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Huang B, Li H, Jiang Q, Li Y, Jiang Z, Cao H, Wang S, Wang X, Li J, Li G. Elevated type I IFN signalling directly affects CD8 + T-cell distribution and autoantigen recognition of the skeletal muscles in active JDM patients. J Autoimmun 2024; 146:103232. [PMID: 38692172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The link between type I IFN and adaptive immunity, especially T-cell immunity, in JDM still remained largely unclear. This study aimed to understand the effect of elevated type I IFN signaling on CD8+ T cell-associated muscle damage in juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM). This study used flow cytometry (FC) and RT‒PCR were used to examine the circulating cell ratio and type I IFN response. And scRNA-seq was used to examine peripheral immunity in 6 active JDM patients, 3 stable JDM patients, 3 juvenile IMNM patients and 3 age-matched healthy children. In vivo validation experiments were conducted using a mouse model induced by STING agonists and an experimental autoimmune myositis model (EAM). In vitro experiments were conducted using isolated CD8+ T-cells from JDM patients and mice. We found that active JDM patients showed an extensive type I IFN response and a decreased CD8+ T-cell ratio in the periphery (P < 0.05), which was correlated with muscle involvement (P < 0.05). Both new active JDM patients and all active JDM patients showed decreased CD8+ TCM cell ratios compared with age and gender matched stable JDM patients (P < 0.05). Compared with new pediatirc systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, new active JDM patients displayed decreased CD8+ T-cell and CD8+ TCM cell ratios (P < 0.05). Active JDM patient skeletal muscle biopsies displayed an elevated type I IFN response, upregulated MHC-I expression and CD8+ T-cell infiltration, which was validated in EAM mice. sc-RNAseq demonstrated that type I IFN signalling is the kinetic factor of abnormal differentiation and enhances the cytotoxicity of peripheral CD8+ T cells in active JDM patients, which was confirmed by in vivo and in vitro validation experiments. In summary, the elevated type I IFN signalling affected the differentiation and function of CD8+ T cells in active JDM patients. Skeletal muscle-infiltrating CD8+ T cells might migrate from the periphery under the drive of type I IFN and increased MHC I signals. Therapies targeting autoantigen-specific CD8+ T cells may represent a potential new treatment direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhen Huang
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China; Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China; The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huiyu Li
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China; Research Unit of Minimally Invasive Pediatric Surgery on Diagnosis and Treatment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yucong Li
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China; Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China; The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhaowei Jiang
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China; Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China; The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huijuan Cao
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Xinluan Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jianguo Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, China.
| | - Gang Li
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China; Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China; The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
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Skolka MP, Naddaf E. Exploring challenges in the management and treatment of inclusion body myositis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2023; 35:404-413. [PMID: 37503813 PMCID: PMC10552844 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides an overview of the management and treatment landscape of inclusion body myositis (IBM), while highlighting the current challenges and future directions. RECENT FINDINGS IBM is a slowly progressive myopathy that predominantly affects patients over the age of 40, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, a definitive cure for IBM remains elusive. Various clinical trials targeting inflammatory and some of the noninflammatory pathways have failed. The search for effective disease-modifying treatments faces numerous hurdles including variability in presentation, diagnostic challenges, poor understanding of pathogenesis, scarcity of disease models, a lack of validated outcome measures, and challenges related to clinical trial design. Close monitoring of swallowing and respiratory function, adapting an exercise routine, and addressing mobility issues are the mainstay of management at this time. SUMMARY Addressing the obstacles encountered by patients with IBM and the medical community presents a multitude of challenges. Effectively surmounting these hurdles requires embracing cutting-edge research strategies aimed at enhancing the management and treatment of IBM, while elevating the quality of life for those affected.
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Chen Z, Lan H, Liao Z, Huang J, Jian X, Hu J, Liao H. Regulatory T cells-centered regulatory networks of skeletal muscle inflammation and regeneration. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:112. [PMID: 35869487 PMCID: PMC9308315 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00847-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
As the understanding of skeletal muscle inflammation is increasingly clarified, the role of Treg cells in the treatment of skeletal muscle diseases has attracted more attention in recent years. A consensus has been reached that the regulation of Treg cells is the key to completing the switch of inflammation and repair of skeletal muscle, whose presence directly determine the repairing quality of the injured skeletal muscle. However, the functioning process of Treg cells remains unreported, thereby making it necessary to summarize the current role of Treg cells in skeletal muscle. In this review, the characteristics, origins, and cellular kinetics of these Treg cells are firstly described; Then, the relationship between Treg cells and muscle satellite cells (MuSCs), conventional T cells (Tconv) is discussed (the former is involved in the entire repair and regeneration process, while the latter matters considerably in causing most skeletal muscle autoimmune diseases); Next, focus is placed on the control of Treg cells on the phenotypic switch of macrophages, which is the key to the switch of inflammation; Finally, factors regulating the functional process of Treg cells are analyzed, and a regulatory network centered on Treg cells is summarized. The present study summarizes the cell-mediated interactions in skeletal muscle repair over the past decade, and elucidates the central role of regulatory T cells in this process, so that other researchers can more quickly and comprehensively understand the development and direction of this very field. It is believed that the hereby proposed viewpoints and problems can provide fresh visions for the latecomers.
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Lai Y, Zhao S, Chen B, Huang Y, Guo C, Li M, Ye B, Wang S, Zhang H, Yang N. Iron controls T helper cell pathogenicity by promoting glucose metabolism in autoimmune myopathy. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e999. [PMID: 35917405 PMCID: PMC9345506 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T helper cells in patients with autoimmune disease of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are characterized with the proinflammatory phenotypes. The underlying mechanisms remain unknown. METHODS RNA sequencing was performed for differential expression genes. Gene expression in CD4+ T-cells was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. CD4+ T-cells from IIM patients or healthy controls were evaluated for metabolic activities by Seahorse assay. Glucose uptake, T-cell proliferation and differentiation were evaluated and measured by flow cytometry. Human CD4+ T-cells treated with iron chelators or Pfkfb4 siRNA were measured for glucose metabolism, proliferation and differentiation. Signalling pathway activation was evaluated by western blot and flow cytometry. Mouse model of experimental autoimmune myositis (EAM) were induced and treated with iron chelator or rapamycin. CD4+ T-cell differentiation and muscle inflammation in the EAM mice were evaluated. RESULTS RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that iron was involved with glucose metabolism and CD4+ T-cell differentiation. IIM patient-derived CD4+ T-cells showed enhanced glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration, which was inhibited by iron chelation. CD4+ T-cells from patients with IIM was proinflammatory and iron chelation suppressed the differentiation of interferon gamma (IFNγ)- and interleukin (IL)-17A-producing CD4+ T-cells, which resulted in an increased percentage of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Mechanistically, iron promoted glucose metabolism by an upregulation of PFKFB4 through AKT-mTOR signalling pathway. Notably, the knockdown of Pfkfb4 decreased glucose influx and thus suppressed the differentiation of IFNγ- and IL-17A-producing CD4+ T-cells. In vivo, iron chelation inhibited mTOR signalling pathway and reduced PFKFB4 expression in CD4+ T-cells, resulting in reduced proinflammatory IFNγ- and IL-17A-producing CD4+ T-cells and increased Foxp3+ Treg cells, leading to ameliorated muscle inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Iron directs CD4+ T-cells into a proinflammatory phenotype by enhancing glucose metabolism. Therapeutic targeting of iron metabolism should have the potential to normalize glucose metabolism in CD4+ T-cells and reverse their proinflammatory phenotype in IIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Lai
- Department of RheumatologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Siyuan Zhao
- Department of RheumatologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Binfeng Chen
- Department of RheumatologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuefang Huang
- Department of PediatricsThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chaohuan Guo
- Department of RheumatologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Department of RheumatologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Baokui Ye
- Department of RheumatologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Department of RheumatologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of RheumatologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Institute of Precision MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Niansheng Yang
- Department of RheumatologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Yamada T, Ashida Y, Tamai K, Kimura I, Yamauchi N, Naito A, Tokuda N, Westerblad H, Andersson DC, Himori K. Improved skeletal muscle fatigue resistance in experimental autoimmune myositis mice following high-intensity interval training. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:156. [PMID: 35761371 PMCID: PMC9235155 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02846-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Muscle weakness and decreased fatigue resistance are key manifestations of systemic autoimmune myopathies (SAMs). We here examined whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) improves fatigue resistance in the skeletal muscle of experimental autoimmune myositis (EAM) mice, a widely used animal model for SAM. Methods Female BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to control (CNT) or EAM groups (n = 28 in each group). EAM was induced by immunization with three injections of myosin emulsified in complete Freund’s adjuvant. The plantar flexor (PF) muscles of mice with EAM were exposed to either an acute bout or 4 weeks of HIIT (a total of 14 sessions). Results The fatigue resistance of PF muscles was lower in the EAM than in the CNT group (P < 0.05). These changes were associated with decreased activities of citrate synthase and cytochrome c oxidase and increased expression levels of the endoplasmic reticulum stress proteins (glucose-regulated protein 78 and 94, and PKR-like ER kinase) (P < 0.05). HIIT restored all these alterations and increased the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and the mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes (I, III, and IV) in the muscles of EAM mice (P < 0.05). Conclusions HIIT improves fatigue resistance in a SAM mouse model, and this can be explained by the restoration of mitochondria oxidative capacity via inhibition of the ER stress pathway and PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Role of Regulatory T Cells in Skeletal Muscle Regeneration: A Systematic Review. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060817. [PMID: 35740942 PMCID: PMC9220893 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle injuries are frequent in individuals with genetic myopathies and in athletes. Skeletal muscle regeneration depends on the activation and differentiation of satellite cells present in the basal lamina of muscle fibers. The skeletal muscle environment is critical for repair, metabolic and homeostatic function. Regulatory T cells (Treg) residing within skeletal muscle comprise a distinct and special cell population that modifies the inflammatory environment by secreting cytokines and amphiregulin, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligand that acts directly upon satellite cells, promoting tissue regeneration. This systematic review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the role of Treg in muscle repair and discusses their therapeutic potential in skeletal muscle injuries. A bibliographic search was carried out using the terms Treg and muscle regeneration and repair, covering all articles up to April 2021 indexed in the PubMed and EMBASE databases. The search included only published original research in human and experimental animal models, with further data analysis based on the PICO methodology, following PRISMA definitions and Cochrane guidelines.
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Liu YX, Song YJ, Liu XH, Xu SC, Kong C, Chen LF, Qian H, Wu W. PD-1 inhibitor induces myocarditis by reducing regulatory T cells, activating inflammatory responses, promoting myocardial apoptosis and autophagy. Cytokine 2022; 157:155932. [PMID: 35691121 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the pathogenesis of autoimmune myocarditis induced by PD-1 inhibitors and their potential therapeutic targets. Mouse models of autoimmune myocarditis induced by PD-1 inhibitor in mouse models of polymyositis were established. The expression level of PD-1 and regulatory T cells (Tregs), CD4, CD8 + T cells, inflammation, apoptosis and autophagy-related factors, including IL-6, TGF-β, AMA-M2, Fas/FasL, LC3 and p62 were detected in peripheral blood, muscle or myocardium of mice in each group, using ELISA, RT-PCR, Western Blot and immunofluorescence. In addition, HE and TUNEL staining and ultrastructural scanning were performed on the myocardium of mice in each group. Results showed that the expression level of PD-1 in the two myositis groups was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the level of PD-1 was lower in the myocarditis group than that in the polymyositis group. In the myocardium, TGF-β, p62, and Tregs proportion showed the same expression level trend as PD-1, while CD8, IL-6, IL-10 and LC3 showed the opposite trend. Levels of Fas/FasL were significantly higher in both myositis groups, but were slightly lower in the myocarditis group, as was AMA-M2. Inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy were observed in both myositis groups, but were more severe in the myocarditis group. In summary, the decreased expression level of PD-1 leads to decreased Tregs level in the myocardium, aggravated inflammatory response, apoptosis and autophagy, which may be the pathological mechanism of myocarditis induced by PD-1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Xian Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Jun Song
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Chi Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lian-Feng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Zhang H, He F, Zhou L, Shi M, Li F, Jia H. Activation of TLR4 induces inflammatory muscle injury via mTOR and NF-κB pathways in experimental autoimmune myositis mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 603:29-34. [PMID: 35276460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) is an autoimmune disease that invades skeletal muscle; however, the etiology of IIM is still poorly understood. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 has been widely reported to take part in the autoimmune inflammation of IIMs. The mammalian target of rapamycin, mTOR, is a key central substance which mediates immune responses and metabolic changes, and also has been confirmed to be involved in the pathogenesis of IIMs. However, the interconnectedness between TLR4 and mTOR in IIM inflammation has not been fully elucidated. We hypothesized that TLR4 may play an important role in IIM inflammatory muscle injury by regulating mTOR. Mice were divided into four groups: a normal control group, IIM animal model (experimental autoimmune myositis, EAM) group, TAK242 intervention group and rapamycin (RAPA) intervention group. The results of EAM mice showed that TLR4, mTOR, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and inflammatory factors interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and interferon γ (IFN-γ) mRNA levels were significantly upregulated. These factors were positively correlated with the degree of muscle inflammatory injury. When EAM mice were given the antagonist TAK242 to inhibit the TLR4 pathway, the results demonstrated that both mTOR and NF-κB were downregulated in the muscle of the mice. Muscle staining showed that the inflammatory injury was alleviated and the EAM mouse muscle strength was improved. Then, RAPA was used to inhibit the mTOR pathway, and the inflammatory factors IL-17A and IFN-γ were downregulated in EAM mouse muscle and serum. Consistently, muscle inflammatory injury was significantly reduced, and muscle strength was significantly improved. Our results suggest that TLR4 may regulate inflammatory muscle injury in EAM by activating the mTOR and NF-κB pathways, which provides both an experimental complement for the pathological mechanism of IIM and an encouraging target for the selection of effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongya Zhang
- Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China; Department of Neurology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fangyuan He
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Linfu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fangming Li
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Hongge Jia
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.
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Study of the correlation between the noncanonical pathway of pyroptosis and idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 98:107810. [PMID: 34116285 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) is complex and unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the noncanonical pathway of pyroptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of IIM, and the intervention effect of drugs glyburide and bright blue G (BBG). METHODS After the drug intervention, we detected the expression of the caspase-4, caspase-5, caspase-11, GSDMD, pannexin-1, NLRP3 and P2X7R proteins in skeletal muscle tissues from the six groups using Western blotting. We detected the expression of the caspase-11, GSDMD, pannexin-1, NLRP3 and P2X7R mRNAs in skeletal muscle tissues from the six groups using RT-qPCR and detected the serum IL-18 and IL-1β levels in the six groups using ELISAs. RESULT Lower expression levels of the P2X7R and NLRP3 proteins were observed in the EAM + BBG group than in the EAM1 group (P < 0.05). The expression of NLRP3 in the EAM + glyburide group was lower than in the EAM2 group (P < 0.05). Lower expression levels of the P2X7R and NLRP3 mRNAs were detected in the EAM + BBG group than in the EAM1 group (P < 0.05). NLRP3 was expressed at lower levels in the EAM + glyburide group than in the EAM2 group (P < 0.05). Lower serum IL-1β levels were detected in the EAM + BBG group than in the EAM1 group (P < 0.05), and serum IL-1β and IL-18 levels in the EAM + glyburide group were lower than those in the EAM2 group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the noncanonical pathway of pyroptosis may be involved in the pathogenesis of IIM, and glyburide and BBG exert certain intervention effects on its pathogenesis.
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Yu Z, Cheng H, Liang Y, Ding T, Yan C, Gao C, Wen H. Decreased Serum 25-(OH)-D Level Associated With Muscle Enzyme and Myositis Specific Autoantibodies in Patients With Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:642070. [PMID: 33936057 PMCID: PMC8082096 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.642070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine whether there is serum vitamin D deficiency and the low levels of serum vitamin D are correlated with serological and immunological indexes in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM). Methods A total of 63 newly diagnosed patients with IIM, and 55 age- and sex- matched healthy controls were enrolled. Serum levels of 25-(OH)-D were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The correlations of 25-(OH)-D levels with disease indicators and T cell subsets were analyzed. Result The levels of serum 25-(OH)-D in IIM were significantly lower than those in healthy controls (9.36 ± 5.56 vs 26.56 ± 5.37 ng/ml, p<0.001). The levels of serum liver enzyme ALT and AST and muscle enzyme CK, CKMB, LDH and HBDH were elevated as deficiency of vitamin D. In addition, the serum 25-(OH)-D levels were negatively correlated to ALT (r = -0.408, p = 0.001) and AST (r = -0.338, p = 0.007). The 25-(OH)-D levels in IIM patients in presence of anti-Jo-1 were significantly lower than those in patients without anti-Jo-1 (5.24 ± 3.17 vs 9.32 ± 5.60 ng/ml; p = 0.037). Similar results were found in patients with or without anti-Mi-2 antibody. The serum 25-(OH)-D levels were positively associated with total T (r = 0.203, p = 0.012) and Treg cells (r = 0.331, p = 0.013). The patients with deficient levels of vitamin D were more likely to have heliotrope, gastrointestinal and liver involvement. Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency existed in IIM patients, which was significantly correlated with muscle enzyme, presence of anti-Jo-1 and anti-Mi-2 antibody, and the absolute numbers of total T and Treg cells in IIM. It is suggested that vitamin D may play an important role in the immunological pathogenesis of IIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yu
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuying Liang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tingting Ding
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chenglan Yan
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chong Gao
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hongyan Wen
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Taiyuan, China
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De Lorenzo R, Sciorati C, Monno A, Cavalli S, Bonomi F, Tronci S, Previtali S, Rovere-Querini P. Begelomab for severe refractory dermatomyositis: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24372. [PMID: 33655912 PMCID: PMC7939186 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Severe refractory idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) represents a challenge for the clinician. The lack of efficacy of available tools reflects our incomplete insight into the molecular events sustaining the inflammatory tissue damage in these patients. We present the first case of refractory IIM treated with anti-dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4)/cluster of differentiation 26 (CD26) monoclonal antibody. PATIENT CONCERNS A 55-year old man presented with proximal muscle weakness, diffuse erythematous skin lesions which rapidly evolved into ulcerations, dysphagia and dysphonia. DIAGNOSIS Increased serum creatine kinase levels and histological findings at muscle and skin biopsies were compatible with the diagnosis of dermatomyositis (DM). Several lines of treatment failed to control the disease including steroids, mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus, intravenous immunoglobulins and rituximab. Despite therapy, the patient also had recurrent intestinal vasculitis causing bowel perforation. Concurrently, DPP-4/CD26 expression in the patient's skin and skeletal muscle was observed. INTERVENTIONS The patient was treated with begelomab, a murine immunoglobulin G2b monoclonal antibody against DPP-4/CD26. OUTCOMES Dysphagia, skin lesions and intestinal vasculitis resolved and the patient experienced a significant improvement of his quality of life. CONCLUSION Blockade of DPP-4/CD26, which is expressed on T cells and mediates T cell activation and function, is safe and might be effective in patients with refractory DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clara Sciorati
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele
| | - Antonella Monno
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele
| | | | | | - Stefano Tronci
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Previtali
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rovere-Querini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele
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Himori K, Ashida Y, Tatebayashi D, Abe M, Saito Y, Chikenji T, Westerblad H, Andersson DC, Yamada T. Eccentric Resistance Training Ameliorates Muscle Weakness in a Mouse Model of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 73:848-857. [PMID: 33191613 DOI: 10.1002/art.41594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-force eccentric contractions (ECCs) have traditionally been excluded from rehabilitation programs that include patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) due to unverified fear of causing muscle damage and inflammation. In an IIM animal model that used mice with experimental autoimmune myositis (EAM), we undertook this study to investigate whether ECC training can safely and effectively be used to counteract muscle weakness in IIM. METHODS EAM was induced in BALB/c mice by immunization with 3 injections of myosin emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant. Controls (n = 12) and mice with EAM (n = 12) were exposed to either an acute bout of 100 ECCs or 4 weeks of ECC training (20 ECCs every other day). To induce ECCs, plantar flexor muscles were electrically stimulated while the ankle was forcibly dorsiflexed. RESULTS Less cell damage, as assessed by Evans blue dye uptake, was observed in the muscles of mice with EAM, compared to controls, after an acute bout of 100 ECCs (P < 0.05). Maximum Ca2+ -activated force was decreased in skinned gastrocnemius muscle fibers from mice with EAM, and this was accompanied by increased expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress proteins, including Gsp78 and Gsp94 (P < 0.05). ECC training prevented the decrease in force and the increase in ER stress proteins and also enhanced the expression and myofibrillar binding of small heat-shock proteins (HSPs) (P < 0.05), which can stabilize myofibrillar structure and function. CONCLUSION ECC training protected against the reduction in myofibrillar force-generating capacity in an IIM mouse model, and this occurred via inhibition of ER stress responses and small HSP-mediated myofibrillar stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Himori
- Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan, and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Ashida
- Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan, and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masami Abe
- Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Saito
- Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takako Chikenji
- Sapporo Medical University and Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Daniel C Andersson
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, and Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
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13
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Meyer HJ, Schneider I, Emmer A, Kornhuber M, Surov A. Associations between apparent diffusion coefficient values and histopathological tissue alterations in myopathies. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01809. [PMID: 32860496 PMCID: PMC7667360 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) can reflect histopathologic changes in muscle disorders. The present study sought to elucidate possible associations between histopathology derived from muscle biopsies and DWI in myositis and other myopathies. METHODS Nineteen patients (10 women, 52.6%) with a mean age 51.43 ± 19 years were included in this retrospective study. Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) were evaluated with a histogram approach of the biopsied muscle. The histopathology analysis included the scoring systems proposed by Tateyama et al., Fanin et al., Allenbach et al. and immunhistochemical stainings for MHC, CD68, CD8, and CD4. RESULTS There was a tendency that skewness was lowered with increasing Tateyama score, but it did not reach statistical significance (p = .14). No statistical differences for the other scores were identified. There was a tendency that kurtosis was higher in MHC negative stained patient compared to positive patients, but statistically significance was not reached (p = .07). ADC histogram parameters did not correlate with CD68 and CD8 positive stained cells. There was a trend for skewness to correlate with the amount of CD4-positive cells (r = .57, p = .07). CONCLUSION The present study could not identify statistical significant associations between DWI and histopathology in muscle diseases based upon a small patient sample. Presumably, the investigated histopathology scores are more specific for certain disease aspects, whereas ADC values reflect the whole cellularity of the investigated muscle, which might cause the negative results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Jonas Meyer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ilka Schneider
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Alexander Emmer
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Malte Kornhuber
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Alexey Surov
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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14
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Kang J, Feng D, Yang F, Tian X, Han W, Jia H. Comparison of rapamycin and methylprednisolone for treating inflammatory muscle disease in a murine model of experimental autoimmune myositis. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:219-226. [PMID: 32536994 PMCID: PMC7291653 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are a group of autoimmune inflammatory muscle diseases. Rapamycin has been shown to ameliorate inflammation and improve muscle function in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune myositis (EAM). In the present study, the therapeutic effect of rapamycin was compared with methylprednisolone (MP) on EAM. Mice were injected with myosin for 10 days to induce EAM and were subsequently treated with rapamycin (1.5 mg/kg), MP (40 mg/kg) or placebo (DMSO) for 14 days. The rapamycin-treated group exhibited significantly decreased severe inflammation and improved muscle strength compared with the MP-treated group. The plasma transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) concentration in the rapamycin-treated group was significantly higher compared with the placebo group. However, both treatment groups exhibited significantly lower plasma interleukin-10 levels compared with the placebo group. Moreover, splenic regulatory T cell frequency in both the rapamycin- and MP-treated animals was significantly lower than that in the animals of the placebo group. Rapamycin showed better immune suppressive effects than MP in this model of EAM, and these effects were likely to be mediated by the TGF-β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Kang
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xincheng, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Dongyun Feng
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xincheng, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xincheng, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojia Tian
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xincheng, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Han
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xincheng, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Hongge Jia
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xincheng, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China.,Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518034, P.R. China
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15
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Exercise enhances skeletal muscle regeneration by promoting senescence in fibro-adipogenic progenitors. Nat Commun 2020; 11:889. [PMID: 32060352 PMCID: PMC7021787 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies cause progressive muscle weakness and degeneration. Since high-dose glucocorticoids might not lead to full recovery of muscle function, physical exercise is also an important intervention, but some exercises exacerbate chronic inflammation and muscle fibrosis. It is unknown how physical exercise can have both beneficial and detrimental effects in chronic myopathy. Here we show that senescence of fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) in response to exercise-induced muscle damage is needed to establish a state of regenerative inflammation that induces muscle regeneration. In chronic inflammatory myopathy model mice, exercise does not promote FAP senescence or resistance against tumor necrosis factor–mediated apoptosis. Pro-senescent intervention combining exercise and pharmacological AMPK activation reverses FAP apoptosis resistance and improves muscle function and regeneration. Our results demonstrate that the absence of FAP senescence after exercise leads to muscle degeneration with FAP accumulation. FAP-targeted pro-senescent interventions with exercise and pharmacological AMPK activation may constitute a therapeutic strategy for chronic inflammatory myopathy. Some exercises exacerbate chronic inflammation and muscle fibrosis in chronic myopathy. Here, the authors show that senescence of fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) in response to exercise induces muscle regeneration, and impaired FAP senescence worsens inflammation and fibrosis in chronic myopathy in mice.
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16
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Maalouly G, Hajal J, Saliba Y, Rached G, Layoun H, Smayra V, Sleilaty G, Irani C, Fares N. Beneficial role of simvastatin in experimental autoimmune myositis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 79:106051. [PMID: 31863923 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Statins have immunomodulatory potential in autoimmune diseases but had not been studied as a disease-modifying agent in inflammatory myopathies. The objective of this study is to assess the effect of simvastatin in an experimental model of autoimmune myositis in mice on muscle strength and histopathology. METHODS Four groups of mice (n = 5 per group) were selected for experimentally induced myositis. Mice were immunized with 1.5 mg myosin in complete Freund's adjuvant weekly for two times and injected with 500 ng pertussis toxin twice immediately after each immunization. From day 1 before immunization to 10 days after the last immunization, mice were treated with oral simvastatin (10 or 20 or 40 mg/kg) diluted in DMSO. The control group mice were injected with complete Freund's adjuvant weekly for two times and did not receive treatment. Non-immunized mice (n = 5 per group) were treated either with simvastatin (5 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg or 40 mg/kg of simvastatin diluted in DMSO) or with DMSO. RESULTS Inflammation was observed in myositis groups with positive myositis-specific antibodies. Muscle strength dropped significantly after immunization. Immunized simvastatin 20 mg/kg treated group had significantly higher muscle strength versus non-treated myositis mice and versus other simvastatin doses. Besides, a trend toward higher serum Th17 percentage population was found in immunized non-treated mice, versus immunized simvastatin- treated mice, without significant difference. CONCLUSION Simvastatin at 20 mg/kg decreases the severity of myositis in experimental autoimmune myositis and is a candidate of being a disease-modifying agent in inflammatory myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Maalouly
- Faculty of Medicine, CHU Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - J Hajal
- Physiology and Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Pole of Technology and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Y Saliba
- Physiology and Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Pole of Technology and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - G Rached
- Physiology and Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Pole of Technology and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - H Layoun
- Physiology and Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Pole of Technology and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - V Smayra
- Faculty of Medicine, CHU Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - G Sleilaty
- Faculty of Medicine, CHU Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - C Irani
- Faculty of Medicine, CHU Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - N Fares
- Physiology and Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Pole of Technology and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.
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17
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Skeletal muscle as potential central link between sarcopenia and immune senescence. EBioMedicine 2019; 49:381-388. [PMID: 31662290 PMCID: PMC6945275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As our population grows older, age-related pathologies are becoming more prevalent. Deterioration of skeletal muscle and the immune system manifests as sarcopenia and immune senescence respectively. The disease burden of these pathologies emphasizes the need for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Skeletal muscle has emerged as a potent regulator of immune system function. As such, skeletal muscle might be the central integrator between sarcopenia and immune senescence in an aging biological system. Therapeutic approaches targeting skeletal muscle might be able to restore both muscle and immune system function. In this review, we therefore outline the current - however still fragmentary - knowledge about the potential communication pathways of muscle and immune system, how they are affected by aging of skeletal muscle and discuss possible treatment strategies. The review intends to be hypothesis-generating and should thereby stimulate further research in this important scientific field.
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18
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Mammen AL, Allenbach Y, Stenzel W, Benveniste O. 239th ENMC International Workshop: Classification of dermatomyositis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 14-16 December 2018. Neuromuscul Disord 2019; 30:70-92. [PMID: 31791867 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Mammen
- Muscle Disease Unit, Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 50 South Drive, Building 50, Room 1146, MD 20892, United States.
| | - Yves Allenbach
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Pitié Salpetrière Hospital, AP-HP Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Werner Stenzel
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitatsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olivier Benveniste
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Pitié Salpetrière Hospital, AP-HP Sorbonne University, Paris, France
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19
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Martin GR, Henare K, Salazar C, Scheidl-Yee T, Eggen LJ, Tailor PP, Kim JH, Podstawka J, Fritzler MJ, Kelly MM, Yipp BG, Jirik FR. Expression of a constitutively active human STING mutant in hematopoietic cells produces an Ifnar1-dependent vasculopathy in mice. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/3/e201800215. [PMID: 31221625 PMCID: PMC6587127 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic expression of a mutant hSTING cDNA under the control of the Vav1 gene promoter leads to a vasculopathy similar to that of the interferonopathy, STING-associated vasculopathy of infancy. STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI) is an autoinflammatory disorder characterized by blood vessel occlusions, acral necrosis, myositis, rashes, and pulmonary inflammation that are the result of activating mutations in the STimulator of Interferon Genes (STING). We generated a transgenic line that recapitulates many of the phenotypic aspects of SAVI by targeting the expression of the human STING-N154S–mutant protein to the murine hematopoietic compartment. hSTING-N154S mice demonstrated failure to gain weight, lymphopenia, progressive paw swelling accompanied by inflammatory infiltrates, severe myositis, and ear and tail necrosis. However, no significant lung inflammation was observed. X-ray microscopy imaging revealed vasculopathy characterized by arteriole occlusions and venous thromboses. Type I interferons and proinflammatory mediators were elevated in hSTING-N154S sera. Importantly, the phenotype was prevented in hSTING-N154S mice lacking the type I interferon receptor gene (Ifnar1). This model, based on a mutant human STING protein, may shed light on the pathophysiological mechanisms operative in SAVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary R Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada .,The McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Kimiora Henare
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,The McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Carolina Salazar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,The McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Teresa Scheidl-Yee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,The McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Laura J Eggen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,The McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Pankaj P Tailor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,The McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Jung Hwan Kim
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - John Podstawka
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Marvin J Fritzler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,The McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Margaret M Kelly
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Bryan G Yipp
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Frank R Jirik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada .,The McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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20
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Chikenji TS, Saito Y, Konari N, Nakano M, Mizue Y, Otani M, Fujimiya M. p16 INK4A-expressing mesenchymal stromal cells restore the senescence-clearance-regeneration sequence that is impaired in chronic muscle inflammation. EBioMedicine 2019; 44:86-97. [PMID: 31129096 PMCID: PMC6604166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The therapeutic benefits of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) include treatment of chronic inflammation. However, given the short-lived engraftment of these cells in vivo, their therapeutic efficacy remains mysterious. Transient induction of cellular senescence contributes to activation of immune cells, which promotes clearance of damaged cells during tissue remodelling. This may occur in tissue-resident mesenchymal progenitor cells during regeneration. Elucidation of the role of senescence in tissue-resident mesenchymal progenitor cells during regeneration would provide insight into the profile of therapeutic MSCs for treatment of chronic inflammatory disease. METHODS We evaluated multipotent mesenchymal progenitor cells, termed fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs), and immune cells in acute muscle injury (AMI) model mice and mice with myosin-induced experimental autoimmune myositis, a model of chronic inflammatory myopathy (CIM). Human bone marrow MSCs were optimised for the treatment of CIM using placental extract. FINDING FAPs in AMI transiently expressed p16INK4A on days 1 and 2 after injury and recruited phagocytic immune cells, whereas in CIM, p16INK4A expression in FAPs was low. Cellular senescence occurs during the natural maturation of the placenta. Therefore, we used human placental extract to induce p16INK4A expression in therapeutic human bone marrow MSCs in culture. Treatment of CIM with p16INK4A-expressing MSCs promoted tissue remodelling by transiently increasing the abundance of engrafted MSCs, inducing cellular senescence in innate FAPs, and recruiting phagocytic immune cells. INTERPRETATION MSCs may exert their effect by remodelling the chronic inflammatory environment via senescence-related regenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako S Chikenji
- Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan.
| | - Yuki Saito
- Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan
| | - Naoto Konari
- Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan
| | - Masako Nakano
- Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan
| | - Yuka Mizue
- Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan
| | - Miho Otani
- Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan
| | - Mineko Fujimiya
- Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan
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21
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Roos A, Preusse C, Hathazi D, Goebel HH, Stenzel W. Proteomic Profiling Unravels a Key Role of Specific Macrophage Subtypes in Sporadic Inclusion Body Myositis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1040. [PMID: 31143183 PMCID: PMC6522546 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Unbiased proteomic profiling was performed toward the identification of biological parameters relevant in sIBM, thus giving hints about the pathophysiological processes and the existence of new reliable markers. For that purpose, skeletal muscle biopsies from 13 sIBM and 7 non-diseased control patients were analyzed with various methods, including liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (four patients). Subsequent data analysis identified key molecules further studied in a larger cohort by qPCR, immunostaining, and immunofluorescence in situ. Proteomic signature of muscle biopsies derived from sIBM patients revealed the chaperone and cell surface marker CD74, the macrophage scavenger molecule CD163 and the transcription activator STAT1 to be among the highly and relevantly expressed proteins suggesting a significant contribution of immune cells among the myofibers expressing these markers. Moreover, in silico studies showed that 39% of upregulated proteins were involved in type I or mixed type I and type II interferon immunity. Indeed, further studies via immunohistochemistry clearly confirmed the prominent involvement of the key type I interferon signature-related molecules, ISG15 as well as IRF8 with MHC class II+ myofibers. Siglec1 colocalized with CD163+ macrophages and MHC class II molecules also co-localized with CD74 on macrophages. STAT1 co-localized with Siglec1+ macrophages in active myofibre myophagocytosis while STAT6 colocalized with endomysial macrophages. These combined results show involvement of CD74, CD163, and STAT1 as key molecules of macrophage activation being crucially involved in mixed and specific type I interferon, and interferon gamma associated-pathways in sIBM. On a more general note, these results also highlight the type of immune-interaction between macrophages and myofibers in the etiopathology of sIBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Roos
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders in Children, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften -ISAS- e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Corinna Preusse
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Denisa Hathazi
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften -ISAS- e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Hans-Hilmar Goebel
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Werner Stenzel
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz Science Campus Chronic Inflammation, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Hoeppli RE, Pesenacker AM. Targeting Tregs in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Juvenile Dermatomyositis-Insights From Other Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:46. [PMID: 30740105 PMCID: PMC6355674 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are believed to be dysfunctional in autoimmunity. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) result from a loss of normal immune regulation in specific tissues such as joints or muscle and skin, respectively. Here, we discuss recent findings in regard to Treg biology in oligo-/polyarticular JIA and JDM, as well as what we can learn about Treg-related disease mechanism, treatment and biomarkers in JIA/JDM from studies of other diseases. We explore the potential use of Treg immunoregulatory markers and gene signatures as biomarkers for disease course and/or treatment success. Further, we discuss how Tregs are affected by several treatment strategies already employed in the therapy of JIA and JDM and by alternative immunotherapies such as anti-cytokine or co-receptor targeting. Finally, we review recent successes in using Tregs as a treatment target with low-dose IL-2 or cellular immunotherapy. Thus, this mini review will highlight our current understanding and identify open questions in regard to Treg biology, and how recent findings may advance biomarkers and new therapies for JIA and JDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy E Hoeppli
- Department of Surgery, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anne M Pesenacker
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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23
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Yan P, Zhang Y, Wang C, Lv F, Song L. Interleukin-37 (IL-37) Suppresses Pertussis Toxin-Induced Inflammatory Myopathy in a Rat Model. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:9187-9195. [PMID: 30559337 PMCID: PMC6322374 DOI: 10.12659/msm.910904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent data have demonstrated the potential immunosuppressive roles of interleukin-37 (IL-37) in several diseases, but whether it is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory myopathy has not been elucidated. Material/Methods An experimental autoimmune myositis (EAM) model was built by subcutaneous injections of pertussis toxin (PTX) and purified rabbit myosin (10mg/kg) emulsified with an equal volume of conventional complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) in a Lewis model. Autoimmune myositis Lewis model rats were divided into 3 groups: group A rats (control group) were injected with CFA in saline weekly; group B (IL-37 group) rats were injected with saline with IL-37 and CFA in saline weekly; and group C (IL-37 + SIS3 group) rats were injected with IL-37, CFA, and SIS3. ELISA was also used to assess the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, TGF-β1, and CK. HE staining was performed to assess pathological changes in lung and muscle tissues. Results The expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, TGF-β1, and CK significantly increased in autoimmune myositis Lewis model rats. After IL-37 treatment, the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, TGF-β1, and CK was significantly reduced, as were the inflammatory responses of lung and muscle. However, SIS3 reduced the effects of IL-37 on the autoimmune myositis Lewis model rats. Conclusioans These findings indicate that IL-37 protects against inflammatory response via regulating Smad3 in autoimmune myositis Lewis model rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yan
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yuankai Zhang
- Department of Osteology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong General Team Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Ji'nan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Fang Lv
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, People's Hospital of Ri Zhao, Rizhao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Lijun Song
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Bergua C, Chiavelli H, Allenbach Y, Arouche-Delaperche L, Arnoult C, Bourdenet G, Jean L, Zoubairi R, Guerout N, Mahler M, Benveniste O, Drouot L, Boyer O. In vivo pathogenicity of IgG from patients with anti-SRP or anti-HMGCR autoantibodies in immune-mediated necrotising myopathy. Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 78:131-139. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
ObjectivesIn autoimmunity, autoantibodies (aAb) may be simple biomarkers of disease or true pathogenic effectors. A form of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy associated with anti-signal recognition particle (SRP) or anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) aAb has been individualised and is referred to as immune-mediated necrotising myopathy (IMNM). The level of aAb correlates with IMNM activity and disease may respond to immunosuppression, suggesting that they are pathogenic. We aimed to evaluate the pathogenicity of IgG from patients with anti-SRP or anti-HMGCR aAb in vivo by developing the first mouse model of IMNM.MethodsIgG from patients suffering from anti-SRP or anti-HMGCR associated IMNM were passively transferred to wild-type, Rag2-/- or complement C3-/- mice. Muscle deficiency was evaluated by muscle strength on electrostimulation and grip test. Histological analyses were performed after haematoxylin/eosin staining or by immunofluorescence or immunohistochemistry analysis. Antibody levels were quantified by addressable laser bead assay (ALBIA).ResultsPassive transfer of IgG from patients suffering from IMNM to C57BL/6 or Rag2-/- mice provoked muscle deficiency. Pathogenicity of aAb was reduced in C3-/- mice while increased by supplementation with human complement. Breakage of tolerance by active immunisation with SRP or HMGCR provoked disease.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that patient-derived anti-SRP+ and anti-HMGCR+ IgG are pathogenic towards muscle in vivo through a complement-mediated mechanism, definitively establishing the autoimmune character of IMNM. These data support the use of plasma exchanges and argue for evaluating complement-targeting therapies in IMNM.
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Herbelet S, De Bleecker JL. Immune checkpoint failures in inflammatory myopathies: An overview. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:746-754. [PMID: 29885538 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM), inclusion body myositis (IBM), immune mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) and overlap myositis (OM) are classified as inflammatory myopathies (IM) with involvement of autoimmune features such as autoreactive lymphocytes and autoantibodies. Autoimmunity can be defined as a loss in self-tolerance and attack of autoantigens by the immune system. Self-tolerance is achieved by a group of immune mechanisms occurring in central and periphal lymphoid organs and tissues, called immune checkpoints, that work in synergy to protect the body from harmful immune reactions. Autoimmune disorders appear when immune checkpoints fail. In this review, the different immune checkpoint failures are discussed in DM, PM, IBM and IMNM. Exploring research contribution in each of these immune checkpoints might help to highlight research perspectives in the field and obtain a more complete picture of IM disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Herbelet
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Jan L De Bleecker
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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26
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Chen J, Wang J, Zhang J, Pu C. Effect of butylphthalide intervention on experimental autoimmune myositis in guinea pigs. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:152-158. [PMID: 29387187 PMCID: PMC5768128 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are a group of rare muscular diseases that are characterized by acute, subacute or chronic proximal and symmetric muscle weakness, muscle fiber necrosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells, particularly activated CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and phagocytes. 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) protects mitochondria and reduces the inflammatory response in multiple disease models. In myositis, it has remained elusive whether NBP can protect muscle cells from muscle fiber injury. Experimental autoimmune myositis (EAM) was induced in a total of 40 guinea pigs by myosin immunization. After 4 weeks, low- or high-dose NBP solution was intraperitoneally injected. Saline solution was used as a negative control. After 10 days, the clinical manifestations were assessed by determining rodent grasping power, histopathological changes, Ca2+-adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activity by an ATPase kit, and mRNA expression of interferon (IFN)-γ, retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor (ROR)γt and forkhead box (Fox) p3 in muscle tissue by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. It was demonstrated that NBP improved the myodynamia of guinea pigs with EAM and reduced the pathological inflammatory cell infiltration in a dose-dependent manner. NBP improved the Ca2+-ATPase activity of the muscle mitochondrial membrane and muscle plasma membrane in animals with EAM. It also reduced the mRNA expression of IFN-γ and RORγt, and significantly increased the mRNA expression of Foxp3 in muscle tissue. These results provided a basis for the consideration of NBP as a novel agent for the treatment of myositis and other muscular diseases associated with autoimmunity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.,Department of Neurology, The 309th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Jingyang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Jiyan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Chuanqiang Pu
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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27
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IFN-β-induced reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial damage contribute to muscle impairment and inflammation maintenance in dermatomyositis. Acta Neuropathol 2017. [PMID: 28623559 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-017-1731-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dermatomyositis (DM) is an autoimmune disease associated with enhanced type I interferon (IFN) signalling in skeletal muscle, but the mechanisms underlying muscle dysfunction and inflammation perpetuation remain unknown. Transcriptomic analysis of early untreated DM muscles revealed that the main cluster of down-regulated genes was mitochondria-related. Histochemical, electron microscopy, and in situ oxygraphy analysis showed mitochondrial abnormalities, including increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and decreased respiration, which was correlated with low exercise capacities and a type I IFN signature. Moreover, IFN-β induced ROS production in human myotubes was found to contribute to mitochondrial malfunctions. Importantly, the ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) prevented mitochondrial dysfunctions, type I IFN-stimulated transcript levels, inflammatory cell infiltrate, and muscle weakness in an experimental autoimmune myositis mouse model. Thus, these data highlight a central role of mitochondria and ROS in DM. Mitochondrial dysfunctions, mediated by IFN-β induced-ROS, contribute to poor exercise capacity. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunctions increase ROS production that drive type I IFN-inducible gene expression and muscle inflammation, and may thus self-sustain the disease. Given that current DM treatments only induce partial recovery and expose to serious adverse events (including muscular toxicity), protecting mitochondria from dysfunctions may open new therapeutic avenues for DM.
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28
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Chen J, Wang J, Zhang J, Pu C. 3- n-Butylphthalide reduces the oxidative damage of muscles in an experimental autoimmune myositis animal model. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:2085-2093. [PMID: 28962128 PMCID: PMC5609169 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
3-n-Butylphthalide (NBP) protects the mitochondria and reduces apoptosis in multiple disease models. However, it remains to be determined whether NBP can protect muscle cells from oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and apoptosis in myositis. In the present study, a myosin immunization protocol was applied to induce experimental autoimmune myositis (EAM) in guinea pigs. After 4 weeks, a low- or high-dose NBP solution was injected intraperitoneally into the guinea pigs, with saline solution serving as the negative control. After 10 days, the guinea pigs were sacrificed and muscle cells were isolated for analysis. The results revealed that NBP increased the superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, and reduced malondialdehyde activity in the EAM model. Furthermore, NBP enhanced ATPase activity in muscle mitochondrial membranes and muscle fiber membranes, reduced the number of apoptotic cells, and differentially regulated the Bcl-2, Bax and BAD mRNA and protein expression levels in muscle tissues and sera. NBP directly protects muscle mitochondria and muscle cells from oxidative damage. Notably, NBP reduced muscle cell apoptosis. Thus, it is speculated that, as an antioxidant treatment, NBP may benefit individuals with myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, P.R. China.,Department of Neurology, The 309th Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Jingyang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Jiyan Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
| | - Chuanqiang Pu
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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29
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Pandya JM, Venalis P, Al-Khalili L, Shahadat Hossain M, Stache V, Lundberg IE, Malmström V, Fasth AER. CD4+ and CD8+ CD28(null) T Cells Are Cytotoxic to Autologous Muscle Cells in Patients With Polymyositis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 68:2016-26. [PMID: 26895511 DOI: 10.1002/art.39650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammatory T cell infiltrates in the skeletal muscle tissue of patients with polymyositis are dominated by CD28-negative effector (CD28(null) ) T cells of both the CD4 and CD8 lineage. These cells are potentially cytotoxic, and the aim of the present study was to develop a fully autologous cell culture system in which to investigate the functional contribution of such CD28(null) T cells to myotoxicity. METHODS In vitro cocultures of autologous skeletal muscle cells and T cell subsets obtained from 5 polymyositis patients were performed. Myotoxicity of T cells was quantified by calcein release and flow cytometric analyses. T cell degranulation was blocked with concanamycin A. Specific blocking of perforin, cytokines, and HLA was performed using antibodies. RESULTS Both CD4+CD28(null) and CD8+CD28(null) T cells induced more muscle cell death than did their CD28+ counterparts. Differentiated muscle cells (myotubes) were more sensitive to T cell-mediated cell death than were their precursors (myoblasts). Both CD8+ and CD4+ CD28(null) T cells displayed perforin polarization toward muscle cells and secreted higher levels of granzyme B and interferon-γ (IFNγ) in coculture than did CD28+ T cells. The myotoxic effects of CD28(null) T cells were reduced upon the blocking of perforin, cytokines, and HLA. Addition of IFNγ or tumor necrosis factor did not induce skeletal muscle cell death in the absence of T cells; however, it did up-regulate HLA expression on muscle cells. CONCLUSION Myotoxicity of CD4+ and CD8+ CD28(null) T cells is mediated by directed perforin-dependent killing and can be further influenced by IFNγ-induced HLA expression on muscle cells. The data suggest that CD28(null) T cells are key effector cells that contribute to the muscle cell damage in polymyositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayesh M Pandya
- Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Sweden, and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paulius Venalis
- Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Sweden, and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Vanessa Stache
- Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Sweden, and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid E Lundberg
- Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Sweden, and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vivianne Malmström
- Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Sweden, and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas E R Fasth
- Andreas E. R. Fasth, PhD: Karolinska lnstitutet, Schering-Plough, MSD, and Novartis, Stockholm, Sweden
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30
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Keller CW, Schmidt J, Lünemann JD. Immune and myodegenerative pathomechanisms in inclusion body myositis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2017; 4:422-445. [PMID: 28589170 PMCID: PMC5454400 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inclusion Body Myositis (IBM) is a relatively common acquired inflammatory myopathy in patients above 50 years of age. Pathological hallmarks of IBM are intramyofiber protein inclusions and endomysial inflammation, indicating that both myodegenerative and inflammatory mechanisms contribute to its pathogenesis. Impaired protein degradation by the autophagic machinery, which regulates innate and adaptive immune responses, in skeletal muscle fibers has recently been identified as a potential key pathomechanism in IBM. Immunotherapies, which are successfully used for treating other inflammatory myopathies lack efficacy in IBM and so far no effective treatment is available. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanistic pathways underlying progressive muscle weakness and atrophy in IBM is crucial in identifying novel promising targets for therapeutic intervention. Here, we discuss recent insights into the pathomechanistic network of mutually dependent inflammatory and degenerative events during IBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian W. Keller
- Institute of Experimental ImmunologyLaboratory of NeuroinflammationUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Jens Schmidt
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Jan D. Lünemann
- Institute of Experimental ImmunologyLaboratory of NeuroinflammationUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital ZürichZürichSwitzerland
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31
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Afzali AM, Ruck T, Wiendl H, Meuth SG. Animal models in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: How to overcome a translational roadblock? Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:478-494. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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32
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Zhang H, He F, Shi M, Wang W, Tian X, Kang J, Han W, Wu R, Zhou L, Hu M, Li X, Mi F, Zhao G, Jia H. Toll-Like Receptor 4-Myeloid Differentiation Primary Response Gene 88 Pathway Is Involved in the Inflammatory Development of Polymyositis by Mediating Interferon-γ and Interleukin-17A in Humans and Experimental Autoimmune Myositis Mouse Model. Front Neurol 2017; 8:132. [PMID: 28446897 PMCID: PMC5388689 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is one of the key players in the development of many autoimmune diseases. To determine the possible role of TLR4 in polymyositis (PM) development, we collected muscle samples from PM patients and mice subjected to an experimental autoimmune myositis (EAM) model. METHODS We measured TLR4-MyD88 pathway-related factors, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and interleukin-17A (IL-17A) in EAM mice and PM patients. Then, we observed the changes of above factors and the inflammatory development of EAM mice with TLR4 antagonist TAK-242, IFN-γ, or IL-17A antibody treatment. RESULTS The expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB was significantly upregulated in the muscle tissues both in 22 patients with PM and in the EAM model. As expected, increased levels of various cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-α, TGF-β, IFN-γ, and IL-17A, were evident in the serum of EAM mice. Moreover, mRNA expression levels of IFN-γ and IL-17A were significantly increased in both PM patients and EAM mice. Consistently, the levels of these factors were positively correlated with the degree of muscle inflammation in EAM mice. However, when EAM mice were treated with TLR4 antagonist TAK-242, the expression of IFN-γ and IL-17A was decreased. When the cytokines were neutralized by anti-IFN-γ or anti-IL-17A antibody, the inflammatory development of EAM exacerbated or mitigated. CONCLUSION The present study provided the important evidence that the TLR4-MyD88 pathway may be involved in the immune mechanisms of PM by mediating IFN-γ and IL-17A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongya Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fangyuan He
- Department of Neurology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Shi
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenxiu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaojia Tian
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Kang
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjuan Han
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Linfu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengmeng Hu
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Mi
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongge Jia
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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Review on Toll-Like Receptor Activation in Myasthenia Gravis: Application to the Development of New Experimental Models. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2017; 52:133-147. [PMID: 27207173 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-016-8549-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal toll-like receptor (TLR) activation and uncontrolled resolution of inflammation are suspected to play a key role in the development of autoimmune diseases. Acquired myasthenia gravis (MG) is an invalidating neuromuscular disease leading to muscle weaknesses. MG is mainly mediated by anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) autoantibodies, and thymic hyperplasia characterized by ectopic germinal centers is a common feature in MG. An abnormal expression of certain TLRs is observed in the thymus of MG patients associated with the overexpression of interferon (IFN)-β, the orchestrator of thymic changes in MG. Experimental models have been developed for numerous autoimmune diseases. These models are induced by animal immunization with a purified antigen solubilized in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) containing heat-inactivated mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Sensitization against the antigen is mainly due to the activation of TLR signaling pathways by the pathogen motifs displayed by MTB, and attempts have been made to substitute the use of CFA by TLR agonists. AChR emulsified in CFA is used to induce the classical experimental autoimmune MG model (EAMG). However, the TLR4 activator lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has proved to be efficient to replace MTB and induce a sensitization against purified AChR. Poly(I:C), the well-known TLR3 agonist, is also able by itself to induce MG symptoms in mice associated with early thymic changes as observed in human MG. In this review, we discuss the abnormal expression of TLRs in MG patients and we describe the use of TLR agonists to induce EAMG in comparison with other autoimmune experimental models.
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34
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Wan Z, Zhang X, Peng A, He M, Lei Z, Wang Y. TLR4-HMGB1 signaling pathway affects the inflammatory reaction of autoimmune myositis by regulating MHC-I. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 41:74-81. [PMID: 27816788 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the effects of TLR4 on the expression of the HMGB1, MHC-I and downstream cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, and to investigate the biological role of the TLR4-HMGB1 signaling pathway in the development of the autoimmune myositis. METHODS We built mice models with experimental autoimmune myositis (EAM) and used the inverted screen experiment to measure their muscle endurance; we also examined inflammatory infiltration of muscle tissues after HE staining; and we assessed the expression of MHC-I using immunohistochemistry. In addition, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were extracted and flow cytometry was utilized to detect the effect of IFN-γ on the expression of MHC-I. Furthermore, PBMCs were treated with IFN-γ, anti-TLR4, anti-HMGB1 and anti-MHC-I. Real-time PCR and western blotting were employed to examine the expressions of TLR4, HMGB1 and MHC-I in different groups. The ELISA method was also utilized to detect the expression of the downstream cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. RESULTS The expressions of TLR4, HMGB1 and MHC-I in muscle tissues from mice with EAM were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05). After IFN-γ treatment, the expressions of TLR4, HMGB1, MHC-I, TNF-α and IL-6 in PBMCs significantly increased (all P<0.05). The treatment of anti-TLR4, anti-HMGB1 and anti-MHC-I could significantly downregulate the expression of MHC-I (all P<0.05). In addition, anti-TLR4 and anti-HMGB1 significantly reduced the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The TLR4-HMGB1 signaling pathway affects the process of autoimmune myositis inflammation by regulating the expression of MHC-I and other pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemin Wan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Department of Liver Disease, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Anping Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Min He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenhua Lei
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunxiu Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
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Tseng CC, Chang SJ, Tsai WC, Ou TT, Wu CC, Sung WY, Hsieh MC, Yen JH. Increased Incidence of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in Polymyositis: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2016; 69:1231-1237. [PMID: 27723283 DOI: 10.1002/acr.23119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Past studies have shown common pathologic characteristics and shared immunologic features between polymyositis (PM) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To explore the potential relationship between the 2 diseases, we performed a nationwide cohort study. METHODS We identified all newly diagnosed patients with PM from Taiwan's Registry of Catastrophic Illness Database between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2011. Each PM patient was matched to ≤5 control patients from the National Health Insurance Research Database by sex, age, and entry date. Cumulative incidence of ALS was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log rank test. Cox hazard regression was used to calculate the hazard ratio of ALS. RESULTS A total of 1,778 PM patients and 8,124 control patients were enrolled. PM patients had a higher cumulative incidence of ALS (P < 0.001). There was a positive correlation in being diagnosed with ALS in patients previously diagnosed with PM when stratified by sex. Consistent trends were conserved across different age strata. The strength of this association remained statistically significant after adjusting for sex, age, and concomitant autoimmune diseases (hazard ratio 25.72 [95% confidence interval 2.95-224.58]; P = 0.003). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that a diagnosis of PM increased the likelihood of a subsequent ALS diagnosis, independent of sex, age, and concomitant autoimmune diseases. Future studies are warranted to clarify the underlying biologic mechanisms and to translate them into clinical therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wen-Chan Tsai
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsan-Teng Ou
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chin Wu
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Sung
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chia Hsieh
- Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, and China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Hsien Yen
- Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, and Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Breser ML, Lino AC, Motrich RD, Godoy GJ, Demengeot J, Rivero VE. Regulatory T cells control strain specific resistance to Experimental Autoimmune Prostatitis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33097. [PMID: 27624792 PMCID: PMC5022010 DOI: 10.1038/srep33097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to autoimmune diseases results from the encounter of a complex and long evolved genetic context with a no less complex and changing environment. Major actors in maintaining health are regulatory T cells (Treg) that primarily dampen a large subset of autoreactive lymphocytes escaping thymic negative selection. Here, we directly asked whether Treg participate in defining susceptibility and resistance to Experimental Autoimmune Prostatitis (EAP). We analyzed three common laboratory strains of mice presenting with different susceptibility to autoimmune prostatitis upon immunization with prostate proteins. The NOD, the C57BL/6 and the BALB/c mice that can be classified along a disease score ranging from severe, mild and to undetectable, respectively. Upon mild and transient depletion of Treg at the induction phase of EAP, each model showed an increment along this score, most remarkably with the BALB/c mice switching from a resistant to a susceptible phenotype. We further show that disease associates with the upregulation of CXCR3 expression on effector T cells, a process requiring IFNγ. Together with recent advances on environmental factors affecting Treg, these findings provide a likely cellular and molecular explanation to the recent rise in autoimmune diseases incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Breser
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Ruben D Motrich
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gloria J Godoy
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Virginia E Rivero
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina
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Schiaffino S, Pereira MG, Ciciliot S, Rovere-Querini P. Regulatory T cells and skeletal muscle regeneration. FEBS J 2016; 284:517-524. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcelo G. Pereira
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM); Padova Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Padova; Italy
| | - Stefano Ciciliot
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM); Padova Italy
- Department of Medicine (DIMED); University of Padova; Italy
| | - Patrizia Rovere-Querini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease; San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University; Milano Italy
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Anh-Tu Hoa S, Hudson M. Critical review of the role of intravenous immunoglobulins in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2016; 46:488-508. [PMID: 27908534 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to summarize key findings from the literature concerning the therapeutic role of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), dissecting the evidence according to disease subtype and treatment indication, and to review the evidence relating to the mechanism of action of IVIg in IIM to ascertain rationale for continued research. METHODS Medline (Ovid) and Pubmed databases were searched from inception to July 2016 using relevant keywords. Original and review articles were retrieved for full-text review. Bibliographies of selected articles were also hand-searched for additional references. Data were summarized qualitatively and in tabular form. RESULTS The efficacy of IVIg in IIM is supported by 3 randomized controlled trials, involving dermatomyositis and polymyositis subjects, in refractory, relapsed, or steroid-dependent disease, as well as part of first-line therapy in elderly dermatomyositis subjects. Other indications for IVIg are supported by uncontrolled evidence only. Limitations of studies include open, uncontrolled or retrospective study designs, small and selected samples, short-term follow-up and ad hoc outcome measures. Despite the limited evidence, there is strong biological plausibility for the role of IVIg in IIM. CONCLUSION Robust, controlled evidence to support the use of IVIg using validated outcome measures is urgently required to guide therapeutic decision-making and maximize outcomes in IIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Anh-Tu Hoa
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie Hudson
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Wen-Jing L, Chuan-Qiang P, Hong-Hua L, Xiang-Hui L, Jie-Xiao L. A new modified animal model of myosin-induced experimental autoimmune myositis enhanced by defibrase. Arch Med Sci 2015; 11:1272-8. [PMID: 26788090 PMCID: PMC4697045 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2015.52883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated the effect of defibrase (a proteolytic enzyme extraction of Agkistrodon halys venom) on experimental autoimmune myositis (EAM) in guinea pigs and explored the option of using a modified pig model of EAM to enhance the study of this disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS Guinea pigs were divided into 3 groups: group A (control group) was immunized with complete Freund adjuvant (CFA), then received 6 injections of saline weekly; group B (EAM group) was immunized with partially purified rabbit myosin emulsified with CFA, then received an injection of saline; group C (EAM + defibrase group) was immunized with purified rabbit myosin emulsified with CFA, then received an injection of defibrase. The animals were observed for their general health condition and the body weight was measured daily. Plasma levels of fibrinogen and creatine kinase (CK) were determined. Muscle tissues were examined histologically. RESULTS After immunizations for 6 weeks, incidence of EAM in groups A, B and C was 0 (0/7), 83.3% (10/12) and 100% (15/15), respectively. Guinea pigs with EAM presented angeitis symptoms of muscle weakness. Histological analysis revealed a significant difference. Muscles with EAM had scattered or diffuse inflammatory manifestations, which are also common pathological features of human idiopathic polymyositis (IPM). Defibrase-treated animals displayed extensive inflammation and fiber necrosis compared with the EAM group (histological score: 2.80 ±1.15 vs. 1.88 ±1.32, p < 0.05). Severity of inflammation of group B was mainly mild to moderate; 16.7% (2/12) of animals developed severe inflammation. Incidence of severe inflammation with a score up to 4 in group C was 40% (6/15). CONCLUSIONS Defibrase can exacerbate myosin-induced EAM; thus a new modified model was generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo Wen-Jing
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Pu Chuan-Qiang
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Hong-Hua
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Xiang-Hui
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Jie-Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Gottrand G, Courau T, Thomas‐Vaslin V, Prevel N, Vazquez T, Ruocco MG, Lambrecht B, Bellier B, Colombo BM, Klatzmann D. Regulatory T-cell development and function are impaired in mice lacking membrane expression of full length intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Immunology 2015; 146:657-70. [PMID: 26370005 PMCID: PMC4693902 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To further investigate the contribution of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) to adaptive immune responses, we analysed T-cell development and function in mice lacking full-length ICAM-1 (ICAM-1(tm1Jcgr) ). Compared with wild-type (ICAM-1(WT) ) mice, ICAM-1(tm1Jcgr) mice have impaired thymocyte development. Proportions and numbers of double negative, double positive, mature CD4(+) and CD8(+) thymocytes, as well as of regulatory T (Treg) cells were also significantly decreased. In the periphery, ICAM-1(tm1Jcgr) mice had significantly decreased proportions and numbers of naive and activated/memory CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, as well as of Treg cells, in lymph nodes but not in the spleen. In vitro activation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells from ICAM-1(tm1Jcgr) mice with anti-CD3 antibodies and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) resulted in a significantly weaker proliferation, whereas proliferation induced with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibody-coated beads was normal. In vivo immunization of ICAM-1(tm1Jcgr) mice resulted in normal generation of specific effector and memory immune responses that protect against a viral challenge. However, contrary to ICAM-1(WT) mice, immunization-induced specific effectors could not eradicate immunogen-expressing tumours. Treg cells from ICAM-1(tm1Jcgr) mice have abnormal activation and proliferation induced by anti-CD3 antibody and APCs, and have markedly decreased suppressive activity in vitro. In contrast to ICAM-1(WT) mice, they were unable to control experimentally induced colitis in vivo. Hence, our results further highlight the pleiotropic role of ICAM-1 in T-cell-dependent immune responses, with a major role in Treg cell development and suppressive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Gottrand
- Immunology‐Immunopathology‐ImmunotherapyUPMC Univ Paris 06UMRS_959Sorbonne UniversitésParisFrance
- Immunology‐Immunopathology‐ImmunotherapyFRE3632CNRSParisFrance
- Immunology‐Immunopathology‐ImmunotherapyUMRS_959INSERMParisFrance
| | - Tristan Courau
- Immunology‐Immunopathology‐ImmunotherapyUPMC Univ Paris 06UMRS_959Sorbonne UniversitésParisFrance
- Immunology‐Immunopathology‐ImmunotherapyFRE3632CNRSParisFrance
- Immunology‐Immunopathology‐ImmunotherapyUMRS_959INSERMParisFrance
| | - Véronique Thomas‐Vaslin
- Immunology‐Immunopathology‐ImmunotherapyUPMC Univ Paris 06UMRS_959Sorbonne UniversitésParisFrance
- Immunology‐Immunopathology‐ImmunotherapyFRE3632CNRSParisFrance
- Immunology‐Immunopathology‐ImmunotherapyUMRS_959INSERMParisFrance
| | - Nicolas Prevel
- Immunology‐Immunopathology‐ImmunotherapyUPMC Univ Paris 06UMRS_959Sorbonne UniversitésParisFrance
- Immunology‐Immunopathology‐ImmunotherapyFRE3632CNRSParisFrance
- Immunology‐Immunopathology‐ImmunotherapyUMRS_959INSERMParisFrance
| | - Thomas Vazquez
- Immunology‐Immunopathology‐ImmunotherapyUPMC Univ Paris 06UMRS_959Sorbonne UniversitésParisFrance
- Immunology‐Immunopathology‐ImmunotherapyFRE3632CNRSParisFrance
- Immunology‐Immunopathology‐ImmunotherapyUMRS_959INSERMParisFrance
| | - Maria Grazia Ruocco
- Immunology‐Immunopathology‐ImmunotherapyUPMC Univ Paris 06UMRS_959Sorbonne UniversitésParisFrance
- Immunology‐Immunopathology‐ImmunotherapyFRE3632CNRSParisFrance
- Immunology‐Immunopathology‐ImmunotherapyUMRS_959INSERMParisFrance
| | | | - Bertrand Bellier
- Immunology‐Immunopathology‐ImmunotherapyUPMC Univ Paris 06UMRS_959Sorbonne UniversitésParisFrance
- Immunology‐Immunopathology‐ImmunotherapyFRE3632CNRSParisFrance
- Immunology‐Immunopathology‐ImmunotherapyUMRS_959INSERMParisFrance
| | - Bruno M. Colombo
- Immunology‐Immunopathology‐ImmunotherapyUPMC Univ Paris 06UMRS_959Sorbonne UniversitésParisFrance
- Immunology‐Immunopathology‐ImmunotherapyFRE3632CNRSParisFrance
- Immunology‐Immunopathology‐ImmunotherapyUMRS_959INSERMParisFrance
- Institute of Systems and Synthetic Biology (iSSB)CNRS FRE3561Université d'Evry‐val d'EssonneGenopole91058EvryFrance
| | - David Klatzmann
- Immunology‐Immunopathology‐ImmunotherapyUPMC Univ Paris 06UMRS_959Sorbonne UniversitésParisFrance
- Immunology‐Immunopathology‐ImmunotherapyFRE3632CNRSParisFrance
- Immunology‐Immunopathology‐ImmunotherapyUMRS_959INSERMParisFrance
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Kang J, Zhang HY, Feng GD, Feng DY, Jia HG. Development of an improved animal model of experimental autoimmune myositis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:14457-14464. [PMID: 26823763 PMCID: PMC4713549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Multiple animal models of experimental autoimmune myositis (EAM) have been developed. However, these models vary greatly in the severity of disease and reproducibility. The goal of this study was to test whether vaccination twice with increased dose of rat myosin and pertussis toxin (PT) could induce EAM with severer disease in mice. BALB/c mice were injected with 1 mg rat myosin in 50% complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) weekly for four times and one time of PT (EAM) or twice with 1.5 mg myosin in CFA and PT (M-EAM). In comparison with that in the CFA and PT injected controls, vaccination with rat myosin and injection PT significantly reduced the muscle strength and EMG duration, elevated serum creatine kinase levels, promoted inflammatory infiltration in the muscle tissues, leading to pathological changes in the muscle tissues, demonstrating to induce EAM. Interestingly, we found that vaccination twice with the high dose of myosin and PT prevented EAM-related gain in body weights and caused significantly less muscle strength in mice. More importantly, all of the mice receiving high dose of myosin and PT survived while 3 out of 16 mice with four times of low dose of myosin died. Finally, vaccination with high dose of myosin promoted CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell infiltration in the muscle tissues and up-regulated MHC-I expression in the muscle tissues of mice. Hence, the new model of EAM is a time-saving, efficient and easily replicable tool for studying autoimmune myositis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers/blood
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte
- Creatine Kinase, MM Form/blood
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Guinea Pigs
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Muscle Strength
- Muscle, Skeletal/immunology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology
- Myosins
- Nervous System Autoimmune Disease, Experimental/blood
- Nervous System Autoimmune Disease, Experimental/chemically induced
- Nervous System Autoimmune Disease, Experimental/immunology
- Nervous System Autoimmune Disease, Experimental/pathology
- Nervous System Autoimmune Disease, Experimental/physiopathology
- Pertussis Toxin
- Phenotype
- Severity of Illness Index
- Time Factors
- Weight Gain
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Kang
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong-Ya Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guo-Dong Feng
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dong-Yun Feng
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong-Ge Jia
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Espinosa-Ortega F, Gómez-Martin D, Santana-De Anda K, Romo-Tena J, Villaseñor-Ovies P, Alcocer-Varela J. Quantitative T cell subsets profile in peripheral blood from patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: tilting the balance towards proinflammatory and pro-apoptotic subsets. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 179:520-8. [PMID: 25348796 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of T cells in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) is not yet clear. Some alterations in certain subsets have been reported in inflamed muscle cells. However, a broad quantitative assessment of peripheral T cell subsets has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to address the quantitative profile of potential pathogenic T cell subsets, namely follicular helper T cells (Tfh), T helper type 17 (Th17), CD28(null) and regulatory T cells (Tregs ) in peripheral blood from IIM patients. Thirty IIM patients and 30 age- and gender-matched healthy donors were included. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated. T cell subsets were evaluated by flow cytometry, as follows: Tfh (CD4(+) CXCR5(+) ) and its subsets Tfh1 (CXCR3(+) CCR6(-) ), Tfh2 (CXCR3(-) CCR6(-) ), Tfh17 (CXCR3(-) CCR6(+) ), Th17 (CD4(+) IL17A(+) ), CD28(null) (CD4(+) CD28(-) CD244(+) ) and Tregs (CD4(+) CD25(high) forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3(+) ); CD8(+) CD25(high) FoxP3(+) ). Percentage, absolute numbers and mean fluorescence intensity were analysed. We found increased numbers of total Tfh cells (28 ± 8.16 versus 6.64 ± 1.29, P=0.031) in IIM patients when compared to healthy controls. Moreover, this increment was dependent upon Tfh2 and Tfh17 (Tfh2:9.49 ± 2.19 versus 1.66 ± 0.46, P=0.005; Tfh17 9.48 ± 2.83 versus 1.18 ± 0.21, P=0.014). Also, IIM patients showed higher numbers of Th17 cells (30.25 ± 6.49 versus 13.46 ± 2.95, P=0.031) as well as decreased number of Tregs (5.98 ± 1.61 versus 30.82 ± 8.38, P=0.009). We also found an expansion of CD28(null) cells (162.88 ± 32.29 versus 64 ± 17.35, P=0.015). Our data suggest that IIM patients are characterized by an expansion of peripheral proinflammatory T cells, such as Tfh and Th17, as well as pro-apoptotic CD28 null cells and a deficiency of suppressor populations of Tregs (CD4(+) and CD8(+) ).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Espinosa-Ortega
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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Danieli MG, Gelardi C, Pedini V, Moretti R, Gabrielli A, Logullo F. Subcutaneous IgG in immune-mediate diseases: proposed mechanisms of action and literature review. Autoimmun Rev 2014; 13:1182-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Drescher KM, von Herrath M, Tracy S. Enteroviruses, hygiene and type 1 diabetes: toward a preventive vaccine. Rev Med Virol 2014; 25:19-32. [PMID: 25430610 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Enteroviruses and humans have long co-existed. Although recognized in ancient times, poliomyelitis and type 1 diabetes (T1D) were exceptionally rare and not epidemic, due in large part to poor sanitation and personal hygiene which resulted in repeated exposure to fecal-oral transmitted viruses and other infectious agents and viruses and the generation of a broad protective immunity. As a function of a growing acceptance of the benefits of hygienic practices and microbiologically clean(er) water supplies, the likelihood of exposure to diverse infectious agents and viruses declined. The effort to vaccinate against poliomyelitis demonstrated that enteroviral diseases are preventable by vaccination and led to understanding how to successfully attenuate enteroviruses. Type 1 diabetes onset has been convincingly linked to infection by numerous enteroviruses including the group B coxsackieviruses (CVB), while studies of CVB infections in NOD mice have demonstrated not only a clear link between disease onset but an ability to reduce the incidence of T1D as well: CVB infections can suppress naturally occurring autoimmune T1D. We propose here that if we can harness and develop the capacity to use attenuated enteroviral strains to induce regulatory T cell populations in the host through vaccination, then a vaccine could be considered that should function to protect against both autoimmune as well as virus-triggered T1D. Such a vaccine would not only specifically protect from certain enterovirus types but more importantly, also reset the organism's regulatory rheostat making the further development of pathogenic autoimmunity less likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Drescher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
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Zeng L, Maruyama S, Nakamura K, Parker-Duffen JL, Adham IM, Zhong X, Lee HK, Querfurth H, Walsh K. The injury-induced myokine insulin-like 6 is protective in experimental autoimmune myositis. Skelet Muscle 2014; 4:16. [PMID: 25161767 PMCID: PMC4144317 DOI: 10.1186/2044-5040-4-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies represent a group of autoimmune diseases that are characterized by lymphocyte infiltration of muscle and muscle weakness. Insulin-like 6 (Insl6) is a poorly characterized member of the insulin-like/relaxin family of secreted proteins, whose expression is upregulated upon acute muscle injury. Methods In this study, we employed Insl6 gain or loss of function mice to investigate the role of Insl6 in a T cell-mediated model of experimental autoimmune myositis (EAM). EAM models in rodents have involved immunization with human myosin-binding protein C with complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) emulsions and pertussis toxin. Results Insl6-deficiency in mice led to a worsened myositis phenotype including increased infiltration of CD4 and CD8 T cells and the elevated expression of inflammatory cytokines. Insl6-deficient mice show significant motor function impairment when tested with treadmill or Rotarod devices. Conversely, muscle-specific overexpression of Insl6 protected against the development of myositis as indicated by reduced lymphocyte infiltration in muscle, diminished inflammatory cytokine expression and improved motor function. The improvement in myositis by Insl6 could also be demonstrated by acute hydrodynamic delivery of a plasmid encoding murine Insl6. In cultured cells, Insl6 inhibits Jurkat cell proliferation and activation in response to phytohemagglutinin/phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate stimulation. Insl6 transcript expression in muscle was reduced in a cohort of dermatomyositis and polymyositis patients. Conclusions These data suggest that Insl6 may have utility for the treatment of myositis, a condition for which few treatment options exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zeng
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, W611, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Sonomi Maruyama
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, W611, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Kazuto Nakamura
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, W611, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jennifer L Parker-Duffen
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, W611, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Ibrahim M Adham
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xuemei Zhong
- Hematology Oncology Section, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, W611, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Han-Kyu Lee
- Department of Neurology, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University School of Medicine, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Henry Querfurth
- Department of Neurology, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University School of Medicine, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, W611, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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Young NA, Sharma R, Friedman AK, Kaffenberger BH, Bolon B, Jarjour WN. Aberrant muscle antigen exposure in mice is sufficient to cause myositis in a Treg cell-deficient milieu. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 65:3259-70. [PMID: 24022275 PMCID: PMC4033530 DOI: 10.1002/art.38184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective Myositis is associated with muscle-targeted inflammation and is observed in some Treg cell–deficient mouse models. Because an autoimmune pathogenesis has been strongly implicated, the aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that abnormal exposure to muscle antigens, as observed in muscle injury, can induce autoimmune-mediated myositis in susceptible hosts. Methods FoxP3 mutant (scurfy) mice were mated to synaptotagmin VII (Syt VII) mutant mice, which resulted in a new mouse strain that combines impaired membrane resealing with Treg cell deficiency. Lymphocyte preparations from double-mutant mice were adoptively transferred intraperitoneally, with or without purified Treg cells, into recombination-activating gene 1 (RAG-1)–null recipients. Lymph node cells from mice with the FoxP3 mutation were transferred into RAG-1–null mice either 1) intraperitoneally in conjunction with muscle homogenate or purified myosin protein or 2) intramuscularly with or without cotransfer of purified Treg cells. Results FoxP3-deficient mouse lymph node cells transferred in conjunction with myosin protein or muscle homogenate induced robust skeletal muscle inflammation. The infiltrates consisted predominantly of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, a limited number of macrophages, and no B cells. Significant inflammation was also seen in similar experiments using lymph node cells from FoxP3/Syt VII double-mutant mice but was absent in experiments using adoptive transfer of FoxP3 mutant mouse cells alone. The cotransfer of Treg cells completely suppressed myositis. Conclusion These data, derived from a new, reproducible model, demonstrate the critical roles of Treg cell deficiency and aberrant muscle antigen exposure in the priming of autoreactive cells to induce myositis. This mouse system has multifaceted potential for examining the interplay in vivo between tissue injury and autoimmunity.
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Gong X, Han B, Zou Y, Wang J, Yang W. Attenuation of Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis by si-RNA Mediated CD40 Silencing. Int Heart J 2014; 55:539-45. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.14-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University
- Division of Cardiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital
| | - Bo Han
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University
| | - Yong Zou
- Department of Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine
| | - Jiezhong Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University
| | - Wenwei Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Provincial Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University
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Beneficial role of rapamycin in experimental autoimmune myositis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74450. [PMID: 24265670 PMCID: PMC3827074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We developed an experimental autoimmune myositis (EAM) mouse model of polymyositis where we outlined the role of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Rapamycin, this immunosuppressant drug used to prevent rejection in organ transplantation, is known to spare Treg. Our aim was to test the efficacy of rapamycin in vivo in this EAM model and to investigate the effects of the drug on different immune cell sub-populations. METHODS EAM is induced by 3 injections of myosin emulsified in CFA. Mice received rapamycin during 25 days starting one day before myosin immunization (preventive treatment), or during 10 days following the last myosin immunization (curative treatment). RESULTS Under preventive or curative treatment, an increase of muscle strength was observed with a parallel decrease of muscle inflammation, both being well correlated (R(2) = -0.645, p<0.0001). Rapamycin induced a general decrease in muscle of CD4 and CD8 T cells in lymphoid tissues, but spared B cells. Among T cells, the frequency of Treg was increased in rapamycin treated mice in draining lymph nodes (16.9 ± 2.2% vs. 9.3 ± 1.4%, p<0.001), which were mostly activated regulatory T cells (CD62L(low)CD44(high): 58.1 ± 5.78% vs. 33.1 ± 7%, treated vs. untreated, p<0.001). In rapamycin treated mice, inhibition of proliferation (Ki-67(+)) is more important in effector T cells compared to Tregs cells (p<0.05). Furthermore, during preventive treatment, rapamycin increased the levels of KLF2 transcript in CD44(low) CD62L(high) naive T cell and in CD62L(low) CD44(high) activated T cell. CONCLUSIONS Rapamycin showed efficacy both as curative and preventive treatment in our murine model of experimental myositis, in which it induced an increase of muscle strength with a parallel decrease in muscle inflammation. Rapamycin administration was also associated with a decrease in the frequency of effector T cells, an increase in Tregs, and, when administered as preventive treatment, an upregulation of KFL2 in naive and activated T cells.
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Overexpression of MHC class I in muscle of lymphocyte-deficient mice causes a severe myopathy with induction of the unfolded protein response. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 183:893-904. [PMID: 23850081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Muscle fibers do not normally express major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules, and their reexpression is a hallmark of inflammatory myopathies. It has been shown in mice that overexpression of MHC-I induces a poorly inflammatory myositis accompanied by the unfolded protein response (UPR), but it is unclear whether it is attributable to T-cell-mediated MHC-I-dependent immune responses or to MHC-I forced expression per se. Indeed, besides presenting antigenic peptides to CD8(+) T cells, MHC-I may also possibly exert nonimmunologic, yet poorly understood pathogenic effects. Thus, we investigated the pathogenicity of MHC-I expression in muscle independently of its immune functions. HT transgenic mice that conditionally overexpress H-2K(b) in muscle were bred to an immunodeficient Rag2(-/-) background. The muscle proteome was analyzed by label-free high-resolution protein quantitation and Western blot. Despite the absence of adaptive immunity, HT Rag2(-/-) mice developed a very severe myopathy associated with the cytoplasmic accumulation of H-2K(b) molecules. The UPR was manifest by up-regulation of characteristic proteins. In humans, we found that HLA class I molecules not only were expressed at the sarcolemma but also could accumulate intracellularly in some patients with inclusion body myositis. Accordingly, the UPR was triggered as a function of the degree of HLA accumulation in myofibers. Hence, reexpression of MHC-I in normally negative myofibers exerts pathogenic effects independently of its immune function.
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Nalotto L, Iaccarino L, Zen M, Gatto M, Borella E, Domenighetti M, Punzi L, Doria A. Rituximab in refractory idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and antisynthetase syndrome: personal experience and review of the literature. Immunol Res 2013; 56:362-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-013-8408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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