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Russo P, Palermo G, Iacovelli R, Ragonese M, Ciccarese C, Maioriello G, Fantasia F, Bizzarri FP, Marino F, Moosavi K, Nigro D, Filomena GB, Gavi F, Rossi F, Pinto F, Racioppi M, Foschi N. Comparison of PIV and Other Immune Inflammation Markers of Oncological and Survival Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:651. [PMID: 38339402 PMCID: PMC10854772 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is widely acknowledged as a significant characteristic of cancer, playing a substantial function in both the initiation and advancement of cancers. In this research, we planned to compare pan-immune inflammation markers and other well-known markers (systemic immune inflammation index and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio) to predict prognosis in individuals treated with radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. METHODS In this retrospective analysis, we focused on preoperative PIV, systemic immune inflammation index (SII), and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in 193 individuals managed with radical cystectomy for bladder cancer between January 2016 and November 2022. Multivariable logistic regression assessments were performed to assess the predictive capabilities of PIV, SII, and NLR for infiltration of lymph nodes (N), aggressive tumor stage (pT3/pT4), and any non-organ limited disease at the time of RC. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were conducted to assess the predictive impact of PIV on Relapse-free survival (RFS), Cancer-specific survival (CSS), and Overall survival (OS). RESULTS Our individuals were divided into high PIV and low PIV cohorts using the optimal cut-off value (340.96 × 109/L) based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for relapse-free survival. In multivariable preoperative logistic regression models, only SII and PIV correlated with the infiltration of lymph nodes, aggressive disease, and any non-organ confined disease. In multivariable Cox regression models considering presurgical clinicopathological variables, a higher PIV was associated with diminished RFS (p = 0.017) and OS (p = 0.029). In addition, in multivariable Cox regression models for postoperative outcomes, a high PIV correlated with both RFS (p = 0.034) and OS (p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that PIV and SII are two very similar markers that may serve as independent and significant predictors of aggressive disease and worse survival impacts on individuals undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Russo
- Department of Urology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.R.); (G.M.); (F.F.); (F.P.B.); (F.M.); (K.M.); (D.N.); (G.B.F.); (F.G.); (F.R.); (F.P.); (M.R.); (N.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Palermo
- Department of Urology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.R.); (G.M.); (F.F.); (F.P.B.); (F.M.); (K.M.); (D.N.); (G.B.F.); (F.G.); (F.R.); (F.P.); (M.R.); (N.F.)
| | - Roberto Iacovelli
- Department of Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.I.); (C.C.)
| | - Mauro Ragonese
- Department of Urology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.R.); (G.M.); (F.F.); (F.P.B.); (F.M.); (K.M.); (D.N.); (G.B.F.); (F.G.); (F.R.); (F.P.); (M.R.); (N.F.)
| | - Chiara Ciccarese
- Department of Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.I.); (C.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Maioriello
- Department of Urology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.R.); (G.M.); (F.F.); (F.P.B.); (F.M.); (K.M.); (D.N.); (G.B.F.); (F.G.); (F.R.); (F.P.); (M.R.); (N.F.)
| | - Fabrizio Fantasia
- Department of Urology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.R.); (G.M.); (F.F.); (F.P.B.); (F.M.); (K.M.); (D.N.); (G.B.F.); (F.G.); (F.R.); (F.P.); (M.R.); (N.F.)
| | - Francesco Pio Bizzarri
- Department of Urology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.R.); (G.M.); (F.F.); (F.P.B.); (F.M.); (K.M.); (D.N.); (G.B.F.); (F.G.); (F.R.); (F.P.); (M.R.); (N.F.)
| | - Filippo Marino
- Department of Urology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.R.); (G.M.); (F.F.); (F.P.B.); (F.M.); (K.M.); (D.N.); (G.B.F.); (F.G.); (F.R.); (F.P.); (M.R.); (N.F.)
| | - Koosha Moosavi
- Department of Urology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.R.); (G.M.); (F.F.); (F.P.B.); (F.M.); (K.M.); (D.N.); (G.B.F.); (F.G.); (F.R.); (F.P.); (M.R.); (N.F.)
| | - Domenico Nigro
- Department of Urology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.R.); (G.M.); (F.F.); (F.P.B.); (F.M.); (K.M.); (D.N.); (G.B.F.); (F.G.); (F.R.); (F.P.); (M.R.); (N.F.)
| | - Giovanni Battista Filomena
- Department of Urology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.R.); (G.M.); (F.F.); (F.P.B.); (F.M.); (K.M.); (D.N.); (G.B.F.); (F.G.); (F.R.); (F.P.); (M.R.); (N.F.)
| | - Filippo Gavi
- Department of Urology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.R.); (G.M.); (F.F.); (F.P.B.); (F.M.); (K.M.); (D.N.); (G.B.F.); (F.G.); (F.R.); (F.P.); (M.R.); (N.F.)
| | - Francesco Rossi
- Department of Urology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.R.); (G.M.); (F.F.); (F.P.B.); (F.M.); (K.M.); (D.N.); (G.B.F.); (F.G.); (F.R.); (F.P.); (M.R.); (N.F.)
| | - Francesco Pinto
- Department of Urology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.R.); (G.M.); (F.F.); (F.P.B.); (F.M.); (K.M.); (D.N.); (G.B.F.); (F.G.); (F.R.); (F.P.); (M.R.); (N.F.)
| | - Marco Racioppi
- Department of Urology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.R.); (G.M.); (F.F.); (F.P.B.); (F.M.); (K.M.); (D.N.); (G.B.F.); (F.G.); (F.R.); (F.P.); (M.R.); (N.F.)
| | - Nazario Foschi
- Department of Urology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.R.); (G.M.); (F.F.); (F.P.B.); (F.M.); (K.M.); (D.N.); (G.B.F.); (F.G.); (F.R.); (F.P.); (M.R.); (N.F.)
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Kim SJ, Hyun J. Altered lipid metabolism as a predisposing factor for liver metastasis in MASLD. Mol Cells 2024; 47:100010. [PMID: 38237744 PMCID: PMC10960132 DOI: 10.1016/j.mocell.2024.100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, the incidence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is increasing due to the high prevalence of metabolic conditions, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Steatotic liver is a hotspot for cancer metastasis in MASLD. Altered lipid metabolism, a hallmark of MASLD, remodels the tissue microenvironment, making it conducive to the growth of metastatic liver cancer. Tumors exacerbate the dysregulation of hepatic metabolism by releasing extracellular vesicles and particles into the liver. Altered lipid metabolism influences the proliferation, differentiation, and functions of immune cells, contributing to the formation of an immunosuppressive and metastasis-prone liver microenvironment in MASLD. This review discusses the mechanisms by which the steatotic liver promotes liver metastasis progression, focusing on its role in fostering an immunosuppressive microenvironment in MASLD. Furthermore, this review highlights lipid metabolism manipulation strategies for the therapeutic management of metastatic liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Jung Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongeun Hyun
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.
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Ballarò C, Quaranta V, Giannelli G. Colorectal Liver Metastasis: Can Cytokines Make the Difference? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5359. [PMID: 38001618 PMCID: PMC10670198 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Metastasis is the prime driver of CRC-related mortality, and the liver is the organ most frequently involved. Despite the overall success of current treatments, colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) is associated with poor prognoses and a survival rate of only 14%. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the crosstalk within it in determining the invasion of distant organs by circulating cancer cells. In the TME, cellular communication is mediated via soluble molecules, among which cytokines have recently emerged as key regulators, involved in every aspect of tumor progression and the metastatic cascade. Indeed, in the serum of CRC patients elevated levels of several cytokines are associated with cancer development and progression. The current review evaluates the role of different cytokines during CRLM development. Additionally, considering the increasing amount of data concerning the importance of cytokine complex networks, we outline the potential of combination treatments using targeted cytokines together with other well-established therapies, such as immune checkpoint blockades, chemotherapy, or gene therapy, to improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Ballarò
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology, IRCCS “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Valeria Quaranta
- Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, National Institute of Gastroenterology, IRCCS “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy;
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Scientific Direction, National Institute of Gastroenterology, IRCCS “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy;
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Starzonek S, Maar H, Mereiter S, Freytag V, Haider MT, Riecken K, Huang YL, Jacob F, Wicklein D, Schumacher U, Lange T. Identification of potential classes of glycoligands mediating dynamic endothelial adhesion of human tumor cells. Glycobiology 2023; 33:637-650. [PMID: 37486674 PMCID: PMC10560084 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
One critical step of metastasis formation is the extravasation of circulating tumor cells from the bloodstream. This process requires the dynamic interaction of cell adhesion molecules like E-selectin on endothelial cells with carbohydrate ligands on tumor cells. To characterize these glycans in a comprehensible approach, the rolling, tethering, and firm adhesion of nine human tumor cell lines on human umbilical vein endothelial cells was analyzed using laminar flow adhesion assays. The tumor cell lines were grouped into three subsets by their canonical E-selectin ligand status (sialyl-Lewis A and X +/+, -/+, -/-) and their adhesiveness was compared after enzymatic, pharmacologic, chemical treatment or antibody blockade of the tumor cells or endothelial cells, respectively. Tumor cells were also screened regarding their glycosyltransferase expression profile. We found that although E-selectin and terminal α2,3-sialic acid largely determined firm adhesion, adhesive events did not exclusively depend on the presence of sialyl-Lewis A and/or sialyl-Lewis X. Nevertheless, two of the three sialyl-Lewis A/X-/- tumor cells additionally or fully depended on vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 for firm adhesion. The significance of O-GalNAc- and N-glycans for adhesion varied remarkably among the tumor cells. The sialyl-Lewis A/X+/+ subset showed glycoprotein-independent adhesion, suggesting a role of glycolipids as well. All sialyl-Lewis A/X-/- tumor cells lacked FUT3 and FUT7 expression as opposed to sialyl-Lewis A/X+/+ or -/+ cell lines. In summary, the glycans on tumor cells mediating endothelial adhesion are not as much restricted to sialyl-Lewis A /X as previously assumed. The present study specifically suggests α2,3-linked sialic acid, O-GalNAc glycans, glycosphingolipids, and FUT3/FUT7 products as promising targets for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Starzonek
- Institute of Anatomy & Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Maar
- Institute of Anatomy & Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy I, University Hospital Jena, Teichgraben 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Central Germany (CCCG), 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Mereiter
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vera Freytag
- Institute of Anatomy & Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marie-Therese Haider
- Institute of Anatomy & Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristoffer Riecken
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yen-Lin Huang
- Ovarian Cancer Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francis Jacob
- Ovarian Cancer Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Wicklein
- Institute of Anatomy & Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Marburg, Robert-Koch-Strasse 8, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Udo Schumacher
- Institute of Anatomy & Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Medical School Berlin, Leipziger Platz 10, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Lange
- Institute of Anatomy & Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy I, University Hospital Jena, Teichgraben 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Central Germany (CCCG), 07743 Jena, Germany
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He K, Wang Z, Luo M, Li B, Ding N, Li L, He B, Wang H, Cao J, Huang C, Yang J, Chen HN. Metastasis organotropism in colorectal cancer: advancing toward innovative therapies. J Transl Med 2023; 21:612. [PMID: 37689664 PMCID: PMC10493031 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04460-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Distant metastasis remains a leading cause of mortality among patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Organotropism, referring to the propensity of metastasis to target specific organs, is a well-documented phenomenon in CRC, with the liver, lungs, and peritoneum being preferred sites. Prior to establishing premetastatic niches within host organs, CRC cells secrete substances that promote metastatic organotropism. Given the pivotal role of organotropism in CRC metastasis, a comprehensive understanding of its molecular underpinnings is crucial for biomarker-based diagnosis, innovative treatment development, and ultimately, improved patient outcomes. In this review, we focus on metabolic reprogramming, tumor-derived exosomes, the immune system, and cancer cell-organ interactions to outline the molecular mechanisms of CRC organotropic metastasis. Furthermore, we consider the prospect of targeting metastatic organotropism for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhihan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Maochao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ning Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Bo He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiangjun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Canhua Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650032, China.
| | - Hai-Ning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Colorectal Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Souza BDCE, Miyashiro D, Pincelli MS, Sanches JA. Cutaneous metastases from solid neoplasms - Literature review. An Bras Dermatol 2023; 98:571-579. [PMID: 37142464 PMCID: PMC10404505 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous metastases from solid tumors are uncommon events in clinical practice. Most of the time, the patient already has the diagnosis of a malignant neoplasm when the cutaneous metastasis is detected. However, in up to one-third of cases, cutaneous metastasis is identified before the primary tumor. Therefore, its identification may be essential for starting treatment, although it is usually indicative of poor prognosis. The diagnosis will depend on clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analysis. Sometimes the identification of the primary site is difficult; however, a thorough analysis using imaging tests and constant surveillance is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno de Castro E Souza
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Denis Miyashiro
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcella Soares Pincelli
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - José Antonio Sanches
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Lahooti B, Akwii RG, Zahra FT, Sajib MS, Lamprou M, Alobaida A, Lionakis MS, Mattheolabakis G, Mikelis CM. Targeting endothelial permeability in the EPR effect. J Control Release 2023; 361:212-235. [PMID: 37517543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of the primary tumor blood vessels and the tumor microenvironment drive the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, which confers an advantage towards enhanced delivery of anti-cancer nanomedicine and has shown beneficial effects in preclinical models. Increased vascular permeability is a landmark feature of the tumor vessels and an important driver of the EPR. The main focus of this review is the endothelial regulation of vascular permeability. We discuss current challenges of targeting vascular permeability towards clinical translation and summarize the structural components and mechanisms of endothelial permeability, the principal mediators and signaling players, the targeted approaches that have been used and their outcomes to date. We also critically discuss the effects of the tumor-infiltrating immune cells, their interplay with the tumor vessels and the impact of immune responses on nanomedicine delivery, the impact of anti-angiogenic and tumor-stroma targeting approaches, and desirable nanoparticle design approaches for greater translational benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Lahooti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Racheal G Akwii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Fatema Tuz Zahra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Md Sanaullah Sajib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Margarita Lamprou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Ahmed Alobaida
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - George Mattheolabakis
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA.
| | - Constantinos M Mikelis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece.
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Bied M, Ho WW, Ginhoux F, Blériot C. Roles of macrophages in tumor development: a spatiotemporal perspective. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:983-992. [PMID: 37429944 PMCID: PMC10468537 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are critical regulators of tissue homeostasis but are also abundant in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In both primary tumors and metastases, such tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) seem to support tumor development. While we know that TAMs are the dominant immune cells in the TME, their vast heterogeneity and associated functions are only just being unraveled. In this review, we outline the various known TAM populations found thus far and delineate their specialized roles associated with the main stages of cancer progression. We discuss how macrophages may prime the premetastatic niche to enable the growth of a metastasis and then how subsequent metastasis-associated macrophages can support secondary tumor growth. Finally, we speculate on the challenges that remain to be overcome in TAM research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Bied
- Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France
| | - William W Ho
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France.
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Camille Blériot
- Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France.
- Institut Necker des Enfants Malades, INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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Liu R, Zhao E, Yu H, Yuan C, Abbas MN, Cui H. Methylation across the central dogma in health and diseases: new therapeutic strategies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:310. [PMID: 37620312 PMCID: PMC10449936 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein is essential for cell-fate control, development, and health. Methylation of DNA, RNAs, histones, and non-histone proteins is a reversible post-synthesis modification that finetunes gene expression and function in diverse physiological processes. Aberrant methylation caused by genetic mutations or environmental stimuli promotes various diseases and accelerates aging, necessitating the development of therapies to correct the disease-driver methylation imbalance. In this Review, we summarize the operating system of methylation across the central dogma, which includes writers, erasers, readers, and reader-independent outputs. We then discuss how dysregulation of the system contributes to neurological disorders, cancer, and aging. Current small-molecule compounds that target the modifiers show modest success in certain cancers. The methylome-wide action and lack of specificity lead to undesirable biological effects and cytotoxicity, limiting their therapeutic application, especially for diseases with a monogenic cause or different directions of methylation changes. Emerging tools capable of site-specific methylation manipulation hold great promise to solve this dilemma. With the refinement of delivery vehicles, these new tools are well positioned to advance the basic research and clinical translation of the methylation field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Erhu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Huijuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chaoyu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China.
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Silk Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Chongqing, 400716, China.
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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10
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Shasha T, Gruijs M, van Egmond M. Mechanisms of colorectal liver metastasis development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:607. [PMID: 36436127 PMCID: PMC9701652 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04630-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, largely due to the development of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). For the establishment of CRLM, CRC cells must remodel their tumor-microenvironment (TME), avoid the immune system, invade the underlying stroma, survive the hostile environment of the circulation, extravasate into the liver, reprogram the hepatic microenvironment into a permissive pre-metastatic niche, and finally, awake from a dormant state to grow out into clinically detectable CRLM. These steps form part of the invasion-metastasis cascade that relies on reciprocal interactions between the tumor and its ever-changing microenvironment. Such interplay provides a strong rational for therapeutically targeting the TME. In fact, several TME constituents, such as VEGF, TGF-β coreceptor endoglin, and CXCR4, are already targeted in clinical trials. It is, however, of utmost importance to fully understand the complex interactions in the invasion-metastasis cascade to identify novel potential therapeutic targets and prevent the establishment of CRLM, which may ultimately greatly improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Shasha
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mandy Gruijs
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Egmond
- Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Surgery, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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11
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Liu C, Mohan SC, Wei J, Seki E, Liu M, Basho R, Giuliano AE, Zhao Y, Cui X. Breast cancer liver metastasis: Pathogenesis and clinical implications. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1043771. [PMID: 36387238 PMCID: PMC9641291 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1043771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease in female patients worldwide and can spread to almost every place in the human body, most frequently metastasizing to lymph nodes, bones, lungs, liver and brain. The liver is a common metastatic location for solid cancers as a whole, and it is also the third most common metastatic site for breast cancer. Breast cancer liver metastasis (BCLM) is a complex process. Although the hepatic microenvironment and liver sinusoidal structure are crucial factors for the initial arrest of breast cancer and progression within the liver, the biological basis of BCLM remains to be elucidated. Importantly, further understanding of the interaction between breast cancer cells and hepatic microenvironment in the liver metastasis of breast cancer will suggest ways for the development of effective therapy and prevention strategies for BCLM. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the hepatic microenvironment in BCLM formation and discuss current systemic therapies for treating patients with BCLM as well as potential therapeutic development based on the liver microenvironment-associated signaling proteins governing BCLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiwei Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Srivarshini C. Mohan
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jielin Wei
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ekihiro Seki
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Manran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Reva Basho
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- The Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Armando E. Giuliano
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yanxia Zhao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojiang Cui
- Department of Surgery, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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12
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Chen Y, Ye H, Tang J, Weng Y, Zhang J, Liu J. Case Report: First-Line Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Plus Chemotherapy for Oral Metastasis in a Patient with Ultra High-Risk Gestational Choriocarcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:1867-1875. [PMID: 35686158 PMCID: PMC9172735 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s351165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Choriocarcinoma (CC) tends to metastasize early into various organs and may exhibit peculiar clinical behaviors specific to metastases. Although chemotherapy has revolutionized the survival of most patients, the mortality rate remains high in cases at ultra high-risk, which may be associated with multiple organs involvement and intolerable toxicity resulting from combination chemotherapy. Here, we illustrate a 46-year-old woman patient with oral and lung lesions whose clinical and morphological heterogeneity misled the preliminary diagnosis. According to the initial pathological report of oral squamous cell carcinomas with lung metastasis and a combined positive score = 100, she received first-line immunotherapy plus two-drug chemotherapy, which obtained a surprisingly favourable outcome. Then, CC was identified by a high level of beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) in serum and biopsies. DNA polymorphic analysis revealed its gestational origin, and a more aggressive standard regimen was subsequently implemented. However, the patient suffered repeated vomiting and myelosuppression, and the duration of treatment was significantly prolonged. Ultimately, she succumbed to death. The clinical course of this report helps to improve the understanding of this disease. We consider immune checkpoint inhibitors as potential first-line alternatives for ultra-high-risk CC patients, which provide a therapeutic reference for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Ye
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiming Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yihan Weng
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Zhuhai City People’s Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Jie Zhang, Department of Radiology, Zhuhai City People’s Hospital/Zhuhai Hospital of Jinan University, 79 Kangning Road, Xiangzhou District, Zhuhai, 519000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 756 2222 569, Fax +86 756 2218 950, Email
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Oncology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Southern Medical University, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jianhua Liu, Department of Oncology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 123 Huifu Road West, Guangzhou, 510180, People’s Republic of China, Tel + 86 20 8188 4713, Fax + 86 20 8188 3300, Email
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13
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Medler J, Kucka K, Wajant H. Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 2 (TNFR2): An Emerging Target in Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112603. [PMID: 35681583 PMCID: PMC9179537 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the great success of TNF blockers in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and the identification of TNF as a factor that influences the development of tumors in many ways, the role of TNFR2 in tumor biology and its potential suitability as a therapeutic target in cancer therapy have long been underestimated. This has been fundamentally changed with the identification of TNFR2 as a regulatory T-cell (Treg)-stimulating factor and the general clinical breakthrough of immunotherapeutic approaches. However, considering TNFR2 as a sole immunosuppressive factor in the tumor microenvironment does not go far enough. TNFR2 can also co-stimulate CD8+ T-cells, sensitize some immune and tumor cells to the cytotoxic effects of TNFR1 and/or acts as an oncogene. In view of the wide range of cancer-associated TNFR2 activities, it is not surprising that both antagonists and agonists of TNFR2 are considered for tumor therapy and have indeed shown overwhelming anti-tumor activity in preclinical studies. Based on a brief summary of TNFR2 signaling and the immunoregulatory functions of TNFR2, we discuss here the main preclinical findings and insights gained with TNFR2 agonists and antagonists. In particular, we address the question of which TNFR2-associated molecular and cellular mechanisms underlie the observed anti-tumoral activities of TNFR2 agonists and antagonists.
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14
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Han S, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhang H, Meng S, Kong M, Liu X, Ma X. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of the Nucleus Pulposus Reveals Chondrocyte Differentiation and Regulation in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:824771. [PMID: 35265617 PMCID: PMC8899542 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.824771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleus pulposus (NP), a heterogeneous tissue, is an essential functional component of the intervertebral disc. However, NP cell development route and regulation mechanism in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) remain unknown. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of six NP samples with normal control, mild degeneration, and severe degeneration. Based on unbiased clustering of gene expression patterns from 30,300 single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified three cell lineage families of macrophages, endothelial, and chondrocyte cells and characterized seven chondrocyte subtypes, and defined two developmental pathways of the chondrocyte cell lineage families in the process of IVDD. Additionally, CellPhoneDB analysis revealed potential interactions between chondrocyte cells and other cells in IVDD. Chondrocytes in one of the differentiated orientations interact with macrophages and endothelial cells and have an inflammatory amplification effect, which were key factors causing IVDD. Collectively, these results revealed the dynamic cell landscape of IVDD development and offered new insights into the influence of NP cells differentiation on extracellular matrix homeostasis during degeneration, providing potential treatment targets for IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Han
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yiran Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianjuan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shengwei Meng
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng Kong
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- Department of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,970 Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Weihai, China
| | - Xuexiao Ma
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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15
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Marvin DL, Ten Dijke P, Ritsma L. An Experimental Liver Metastasis Mouse Model Suitable for Short and Long-Term Intravital Imaging. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e116. [PMID: 33961349 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a frequent site of cancer metastasis, but current treatment options for cancer patients with liver metastasis are limited, resulting in poor prognosis. Colonization of the liver by cancer cells is a multistep and temporally controlled process. Investigating this process in biological relevant settings in a dynamic manner may lead to new therapeutic avenues. Experimental mouse models of liver metastasis combined with high-resolution microscopy methods can facilitate study of the mechanisms that underlie the outgrowth of cancer cells in the liver. Intravital imaging can provide information on the behavior of tumor cells in their biological setting, in time frames of hours to days. In this unit, we describe the experimental induction of liver metastasis through administration of cancer cells into mice via mesenteric vein injection. The behavior of these injected cells can then be studied using intravital imaging by surgical exposure or through an abdominal imaging window. The approach is described for use with an upright multiphoton microscope, making it widely applicable. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Inducing liver metastasis through mesenteric vein injection Basic Protocol 2: Short-term imaging of tumor cells in mouse liver Basic Protocol 3: Long-term imaging of tumor cells in mouse liver using an abdominal imaging window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieuwke L Marvin
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Laila Ritsma
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
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16
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Coppo R, Orso F, Virga F, Dalmasso A, Baruffaldi D, Nie L, Clapero F, Dettori D, Quirico L, Grassi E, Defilippi P, Provero P, Valdembri D, Serini G, Sadeghi MM, Mazzone M, Taverna D. ESDN inhibits melanoma progression by blocking E-selectin expression in endothelial cells via STAT3. Cancer Lett 2021; 510:13-23. [PMID: 33862151 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An interactive crosstalk between tumor and stroma cells is essential for metastatic melanoma progression. We evidenced that ESDN/DCBLD2/CLCP1 plays a crucial role in endothelial cells during the spread of melanoma. Precisely, increased extravasation and metastasis formation were revealed in ESDN-null mice injected with melanoma cells, even if the primary tumor growth, vessel permeability, and angiogenesis were not enhanced. Interestingly, improved adhesion of melanoma cells to ESDN-depleted endothelial cells was observed, due to the presence of higher levels of E-selectin transcripts/proteins in ESDN-defective cells. In accordance with these results, anticorrelation was observed between ESDN and E-selectin in human endothelial cells. Most importantly, our data revealed that cimetidine, an E-selectin inhibitor, was able to block cell adhesion, extravasation, and metastasis formation in ESDN-null mice, underlying a major role of ESDN in E-selectin transcription upregulation, which according to our data, may presumably be linked to STAT3. Based on our results, we propose a protective role for ESDN during the spread of melanoma and reveal its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Coppo
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Orso
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Federico Virga
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alberto Dalmasso
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Desirée Baruffaldi
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Lei Nie
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Fabiana Clapero
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO) Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 10060, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniela Dettori
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Lorena Quirico
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Grassi
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Defilippi
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Provero
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Donatella Valdembri
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO) Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 10060, Candiolo, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, 10060, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Guido Serini
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO) Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 10060, Candiolo, Torino, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, 10060, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Mehran M Sadeghi
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniela Taverna
- Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Dept. Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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17
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Poturnajova M, Furielova T, Balintova S, Schmidtova S, Kucerova L, Matuskova M. Molecular features and gene expression signature of metastatic colorectal cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2021; 45:10. [PMID: 33649827 PMCID: PMC7876998 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.7961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrollable metastatic outgrowth process is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, even in the case of colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for approximately 10% of all annually diagnosed cancers and 50% of CRC patients will develop metastases in the course of disease. Most patients with metastatic CRC have incurable disease. Even if patients undergo resection of liver metastases, the 5‑year survival rate ranges from 25 to 58%. Next‑generation sequencing of tumour specimens from large colorectal cancer patient cohorts has led to major advances in elucidating the genomic landscape of these tumours and paired metastases. The expression profiles of primary CRC and their metastatic lesions at both the gene and pathway levels were compared and led to the selection of early driver genes responsible for carcinogenesis and metastasis‑specific genes that increased the metastatic process. The genetic, transcriptional and epigenetic alteration encoded by these genes and their combination influence many pivotal signalling pathways, enabling the dissemination and outgrowth in distant organs. Therapeutic regimens affecting several different active pathways may have important implications for therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Poturnajova
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, University Science Park for Biomedicine, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tatiana Furielova
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sona Balintova
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Silvia Schmidtova
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, University Science Park for Biomedicine, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81499 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Kucerova
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, University Science Park for Biomedicine, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Matuskova
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of Slovak Academy of Sciences, University Science Park for Biomedicine, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
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18
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Tumor Microenvironment in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The Arbitrator in Patients' Outcome. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051130. [PMID: 33800796 PMCID: PMC7961499 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer accounts for approximately 10% of all annually diagnosed cancers worldwide being liver metastasis, the most common cause of death in patients with colorectal cancer. The interplay between tumor and stromal cells in the primary tumor microenvironment and at distant metastases are rising in importance as potential mechanisms of the tumor progression. In this review we discuss the new biomarkers derived from tumor microenvironment and liquid biopsy as emerging prognostic and treatments response markers for metastatic colorectal cancer. We also review the developing new clinical strategies based on tumor microenvironmental cells to tackle metastatic disease in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in western countries. Its mortality rate varies greatly, depending on the stage of the disease. The main cause of CRC mortality is metastasis, which most commonly affects the liver. The role of tumor microenvironment in tumor initiation, progression and metastasis development has been widely studied. In this review we summarize the role of the tumor microenvironment in the liver pre-metastatic niche formation, paying attention to the distant cellular crosstalk mediated by exosomes. Moreover, and based on the prognostic and predictive capacity of alterations in the stromal compartment of tumors, we describe the role of tumor microenvironment cells and related liquid biopsy biomarkers in the delivery of precise medication for metastatic CRC. Finally, we evaluate the different clinical strategies to prevent and treat liver metastatic disease, based on the targeting of the tumor microenvironment. Specifically, targeting angiogenesis pathways and regulating immune response are two important research pipelines that are being widely developed and promise great benefits.
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19
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Cheng X, Cheng K. Visualizing cancer extravasation: from mechanistic studies to drug development. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:71-88. [PMID: 33156478 PMCID: PMC7897269 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09942-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is a multistep process that accounts for the majority of cancer-related death. By the end of metastasize dissemination, circulating tumor cells (CTC) need to extravasate the blood vessels at metastatic sites to form new colonization. Although cancer cell extravasation is a crucial step in cancer metastasis, it has not been successfully targeted by current anti-metastasis strategies due to the lack of a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate this process. This review focuses on recent progress in cancer extravasation visualization techniques, including the development of both in vitro and in vivo cancer extravasation models, that shed light on the underlying mechanisms. Specifically, multiple cancer extravasation stages, such as the adhesion to the endothelium and transendothelial migration, are successfully probed using these technologies. Moreover, the roles of different cell adhesive molecules, chemokines, and growth factors, as well as the mechanical factors in these stages are well illustrated. Deeper understandings of cancer extravasation mechanisms offer us new opportunities to escalate the discovery of anti-extravasation drugs and therapies and improve the prognosis of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Cheng
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University & University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Ke Cheng
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University & University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.
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20
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Brodt P. Surviving host innate immunity: Cancer cells can turn a deadly assault into an advantage. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:1601-1603. [PMID: 23264907 PMCID: PMC3525616 DOI: 10.4161/onci.21424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The entry of metastatic cancer cells into the liver can trigger a rapid inflammatory response with increased local production of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). We investigated the molecular mechanisms that protect tumor cells from TNFα-induced apoptosis. A molecular crosstalk between the TNFα/TNFR/NFκB and IGF-IR/PI3-K/AKT pathways was identified that leads to autocrine IL-6/IL-6R/STAT3 signaling, rendering tumor cells resistant to cell death and enabling the metastatic colonization of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pnina Brodt
- Departments of Surgery; Medicine and Oncology; McGill University; Montreal, Canada
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21
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Badia-Ramentol J, Linares J, Gómez-Llonin A, Calon A. Minimal Residual Disease, Metastasis and Immunity. Biomolecules 2021; 11:130. [PMID: 33498251 PMCID: PMC7909268 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Progression from localized to metastatic disease requires cancer cells spreading to distant organs through the bloodstream. Only a small proportion of these circulating tumor cells (CTCs) survives dissemination due to anoikis, shear forces and elimination by the immune system. However, all metastases originate from CTCs capable of surviving and extravasating into distant tissue to re-initiate a tumor. Metastasis initiation is not always immediate as disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) may enter a non-dividing state of cell dormancy. Cancer dormancy is a reversible condition that can be maintained for many years without being clinically detectable. Subsequently, late disease relapses are thought to be due to cancer cells ultimately escaping from dormant state. Cancer dormancy is usually associated with minimal residual disease (MRD), where DTCs persist after intended curative therapy. Thus, MRD is commonly regarded as an indicator of poor prognosis in all cancers. In this review, we examine the current understanding of MRD and immunity during cancer progression to metastasis and discuss clinical perspectives for oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexandre Calon
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (J.B.-R.); (J.L.); (A.G.-L.)
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22
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Boulter L, Bullock E, Mabruk Z, Brunton VG. The fibrotic and immune microenvironments as targetable drivers of metastasis. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:27-36. [PMID: 33239677 PMCID: PMC7782519 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01172-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although substantial progress has been made over the past 40 years in treating patients with cancer, effective therapies for those who are diagnosed with advanced metastatic disease are still few and far between. Cancer cells do not exist in isolation: rather, they exist within a complex microenvironment composed of stromal cells and extracellular matrix. Within this tumour microenvironment exists an interplay between the two main stromal cell subtypes, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and immune cells, that are important in controlling metastasis. A complex network of paracrine signalling pathways between CAFs, immune cells and tumour cells are involved at multiple stages of the metastatic process, from invasion and intravasation at the primary tumour site to extravasation and colonisation in the metastatic site. Heterogeneity and plasticity within stromal cell populations also contribute to the complexity. Although many of these processes are likely to be common to a number of metastatic sites, we will describe in detail the interplay within the liver, a preferred site of metastasis for many tumours. A greater understanding of these networks provides opportunities for the design of new therapeutic approaches for targeting the metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Boulter
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Esme Bullock
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Zeanap Mabruk
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Valerie G Brunton
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
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23
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Wilkinson AL, Qurashi M, Shetty S. The Role of Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells in the Axis of Inflammation and Cancer Within the Liver. Front Physiol 2020; 11:990. [PMID: 32982772 PMCID: PMC7485256 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) form a unique barrier between the liver sinusoids and the underlying parenchyma, and thus play a crucial role in maintaining metabolic and immune homeostasis, as well as actively contributing to disease pathophysiology. Whilst their endocytic and scavenging function is integral for nutrient exchange and clearance of waste products, their capillarisation and dysfunction precedes fibrogenesis. Furthermore, their ability to promote immune tolerance and recruit distinct immunosuppressive leukocyte subsets can allow persistence of chronic viral infections and facilitate tumour development. In this review, we present the immunological and barrier functions of LSEC, along with their role in orchestrating fibrotic processes which precede tumourigenesis. We also summarise the role of LSEC in modulating the tumour microenvironment, and promoting development of a pre-metastatic niche, which can drive formation of secondary liver tumours. Finally, we summarise closely inter-linked disease pathways which collectively perpetuate pathogenesis, highlighting LSEC as novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shishir Shetty
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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24
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Izraely S, Witz IP. Site-specific metastasis: A cooperation between cancer cells and the metastatic microenvironment. Int J Cancer 2020; 148:1308-1322. [PMID: 32761606 PMCID: PMC7891572 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The conclusion derived from the information provided in this review is that disseminating tumor cells (DTC) collaborate with the microenvironment of a future metastatic organ site in the establishment of organ‐specific metastasis. We review the basic principles of site‐specific metastasis and the contribution of the cross talk between DTC and the microenvironment of metastatic sites (metastatic microenvironment [MME]) to the establishment of the organ‐specific premetastatic niche; the targeted migration of DTC to the endothelium of the future organ‐specific metastasis; the transmigration of DTC to this site and the seeding and colonization of DTC in their future MME. We also discuss the role played by DTC‐MME interactions on tumor dormancy and on the differential response of tumor cells residing in different MMEs to antitumor therapy. Finally, we summarize some studies dealing with the effects of the MME on a unique site‐specific metastasis—brain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Izraely
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Isaac P Witz
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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25
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Kamal Y, Schmit SL, Frost HR, Amos CI. The tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer metastases: opportunities in cancer immunotherapy. Immunotherapy 2020; 12:1083-1100. [PMID: 32787587 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2020-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
About a fifth of individuals with colorectal cancer (CRC) present with disease metastasis at the time of diagnosis. While the role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in governing CRC progression is undeniable, the role of the TME in either establishing or suppressing the formation of distant metastases of CRC is less well established. Despite advances in immunotherapy, many individuals with metastatic CRC do not respond to standard-of-care therapy. Therefore, understanding the role of the TME in establishing distant metastases is essential for developing new immunological agents. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the TME of CRC metastases, describe differences between the TME of primary tumors and their distant metastases, and discuss advances in the design and combinations of immunotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Kamal
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.,Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Stephanie L Schmit
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Hildreth Robert Frost
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.,Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.,Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.,Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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26
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Inflammation in Primary and Metastatic Liver Tumorigenesis-Under the Influence of Alcohol and High-Fat Diets. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040933. [PMID: 32230953 PMCID: PMC7230665 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver plays an outsized role in oncology. Liver tumors are one of the most frequently found tumors in cancer patients and these arise from either primary or metastatic disease. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most prevalent form of primary liver cancer and the 6th most common cancer type overall, is expected to become the 3rd leading cause of cancer mortality in the US by the year 2030. The liver is also the most common site of distant metastasis from solid tumors. For instance, colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasizes to the liver in two-thirds of cases, and CRC liver metastasis is the leading cause of mortality in these patients. The interplay between inflammation and cancer is unmistakably evident in the liver. In nearly every case, HCC is diagnosed in chronic liver disease (CLD) and cirrhosis background. The consumption of a Western-style high-fat diet is a major risk factor for the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), both of which are becoming more prevalent in parallel with the obesity epidemic. Excessive alcohol intake also contributes significantly to the CLD burden in the form of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Inflammation is a key component in the development of all CLDs. Additionally, during the development of liver metastasis, pro-inflammatory signaling is crucial in eliminating invading cancer cells but ironically also helps foster a pro-metastatic environment that supports metastatic seeding and colonization. Here we review how Westernized high-fat diets and excessive alcohol intake can influence inflammation within the liver microenvironment, stimulating both primary and metastatic liver tumorigenesis.
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27
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Liver Bioreactor Design Issues of Fluid Flow and Zonation, Fibrosis, and Mechanics: A Computational Perspective. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:jfb11010013. [PMID: 32121053 PMCID: PMC7151609 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering, with the goal of repairing or replacing damaged tissue and organs, has continued to make dramatic science-based advances since its origins in the late 1980’s and early 1990’s. Such advances are always multi-disciplinary in nature, from basic biology and chemistry through physics and mathematics to various engineering and computer fields. This review will focus its attention on two topics critical for tissue engineering liver development: (a) fluid flow, zonation, and drug screening, and (b) biomechanics, tissue stiffness, and fibrosis, all within the context of 3D structures. First, a general overview of various bioreactor designs developed to investigate fluid transport and tissue biomechanics is given. This includes a mention of computational fluid dynamic methods used to optimize and validate these designs. Thereafter, the perspective provided by computer simulations of flow, reactive transport, and biomechanics responses at the scale of the liver lobule and liver tissue is outlined, in addition to how bioreactor-measured properties can be utilized in these models. Here, the fundamental issues of tortuosity and upscaling are highlighted, as well as the role of disease and fibrosis in these issues. Some idealized simulations of the effects of fibrosis on lobule drug transport and mechanics responses are provided to further illustrate these concepts. This review concludes with an outline of some practical applications of tissue engineering advances and how efficient computational upscaling techniques, such as dual continuum modeling, might be used to quantify the transition of bioreactor results to the full liver scale.
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28
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Pastorino U, Tagliabue E. Non-Human Determinants of Lung Cancer Outcome: A Target for Inhibition of Pro-Metastatic Effect of Surgery, Triggered by Postoperative Bacterial Pneumonia. J Thorac Oncol 2019; 14:2039-2041. [PMID: 31757372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Pastorino
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.
| | - Elda Tagliabue
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
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29
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Wettschureck N, Strilic B, Offermanns S. Passing the Vascular Barrier: Endothelial Signaling Processes Controlling Extravasation. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1467-1525. [PMID: 31140373 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00037.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A central function of the vascular endothelium is to serve as a barrier between the blood and the surrounding tissue of the body. At the same time, solutes and cells have to pass the endothelium to leave or to enter the bloodstream to maintain homeostasis. Under pathological conditions, for example, inflammation, permeability for fluid and cells is largely increased in the affected area, thereby facilitating host defense. To appropriately function as a regulated permeability filter, the endothelium uses various mechanisms to allow solutes and cells to pass the endothelial layer. These include transcellular and paracellular pathways of which the latter requires remodeling of intercellular junctions for its regulation. This review provides an overview on endothelial barrier regulation and focuses on the endothelial signaling mechanisms controlling the opening and closing of paracellular pathways for solutes and cells such as leukocytes and metastasizing tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Wettschureck
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany ; and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Boris Strilic
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany ; and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany ; and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
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30
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Liang Y, Zhang H, Song X, Yang Q. Metastatic heterogeneity of breast cancer: Molecular mechanism and potential therapeutic targets. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 60:14-27. [PMID: 31421262 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women throughout the world and is the major cause of most cancer-related deaths. Several explanations account for the high rate of mortality of breast cancer, and metastasis to vital organs is identified as the principal cause. Over the past few years, intensive efforts have demonstrated that breast cancer exhibits metastatic heterogeneity with distinct metastatic precedence to various organs, giving rise to differences in prognoses and responses to therapy in breast cancer patients. Bone, lung, liver, and brain are generally accepted as the primary target sites of breast cancer metastasis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of metastatic heterogeneity of breast cancer remains to be further elucidated. Recently, the advent of novel genomic and pathologic approaches as well as technological breakthroughs in imaging analysis and animal modelling have yielded an unprecedented change in our understanding of the heterogeneity of breast cancer metastasis and provided novel insight for establishing more effective therapeutics. This review summarizes recent molecular mechanisms and emerging concepts on the metastatic heterogeneity of breast cancer and discusses the potential of identifying specific molecules against tumor cells or tumor microenvironments to thwart the development of metastatic disease and improve the prognosis of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Liang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Xiaojin Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Qifeng Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China; Pathology Tissue Bank, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China.
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31
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Rayes RF, Mouhanna JG, Nicolau I, Bourdeau F, Giannias B, Rousseau S, Quail D, Walsh L, Sangwan V, Bertos N, Cools-Lartigue J, Ferri LE, Spicer JD. Primary tumors induce neutrophil extracellular traps with targetable metastasis promoting effects. JCI Insight 2019; 5:128008. [PMID: 31343990 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.128008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting the dynamic tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) can provide effective therapeutic strategies for cancer. Neutrophils are the predominant leukocyte population in mice and humans, and mounting evidence implicates these cells during tumor growth and metastasis. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are networks of extracellular neutrophil DNA fibers that are capable of binding tumor cells to support metastatic progression. Here we demonstrate for the first time that circulating NET levels are elevated in advanced esophageal, gastric and lung cancer patients compared to healthy controls. Using pre-clinical murine models of lung and colon cancer in combination with intravital video microscopy, we show that NETs functionally regulate disease progression and that blocking NETosis through multiple strategies significantly inhibits spontaneous metastasis to the lung and liver. Further, we visualize how inhibiting tumor-induced NETs decreases cancer cell adhesion to liver sinusoids following intrasplenic injection - a mechanism previously thought to be driven primarily by exogenous stimuli. Thus, in addition to neutrophil abundance, the functional contribution of NETosis within the TIME has critical translational relevance and represents a promising target to impede metastatic dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni F Rayes
- Cancer Research Program and the LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Center (MUHC), Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jack G Mouhanna
- Cancer Research Program and the LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Center (MUHC), Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ioana Nicolau
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - France Bourdeau
- Cancer Research Program and the LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Center (MUHC), Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Betty Giannias
- Cancer Research Program and the LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Center (MUHC), Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Simon Rousseau
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University and the MUHC, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniela Quail
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Logan Walsh
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Veena Sangwan
- Cancer Research Program and the LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Center (MUHC), Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicholas Bertos
- Cancer Research Program and the LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Center (MUHC), Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jonathan Cools-Lartigue
- Cancer Research Program and the LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Center (MUHC), Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lorenzo E Ferri
- Cancer Research Program and the LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Center (MUHC), Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Spicer
- Cancer Research Program and the LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Center (MUHC), Montreal, Québec, Canada
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32
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Chen MB, Kamm RD, Moeendarbary E. Engineered Models of Metastasis with Application to Study Cancer Biomechanics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1092:189-207. [PMID: 30368754 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-95294-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional complex biomechanical interactions occur from the initial steps of tumor formation to the later phases of cancer metastasis. Conventional monolayer cultures cannot recapitulate the complex microenvironment and chemical and mechanical cues that tumor cells experience during their metastatic journey, nor the complexity of their interactions with other, noncancerous cells. As alternative approaches, various engineered models have been developed to recapitulate specific features of each step of metastasis with tunable microenvironments to test a variety of mechanistic hypotheses. Here the main recent advances in the technologies that provide deeper insight into the process of cancer dissemination are discussed, with an emphasis on three-dimensional and mechanical factors as well as interactions between multiple cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle B Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Emad Moeendarbary
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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33
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Inflamed neutrophils sequestered at entrapped tumor cells via chemotactic confinement promote tumor cell extravasation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:7022-7027. [PMID: 29915060 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1715932115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation occurring around the course of tumor progression and treatment are often correlated with adverse oncological outcomes. As such, it is suspected that neutrophils, the first line of defense against infection, may play important roles in linking inflammation and metastatic seeding. To decipher the dynamic roles of inflamed neutrophils during hematogenous dissemination, we employ a multiplexed microfluidic model of the human microvasculature enabling physiologically relevant transport of circulating cells combined with real-time, high spatial resolution observation of heterotypic cell-cell interactions. LPS-stimulated neutrophils (PMNs) and tumor cells (TCs) form heterotypic aggregates under flow, and arrest due to both mechanical trapping and neutrophil-endothelial adhesions. Surprisingly, PMNs are not static following aggregation, but exhibit a confined migration pattern near TC-PMN clusters. We discover that PMNs are chemotactically confined by self-secreted IL-8 and tumor-derived CXCL-1, which are immobilized by the endothelial glycocalyx. This results in significant neutrophil sequestration with arrested tumor cells, leading to the spatial localization of neutrophil-derived IL-8, which also contributes to increasing the extravasation potential of adjacent tumor cells through modulation of the endothelial barrier. Strikingly similar migration patterns and extravasation behaviors were also observed in an in vivo zebrafish model upon PMN-tumor cell coinjection into the embryo vasculature. These insights into the temporal dynamics of intravascular tumor-PMN interactions elucidate the mechanisms through which inflamed neutrophils can exert proextravasation effects at the distant metastatic site.
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34
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Keirsse J, Van Damme H, Geeraerts X, Beschin A, Raes G, Van Ginderachter JA. The role of hepatic macrophages in liver metastasis. Cell Immunol 2018; 330:202-215. [PMID: 29661474 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The liver is a major target organ for metastasis of both gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal cancers. Due to its frequently inoperable nature, liver metastasis represents a leading cause of cancer-associated death worldwide. In the past years, the pivotal role of the immune system in this process is being increasingly recognised. In particular, the role of the hepatic macrophages, both recruited monocyte-derived macrophages (Mo-Mfs) and tissue-resident Kupffer cells (KCs), has been shown to be more versatile than initially imagined. However, the lack of tools to easily distinguish between these two macrophage populations has hampered the assignment of particular functionalities to specific hepatic macrophage subsets. In this Review, we highlight the most remarkable findings regarding the origin and functions of hepatic macrophage populations, and we provide a detailed description of their distinct roles in the different phases of the liver metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Keirsse
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium; Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Helena Van Damme
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium; Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xenia Geeraerts
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium; Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alain Beschin
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium; Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geert Raes
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium; Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium; Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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Cheng J, Song X, Ao L, Chen R, Chi M, Guo Y, Zhang J, Li H, Zhao W, Guo Z, Wang X. Shared liver-like transcriptional characteristics in liver metastases and corresponding primary colorectal tumors. J Cancer 2018; 9:1500-1505. [PMID: 29721060 PMCID: PMC5929095 DOI: 10.7150/jca.23017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims: Primary tumors of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) with liver metastasis might gain some liver-specific characteristics to adapt the liver micro-environment. This study aims to reveal potential liver-like transcriptional characteristics associated with the liver metastasis in primary colorectal carcinoma. Methods: Among the genes up-regulated in normal liver tissues versus normal colorectal tissues, we identified “liver-specific” genes whose expression levels ranked among the bottom 10% (“unexpressed”) of all measured genes in both normal colorectal tissues and primary colorectal tumors without metastasis. These liver-specific genes were investigated for their expressions in both the primary tumors and the corresponding liver metastases of seven primary CRC patients with liver metastasis using microdissected samples. Results: Among the 3958 genes detected to be up-regulated in normal liver tissues versus normal colorectal tissues, we identified 12 liver-specific genes and found two of them, ANGPTL3 and CFHR5, were unexpressed in microdissected primary colorectal tumors without metastasis but expressed in both microdissected liver metastases and corresponding primary colorectal tumors (Fisher's exact test, P < 0.05). Genes co-expressed with ANGPTL3 and CFHR5 were significantly enriched in metabolism pathways characterizing liver tissues, including “starch and sucrose metabolism” and “drug metabolism-cytochrome P450”. Conclusions: For primary CRC with liver metastasis, both the liver metastases and corresponding primary colorectal tumors may express some liver-specific genes which may help the tumor cells adapt the liver micro-environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Xuekun Song
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Lu Ao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Rou Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Meirong Chi
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - You Guo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Hongdong Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhao
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.,Department of Systems Biology, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Xianlong Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Medical Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
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p38 activation induces production of miR-146a and miR-31 to repress E-selectin expression and inhibit transendothelial migration of colon cancer cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2334. [PMID: 29402939 PMCID: PMC5799178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20837-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extravasation of circulating cancer cells determines their metastatic potential. This process is initiated by the adhesion of cancer cells to vascular endothelial cells through specific interactions between endothelial adhesion receptors such as E-selectin and their ligands on cancer cells. In the present study, we show that miR-146a and miR-181b impede the expression of E-selectin by repressing the activity of its transcription factor NF-κB, thereby impairing the metastatic potentials of colon cancer cells by decreasing their adhesion to, and migration through, the endothelium. Among the two microRNAs, only miR-146a is activated by IL-1β, through the activation of p38, ERK and JNK MAP kinases, as well as their downstream transcription factors GATA2, c-Fos and c-Jun. Inhibiting p38 MAP kinase increases NF-κB activity, at least partially via miR-146a. Inhibiting p38 also increases the expression of E-selectin at the post-transcriptional level via decreasing miR-31, which targets E-selectin mRNA and also depends on p38 for its expression. In response to IL-1β, p38 MAP kinase hence represses the expression of E-selectin at the transcriptional and the post-transcriptional levels, via miR-146a and miR-31, respectively. These results highlight novel mechanisms by which p38 downregulates the expression of E-selectin through different microRNAs following inflammatory stimuli associated to cancer progression.
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37
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Giannou AD, Marazioti A, Kanellakis NI, Giopanou I, Lilis I, Zazara DE, Ntaliarda G, Kati D, Armenis V, Giotopoulou GA, Krontira AC, Lianou M, Agalioti T, Vreka M, Papageorgopoulou M, Fouzas S, Kardamakis D, Psallidas I, Spella M, Stathopoulos GT. NRAS destines tumor cells to the lungs. EMBO Mol Med 2017; 9:672-686. [PMID: 28341702 PMCID: PMC5697015 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The lungs are frequently affected by cancer metastasis. Although NRAS mutations have been associated with metastatic potential, their exact role in lung homing is incompletely understood. We cross-examined the genotype of various tumor cells with their ability for automatic pulmonary dissemination, modulated NRAS expression using RNA interference and NRAS overexpression, identified NRAS signaling partners by microarray, and validated them using Cxcr1- and Cxcr2-deficient mice. Mouse models of spontaneous lung metastasis revealed that mutant or overexpressed NRAS promotes lung colonization by regulating interleukin-8-related chemokine expression, thereby initiating interactions between tumor cells, the pulmonary vasculature, and myeloid cells. Our results support a model where NRAS-mutant, chemokine-expressing circulating tumor cells target the CXCR1-expressing lung vasculature and recruit CXCR2-expressing myeloid cells to initiate metastasis. We further describe a clinically relevant approach to prevent NRAS-driven pulmonary metastasis by inhibiting chemokine signaling. In conclusion, NRAS promotes the colonization of the lungs by various tumor types in mouse models. IL-8-related chemokines, NRAS signaling partners in this process, may constitute an important therapeutic target against pulmonary involvement by cancers of other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios D Giannou
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Antonia Marazioti
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Nikolaos I Kanellakis
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Ioanna Giopanou
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Ioannis Lilis
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Dimitra E Zazara
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Giannoula Ntaliarda
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Danai Kati
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Vasileios Armenis
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Georgia A Giotopoulou
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Anthi C Krontira
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Marina Lianou
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Theodora Agalioti
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Malamati Vreka
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Papageorgopoulou
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Sotirios Fouzas
- Pneumology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kardamakis
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Stereotactic Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Ioannis Psallidas
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece.,Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Magda Spella
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Georgios T Stathopoulos
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece .,Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
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Chandrasekaran A, Kalashnikov N, Rayes R, Wang C, Spicer J, Moraes C. Thermal scribing to prototype plastic microfluidic devices, applied to study the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:2003-2012. [PMID: 28524191 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00356k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Innovation in microfluidics-based biological research has been aided by the growing accessibility of versatile microscale fabrication techniques, particularly in rapid prototyping of elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based devices. However, the use of PDMS presents considerable and often unexpected limitations, particularly in interpreting and validating biological data. To rapidly prototype microfluidic culture systems in conventional plastics commonly used in cell culture, we developed 'thermal scribing', a one-step micromachining technique in which thermoplastics are locally patterned by a heated tip, moving in user-controlled patterns. To demonstrate and study the thermal scribing process, we modified an inexpensive desktop hobby craft cutter with a soldering iron to scribe micropatterns on polystyrene substrates. The thermal scribing technique is useful for creating a variety of channel profiles and geometries, which cannot be readily achieved using other microfabrication approaches. The entire fabrication process, including post-processing operations needed to fabricate devices, can be completed within a few hours without the need for skilled engineering expertise or expensive equipment. We apply this technique to demonstrate that induction of functional neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can be significantly enhanced over previous studies, when experiments are conducted in microfluidic channels prototyped in an appropriate material. These results ultimately inform the design of neutrophil culture systems and suggest that the inherent ability of neutrophils to form NETs may have been significantly under-reported.
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Control of metastatic niche formation by targeting APBA3/Mint3 in inflammatory monocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E4416-E4424. [PMID: 28507122 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1703171114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is intricately orchestrated by both cancer and normal cells, such as endothelial cells and macrophages. Monocytes/macrophages, which are often co-opted by cancer cells and promote tumor malignancy, acquire more than half of their energy from glycolysis even during normoxic conditions. This glycolytic activity is maintained during normoxia by the functions of hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) and its activator APBA3. The mechanism by which APBA3 inhibition partially suppresses macrophage function and affects cancer metastasis is of interest in view of avoidance of the adverse effects of complete suppression of macrophage function during therapy. Here, we report that APBA3-deficient mice show reduced metastasis, with no apparent effect on primary tumor growth. APBA3 deficiency in inflammatory monocytes, which strongly express the chemokine receptor CCR2 and are recruited toward chemokine CCL2 from metastatic sites, hampers glycolysis-dependent chemotaxis of cells toward metastatic sites and inhibits VEGFA expression, similar to the effects observed with HIF-1 deficiency. Host APBA3 induces VEGFA-mediated E-selectin expression in the endothelial cells of target organs, thereby promoting extravasation of cancer cells and micrometastasis formation. Administration of E-selectin-neutralizing antibody also abolished host APBA3-mediated metastatic formation. Thus, targeting APBA3 is useful for controlling metastatic niche formation by inflammatory monocytes.
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40
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The Roles of Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Liver Metastasis and Therapeutic Approaches. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2017; 2017:7521987. [PMID: 28588612 PMCID: PMC5447280 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7521987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a highly complicated and sequential process in which primary cancer spreads to secondary organic sites. Liver is a well-known metastatic organ from colorectal cancer. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is expressed in most gastrointestinal, breast, and lung cancer cells. Overexpression of CEA is closely associated with liver metastasis, which is the main cause of death from colorectal cancer. CEA is widely used as a diagnostic and prognostic tumor marker in cancer patients. It affects many steps of liver metastasis from colorectal cancer cells. CEA inhibits circulating cancer cell death. CEA also binds to heterogeneous nuclear RNA binding protein M4 (hnRNP M4), a Kupffer cell receptor protein, and activates Kupffer cells to secrete various cytokines that change the microenvironments for the survival of colorectal cancer cells in the liver. CEA also activates cell adhesion-related molecules. The close correlation between CEA and cancer has spurred the exploration of many CEA-targeted approaches as anticancer therapeutics. Understanding the detailed functions and mechanisms of CEA in liver metastasis will provide great opportunities for the improvement of anticancer approaches against colorectal cancers. In this report, the roles of CEA in liver metastasis and CEA-targeting anticancer modalities are reviewed.
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41
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Danoy M, Shinohara M, Rizki-Safitri A, Collard D, Senez V, Sakai Y. Alteration of pancreatic carcinoma and promyeloblastic cell adhesion in liver microvasculature by co-culture of hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells and endothelial cells in a physiologically-relevant model. Integr Biol (Camb) 2017; 9:350-361. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ib00237d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Danoy
- LIMMS/CNRS UMI2820 Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
- Institut d'Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologies (IEMN), Université Lille, CNRS, ISEN, UMR 8520, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Marie Shinohara
- Center for International Research on Integrative Biomedical Systems (CIBiS), Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Astia Rizki-Safitri
- Center for International Research on Integrative Biomedical Systems (CIBiS), Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Dominique Collard
- LIMMS/CNRS UMI2820 Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
- SMMIL-E: Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille, Boulevard du Pr Jules Leclercq, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Vincent Senez
- Institut d'Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologies (IEMN), Université Lille, CNRS, ISEN, UMR 8520, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Center for International Research on Integrative Biomedical Systems (CIBiS), Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, graduate school of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Max Planck - The University of Tokyo, Center for Integrative Inflammology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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Abstract
The spread of cancer from a primary tumor to distant organ sites is the most devastating aspect of malignancy. Dissemination to specific organs depends upon blood flow patterns and characteristics of the distant organ environment, such as the vascular architecture, stromal cell content, and the biochemical milieu of growth factors, signaling molecules, and metabolic substrates, which can be permissive or antagonistic to metastatic colonization. Metastatic tumor cells possess intrinsic cellular properties selected for adaptation to specific organ environments, where they co-opt growth and survival signals, undergo metabolic reprogramming, and subvert resident stromal cell activities to promote extravasation, immune evasion, angiogenesis, and overt metastatic growth. Recent work and new experimental models of metastatic organotropism are uncovering crucial details of how malignant cells metastasize to specific tissues, revealing key mediators that prepare metastatic niches in specific organs and identifying new targets that offer attractive options for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heath A. Smith
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
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43
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Najmeh S, Cools-Lartigue J, Rayes RF, Gowing S, Vourtzoumis P, Bourdeau F, Giannias B, Berube J, Rousseau S, Ferri LE, Spicer JD. Neutrophil extracellular traps sequester circulating tumor cells via β1-integrin mediated interactions. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:2321-2330. [PMID: 28177522 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in cancer treatment, metastasis remains today the main cause of cancer death. Local control through complete surgical resection of the primary tumor continues to be a key principle in cancer treatment. However, surgical interventions themselves lead to adverse oncologic outcomes and are associated with significantly increased rates of metastasis. Neutrophils through release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in response to infections were shown to be able to capture circulating cancer cells, and in doing so, support the development of metastatic disease. To be able to intervene on this process, understanding the exact molecular nature of these mechanisms is crucial. We therefore hypothesize and demonstrate that β1-integrin is an important factor mediating the interactions between circulating tumor cells and NETs. We show that β1-integrin expression on both cancer cells and NETs is important for the adhesion of circulating tumor cells to NETs both in vitro and in vivo. Using a murine model of intra-abdominal sepsis to mimic the postoperative inflammatory environment, we show that β1-integrin expression is upregulated in the context of inflammation in vivo. Ultimately, we show that this increased early cancer cell adhesion to NETs in vivo and this effect is abrogated when mice are administered DNAse 1. Our data therefore sheds light on the first molecular mechanism by which NETs can trap circulating tumor cells (CTCs), broadening our understanding of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Najmeh
- Department of Surgery, LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Roni F Rayes
- Department of Surgery, LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephen Gowing
- Department of Surgery, LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Phil Vourtzoumis
- Department of Surgery, LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - France Bourdeau
- Department of Surgery, LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Betty Giannias
- Department of Surgery, LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Berube
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Rousseau
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University and the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lorenzo E Ferri
- Department of Surgery, LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Spicer
- Department of Surgery, LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Montreal, QC, Canada
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44
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Liver metastatic disease: new concepts and biomarker panels to improve individual outcomes. Clin Exp Metastasis 2016; 33:743-755. [PMID: 27541751 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-016-9816-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer, one of the leading causes of all cancer related deaths, belongs to the most malignant cancer types. In fact, the secondary hepatic malignancies (liver metastases) are more common than the primary ones. Almost all solid malignancies can metastasise to the liver. It is well justified that the "treat and wait" approach in the overall management of the liver cancer is not up-to-date and so creation of complex individual patient profiles is needed. This review is specifically focused on the liver metastases originating from the colorectum, breast and prostate cancer. Innovative multilevel diagnostics may procure specific panels of validated biomarkers for predisposition, development and progression of metastatic disease. Creation of the patient specific "molecular portrait" is an essential part of the diagnostic strategy. Contextually, analysis of molecular and cellular patterns in blood samples as the minimally invasive diagnostic tool and construction of diagnostic windows based on individual patient profiling is highly recommended for patient cohorts predisposed to and affected by the liver metastatic disease. Summarised information on risk assessment, predictive and prognostic panels for diagnosis and treatments of the liver metastatic disease in colorectal, breast and prostate cancer is provided.
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45
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Abstract
FUNDAMENTAL BASIS OF METASTATIC PROCESS Metastatic process is described as a "dissemination of neoplastic cells in a distant secondary site, in which cells proliferate to develop a mass of cells partially differentiated". The vast majority of death in solid cancers is the consequence of metastasis development which lead to vital organ dysfunction. In the present review, either recent discoveries or controversial subjects associated with metastasis process will be discussed. Indeed epithelia-mesenchymal transition (EMT), circulating tumor cells, tumor dormancy, colonization in distant organ and cancer stem cells are tackled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Pascussi
- UMR 5203, Inserm U1191, Université Montpellier, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Giraud
- UMR 5203, Inserm U1191, Université Montpellier, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuelle Samalin
- Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Val d'Aurelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Fanny Grillet
- UMR 5203, Inserm U1191, Université Montpellier, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Pannequin
- UMR 5203, Inserm U1191, Université Montpellier, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France.
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Häuselmann I, Roblek M, Protsyuk D, Huck V, Knopfova L, Grässle S, Bauer AT, Schneider SW, Borsig L. Monocyte Induction of E-Selectin-Mediated Endothelial Activation Releases VE-Cadherin Junctions to Promote Tumor Cell Extravasation in the Metastasis Cascade. Cancer Res 2016; 76:5302-12. [PMID: 27488527 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells interact with blood constituents and these interactions promote metastasis. Selectins are vascular receptors facilitating interactions of tumor cells with platelets, leukocytes, and endothelium, but the role of endothelial E-selectin remains unclear. Here we show that E-selectin is a major receptor for monocyte recruitment to tumor cell-activated endothelium. Experimental and spontaneous lung metastasis using murine tumor cells, without E-selectin ligands, were attenuated in E-selectin-deficient mice. Tumor cell-derived CCL2 promoted endothelial activation, resulting in enhanced endothelial E-selectin expression. The recruitment of inflammatory monocytes to metastasizing tumor cells was dependent on the local endothelial activation and the presence of E-selectin. Monocytes promoted transendothelial migration of tumor cells through the induction of E-selectin-dependent endothelial retractions and a subsequent modulation of tight junctions through dephosphorylation of VE-cadherin. Thus, endothelial E-selectin shapes the tumor microenvironment through the recruitment, adhesion, and activation of monocytes that facilitate tumor cell extravasation and thereby metastasis. These findings provide evidence that endothelial E-selectin is a novel factor contributing to endothelial retraction required for efficient lung metastasis. Cancer Res; 76(18); 5302-12. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Häuselmann
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich and Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marko Roblek
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich and Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Darya Protsyuk
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich and Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Volker Huck
- Department of Dermatology, Experimental Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lucia Knopfova
- International Clinical Research Center, Center for Biological and Cellular Engineering, St. Anne's University Hospital and Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sandra Grässle
- Department of Dermatology, Experimental Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexander T Bauer
- Department of Dermatology, Experimental Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan W Schneider
- Department of Dermatology, Experimental Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lubor Borsig
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich and Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland.
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47
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Clark AM, Ma B, Taylor DL, Griffith L, Wells A. Liver metastases: Microenvironments and ex-vivo models. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1639-52. [PMID: 27390264 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216658144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is a highly metastasis-permissive organ, tumor seeding of which usually portends mortality. Its unique and diverse architectural and cellular composition enable the liver to undertake numerous specialized functions, however, this distinctive biology, notably its hemodynamic features and unique microenvironment, renders the liver intrinsically hospitable to disseminated tumor cells. The particular focus for this perspective is the bidirectional interactions between the disseminated tumor cells and the unique resident cell populations of the liver; notably, parenchymal hepatocytes and non-parenchymal liver sinusoidal endothelial, Kupffer, and hepatic stellate cells. Understanding the early steps in the metastatic seeding, including the decision to undergo dormancy versus outgrowth, has been difficult to study in 2D culture systems and animals due to numerous limitations. In response, tissue-engineered biomimetic systems have emerged. At the cutting-edge of these developments are ex vivo 'microphysiological systems' (MPS) which are cellular constructs designed to faithfully recapitulate the structure and function of a human organ or organ regions on a milli- to micro-scale level and can be made all human to maintain species-specific interactions. Hepatic MPSs are particularly attractive for studying metastases as in addition to the liver being a main site of metastatic seeding, it is also the principal site of drug metabolism and therapy-limiting toxicities. Thus, using these hepatic MPSs will enable not only an enhanced understanding of the fundamental aspects of metastasis but also allow for therapeutic agents to be fully studied for efficacy while also monitoring pharmacologic aspects and predicting toxicities. The review discusses some of the hepatic MPS models currently available and although only one MPS has been validated to relevantly modeling metastasis, it is anticipated that the adaptation of the other hepatic models to include tumors will not be long in coming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Clark
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - D Lansing Taylor
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Linda Griffith
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alan Wells
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA Pittsburgh VA Medical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
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Gasparics Á, Rosivall L, Krizbai IA, Sebe A. When the endothelium scores an own goal: endothelial cells actively augment metastatic extravasation through endothelial-mesenchymal transition. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H1055-63. [PMID: 26993222 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00042.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is an important mechanism during organ development and in certain pathological conditions. For example, EndMT contributes to myofibroblast formation during organ fibrosis, and it has been identified as an important source of cancer-associated fibroblasts, facilitating tumor progression. Recently, EndMT was proposed to modulate endothelial function during intravasation and extravasation of metastatic tumor cells. Evidence suggests that endothelial cells are not passive actors during transendothelial migration (TEM) of cancer cells, as there are profound changes in endothelial junctional protein expression, signaling, permeability, and contractility. This review describes these alterations in endothelial characteristics during TEM of metastatic tumor cells and discusses them in the context of EndMT. EndMT could play an important role during metastatic intravasation and extravasation, a novel hypothesis that may lead to new therapeutic approaches to tackle metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ákos Gasparics
- Department of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Rosivall
- Department of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István A Krizbai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary; Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania; and
| | - Attila Sebe
- Department of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul Ehrlich Institute, Langen, Germany
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Inhibition of E-selectin expression on the surface of endothelial cells inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma growth by preventing tumor angiogenesis. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2016; 77:847-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-016-3006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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