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Li Y, Li X, Guo D, Meng L, Feng X, Zhang Y, Pan S. Immune dysregulation and macrophage polarization in peri-implantitis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1291880. [PMID: 38347915 PMCID: PMC10859439 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1291880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The term "peri-implantitis" (peri-implantitis) refers to an inflammatory lesion of the mucosa surrounding an endosseous implant and a progressive loss of the peri-implant bone that supports the implant. Recently, it has been suggested that the increased sensitivity of implants to infection and the quick elimination of supporting tissue after infection may be caused by a dysregulated peri-implant mucosal immune response. Macrophages are polarized in response to environmental signals and play multiple roles in peri-implantitis. In peri-implantitis lesion samples, recent investigations have discovered a considerable increase in M1 type macrophages, with M1 type macrophages contributing to the pro-inflammatory response brought on by bacteria, whereas M2 type macrophages contribute to inflammation remission and tissue repair. In an effort to better understand the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis and suggest potential immunomodulatory treatments for peri-implantitis in the direction of macrophage polarization patterns, this review summarizes the research findings related to macrophage polarization in peri-implantitis and compares them with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Li
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Danni Guo
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Lingwei Meng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghui Feng
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoxia Pan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices and Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology and Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health and NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, China
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Nirala BK, Patel TD, Kurenbekova L, Shuck R, Dasgupta A, Rainusso N, Coarfa C, Yustein JT. MYC regulates CSF1 expression via microRNA 17/20a to modulate tumor-associated macrophages in osteosarcoma. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e164947. [PMID: 37279073 PMCID: PMC10371352 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.164947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor of childhood. Approximately 20%-30% of OSs carry amplification of chromosome 8q24, which harbors the oncogene c-MYC and correlates with a poor prognosis. To understand the mechanisms that underlie the ability of MYC to alter both the tumor and its surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME), we generated and molecularly characterized an osteoblast-specific Cre-Lox-Stop-Lox-c-MycT58A p53fl/+ knockin genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM). Phenotypically, the Myc-knockin GEMM had rapid tumor development with a high incidence of metastasis. MYC-dependent gene signatures in our murine model demonstrated significant homology to the human hyperactivated MYC OS. We established that hyperactivation of MYC led to an immune-depleted TME in OS demonstrated by the reduced number of leukocytes, particularly macrophages. MYC hyperactivation led to the downregulation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1, through increased microRNA 17/20a expression, causing a reduction of macrophage population in the TME of OS. Furthermore, we developed cell lines from the GEMM tumors, including a degradation tag-MYC model system, which validated our MYC-dependent findings both in vitro and in vivo. Our studies utilized innovative and clinically relevant models to identify a potentially novel molecular mechanism through which MYC regulates the profile and function of the OS immune landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikesh K. Nirala
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center
| | - Tajhal D. Patel
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center
| | - Lyazat Kurenbekova
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center
| | - Ryan Shuck
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center
| | - Atreyi Dasgupta
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center
| | - Nino Rainusso
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, and
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jason T. Yustein
- Texas Children’s Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Beasley M, Broce M, Mousa A. The acute impact of baseline renal function and contrast medium volume/estimated glomerular filtration rate ratio on reduced renal function following endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Vascular 2023; 31:72-82. [PMID: 34893000 DOI: 10.1177/17085381211059660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the acute impact of baseline serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and contrast medium volume (CMV) on the incidence of reduced renal function (RRF) after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). We aimed to determine if the CMV/eGFR ratio was a predictor of RRF. METHODS This study is a retrospective review of EVAR patients in the Society for Vascular Surgery/Vascular Quality Initiative (SVS/VQI) from January 2015 to August 2020. Reduced renal function was defined as > 0.3 mg/dl (26.5 μmol/L), 50% increase from baseline, and temporary or permanent dialysis. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were conducted for serum creatinine, eGFR, contrast volume, fluid volume, and CMV/eGFR ratio. Two data sets (training and test) were developed followed by multivariate analyses. RESULTS SVS/VQI data for EVAR contained 38,701 records, of which 30,539 were divided into training (n = 18,283; 60%) and test (n = 12,256; 40%) data sets. RRF rate for the training set was 3.6% (n = 667) and 3.4% (n = 420) for the test data. RRF patients included more females (29.4 vs 19.0%, p < 0.001), were older in age (75.6 + 8.4 vs 73.3 + 8.7 years), had more congestive heart failure (22.3 vs 12.2%, p < 0.001), and more COPD (42.0 vs 34.2%, p < 0.001). An ROC analysis revealed that eGRF, creatinine, contrast, intravenous fluid, and contrast medium volume (CMV)/eGFR ratio were all significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with RRF. The eGFR and CMV/eGFR ratio had the largest area under the curve, (0.26) and (0.65), respectively, while fluid had the lowest (0.54). Negative predictive values were 93.7 (CMV/eGFR), 93.9 (creatinine), 94.2 (eGFR), 92.8 (contrast), and 92.6 (intravenous fluid). Multivariate analysis of the training data set resulted in the CMV/eGFR ratio as an independent predictor of RRF (odds ratio, OR: 1.9 with 95% CI: 1.6, 2.2, p < 0.015). For the test data, the CMV/eGFR ratio was an independent predictor of RRF (OR: 1.8, CI: 1.4 to 2.2, p < 0.001) as well as several other variables. CONCLUSION RRF after EVAR is a dreaded and potentially devastating complication. Baseline serum creatinine, eGFR, contrast medium volume, and the ratio (CMV/eGFR) were all significantly associated with RRF. The optimal cut-off value for the CMV/eGFR ratio, ≤ 2, provides an easy-to-use equation to provide a suggested contrast target based on initial renal function with caution applied for high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Beasley
- Department of Surgery, 114438Charleston Area Medical Center, Charleston, WV, USA
- Charleston Area Medical Center Health Education and Research Institute, Charleston, WV, USA
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Division, 5631West Virginia University, Charleston, WV, USA
| | - Mike Broce
- Department of Surgery, 114438Charleston Area Medical Center, Charleston, WV, USA
- Charleston Area Medical Center Health Education and Research Institute, Charleston, WV, USA
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Division, 5631West Virginia University, Charleston, WV, USA
| | - Albeir Mousa
- Department of Surgery, 114438Charleston Area Medical Center, Charleston, WV, USA
- Charleston Area Medical Center Health Education and Research Institute, Charleston, WV, USA
- Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Division, 5631West Virginia University, Charleston, WV, USA
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Inhibition of the chemokine signal regulator FROUNT by disulfiram ameliorates crescentic glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 2022; 102:1276-1290. [PMID: 36049642 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Activated monocytes/macrophages promote glomerular injury, including crescent formation, in anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) glomerulonephritis. Disulfiram, an alcohol-aversion drug, inhibits monocyte/macrophage migration by inhibiting FROUNT, a cytosolic protein that enhances chemokine receptor signaling. Our study found that disulfiram at a human equivalent dose successfully blocked albuminuria and crescent formation with podocyte loss, and later stage kidney fibrotic lesions, in a rat model of anti-GBM glomerulonephritis. A disulfiram derivative, DSF-41, with more potent FROUNT inhibition activity, inhibited glomerulonephritis at a lower dose than disulfiram. Disulfiram markedly reduced the number of monocytes or macrophages at the early stage of glomerulonephritis and that of CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocytes at the established stage. Impaired pseudopodia formation was observed in the glomerular monocytes/macrophages of the disulfiram group; consistent with the in vitro observation that disulfiram blocked chemokine-dependent pseudopodia formation and chemotaxis of bone marrow-derived monocytes/macrophages. Furthermore, disulfiram suppressed macrophage activation as revealed by reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (TNF-α, CCL2, and CXCL9) and reduced CD86 and MHC class II expressions in monocytes/macrophages during glomerulonephritis. The dramatic reduction in monocyte/macrophage number might have resulted from disulfiram suppression of both the chemotactic response of monocytes/macrophages and their subsequent activation to produce cytokines and chemokines, which further recruit monocytes. Additionally, FROUNT was expressed in CD68+ monocytes/macrophages infiltrating the crescentic glomeruli in human anti-GBM glomerulonephritis. Thus, disulfiram can be a highly effective and safe drug for the treatment of glomerulonephritis by blocking the chemotactic responses of monocytes/macrophages and their activation status in the glomerulus.
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Abstract
Statins are 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors used worldwide to manage dyslipidaemia and thus limit the development of atherosclerotic disease and its complications. These atheroprotective drugs are now known to exert pleiotropic actions outside of their cholesterol-lowering activity, including altering immune cell function. Macrophages are phagocytic leukocytes that play critical functional roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and are directly targeted by statins. Early studies documented the anti-inflammatory effects of statins on macrophages, but emerging evidence suggests that these drugs can also enhance pro-inflammatory macrophage responses, creating an unresolved paradox. This review comprehensively examines the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical literature to document the statin-induced changes in macrophage polarization and immunomodulatory functions, explore the underlying mechanisms involved, and offer potential explanations for this paradox. A better understanding of the immunomodulatory actions of statins on macrophages should pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic approaches to manage atherosclerosis and other chronic diseases and conditions characterised by unresolved inflammation.
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The severity of glomerular endothelial cell injury is associated with infiltrating macrophage heterogeneity in endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13339. [PMID: 34172770 PMCID: PMC8233400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92655-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocapillary proliferation occurs in various types of glomerulonephritis (GN), with varying prognoses. We examined 42 renal biopsy samples representing endocapillary proliferative lesions from post-streptococcal acute GN (PSAGN), Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN), and lupus nephritis (LN). In PSAGN, the glomerular capillary network was maintained, although severe lesions displayed dots or short, curved lines, indicating CD34-positive capillaries and suggesting capillary obstruction. Conversely, patients with LN and HSPN displayed obstruction of CD34-positive capillaries with dissociation from the glomerular basement membrane even in mild lesions. According to computer-assisted morphologic analysis, the cell density did not differ between the diseases. However, in PSAGN, the number of capillary loops was significantly increased, with a larger glomerular capillary luminal area than in the other groups. In addition, the number and frequency of CD163-positive cells (M2 macrophages) tended to be higher in PSAGN, while there were no significant differences in the number of CD68-positive (total) macrophages. These results indicate that in PSAGN, endothelial cell damage is less severe, and angiogenesis may be promoted. The severity of endothelial cell injury in each disease may be associated with differences in infiltrating inflammatory cell phenotypes.
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Camilli G, Bohm M, Piffer AC, Lavenir R, Williams DL, Neven B, Grateau G, Georgin-Lavialle S, Quintin J. β-Glucan-induced reprogramming of human macrophages inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation in cryopyrinopathies. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:4561-4573. [PMID: 32716363 DOI: 10.1172/jci134778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of mononuclear phagocytes to β-glucan, a naturally occurring polysaccharide, contributes to the induction of innate immune memory, which is associated with long-term epigenetic, metabolic, and functional reprogramming. Although previous studies have shown that innate immune memory induced by β-glucan confers protection against secondary infections, its impact on autoinflammatory diseases, associated with inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion, remains poorly understood. In particular, whether β-glucan-induced long-term reprogramming affects inflammasome activation in human macrophages in the context of these diseases has not been explored. We found that NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated caspase-1 activation and subsequent IL-1β production were reduced in β-glucan-reprogrammed macrophages. β-Glucan acted upstream of the NLRP3 inflammasome by preventing potassium (K+) efflux, mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) generation, and, ultimately, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) oligomerization and speck formation. Importantly, β-glucan-induced memory in macrophages resulted in a remarkable attenuation of IL-1β secretion and caspase-1 activation in patients with an NLRP3-associated autoinflammatory disease, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS). Our findings demonstrate that β-glucan-induced innate immune memory represses IL-1β-mediated inflammation and support its potential clinical use in NLRP3-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Camilli
- Immunology of Fungal Infections, Department of Mycology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Bohm
- Immunology of Fungal Infections, Department of Mycology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Alícia Corbellini Piffer
- Immunology of Fungal Infections, Department of Mycology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rachel Lavenir
- Immunology of Fungal Infections, Department of Mycology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - David L Williams
- Department of Surgery, Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Benedicte Neven
- Pediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Gilles Grateau
- Service de Médecine Interne et Centre de Références des Maladies Auto-inflammatoires et des Amyloses Inflammatoires, Hôpital Tenon, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Georgin-Lavialle
- Service de Médecine Interne et Centre de Références des Maladies Auto-inflammatoires et des Amyloses Inflammatoires, Hôpital Tenon, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jessica Quintin
- Immunology of Fungal Infections, Department of Mycology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Ali H, Caballero R, Dong SXM, Gajnayaka N, Vranjkovic A, Ahmed D, Iqbal S, Crawley AM, Angel JB, Cassol E, Kumar A. Selective killing of human M1 macrophages by Smac mimetics alone and M2 macrophages by Smac mimetics and caspase inhibition. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:693-710. [PMID: 33404106 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4a0220-114rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory and anti-inflammatory Mϕs have been implicated in many diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and leprosy. Recent studies suggest targeting Mϕ function and activation may represent a potential target to treat these diseases. Herein, we investigated the effect of second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC) mimetics (SMs), the inhibitors of apoptosis (IAPs) proteins, on the killing of human pro- and anti-inflammatory Mϕ subsets. We have shown previously that human monocytes are highly susceptible whereas differentiated Mϕs (M0) are highly resistant to the cytocidal abilities of SMs. To determine whether human Mϕ subsets are resistant to the cytotoxic effects of SMs, we show that M1 Mϕs are highly susceptible to SM-induced cell death whereas M2a, M2b, and M2c differentiated subsets are resistant, with M2c being the most resistant. SM-induced cell death in M1 Mϕs was mediated by apoptosis as well as necroptosis, activated both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis, and was attributed to the IFN-γ-mediated differentiation. In contrast, M2c and M0 Mϕs experienced cell death through necroptosis following simultaneous blockage of the IAPs and the caspase pathways. Overall, the results suggest that survival of human Mϕs is critically linked to the activation of the IAPs pathways. Moreover, agents blocking the cellular IAP1/2 and/or caspases can be exploited therapeutically to address inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ramon Caballero
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Simon X M Dong
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Niranjala Gajnayaka
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Agatha Vranjkovic
- Chronic Disease Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Duale Ahmed
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Salma Iqbal
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Angela M Crawley
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Chronic Disease Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan B Angel
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Chronic Disease Program, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Edana Cassol
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Quinn GZ, Dhillon P, Susztak K. It Takes Two to Tango: The Role of Dysregulated Metabolism and Inflammation in Kidney Disease Development. Semin Nephrol 2020; 40:199-205. [PMID: 32303282 PMCID: PMC7682750 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury is a major contributor of chronic kidney disease development. The pathogenesis of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease shows significant similarities. Both conditions are associated with a defect in cellular metabolism, such as fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in kidney tubule cells and a marked increase in infiltrating immune cells. Here, we discuss how inflammatory cytokines and macrophages contribute to epithelial injury and metabolic defects. In addition, we discuss the role of mitochondrial damage and cytosolic leakage of the mitochondrial DNA activating the innate immune pathway such as cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase/stimulator of interferon genes. The interplay between inflammation and metabolism appears to be critical for kidney disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Z Quinn
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Poonam Dhillon
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
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10
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Biological profile of monocyte-derived macrophages in coronary heart disease patients: implications for plaque morphology. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8680. [PMID: 31213640 PMCID: PMC6581961 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44847-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of a macrophage phenotype in atherosclerotic plaque may drive its progression and/or instability. Macrophages from coronary plaques are not available, and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) are usually considered as a surrogate. We compared the MDM profile obtained from coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and healthy subjects, and we evaluated the association between CAD MDM profile and in vivo coronary plaque characteristics assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT). At morphological analysis, MDMs of CAD patients had a higher prevalence of round than spindle cells, whereas in healthy subjects the prevalence of the two morphotypes was similar. Compared to healthy subjects, MDMs of CAD patients had reduced efferocytosis, lower transglutaminase-2, CD206 and CD163 receptor levels, and higher tissue factor (TF) levels. At OCT, patients with a higher prevalence of round MDMs showed more frequently a lipid-rich plaque, a thin-cap fibroatheroma, a greater intra-plaque macrophage accumulation, and a ruptured plaque. The MDM efferocytosis correlated with minimal lumen area, and TF levels in MDMs correlated with the presence of ruptured plaque. MDMs obtained from CAD patients are characterized by a morpho-phenotypic heterogeneity with a prevalence of round cells, showing pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic properties. The MDM profile allows identifying CAD patients at high risk.
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11
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Okabayashi Y, Nagasaka S, Kanzaki G, Tsuboi N, Yokoo T, Shimizu A. Group 1 innate lymphoid cells are involved in the progression of experimental anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis and are regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α. Kidney Int 2019; 96:942-956. [PMID: 31402171 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells play an important role in the early effector cytokine-mediated response. In Wistar Kyoto rats, CD8+ non-T lymphocytes (CD8+Lym) infiltrate into glomeruli during the development of anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) glomerulonephritis. Here, we examined the profiles and roles of CD8+Lym in anti-GBM glomerulonephritis. The regulation of CD8+Lym by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α in anti-GBM glomerulonephritis was also evaluated. Glomerular infiltrating CD8+Lym were lineage-negative cells that showed markedly high expression of IFN-γ and T-bet mRNAs but not Eomes, indicating these cells are group 1 innate lymphoid cells. In anti-GBM glomerulonephritis, the glomerular mRNAs of innate lymphoid cell-related cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF-α) and chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11) are significantly increased. Treatment with a PPARα agonist ameliorated renal injury, with reduced expression of these mRNAs. In vitro, enhanced IFN-γ production from innate lymphoid cells upon IL-12 and IL-18 stimulation was reduced by the PPARα agonist. Moreover, CXCL9 mRNA in glomerular endothelial cells and CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 mRNAs in podocytes and macrophages were upregulated by IFN-γ, whereas the PPARα agonist downregulated their expression. We also detected the infiltration of innate lymphoid cells into glomeruli in human anti-GBM glomerulonephritis. Thus, innate lymphoid cells are involved in the progression of anti-GBM glomerulonephritis and regulated directly or indirectly by PPARα. Our findings suggest that innate lymphoid cells could serve as novel therapeutic targets for anti-GBM glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Okabayashi
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Nagasaka
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Go Kanzaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Tsuboi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokoo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
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12
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Zhang X, Xiao S, Li Q. Pravastatin polarizes the phenotype of macrophages toward M2 and elevates serum cholesterol levels in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. J Int Med Res 2018; 46:3365-3373. [PMID: 30058421 PMCID: PMC6134684 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518787671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Statins are clinically used for protection against cardiovascular disease with lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory properties. These properties tip the balance of macrophage polarization, which is an essential process in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of pravastatin on atherosclerosis of the aorta in apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE-KO) mice without high lipid feeding. Methods Six 8-week-old apoE-KO male mice were randomly divided into two groups: a control group and a pravastatin (40 mg·kg−1·day−1)-treated group. At 35 weeks, the mice were sacrificed and the size of plaques on the aorta was assessed by Oil Red O staining. M1 and M2 macrophages were identified by inducible nitric oxide synthase and arginase-I, respectively, using immunohistochemistry. Results Pravastatin increased the size of atherosclerotic plaques in apoE-KO mice without high lipid feeding. The ratio of M1/M2 macrophages increased in atherosclerotic plaques, which might slow the process of atherosclerosis, while blood cholesterol levels were elevated. Conclusion Our study suggests that pravastatin polarizes the phenotype of macrophages toward M2 in atherosclerotic lesions, despite an increase in serum cholesterol levels in ApoE-KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhang
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.,2 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengjun Xiao
- 3 Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanzhong Li
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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13
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Cui R, Yue W, Lattime EC, Stein MN, Xu Q, Tan XL. Targeting tumor-associated macrophages to combat pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:50735-50754. [PMID: 27191744 PMCID: PMC5226617 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is replete with cells that evolve with and provide support to tumor cells during the transition to malignancy. The hijacking of the immune system in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment is suggested to contribute to the failure to date to produce significant improvements in pancreatic cancer survival by various chemotherapeutics. Regulatory T cells, myeloid derived suppressor cells, and fibroblasts, all of which constitute a complex ecology microenvironment, can suppress CD8+ T cells and NK cells, thus inhibiting effector immune responses. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are versatile immune cells that can express different functional programs in response to stimuli in tumor microenvironment at different stages of pancreatic cancer development. TAM have been implicated in suppression of anti-tumorigenic immune responses, promotion of cancer cell proliferation, stimulation of tumor angiogenesis and extracellular matrix breakdown, and subsequent enhancement of tumor invasion and metastasis. Many emerging agents that have demonstrated efficacy in combating other types of tumors via modulation of macrophages in tumor microenvironments are, however, only marginally studied for pancreatic cancer prevention and treatment. A better understanding of the paradoxical roles of TAM in pancreatic cancer may pave the way to novel preventive and therapeutic approaches. Here we give an overview of the recruitment and differentiation of macrophages, TAM and pancreatic cancer progression and prognosis, as well as the potential preventive and therapeutic targets that interact with TAM for pancreatic cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Cui
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wen Yue
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Edmund C Lattime
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Mark N Stein
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Lin Tan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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14
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El-Mohandes EM, Moustafa AM, Khalaf HA, Hassan YF. The role of mast cells and macrophages in amiodarone induced pulmonary fibrosis and the possible attenuating role of atorvastatin. Biotech Histochem 2017; 92:467-480. [PMID: 28836856 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2017.1350750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amiodarone (AM) is an effective anti-arrhythmic drug. We investigated the role of mast cells and macrophages on AM induced pulmonary fibrosis and the action of atorvastatin on this fibrosis. Rats were allocated into four groups; negative control (1), positive control (2), 30 mg/kg body weight/day AM (3) and AM + 10 mg/kg/day atorvastatin (4). Lungs were harvested and prepared for histology and immunohistochemistry. Hematoxylin and eosin stained sections of group 3 exhibited disorganized lung architecture. We found cellular debris in the lumen of both intrapulmonary bronchi and bronchioles with partial disruption of the thickened epithelial lining and mononuclear cellular infiltration into the lamina propria. We also observed thickening of the epithelial lining and the smooth muscle layer. Congested, dilated and thickened blood capillaries and thickened inter-alveolar septa were observed with mononuclear cellular infiltrates in the lung of group 3. Most alveoli were collapsed, but some dilated ones were detected. In some alveoli, type ІІ pneumocytes were increased, while type I cells were decreased. We observed significant increases in the amount of collagen in the thickened inter-alveolar septa, around bronchioles and around blood capillaries in sections from group 3. We found a significant increase in mast cells and alveolar macrophages in group 3 compared to group 1. Mast cells and macrophages appear to play important roles in AM induced pulmonary fibrosis. Atorvastatin appears to attenuate this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M El-Mohandes
- a Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura University , Egypt
| | - A M Moustafa
- a Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura University , Egypt
| | - H A Khalaf
- a Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura University , Egypt
| | - Y F Hassan
- a Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Mansoura University , Egypt
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15
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Resolvin D1 Programs Inflammation Resolution by Increasing TGF-β Expression Induced by Dying Cell Clearance in Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis. J Neurosci 2017; 36:9590-603. [PMID: 27629711 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0020-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) is the animal model of human acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathies (AIDP), an auto-immune inflammatory demyelination disease of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the world's leading cause of acute autoimmune neuromuscular paralysis. EAN and AIDP are characterized by self-limitation with spontaneous recovery; however, endogenous pathways that regulate inflammation resolution in EAN and AIDP remain elusive. A pathway of endogenous mediators, especially resolvins and clearance of apoptotic cells, may be involved. Here, we determined that resolvin D1 (RvD1), its synthetic enzyme, and its receptor were greatly increased in PNS during the recovery stage of EAN. Both endogenous and exogenous RvD1 increased regulatory T (Treg) cell and anti-inflammatory macrophage counts in PNS, enhanced inflammation resolution, and promoted disease recovery in EAN rats. Moreover, RvD1 upregulated the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) level and pharmacologic inhibition of TGF-β signaling suppressed RvD1-induced Treg cell counts, but not anti-inflammatory macrophage counts, and RvD1-improved inflammation resolution and disease recovery in EAN rats. Mechanistically, the RvD1-enhanced macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic T cells leading to reduced apoptotic T-cell accumulation in PNS induced TGF-β production and caused Treg cells to promote inflammation resolution and disease recovery in EAN. Therefore, these data highlight the crucial role of RvD1 as an important pro-resolving molecule in EAN and suggest its potential as a therapeutic target in human neuropathies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) is the animal model of human acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathies, an auto-immune inflammatory demyelination disease of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the world's leading cause of acute autoimmune neuromuscular paralysis. Here, we demonstrated that resolvin D1 (RvD1) promoted macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic T cells in PNS, thereby upregulating transforming growth factor-β by macrophages, increased local Treg cell counts, and finally promoted inflammation resolution and disease recovery in EAN. These data highlight the crucial role of RvD1 as an important pro-resolving molecule in EAN and suggest that it has potential as a therapeutic target in human neuritis.
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16
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Blanquiceth Y, Rodríguez-Perea AL, Tabares Guevara JH, Correa LA, Sánchez MD, Ramírez-Pineda JR, Velilla PA. Increase of Frequency and Modulation of Phenotype of Regulatory T Cells by Atorvastatin Is Associated with Decreased Lung Inflammatory Cell Infiltration in a Murine Model of Acute Allergic Asthma. Front Immunol 2016; 7:620. [PMID: 28066430 PMCID: PMC5174085 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role by controlling allergic inflammation of airways. Recently, it has been shown that statins have immunomodulatory properties, probably mediated by their effects on Tregs. Therefore, we evaluated the in vivo effect of atorvastatin (ATV) on Tregs and its association with the inflammatory process in a model of allergic asthma. BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and then challenged with intranasal OVA. ATV (40 mg/kg) was delivered by daily intraperitoneal injection for 7 or 15 days before each OVA challenge. ATV treatment for 7 days increased the frequency of Tregs in mediastinal lymph nodes (MLN) and the interleukin (IL)-10 in lungs. After 15 days of treatment, ATV increased the percentage of glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-related protein (GITR+) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1+) Tregs in the lung, without enhancing their suppressive activity, but also increased the percentage of conventional T cells expressing GITR+, PD1+, and OX-40 (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4). Although no significant changes were observed in the number of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), OVA-specific immunoglobulin E in the serum, and type 2 helper (Th2) cytokines in the lungs, there was a significant decrease of peribronchial inflammation that negatively correlated with the Tregs in MLN and the concentration of IL-10 in the lung. These results suggest that ATV has an immunomodulatory role possibly mediated by their effects on Tregs, which could contribute to the control of inflammation during allergic asthma. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the contribution of Treg to immunomodulatory action of statins in the context of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurany Blanquiceth
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA , Medellín , Colombia
| | - Ana Lucia Rodríguez-Perea
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA , Medellín , Colombia
| | - Jorge H Tabares Guevara
- Grupo Inmunomodulación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA , Medellín , Colombia
| | - Luis Alfonso Correa
- Sección de Dermatología, Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia; Laboratorio de Patología, Laboratorio Clínico VID, Obra de la Congregación Mariana, Medellín, Colombia
| | - María Dulfary Sánchez
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center & Louisiana Cancer Research Center, Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University , New Orleans, LA , USA
| | | | - Paula Andrea Velilla
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA , Medellín , Colombia
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Curcumin alleviates renal dysfunction and suppresses inflammation by shifting from M1 to M2 macrophage polarization in daunorubicin induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Cytokine 2016; 84:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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18
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Iseri K, Iyoda M, Ohtaki H, Matsumoto K, Wada Y, Suzuki T, Yamamoto Y, Saito T, Hihara K, Tachibana S, Honda K, Shibata T. Therapeutic effects and mechanism of conditioned media from human mesenchymal stem cells on anti-GBM glomerulonephritis in WKY rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 310:F1182-91. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00165.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that conditioned media derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-CM) have therapeutic effects in various experimental diseases. However, the therapeutic mechanism is not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic effects and mechanism of MSC-CM in experimental antiglomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis. We administered either MSC-CM or vehicle from day 0 to day 10 after the induction of nephrotoxic serum nephritis in Wistar-Kyoto rats. In vitro, we analyzed the effects of MSC-CM on TNF-α-mediated cytokine production in cultured normal human mesangial cells, proximal tubular (HK-2) cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and monocytes (THP-1 and peripheral blood mononuclear cells). Compared with vehicle treatment, MSC-CM treatment improved proteinuria and renal dysfunction. Histologically, MSC-CM-treated rats had reduced crescent formation and glomerular ED1+ macrophage infiltration and increased glomerular ED2+ macrophage infiltration. Increased serum monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 levels were observed in MSC-CM-treated rats. Renal cortical mRNA expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-6, and of the T helper cell 1 cytokine interferon-γ were greatly decreased by MSC-CM treatment. In vitro, pretreatment with MSC-CM blocked TNF-α-mediated IL-8 release in normal human mesangial cells and HK-2 cells. TNF-α-mediated MCP-1 release was enhanced by pretreatment with MSC-CM in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and HK-2 cells and was strikingly enhanced in THP-1 cells. Stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with a combination of MCP-1 and IL-4 enhanced the expression of M2-associated genes compared with IL-4 alone. We demonstrated that MSC-CM had therapeutic effects in experimental antiglomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis that were mediated through anti-inflammatory effects that were partly due to acceleration of M2 macrophage polarization, which might be mediated by MCP-1 enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Iseri
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Masayuki Iyoda
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Hirokazu Ohtaki
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Matsumoto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Yukihiro Wada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Taihei Suzuki
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Yasutaka Yamamoto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Tomohiro Saito
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Kei Hihara
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Shohei Tachibana
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Kazuho Honda
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Shibata
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
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19
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Cao Q, Harris DCH, Wang Y. Macrophages in kidney injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. Physiology (Bethesda) 2016; 30:183-94. [PMID: 25933819 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00046.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are found in normal kidney and in increased numbers in diseased kidney, where they act as key players in renal injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. Macrophages are highly heterogeneous cells and exhibit distinct phenotypic and functional characteristics in response to various stimuli in the local microenvironment in different types of kidney disease. In kidney tissue necrosis and/or infection, damage- and/or pathogen-associated molecular patterns induce pro-inflammatory macrophages, which contribute to further tissue injury, inflammation, and subsequent fibrosis. Apoptotic cells and anti-inflammatory factors in post-inflammatory tissues induced anti-inflammatory macrophages, which can mediate kidney repair and regeneration. This review summarizes the role of macrophages with different phenotypes in kidney injury, inflammation, and fibrosis in various acute and chronic kidney diseases. Understanding alterations of kidney microenvironment and the factors that control the phenotype and functions of macrophages may offer an avenue for the development of new cellular and cytokine/growth factor-based therapies as alternative treatment options for patients with kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cao
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David C H Harris
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yiping Wang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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20
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Yin J, Hu H, Li X, Xue M, Cheng W, Wang Y, Xuan Y, Li X, Yang N, Shi Y, Yan S. Inhibition of Notch signaling pathway attenuates sympathetic hyperinnervation together with the augmentation of M2 macrophages in rats post-myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 310:C41-53. [PMID: 26491050 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00163.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation-dominated sympathetic sprouting adjacent to the necrotic region following myocardial infarction (MI) has been implicated in the etiology of arrhythmias resulting in sudden cardiac death; however, the mechanisms responsible remain to be elucidated. Although being a key immune mediator, the role of Notch has yet to be explored. We investigated whether Notch regulates macrophage responses to inflammation and affects cardiac sympathetic reinnervation in rats undergoing MI. MI was induced by coronary artery ligation. A high level of Notch intracellular domain was observed in the macrophages that infiltrated the infarct area at 3 days post-MI. The administration of the Notch inhibitor N-N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl-L-alanyl)-S-phenylglycine-t-butyl ester (DAPT) (intravenously 30 min before MI and then daily until death) decreased the number of macrophages and significantly increased the M2 macrophage activation profile in the early stages and attenuated the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF). Eventually, NGF-induced sympathetic hyperinnervation was blunted, as assessed by the immunofluorescence of tyrosine hydroxylase. At 7 days post-MI, the arrhythmia score of programmed electric stimulation in the vehicle-treated infarcted rats was higher than that in rats treated with DAPT. Further deterioration in cardiac function and decreases in the plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were also detected. In vitro studies revealed that LPS/IFN-γ upregulated the surface expression of NGF in M1 macrophages in a Notch-dependent manner. We concluded that Notch inhibition during the acute inflammatory response phase is associated with the downregulation of NGF, probably through a macrophage-dependent pathway, thus preventing the process of sympathetic hyperinnervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hesheng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mei Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjuan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yongli Xuan
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinran Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Na Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yugen Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Suhua Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Hillel AT, Samad I, Ma G, Ding D, Sadtler K, Powell JD, Lane AP, Horton MR. Dysregulated Macrophages Are Present in Bleomycin-Induced Murine Laryngotracheal Stenosis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015; 153:244-50. [PMID: 26084828 DOI: 10.1177/0194599815589106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define the inflammatory cell infiltrate preceding fibrosis in a laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) murine model. STUDY DESIGN Prospective controlled murine study. SETTING Laboratory. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Chemomechanical injury mice (n = 44) sustained bleomycin-coated wire-brush injury to the laryngotracheal complex while mechanical injury controls (n = 42) underwent phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-coated wire-brush injury. Mock surgery controls (n = 34) underwent anterior transcervical tracheal exposure only. Inflammatory and fibrosis protein and gene expression were assessed in each condition. Immunohistochemistry served as a secondary outcome. RESULTS In chemomechanical injury mice, there was an upregulation of collagen I (P < .0001, P < .0001), Tgf-β (P = .0023, P = .0008), and elastin (P < .0001, P < .0001) on day 7; acute inflammatory gene Il1β (P = .0027, P = .0008) on day 1; and macrophage gene CD11b (P = .0026, P = .0033) on day 1 vs mechanical and mock controls, respectively. M1 marker inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression decreased (P = .0014) while M2 marker Arg1 (P = .0002) increased on day 7 compared with mechanical controls. Flow cytometry demonstrated increased macrophages (P = .0058, day 4) and M1 macrophages (P = .0148, day 4; P = .0343, day 7; P = .0229, day 10) compared to mock controls. There were similarities between chemomechanical and mechanical injury mice with an increase in M2 macrophages at day 10 (P = .0196). CONCLUSIONS The bleomycin-induced LTS mouse model demonstrated increased macrophages involved with the development of fibrosis. Macrophage immunophenotype suggested that dysregulated M2 macrophages have a role in abnormal laryngotracheal wound healing. These data delineate inflammatory cells and signaling pathways in LTS that may potentially be modulated to lessen fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Hillel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Idris Samad
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Garret Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dacheng Ding
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Sadtler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan D Powell
- Department of Oncology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew P Lane
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maureen R Horton
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Burdo TH, Walker J, Williams KC. Macrophage Polarization in AIDS: Dynamic Interface between Anti-Viral and Anti-Inflammatory Macrophages during Acute and Chronic Infection. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL & CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 6:333. [PMID: 26500805 PMCID: PMC4612489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Monocyte and macrophage inflammation in parenchymal tissues during acute and chronic HIV and SIV infection plays a role in early anti-viral immune responses and later in restorative responses. Macrophage polarization is observed in such responses in the central nervous system (CNS) and the heart and cardiac vessels that suggest early responses are M1 type antiviral responses, and later responses favor M2 restorative responses. Macrophage polarization is unique to different tissues and is likely dictated as much by the local microenvironment as well as other inflammatory cells involved in the viral responses. Such polarization is found in HIV infected humans, and the SIV infected animal model of AIDS, and occurs even with effective anti-retroviral therapy. Therapies that directly target macrophage polarization in HIV infection have recently been implemented, as have therapies to directly block traffic and accumulation of macrophages in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia H Burdo
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Joshua Walker
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
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Ambegaokar SS, Kolson DL. Heme oxygenase-1 dysregulation in the brain: implications for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Curr HIV Res 2015; 12:174-88. [PMID: 24862327 PMCID: PMC4155834 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x12666140526122709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a highly inducible and ubiquitous cellular enzyme that subserves cytoprotective responses to toxic insults, including inflammation and oxidative stress. In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis, HO-1 expression is increased, presumably reflecting an endogenous neuroprotective response against ongoing cellular injury. In contrast, we have found that in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of the brain, which is also associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration, HO-1 expression is decreased, likely reflecting a unique role for HO-1 deficiency in neurodegeneration pathways activated by HIV infection. We have also shown that HO-1 expression is significantly suppressed by HIV replication in cultured macrophages which represent the primary cellular reservoir for HIV in the brain. HO-1 deficiency is associated with release of neurotoxic levels of glutamate from both HIV-infected and immune-activated macrophages; this glutamate-mediated neurotoxicity is suppressed by pharmacological induction of HO-1 expression in the macrophages. Thus, HO-1 induction could be a therapeutic strategy for neuroprotection against HIV infection and other neuroinflammatory brain diseases. Here, we review various stimuli and signaling pathways regulating HO-1 expression in macrophages, which could promote neuronal survival through HO-1-modulation of endogenous antioxidant and immune modulatory pathways, thus limiting the oxidative stress that can promote HIV disease progression in the CNS. The use of pharmacological inducers of endogenous HO-1 expression as potential adjunctive neuroprotective therapeutics in HIV infection is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dennis L Kolson
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 280 Clinical Research Building, 415 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Ballinger MN, Newstead MW, Zeng X, Bhan U, Mo XM, Kunkel SL, Moore BB, Flavell R, Christman JW, Standiford TJ. IRAK-M promotes alternative macrophage activation and fibroproliferation in bleomycin-induced lung injury. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:1894-904. [PMID: 25595781 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating lung disease characterized by inflammation and the development of excessive extracellular matrix deposition. Currently, there are only limited therapeutic intervenes to offer patients diagnosed with pulmonary fibrosis. Although previous studies focused on structural cells in promoting fibrosis, our study assessed the contribution of macrophages. Recently, TLR signaling has been identified as a regulator of pulmonary fibrosis. IL-1R-associated kinase-M (IRAK-M), a MyD88-dependent inhibitor of TLR signaling, suppresses deleterious inflammation, but may paradoxically promote fibrogenesis. Mice deficient in IRAK-M (IRAK-M(-/-)) were protected against bleomycin-induced fibrosis and displayed diminished collagen deposition in association with reduced production of IL-13 compared with wild-type (WT) control mice. Bone marrow chimera experiments indicated that IRAK-M expression by bone marrow-derived cells, rather than structural cells, promoted fibrosis. After bleomycin, WT macrophages displayed an alternatively activated phenotype, whereas IRAK-M(-/-) macrophages displayed higher expression of classically activated macrophage markers. Using an in vitro coculture system, macrophages isolated from in vivo bleomycin-challenged WT, but not IRAK-M(-/-), mice promoted increased collagen and α-smooth muscle actin expression from lung fibroblasts in an IL-13-dependent fashion. Finally, IRAK-M expression is upregulated in peripheral blood cells from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients and correlated with markers of alternative macrophage activation. These data indicate expression of IRAK-M skews lung macrophages toward an alternatively activated profibrotic phenotype, which promotes collagen production, leading to the progression of experimental pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan N Ballinger
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210;
| | - Michael W Newstead
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Xianying Zeng
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Urvashi Bhan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Xiaokui M Mo
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43221
| | - Steven L Kunkel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
| | - Bethany B Moore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Richard Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - John W Christman
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Theodore J Standiford
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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A lovastatin-elicited genetic program inhibits M2 macrophage polarization and enhances T cell infiltration into spontaneous mouse mammary tumors. Oncotarget 2014; 4:2288-301. [PMID: 24317954 PMCID: PMC3926827 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond their ability to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis, the statins have pleiotropic effects that include anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Statins could have clinical utility, alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutics, in the treatment of cancer. The mechanisms that underlie the anti-tumor activity of the statins are nonetheless poorly defined. No studies have analyzed how they alter the tumor-associated leukocyte infiltrate, a central factor that influences tumor stroma and cancer evolution. Here we used HER2/neu transgenic (Tg-neu) mice to analyze the effect of lovastatin (Lov) on the inflammatory reaction of spontaneous mammary tumors. Lov treatment of tumor-bearing Tg-neu mice did not alter growth of established tumors, but significantly reduced the number of new oncogenic lesions in these mice. Moreover, Lov inhibited the growth of newly implanted Tg-neu tumors in immunocompetent but not in immunodeficient mice. We found that Lov enhanced tumor infiltration by effector T cells, and reduced the number of immunosuppressive and pro-angiogenic M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). Concomitantly, the drug improved the structure and function of the tumor vasculature, measured as enhanced tumor oxygenation and penetration of cytotoxic drugs. Microarray analysis identified a Lov-elicited genetic program in Tg-neu tumors that might explain these effects; we observed Lov-induced downregulation of placental growth factor, which triggers aberrant angiogenesis and M2-like TAM polarization. Our results identify a role for lovastatin in the shaping and re-education of the inflammatory infiltrate in tumors, with functional consequences in angiogenesis and antitumor immunity.
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Yetik-Anacak G, Sorrentino R, Linder AE, Murat N. Gas what: NO is not the only answer to sexual function. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:1434-54. [PMID: 24661203 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to get and keep an erection is important to men for several reasons and the inability is known as erectile dysfunction (ED). ED has started to be accepted as an early indicator of systemic endothelial dysfunction and subsequently of cardiovascular diseases. The role of NO in endothelial relaxation and erectile function is well accepted. The discovery of NO as a small signalling gasotransmitter led to the investigation of the role of other endogenously derived gases, carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. The role of NO and CO in sexual function and dysfunction has been investigated more extensively and, recently, the involvement of H2 S in erectile function has also been confirmed. In this review, we focus on the role of these three sister gasotransmitters in the physiology, pharmacology and pathophysiology of sexual function in man, specifically erectile function. We have also reviewed the role of soluble guanylyl cyclase/cGMP pathway as a common target of these gasotransmitters. Several studies have proposed alternative therapies targeting different mechanisms in addition to PDE-5 inhibition for ED treatment, since some patients do not respond to these drugs. This review highlights complementary and possible coordinated roles for these mediators and treatments targeting these gasotransmitters in erectile function/ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Yetik-Anacak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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Taguchi K, Okada A, Kitamura H, Yasui T, Naiki T, Hamamoto S, Ando R, Mizuno K, Kawai N, Tozawa K, Asano K, Tanaka M, Miyoshi I, Kohri K. Colony-stimulating factor-1 signaling suppresses renal crystal formation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:1680-97. [PMID: 24578130 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013060675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported evidence suggesting that migrating macrophages (Mϕs) eliminate renal crystals in hyperoxaluric mice. Mϕs can be inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2), and colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) mediates polarization to the M2Mϕ phenotype. M2Mϕs promote renal tissue repair and regeneration, but it is not clear whether these cells are involved in suppressing renal crystal formation. We investigated the role of M2Mϕs in renal crystal formation during hyperoxaluria using CSF-1-deficient mice, which lack M2Mϕs. Compared with wild-type mice, CSF-1-deficient mice had significantly higher amounts of renal calcium oxalate crystal deposition. Treatment with recombinant human CSF-1 increased the expression of M2-related genes and markedly decreased the number of renal crystals in both CSF-1-deficient and wild-type mice. Flow cytometry of sorted renal Mϕs showed that CSF-1 deficiency resulted in a smaller population of CD11b(+)F4/80(+)CD163(+)CD206(hi) cells, which represent M2-like Mϕs. Additionally, transfusion of M2Mϕs into CSF-1-deficient mice suppressed renal crystal deposition. In vitro phagocytosis assays with calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals showed a higher rate of crystal phagocytosis by M2-polarized Mϕs than M1-polarized Mϕs or renal tubular cells. Gene array profiling showed that CSF-1 deficiency resulted in disordered M2- and stone-related gene expressions. Collectively, our results provide compelling evidence for a suppressive role of CSF-1 signaling in renal crystal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hiroshi Kitamura
- Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan; and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kenichi Asano
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, School of Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Tanaka
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, School of Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Miyoshi
- Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan; and
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Moriyama T, Oshima Y, Tanaka K, Iwasaki C, Ochi A, Itabashi M, Takei T, Uchida K, Nitta K. Statins stabilize the renal function of IgA nephropathy. Ren Fail 2013; 36:356-60. [PMID: 24341619 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2013.866512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The renoprotective pleiotropic effect of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) has recently been reported by several investigators. However, the effect of statins on IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is still unknown. METHODS We selected 24 IgAN patients who had newly started statin therapy and were not treated with steroids and immunosuppressive agents during the observation period. We analyzed and compared clinical findings 1 year before and after treatment. RESULTS Mean age was 50.5 ± 9.91 years and mean blood pressure was 90.9 ± 10.8 mmHg. Renal function was slightly deteriorated, serum creatinine was 1.03 (0.71-1.24) mg/dL and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 55.8 ± 22.8 mL/min. Lipid metabolism was poorly controlled [total cholesterol 247.7 ± 35.7 mg/dL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol 151.5 (140.8-172.8) mg/dL, and triglyceride 163.0 (126.3-243.8) mg/dL]. Mild urinary abnormality was observed [proteinuria: 0.50 (0.22-1.29) g/g creatinine, urinary red blood cells 1.0 (0.2-5.0) per high power field]. After 1 year of statin treatment, lipid control was significantly better than at baseline. Proteinuria was not significantly decreased but renal function was improved. eGFR changed from a -5.9% decrease to a 2.4% increase (p = 0.0098). CONCLUSION Our results indicated that statins stabilized the renal function of IgAN patients independent of their reduction of proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Moriyama
- Department of Medicine, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University , Tokyo , Japan
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Uchiyama M, Shimizu A, Masuda Y, Nagasaka S, Fukuda Y, Takahashi H. An ophthalmic solution of a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist prevents corneal inflammation in a rat alkali burn model. Mol Vis 2013; 19:2135-50. [PMID: 24194635 PMCID: PMC3816991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We clarified the effects of an ophthalmic solution of a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist on corneal inflammation and wound healing after alkali burn injury in rats. METHODS After alkali exposure, either an ophthalmic solution with 0.1% pioglitazone hydrochloride (the PPARγ group) or vehicle (the vehicle group) was topically applied to the cornea until day 14. Histological, immunohistochemical, and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis were performed. RESULTS After alkali injury, PPARγ expression increased, with the infiltration of many inflammatory cells. The infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages started from the corneal limbus within 6 h, and developed in the corneal center by day 7, with associated neovascularization. The accumulation of α-smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts and the deposition of type III collagen were noted on day 14. The histological changes were suppressed significantly by treatment with the ophthalmic solution of the PPARγ agonist. In addition, the number of infiltrating M2 macrophages in the cornea was increased by PPARγ agonist treatment. In real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis, the messenger ribonucleic acid expression levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor beta 1, and vascular endothelial growth factor-A were decreased in the PPARγ group compared to the vehicle group in the early periods of corneal inflammation. CONCLUSIONS The ophthalmic solution of the PPARγ agonist inhibited inflammation, decreased the fibrotic reaction, and prevented neovascularization in the cornea from the early phase after alkali burn injury. The ophthalmic solution of the PPARγ agonist may provide a new treatment strategy with useful clinical applications for corneal inflammation and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Uchiyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukinari Masuda
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Nagasaka
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuh Fukuda
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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Alfano M, Graziano F, Genovese L, Poli G. Macrophage Polarization at the Crossroad Between HIV-1 Infection and Cancer Development. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:1145-52. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mononuclear phagocytes play a fundamental role in the tissue homeostasis and innate defenses against viruses and other microbial pathogens. In addition, they are likely involved in several steps of cancer development. Circulating monocytes and tissue macrophages are target cells of viral infections, including human cytomegalovirus, human herpes virus 8, and the HIV, and alterations of their functional and phenotypic properties are likely involved in many tissue-degenerative diseases, including atherosclerosis and cancer. Different tissue microenvironments as well as their pathological alterations can profoundly affect the polarization state of macrophages toward the extreme phenotypes conventionally termed M1 and M2. Thus, targeting disease-associated macrophages is considered a potential approach particularly in the context of cancer-associated tumor-associated macrophages, supporting malignant cell growth and progression toward a metastatic phenotype. Of note is the fact that tumor-associated macrophages isolated from established tumors display phenotypic and functional features similar to those of in vitro–derived M2-polarized cells. Concerning HIV-1 infection, viral eradication strategies in the context of combination antiretroviral therapy should also consider the possibility to deplete, at least transiently, certain mononuclear phagocytes subsets, although the possibility of distinguishing those that are either infected or pathogenically altered remains a goal of future research. In the present review, we will focus on the recent literature concerning the role of human macrophage polarization in viral infections and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Alfano
- From the AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (M.A., F.G., L.G., G.P.); and Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy (F.G., L.G., G.P.)
| | - Francesca Graziano
- From the AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (M.A., F.G., L.G., G.P.); and Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy (F.G., L.G., G.P.)
| | - Luca Genovese
- From the AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (M.A., F.G., L.G., G.P.); and Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy (F.G., L.G., G.P.)
| | - Guido Poli
- From the AIDS Immunopathogenesis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (M.A., F.G., L.G., G.P.); and Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy (F.G., L.G., G.P.)
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Satomi T, Ogawa M, Mori I, Ishino S, Kubo K, Magata Y, Nishimoto T. Comparison of contrast agents for atherosclerosis imaging using cultured macrophages: FDG versus ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:999-1004. [PMID: 23670898 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.110551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Various noninvasive imaging methods have been developed to evaluate atherosclerotic plaques. Among them, (18)F-FDG PET and MR imaging with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (USPIO) have been used to quantify plaque inflammation. Both methods are based on the efficient uptake of FDG and USPIO by macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions. Differently polarized macrophages have been reported to have different characteristics that are involved in the pathologic development of atherosclerosis. M1 polarized macrophages are considered the more proatherogenic phenotype than M2 polarized macrophages. However, little is known regarding the association between macrophage polarization and FDG or USPIO accumulation. In this study, we investigated intracellular FDG and USPIO accumulation in M1 and M2 polarized macrophages. METHODS THP-1 macrophages were differentiated into M1 and M2 polarized macrophages. Under optimal glucose conditions, we investigated the (3)H-labeled FDG uptake in M1 and M2 polarized macrophages. We then investigated intracellular USPIO uptake by M1 and M2 macrophages. RESULTS We found that M1 polarization, compared with M2 polarization, results in increased intracellular accumulation of FDG. To elucidate the mechanism by which FDG was preferentially accumulated in M1 macrophages, we examined messenger RNA expressions of glucose transporters (GLUTs) and hexokinases, which have pivotal roles in glucose uptake, and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), which catalyzes the reverse reaction of hexokinase. In M1 macrophages, GLUT-1, GLUT-3, hexokinase 1, and hexokinase 2 were upregulated and G6Pase was downregulated. In contrast to FDG, M1 polarization resulted in decreased intracellular accumulation of USPIO. We found that scavenger receptor A and CD11b, which are involved in USPIO binding and uptake, were significantly downregulated by M1 polarization. CONCLUSION Compared with M2, proatherogenic M1 macrophages preferentially accumulated FDG but not USPIO, suggesting that FDG PET is a useful method for the detection of proinflammatory M1 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Satomi
- Metabolic Disease Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Fujisawa, Japan.
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Eligini S, Crisci M, Bono E, Songia P, Tremoli E, Colombo GI, Colli S. Human monocyte-derived macrophages spontaneously differentiated in vitro show distinct phenotypes. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:1464-72. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Furuhashi K, Tsuboi N, Shimizu A, Katsuno T, Kim H, Saka Y, Ozaki T, Sado Y, Imai E, Matsuo S, Maruyama S. Serum-starved adipose-derived stromal cells ameliorate crescentic GN by promoting immunoregulatory macrophages. J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 24:587-603. [PMID: 23471196 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2012030264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) derived from adipose tissue have immunomodulatory effects, suggesting that they may have therapeutic potential for crescentic GN. Here, we systemically administered adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) in a rat model of anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) disease and found that this treatment protected against renal injury and decreased proteinuria, crescent formation, and infiltration by glomerular leukocytes, including neutrophils, CD8(+) T cells, and CD68(+) macrophages. Interestingly, ASCs cultured under low-serum conditions (LASCs), but not bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs), increased the number of immunoregulatory CD163(+) macrophages in diseased glomeruli. Macrophages cocultured with ASCs, but not with BM-MSCs, adopted an immunoregulatory phenotype. Notably, LASCs polarized macrophages into CD163(+) immunoregulatory cells associated with IL-10 production more efficiently than ASCs cultured under high-serum conditions. Pharmaceutical ablation of PGE2 production, blocking the EP4 receptor, or neutralizing IL-6 in the coculture medium all significantly reversed this LASC-induced conversion of macrophages. Furthermore, pretreating LASCs with aspirin or cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors impaired the ability of LASCs to ameliorate nephritogenic IgG-mediated renal injury. Taken together, these results suggest that LASCs exert renoprotective effects in anti-GBM GN by promoting the phenotypic conversion of macrophages to immunoregulatory cells, suggesting that LASC transfer may represent a therapeutic strategy for crescentic GN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Furuhashi
- Department of Nephrology, Internal Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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Iwata Y, Furuichi K, Wada T. [Involvement of myeloid derived immunosuppressive cells in progressive renal diseases]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 36:2-10. [PMID: 23445726 DOI: 10.2177/jsci.36.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive cells have been reported to contribute to the inflammatory diseases in various organs. Interferon (IFN)-γ stimulations skew macrophages (Mψ) toward classically activated (M1) phenotype and interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, IL-10 skew toward alternatively activated (M2) phenotypes. M2 polarized Mψ has immune regulatory function via various mechanisms, such as cytokine/chemokine expression, high activity of scavenging and interaction with other type of cells. Recently, another type of immunosuppressive myeloid cells, myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC), have been explored not only in tumor immunology, but also in inflammatory diseases. Orchestration of inflammation by these immunosuppressive cells with inflammatory cells has impact on progressive kidney diseases as well as inflammatory diseases.
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Oczypok EA, Oury TD, Chu CT. It's a cell-eat-cell world: autophagy and phagocytosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 182:612-22. [PMID: 23369575 PMCID: PMC3589073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The process of cellular eating, or the phagocytic swallowing of one cell by another, is an ancient manifestation of the struggle for life itself. Following the endosymbiotic origin of eukaryotic cells, increased cellular and then multicellular complexity was accompanied by the emergence of autophagic mechanisms for self-digestion. Heterophagy and autophagy function not only to protect the nutritive status of cells, but also as defensive responses against microbial pathogens externally or the ill effects of damaged proteins and organelles within. Because of the key roles played by phagocytosis and autophagy in a wide range of acute and chronic human diseases, pathologists have played similarly key roles in elucidating basic regulatory phases for both processes. Studies in diverse organ systems (including the brain, liver, kidney, lung, and muscle) have defined key roles for these lysosomal pathways in infection control, cell death, inflammation, cancer, neurodegeneration, and mitochondrial homeostasis. The literature reviewed here exemplifies the role of pathology in defining leading-edge questions for continued molecular and pathophysiological investigations into all forms of cellular digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Oczypok
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tim D. Oury
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Charleen T. Chu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Huang CF, Peng HJ, Wu CC, Lo WT, Shih YL, Wu TC. Effect of oral administration with pravastatin and atorvastatin on airway hyperresponsiveness and allergic reactions in asthmatic mice. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2012; 110:11-7. [PMID: 23244652 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling. Pravastatin and atorvastatin are used clinically as cholesterol-lowering agents but also exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties. OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic effect of oral statins on airway hyperresponsiveness and allergic reaction. METHODS BALB/c mice received intraperitoneal sensitization and aerosol inhalation with ovalbumin consequently. One week after ovalbumin aerosol challenge, pravastatin, atorvastatin, or phosphate-buffered saline were given by intragastric gavage daily for 2 weeks. Airway hyperresponsiveness, serum allergen specific antibody levels, cytokine production by splenocytes, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were examined. RESULTS Both pravastatin and atorvastatin effectively reduced airway hyperresponsiveness. Pravastatin effectively suppressed both T(H)1- and T(H)2-mediated antibody responses, reducing serum specific IgE, IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a levels. Pravastatin also effectively reduced interleukin (IL) 4, IL-5, and interferon γ production but significantly enhanced IL-10 levels in splenocytes and BALF. Similarly, atorvastatin effectively attenuated production of specific IgE, IgG1, and IgG2a antibodies. It also significantly attenuated IL-4, interferon γ, and increased IL-10 concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and splenocytes. CONCLUSION Oral administration of pravastatin or atorvastatin not only was able to inhibit T(H)1 inflammatory responses but also had therapeutic effects on airway hyperresponsiveness and T(H)2 allergic responses. These results seem to suggest that these drugs have potential as a nonimmunosuppressive therapy for asthma and allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Feng Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Shaikh S, Brittenden J, Lahiri R, Brown PAJ, Thies F, Wilson HM. Macrophage subtypes in symptomatic carotid artery and femoral artery plaques. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2012; 44:491-7. [PMID: 22975154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare differences in macrophage heterogeneity and morphological composition between atherosclerotic plaques obtained from recently symptomatic patients with carotid artery disease and femoral plaques from patients with severe limb ischemia. DESIGN Experimental study. METHODS Plaques were obtained from 32 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy and 25 patients undergoing common femoral endarterectomy or lower limb bypass. Macrophages and T cell numbers were detected in plaque sections by immunohistochemistry and anti CD68 and CD3 antibodies. Dual staining for CD68 and M1- and M2-macrophage markers and morphometric analysis of hematoxylin and eosin stained plaque sections was performed. RESULTS Carotid plaques had significantly increased percentage areas of confluent lipid and leukocytic infiltrates. In contrast, areas of fibroconnective tissue were significantly greater in femoral plaques and percentage areas of confluent calcification and collagen were elevated. Carotid artery plaques had greater numbers per plaque area of macrophages and T cells consistent with a more inflammatory phenotype. Proportions displaying M1-activation markers were significantly increased in the carotid compared to femoral plaques whereas femoral plaques displayed a greater proportion of M2-macrophages. CONCLUSION Plaques from patients with recently symptomatic carotid disease have a predominance of M1-macrophages and higher lipid content than femoral plaques, consistent with a more unstable plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shaikh
- Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, UK
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Sica A, Mantovani A. Macrophage plasticity and polarization: in vivo veritas. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:787-95. [PMID: 22378047 DOI: 10.1172/jci59643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4300] [Impact Index Per Article: 358.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diversity and plasticity are hallmarks of cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage. In response to IFNs, Toll-like receptor engagement, or IL-4/IL-13 signaling, macrophages undergo M1 (classical) or M2 (alternative) activation, which represent extremes of a continuum in a universe of activation states. Progress has now been made in defining the signaling pathways, transcriptional networks, and epigenetic mechanisms underlying M1-M2 or M2-like polarized activation. Functional skewing of mononuclear phagocytes occurs in vivo under physiological conditions (e.g., ontogenesis and pregnancy) and in pathology (allergic and chronic inflammation, tissue repair, infection, and cancer). However, in selected preclinical and clinical conditions, coexistence of cells in different activation states and unique or mixed phenotypes have been observed, a reflection of dynamic changes and complex tissue-derived signals. The identification of mechanisms and molecules associated with macrophage plasticity and polarized activation provides a basis for macrophage-centered diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Sica
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy.
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Prolonged C1 Inhibitor Administration Improves Local Healing of Burn Wounds and Reduces Myocardial Inflammation in a Rat Burn Wound Model. J Burn Care Res 2012; 33:544-51. [DOI: 10.1097/bcr.0b013e31823bc2fc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
High plasmatic levels of aldosterone cause hypertension and contribute to progressive organ damage to the heart, vasculature, and kidneys. Recent studies have demonstrated a role for the immune system in these pathological processes. Aldosterone promotes an inflammatory state characterized by vascular infiltration of immune cells, reactive oxidative stress, and proinflammatory cytokine production. Further, cells of the adaptive immune system, such as T cells, seem to participate in the genesis of mineralocorticoid hormone-induced hypertension. In addition, the observation that aldosterone can promote CD4⁺ T-cell activation and Th17 polarization suggests that this hormone could contribute to the onset of autoimmunity. Here we discuss recent evidence supporting a significant involvement of the immune system, especially adaptive immunity, in the genesis of hypertension and organ damage induced by primary aldosteronism. In addition, possible new therapeutic approaches consisting of immunomodulator drugs to control exacerbated immune responses triggered by elevated aldosterone concentrations will be described.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a commonly occurring complication associated with the use of contrast media in radiological studies. Various clinical studies have been reported investigating the nephroprotective role of statins. In this article, we review relevant clinical studies reported in 2010. RECENT FINDINGS An overview of these indicates that the evidence for the use of statins specifically for offering renal protection against CIN is conflicting and inconclusive. SUMMARY Pending large, well designed, adequately powered randomized controlled trials, it can be concluded that at present there is no definite evidence for their use in preventing CIN apart from their antiatherosclerotic use. However, using the analogy of beneficial effect of statin preloading with percutaneous coronary intervention, it can be speculated that high-dose statin may be beneficial in affording nephroprotection against CIN.
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Al-Ani B, Al Nuaimi H, Savage C. The beneficial effects of statin therapy may not apply to all forms of crescentic glomerulonephritis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 178:2447; author reply 2447-8. [PMID: 21514453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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