed that PM2.5 exposure induced the impairments of glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, lipid metabolism disorders and disturbances of energy metabolism in both C57BL/6 and db/db mice. These impairments might be consistent with the increased respiratory, circulating and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) inflammatory response, which was characterized by the release of IL-6 and TNF-α in lung, serum and VAT. More importantly, AICAR administration led to the significant enhancement of energy metabolism, elevation of AMPK as well as the decreased IL-6 and TNF-α in VAT of PM2.5-exposed mice, which suggesting that AMPK activation might attenuate the inflammatory responses in VAT via the inhibition of MAPKs and NFκB. The study indicated that exposure to ambient PM2.5 under the concentration which is often seen in some developing countries could induce the occurrence of metabolic disorders in normal healthy mice and exacerbate metabolic disorders in diabetic mice. The adverse impacts of PM2.5 on insulin sensitivity, energy homeostasis, lipid metabolism and inflammatory response were associated with AMPK inhibition. AMPK activation might inhibit PM2.5-induced metabolic disorders via inhibition of inflammatory cytokines release. These findings suggested that AMPK activation is a potential therapy to prevent some of the metabolic disorders attributable to air pollution exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Pan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Jiang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xihao Du
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejiao Zeng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liying Song
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghua Sun
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yuquan Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Jinzhuo Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai, China.
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Seelig E, Trinh B, Hanssen H, Schmid‐Trucksäss A, Ellingsgaard H, Christ‐Crain M, Donath MY. Exercise and the dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitor sitagliptin do not improve beta-cell function and glucose homeostasis in long-lasting type 1 diabetes-A randomised open-label study. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2019; 2:e00075. [PMID: 31294088 PMCID: PMC6613228 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence points to beta-cell regeneration in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (type 1 DM) at all stages of the disease. Exercise and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) independently improve beta-cell function and glucose homeostasis in animal studies and in clinical trials in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM). Whether a combination of both, exercise and GLP-1, induces a similar effect in individuals with long-lasting type 1 DM remains to be investigated. METHODS In an open-label study, participants with long-standing type 1 DM were randomly assigned to oral sitagliptin 100 mg daily for 12 weeks in combination with or without an exercise intervention. The primary end-point was change in the area under the concentration-time curve of C-peptide during a mixed meal tolerance test before and after 12 weeks of intervention. RESULTS A total of 24 participants were included in the study and treated with sitagliptin, 12 participants were allocated to a 12-week exercise intervention. After 12 weeks, there was no difference in the change of AUC C-peptide between groups (exercise: 0 [-1424 to 1870], no exercise: 2091 [283-17 434]; P = 0.09). HDL improved in the exercise intervention group compared to the group with sitagliptin only (exercise: 0.11 [-0.09 to 0.27]; no exercise: -0.18 [-0.24 to 0.01]; P = 0.04). AUC glucose was numerically slightly lower in the exercise intervention group but this did not translate into changes in HbA1c. CONCLUSION The combination of exercise and sitagliptin had no effect on beta-cell function in individuals with long-lasting type 1 DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Seelig
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust‐Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic ScienceAddenbrooke's HospitalCambridgeUK
| | - Beckey Trinh
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Henner Hanssen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health SciencesUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Arno Schmid‐Trucksäss
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Exercise and Health SciencesUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Helga Ellingsgaard
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and the Centre for Physical Activity Research, RigshospitaletUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Mirjam Christ‐Crain
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Marc Y. Donath
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and MetabolismUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
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15
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Li Q, Jia S, Xu L, Li B, Chen N. Metformin-induced autophagy and irisin improves INS-1 cell function and survival in high-glucose environment via AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signal pathway. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:1695-1703. [PMID: 31139382 PMCID: PMC6526663 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to explore the protective function of metformin on pancreatic β cells to alleviate insulin resistance and underlying mechanisms, INS-1 cells were cultured into normal control (N), high glucose (H), high glucose and metformin (H + Met), high glucose and chloroquine (H + CQ), and high glucose and Ex527 (H + Ex527) groups, respectively. Upon 24-hr cultivation, the proliferation and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) of INS-1 cells were determined, and the expression of irisin and other proteins associated with AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signal pathway, autophagy, and apoptosis was evaluated. Compared with the N group, the cells from the H group revealed lower proliferation, GSIS, and expression of irisin and proteins associated with AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signal pathway and autophagy, but higher expression of proteins associated with apoptosis; in contrast, metformin could significantly rescue lower cell proliferation, GSIS, and expression of proteins associated with AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signal pathway and autophagy, as well as irisin, and suppress apoptosis in high-glucose environment. Meanwhile, autophagy inhibitor CQ and SIRT1 inhibitor Ex527 can block above functions of metformin. Therefore, metformin can promote INS-1 cell proliferation, enhance GSIS, and suppress apoptosis by activating AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signal pathway, up-regulating irisin expression, and inducing autophagy in INS-1 cells in high-glucose environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxue Li
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Sport Training and Monitoring, College of Health ScienceWuhan Sports UniversityWuhanChina
- School of Sports and HealthLinyi UniversityLinyiChina
| | - Shaohui Jia
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Sport Training and Monitoring, College of Health ScienceWuhan Sports UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Lei Xu
- Graduate SchoolWuhan Sports UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Biao Li
- Graduate SchoolWuhan Sports UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ning Chen
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Sport Training and Monitoring, College of Health ScienceWuhan Sports UniversityWuhanChina
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16
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Abstract
The congenital myopathies are a genetically heterogeneous and diverse group of early-onset, nondystrophic neuromuscular disorders. While the originally reported "classical" entities within this group - Central Core Disease, Multiminicore Disease, Nemaline Myopathy, and Centronuclear Myopathy - were defined by the predominant finding on muscle biopsy, "novel" forms with multiple, subtle, and unusual histopathologic features have been described more recently, reflective of an expanding phenotypical spectrum. The main disease mechanisms concern excitation-contraction coupling, intracellular calcium homeostasis, and thin/thick filament interactions. Management to date has been mainly supportive. Therapeutic strategies currently at various stages of exploration include genetic interventions aimed at direct correction of the underlying genetic defect, enzyme replacement therapy, and pharmacologic approaches, either specifically targeting the principal effect of the underlying gene mutation, or addressing its downstream consequences more generally. Clinical trial development is accelerating but will require more robust natural history data and tailored outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Jungbluth
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Service, Evelina's Children Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Randall Division for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signalling Section, London, United Kingdom; Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, IoPPN, King's College, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
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17
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Lu JY, Peng JH, Ma XJ, Zhang YN, Zhu W, He XX, Ying LW, Bao YQ, Zhou J, Jia WP. Metabolic perturbations of post-load hyperglycemia vs. fasting hyperglycemia. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:216-221. [PMID: 29773885 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that post-load/post-meal hyperglycemia is a stronger risk factor for cardiovascular disease than fasting hyperglycemia. The underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. The current study aimed to compare the metabolic profiles of post-load hyperglycemia and fasting hyperglycemia. All subjects received an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and were stratified into fasting hyperglycemia (FH) or post-load hyperglycemia (PH). Forty-six (FH, n = 23; PH, n = 23) and 40 patients (FH, n = 20; PH, n = 20) were recruited as the exploratory and the validation set, respectively, and underwent metabolic profiling. Eighty-seven subjects including normal controls (NC: n = 36; FH: n = 22; PH: n = 29) were additionally enrolled and assayed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In the exploratory set, 10 metabolites were selected as differential metabolites of PH (vs. FH). Of them, mannose and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) were confirmed in the validation set to be significantly higher in FH than in PH. In the 87 subjects measured with ELISA, FH had numerically higher mannose (466.0 ± 179.3 vs. 390.1 ± 140.2 pg/ml) and AICAR (523.5 ± 164.8 vs. 512.1 ± 186.0 pg/ml) than did PH. In the pooled dataset comprising 173 subjects, mannose was independently associated with FPG (β = 0.151, P = 0.035) and HOMA-IR (β = 0.160, P = 0.026), respectively. The associations of AICAR with biochemical parameters did not reach statistical significance. FH and PH exhibited distinct metabolic profiles. The perturbation of mannose may be involved in the pathophysiologic disturbances in diabetes.
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18
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Probing the Effect of Physiological Concentrations of IL-6 on Insulin Secretion by INS-1 832/3 Insulinoma Cells under Diabetic-Like Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071924. [PMID: 29966345 PMCID: PMC6073900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise improves insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells (β-cells) in patients with type 2 diabetes, but molecular mechanisms of this effect are yet to be determined. Given that contracting skeletal muscle causes a spike in circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels during exercise, muscle-derived IL-6 is a possible endocrine signal associated with skeletal muscle to β-cell crosstalk. Evidence to support a role of IL-6 in regulating the health and function of β-cells is currently inconsistent and studies investigating the role of IL-6 on the function of β-cells exposed to type 2 diabetic-like conditions are limited and often confounded by supraphysiological IL-6 concentrations. The purpose of this study is to explore the extent by which an exercise-relevant concentration of IL-6 influences the function of pancreatic β-cells exposed to type 2 diabetic-like conditions. Using insulin-secreting INS-1 832/3 cells as an experimental β-cell model, we show that 1-h IL-6 (10 pg/mL) has no effect on insulin secretion under normal conditions and does not restore the loss of insulin secretion caused by elevated glucose ± palmitate or IL-1β. Moreover, treatment of INS-1 832/3 cells to medium collected from C2C12 myotubes conditioned with electrical pulse stimulation does not alter insulin secretion despite significant increases in IL-6. Since insulin secretory defects caused by diabetic-like conditions are neither improved nor worsened by exposure to physiological IL-6 levels, we conclude that the beneficial effect of exercise on β-cell function is unlikely to be driven by muscle-derived IL-6.
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19
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Stefani L, Sofi F, Magro S, Mascherini G, Petri C, Galanti G. Exercise and Cancer Survivors: Lessons Learned from a Multi-Faceted Model for Exercise Prescription. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2018; 3:jfmk3030038. [PMID: 33466967 PMCID: PMC7739294 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk3030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death, and the most common diagnosis among the general population is breast and colon cancer. Recently, an increasing number of new cases of invasive breast and colon cancer have been estimated, and more people die from these diseases. In addition to the genetic pattern, diet and lifestyle including smoking, alcohol consumption, and sedentary behaviour have also been identified as potential risks factors. Recent studies of cancer survivors have shown the beneficial effects of regular physical activity to reduce the prevalence of comorbidity, muscle atrophy, weight changes, reduced aerobic capacity, fatigue, depression, and reduced quality of life. Dedicated and individual programs are crucial for achieving the goals of improving quality of life and reducing comorbidities. A multidisciplinary approach is fundamental: lifestyle assessment, including estimating the level of physical activity, as well as nutritional habits, may be the first step. A periodic cardiovascular examination is crucial for detecting asymptomatic early myocardial failure. According to current ACSM guidelines, different levels of exercise (low-moderate 40% and moderate up to 60% of the maximal HR) may be prescribed, and patients enrolled may follow the exercise program if in the absence of contraindications. The current paper reports observations from our clinical practice and provides practical strategies that bridge contemporary, published guidelines into practice within a multi-disciplinary team working with cancer survivors in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Stefani
- Unit of Sports Medicine, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50141 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3477689030
| | - Francesco Sofi
- Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Magro
- Unit of Sports Medicine, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50141 Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriele Mascherini
- Unit of Sports Medicine, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50141 Florence, Italy
| | - Cristian Petri
- Unit of Sports Medicine, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50141 Florence, Italy
| | - Giorgio Galanti
- Unit of Sports Medicine, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50141 Florence, Italy
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20
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Grempler R, Wolff M, Simon E, Schmid R, Eisele C, Rieber K, Fischer E, Mettel S, Gabrielyan O, Delic D, Luippold G, Redeman N. Discovery and translation of a target engagement marker for AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197849. [PMID: 29799853 PMCID: PMC5969744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an attractive approach for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. AMPK activation reduces glucose levels in animal models of type 2 diabetes by increasing glucose uptake in skeletal muscles and reducing hepatic glucose production. Furthermore, AMPK activation ameliorates hepatic steatosis in animal models. For the clinical development of AMPK activators it is essential to have a reliable target engagement marker for appropriate dose finding and to support proof of clinical principle. While the activation of AMPK by quantification of the phosphorylation of AMPK at Thr172 in target tissues can be assessed pre-clinically, this is not feasible in clinical studies. Therefore, we attempted to identify and translate a peripheral target engagement biomarker downstream of AMPK activation for clinical use in blood samples. METHODS For pharmacological activation of AMPK, two AMPK activators were synthesized (compound 1 and 2). A compound with structural similarities but no pharmacological effect on AMPK phosphorylation was synthesized as negative control (compound 3). Whole blood from healthy volunteers was incubated with an AMPK activator for up to 6 hours and mRNA sequencing was performed. Additionally, human PBMCs were isolated to evaluate Thr172-phosphorylation of AMPK in Western blots. In order to enable identification of translatable biomarker candidates, blood samples from HanWistar rats treated for two weeks with an AMPK activator were also subjected to mRNA sequencing. Furthermore, concentration-response curves for four biomarker candidates were recorded in human blood samples using Nanostring nCounter technology. Finally, ZDF rats were treated with increasing doses of compound 2 for five weeks to investigate the glucose-lowering efficacy. To investigate changes of mRNA expression of two selected biomarker candidates in this ZDF rat study, qRT-PCR was performed. RESULTS Pharmacological activation of AMPK in human PBMCs revealed an increase in Thr172-phosphorylation of AMPK, confirming target engagement in these blood cells. RNA sequencing of human blood samples identified 608 deregulated genes after AMPK activation. Additionally, AMPK activation led to deregulation of 367 genes in whole blood from HanWistar rats which mapped to the respective human genes. 22 genes out of the intersection of genes deregulated in both species are proposed as potential translatable target engagement biomarker candidates. The most prominent genes were transmembrane glycoprotein NMB (GPNMB, osteoactivin), calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9), peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGLYRP1) and Ras homolog gene family, member B (RHOB). Specificity for AMPK was shown by testing inactive compound 3 in HanWistar rats. The exposure-effect relationship for GPNMB was investigated in a subchronic study in diabetic ZDF rats. GPNMB showed a dose-dependent up-regulation both acutely and after subchronic dosing. GPNMB up-regulation correlated with an increased Thr172-phosphorylation of AMPK in liver and quadriceps muscle in rats. CONCLUSION GPNMB has been identified as a translatable target engagement biomarker for use in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Grempler
- Department of Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael Wolff
- Department of Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Eric Simon
- Department of Target Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Ramona Schmid
- Department of Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Claudia Eisele
- Department of Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Kathrin Rieber
- Department of Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Elke Fischer
- Department of Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Sonja Mettel
- Department of Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Ogsen Gabrielyan
- Department of Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Denis Delic
- Department of Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Gerd Luippold
- Department of Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Norbert Redeman
- Department of Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
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21
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Congenital myopathies: disorders of excitation-contraction coupling and muscle contraction. Nat Rev Neurol 2018; 14:151-167. [PMID: 29391587 DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2017.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The congenital myopathies are a group of early-onset, non-dystrophic neuromuscular conditions with characteristic muscle biopsy findings, variable severity and a stable or slowly progressive course. Pronounced weakness in axial and proximal muscle groups is a common feature, and involvement of extraocular, cardiorespiratory and/or distal muscles can implicate specific genetic defects. Central core disease (CCD), multi-minicore disease (MmD), centronuclear myopathy (CNM) and nemaline myopathy were among the first congenital myopathies to be reported, and they still represent the main diagnostic categories. However, these entities seem to belong to a much wider phenotypic spectrum. To date, congenital myopathies have been attributed to mutations in over 20 genes, which encode proteins implicated in skeletal muscle Ca2+ homeostasis, excitation-contraction coupling, thin-thick filament assembly and interactions, and other mechanisms. RYR1 mutations are the most frequent genetic cause, and CCD and MmD are the most common subgroups. Next-generation sequencing has vastly improved mutation detection and has enabled the identification of novel genetic backgrounds. At present, management of congenital myopathies is largely supportive, although new therapeutic approaches are reaching the clinical trial stage.
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22
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Raniga K, Liang C. Interferons: Reprogramming the Metabolic Network against Viral Infection. Viruses 2018; 10:E36. [PMID: 29342871 PMCID: PMC5795449 DOI: 10.3390/v10010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses exploit the host and induce drastic metabolic changes to ensure an optimal environment for replication and the production of viral progenies. In response, the host has developed diverse countermeasures to sense and limit these alterations to combat viral infection. One such host mechanism is through interferon signaling. Interferons are cytokines that enhances the transcription of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) whose products are key players in the innate immune response to viral infection. In addition to their direct targeting of viral components, interferons and ISGs exert profound effects on cellular metabolism. Recent studies have started to illuminate on the specific role of interferon in rewiring cellular metabolism to activate immune cells and limit viral infection. This review reflects on our current understanding of the complex networking that occurs between the virus and host at the interface of cellular metabolism, with a focus on the ISGs in particular, cholesterol-25-hydroxylase (CH25H), spermidine/spermine acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1), indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) and sterile alpha motif and histidine/aspartic acid domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1), which were recently discovered to modulate specific metabolic events and consequently deter viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Raniga
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - Chen Liang
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
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23
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Kjøbsted R, Hingst JR, Fentz J, Foretz M, Sanz MN, Pehmøller C, Shum M, Marette A, Mounier R, Treebak JT, Wojtaszewski JFP, Viollet B, Lantier L. AMPK in skeletal muscle function and metabolism. FASEB J 2018; 32:1741-1777. [PMID: 29242278 PMCID: PMC5945561 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700442r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle possesses a remarkable ability to adapt to various physiologic conditions. AMPK is a sensor of intracellular energy status that maintains energy stores by fine-tuning anabolic and catabolic pathways. AMPK’s role as an energy sensor is particularly critical in tissues displaying highly changeable energy turnover. Due to the drastic changes in energy demand that occur between the resting and exercising state, skeletal muscle is one such tissue. Here, we review the complex regulation of AMPK in skeletal muscle and its consequences on metabolism (e.g., substrate uptake, oxidation, and storage as well as mitochondrial function of skeletal muscle fibers). We focus on the role of AMPK in skeletal muscle during exercise and in exercise recovery. We also address adaptations to exercise training, including skeletal muscle plasticity, highlighting novel concepts and future perspectives that need to be investigated. Furthermore, we discuss the possible role of AMPK as a therapeutic target as well as different AMPK activators and their potential for future drug development.—Kjøbsted, R., Hingst, J. R., Fentz, J., Foretz, M., Sanz, M.-N., Pehmøller, C., Shum, M., Marette, A., Mounier, R., Treebak, J. T., Wojtaszewski, J. F. P., Viollet, B., Lantier, L. AMPK in skeletal muscle function and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Kjøbsted
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janne R Hingst
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joachim Fentz
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc Foretz
- INSERM, Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Maria-Nieves Sanz
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, and.,Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Pehmøller
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Shum
- Axe Cardiologie, Quebec Heart and Lung Research Institute, Laval University, Québec, Canada.,Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Axe Cardiologie, Quebec Heart and Lung Research Institute, Laval University, Québec, Canada.,Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Remi Mounier
- Institute NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM Unité 1217, CNRS UMR, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benoit Viollet
- INSERM, Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Louise Lantier
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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24
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Zheng J, Cheng J, Zheng S, Zhang L, Guo X, Zhang J, Xiao X. Physical Exercise and Its Protective Effects on Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: What Is the Evidence? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:729. [PMID: 30559720 PMCID: PMC6286969 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the most serious complications of diabetes, diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) imposes a huge burden on individuals and society, and represents a major public health problem. It has long been recognized that physical exercise has important health benefits for patients with type 2 diabetes, and regular physical exercise can delay or prevent the complications of diabetes. Current studies show that physical exercise has been regarded as an importantly non-pharmacological treatment for diabetes and DCM, with high efficacy and low adverse events. It can inhibit the pathological processes of myocardial apoptosis, myocardial fibrosis, and myocardial microvascular diseases through improving myocardial metabolism, enhancing the regulation of Ca2+, and protecting the function of mitochondria. Eventually, it can alleviate the occurrence and development of diabetic complications. Describing the mechanisms of physical exercise on DCM may provide a new theory for alleviating, or even reversing the development of DCM, and prevent it from developing to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health & The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Sheng Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, XiangYang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Junqing Zhang
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xinhua Xiao
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25
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Eburicoic Acid, a Triterpenoid Compound from Antrodia camphorata, Displays Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Effects in Palmitate-Treated C2C12 Myotubes and in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112314. [PMID: 29099085 PMCID: PMC5713283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects and mechanisms of eburicoic acid (TRR); one component of Antrodia camphorata in vitro and in an animal model for 14 weeks. Expression levels of membrane glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4); phospho-5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/total AMPK; and phospho-Akt/total Akt in insulin-resistant C2C12 myotube cells were significantly decreased by palmitate; and such decrease was prevented and restored by TRR at different concentrations. A group of control (CON) was on low-fat diet over a period of 14 weeks. Diabetic mice; after high-fat-diet (HFD) induction for 10 weeks; were randomly divided into six groups and were given once a day oral gavage doses of either TRR (at three dosage levels); fenofibrate (Feno) (at 0.25 g/kg body weight); metformin (Metf) (at 0.3 g/kg body weight); or vehicle (distilled water) (HF group) over a period of 4 weeks and still on HFD. Levels of glucose; triglyceride; free fatty acid (FFA); insulin; and leptin in blood were increased in 14-week HFD-fed mice as compared to the CON group; and the increases were prevented by TRR, Feno, or Metf as compared to the HF group. Moreover, HFD-induction displayed a decrease in circulating adiponectin levels, and the decrease was prevented by TRR, Feno, or Metf treatment. The overall effect of TRR is to decrease glucose and triglyceride levels and improved peripheral insulin sensitivity. Eburicoic acid, Feno, and Metf displayed both enhanced expression levels of phospho-AMPK and membrane expression levels of GLUT4 in the skeletal muscle of HFD-fed mice to facilitate glucose uptake with consequent enhanced hepatic expression levels of phospho-AMPK in the liver and phosphorylation of the transcription factor forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) but decreased messenger RNA (mRNA) of phosphenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) to inhibit hepatic glucose production; resulting in lowered blood glucose levels. Moreover; TRR treatment increased hepatic expression levels of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) to enhance fatty acid oxidation; but displayed a reduction in expressions of hepatic fatty acid synthase (FAS) but an increase in fatty acid oxidation PPARα coincident with a decrease in hepatic mRNA levels of sterol response element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c); resulting in a decrease in blood triglycerides and amelioration of hepatic ballooning degeneration. Eburicoic acid-treated mice reduced adipose expression levels of lipogenic FAS and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and led to decreased adipose lipid accumulation. The present findings demonstrated that TRR exhibits a beneficial therapeutic potential in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia.
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26
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Chen X, Su T, Chen Y, He Y, Liu Y, Xu Y, Wei Y, Li J, He R. d-Ribose as a Contributor to Glycated Haemoglobin. EBioMedicine 2017; 25:143-153. [PMID: 29033370 PMCID: PMC5704047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is the most important marker of hyperglycaemia in diabetes mellitus. We show that d-ribose reacts with haemoglobin, thus yielding HbA1c. Using mass spectrometry, we detected glycation of haemoglobin with d-ribose produces 10 carboxylmethyllysines (CMLs). The first-order rate constant of fructosamine formation for d-ribose was approximately 60 times higher than that for d-glucose at the initial stage. Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rat, a common model for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), had high levels of d-ribose and HbA1c, accompanied by a decrease of transketolase (TK) in the liver. The administration of benfotiamine, an activator of TK, significantly decreased d-ribose followed by a decline in HbA1c. In clinical investigation, T2DM patients with high HbA1c had a high level of urine d-ribose, though the level of their urine d-glucose was low. That is, d-ribose contributes to HbA1c, which prompts future studies to further explore whether d-ribose plays a role in the pathophysiological mechanism of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Yingge He
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Yan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Juan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Rongqiao He
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Alzheimer's Disease Center, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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27
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From apelin to exercise: emerging therapies for management of hypertension in pregnancy. Hypertens Res 2017; 40:519-525. [PMID: 28381873 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2017.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Studies over the last couple of decades have provided exciting new insights into mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. In addition, several novel and innovative molecules and ideas for management of the syndrome have also come forth. While our basic understanding of the initiating events of preeclampsia continues to be placental ischemia/hypoxia stimulating the release of a variety of factors from the placenta that act on the cardiovascular and renal systems, the number of candidate pathways for intervention continues to increase. Recent studies have identified apelin and its receptor, APJ, as an important contributor to the regulation of cardiovascular and fluid balance that is found to be disrupted in preeclampsia. Likewise, continued studies have revealed a critical role for the complement arm of the innate immune system in placental ischemia induced hypertension and in preeclampsia. Finally, the recent increase in animal models for studying hypertensive disorders of pregnancy has provided opportunities to evaluate the potential role for physical activity and exercise in a more mechanistic fashion. While the exact quantitative importance of the various endothelial and humoral factors that mediate vasoconstriction and elevation of arterial pressure during preeclampsia remains unclear, significant progress has been made. Thus, the goal of this review is to discuss recent efforts towards identifying therapies for hypertension during pregnancy that derive from work exploring the apelinergic system, the complement system as well as the role that exercise and physical activity may play to that end.
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28
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Zaborska KE, Edwards G, Austin C, Wareing M. The Role of O-GlcNAcylation in Perivascular Adipose Tissue Dysfunction of Offspring of High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats. J Vasc Res 2017; 54:79-91. [PMID: 28376507 PMCID: PMC5569708 DOI: 10.1159/000458422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), which reduces vascular contractility, is dysfunctional in the male offspring of rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD), partially due to a reduced NO bioavailability. O-GlcNAcylation of eNOS decreases its activity, thus we investigated the role of O-GlcNAcylation in the prenatal programming of PVAT dysfunction. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a control (10% fat) or an obesogenic HFD (45% fat) diet for 12 weeks prior to mating, and throughout pregnancy and lactation. Offspring were weaned onto the control diet and were killed at 12 and 24 weeks of age. Mesenteric arteries from the 12-week-old offspring of HFD dams (HFDO) contracted less to U46619; these effects were mimicked by glucosamine in control arteries. PVAT from 12- and 24-week-old controls, but not from HFDO, exerted an anticontractile effect. Glucosamine attenuated the anticontractile effect of PVAT in the vessels from controls but not from HFDO. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation (with A769662) partially restored an anticontractile effect in glucosamine-treated controls and HFDO PVAT. Glucosamine decreased AMPK activity and expression in HFDO PVAT, although phosphorylated eNOS expression was only reduced in that from males. The loss of anticontractile effect of HFDO PVAT is likely to result from increased O-GlcNAcylation, which decreased AMPK activity and, in males, decreased NO bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina E Zaborska
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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29
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Kim JW, You YH, Ham DS, Yang HK, Yoon KH. The Paradoxical Effects of AMPK on Insulin Gene Expression and Glucose-Induced Insulin Secretion. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:239-46. [PMID: 26105159 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is known to repress the expression of the insulin gene and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). However, the mechanisms by which this occurs, as well as the effects of AMPK activation on glucolipotoxicity-induced β-cell dysfunction, have not been elucidated. To investigate the effects of 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ-coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) on β-cell-specific genes under glucolipotoxic conditions, we performed real-time PCR and measured insulin secretion by primary islets. To study these effects in vivo, we administered AICAR for 10 days (1 mg/g body weight) to 90% pancreatectomized hyperglycemic mice. The exposure of isolated rat and human islets to glucolipotoxic conditions and the overexpression of PGC-1α suppressed insulin and NEUROD1 mRNA expression. However, the expression of these genes was preserved by AICAR treatment and by PGC-1α inhibition. Exposure of isolated islets to glucolipotoxic conditions for 3 days decreased GSIS, which was also well maintained by AICAR treatment and by PGC-1α inhibition. The administration of AICAR to 90% pancreatectomized hyperglycemic mice improved glucose tolerance and insulin secretion. These results indicate that treatment of islets with an AMPK agonist under glucolipotoxic conditions protects against glucolipotoxicity-induced β-cell dysfunction. A better understanding of the functions of molecules such as PGC-1α and AMPK, which play key roles in intracellular fuel regulation, could herald a new era for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by providing protection against glucolipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Kim
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-040, Korea
| | - Young-Hye You
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-040, Korea
| | - Dong-Sik Ham
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-040, Korea
| | - Hae Kyung Yang
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-040, Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Yoon
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-040, Korea
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30
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Prevention and treatment effect of evogliptin on hepatic steatosis in high-fat-fed animal models. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 40:268-281. [PMID: 27885461 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0864-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is an adipokine that interrupts insulin signaling. The resulting insulin resistance exacerbates hepatic steatosis. We previously reported that the novel DPP4 inhibitor evogliptin improves insulin resistance. This study aimed to verify the therapeutic potential of evogliptin for fatty liver. Evogliptin treatment was initiated simultaneously with a high-fat diet (HFD) feeding in normal mice and in a post-24 week HFD-fed rats. In a prevention study, insulin sensitivity was preserved in evogliptin-treated mice after a 16-week treatment. Overall plasma lipid levels stayed lower and hepatic lipid accumulation was drastically suppressed by evogliptin treatment. Evogliptin reduced hepatic expression of Srebf1, a key transcriptional factor for lipogenesis. Additionally, DPP4 inhibitor-treated mice showed less weight gain. In a treatment study, after evogliptin treatment for 14 weeks in pre-established HFD-fed obese rats, weight loss was marginal, while hepatic lipid accumulation and liver damage assessed by measuring plasma aminotransferase levels were completely resolved, suggesting weight loss-independent beneficial effects on fatty liver. Moreover, reduction in plasma non-esterified fatty acids supported the improvement of insulin resistance by evogliptin treatment. Conclusively, our findings suggest that evogliptin treatment ameliorates fatty liver by increasing insulin sensitivity and suppressing lipogenesis.
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31
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Ghorbanzadeh V, Mohammadi M, Dariushnejad H, Chodari L, Mohaddes G. Effects of crocin and voluntary exercise, alone or combined, on heart VEGF-A and HOMA-IR of HFD/STZ induced type 2 diabetic rats. J Endocrinol Invest 2016; 39:1179-86. [PMID: 27094045 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-016-0456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia is the main risk factor for microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes. Crocin and voluntary exercise have anti-hyperglycemic effects in diabetes. In this research, we evaluated the effects of crocin and voluntary exercise alone or combined on glycemia control and heart level of VEGF-A. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals were divided into eight groups as: control (con), diabetes (Dia), crocin (Cro), voluntary exercise (Exe), crocin and voluntary exercise (Cro-Exe), diabetic-crocin (Dia-Cro), diabetic-voluntary exercise (Dia-Exe), diabetic-crocin-voluntary exercise (Dia-Cro-Exe). Type 2 diabetes was induced by a high-fat diet (4 weeks) and injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (i.p, 35 mg/kg). Animals received oral administration of crocin (50 mg/kg) or performed voluntary exercise alone or together for 8 weeks. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed on overnight fasted control, diabetic and treated rats after 8 weeks of treatment. Then, serum insulin and heart VEGF-A protein levels were measured. RESULTS Crocin combined with voluntary exercise significantly decreased blood glucose levels (p < 0.001) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p < 0.001) compared to diabetic group. VEGF-A level was significantly (p < 0.01) lower in Dia group compared to control group. The combination of crocin and voluntary exercise significantly enhanced VEGF-A protein levels in Dia-Cro-Exe and Cro-Exe group compared to diabetic and control groups, respectively; p < 0.001 and p < 0.05. DISCUSSION Crocin combined with voluntary exercise improved insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and reduced glucose levels in diabetic rats. Since both crocin and voluntary exercise can increase VEGF-A protein expression in heart tissue, they probably are able to increase angiogenesis in diabetic animals.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Carotenoids/pharmacology
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Glucose/administration & dosage
- Glucose Tolerance Test
- Heart/drug effects
- Heart/physiopathology
- Insulin Resistance
- Male
- Physical Conditioning, Animal
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- V Ghorbanzadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - M Mohammadi
- Drug Applied Research Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - H Dariushnejad
- Drug Applied Research Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - L Chodari
- Drug Applied Research Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - G Mohaddes
- Neuroscience Research Centre of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 5166614766, Tabriz, Iran.
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32
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Cameron RB, Beeson CC, Schnellmann RG. Development of Therapeutics That Induce Mitochondrial Biogenesis for the Treatment of Acute and Chronic Degenerative Diseases. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10411-10434. [PMID: 27560192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria have various roles in cellular metabolism and homeostasis. Because mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with many acute and chronic degenerative diseases, mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) is a therapeutic target for treating such diseases. Here, we review the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in acute and chronic degenerative diseases and the cellular signaling pathways by which MB is induced. We then review existing work describing the development and application of drugs that induce MB in vitro and in vivo. In particular, we discuss natural products and modulators of transcription factors, kinases, cyclic nucleotides, and G protein-coupled receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Cameron
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina , 280 Calhoun Street, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States.,College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona , 1295 N. Martin Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Craig C Beeson
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina , 280 Calhoun Street, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Rick G Schnellmann
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina , 280 Calhoun Street, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States.,College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona , 1295 N. Martin Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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33
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Jungbluth H, Ochala J, Treves S, Gautel M. Current and future therapeutic approaches to the congenital myopathies. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 64:191-200. [PMID: 27515125 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The congenital myopathies - including Central Core Disease (CCD), Multi-minicore Disease (MmD), Centronuclear Myopathy (CNM), Nemaline Myopathy (NM) and Congenital Fibre Type Disproportion (CFTD) - are a genetically heterogeneous group of early-onset neuromuscular conditions characterized by distinct histopathological features, and associated with a substantial individual and societal disease burden. Appropriate supportive management has substantially improved patient morbidity and mortality but there is currently no cure. Recent years have seen an exponential increase in the genetic and molecular understanding of these conditions, leading to the identification of underlying defects in proteins involved in calcium homeostasis and excitation-contraction coupling, thick/thin filament assembly and function, redox regulation, membrane trafficking and/or autophagic pathways. Based on these findings, specific therapies are currently being developed, or are already approaching the clinical trial stage. Despite undeniable progress, therapy development faces considerable challenges, considering the rarity and diversity of specific conditions, and the size and complexity of some of the genes and proteins involved. The present review will summarize the key genetic, histopathological and clinical features of specific congenital myopathies, and outline therapies already available or currently being developed in the context of known pathogenic mechanisms. The relevance of newly discovered molecular mechanisms and novel gene editing strategies for future therapy development will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Jungbluth
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Service, Evelina's Children Hospital, Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Randall Division for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signalling Section Biophysics and Cardiovascular Division, King's College BHF Centre of Research Excellence, United Kingdom; Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, IoPPN, King's College, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Julien Ochala
- Centre of Human and Aerospace Physiological Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Treves
- Departments of Biomedicine and Anaesthesia, Basel University Hospital, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Gautel
- Randall Division for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signalling Section Biophysics and Cardiovascular Division, King's College BHF Centre of Research Excellence, United Kingdom
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34
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Abstract
Despite major improvements in the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus, many patients still suffer from progressive diabetic kidney disease. More research is needed to improve treatment and to understand why some patients develop complications while others do not. Mitochondrial dysfunction has turned out to be central to the pathogenesis of diabetes, and we will review some new aspects in this field and the potential for treatment. The conventional theory has been that the intracellular surplus of glucose leads to mitochondrial overproduction of superoxide that contributes to general cell damage and activation of deleterious pathways specific for diabetes complications. However, recent data suggests that reduced mitochondrial activity could be the basis for disease progression and complications through increased inflammation and pro-fibrotic factors. Physical exercise is a very strong stimulus to mitochondrial biogenesis, and we now understand many of the underlying signaling pathways. Clinical trials have also shown that training, especially high-intensity training, can delay the onset of diabetes and improve insulin resistance. Furthermore, intermittent fasting and various pharmacological agents are other potential options for stimulating mitochondrial function and reducing the risk of development and progression of diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stein Hallan
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Nephrology, St Olav Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Institute of Metabolomic Medicine and the Center for Renal Translational Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kumar Sharma
- Institute of Metabolomic Medicine and the Center for Renal Translational Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Center for Renal Translational Medicine, University of California San Diego/Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Stein Clinical Research Building, 4th Floor, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0711, USA.
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35
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Suppression of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Infection and Replication by 5'-AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. J Virol 2016; 90:6515-6525. [PMID: 27147746 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00624-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The host intracellular antiviral restriction factors inhibit viral infection and replication. The 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a cellular energy sensor regulating metabolic homeostasis. Activated AMPK inhibits the replication of numerous RNA viruses but enhances the entry of vaccinia virus. However, the role of AMPK in herpesvirus infection is unclear. In this study, we showed that the constitutive AMPK activity restricted Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) lytic replication in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells while KSHV infection did not markedly affect the endogenous AMPK activity. Knockdown of the AMPKα1 considerably enhanced the expression of viral lytic genes and the production of infectious virions, while overexpression of a constitutively active AMPK had the opposite effects. Accordingly, an AMPK inhibitor, compound C, augmented viral lytic gene expressions and virion productions but an AMPK agonist, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), suppressed both. Furthermore, a common diabetes drug, metformin, which carries an AMPK-agonistic activity, drastically inhibited the expression of viral lytic genes and the production of infectious virions, suggesting the use of metformin as a therapeutic agent for KSHV infection and replication. Together, these results identify the host AMPK as a KSHV restriction factor that can serve as a potential therapeutic target. IMPORTANCE Host cells encode specific proteins to restrict viral infection and replication. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a human tumor virus associated with several cancers. In this study, we have identified 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a cellular energy sensor, as a restriction factor of KSHV lytic replication during primary infection. Activation of AMPK suppresses, while inhibition of AMPK enhances, KSHV lytic replication by regulating the expression of viral genes. AICAR and metformin, both of which are AMPK agonists currently used in clinics for the treatment of conditions associated with metabolic disorders, inhibit KSHV lytic replication. Thus, our work has identified AMPK as a potential therapeutic target and AICAR and metformin as potential therapeutic agents for KSHV-associated cancers.
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Yang TY, Yen CC, Lee KI, Su CC, Yang CY, Wu CC, Hsieh SS, Ueng KC, Huang CF. Molybdenum induces pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis via interdependent of JNK and AMPK activation-regulated mitochondria-dependent and ER stress-triggered pathways. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 294:54-64. [PMID: 26806093 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Molybdenum (Mo), a well-known toxic environmental and industrial pollutant, causes adverse health effects and diseases in humans and has received attention as a potential risk factor for DM. However, the roles of Mo in the mechanisms of the toxicological effects in pancreatic β-cells are mostly unclear. In this study, the results revealed dysfunction of insulin secretion and apoptosis in the pancreatic β-cell-derived RIN-m5F cells and the isolated mouse islets in response to Mo. These effects were accompanied by a mitochondria-dependent apoptotic signals including a decreased in the MMP, an increase in cytochrome c release, and the activation of caspase cascades and PARP. In addition, ER stress was triggered as indicated by several key molecules of the UPR. Furthermore, exposure to Mo induced the activation of ERK1/2, JNK, AMPKα, and GSK3-α/β. Pretreatment with specific pharmacological inhibitors (in RIN-m5F cells and isolated mouse islets) of JNK (SP600125) and AMPK (Compound C) or transfection with si-RNAs (in RIN-m5F cells) specific to JNK and AMPKα effectively prevented the Mo-induced apoptosis and related signals, but inhibitors of ERK1/2 and GSK3-α/β (PD98059 and LiCl, respectively) did not reverse the Mo-induced effects. Additionally, both the inhibitors and specific si-RNAs could suppress the Mo-induced phosphorylation of JNK and AMPKα each other. Taken together, these results suggest that Mo exerts its cytotoxicity on pancreatic β-cells by inducing dysfunction and apoptosis via interdependent JNK and AMPK activation downstream-regulated mitochondrial-dependent and ER stress-triggered apoptosis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Yuan Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Yen
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Health Care and Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-I Lee
- Department of Emergency, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chuan Su
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua County 500, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yao Yang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Ching Wu
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Shu Hsieh
- Department of Emergency, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427, Taiwan.
| | - Kwo-Chang Ueng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Fa Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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Bost F, Decoux-Poullot AG, Tanti JF, Clavel S. Energy disruptors: rising stars in anticancer therapy? Oncogenesis 2016; 5:e188. [PMID: 26779810 PMCID: PMC4728676 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2015.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic features of tumor cells diverge from those of normal cells. Otto Warburg was the first to observe that cancer cells dramatically increase their glucose consumption to generate ATP. He also claimed that cancer cells do not have functional mitochondria or oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) but simply rely on glycolysis to provide ATP to the cell, even in the presence of oxygen (aerobic glycolysis). Several studies have revisited this observation and demonstrated that most cancer cells contain metabolically efficient mitochondria. Indeed, to sustain high proliferation rates, cancer cells require functional mitochondria to provide ATP and intermediate metabolites, such as citrate and cofactors, for anabolic reactions. This difference in metabolism between normal and tumors cells causes the latter to be more sensitive to agents that can disrupt energy homeostasis. In this review, we focus on energy disruptors, such as biguanides, 2-deoxyglucose and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide, that interfere with the main metabolic pathways of the cells, OXPHOS, glycolysis and glutamine metabolism. We discuss the preclinical data and the mechanisms of action of these disruptors at the cellular and molecular levels. Finally, we consider whether these drugs can reasonably contribute to the antitumoral therapeutic arsenal in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bost
- INSERM, C3M, U1065, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France.,Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, C3M, U1065, Nice, France
| | - A-G Decoux-Poullot
- INSERM, C3M, U1065, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France.,Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, C3M, U1065, Nice, France
| | - J F Tanti
- INSERM, C3M, U1065, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France.,Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, C3M, U1065, Nice, France
| | - S Clavel
- INSERM, C3M, U1065, Team Cellular and Molecular Physiopathology of Obesity and Diabetes, Nice, France.,Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, C3M, U1065, Nice, France
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Whitaker RM, Corum D, Beeson CC, Schnellmann RG. Mitochondrial Biogenesis as a Pharmacological Target: A New Approach to Acute and Chronic Diseases. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 56:229-49. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010715-103155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Whitaker
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina and
| | - Daniel Corum
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina and
| | - Craig C. Beeson
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina and
| | - Rick G. Schnellmann
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina and
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Administration Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29425; , , ,
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New insights into the trophic and cytoprotective effects of creatine in in vitro and in vivo models of cell maturation. Amino Acids 2016; 48:1897-911. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2161-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Jiménez-Maldonado A, Cerna-Cortés J, Castro-Rodríguez EM, Montero SA, Muñiz J, Rodríguez-Hernández A, Lemus M, De Álvarez-Buylla ER. Effects of moderate- and high-intensity chronic exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in fast and slow muscles. Muscle Nerve 2015; 53:446-51. [PMID: 26148339 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein expression is sensitive to cellular activity. In the sedentary state, BDNF expression is affected by the muscle phenotype. METHODS Eighteen Wistar rats were divided into the following 3 groups: sedentary (S); moderate-intensity training (MIT); and high-intensity training (HIT). The training protocol lasted 8 weeks. Forty-eight hours after training, total RNA and protein levels in the soleus and plantaris muscles were obtained. RESULTS In the plantaris, the BDNF protein level was lower in the HIT than in the S group (P < 0.05). A similar effect was found in the soleus (without significant difference). In the soleus, higher Bdnf mRNA levels were found in the HIT group (P < 0.001 vs. S and MIT groups). In the plantaris muscle, similar Bdnf mRNA levels were found in all groups. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that high-intensity chronic exercise reduces BDNF protein level in fast muscles and increases Bdnf mRNA levels in slow muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Jiménez-Maldonado
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, 965 Ave. 25 de Julio, Col. Villas San Sebastián, Colima, 28045, México
| | | | - Elena M Castro-Rodríguez
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, 965 Ave. 25 de Julio, Col. Villas San Sebastián, Colima, 28045, México
| | | | - Jesús Muñiz
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, 965 Ave. 25 de Julio, Col. Villas San Sebastián, Colima, 28045, México
| | | | - Mónica Lemus
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, 965 Ave. 25 de Julio, Col. Villas San Sebastián, Colima, 28045, México
| | - Elena Roces De Álvarez-Buylla
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, 965 Ave. 25 de Julio, Col. Villas San Sebastián, Colima, 28045, México
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Tan HWS, Sim AYL, Huang SL, Leng Y, Long YC. HC toxin (a HDAC inhibitor) enhances IRS1-Akt signalling and metabolism in mouse myotubes. J Mol Endocrinol 2015; 55:197-207. [PMID: 26373795 DOI: 10.1530/jme-15-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Exercise enhances numerous signalling pathways and activates substrate metabolism in skeletal muscle. Small molecule compounds that activate these cellular responses have been shown to recapitulate the metabolic benefits of exercise. In this study, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, HC toxin, was investigated as a small molecule compound that activates exercise-induced adaptations. In C2C12 myotubes, HC toxin treatment activated two exercise-stimulated pathways: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Akt pathways. HC toxin increased the protein content and phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 as well as the activation of downstream Akt signalling. The effects of HC toxin on IRS1-Akt signalling were PI3K-dependent as wortmannin abolishes its effects on IRS1 protein accumulation and Akt phosphorylation. HC toxin-induced Akt activation was sufficient to enhance downstream mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling including p70S6K and S6, which were consistently abolished by PI3K inhibition. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, glycolysis, mitochondrial respiration and fatty acid oxidation were also enhanced in HC toxin-treated myotubes. When myotubes were challenged with serum starvation for the induction of atrophy, HC toxin treatment prevented the induction of genes that are involved in autophagy and proteasomal proteolysis. Conversely, IRS1-Akt signalling was not induced by HC toxin in several hepatoma cell lines, providing evidence for a favourable safety profile of this small molecule. These data highlight the potential of HDAC inhibitors as a novel class of small molecules for the induction of exercise-like signalling pathways and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden Weng Siong Tan
- Department of BiochemistryYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Block MD 7, 8 Medical Drive, #03-08, Singapore 117597, SingaporeState Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Arthur Yi Loong Sim
- Department of BiochemistryYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Block MD 7, 8 Medical Drive, #03-08, Singapore 117597, SingaporeState Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Su Ling Huang
- Department of BiochemistryYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Block MD 7, 8 Medical Drive, #03-08, Singapore 117597, SingaporeState Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Leng
- Department of BiochemistryYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Block MD 7, 8 Medical Drive, #03-08, Singapore 117597, SingaporeState Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yun Chau Long
- Department of BiochemistryYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Block MD 7, 8 Medical Drive, #03-08, Singapore 117597, SingaporeState Key Laboratory of Drug ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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Christensen CS, Christensen DP, Lundh M, Dahllöf MS, Haase TN, Velasquez JM, Laye MJ, Mandrup-Poulsen T, Solomon TPJ. Skeletal Muscle to Pancreatic β-Cell Cross-talk: The Effect of Humoral Mediators Liberated by Muscle Contraction and Acute Exercise on β-Cell Apoptosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015. [PMID: 26218753 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-4506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Mechanisms explaining exercise-induced β-cell health are unknown. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to define the role of muscle contraction and acute exercise-derived soluble humoral mediators on β-cell health. DESIGN In vitro models were used. SETTING University. PARTICIPANTS Healthy subjects. INTERVENTION(S) Conditioned media (CM) were collected from human skeletal muscle (HSkM) cells treated with or without electrical pulse stimulation (EPS). Antecubital and femoral venous blood serum were collected before and after an exercise bout. CM and sera with or without IL-6 neutralization were used to incubate insulin-producing INS-1 cells and rat islets for 24 h in the presence or absence of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β+IFN-γ). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) INS-1 and islet apoptosis and accumulated insulin secretion. RESULTS IL-1β+IFN-γ increased INS-1 and islet apoptosis and decreased insulin secretion. EPS-treated HSkM cell CM did not affect these variables. Exercise-conditioned antecubital but not femoral sera prevented IL-1β+IFN-γ-induced INS-1 and islet apoptosis. Femoral sera reduced insulin secretion under normal and proinflammatory conditions in INS-1 but not islet cells. EPS increased HSkM cell IL-6 secretion and exercise increased circulating IL-6 levels in antecubital and femoral serum. IL-6 neutralization demonstrated that muscle-derived IL-6 prevents INS-1 and islet apoptosis in the absence of IL-1β+IFN-γ, but augments apoptosis under proinflammatory conditions, and that muscle-derived IL-6 supports islet insulin secretion in the absence of IL-1β+IFN-γ. CONCLUSIONS Unidentified circulating humoral mediators released during exercise prevent proinflammatory cytokine-induced β-cell apoptosis. Muscle-derived mediators released during exercise suppress β-cell insulin secretion. Furthermore, muscle-derived IL-6 seems to prevent β-cell apoptosis under normal conditions but contributes to β-cell apoptosis under proinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla S Christensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (C.S.C., D.P.C., M.S.D., T.N.H., J.M.V., T.M.-P.), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark; Centre for Inflammation and Metabolism (J.M.V., M.J.L.), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (J.M.-P.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden; and School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences (T.P.J.S.), Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Dan P Christensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (C.S.C., D.P.C., M.S.D., T.N.H., J.M.V., T.M.-P.), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark; Centre for Inflammation and Metabolism (J.M.V., M.J.L.), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (J.M.-P.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden; and School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences (T.P.J.S.), Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Morten Lundh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (C.S.C., D.P.C., M.S.D., T.N.H., J.M.V., T.M.-P.), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark; Centre for Inflammation and Metabolism (J.M.V., M.J.L.), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (J.M.-P.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden; and School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences (T.P.J.S.), Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Mattias S Dahllöf
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (C.S.C., D.P.C., M.S.D., T.N.H., J.M.V., T.M.-P.), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark; Centre for Inflammation and Metabolism (J.M.V., M.J.L.), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (J.M.-P.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden; and School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences (T.P.J.S.), Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias N Haase
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (C.S.C., D.P.C., M.S.D., T.N.H., J.M.V., T.M.-P.), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark; Centre for Inflammation and Metabolism (J.M.V., M.J.L.), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (J.M.-P.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden; and School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences (T.P.J.S.), Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica M Velasquez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (C.S.C., D.P.C., M.S.D., T.N.H., J.M.V., T.M.-P.), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark; Centre for Inflammation and Metabolism (J.M.V., M.J.L.), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (J.M.-P.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden; and School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences (T.P.J.S.), Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Laye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (C.S.C., D.P.C., M.S.D., T.N.H., J.M.V., T.M.-P.), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark; Centre for Inflammation and Metabolism (J.M.V., M.J.L.), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (J.M.-P.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden; and School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences (T.P.J.S.), Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (C.S.C., D.P.C., M.S.D., T.N.H., J.M.V., T.M.-P.), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark; Centre for Inflammation and Metabolism (J.M.V., M.J.L.), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (J.M.-P.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden; and School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences (T.P.J.S.), Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas P J Solomon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (C.S.C., D.P.C., M.S.D., T.N.H., J.M.V., T.M.-P.), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark; Centre for Inflammation and Metabolism (J.M.V., M.J.L.), Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (J.M.-P.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden; and School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences (T.P.J.S.), Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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Ito D, Cao P, Kakihana T, Sato E, Suda C, Muroya Y, Ogawa Y, Hu G, Ishii T, Ito O, Kohzuki M, Kiyomoto H. Chronic Running Exercise Alleviates Early Progression of Nephropathy with Upregulation of Nitric Oxide Synthases and Suppression of Glycation in Zucker Diabetic Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138037. [PMID: 26379244 PMCID: PMC4574951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training is known to exert multiple beneficial effects including renal protection in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. However, the mechanisms regulating these actions remain unclear. The present study evaluated the effects of chronic running exercise on the early stage of diabetic nephropathy, focusing on nitric oxide synthase (NOS), oxidative stress and glycation in the kidneys of Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. Male ZDF rats (6 weeks old) underwent forced treadmill exercise for 8 weeks (Ex-ZDF). Sedentary ZDF (Sed-ZDF) and Zucker lean (Sed-ZL) rats served as controls. Exercise attenuated hyperglycemia (plasma glucose; 242 ± 43 mg/dL in Sed-ZDF and 115 ± 5 mg/dL in Ex-ZDF) with increased insulin secretion (plasma insulin; 2.3 ± 0.7 and 5.3 ± 0.9 ng/mL), reduced albumin excretion (urine albumin; 492 ± 70 and 176 ± 11 mg/g creatinine) and normalized creatinine clearance (9.7 ± 1.4 and 4.5 ± 0.8 mL/min per body weight) in ZDF rats. Endothelial (e) and neuronal (n) NOS expression in kidneys of Sed-ZDF rats were lower compared with Sed-ZL rats (p<0.01), while both eNOS and nNOS expression were upregulated by exercise (p<0.01). Furthermore, exercise decreased NADPH oxidase activity, p47phox expression (p<0.01) and α-oxoaldehydes (the precursors for advanced glycation end products) (p<0.01) in the kidneys of ZDF rats. Additionally, morphometric evidence indicated renal damage was reduced in response to exercise. These data suggest that upregulation of NOS expression, suppression of NADPH oxidase and α-oxoaldehydes in the kidneys may, at least in part, contribute to the renal protective effects of exercise in the early progression of diabetic nephropathy in ZDF rats. Moreover, this study supports the theory that chronic aerobic exercise could be recommended as an effective non-pharmacological therapy for renoprotection in the early stages of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ito
- Department of Miyagi Community Health Promotion, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Pengyu Cao
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kakihana
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Emiko Sato
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Chihiro Suda
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Muroya
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Ogawa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Gaizun Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ishii
- Department of Miyagi Community Health Promotion, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Osamu Ito
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kohzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideyasu Kiyomoto
- Department of Miyagi Community Health Promotion, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Integrated Nephrology and Telemedicine, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Zamora M, Pardo R, Villena JA. Pharmacological induction of mitochondrial biogenesis as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Biochem Pharmacol 2015. [PMID: 26212547 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Defects in mitochondrial oxidative function have been associated with the onset of type 2 diabetes. Although the causal relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and diabetes has not been fully established, numerous studies indicate that improved glucose homeostasis achieved via lifestyle interventions, such as exercise or calorie restriction, is tightly associated with increased mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative function. Therefore, it is conceivable that potentiating mitochondrial biogenesis by pharmacological means could constitute an efficacious therapeutic strategy that would particularly benefit those diabetic patients who cannot adhere to comprehensive programs based on changes in lifestyle or that require a relatively rapid improvement in their diabetic status. In this review, we discuss several pharmacological targets and drugs that modulate mitochondrial biogenesis as well as their potential use as treatments for insulin resistance and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mònica Zamora
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosario Pardo
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron-Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBER on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep A Villena
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Obesity, Vall d'Hebron-Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBER on Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain.
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45
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Baumgarner BL, Nagle AM, Quinn MR, Farmer AE, Kinsey ST. Dietary supplementation of β-guanidinopropionic acid (βGPA) reduces whole-body and skeletal muscle growth in young CD-1 mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 403:277-85. [PMID: 25701355 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2357-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity leads to enhanced fatty acid utilization, while also promoting increased ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis (UDP) in mammalian skeletal muscle. β-guanidinopropionic acid (βGPA) is a commercially available dietary supplement that has been shown to promote an AMPK-dependent increase in fatty acid utilization and aerobic capacity in mammals by compromising creatine kinase function. However, it remains unknown if continuous βGPA supplementation can negatively impact skeletal muscle growth in a rapidly growing juvenile. The current study was conducted to examine the effect of βGPA supplementation on whole-body and skeletal muscle growth in juvenile and young adult mice. Three-week old, post weanling CD-1 mice were fed a standard rodent chow that was supplemented with either 2% (w/w) α-cellulose (control) or βGPA. Control and βGPA-fed mice (n = 6) were sampled after 2, 4, and 8 weeks. Whole-body and hindlimb muscle masses were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in βGPA-fed mice by 2 weeks. The level of AMPK (T172) phosphorylation increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the gastrocnemius of βGPA-fed versus control mice at 2 weeks, but was not significantly different at the 4- and 8-week time points. Further analysis revealed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the skeletal muscle-specific ubiquitin ligase MAFbx/Atrogin-1 protein and total protein ubiquitination in the gastrocnemius of βGPA versus control mice at the 8-week time point. Our data indicate that feeding juvenile mice a βGPA-supplemented diet significantly reduced whole-body and skeletal muscle growth that was due, at least in part, to an AMPK-independent increase in UDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley L Baumgarner
- Division of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of South Carolina Upstate, 800 University Way, Spartanburg, SC, 29316, USA,
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Narendran P, Solomon TP, Kennedy A, Chimen M, Andrews RC. The time has come to test the beta cell preserving effects of exercise in patients with new onset type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2015; 58:10-8. [PMID: 25367458 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3412-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is characterised by immune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing beta cells. Significant beta cell function is usually present at the time of diagnosis with type 1 diabetes, and preservation of this function has important clinical benefits. The last 30 years have seen a number of largely unsuccessful trials for beta cell preservation, some of which have been of therapies that have potential for significant harm. There is a need to explore new, more tolerable approaches to preserving beta cell function that can be implemented on a large clinical scale. Here we review the evidence for physical exercise as a therapy for the preservation of beta cell function in patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. We highlight possible mechanisms by which exercise could preserve beta cell function and then present evidence from other models of diabetes that demonstrate that exercise preserves beta cell function. We conclude by proposing that there is now a need for studies to explore whether exercise can preserve beta cell in patients newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Narendran
- The Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK,
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47
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Al-Rewashdy H, Ljubicic V, Lin W, Renaud JM, Jasmin BJ. Utrophin A is essential in mediating the functional adaptations of mdx mouse muscle following chronic AMPK activation. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:1243-55. [PMID: 25324540 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by the absence of dystrophin along muscle fibers. An attractive therapeutic avenue for DMD consists in the upregulation of utrophin A, a protein with high sequence identity and functional redundancy with dystrophin. Recent work has shown that pharmacological interventions that induce a muscle fiber shift toward a slower, more oxidative phenotype with increased expression of utrophin A confer morphological and functional improvements in mdx mice. Whether such improvements result from the increased expression of utrophin A per se or are linked to other beneficial adaptations associated with the slow, oxidative phenotype remain to be established. To address this central issue, we capitalized on the use of double knockout (dKO) mice, which are mdx mice also deficient in utrophin. We first compared expression of signaling molecules and markers of the slow, oxidative phenotype in muscles of mdx versus dKO mice and found that both strains exhibit similar phenotypes. Chronic activation of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase with 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR) resulted in expression of a slower, more oxidative phenotype in both mdx and dKO mice. In mdx mice, this fiber type shift was accompanied by clear functional improvements that included reductions in central nucleation, IgM sarcoplasmic penetration and sarcolemmal damage resulting from eccentric contractions, as well as in increased grip strength. These important morphological and functional adaptations were not seen in AICAR-treated dKO mice. Our findings show the central role of utrophin A in mediating the functional benefits associated with expression of a slower, more oxidative phenotype in dystrophic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasanen Al-Rewashdy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vladimir Ljubicic
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-Marc Renaud
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernard J Jasmin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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48
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Almabrouk TAM, Ewart MA, Salt IP, Kennedy S. Perivascular fat, AMP-activated protein kinase and vascular diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:595-617. [PMID: 24490856 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is an active endocrine and paracrine organ that modulates vascular function, with implications for the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Adipocytes and stromal cells contained within PVAT produce mediators (adipokines, cytokines, reactive oxygen species and gaseous compounds) with a range of paracrine effects modulating vascular smooth muscle cell contraction, proliferation and migration. However, the modulatory effect of PVAT on the vascular system in diseases, such as obesity, hypertension and atherosclerosis, remains poorly characterized. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates adipocyte metabolism, adipose biology and vascular function, and hence may be a potential therapeutic target for metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the vascular complications associated with obesity and T2DM. The role of AMPK in PVAT or the actions of PVAT have yet to be established, however. Activation of AMPK by pharmacological agents, such as metformin and thiazolidinediones, may modulate the activity of PVAT surrounding blood vessels and thereby contribute to their beneficial effect in cardiometabolic diseases. This review will provide a current perspective on how PVAT may influence vascular function via AMPK. We will also attempt to demonstrate how modulating AMPK activity using pharmacological agents could be exploited therapeutically to treat cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A M Almabrouk
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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A small-molecule benzimidazole derivative that potently activates AMPK to increase glucose transport in skeletal muscle: comparison with effects of contraction and other AMPK activators. Biochem J 2014; 460:363-75. [PMID: 24665903 DOI: 10.1042/bj20131673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) is an attractive therapeutic drug target for treating metabolic disorders. We studied the effects of an AMPK activator developed by Merck (ex229 from patent application WO2010036613), comparing chemical activation with contraction in intact incubated skeletal muscles. We also compared effects of ex229 with those of the Abbott A769662 compound and AICAR (5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside). In rat epitrochlearis muscle, ex229 dose-dependently increased AMPK activity of α1-, α2-, β1- and β2-containing complexes with significant increases in AMPK activity seen at a concentration of 50 μM. At a concentration of 100 μM, AMPK activation was similar to that observed after contraction and importantly led to an ~2-fold increase in glucose uptake. In AMPK α1-/α2-catalytic subunit double-knockout myotubes incubated with ex229, the increases in glucose uptake and ACC (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) phosphorylation seen in control cells were completely abolished, suggesting that the effects of the compound were AMPK-dependent. When muscle glycogen levels were reduced by ~50% after starvation, ex229-induced AMPK activation and glucose uptake were amplified in a wortmannin-independent manner. In L6 myotubes incubated with ex229, fatty acid oxidation was increased. Furthermore, in mouse EDL (extensor digitorum longus) and soleus muscles, ex229 increased both AMPK activity and glucose uptake at least 2-fold. In summary, ex229 efficiently activated skeletal muscle AMPK and elicited metabolic effects in muscle appropriate for treating Type 2 diabetes by stimulating glucose uptake and increasing fatty acid oxidation.
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Caffeamide 36-13 Regulates the Antidiabetic and Hypolipidemic Signs of High-Fat-Fed Mice on Glucose Transporter 4, AMPK Phosphorylation, and Regulated Hepatic Glucose Production. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:821569. [PMID: 25140189 PMCID: PMC4130186 DOI: 10.1155/2014/821569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This study was to investigate the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of (E)-3-[3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl-1-(piperidin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one] (36-13) (TS), one of caffeic acid amide derivatives, on high-fat (HF-) fed mice. The C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the control (CON) group and the experimental group, which was firstly fed a HF diet for 8 weeks. Then, the HF group was subdivided into four groups and was given TS orally (including two doses) or rosiglitazone (Rosi) or vehicle for 4 weeks. Blood, skeletal muscle, and tissues were examined by measuring glycaemia and dyslipidemia-associated events. TS effectively prevented HF diet-induced increases in the levels of blood glucose, triglyceride, insulin, leptin, and free fatty acid (FFA) and weights of visceral fa; moreover, adipocytes in the visceral depots showed a reduction in size. TS treatment significantly increased the protein contents of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in skeletal muscle; TS also significantly enhanced Akt phosphorylation in liver, whereas it reduced the expressions of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase). Moreover, TS enhanced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (phospho-AMPK) both in skeletal muscle and liver tissue. Therefore, it is possible that the activation of AMPK by TS resulted in enhanced glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, contrasting with diminished gluconeogenesis in liver. TS exhibits hypolipidemic effect by decreasing the expressions of fatty acid synthase (FAS). Thus, antidiabetic properties of TS occurred as a result of decreased hepatic glucose production by PEPCK and G6Pase downregulation and improved insulin sensitization. Thus, amelioration of diabetic and dyslipidemic state by TS in HF-fed mice occurred by regulation of GLUT4, G6Pase, and FAS and phosphorylation of AMPK.
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