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Lothstein KE, Chen F, Mishra P, Smyth DJ, Wu W, Lemenze A, Kumamoto Y, Maizels RM, Gause WC. Helminth protein enhances wound healing by inhibiting fibrosis and promoting tissue regeneration. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302249. [PMID: 39179288 PMCID: PMC11342954 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin wound healing due to full thickness wounds typically results in fibrosis and scarring, where parenchyma tissue is replaced with connective tissue. A major advance in wound healing research would be to instead promote tissue regeneration. Helminth parasites express excretory/secretory (ES) molecules, which can modulate mammalian host responses. One recently discovered ES protein, TGF-β mimic (TGM), binds the TGF-β receptor, though likely has other activities. Here, we demonstrate that topical administration of TGM under a Tegaderm bandage enhanced wound healing and tissue regeneration in an in vivo wound biopsy model. Increased restoration of normal tissue structure in the wound beds of TGM-treated mice was observed during mid- to late-stage wound healing. Both accelerated re-epithelialization and hair follicle regeneration were observed. Further analysis showed differential expansion of myeloid populations at different wound healing stages, suggesting recruitment and reprogramming of specific macrophage subsets. This study indicates a role for TGM as a potential therapeutic option for enhanced wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Lothstein
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Fei Chen
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Pankaj Mishra
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Danielle J Smyth
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Alexander Lemenze
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Yosuke Kumamoto
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Rick M Maizels
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - William C Gause
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
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Peng Y, Xiong R, Wang B, Chen X, Ning Y, Zhao Y, Yang N, Zhang J, Li C, Zhou Y, Li P. The Essential Role of Angiogenesis in Adenosine 2A Receptor Deficiency-mediated Impairment of Wound Healing Involving c-Ski via the ERK/CREB Pathways. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:4532-4550. [PMID: 39247808 PMCID: PMC11380447 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.98856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Adenosine receptor-mediated signaling, especially adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) signaling, has been implicated in wound healing. However, the role of endothelial cells (ECs) in A2AR-mediated wound healing and the mechanism underlying this effect are still unclear. Here, we showed that the expression of A2AR substantially increased after wounding and was especially prominent in granulation tissue. The delaying effects of A2AR knockout (KO) on wound healing are due mainly to the effect of A2AR on endothelial cells, as shown with A2AR-KO and EC-A2AR-KO mice. Moreover, the expression of c-Ski, which is especially prominent in CD31-positive cells in granulation tissue, increased after wounding and was decreased by both EC-A2AR KO and A2AR KO. In human microvascular ECs (HMECs), A2AR activation induced EC proliferation, migration, tubule formation and c-Ski expression, whereas c-Ski depletion by RNAi abolished these effects. Mechanistically, A2AR activation promotes the expression of c-Ski through an ERK/CREB-dependent pathway. Thus, A2AR-mediated angiogenesis plays a critical role in wound healing, and c-Ski is involved mainly in the regulation of angiogenesis by A2AR via the ERK/CREB pathway. These findings identify A2AR as a therapeutic target in wound repair and other angiogenesis-dependent tissue repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Peng
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Zhilu, Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Renping Xiong
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Zhilu, Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Zhilu, Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Zhilu, Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yalei Ning
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Zhilu, Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Zhilu, Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Zhilu, Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Zhilu, Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhong Li
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Zhilu, Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanguo Zhou
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Zhilu, Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Army Occupational Disease, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 10 Changjiang Zhilu, Chongqing 400042, People's Republic of China
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3
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Chan NR, Hwang B, Waworuntu RL, Tran AJ, Ratner BD, Bryers JD. Novel HALO® image analysis to determine cell phenotype in porous precision-templated scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:1459-1467. [PMID: 37029696 PMCID: PMC10524297 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Image analysis platforms have gained increasing popularity in the last decade for the ability to automate and conduct high-throughput, multiplex, and quantitative analyses of a broad range of pathological tissues. However, imaging tissues with unique morphology or tissues containing implanted biomaterial scaffolds remain a challenge. Using HALO®, an image analysis platform specialized in quantitative tissue analysis, we have developed a novel method to determine multiple cell phenotypes in porous precision-templated scaffolds (PTS). PTS with uniform spherical pores between 30 and 40 μm in diameter have previously exhibited a specific immunomodulation of macrophages toward a pro-healing phenotype and an overall diminished foreign body response (FBR) compared to PTS with larger or smaller pore sizes. However, signaling pathways orchestrating this pro-healing in 40 μm PTS remain unclear. Here, we use HALO® to phenotype PTS resident cells and found a decrease in pro-inflammatory CD86 and an increase in pro-healing CD206 expression in 40 μm PTS compared to 100 μm PTS. To understand the mechanisms that drive these outcomes, we investigated the role of myeloid-differentiation-primary-response gene 88 (MyD88) in regulating the pro-healing phenomenon observed only in 40 μm PTS. When subcutaneously implanted in MyD88KO mice, 40 μm PTS reduced the expression of CD206, and the scaffold resident cells displayed an average larger nuclear size compared to 40 μm PTS implanted in mice expressing MyD88. Overall, this study demonstrates a novel image analysis method for phenotyping cells within PTS and identifies MyD88 as a critical mediator in the pore-size-dependent regenerative healing and host immune response to PTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R. Chan
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Billanna Hwang
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - An J. Tran
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Buddy D. Ratner
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - James D. Bryers
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Zheng SY, Wan XX, Kambey PA, Luo Y, Hu XM, Liu YF, Shan JQ, Chen YW, Xiong K. Therapeutic role of growth factors in treating diabetic wound. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:364-395. [PMID: 37122434 PMCID: PMC10130901 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i4.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Wounds in diabetic patients, especially diabetic foot ulcers, are more difficult to heal compared with normal wounds and can easily deteriorate, leading to amputation. Common treatments cannot heal diabetic wounds or control their many complications. Growth factors are found to play important roles in regulating complex diabetic wound healing. Different growth factors such as transforming growth factor beta 1, insulin-like growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor play different roles in diabetic wound healing. This implies that a therapeutic modality modulating different growth factors to suit wound healing can significantly improve the treatment of diabetic wounds. Further, some current treatments have been shown to promote the healing of diabetic wounds by modulating specific growth factors. The purpose of this study was to discuss the role played by each growth factor in therapeutic approaches so as to stimulate further therapeutic thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Yuan Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xin-Xing Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Piniel Alphayo Kambey
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xi-Min Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yi-Fan Liu
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jia-Qi Shan
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yu-Wei Chen
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kun Xiong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma, College of Emergency and Trauma, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
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5
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Han S, Chen X, Li Z. Innate Immune Program in Formation of Tumor-Initiating Cells from Cells-of-Origin of Breast, Prostate, and Ovarian Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:757. [PMID: 36765715 PMCID: PMC9913549 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-initiating cells (TICs), also known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), are cancer cells that can initiate a tumor, possess self-renewal capacity, and can contribute to tumor heterogeneity. TICs/CSCs are developed from their cells-of-origin. In breast, prostate, and ovarian cancers, progenitor cells for mammary alveolar cells, prostate luminal (secretory) cells, and fallopian tube secretory cells are the preferred cellular origins for their corresponding cancer types. These luminal progenitors (LPs) express common innate immune program (e.g., Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling)-related genes. Microbes such as bacteria are now found in breast, prostate, and fallopian tube tissues and their corresponding cancer types, raising the possibility that their LPs may sense the presence of microbes and trigger their innate immune/TLR pathways, leading to an inflammatory microenvironment. Crosstalk between immune cells (e.g., macrophages) and affected epithelial cells (e.g., LPs) may eventually contribute to formation of TICs/CSCs from their corresponding LPs, in part via STAT3 and/or NFκB pathways. As such, TICs/CSCs can inherit expression of innate-immunity/TLR-pathway-related genes from their cells-of-origin; the innate immune program may also represent their unique vulnerability, which can be explored therapeutically (e.g., by enhancing immunotherapy via augmenting TLR signaling).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Han
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xueqing Chen
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhe Li
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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6
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Sim SL, Kumari S, Kaur S, Khosrotehrani K. Macrophages in Skin Wounds: Functions and Therapeutic Potential. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1659. [PMID: 36359009 PMCID: PMC9687369 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages regulate cutaneous wound healing by immune surveillance, tissue repair and remodelling. The depletion of dermal macrophages during the early and middle stages of wound healing has a detrimental impact on wound closure, characterised by reduced vessel density, fibroblast and myofibroblast proliferation, delayed re-epithelization and abated post-healing fibrosis and scar formation. However, in some animal species, oral mucosa and foetal life, cutaneous wounds can heal normally and remain scarless without any involvement of macrophages. These paradoxical observations have created much controversy on macrophages' indispensable role in skin wound healing. Advanced knowledge gained by characterising macrophage subsets, their plasticity in switching phenotypes and molecular drivers provides new insights into their functional importance during cutaneous wound healing. In this review, we highlight the recent findings on skin macrophage subsets, their functional role in adult cutaneous wound healing and the potential benefits of targeting them for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seen Ling Sim
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Snehlata Kumari
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Simranpreet Kaur
- Mater Research Institute-UQ, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Kiarash Khosrotehrani
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
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Akkermansia muciniphila Reduces Peritonitis and Improves Intestinal Tissue Wound Healing after a Colonic Transmural Defect by a MyD88-Dependent Mechanism. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172666. [PMID: 36078075 PMCID: PMC9454966 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anastomotic leakage is a major complication following colorectal surgery leading to peritonitis, complications, and mortality. Akkermansia muciniphila has shown beneficial effects on the gut barrier function. Whether A. muciniphila reduces peritonitis and mortality during colonic leakage is unknown. Whether A. muciniphila can directly modulate the expression of genes in the colonic mucosa in humans has never been studied. We investigated the effects of a pretreatment (14 days) with live A. muciniphila prior to surgical colonic perforation on peritonitis, mortality, and wound healing. We used mice with an inducible intestinal-epithelial-cell-specific deletion of MyD88 (IEC-MyD88 KO) to investigate the role of the innate immune system in this context. In a proof-of-concept pilot study, healthy humans were exposed to A. muciniphila for 2 h and colonic biopsies taken before and after colonic instillation for transcriptomic analysis. Seven days after colonic perforation, A.-muciniphila-treated mice had significantly lower mortality and severity of peritonitis. This effect was associated with significant improvements of wound histological healing scores, higher production of IL22, but no changes in the mucus layer thickness or genes involved in cell renewal, proliferation, or differentiation. All these effects were abolished in IEC-MyD88 KO mice. Finally, human subjects exposed to A. muciniphila exhibited an increased level of the bacterium at the mucus level 2 h after instillation and significant changes in the expression of different genes involved in the regulation of cell cycling, gene transcription, immunity, and inflammation in their colonic mucosa. A. muciniphila improves wound healing during transmural colonic wall defect through mechanisms possibly involving IL22 signaling and requiring MyD88 in the intestinal cells. In healthy humans, colonic administration of A. muciniphila is well tolerated and changes the expression of genes involved in the immune pathways.
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8
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Mills SJ, Ahangar P, Thomas HM, Hofma BR, Murray RZ, Cowin AJ. Flightless I Negatively Regulates Macrophage Surface TLR4, Delays Early Inflammation, and Impedes Wound Healing. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142192. [PMID: 35883634 PMCID: PMC9318993 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
TLR4 plays a pivotal role in orchestrating inflammation and tissue repair. Its expression has finally been balanced to initiate the early, robust immune response necessary for efficient repair without excessively amplifying and prolonging inflammation, which impairs healing. Studies show Flightless I (Flii) is an immunomodulator that negatively regulates macrophage TLR4 signalling. Using macrophages from Flii+/−, WT, and FliiTg/Tg mice, we have shown that elevated Flii reduces early TLR4 surface expression, delaying and reducing subsequent TNF secretions. In contrast, reduced Flii increases surface TLR4, leading to an earlier robust TNF peak. In Flii+/− mice, TLR4 levels peak earlier during wound repair, and overall healing is accelerated. Fewer neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages are recruited to Flii+/− wounds, leading to fewer TNF-positive macrophages, alongside an early peak and a robust shift to M2 anti-inflammatory, reparative Ym1+ and IL-10+ macrophages. Importantly, in diabetic mice, high Flii levels are found in plasma and unwounded skin, with further increases observed in their wounds, which have impaired healing. Lowering Flii in diabetic mice results in an earlier shift to M2 macrophages and improved healing. Overall, this suggests Flii regulation of TLR4 reduces early inflammation and decreases the M2 macrophage phenotype, leading to impaired healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J. Mills
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide SA 5095, Australia; (P.A.); (H.M.T.); (B.R.H.)
- Correspondence: (S.J.M.); (A.J.C.); Tel.: +61-8-8302-3896 (S.J.M.)
| | - Parinaz Ahangar
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide SA 5095, Australia; (P.A.); (H.M.T.); (B.R.H.)
| | - Hannah M. Thomas
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide SA 5095, Australia; (P.A.); (H.M.T.); (B.R.H.)
| | - Benjamin R. Hofma
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide SA 5095, Australia; (P.A.); (H.M.T.); (B.R.H.)
| | - Rachael Z. Murray
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane QLD 4059, Australia;
| | - Allison J. Cowin
- Regenerative Medicine, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide SA 5095, Australia; (P.A.); (H.M.T.); (B.R.H.)
- Correspondence: (S.J.M.); (A.J.C.); Tel.: +61-8-8302-3896 (S.J.M.)
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9
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IL-10 Dysregulation Underlies Chemokine Insufficiency, Delayed Macrophage Response, and Impaired Healing in Diabetic Wounds. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:692-704.e14. [PMID: 34517005 PMCID: PMC8860852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.08.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Persistent inflammation is a major contributor to healing impairment in diabetic chronic wounds. Paradoxically, diabetic wound environment during the acute phase of healing is completely different because it exhibits a reduced macrophage response owing to inadequate expression of CCL2 proinflammatory cytokine. What causes a reduction in CCL2 expression in diabetic wounds early after injury remains unknown. In this study, we report that in contrast to prolonged exposure to high glucose, which makes monocytes proinflammatory, short-term exposure to high glucose causes a rapid monocyte reprogramming, manifested by increased expression and secretion of IL-10, which in an autocrine/paracrine fashion reduces glucose uptake and transforms monocytes into an anti-inflammatory phenotype by dampening signaling through toll-like receptors. We show that IL-10 expression is significantly increased in diabetic wounds during the acute phase of healing, causing significant reductions in toll-like receptor signaling and proinflammatory cytokine production, delaying macrophage and leukocyte responses, and underlying healing impairment in diabetic wounds. Importantly, blocking IL-10 signaling during the acute phase of healing improves toll-like receptor signaling, increases proinflammatory cytokine production, enhances macrophage and leukocyte responses, and stimulates healing in diabetic wounds. We posit that anti-IL-10 strategies have therapeutic potential if added topically after surgical debridement, which resets chronic wounds into acute fresh wounds.
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10
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: Applications in Regenerative Medicine. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081959. [PMID: 34440728 PMCID: PMC8393426 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicles, produced within multivesicular bodies, that are then released into the extracellular space through a merging of the multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. These vesicles are secreted by almost all cell types to aid in a vast array of cellular functions, including intercellular communication, cell differentiation and proliferation, angiogenesis, stress response, and immune signaling. This ability to contribute to several distinct processes is due to the complexity of exosomes, as they carry a multitude of signaling moieties, including proteins, lipids, cell surface receptors, enzymes, cytokines, transcription factors, and nucleic acids. The favorable biological properties of exosomes including biocompatibility, stability, low toxicity, and proficient exchange of molecular cargos make exosomes prime candidates for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Exploring the functions and molecular payloads of exosomes can facilitate tissue regeneration therapies and provide mechanistic insight into paracrine modulation of cellular activities. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of exosome biogenesis, composition, and isolation methods. We also discuss emerging healing properties of exosomes and exosomal cargos, such as microRNAs, in brain injuries, cardiovascular disease, and COVID-19 amongst others. Overall, this review highlights the burgeoning roles and potential applications of exosomes in regenerative medicine.
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11
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Hu W, van Steijn L, Li C, Verbeek FJ, Cao L, Merks RMH, Spaink HP. A Novel Function of TLR2 and MyD88 in the Regulation of Leukocyte Cell Migration Behavior During Wounding in Zebrafish Larvae. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:624571. [PMID: 33659250 PMCID: PMC7917198 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.624571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling via myeloid differentiation factor 88 protein (MyD88) has been indicated to be involved in the response to wounding. It remains unknown whether the putative role of MyD88 in wounding responses is due to a control of leukocyte cell migration. The aim of this study was to explore in vivo whether TLR2 and MyD88 are involved in modulating neutrophil and macrophage cell migration behavior upon zebrafish larval tail wounding. Live cell imaging of tail-wounded larvae was performed in tlr2 and myd88 mutants and their corresponding wild type siblings. In order to visualize cell migration following tissue damage, we constructed double transgenic lines with fluorescent markers for macrophages and neutrophils in all mutant and sibling zebrafish lines. Three days post fertilization (dpf), tail-wounded larvae were studied using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to quantify the number of recruited cells at the wounding area. We found that in both tlr2-/- and myd88-/- groups the recruited neutrophil and macrophage numbers are decreased compared to their wild type sibling controls. Through analyses of neutrophil and macrophage migration patterns, we demonstrated that both tlr2 and myd88 control the migration direction of distant neutrophils upon wounding. Furthermore, in both the tlr2 and the myd88 mutants, macrophages migrated more slowly toward the wound edge. Taken together, our findings show that tlr2 and myd88 are involved in responses to tail wounding by regulating the behavior and speed of leukocyte migration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanbin Hu
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Chen Li
- Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Fons J Verbeek
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Lu Cao
- Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Roeland M H Merks
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,Mathematical Institute, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Herman P Spaink
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
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12
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Ten Hove AS, Seppen J, de Jonge WJ. Neuronal innervation of the intestinal crypt. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G193-G205. [PMID: 33296267 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00239.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal damage is a key feature of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and healing of the mucosa is an endpoint of IBD treatment that is often difficult to achieve. Autonomic neurons of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system may influence intestinal epithelial cell growth and modulating epithelial innervation could for that reason serve as an interesting therapeutic option to improve mucosal healing. Understanding of the biological processes triggered by nonspecific and specific epithelial adrenergic and cholinergic receptor activation is of key importance. At present, with rising technological advances, bioelectronic neuromodulation as treatment modality has gained momentum. We discuss the current view on state-of-the-art innervation of the intestinal crypt and its impact on epithelial cell growth and differentiation. Furthermore, we outline bioelectronic technology and review its relevance to wound healing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne S Ten Hove
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen Seppen
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J de Jonge
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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13
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Shook BA, Wasko RR, Mano O, Rutenberg-Schoenberg M, Rudolph MC, Zirak B, Rivera-Gonzalez GC, López-Giráldez F, Zarini S, Rezza A, Clark DA, Rendl M, Rosenblum MD, Gerstein MB, Horsley V. Dermal Adipocyte Lipolysis and Myofibroblast Conversion Are Required for Efficient Skin Repair. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:880-895.e6. [PMID: 32302523 PMCID: PMC7853423 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mature adipocytes store fatty acids and are a common component of tissue stroma. Adipocyte function in regulating bone marrow, skin, muscle, and mammary gland biology is emerging, but the role of adipocyte-derived lipids in tissue homeostasis and repair is poorly understood. Here, we identify an essential role for adipocyte lipolysis in regulating inflammation and repair after injury in skin. Genetic mouse studies revealed that dermal adipocytes are necessary to initiate inflammation after injury and promote subsequent repair. We find through histological, ultrastructural, lipidomic, and genetic experiments in mice that adipocytes adjacent to skin injury initiate lipid release necessary for macrophage inflammation. Tamoxifen-inducible genetic lineage tracing of mature adipocytes and single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that dermal adipocytes alter their fate and generate ECM-producing myofibroblasts within wounds. Thus, adipocytes regulate multiple aspects of repair and may be therapeutic for inflammatory diseases and defective wound healing associated with aging and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A Shook
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Renee R Wasko
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Omer Mano
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Michael Rutenberg-Schoenberg
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Michael C Rudolph
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado, Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, CO 80045, USA
| | - Bahar Zirak
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | | | - Simona Zarini
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Amélie Rezza
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 11766, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 11766, USA
| | - Damon A Clark
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Michael Rendl
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 11766, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 11766, USA
| | - Michael D Rosenblum
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mark B Gerstein
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Valerie Horsley
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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14
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Raehtz KD, Barrenäs F, Xu C, Busman-Sahay K, Valentine A, Law L, Ma D, Policicchio BB, Wijewardana V, Brocca-Cofano E, Trichel A, Gale M, Keele BF, Estes JD, Apetrei C, Pandrea I. African green monkeys avoid SIV disease progression by preventing intestinal dysfunction and maintaining mucosal barrier integrity. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008333. [PMID: 32119719 PMCID: PMC7077871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike HIV infection, SIV infection is generally nonpathogenic in natural hosts, such as African green monkeys (AGMs), despite life-long high viral replication. Lack of disease progression was reportedly based on the ability of SIV-infected AGMs to prevent gut dysfunction, avoiding microbial translocation and the associated systemic immune activation and chronic inflammation. Yet, the maintenance of gut integrity has never been documented, and the mechanism(s) by which gut integrity is preserved are unknown. We sought to investigate the early events of SIV infection in AGMs, specifically examining the impact of SIVsab infection on the gut mucosa. Twenty-nine adult male AGMs were intrarectally infected with SIVsab92018 and serially sacrificed at well-defined stages of SIV infection, preramp-up (1-3 days post-infection (dpi)), ramp-up (4-6 dpi), peak viremia (9-12 dpi), and early chronic SIV infection (46-55 dpi), to assess the levels of immune activation, apoptosis, epithelial damage and microbial translocation in the GI tract and peripheral lymph nodes. Tissue viral loads, plasma cytokines and plasma markers of gut dysfunction were also measured throughout the course of early infection. While a strong, but transient, interferon-based inflammatory response was observed, the levels of plasma markers linked to enteropathy did not increase. Accordingly, no significant increases in apoptosis of either mucosal enterocytes or lymphocytes, and no damage to the mucosal epithelium were documented during early SIVsab infection of AGMs. These findings were supported by RNAseq of the gut tissue, which found no significant alterations in gene expression that would indicate microbial translocation. Thus, for the first time, we confirmed that gut epithelial integrity is preserved, with no evidence of microbial translocation, in AGMs throughout early SIVsab infection. This might protect AGMs from developing intestinal dysfunction and the subsequent chronic inflammation that drives both HIV disease progression and HIV-associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D. Raehtz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Fredrik Barrenäs
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cuiling Xu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kathleen Busman-Sahay
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Audrey Valentine
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lynn Law
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Diseases, University of Washington, Washington, United States of America
| | - Dongzhu Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Benjamin B. Policicchio
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Viskam Wijewardana
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Egidio Brocca-Cofano
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Anita Trichel
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Diseases, University of Washington, Washington, United States of America
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Brandon F. Keele
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory of Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jacob D. Estes
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Cristian Apetrei
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ivona Pandrea
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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15
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Gowing SD, Cool-Lartigue JJ, Spicer JD, Seely AJE, Ferri LE. Toll-like receptors: exploring their potential connection with post-operative infectious complications and cancer recurrence. Clin Exp Metastasis 2020; 37:225-239. [PMID: 31975313 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-020-10018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death in North America. Despite modern advances in cancer therapy, many patients will ultimately develop cancer metastasis resulting in mortality. Surgery to resect early stage solid malignancies remains the cornerstone of cancer treatment. However, surgery places patients at risk of developing post-operative infectious complications that are linked to earlier cancer metastatic recurrence and cancer mortality. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily-conserved sentinel receptors of the innate immune system that are activated by microbial products present during infection, leading to activation of innate immunity. Numerous types of solid cancer cells also express TLRs, with their activation augmenting their ability to metastasize. Similarly, healthy host-tissue TLRs activated during infection induce a prometastatic environment in the host. Cancer cells additionally secrete TLR activating ligands that activate both cancer TLRs and host TLRs to promote metastasis. Consequently, TLRs are an attractive therapeutic candidate to target infection-induced cancer metastasis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Gowing
- Deparment of Surgery, L.D. MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. .,Montreal General Hospital, Room L8-505, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.
| | - J J Cool-Lartigue
- Deparment of Surgery, L.D. MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Montreal General Hospital, Room L8-505, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - J D Spicer
- Deparment of Surgery, L.D. MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Montreal General Hospital, Room L8-505, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - A J E Seely
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ottawa General Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - L E Ferri
- Deparment of Surgery, L.D. MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Montreal General Hospital, Room L8-505, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
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16
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Reinders Y, Pohl F, Ahrens N, Prantl L, Kuehlmann B, Haubner F. Impact of platelet-rich plasma on cell migration processes after external radiation. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2019; 73:43-51. [PMID: 31561346 DOI: 10.3233/ch-199218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To overcome the compromised wound healing in radiation induced chronic wounds platelet-rich plasma (PRP), as therapeutic agent, is current subject of studies. PRP is associated with pro-angiogenic effects. Nevertheless, effects of platelet-rich plasma in cutaneous wound healing processes are poorly understood so far. METHODS In this study, the migration of endothelial cells, fibroblasts and keratinocytes in conjunction with platelet-rich plasma treatment is investigated in the context of radiation effects. Additionally, cell proliferation and viability after external radiation was analyzed regarding treatment by platelet-rich plasma. RESULTS All cell cultures showed a trend towards decreasing proliferation and viability after irradiation irrespective of PRP. Upon PRP treatment, irradiated fibroblasts as well as endothelial cells showed an enhanced proliferation whereas proliferation and viability of keratinocytes was reduced after PRP treatment. Scratch assays support the positive effect of PRP on fibroblast and endothelial cell migration, whereas a negative effect on keratinocytes was observed after PRP treatment. CONCLUSIONS The present study documents both deleterious effects of external radiation as well as the protective effect of PRP. In summary, increased viability, proliferation and migration are indeed a consequence of the pro-proliferative effect exerted by PRP. Therefore, treatment with PRP products might be useful in the management of chronic radiogenic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Reinders
- Center for Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand & Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Fabian Pohl
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Ahrens
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Prantl
- Center for Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand & Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Britta Kuehlmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Haubner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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17
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Ruuskanen M, Leivo I, Minn H, Vahlberg T, Haglund C, Hagström J, Irjala H. Expression of toll-like receptors in non-endemic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:624. [PMID: 31238894 PMCID: PMC6593602 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5816-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant disease with an enigmatic etiology. NPC associates with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomaviruses (HPVs), while immunological factors also play a role in carcinogenesis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that participate in the immunological defence against pathogens, but their functions are also linked to cancer. Methods In our whole population-based study, we retrieved 150 Finnish NPC cases and studied their tumour samples for TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7, and TLR9 expressions by immunohistochemistry, and for the presence of EBV and high-risk HPVs with EBV RNA and HPV E6/E7 mRNA in situ hybridizations. In addition, we analyzed the TLR expression patterns according to age, tumour histology, EBV/HPV status, and outcome. Results We found that all TLRs studied were highly expressed in NPC. Viral status of the tumours varied, and 62% of them were EBV-positive, 14% HPV-positive, and 24% virus-negative. The tumours with strong TLR2nucl or TLR5 expression were mostly virus-negative or HPV-positive keratinizing squamous cell carcinomas, and the patients with these tumours were significantly older than those with mild or negative TLR2nucl/TLR5 expression. In Kaplan-Meier analysis, the patients with strong TLR5 expression had worse survival compared to the patients with negative or mild TLR5 expression, but the results were linked to other patient and tumour characteristics. In multivariable-adjusted Cox regression analysis, the patients with positive TLR7 tumour expression had better overall survival than those with no TLR7 expression. The 5-year overall survival rates according to TLR7 expression were 66% (mild), 52% (moderate or strong), and 22% (negative). Conclusions TLRs are highly expressed in non-endemic NPC. Intensity of TLR2 and TLR5 expressions correlate with viral status, and TLR7 seems to be an independent prognostic factor of non-endemic NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miia Ruuskanen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521, Turku, Finland.
| | - Ilmo Leivo
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Heikki Minn
- Department of Oncology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Tero Vahlberg
- Department of Biostatistics, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Caj Haglund
- Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit - Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3 C, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Hagström
- Research Programs Unit - Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3 C, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 3 C, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Irjala
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521, Turku, Finland
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18
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Anderson LS, Reynolds MB, Rivara KR, Miller LS, Simon SI. A Mouse Model to Assess Innate Immune Response to Staphylococcus aureus Infection. J Vis Exp 2019:10.3791/59015. [PMID: 30882782 PMCID: PMC6605055 DOI: 10.3791/59015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections, including methicillin resistant stains, are an enormous burden on the healthcare system. With incidence rates of S. aureus infection climbing annually, there is a demand for additional research in its pathogenicity. Animal models of infectious disease advance our understanding of the host-pathogen response and lead to the development of effective therapeutics. Neutrophils play a primary role in the innate immune response that controls S. aureus infections by forming an abscess to wall off the infection and facilitate bacterial clearance; the number of neutrophils that infiltrate an S. aureus skin infection often correlates with disease outcome. LysM-EGFP mice, which possess the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) inserted in the Lysozyme M (LysM) promoter region (expressed primarily by neutrophils), when used in conjunction with in vivo whole animal fluorescence imaging (FLI) provide a means of quantifying neutrophil emigration noninvasively and longitudinally into wounded skin. When combined with a bioluminescent S. aureus strain and sequential in vivo whole animal bioluminescent imaging (BLI), it is possible to longitudinally monitor both the neutrophil recruitment dynamics and in vivo bacterial burden at the site of infection in anesthetized mice from onset of infection to resolution or death. Mice are more resistant to a number of virulence factors produced by S. aureus that facilitate effective colonization and infection in humans. Immunodeficient mice provide a more sensitive animal model to examine persistent S. aureus infections and the ability of therapeutics to boost innate immune responses. Herein, we characterize responses in LysM-EGFP mice that have been bred to MyD88-deficient mice (LysM-EGFP×MyD88-/- mice) along with wild-type LysM-EGFP mice to investigate S. aureus skin wound infection. Multispectral simultaneous detection enabled study of neutrophil recruitment dynamics by using in vivo FLI, bacterial burden by using in vivo BLI, and wound healing longitudinally and noninvasively over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leif S Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis
| | - Mack B Reynolds
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis
| | - Kathryn R Rivara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis
| | - Lloyd S Miller
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Scott I Simon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis;
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19
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Miura T, Kawakami K, Kanno E, Tanno H, Tada H, Sato N, Masaki A, Yokoyama R, Kawamura K, Kitai Y, Takagi N, Yamaguchi K, Yamaguchi N, Kyo Y, Ishii K, Imai Y, Saijo S, Iwakura Y, Tachi M. Dectin-2-Mediated Signaling Leads to Delayed Skin Wound Healing through Enhanced Neutrophilic Inflammatory Response and Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 139:702-711. [PMID: 30393083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cell-associated C-type lectin-2 (i.e., dectin-2) recognizes fungal polysaccharides, including α-mannan. Dectin-2-mediated recognition of fungi, such as Candida albicans, leads to NF-κB activation, which induces production of inflammatory cytokines. However, the role of dectin-2 in skin wound healing remains unclear. In this study, we sought to determine how dectin-2 deficiency and the administration of α-mannan affected the wound healing process. Full-thickness wounds were created on the backs of wild type C57BL/6 and dectin-2-deficient mice. We analyzed wound closure, histological findings, and re-epithelialization. We also examined the neutrophilic inflammatory responses and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)-osis at the wound sites after administration of α-mannan. The percent wound closure and re-epithelialization was significantly accelerated in dectin-2-knockout mice compared with wild-type mice on days 3 and 5 after wounding. In contrast, administration of α-mannan delayed wound closure in wild-type mice, and these responses were canceled in dectin-2-knockout mice. Furthermore, mice administered α-mannan, neutrophil infiltration was prolonged, and the expression of citrullinated histone, an indicator of NETosis, at the wound sites was accelerated. Administration of a neutrophil elastase inhibitor significantly improved the delayed wound healing caused by α-mannan. These results suggest that dectin-2 may have a deep impact on the skin wound healing process through regulation of neutrophilic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Miura
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kawakami
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Emi Kanno
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Hiromasa Tanno
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tada
- Division of Oral Microbiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noriko Sato
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Airi Masaki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rin Yokoyama
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kotone Kawamura
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuki Kitai
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Takagi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamaguchi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Natsuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshika Kyo
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiko Ishii
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Imai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinobu Saijo
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Division of Laboratory Animals, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tachi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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20
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Zhao R, Zhang J, Wang Y, Jin J, Zhou H, Chen J, Su SB. Activation of Toll-like receptor 3 promotes pathological corneal neovascularization by enhancement of SDF-1-mediated endothelial progenitor cell recruitment. Exp Eye Res 2018; 178:177-185. [PMID: 30321512 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in inflammatory and immunological responses, which are intimately related to neovascularization. However, the precise mode of action of TLR3 in neovascularization still remains ambiguous. In this study, we sought to investigate the role of TLR3 in pathological corneal neovascularization (CNV) using a mouse model of alkali-induced CNV. CNV was attenuated in TLR3-deficient mice, and the absence of TLR3 led to decreased production of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), a well-characterized cytokine that regulates the recruitment of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to the sites of neo-angiogenic niches in the injured tissues. Topical administration of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)], a synthetic ligand for TLR3, to the injured cornea promoted CNV in wild type (WT) mice but not in TLR3-deficient mice. In addition, the effect of poly (I:C) on WT mice was abolished by addition of SDF-1 receptor antagonist AMD 3100. Furthermore, poly (I:C) treatment in vitro enhanced the migration of EPCs, whereas the enhanced migration was abolished by AMD 3100. These results indicate an essential role of TLR3 signalling in CNV that involves upregulating SDF-1 production and recruiting EPCs to the sites of injury for neovascularization. Thus, targeting the TLR3 signalling cascade may constitute a novel therapeutic approach for treating neovascularization-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Guangdong Science and Technology Library (Guangdong Institute of Scientific and Technical Information and Development Strategy), China
| | - Jiayi Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Hongyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Shao Bo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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Tatara AM, Kontoyiannis DP, Mikos AG. Drug delivery and tissue engineering to promote wound healing in the immunocompromised host: Current challenges and future directions. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:319-329. [PMID: 29221962 PMCID: PMC5988908 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As regenerative medicine matures as a field, more promising technologies are being translated from the benchtop to the clinic. However, many of these strategies are designed with otherwise healthy hosts in mind and validated in animal models without other co-morbidities. In reality, many of the patient populations benefiting from drug delivery and tissue engineering-based devices to enhance wound healing also have significant underlying immunodeficiency. Specifically, patients suffering from diabetes, malignancy, human immunodeficiency virus, post-organ transplantation, and other compromised states have significant pleotropic immune defects that affect wound healing. In this work, we review the role of different immune cells in the regenerative process, highlight the effect of several common immunocompromised states on wound healing, and discuss different drug delivery strategies for overcoming immunodeficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Tatara
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Dimitrios P Kontoyiannis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.
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22
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McMullen PD, Andersen ME, Cholewa B, Clewell HJ, Dunnick KM, Hartman JK, Mansouri K, Minto MS, Nicolas CI, Phillips MB, Slattery S, Yoon M, Clewell RA. Evaluating opportunities for advancing the use of alternative methods in risk assessment through the development of fit-for-purpose in vitro assays. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 48:310-317. [PMID: 29391263 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An evolving regulatory, scientific, and legislative landscape is driving a fundamental change in how chemical safety decisions are made. As we move to implement changes, regulatory agencies and industry are beginning to adopt tiered approaches, which leverage high-throughput screening technologies for prioritization and read across, followed by interrogation of "hit chemicals" with more rigorous dose-response assessment either in fit-for-purpose human cell-based assays or with traditional in vivo tests. However, to date, suitable in vitro alternatives do not exist for the vast majority of the organ toxicities that form the basis of current regulatory decisions. To successfully support safety decisions, biologically relevant, quantitative, cell-based assays that evaluate dose-response and identify regions of safety for chemical exposure are required. This review evaluates the current state of the science in the development of such assays, identifies key gaps in the current tests, and recommends areas where research efforts may be focused to help move the risk assessment community towards more wide-spread use of in vitro methods. Our analysis suggests that a key shortcoming in the current efforts is the ability to test volatile compounds and to predict pulmonary toxicity. We present a mechanistically-based path forward for the development of a fit-for-purpose lung toxicity assay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brian Cholewa
- ScitoVation, LLC., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Harvey J Clewell
- ScitoVation, LLC., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | | | | | - Kamel Mansouri
- ScitoVation, LLC., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Melyssa S Minto
- ScitoVation, LLC., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | | | | | - Scott Slattery
- ScitoVation, LLC., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
| | - Miyoung Yoon
- ScitoVation, LLC., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
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23
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Palani CD, Ramanathapuram L, Lam-ubol A, Kurago ZB. Toll-like receptor 2 induces adenosine receptor A2a and promotes human squamous carcinoma cell growth via extracellular signal regulated kinases ½. Oncotarget 2018; 9:6814-6829. [PMID: 29467931 PMCID: PMC5805517 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient treatment for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) not associated with Human papillomavirus remains problematic. OSCC microenvironment is typically inflamed and colonized by microorganisms, providing ligands for toll-like receptors (TLR). In immune cells TLR2 and TLR4 activate NF-kB and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 pathways, leading to upregulation of inhibitory adenosine receptors A2a and A2b, and reduction in stimulatory A1 and A3. How TLR and adenosine receptors function in SCC cells is not understood. To address this gap, we evaluated TLR and adenosine receptor expression and function in human OSCC cells and keratinocytes. TLR2 and A2a were co-expressed in pre-cancer and SCC cells of 17 oral specimens. In vitro, 5/6 OSCC lines expressed more TLR2 than TLR1, 4 or 6 mRNA. TLR2 ligands stimulated A2a expression in TLR2-high cell lines, but no A1 or A3 was detected with or without stimuli. In TLR2-high OSCC, TLR2/1, 2/6 and adenosine receptor agonists activated ERK1/2. TLR2-mediated ERK1/2 phosphorylation resulted in accumulation of c-FOS, ERK-dependent cell proliferation and reduced caspase-3 activity. Similar ERK1/2-dependent proliferation and decreased caspase-3 activity were caused by combined TLR2 and adenosine receptor stimuli. We conclude that TLR2 and adenosine receptor agonists, known to be present in the tumor microenvironment, may contribute to OSCC progression in part via direct effects on the ERK1/2 pathway in squamous carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aroonwan Lam-ubol
- Faculty of Dentistry Srinakharinwirot University, Wattana, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Zoya B. Kurago
- Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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24
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Coleman OI, Haller D. Bacterial Signaling at the Intestinal Epithelial Interface in Inflammation and Cancer. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1927. [PMID: 29354132 PMCID: PMC5760496 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract provides a compartmentalized interface with an enormous repertoire of immune and metabolic activities, where the multicellular structure of the mucosa has acquired mechanisms to sense luminal factors, such as nutrients, microbes, and a variety of host-derived and microbial metabolites. The GI tract is colonized by a complex ecosystem of microorganisms, which have developed a highly coevolved relationship with the host’s cellular and immune system. Intestinal epithelial pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) substantially contribute to tissue homeostasis and immune surveillance. The role of bacteria-derived signals in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and repair has been addressed in mouse models deficient in PRRs and signaling adaptors. While critical for host physiology and the fortification of barrier function, the intestinal microbiota poses a considerable health challenge. Accumulating evidence indicates that dysbiosis is associated with the pathogenesis of numerous GI tract diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Aberrant signal integration at the epithelial cell level contributes to such diseases. An increased understanding of bacterial-specific structure recognition and signaling mechanisms at the intestinal epithelial interface is of great importance in the translation to future treatment strategies. In this review, we summarize the growing understanding of the regulation and function of the intestinal epithelial barrier, and discuss microbial signaling in the dynamic host–microbe mutualism in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dirk Haller
- Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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25
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Ito H, Kanbe A, Sakai H, Seishima M. Activation of NLRP3 signalling accelerates skin wound healing. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:80-86. [PMID: 28887870 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The process of skin wound healing involves the following three steps: inflammation, tissue formation and tissue remodelling. These optimal steps are required for the development of normal wound healing. Recent reports demonstrated that inflammasomes are involved in the innate immune response. In the present study, we examined whether the activation of inflammasomes affects the process of skin wound repair. The skin wound repair model was established using wild-type (WT), NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NALP3) knockout (KO) and ASC-KO mice. The wounds were observed every other day, and changes in wound size over time were calculated using photography. Wound repair in NALP3-KO and ASC-KO mice was significantly impaired compared with WT mice. Isoliquiritigenin, an inhibitor of NALP3, decreased the rate of wound repair in WT mice. mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the wound sites of NALP3-KO mice was markedly decreased compared with WT mice. Treatment with adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a ligand of NALP3, upregulated the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines at the wound site and accelerated wound healing in the WT mice. Scratch assay revealed that ATP accelerated wound closure in mouse embryonic fibroblasts from WT mice but not from NALP3-KO mice. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that NALP3 pathway activation is involved in wound repair, and the topical use of ATP may be useful as an effective treatment for accelerating wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Ito
- Department of Informative Clinical Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ayumu Kanbe
- Department of Informative Clinical Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sakai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Seishima
- Department of Informative Clinical Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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26
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27
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Chen L, DiPietro LA. Toll-Like Receptor Function in Acute Wounds. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2017; 6:344-355. [PMID: 29062591 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2017.0734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Significance: Inflammation is an integral part of immune response and supports optimal wound healing in adults. Inflammatory cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, lymphocytes, and mast cells produce important cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. These immune cells interact with keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells (ECs), as well as the extracellular matrix within a complicated network that promotes and regulates wound healing. Aberrant and persistent inflammation may result in delayed wound healing, scar formation, or chronic wounds. Targeting the molecules involved in the inflammatory response may have great potential therapeutic value. Recent Advances and Critical Issues: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns from microbes or danger-associated molecular patterns from damaged cells. The discovery of TLRs sheds new light on the mechanism by which the inflammatory or innate immune response is initiated in wound healing. Convincing evidence now shows that multiple types of cells, including infiltrating or resident inflammatory cells, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and ECs, express specific types of TLRs. Experimental reduction of certain TLRs or treatment of wounds with TLR ligands has been shown to affect wound healing. A better understanding of the involvement of TLRs in the innate immune response during skin wound healing may suggest novel strategies to improve the quality of tissue repair. Future Directions: Despite the indisputable role of TLRs in regulating the immune response in acute wound healing, the functions of TLRs that are relevant to human wound healing and chronic wounds are poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Luisa A. DiPietro
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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28
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Preparation and evaluation of visible-light cured glycol chitosan hydrogel dressing containing dual growth factors for accelerated wound healing. J IND ENG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Kanno E, Kawakami K, Tanno H, Suzuki A, Sato N, Masaki A, Imamura A, Takagi N, Miura T, Yamamoto H, Ishii K, Hara H, Imai Y, Maruyama R, Tachi M. Contribution of CARD9-mediated signalling to wound healing in skin. Exp Dermatol 2017. [PMID: 28620967 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory response after skin injury involves the secretion of a variety of cytokines and growth factors that are necessary for tissue repair. Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9) is an essential signalling adaptor molecule for NF-κB activation upon triggering through C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), which are expressed in macrophages and dendritic cells. However, the role of CARD9 in inflammatory responses at the wound site has not been elucidated. In this study, we analysed the role of CARD9 in the healing process of skin wounds. Wounds were created on the backs of wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice and CARD9 gene-disrupted (knockout [KO]) mice. We analysed per cent wound closure, and the wound tissues were harvested for analysis of leucocyte accumulation and cytokine and chemokine expressions. CARD9KO mice exhibited significant attenuation of wound closure compared with WT mice on days 5, 7 and 10 postwounding, which was associated with decreased macrophage accumulation and reduced TNF-α, IL-1β, CCL3 and CCL4 expressions. These results suggest that CARD9 may be involved in the wound-healing process through the regulation of macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Kanno
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kawakami
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanno
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Aiko Suzuki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noriko Sato
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Airi Masaki
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ayano Imamura
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Takagi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takayuki Miura
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideki Yamamoto
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata, Japan
| | - Keiko Ishii
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Hara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Imai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryoko Maruyama
- Department of Science of Nursing Practice, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tachi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
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30
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Górnikiewicz B, Ronowicz A, Madanecki P, Sachadyn P. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of the regenerative MRL/MpJ mouse and two normal strains. Epigenomics 2017; 9:1105-1122. [DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We aimed to identify the pivotal differences in the DNA methylation profiles between the regeneration capable MRL/MpJ mouse and reference mouse strains. Materials & methods: Global DNA methylation profiling was performed in ear pinnae, bone marrow, spleen, liver and heart from uninjured adult females of the MRL/MpJ and C57BL/6J and BALB/c. Results & conclusion: A number of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) distinguishing between the MRL/MpJ mouse and both references were identified. In the ear pinnae, the DMRs were enriched in genes associated with development, inflammation and apoptosis, and in binding sites of transcriptional modulator Smad1. Several DMRs overlapped previously mapped quantitative trait loci of regenerative capability. The results suggest potential epigenetic determinants of regenerative phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Górnikiewicz
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology & Microbiology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Ronowicz
- Department of Biology & Pharmaceutical Botany of Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Madanecki
- Department of Biology & Pharmaceutical Botany of Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paweł Sachadyn
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology & Microbiology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
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31
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From Inflammation to Current and Alternative Therapies Involved in Wound Healing. Int J Inflam 2017; 2017:3406215. [PMID: 28811953 PMCID: PMC5547704 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3406215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex event that develops in three overlapping phases: inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling. These phases are distinct in function and histological characteristics. However, they depend on the interaction of cytokines, growth factors, chemokines, and chemical mediators from cells to perform regulatory events. In this article, we will review the pathway in the skin healing cascade, relating the major chemical inflammatory mediators, cellular and molecular, as well as demonstrating the local and systemic factors that interfere in healing and disorders associated with tissue repair deficiency. Finally, we will discuss the current therapeutic interventions in the wounds treatment, and the alternative therapies used as promising results in the development of new products with healing potential.
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32
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Abstract
Cutaneous wound repair is a complex, dynamic process with the goal of rapidly sealing any breach in the skin's protective barrier. Myeloid cells compose a significant proportion of the inflammatory cells recruited to a wound site and play important roles in decontaminating the injured tissue of any invading microorganisms. Subsequently, myeloid cells are able to influence many aspects of the healing response, in part through their capacity to release a large array of signaling molecules that allow them to communicate with and regulate the behavior of other wound cells and in turn, be themselves exquisitely regulated by the wound microenvironment. Macrophages, for example, appear to play important, temporally changing roles in the initiation of scarring and subsequently in matrix remodeling to resolve fibrosis. In this way, myeloid cells seem to play both positive (e.g., pathogen killing and matrix remodeling) and negative (e.g., scarring) roles in wound repair. Further research is of course needed to elucidate the precise temporal and spatial myeloid cell phenotypes and behaviors and ultimately to design effective strategies to optimize the beneficial functions of these cells while minimizing their detrimental contributions to improve wound healing in the clinic.
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33
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Peng J, Zheng H, Wang X, Cheng Z. Upregulation of TLR4 via PKC activation contributes to impaired wound healing in high-glucose-treated kidney proximal tubular cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178147. [PMID: 28542370 PMCID: PMC5443579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) leads to a worse prognosis in diabetic patients compared with prognoses in non-diabetic patients, but whether and how diabetes affects kidney repair after AKI remains unknown. Here, we used scratch-wound healing and transwell migration models to examine whether and how wound healing is affected by high glucose levels in cultured kidney proximal tubular cells (RPTC). The results show that scratch-wound healing and transwell migration were significantly slower in high-glucose-treated kidney tubular cells (30 mM glucose) than in low-glucose-treated cells (5.5 mM). Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), MyD88, phospho-protein kinase C (PKC), phospho-p38 MAPK and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA levels were upregulated after high glucose treatments. Staurosporine, a selective PKC inhibitor, inhibited TLR4, MyD88 and p-p38 upregulation in the high-glucose-treated cells, indicating the involvement of PKC in high-glucose-induced TLR4 upregulation. The pharmacological inhibition of TLR4 or shRNA-mediated TLR4 knockdown improved wound healing and transwell migration in high-glucose-treated RPTC. In contrast, the overexpression of TLR4 in low-glucose-treated RPTC suppressed wound healing, mimicking the effects of high glucose levels. These results suggest that the upregulation of TLR4 expression via PKC activation contributes to defective wound healing in high-glucose-treated kidney tubular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Peng
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hang Zheng
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixiang Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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34
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de Leve S, Wirsdörfer F, Cappuccini F, Schütze A, Meyer AV, Röck K, Thompson LF, Fischer JW, Stuschke M, Jendrossek V. Loss of CD73 prevents accumulation of alternatively activated macrophages and the formation of prefibrotic macrophage clusters in irradiated lungs. FASEB J 2017; 31:2869-2880. [PMID: 28325757 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601228r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While radiotherapy is a mainstay for cancer therapy, pneumonitis and fibrosis constitute dose-limiting side effects of thorax and whole body irradiation. So far, the contribution of immune cells to disease progression is largely unknown. Here we studied the role of ecto-5'-nucelotidase (CD73)/adenosine-induced changes in the myeloid compartment in radiation-induced lung fibrosis. C57BL/6 wild-type or CD73-/- mice received a single dose of whole thorax irradiation (WTI, 15 Gy). Myeloid cells were characterized in flow cytometric, histologic, and immunohistochemical analyses as well as RNA analyses. WTI induced a pronounced reduction of alveolar macrophages in both strains that recovered within 6 wk. Fibrosis development in wild-type mice was associated with a time-dependent deposition of hyaluronic acid (HA) and increased expression of markers for alternative activation on alveolar macrophages. These include the antiinflammatory macrophage mannose receptor and arginase-1. Further, macrophages accumulated in organized clusters and expressed profibrotic mediators at ≥25 wk after irradiation (fibrotic phase). Irradiated CD73-/- mice showed an altered regulation of components of the HA system and no clusters of alternatively activated macrophages. We speculate that accumulation of alternatively activated macrophages in organized clusters represents the origins of fibrotic foci after WTI and is promoted by a cross-talk between HA, CD73/adenosine signaling, and other profibrotic mediators.-De Leve, S., Wirsdörfer, F., Cappuccini, F., Schütze, A., Meyer, A. V., Röck, K., Thompson, L. F., Fischer, J. W., Stuschke, M., Jendrossek, V. Loss of CD73 prevents accumulation of alternatively activated macrophages and the formation of prefibrotic macrophage clusters in irradiated lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone de Leve
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Florian Wirsdörfer
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Federica Cappuccini
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schütze
- Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alina V Meyer
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Katharina Röck
- Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Linda F Thompson
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jens W Fischer
- Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Stuschke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany;
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35
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Gambino TJ, Williams SP, Caesar C, Resnick D, Nowell CJ, Farnsworth RH, Achen MG, Stacker SA, Karnezis T. A Three-Dimensional Lymphatic Endothelial Cell Tube Formation Assay to Identify Novel Kinases Involved in Lymphatic Vessel Remodeling. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2017; 15:30-43. [DOI: 10.1089/adt.2016.764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T. Jessica Gambino
- Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven P. Williams
- Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carol Caesar
- Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Resnick
- Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cameron J. Nowell
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rae H. Farnsworth
- Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marc G. Achen
- Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven A. Stacker
- Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tara Karnezis
- Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- O'Brien Institute, a Department of St. Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
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36
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Crompton R, Williams H, Ansell D, Campbell L, Holden K, Cruickshank S, Hardman MJ. Oestrogen promotes healing in a bacterial LPS model of delayed cutaneous wound repair. J Transl Med 2016; 96:439-49. [PMID: 26855364 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound infection is a major clinical problem, yet understanding of bacterial host interactions in the skin remains limited. Microbe-derived molecules, known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns, are recognised in barrier tissues by pattern-recognition receptors. In particular, the pathogen-associated molecular pattern, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of microbial cell walls and a specific ligand for Toll-like receptor 4, has been widely used to mimic systemic and local infection across a range of tissues. Here we administered LPS derived from Klebsiella pneumoniae, a species of bacteria that is emerging as a wound-associated pathogen, to full-thickness cutaneous wounds in C57/BL6 mice. Early in healing, LPS-treated wounds displayed increased local apoptosis and reduced proliferation. Subsequent healing progression was delayed with reduced re-epithelialisation, increased proliferation, a heightened inflammatory response and perturbed wound matrix deposition. Our group and others have previously demonstrated the beneficial effects of 17β-estradiol treatment across a range of preclinical wound models. Here we asked whether oestrogen would effectively promote healing in our LPS bacterial infection model. Intriguingly, co-treatment with 17β-estradiol was able to promote re-epithelialisation, dampen inflammation and induce collagen deposition in our LPS-delayed healing model. Collectively, these studies validate K. pneumoniae-derived LPS treatment as a simple yet effective model of bacterial wound infection, while providing the first indication that oestrogen could promote cutaneous healing in the presence of infection, further strengthening the case for its therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Crompton
- The Healing Foundation Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Helen Williams
- The Healing Foundation Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David Ansell
- The Healing Foundation Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,The Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Laura Campbell
- The Healing Foundation Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Matthew J Hardman
- The Healing Foundation Centre, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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37
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Niu S, Shi X, Zhang J, Chai L, Xiao X. Cloning, Characterization, and Expression Analysis of MyD88 in Rana dybowskii. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 179:294-306. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-1994-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Yuan R, Geng S, Chen K, Diao N, Chu HW, Li L. Low-grade inflammatory polarization of monocytes impairs wound healing. J Pathol 2016; 238:571-83. [PMID: 26690561 DOI: 10.1002/path.4680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Impaired wound healing often accompanies low-grade inflammatory conditions, during which circulating levels of subclinical super-low-dose endotoxin may persist. Low-grade inflammatory monocyte polarization may occur during chronic inflammation and deter effective wound repair. However, little is understood about the potential mechanisms of monocyte polarization by sustained insult of subclinical super-low-dose endotoxin. We observed that super-low-dose endotoxin preferentially programmes a low-grade inflammatory monocyte state in vitro and in vivo, as represented by the elevated population of CD11b(+) Ly6C(high) monocytes and sustained expression of CCR5. Mechanistically, super-low-dose endotoxin caused cellular stress, altered lysosome function and increased the transcription factor IRF5. TUDCA, a potent inhibitor of cellular stress, effectively blocked monocyte polarization and improved wound healing in mice injected with super-low-dose endotoxin. Our data revealed the polarization of low-grade inflammatory monocytes by sustained endotoxin challenge, its underlying mechanisms and a potential intervention strategy. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi Yuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Shuo Geng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Keqiang Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Na Diao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Hong Wei Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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39
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Cohen I, Idan C, Rider P, Peleg R, Vornov E, Elena V, Tomas M, Martin T, Tudor C, Cicerone T, Wegner M, Mareike W, Brondani L, Lydia B, Freudenberg M, Marina F, Mittler G, Gerhard M, Ferrando-May E, Elisa FM, Dinarello CA, Apte RN, Ron AN, Schneider R, Robert S. IL-1α is a DNA damage sensor linking genotoxic stress signaling to sterile inflammation and innate immunity. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14756. [PMID: 26439902 PMCID: PMC4593953 DOI: 10.1038/srep14756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental signals can be translated into chromatin changes, which alter gene expression. Here we report a novel concept that cells can signal chromatin damage from the nucleus back to the surrounding tissue through the cytokine interleukin-1alpha (IL-1α). Thus, in addition to its role as a danger signal, which occurs when the cytokine is passively released by cell necrosis, IL-1α could directly sense DNA damage and act as signal for genotoxic stress without loss of cell integrity. Here we demonstrate localization of the cytokine to DNA-damage sites and its subsequent secretion. Interestingly, its nucleo-cytosolic shuttling after DNA damage sensing is regulated by histone deacetylases (HDAC) and IL-1α acetylation. To demonstrate the physiological significance of this newly discovered mechanism, we used IL-1α knockout mice and show that IL-1α signaling after UV skin irradiation and DNA damage is important for triggering a sterile inflammatory cascade in vivo that contributes to efficient tissue repair and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cohen Idan
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U 964, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France.,Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Rider Peleg
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Voronov Elena
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Tomas Martin
- Bioimaging Center and Center for Applied Photonics, Department of Biology and Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Tudor Cicerone
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Wegner Mareike
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Medical Center and Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Brondani Lydia
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U 964, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | | | - Freudenberg Marina
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS, Faculty of Biology III, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Mittler Gerhard
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Ferrando-May Elisa
- Bioimaging Center and Center for Applied Photonics, Department of Biology and Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | | | - Apte N Ron
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Robert Schneider
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U 964, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
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40
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Micera A, Balzamino BO, Zazzo AD, Biamonte F, Sica G, Bonini S. Toll-Like Receptors and Tissue Remodeling: The Pro/Cons Recent Findings. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:531-44. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio Di Zazzo
- Department of Ophthalmology; University Campus Bio-Medico; Rome Italy
| | - Filippo Biamonte
- Institute of Histology and Embryology; Faculty of Medicine; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart; Rome Italy
| | - Gigliola Sica
- Institute of Histology and Embryology; Faculty of Medicine; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart; Rome Italy
| | - Stefano Bonini
- Department of Ophthalmology; University Campus Bio-Medico; Rome Italy
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41
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Crean D, Cummins EP, Bahar B, Mohan H, McMorrow JP, Murphy EP. Adenosine Modulates NR4A Orphan Nuclear Receptors To Attenuate Hyperinflammatory Responses in Monocytic Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:1436-48. [PMID: 26150530 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine receptor-mediated regulation of monocyte/macrophage inflammatory responses is critical in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. In this study, we reveal that adenosine potently modulates the expression of NR4A1, 2, and 3 orphan nuclear receptors in myeloid cells, and this modulation is primarily through the adenosine A2a receptor subtype. We demonstrate that A2a receptor activation of NR4A1-3 receptor synthesis is further enhanced in TLR4-stimulated monocytes. After TLR4 stimulation, NR4A receptor-depleted monocyte/macrophage cells display significantly altered expression of cell-surface markers and produce increased inflammatory cytokine and chemokine secretion rendering the cells an enhanced proinflammatory phenotype. Exposure of TLR4 or TNF-α-stimulated monocytes to adenosine analogs directs changes in the expression of MIP-3α and IL-23p19, with NR4A2 depletion leading to significantly enhanced expression of these factors. Furthermore, we establish that nuclear levels of NF-κB/p65 are increased in TLR/adenosine-stimulated NR4A2-depleted cells. We show that, after TLR/adenosine receptor stimulation, NR4A2 depletion promotes significant binding of NF-κB/p65 to a κB consensus binding motif within the MIP-3α proximal promoter leading to increased protein secretion, confirming a pivotal role for NF-κB activity in controlling cellular responses and gene expression outcomes in response to these mediators. Thus, these data demonstrate that during an inflammatory response, adenosine modulation of NR4A receptor activity acts to limit NF-κB-mediated effects and that loss of NR4A2 expression leads to enhanced NF-κB activity and hyperinflammatory responses in myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Crean
- UCD Veterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; and Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eoin P Cummins
- Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Bojlul Bahar
- UCD Veterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; and
| | - Helen Mohan
- UCD Veterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; and
| | - Jason P McMorrow
- UCD Veterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; and
| | - Evelyn P Murphy
- UCD Veterinary Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; and Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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42
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Huang Y, Zheng L, Yang H, Chen J, Wang Y, Li H, Xie S, Zeng H. Measuring the dynamics of cyclic adenosine monophosphate level in living cells induced by low-level laser irradiation using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:051029. [PMID: 25611980 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.5.051029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Several studies demonstrated that the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), an important second messenger, is involved in the mechanism of low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) treatment. However, most of these studies obtained the cAMP level in cell culture extracts or supernatant. In this study, the cAMP level in living cells was measured with bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET). The effect of LLLI on cAMP level in living cells with adenosine receptors blocked was explored to identify the role of adenosine receptors in LLLI. The results showed that LLLI increased the cAMP level. Moreover, the rise of cAMP level was light dose dependent but wavelength independent for 658-, 785-, and 830-nm laser light. The results also exhibited that the adenosine receptors, a class of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), modulated the increase of cAMP level induced by LLLI. The cAMP level increased more significantly when the A3 adenosine receptors (A3R) were blocked by A3R antagonist compared with A1 adenosine receptor or A2a adenosine receptor blocked in HEK293T cells after LLLI, which was in good agreement with the adenosine receptors’ expressions. All these results suggested that measuring the cAMP level with BRET could be a useful technique to study the role of GPCRs in living cells under LLLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Huang
- Fujian Normal University, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, 32 Shangsan Road, Fuzhou 35
| | - Liqin Zheng
- Fujian Normal University, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, 32 Shangsan Road, Fuzhou 35
| | - Hongqin Yang
- Fujian Normal University, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, 32 Shangsan Road, Fuzhou 35
| | - Jiangxu Chen
- Fujian Normal University, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, 32 Shangsan Road, Fuzhou 35
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Fujian Normal University, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, 32 Shangsan Road, Fuzhou 35
| | - Hui Li
- Fujian Normal University, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, 32 Shangsan Road, Fuzhou 35
| | - Shusen Xie
- Fujian Normal University, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, 32 Shangsan Road, Fuzhou 35
| | - Haishan Zeng
- British Columbia Cancer Agency Research Centre, Imaging Unit-Integrative Oncology Department, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 1L3, Canada
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43
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Patel N, Wu W, Mishra PK, Chen F, Millman A, Csóka B, Koscsó B, Eltzschig HK, Haskó G, Gause WC. A2B adenosine receptor induces protective antihelminth type 2 immune responses. Cell Host Microbe 2014; 15:339-50. [PMID: 24629340 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The type 2 immune response evoked by intestinal nematode parasites contributes to worm expulsion and tolerance to associated tissue damage. We investigated whether this host response is affected by blocking signaling by the putative endogenous danger signal adenosine, which can be released during inflammation and host cell damage. Specific blockade of the A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) inhibited worm elimination and the development of innate and adaptive components of the type 2 primary and memory response. Infected mice lacking A2BAR exhibited decreased M2 macrophage and eosinophil recruitment and reduced IL-4 and IL-13 cytokine production. Additionally, shortly after infection, upregulation of the alarmin IL-33, which drives type 2 immunity, and activation of innate lymphoid type 2 (ILC2) cells was inhibited, while exogenous IL-33 restored ILC2 cell activation and type 2 cytokine expression. Thus, adenosine acts as a danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) that initiates helminth-induced type 2 immune responses through A2BAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirav Patel
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA; Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA; Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Pankaj K Mishra
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA; Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA; Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Ariel Millman
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA; Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Balázs Csóka
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA; Department of Surgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Balázs Koscsó
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA; Department of Surgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - György Haskó
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA; Department of Surgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
| | - William C Gause
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA; Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA.
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44
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Keyel PA, Romero M, Wu W, Kwak DH, Zhu Q, Liu X, Salter RD. Methylthioadenosine reprograms macrophage activation through adenosine receptor stimulation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104210. [PMID: 25117662 PMCID: PMC4130577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of inflammation is necessary to balance sufficient pathogen clearance with excessive tissue damage. Central to regulating inflammation is the switch from a pro-inflammatory pathway to an anti-inflammatory pathway. Macrophages are well-positioned to initiate this switch, and as such are the target of multiple therapeutics. One such potential therapeutic is methylthioadenosine (MTA), which inhibits TNFα production following LPS stimulation. We found that MTA could block TNFα production by multiple TLR ligands. Further, it prevented surface expression of CD69 and CD86 and reduced NF-KB signaling. We then determined that the mechanism of this action by MTA is signaling through adenosine A2 receptors. A2 receptors and TLR receptors synergized to promote an anti-inflammatory phenotype, as MTA enhanced LPS tolerance. In contrast, IL-1β production and processing was not affected by MTA exposure. Taken together, these data demonstrate that MTA reprograms TLR activation pathways via adenosine receptors to promote resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A. Keyel
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Matthew Romero
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wenbo Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Daniel H. Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Qin Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Russell D. Salter
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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45
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Khanapur S, Paul S, Shah A, Vatakuti S, Koole MJB, Zijlma R, Dierckx RAJO, Luurtsema G, Garg P, van Waarde A, Elsinga PH. Development of [18F]-labeled pyrazolo[4,3-e]-1,2,4- triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine (SCH442416) analogs for the imaging of cerebral adenosine A2A receptors with positron emission tomography. J Med Chem 2014; 57:6765-80. [PMID: 25061687 DOI: 10.1021/jm500700y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) are attractive therapeutic targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. We developed high affinity and selective compound 8 (SCH442416) analogs as in vivo probes for A2ARs using PET. We observed the A2AR-mediated accumulation of [18F]fluoropropyl ([18F]-10b) and [18F]fluoroethyl ([18F]-10a) derivatives of 8 in the brain. The striatum was clearly visualized in PET and in vitro autoradiography images of control animals and was no longer visible after pretreatment with the A2AR subtype-selective antagonist KW6002. In vitro and in vivo metabolite analyses indicated the presence of hydrophilic (radio)metabolite(s), which are not expected to cross the blood-brain-barrier. [18F]-10b and [18F]-10a showed comparable striatum-to- cerebellum ratios (4.6 at 25 and 37 min post injection, respectively) and reversible binding in rat brains. We concluded that these compounds performed equally well, but their kinetics were slightly different. These molecules are potential tools for mapping cerebral A2ARs with PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivashankar Khanapur
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen , Groningen, The Netherlands
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46
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Dasu MR, Martin SJ. Toll-like receptor expression and signaling in human diabetic wounds. World J Diabetes 2014; 5:219-223. [PMID: 24748934 PMCID: PMC3990321 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i2.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To examine the contribution of toll-like receptors (TLRs) expression and activation to the prolonged inflammation often seen in human diabetic wounds.
METHODS: Debridement wound tissue was collected from diabetic patients with informed consent. Total RNA and protein were isolated and subjected to real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses.
RESULTS: TLR1, 2, 4, and 6 mRNA expressions were increased significantly in wounds of diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic wounds (P < 0.05). MyD88 protein expression was significantly increased in diabetic wounds compared to non-diabetic wounds. Interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentration nuclear factor-kappa B activation, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were increased in diabetic wounds compared to non-diabetic wounds (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Collectively, our novel findings show that increased TLR expression, signaling, and activation may contribute to the hyper inflammation in the human diabetic wounds.
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47
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Wu J, Cui H, Dick AD, Liu L. TLR9 agonist regulates angiogenesis and inhibits corneal neovascularization. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:1900-10. [PMID: 24726642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid cells are highly adaptable and may positively or negatively regulate angiogenesis dependent on the cognate and soluble signals they receive. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) initiate immune responses, orchestrate adaptive immune responses, and regulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated angiogenesis during wound healing. We investigated the possible role of TLR ligands in attenuation of new vessel growth via regulation of expression of VEGF or soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) in both an aortic ring assay and a model of suture-induced corneal angiogenesis. The TLR3 ligand [poly(I:C)] markedly suppressed VEGF secretion and stimulated sFlt-1 release from macrophages. The aortic ring assay demonstrated that new vessels were promoted by the TLR2 ligand (heat killed Listeria monocytogenes) and the TLR4 ligand (lipopolysaccharide), concomitant with increased VEGF and matrix metalloproteinase 9 secretion. In contrast, the TLR9 ligand [oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN)1826] stimulated sFlt-1 secretion from macrophages and reduced the number of aortic ring vessel sprouts. ODN1826 also significantly reduced the length and volume of both hemangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in the suture-induced corneal angiogenesis model. Furthermore, 53 angiogenic factors were examined via protein array and compared between ODN1826- and water-treated corneas to interrogate the pathway of ODN1826 inhibition, demonstrating an up-regulation of Serpin E1 signal. Further clinical and IHC analyses of the aortic ring assay indicated that TLR9 suppressed tip cell migration and recruitment of mural cells and adventitial macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Wu
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Hongping Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji University Affiliated Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Andrew D Dick
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Lei Liu
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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48
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The adenosine-dependent angiogenic switch of macrophages to an M2-like phenotype is independent of interleukin-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Rα) signaling. Inflammation 2014; 36:921-31. [PMID: 23504259 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9621-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Murine macrophages are activated by interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and/or Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists such as bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) to express an inflammatory (M1) phenotype characterized by the expression of nitric oxide synthase-2 (iNOS) and inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-12. In contrast, Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 activate macrophages by inducing the expression of arginase-1 and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in an IL-4 receptor-α (IL-4Rα)-dependent manner. Macrophages activated in this way are designated as "alternatively activated" (M2a) macrophages. We have shown previously that adenosine A2A receptor (A(2A)R) agonists act synergistically with TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 agonists to switch macrophages into an "M2-like" phenotype that we have termed "M2d." Adenosine signaling suppresses the TLR-dependent expression of TNF-α, IL-12, IFN-γ, and several other inflammatory cytokines by macrophages and induces the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and IL-10. We show here using mice lacking a functional IL-4Rα gene (IL-4Rα(-/-) mice) that this adenosine-mediated switch does not require IL-4Rα-dependent signaling. M2d macrophages express high levels of VEGF, IL-10, and iNOS, low levels of TNF-α and IL-12, and mildly elevated levels of arginase-1. In contrast, M2d macrophages do not express Ym1, Fizz1 (RELM-α), or CD206 at levels greater than those induced by LPS, and dectin-1 expression is suppressed. The use of these markers in vivo to identify "M2" macrophages thus provides an incomplete picture of macrophage functional status and should be viewed with caution.
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Liu M, Chen K, Yoshimura T, Liu Y, Gong W, Le Y, Gao JL, Zhao J, Wang JM, Wang A. Formylpeptide receptors mediate rapid neutrophil mobilization to accelerate wound healing. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90613. [PMID: 24603667 PMCID: PMC3946181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a multi-phased pathophysiological process requiring chemoattractant receptor-dependent accumulation of myeloid cells in the lesion. Two G protein-coupled formylpeptide receptors Fpr1 and Fpr2 mediate rapid neutrophil infiltration in the liver of Listeria-infected mice by sensing pathogen-derived chemotactic ligands. These receptors also recognize host-derived chemotactic peptides in inflammation and injury. Here we report the capacity of Fprs to promote the healing of sterile skin wound in mice by initiating neutrophil infiltration. We found that in normal miceneutrophils rapidly infiltrated the dermis in the wound before the production of neutrophil-specific chemokines by the injured tissue. In contrast, rapid neutrophil infiltration was markedly reduced with delayed wound closure in mice deficient in both Fprs. In addition, we detected Fpr ligand activity that chemoattracted neutrophils into the wound tissue. Our study thus demonstrates that Fprs are critical for normal healing of the sterile skin wound by mediating the first wave of neutrophil infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyong Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Keqiang Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Teizo Yoshimura
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ying Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- National Center For Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wanghua Gong
- Basic Research Program, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yingying Le
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Liang Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Aimin Wang
- The Center for Orthopedics, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Famakin BM, Mou Y, Johnson K, Spatz M, Hallenbeck J. A new role for downstream Toll-like receptor signaling in mediating immediate early gene expression during focal cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2014; 34:258-67. [PMID: 24301291 PMCID: PMC3915199 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the role of downstream Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling during acute cerebral ischemia, we performed cDNA microarrays, on brain RNA, and cytokine arrays, on serum, from wild type (WT), MyD88-/- and TRIF-mutant mice, at baseline and following permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). The acute stress response pathway was among the top pathways identified by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of microarray data. We used real-time polymerase chain reaction to confirm the expression of four immediate early genes; EGR1, EGR2, ARC, Nurr77, in this pathway, and insulin degrading enzyme (IDE). Compared to WT, baseline immediate early gene expression was increased up to10-fold in MyD88-/- and TRIF-mutant mice. However, following pMCAO, immediate early gene expression remained unchanged, from this elevated baseline in these mice, but increased up to 12-fold in WT. Furthermore, expression of IDE, which also degrades β-amyloid, decreased significantly only in TRIF-mutant mice. Finally, sE-Selectin, sICAM, sVCAM-1, and MMP-9 levels were significantly decreased only in MyD88-/- compared with WT mice. We thus report a new role for downstream TLR signaling in immediate early gene expression during acute cerebral ischemia. We also show that the TRIF pathway regulates IDE expression; a major enzyme that clears β-amyloid from the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolanle M Famakin
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Stroke Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yongshan Mou
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Stroke Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kory Johnson
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke, Section on Bioinformatics, Information Technology & Bioinformatics Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Spatz
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Stroke Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John Hallenbeck
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Stroke Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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