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Xuan Z, Chen X, Zhou W, Shen Y, Sun Z, Zhang H, Yao Z. Exploring causal correlations between circulating cytokines and atopic dermatitis: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1367958. [PMID: 39055710 PMCID: PMC11269137 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1367958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Numerous observational studies have reported associations between circulating cytokines and atopic dermatitis (AD); however, the causal relationships between them remain unclear. To explore the causal correlations and direction of causal effects between AD and levels of 91 circulating cytokines. Methods Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted to examine the causal relationships between 91 circulating cytokines and AD using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Reverse MR analyses were performed to investigate reverse causation. Pleiotropy and heterogeneity tests were conducted to assess the robustness of the findings. Additional transcriptome database and clinical peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) samples were utilized to validate the results of MR analyses. Results Levels of interleukin (IL)-13, IL-18 Receptor 1, Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 14 (TNFSF14), TNF-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE), C-X-C motif chemokine (CXCL)11, IL-33, TNF-beta and CD5 were suggestively associated with the risk of AD (odds ratio, OR: 1.202, 95% CI: 1.018-1.422, p = 0.030; OR: 1.029, 95% CI: 1.029-1.157, p = 0.004; OR: 1.159, 95% CI: 1.018-1.320, p = 0.026; OR: 1.111, 95% CI: 1.016-1.214, p = 0.020; OR: 0.878, 95% CI: 0.783-0.984, p = 0.025; OR: 0.809, 95% CI: 0.661-0.991, p = 0.041; OR: 0.945, 95% CI: 0.896-0.997, p = 0.038; OR: 0.764, 95% CI: 0.652-0.895, p = 8.26e-04). In addition, levels of cytokines including Axin-1, CXCL5, CXCL10, Oncostatin-M (OSM), Sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1) and TNFSF14 were suggested to be consequences of AD (Beta: -0.080, p = 0.016; Beta: -0.062, p = 0.036; Beta: -0.066, p = 0.049; Beta: -0.073, p = 0.013; Beta: -0.089, p = 0.008; Beta: -0.079, p = 0.031). IL-13, IL-18R1, TNFSF14, and TRANCE were upregulated in both lesional skin biopsies and PBMCs from AD patients. Conclusion The study indicates that several cytokines, including IL-13, IL-18R1, TNFSF14, TRANCE, CXCL11, IL-33, TNF-beta, and CD5, are upstream of AD development, whereas a few circulating cytokines are potentially downstream in the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenquan Xuan
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanyi Chen
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weinan Zhou
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihang Shen
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhirong Yao
- Dermatology Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Eom JE, Shin DU, Kim GD, Yoon JH, Shin HS, Lee SY. Pediococcus pentosaceus KF159 alleviates house dust mite-induced atopic dermatitis by promoting IL10 production and regulatory T cell induction. Food Funct 2024; 15:6975-6987. [PMID: 38853660 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00933a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic immune disease that requires long-term management owing to its relative ease of recurrence. However, steroid treatment is limited owing to the side effects. Therefore, research on therapeutics with proven safety is required. Here, we evaluated the anti-allergic activity of the probiotic strain Pediococcus pentosaceus KF159 (PPKF159) with an ex vivo mouse model sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and a mouse model of AD induced by house dust mites. Changes in pathological symptoms were confirmed based on the clinical status of the AD-induced lesion site and the levels of T helper type 2 (Th2)-derived cytokines and immunoglobulin E (IgE). In addition, cell-mediated responses and related mechanisms were elucidated using various kinds of primary cells including splenocytes, mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer's patch, and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) in vitro and ex vivo. Oral administration of PPKF159 alleviated AD-like clinical symptoms such as erythema, edema, hemorrhage, and increased tissue thickness, and suppressed the production of Th2-associated cytokines and serum IgE while increasing T helper type 1 (Th1)-mediated cytokine production. PPKF159 induced tolerogenic dendritic cells (tol-DCs) by increasing the expression of ICOS-L, PD-L1, and IDO which were closely related to Treg induction in PPKF159-treated BMDCs. In addition, BMDCs and naive T cells co-cultured in the presence of PPKF159 had elevated IL10 production and increased proportions of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs compared to the absence of PPKF159. This study showed that PPKF159 relieved AD-like clinical symptoms, modulated the Th1/Th2 immune balance, and inhibited IgE production in a mouse AD model. PPKF159 induced the transformation of dendritic cells into tolerogenic versions. These induced tol-DCs directly enhanced the production of IL10 or improved the secretion of IL10 through the induction of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells, thereby improving AD. These results suggest that PPKF159 can be applied as a functional food material for the treatment and prevention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Eom
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Uk Shin
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Dong Kim
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Hoon Yoon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Soon Shin
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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3
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Zong Y, Deng K, Chong WP. Regulation of Treg cells by cytokine signaling and co-stimulatory molecules. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1387975. [PMID: 38807592 PMCID: PMC11131382 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1387975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), a vital component of the immune system, are responsible for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing excessive immune responses. This review explores the signaling pathways of the cytokines that regulate Treg cells, including transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10, and IL-35, which foster the differentiation and enhance the immunosuppressive capabilities of Tregs. It also examines how, conversely, signals mediated by IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor -alpha (TNF-α) can undermine Treg suppressive functions or even drive their reprogramming into effector T cells. The B7 family comprises indispensable co-stimulators for T cell activation. Among its members, this review focuses on the capacity of CTLA-4 and PD-1 to regulate the differentiation, function, and survival of Tregs. As Tregs play an essential role in maintaining immune homeostasis, their dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. This review delves into the potential of employing Treg-based immunotherapy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection, and cancer. By shedding light on these topics, this article aims to enhance our understanding of the regulation of Tregs by cytokines and their therapeutic potential for various pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaihang Deng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Po Chong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shenzhen, China
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Massironi S, Mulinacci G, Gallo C, Elvevi A, Danese S, Invernizzi P, Vespa E. Mechanistic Insights into Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Therapies Targeting Pathophysiological Mechanisms. Cells 2023; 12:2473. [PMID: 37887317 PMCID: PMC10605530 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the esophagus. It arises from a complex interplay of genetic predisposition (susceptibility loci), environmental triggers (allergens and dietary antigens), and a dysregulated immune response, mainly mediated by type 2 T helper cell (Th2)-released cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13. These cytokines control eosinophil recruitment and activation as well as tissue remodeling, contributing to the characteristic features of EoE. The pathogenesis of EoE includes epithelial barrier dysfunction, mast cell activation, eosinophil degranulation, and fibrosis. Epithelial barrier dysfunction allows allergen penetration and promotes immune cell infiltration, thereby perpetuating the inflammatory response. Mast cells release proinflammatory mediators and promote eosinophil recruitment and the release of cytotoxic proteins and cytokines, causing tissue damage and remodeling. Prolonged inflammation can lead to fibrosis, resulting in long-term complications such as strictures and dysmotility. Current treatment options for EoE are limited and mainly focus on dietary changes, proton-pump inhibitors, and topical corticosteroids. Novel therapies targeting key inflammatory pathways, such as monoclonal antibodies against IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, are emerging in clinical trials. A deeper understanding of the complex pathogenetic mechanisms behind EoE will contribute to the development of more effective and personalized therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Massironi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy; (G.M.); (C.G.); (A.E.)
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Mulinacci
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy; (G.M.); (C.G.); (A.E.)
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Gallo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy; (G.M.); (C.G.); (A.E.)
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Elvevi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy; (G.M.); (C.G.); (A.E.)
| | - Silvio Danese
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy; (G.M.); (C.G.); (A.E.)
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Vespa
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
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Zhong M, Chen H, Lan J, Lan C, Liang L, Yu J, Zhong H, Zhou X, Lu J, Tan X, Lu W. Th1 or Th2 cytokines are correlated with Tregs and T cell subsets and pregnancy outcomes in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease during early, middle, late pregnancy, and postpartum period. Hum Immunol 2023; 84:525-533. [PMID: 37563064 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is a T lymphocytes-mediated autoimmune disorder affecting pregnant women. The current study sought to determine the correlations between T helper-1 (Th1)/T helper-2 (Th2) cytokines and regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T cell subsets and pregnancy outcomes in AITD patients during early pregnancy (T1), middle pregnancy (T2), late pregnancy (T3), and postpartum period (PP). A total of 60 patients with Graves' disease, 60 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and 30 healthy pregnant women were initially enrolled in the study. Thyroid hormones and antibodies, Th1 or Th2 cytokines, transforming growth factor-β, Tregs, CD4+ T helper cells (CD4+), CD8+ T helper cells (CD8+) levels were determined by means of Maglumi2000 automatic chemiluminescence instrument, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and flow cytometry. Our findings demonstrated higher IFN-γ and IL-2 levels, along with lower IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β, Treg, and CD4+/CD8+ levels in AITD patients during T1, T2, T3, and PP. Furthermore, the TGF-β, Treg, and CD4+/CD8+ levels were lower in the IFN-γ/IL-2 high expression group but higher in the IL-4/IL-10 high expression group. The IFN-γ and IL-2 levels were higher, while IL-4 and IL-10 level were lower in AITD patients with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Lastly, Th1 cytokines were higher and Th2 cytokines were lower in AITD patients and elicited correlation with Tregs and CD4+/CD8+ levels. Collectively, our findings highlighted that up-regulation of Th1 cytokines may increase the percentage of adverse pregnancy outcomes in AITD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Jiao Lan
- Research and Experimental Center, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Chunyong Lan
- Department of Ultrasound, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Lan Liang
- Department of Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Jingming Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Tan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Wensheng Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China.
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Lower levels of CXCL-8 and IL-2 on admission as predictors of early adverse reactions to Bothrops antivenom in the Brazilian Amazon. Cytokine 2022; 152:155825. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ruohtula T, Kondrashova A, Lehtonen J, Oikarinen S, Hämäläinen AM, Niemelä O, Peet A, Tillmann V, Nieminen JK, Ilonen J, Knip M, Vaarala O, Hyöty H. Immunomodulatory Effects of Rhinovirus and Enterovirus Infections During the First Year of Life. Front Immunol 2021; 11:567046. [PMID: 33643278 PMCID: PMC7905218 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.567046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early childhood infections have been implicated in the development of immune-mediated diseases, such as allergies, asthma, and type 1 diabetes. We set out to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of early viral infections experienced before the age of one year on the peripheral regulatory T cell population (Treg) and circulating cytokines in a birth-cohort study of Estonian and Finnish infants. We show here a temporal association of virus infection with the expression of FOXP3 in regulatory T cells. Infants with rhinovirus infection during the preceding 30 days had a higher FOXP3 expression in Treg cells and decreased levels of several cytokines related to Th1 and Th2 responses in comparison to the children without infections. In contrast, FOXP3 expression was significantly decreased in highly activated (CD4+CD127-/loCD25+FOXP3high) regulatory T cells (TregFOXP3high) in the infants who had enterovirus infection during the preceding 30 or 60 days. After enterovirus infections, the cytokine profile showed an upregulation of Th1- and Th17-related cytokines and a decreased activation of CCL22, which is a chemokine derived from dendritic cells and associated with Th2 deviation. Our results reveal that immunoregulatory mechanisms are up-regulated after rhinovirus infections, while enterovirus infections are associated with activation of proinflammatory pathways and decreased immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anita Kondrashova
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jussi Lehtonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sami Oikarinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anu-Maaria Hämäläinen
- Department of Pediatrics, Jorvi Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Espoo, Finland
| | - Onni Niemelä
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit, Seinäjoki Central Hospital and University of Tampere, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Aleksandr Peet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tartu and Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vallo Tillmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tartu and Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Janne K Nieminen
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma Ilonen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikael Knip
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Outi Vaarala
- Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
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Bergantini L, Cameli P, d'Alessandro M, Vietri L, Perruzza M, Pieroni M, Lanzarone N, Refini RM, Fossi A, Bargagli E. Regulatory T Cells in Severe Persistent Asthma in the Era of Monoclonal Antibodies Target Therapies. Inflammation 2021; 43:393-400. [PMID: 31853715 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is an immunoinflammatory disease characterized by bronchial hyper-reactivity to different external stimuli. New monoclonal target treatments have been developed, but few studies have investigated the role of regulatory T cells in severe asthma and the modulatory effect of biological therapy on regulatory T cell functions. Their dysfunction may contribute to the development and exacerbation of asthma. Here we review the recent literature on the potential immunological role of regulatory T cells in the pathogenesis of severe asthma. The analysis of the role of regulatory T cells was performed in terms of functions and their possible interactions with mechanisms of action of the novel treatment for severe asthma. In an era of biological therapies for severe asthma, little data is available on the potential effects of what could be a new therapy: monoclonal antibody targeting of regulatory T cell numbers and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bergantini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Section, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 1, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - P Cameli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Section, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - M d'Alessandro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Section, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - L Vietri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Section, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - M Perruzza
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Section, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - M Pieroni
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Section, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - N Lanzarone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Section, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - R M Refini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Section, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - A Fossi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Section, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - E Bargagli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation Section, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
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9
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Habener A, Happle C, Grychtol R, Skuljec J, Busse M, Dalüge K, Obernolte H, Sewald K, Braun A, Meyer-Bahlburg A, Hansen G. Regulatory B cells control airway hyperreactivity and lung remodeling in a murine asthma model. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 147:2281-2294.e7. [PMID: 33249168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a widespread, multifactorial chronic airway disease. The influence of regulatory B cells on airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and remodeling in asthma is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to analyze the role of B cells in a house dust mite (HDM)-based murine asthma model. METHODS The influence of B cells on lung function, tissue remodeling, and the immune response were analyzed by using wild-type and B-cell-deficient (μMT) mice and transfer of IL-10-proficient and IL-10-deficient B cells to μMT mice. RESULTS After HDM-sensitization, both wild-type and μMT mice developed AHR, but the AHR was significantly stronger in μMT mice, as confirmed by 2 independent techniques: invasive lung function measurement in vivo and examination of precision-cut lung slices ex vivo. Moreover, airway remodeling was significantly increased in allergic μMT mice, as shown by enhanced collagen deposition in the airways, whereas the numbers of FoxP3+ and FoxP3- IL-10-secreting regulatory T cells were reduced. Adoptive transfer of IL-10-proficient but not IL-10-deficient B cells into μMT mice before HDM-sensitization attenuated AHR and lung remodeling. In contrast, FoxP3+ regulatory T cells were equally upregulated by transfer of IL-10-proficient and IL-10-deficient B cells. CONCLUSION Our data in a murine asthma model illustrate a central role of regulatory B cells in the control of lung function and airway remodeling and may support future concepts for B-cell-targeted prevention and treatment strategies for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Habener
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Happle
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruth Grychtol
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jelena Skuljec
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Medicine Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mandy Busse
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kathleen Dalüge
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Helena Obernolte
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katherina Sewald
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Armin Braun
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Almut Meyer-Bahlburg
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gesine Hansen
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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10
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Kim HW, Ju DB, Kye YC, Ju YJ, Kim CG, Lee IK, Park SM, Choi IS, Cho KK, Lee SH, Kim SC, Jung ID, Han SH, Yun CH. Galectin-9 Induced by Dietary Probiotic Mixture Regulates Immune Balance to Reduce Atopic Dermatitis Symptoms in Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3063. [PMID: 32038618 PMCID: PMC6987441 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics can be an effective treatment for atopic dermatitis (AD), while their mechanism of action is still unclear. Here, we induced AD in mice with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene and administrated YK4, a probiotic mixture consisting of Lactobacillus acidophilus CBT LA1, L. plantarum CBT LP3, Bifidobacterium breve CBT BR3, and B. lactis CBT BL3. Then, we have validated the underlying mechanism for the alleviation of AD by YK4 from the intestinal and systematic immunological perspectives. Administration of YK4 in AD mice alleviated the symptoms of AD by suppressing the expression of skin thymic stromal lymphopoietin and serum immunoglobulin E eliciting excessive T-helper (Th) 2 cell-mediated responses. YK4 inhibited Th2 cell population through induce the proportion of Th1 cells in spleen and Treg cells in Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph node (mLN). CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs) in mLN and the spleen were significantly increased in AD mice administered with YK4 when compared to AD mice. Furthermore, galectin-9 was significantly increased in the gut of AD mice administered with YK4. In vitro experiments were performed using bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDC) and CD4+ T cells to confirm the immune mechanisms of YK4 and galectin-9. The expression of CD44, a receptor of galectin-9, together with programmed death-ligand 1 was significantly upregulated in BMDCs following treatment with YK4. IL-10 and IL-12 were upregulated when BMDCs were treated with YK4. Cytokines together with co-receptors from DCs play a major role in the differentiation and activation of CD4+ T cells. Proliferation of Tregs and Th1 cell activation were enhanced when CD4+T cells were co-cultured with YK4-treated BMDCs. Galectin-9 appeared to contribute at least partially to the proliferation of Tregs. The results further suggested that DCs treated with YK4 induced the differentiation of naïve T cells toward Th1 and Tregs. At the same time, YK4 alleviated AD symptoms by inhibiting Th2 response. Thus, the present study suggested a potential role of YK4 as an effective immunomodulatory agent in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wool Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do Bin Ju
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Chul Kye
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Jun Ju
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheol Gyun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Kyu Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Moo Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Soon Choi
- Department of Biological Science, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Kwang Keun Cho
- Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Seung Ho Lee
- Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sung Chan Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - In Duk Jung
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Dental Research Institute and Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Green Bio Science Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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11
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IL-10 producing B cells rescue mouse fetuses from inflammation-driven fetal death and are able to modulate T cell immune responses. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9335. [PMID: 31249364 PMCID: PMC6597542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45860-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms leading to fetal death following maternal subclinical infections is crucial to develop new therapeutic strategies. Here we addressed the relevance of IL-10 secreting B cells (B10) in the maintenance of the immune balance during gestation. µMT females lacking mature B cells presented normal pregnancies, although their fetuses were smaller and their Treg pool did not expand as in B cell sufficient controls. Pregnant µMT females were more susceptible to LPS despite having less Treg; their fetuses died at doses compatible with pregnancy in WT animals. Adoptive transfer of IL-10 negative B effector cells or B cells from IL-10 deficient mice did not modify this outcome. The transfer of B10 cells or application of recombinant murine IL-10 reduced the fetal loss, associated with a normalization of Treg numbers and cytokine modulation at the feto-maternal interface. B cell-derived IL-10 suppressed the production of IL-17A and IL-6 by T cells and promoted the conversion of naïve cells into Treg. B10 cells are required to restore the immune balance at the feto-maternal interface when perturbed by inflammatory signals. Our data position B cells in a central role in the maintenance of the balance between immunity and tolerance during pregnancy.
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12
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Salazar A, Casanova-Méndez I, Pacheco-Quito M, Velázquez-Soto H, Ayala-Balboa J, Graue-Hernández EO, Serafín-López J, Jiménez-Martínez MC. Low Expression of IL-10 in Circulating Bregs and Inverted IL-10/TNF-α Ratio in Tears of Patients with Perennial Allergic Conjunctivitis: A Preliminary Study. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051035. [PMID: 30818819 PMCID: PMC6429471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) is one of the most common ophthalmological disorders seen in clinical practice. Growing evidence from recent years suggests that a subset of IL-10-expressing B cells is involved in inflammatory allergic diseases. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential involvement of blood Bregs cells in perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC), and interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, were measured in tear samples and compared with healthy controls (HC) using flow cytometry. Non-significant differences in CD19+IL-10+ cell frequency between PAC patients and healthy controls (HC) were observed. Nevertheless, when we analyzed the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of IL-10 on CD19+CD38Lo/Med/Hi-gated cells, we observed a significant decrease in MFI in all Bregs subsets in PAC patients. Additionally, tear cytokines showed 2.8 times lower levels of IL-10 than TNF-α in PAC patients when compared to HC. Our findings demonstrate an immunological dysregulation in patients with allergic conjunctivitis, characterized by the low expression of IL-10 in circulating CD19+CD38+ Bregs subsets and an inverted tear IL-10/TNF-α ratio, promoting a local pro-inflammatory microenvironment. These findings highlight the novel pathologic changes involved in ocular allergic diseases. Understanding systemic and local mechanisms will aid the design of immunomodulating therapeutics at different levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Salazar
- Departamento de Inmunología, ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
- Department of Immunology and Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana Foundation", 06800 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Israel Casanova-Méndez
- Department of Immunology and Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana Foundation", 06800 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Michele Pacheco-Quito
- Cornea and Refractive Surgery Department, Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana Foundation", 06800 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Henry Velázquez-Soto
- Department of Immunology and Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana Foundation", 06800 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Julio Ayala-Balboa
- Department of Immunology and Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana Foundation", 06800 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Enrique O Graue-Hernández
- Cornea and Refractive Surgery Department, Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana Foundation", 06800 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Jeanet Serafín-López
- Departamento de Inmunología, ENCB, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - María C Jiménez-Martínez
- Department of Immunology and Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology "Conde de Valenciana Foundation", 06800 Mexico City, Mexico.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico. P.O. Box 70159, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.
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13
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Feng BS, Wu YJ, Zeng XH, Yu D, Liu ZQ, Zhou CJ, Liu ZG, Zheng PY, Yang PC. Bcl2L12 mediates effects of protease-activated receptor-2 on the pathogenesis of Th2-dominated responses of patients with ulcerative colitis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 657:8-14. [PMID: 30217509 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The immune dysregulation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). Bcl2 like protein-12 (Bcl2L12) and mast cells are involved in immune dysregulation of UC. This study aims to elucidate the role of Bcl2L12 in the contribution to the pathogenesis of T helper (Th)2-biased inflammation in UC patients. The results showed that Bcl2L12 was expressed by peripheral CD4+ T cells that was associated with Th2 polarization in UC patients. Bcl2L12 mediated the protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2)-induced IL-4 expression in CD4+ cells. Activation of PAR2 increased expression of Bcl2L12 in CD4+ T cells. Bcl2L12 mRNA decayed spontaneously in CD4+ T cells after separated from UC patients which was prevented by activating PAR2. Bcl2L12 mediated the binding between GATA3 and the Il4 promoter in CD4+ T cells. Mice with Bcl2L12 deficiency failed to induce Th2-biased inflammation in the colon mucosa. We conclude that CD4+ T cells from UC patients expressed high levels of Bcl2L12; the latter plays an important role in the development of Th2-biased inflammation in the intestine. Bcl2L12 may be a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of Th2-biased inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Sui Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong-Jin Wu
- The Affiliated ENT Hospital and Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xian-Hai Zeng
- The Affiliated ENT Hospital and Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dian Yu
- The Affiliated ENT Hospital and Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- The Affiliated ENT Hospital and Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cai-Jie Zhou
- Longgang Chinese Traditional Medical Hospital and Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- The Affiliated ENT Hospital and Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng-Yuan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Ping-Chang Yang
- The Affiliated ENT Hospital and Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
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14
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Hajavi J, Esmaeili SA, Varasteh AR, Vazini H, Atabati H, Mardani F, Momtazi-Borojeni AA, Hashemi M, Sankian M, Sahebkar A. The immunomodulatory role of probiotics in allergy therapy. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2386-2398. [PMID: 30192002 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The increased incidence of allergic disorders may be the result of a relative fall in microbial induction in the intestinal immune system during infancy and early childhood. Probiotics have recently been proposed as viable microorganisms for the prevention and treatment of specific allergic diseases. Different mechanisms have been considered for this probiotic property, such as generation of cytokines from activated pro-T-helper type 1 after bacterial contact. However, the effects of its immunomodulatory potential require validation for clinical applications. This review will focus on the currently available data on the benefits of probiotics in allergy disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Hajavi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, BuAli Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abdol-Reza Varasteh
- Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Vazini
- Nursing Department, Basic Sciences Faculty, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Hadi Atabati
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mardani
- Immunology Research Center, BuAli Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir A Momtazi-Borojeni
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Hashemi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Sankian
- Immunology Research Center, BuAli Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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15
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Jin Y, Zhang C, Wang H, Zhou G, Wang X, Zhang R, Chen S, Ren J, Chen L, Dang D, Zhang P, Xi Y, Wu W, Zhang W, Duan G. Mast cells contribute to Enterovirus 71 infection-induced pulmonary edema in neonatal mice. J Transl Med 2018; 98:1039-1051. [PMID: 29765110 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0075-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus (EV) 71 infection has been widely acknowledged as the leading cause of severe hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), which may rapidly lead to fatal pulmonary edema. In this study, we established a mouse model for EV71 infection exhibiting high incidence of severe symptoms with pulmonary edema. Mast cells (MCs) accumulation, activation and allergic inflammation were found in the brains, lungs and skeletal muscle of mice after EV71 infection, especially in the lungs of mice. Levels of histamine, platelet-activating factor (PAF), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO), endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor (EG-VEGF) and noradrenaline (NA) were increased in EV71-infected lungs. In addition, EV71 infection reduced the number of pulmonary T cells, dendritic cells (DCs) and monocytes, and increased the number of lung eosinophils, Tregs and MCs. MCs number and tryptase expression in target organs or tissues posed a trend towards an increase from control to severe mice. There were positive correlations between MCs number in the brains (r = 0.701, P = 0.003), lungs (r = 0.802, P < 0.0001), skeletal muscles (r = 0.737, P = 0.001) and mean clinical score. Thus, our results suggested that MCs contributed to the pulmonary edema during EV71 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefei Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China.,Research Center for Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyuan Zhou
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangpeng Wang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China.,Research Center for Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongguang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.,Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaiyin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingchao Ren
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dejian Dang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanlin Xi
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Wu
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China.,School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Guangcai Duan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Liu L, Wang LP, He S, Ma Y. Immune Homeostasis: Effects of Chinese Herbal Formulae and Herb-Derived Compounds on Allergic Asthma in Different Experimental Models. Chin J Integr Med 2018; 24:390-398. [PMID: 29752613 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-018-2836-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is thought to arise from an imbalance of immune regulation, which is characterized by the production of large quantities of IgE antibodies by B cells and a decrease of the interferon-γ/interleukin-4 (Th1/Th2) ratio. Certain immunomodulatory components and Chinese herbal formulae have been used in traditional herbal medicine for thousands of years. However, there are few studies performing evidence-based Chinese medicine (CM) research on the mechanisms and effificacy of these drugs in allergic asthma. This review aims to explore the roles of Chinese herbal formulae and herb-derived compounds in experimental research models of allergic asthma. We screened published modern CM research results on the experimental effects of Chinese herbal formulae and herb-derived bioactive compounds for allergic asthma and their possible underlying mechanisms in English language articles from the PubMed and the Google Scholar databases with the keywords allergic asthma, experimental model and Chinese herbal medicine. We found 22 Chinese herb species and 31 herb-derived anti-asthmatic compounds as well as 12 Chinese herbal formulae which showed a reduction of airway hyperresponsiveness, allergen-specifific immunoglobulin E, inflflammatory cell infifiltration and a regulation of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo, respectively. Chinese herbal formulae and herbderived bioactive compounds exhibit immunomodulatory, anti-inflflammatory and anti-asthma activities in different experimental models and their various mechanisms of action are being investigated in modern CM research with genomics, proteomics and metabolomics technologies, which will lead to a new era in the development of new drug discovery for allergic asthma in CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China.,University Course of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lin-Peng Wang
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Shan He
- Molecular Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine Group, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yan Ma
- University Course of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria. .,Molecular Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine Group, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
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17
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Cohen RI, Ye X, Ramdeo R, Liu SF. The number and function of T regulatory cells in obese atopic female asthmatics. J Asthma 2018; 56:303-310. [PMID: 29641274 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2018.1452935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanisms underlying the association between asthma and obesity remain poorly understood. Obesity appears to be a risk factor for asthma, and obese asthmatics fare poorly compared to lean asthmatics. OBJECTIVES To explore the possibility that reduced regulatory T cell (Treg) number and function contribute to the obesity-asthma association. We concentrated on obese females with childhood-onset asthma, since Treg may be involved in this phenotype. METHODS We recruited 64 women (ages 18-50) into four groups: lean (BMI 18-25 kg/m2) controls (n = 17) and asthmatics (n = 13), and obese (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2) controls (n = 17) and asthmatics (n = 17). Asthmatics had atopy and childhood-diagnosed asthma. We assessed lung function, asthma control and quality of life. Peripheral blood CD4+/CD25+/FoxP3+ Treg cells were identified and counted by flow cytometry and expressed as % total CD4+ T cells. We assessed Treg cell function by the ability of CD4+/CD25+ Treg cells to suppress autologous CD4+/CD25- responder T cell (Tresp) proliferation and measured as % suppression of Tresp cell proliferation. RESULTS Obese asthmatics had worse lung function, asthma control, and quality of life compared to lean asthmatics. Compared to lean or obese control groups, the number of Treg cells in the obese asthmatics was approximately 1.58- or 1.73-fold higher. The ability of Treg cells from obese-asthmatics to suppress Tresp cell proliferation was reduced. CONCLUSIONS Obese, atopic women with childhood diagnosed asthma demonstrate increased Treg cell number and mildly decreased Treg cell function. Our data do not support the view that reduced Treg cell number contributes to this obese-asthma phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubin I Cohen
- a Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine , Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine , New Hyde Park , NY , USA
| | - Xiobing Ye
- a Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine , Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine , New Hyde Park , NY , USA.,b Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Northwell Health , Manhasset , NY , USA
| | - Ramona Ramdeo
- a Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine , Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine , New Hyde Park , NY , USA
| | - Shu Fang Liu
- a Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine , Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine , New Hyde Park , NY , USA.,b Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Northwell Health , Manhasset , NY , USA
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18
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Effect of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris YRC3780 on birch pollinosis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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19
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Kawayama T, Kinoshita T, Matsunaga K, Naito Y, Sasaki J, Tominaga Y, Hoshino T. Role of Regulatory T cells in Airway Inflammation in Asthma. Kurume Med J 2018; 64:45-55. [PMID: 29553094 DOI: 10.2739/kurumemedj.ms6430001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is an allergic disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), reversibility and remodeling. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are effective in many patients with asthma. However, ICS are a controlling, but not but curative treatment, and there are still many patients with refractory and difficult-to-treat asthma. The evaluation of airway inflammation by induced sputum, non-specific AHR by methacholine, and asthmatic reactions by specific allergen challenge techniques are useful not only to investigate the pathogenesis of asthma but also to help develop new drugs for asthma management. Interactions between inflammation and regulation, such as between regulatory T cells (Tregs), and AHR were investigated using these techniques. The phenotypes are Tregs characterized by expression of the forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), which are potent mediators of dominant self-tolerance. Foxp3 and CTLA4 interact with each other. In patients with mild asthma, airway Tregs were decreased and airway eosinophilic inflammation was activated with accelerated AHR. Human asthmatic attack models by allergen challenge demonstrated that airway Tregs were decreased from the baseline with late asthmatic response (LAR) in patients with dual-responder asthma, and there was a significant correlation between change in airway Tregs and LAR. Airway Tregs were increased with escalation of interleukin-10 by ICS. The investigation of Tregs may lead to new strategies for management of asthma and other allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Kawayama
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Takashi Kinoshita
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Kazuko Matsunaga
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukuoka Sanno Hospital
| | - Yoshiko Naito
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Jun Sasaki
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Yoshikazu Tominaga
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Asakura Medical Association Hospital
| | - Tomoaki Hoshino
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
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20
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Baek J, Roh J, Jung Y. Oral tolerance inhibits atopic dermatitis-like type 2 inflammation in mice by modulating immune microenvironments. Allergy 2017; 72:397-406. [PMID: 27325577 DOI: 10.1111/all.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral tolerance is immune unresponsiveness induced by oral administration of innocuous antigens. Oral administration of allergens has been shown to be effective for suppressing IgE production in allergic responses. However, whether oral tolerance has a role in protection from allergic skin inflammation has not been fully investigated. Here, we evaluated the potential protective role of oral tolerance in a murine model of atopic dermatitis (AD) and investigated the underlying immunologic mechanisms. METHODS Mice were fed with ovalbumin (OVA) in drinking water then epicutaneously sensitized by repeated application of OVA to tape-stripped skin. Skin biopsies were analyzed for immunohistopathologic features. Levels of antibodies in sera and intestinal washes were measured by ELISA. Flow cytometry and real-time PCR analysis of the skin and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) were performed to investigate the immunologic effects of oral tolerance in epicutaneous (EC) sensitization-induced allergic responses. RESULTS Induction of oral tolerance effectively inhibited inflammatory responses provoked by EC sensitization. Tolerogenic immune mediators were significantly increased in the skin and MLN of EC-sensitized mice following induction of oral tolerance. A marked increase in Il5 and Il13 expression and infiltration of eosinophils and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) in the skin of EC-sensitized mice were significantly inhibited by oral tolerance. CONCLUSIONS Oral tolerance plays a protective role in the development of AD in a murine model by modulating immune microenvironments to be more favorable for immune regulation. This modulation involves inhibition of ILC2 infiltration in skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.O. Baek
- Department of Dermatology; Gachon University Gil Medical Center; Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - J.Y. Roh
- Department of Dermatology; Gachon University Gil Medical Center; Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Y. Jung
- Department of Microbiology; School of Medicine; Gachon University; Incheon Republic of Korea
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21
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Habener A, Behrendt AK, Skuljec J, Jirmo AC, Meyer-Bahlburg A, Hansen G. B cell subsets are modulated during allergic airway inflammation but are not required for the development of respiratory tolerance in a murine model. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:552-562. [PMID: 27995616 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a widespread chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. The role of different B cell subsets in developing asthma and respiratory tolerance is not well known. Especially regulatory B (Breg) cells are proposed to be important in asthma regulation. Using wild-type (WT) and B cell-deficient (μMT) mice we investigated how B cells are affected by induction of allergic airway inflammation and respiratory tolerance and whether they are necessary to develop these conditions. WT mice with an asthma-like phenotype, characterized by increased airway hyper reactivity, eosinophilic airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion and elevated Th2 cytokines, exhibited increased MHCII and CD23 expression on follicular mature B cells in lung, bronchial lymph nodes (bLN) and spleen, which contributed to allergen-specific T cell proliferation in vitro. Germinal center B cell numbers were elevated and associated with increased production of allergen-specific immunoglobulins especially in bLN. In contrast, respiratory tolerance clearly attenuated these B cell alterations and directly enhanced marginal zone precursor B cells, which induced regulatory T cells in vitro. However, μMT mice developed asthma-like and tolerized phenotypes like WT mice. Our data indicate that although B cell subsets are affected by asthma-like and respiratory tolerant phenotypes, B cells are not required for tolerance induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Habener
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
| | - Ann-Kathrin Behrendt
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Paediatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jelena Skuljec
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
| | - Adan Chari Jirmo
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
| | - Almut Meyer-Bahlburg
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL).,Department of Paediatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gesine Hansen
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
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22
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Martín-Orozco E, Norte-Muñoz M, Martínez-García J. Regulatory T Cells in Allergy and Asthma. Front Pediatr 2017; 5:117. [PMID: 28589115 PMCID: PMC5440567 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system's correct functioning requires a sophisticated balance between responses to continuous microbial challenges and tolerance to harmless antigens, such as self-antigens, food antigens, commensal microbes, allergens, etc. When this equilibrium is altered, it can lead to inflammatory pathologies, tumor growth, autoimmune disorders, and allergy/asthma. The objective of this review is to show the existing data on the importance of regulatory T cells (Tregs) on this balance and to underline how intrauterine and postnatal environmental exposures influence the maturation of the immune system in humans. Genetic and environmental factors during embryo development and/or early life will result in a proper or, conversely, inadequate immune maturation with either beneficial or deleterious effects on health. We have focused herein on Tregs as a reflection of the maturity of the immune system. We explain the types, origins, and the mechanisms of action of these cells, discussing their role in allergy and asthma predisposition. Understanding the importance of Tregs in counteracting dysregulated immunity would provide approaches to diminish asthma and other related diseases in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Martín-Orozco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, School of Medicine, Murcia Biohealth Research Institute-University of Murcia (IMIB-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain
| | - María Norte-Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, School of Medicine, Murcia Biohealth Research Institute-University of Murcia (IMIB-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-García
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, School of Medicine, Murcia Biohealth Research Institute-University of Murcia (IMIB-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, Spain
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23
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Baatjes AJ, Smith SG, Dua B, Watson R, Gauvreau GM, O'Byrne PM. Treatment with anti-OX40L or anti-TSLP does not alter the frequency of T regulatory cells in allergic asthmatics. Allergy 2015. [PMID: 26213896 DOI: 10.1111/all.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OX40-OX40L interactions and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) are important in the induction and maintenance of Th2 responses in allergic disease, whereas T regulatory cells (Treg) have been shown to suppress pro-inflammatory Th2 responses. Both OX40L and TSLP have been implicated in the negative regulation of Treg. The effect of anti-asthma therapies on Treg is not well known. Our aim was to assess the effects of two monoclonal antibody therapies (anti-OX40L and anti-TSLP) on Treg frequency using a human model of allergic asthma. We hypothesized that the anti-inflammatory effects of these therapies would result in an increase in circulating Treg (CD4(+) CD25(+) CD127(low) Foxp3(+) cells) frequency. We measured Treg using flow cytometry, and our results showed that neither allergen challenge nor monoclonal antibody therapy altered circulating Treg frequency. These data highlight the need for assessment of airway Treg and for a more complete understanding of Treg biology so as to develop pharmacologics/biologics that modulate Treg for asthma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Baatjes
- Department of Medicine; Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - S. G. Smith
- Department of Medicine; Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - B. Dua
- Department of Medicine; Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - R. Watson
- Department of Medicine; Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - G. M. Gauvreau
- Department of Medicine; Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
| | - P. M. O'Byrne
- Department of Medicine; Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
- Firestone Institute of Respiratory Health; Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
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24
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Kong YM, Brown NK, Morris GP, Flynn JC. The Essential Role of Circulating Thyroglobulin in Maintaining Dominance of Natural Regulatory T Cell Function to Prevent Autoimmune Thyroiditis. Horm Metab Res 2015; 47:711-20. [PMID: 26158397 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1548872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Several key findings from the late 1960s to mid-1970s regarding thyroid hormone metabolism and circulating thyroglobulin composition converged with studies pertaining to the role of T lymphocytes in autoimmune thyroiditis. These studies cemented the foundation for subsequent investigations into the existence and antigenic specificity of thymus-derived natural regulatory T cells (nTregs). These nTregs prevented the development of autoimmune thyroiditis, despite the ever-present genetic predisposition, autoantigen (thyroglobulin), and thyroglobulin-reactive T cells. Guided by the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis as a fixed set-point regulator in thyroid hormone metabolism, we used a murine model and compared at key junctures the capacity of circulating thyroglobulin level (raised by thyroid-stimulating hormone or exogenous thyroglobulin administration) to strengthen self-tolerance and resist autoimmune thyroiditis. The findings clearly demonstrated an essential role for raised circulating thyroglobulin levels in maintaining the dominance of nTreg function and inhibiting thyroid autoimmunity. Subsequent identification of thyroglobulin-specific nTregs as CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) in the early 2000s enabled the examination of probable mechanisms of nTreg function. We observed that whenever nTreg function was perturbed by immunotherapeutic measures, opportunistic autoimmune disorders invariably surfaced. This review highlights the step-wise progression of applying insights from endocrinologic and immunologic studies to advance our understanding of the clonal balance between natural regulatory and autoreactive T cells. Moreover, we focus on how tilting the balance in favor of maintaining peripheral tolerance could be achieved. Thus, murine autoimmune thyroiditis has served as a unique model capable of closely simulating natural physiologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Kong
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, USA
| | - N K Brown
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - G P Morris
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - J C Flynn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Providence Hospital and Medical Centers, Southfield, USA
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25
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Thiele K, Solano ME, Huber S, Flavell RA, Kessler T, Barikbin R, Jung R, Karimi K, Tiegs G, Arck PC. Prenatal acetaminophen affects maternal immune and endocrine adaptation to pregnancy, induces placental damage, and impairs fetal development in mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:2805-18. [PMID: 26254283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP; ie, Paracetamol or Tylenol) is generally self-medicated to treat fever or pain and recommended to pregnant women by their physicians. Recent epidemiological studies reveal an association between prenatal APAP use and an increased risk for asthma. Our aim was to identify the effects of APAP in pregnancy using a mouse model. Allogeneically mated C57Bl/6J females were injected i.p. with 50 or 250 mg/kg APAP or phosphate-buffered saline on gestation day 12.5; nonpregnant females served as controls. Tissue samples were obtained 1 or 4 days after injection. APAP-induced liver toxicity was mirrored by significantly increased plasma alanine aminotransferase levels. In uterus-draining lymph nodes of pregnant dams, the frequencies of mature dendritic cells and regulatory T cells significantly increased on 250 mg/kg APAP. Plasma progesterone levels significantly decreased in dams injected with APAP, accompanied by a morphologically altered placenta. Although overall litter sizes and number of fetal loss remained unaltered, a reduced fetal weight and a lower frequency of hematopoietic stem cells in the fetal liver were observed on APAP treatment. Our data provide strong evidence that prenatal APAP interferes with maternal immune and endocrine adaptation to pregnancy, affects placental function, and impairs fetal maturation and immune development. The latter may have long-lasting consequences on children's immunity and account for the increased risk for asthma observed in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Thiele
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - M Emilia Solano
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- I. Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Timo Kessler
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roja Barikbin
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roman Jung
- Center for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Chemistry/Central Laboratories, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gisa Tiegs
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra C Arck
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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26
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Multifaceted role of the ubiquitin ligase Itch in immune regulation. Immunol Cell Biol 2015; 93:452-60. [DOI: 10.1038/icb.2014.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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27
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Luo Y, Wang M, Pang Z, Jiang F, Chen J, Zhang J. Locally instilled tumor necrosis factor α antisense oligonucleotide contributes to inhibition of TH 2-driven pulmonary fibrosis via induced CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. J Gene Med 2014; 15:441-52. [PMID: 24339053 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-tumor necrosis factor α therapeutics has the potential to alleviate pulmonary fibrosis. However, the systemic administration of anti-tumor necrosis factor α agents has brought about contradictory results and frequent adverse effects, such as infections, immunogenicity and malignancies, amongst others. In the present study, we attempted the local administration of tumor necrosis factor α antisense oligonucleotide and evaluated the treatment effects on pulmonary fibrosis in a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model. METHODS Flow cytometry for regulatory T cells, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for crucial gene expression, western blotting for crucial protein products, immunofluorescent analysis for T(H)2 cells and myofibroblasts, as well as histology analysis for pathological examination, were used. RESULTS By local administration of tumor necrosis factor α antisense oligonucleotide, we investigated whether tumor necrosis factor α expression in epithelial cells was significantly inhibited and extracellular matrix overexpression was dramatically reduced. These treatment effects were associated with induced regulatory T cells, reduced T(H)2 cells and generally decreased T(H)2-type cytokine expression. Systemic immunosuppression was not triggered by local antisense oligonucleotide administration because the proportion of regulatory T cells in the blood, thymus or spleen was not affected. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that local administration of tumor necrosis factor α antisense oligonucleotide contributes to anti-fibrotic action via a sustained up-regulated level of regulatory T cells, which inhibits T(H)2-biased responses, pro-fibrotic mediator production and extracellular matrix deposition, with no systemic immunosupression associated with systemically induced regulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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28
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Kong YCM, Flynn JC. Opportunistic Autoimmune Disorders Potentiated by Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors Anti-CTLA-4 and Anti-PD-1. Front Immunol 2014; 5:206. [PMID: 24904570 PMCID: PMC4032988 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the efficacy of immunotherapy for cancer and autoimmune diseases, recent ongoing and completed clinical trials have focused on specific targets to redirect the immune network toward eradicating a variety of tumors and ameliorating the self-destructive process. In a previous review, both systemic immunomodulators and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), anti-CTLA-4, and anti-CD52, were discussed regarding therapeutics and autoimmune sequelae, as well as predisposing factors known to exacerbate immune-related adverse events (irAEs). This review will focus on immune-checkpoint inhibitors, and the data from most clinical trials involve blockade with anti-CTLA-4 such as ipilimumab. However, despite the mild to severe irAEs observed with ipilimumab in ~60% of patients, overall survival (OS) averaged ~22-25% at 3-5 years. To boost OS, other mAbs targeting programed death-1 and its ligand are undergoing clinical trials as monotherapy or dual therapy with anti-CTLA-4. Therapeutic combinations may generate different spectrum of opportunistic autoimmune disorders. To simulate clinical scenarios, we have applied regulatory T cell perturbation to murine models combined to examine the balance between thyroid autoimmunity and tumor-specific immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chi M Kong
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, MI , USA
| | - Jeffrey C Flynn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Providence Hospital and Medical Centers , Southfield, MI , USA
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29
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Huang X, Tang L, Wang F, Song G. Astragaloside IV attenuates allergic inflammation by regulation Th1/Th2 cytokine and enhancement CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3 T cells in ovalbumin-induced asthma. Immunobiology 2014; 219:565-71. [PMID: 24731407 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Astragaloside IV is the chief ingredient of Radix Astragali, which has been used in the Traditional Chinese Medicine as a major component of many polyherbal formulations for the repair and regeneration of injured organ and tissues. We tested the anti-asthmatic effects of AST IV and the possible mechanisms. BALB/c mice that were sensitized and challenged to ovalbumin (OVA) were treated with AST IV (40mg/kg and 20mg/kg) 1h before they were challenged with OVA. Our study demonstrated that AST IV inhibited OVA-induced increases in eosinophil count; interleukin (IL)-4 level were recovered in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid increased IFN-γ and IL-10 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Histological studies demonstrated that AST IV substantially inhibited OVA-induced eosinophilia in lung tissue. Flow cytometry studies demonstrated that AST IV substantially increased CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3 T cells (Treg). Furthermore quantitative real-time (qPCR) studies demonstrated that AST IV substantially enhanced Foxp3 mRNA expression in lung tissue. These findings suggest that AST IV may effectively ameliorate the progression of airway inflammation and could be used as a therapy for patients with allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Long Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Fan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Guoqiang Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China.
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30
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Chen X, Oppenheim JJ. Th17 cells and Tregs: unlikely allies. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 95:723-731. [PMID: 24563509 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1213633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs and Th17 modified the historical Th1-Th2 paradigm. Currently, the Th17-Tregs dichotomy provides a dominant conceptual framework for the comprehension of immunity/inflammation and tolerance/immunosuppression in an increasing number of diseases. Targeting proinflammatory Th17 cells or immunosuppressive Tregs has been widely considered as a promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of major human diseases, including autoimmunity and cancer. The efficacy and safety of such therapy rely on a thorough understanding of immunobiology and interaction of these two subsets of Th cells. In this article, we review recent progress concerning complicated interplay of Th17 cells and Tregs There is compelling evidence that Tregs potently inhibit Th1 and Th2 responses; however, the inhibitory effect of Tregs on Th17 responses is a controversial subject. There is increasing evidence showing that Tregs actually promote the differentiation of Th17 cells in vitro and in vivo and consequently, enhanced the functional consequences of Th17 cells, including the protective effect in host defense, as well as detrimental effect in inflammation and in the support of tumor growth. On the other hand, Th17 cells were also the most potent Th subset in the stimulation and support of expansion and phenotypic stability of Tregs in vivo. These results indicate that these two subsets of Th cells reciprocally stimulate each other. This bidirectional crosstalk is largely dependent on the TNF-TNFR2 pathway. These mutual stimulatory effects should be considered in devising future Th17 cell- and Treg-targeting therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA; and .,Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Joost J Oppenheim
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Cancer Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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31
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Zhang L, Gao H, Yang T, Yang B, Jiang X, Wang L, Wang Q, Luo Z, Liu E, Fu Z. Infant 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine immunization alters young adulthood CD4(+)T cell subsets in allergic airway disease mouse model. Vaccine 2014; 32:2079-85. [PMID: 24560673 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
7-Valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) immunization in adulthood can inhibit allergic asthma in mouse model. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of infant PCV7 immunization on young adulthood CD4(+)T cell subsets in a murine allergic airway disease (AAD) model. Our study indicated that infant PCV7 immunization can inhibit young adulthood airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) by inducing the production of Foxp3(+)Treg, Th1 cells and their cytokines IL-10 and IFN-γ, inhibiting the production of Th2, Th17 cells and their cytokines IL-13 and IL-17A in BALB/c mice model. These results suggested that infant PCV7 immunization may serve as an effective measure to prevent young adulthood mice AAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Zhang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China; Ultrasound division, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Baohui Yang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Jiang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Lijia Wang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghong Wang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China; The Central Laboratory of Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengxiu Luo
- Department of Respiratory, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Enmei Liu
- Department of Respiratory, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhou Fu
- Department of Respiratory, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Zhou Q, Hu Y, Howard OZ, Oppenheim JJ, Chen X. In vitro generated Th17 cells support the expansion and phenotypic stability of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells in vivo. Cytokine 2014; 65:56-64. [PMID: 24080164 PMCID: PMC3842389 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CD4(+) T cells stimulate immune responses through distinct patterns of cytokine produced by Th1, Th2 or Th17 cells, or inhibit immune responses through Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells (Tregs). Paradoxically, effector T cells were recently shown to activate Tregs, however, it remains unclear which Th subset is responsible for this effect. In this study, we found that Th17 cells expressed the highest levels of TNF among in vitro generated Th subsets, and most potently promoted expansion and stabilized Foxp3 expression by Tregs when co-transferred into Rag1(-/-) mice. Both TNF and IL-2 produced by Th17 cells contributed to this effect. The stimulatory effect of Th17 cells on Tregs was largely abolished when co-transferred with TNFR2-deficient Tregs. Furthermore, Tregs deficient in TNFR2 also supported a much lower production of IL-17A and TNF expression by co-transferred Th17 cells. Thus, our data indicate that the TNF-TNFR2 pathway plays a crucial role in the reciprocal stimulatory effect of Th17 cells and Tregs. This bidirectional interaction should be taken into account when designing therapy targeting Th17 cells, Tregs, TNF and TNFR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation; Cancer Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI
| | - Ya Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation; Cancer Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI
| | - O.M. Zack Howard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation; Cancer Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI
| | - Joost J. Oppenheim
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation; Cancer Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI
| | - Xin Chen
- Basic Science Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
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Ma L, Xue HB, Guan XH, Shu CM, Wang F, Zhang JH, An RZ. The Imbalance of Th17 cells and CD4(+) CD25(high) Foxp3(+) Treg cells in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2013; 28:1079-86. [PMID: 24304358 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Th17/Treg imbalance is involved in several autoimmune, inflammatory and allergic reactions. Nevertheless, the possible contribution of Th17/Treg imbalance in atopic dermatitis (AD) remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To explore the possible role of Th17/Treg imbalance in AD. METHODS Th17 and Treg cells percentage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and skin specimens, specific transcription factor retinoic acid-related orphan receptor (ROR)γt and Foxp3 mRNA levels in PBMCs, as well as Th17- and Treg-related cytokines mRNA levels in PBMCs, serum concentrations, and expression levels in PBMCs culture supernatant after recombinant Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus antigen stimulation were detected in AD patients. Controls included patients with psoriasis, allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and healthy donors. RESULTS Th17 cells percentage, RORγt, IL-17 and IL-23 levels in peripheral circulation of AD patients were significantly higher than those in ACD patients and healthy controls, but lower than those of psoriasis patients. Treg cells percentage, Foxp3 and TGF-β mRNA levels were reduced in AD patients compared with healthy controls, while there were no significant differences among AD, ACD and psoriasis patients. Th17 cells percentage, IL-17 and IL-23 levels were increased, while Treg cells percentage and TGF-β level were decreased in AD lesion and PBMCs culture supernatant respectively. There was a negative association between Th17 and Treg cells percentage in AD patients. AD severity score positively correlated with Th17 cells percentage and Th17/Treg ratio, while negatively correlated with Treg cells percentage. Serum IgE levels positively correlated with Th17/Treg ratio. CONCLUSION In AD, there exists an immune imbalance in Th17 and Treg cells, which may contribute to its pathogenesis and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
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He SH, Zhang HY, Zeng XN, Chen D, Yang PC. Mast cells and basophils are essential for allergies: mechanisms of allergic inflammation and a proposed procedure for diagnosis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013; 34:1270-83. [PMID: 23974516 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The current definition of allergy is a group of IgE-mediated diseases. However, a large portion of patients with clinical manifestations of allergies do not exhibit elevated serum levels of IgE (sIgEs). In this article, three key factors, ie soluble allergens, sIgEs and mast cells or basophils, representing the causative factors, messengers and primary effector cells in allergic inflammation, respectively, were discussed. Based on current knowledge on allergic diseases, we propose that allergic diseases are a group of diseases mediated through activated mast cells and/or basophils in sensitive individuals, and allergic diseases include four subgroups: (1) IgE dependent; (2) other immunoglobulin dependent; (3) non-immunoglobulin mediated; (4) mixture of the first three subgroups. According to our proposed definition, pseudo-allergic-reactions, in which mast cell or basophil activation is not mediated via IgE, or to a lesser extent via IgG or IgM, should be non-IgE-mediated allergic diseases. Specific allergen challenge tests (SACTs) are gold standard tests for diagnosing allergies in vivo, but risky. The identification of surface membrane activation markers of mast cells and basophils (CD203c, CCR3, CD63, etc) has led to development of the basophil activation test (BAT), an in vitro specific allergen challenge test (SACT). Based on currently available laboratory allergy tests, we here propose a laboratory examination procedure for allergy.
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Fox M, Knapp LA, Andrews PW, Fincher CL. Hygiene and the world distribution of Alzheimer's disease: Epidemiological evidence for a relationship between microbial environment and age-adjusted disease burden. EVOLUTION MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 2013:173-86. [PMID: 24481197 PMCID: PMC3868447 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eot015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
People living in sanitized environments may be at greater Alzheimer's risk. We compare Alzheimer's rates in different countries in light of countries' historical and contemporary pathogen prevalence, sanitation, and urbanization. We find that countries that are less urbanized, with more pathogens and lower degree of sanitation have lower Alzheimer's rates. Background and objectives: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) shares certain etiological features with autoimmunity. Prevalence of autoimmunity varies between populations in accordance with variation in environmental microbial diversity. Exposure to microorganisms may improve individuals’ immunoregulation in ways that protect against autoimmunity, and we suggest that this may also be the case for AD. Here, we investigate whether differences in microbial diversity can explain patterns of age-adjusted AD rates between countries. Methodology: We use regression models to test whether pathogen prevalence, as a proxy for microbial diversity, across 192 countries can explain a significant amount of the variation in age-standardized AD disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) rates. We also review and assess the relationship between pathogen prevalence and AD rates in different world populations. Results: Based on our analyses, it appears that hygiene is positively associated with AD risk. Countries with greater degree of sanitation and lower degree of pathogen prevalence have higher age-adjusted AD DALY rates. Countries with greater degree of urbanization and wealth exhibit higher age-adjusted AD DALY rates. Conclusions and implications: Variation in hygiene may partly explain global patterns in AD rates. Microorganism exposure may be inversely related to AD risk. These results may help predict AD burden in developing countries where microbial diversity is rapidly diminishing. Epidemiological forecasting is important for preparing for future healthcare needs and research prioritization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Fox
- Division of Biological Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QY, UK, Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, 270 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada and Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, 58 Hillhead Street, Glasgow G12 8QB, UK
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Kawayama T, Matsunaga K, Kaku Y, Yamaguchi K, Kinoshita T, O'Byrne PM, Hoshino T. Decreased CTLA4(+) and Foxp3(+) CD25(high)CD4(+) cells in induced sputum from patients with mild atopic asthma. Allergol Int 2013; 62:203-13. [PMID: 23524650 DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.12-oa-0492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Details of the comparisons between airway and peripheral blood regulatory T cells (Tregs) in patients with atopic asthma are still unclear. The objective of this study is to investigate the profiles of both airway and circulating Tregs in atopic asthma. METHODS We measured the numbers of Tregs and eosinophils in induced sputum and peripheral blood in 28 patients with mild atopic asthma and compared these with numbers in 18 healthy controls. The frequency (%) of Tregs (surface CTLA4+, intracellular Foxp3+, and CTLA4+Foxp3+ on CD25highCD4+ T cells) in sputum and blood was determined by intracellular 5-color flow cytometry. We also correlated the numbers with the level of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in asthmatics. RESULTS The mean frequencies of cells expressing CTLA4+ (19.4 ± 2.1%, p = 0.075), Foxp3+ (16.4 ± 3.3%, p = 0.001), and CTLA4+Foxp3+ (7.0 ± 1.1%, p = 0.008) in induced sputum from asthmatics were significantly lower than controls (27.2 ± 3.7%, 37.4 ± 4.7%, and 18.2 ± 3.6%, respectively), whereas in peripheral blood, there was no inter-group difference in the frequencies of cells expressing CTLA4+ (7.1 ± 1.5% vs 5.7 ± 1.7%, p > 0.05), Foxp3+ (35.7 ± 3.2% vs 21.1 ± 3.9%, p > 0.05), and CTLA4+Foxp3+ (6.6 ± 1.5% vs 4.2 ± 1.0%, p > 0.05). Moreover, the frequency of CD25highCD4+ cells expressing CTLA4+, but not Foxp3+, in induced sputum was associated with AHR (r = 0.60, p = 0.009) and airway eosinophilic inflammation (r = -0.60, p = 0.008) in asthmatics. CONCLUSIONS Airway, but not circulating, Tregs are decreased in mild atopic asthmatics, and are negatively correlated to an increase of airway eosinophilic inflammation and AHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Kawayama
- Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan. −u.ac.jp
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Park BS, Hong GU, Ro JY. Foxp3(+)-Treg cells enhanced by repeated low-dose gamma-irradiation attenuate ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma in mice. Radiat Res 2013; 179:570-83. [PMID: 23560633 DOI: 10.1667/rr3082.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Gamma radiation is used for several therapeutic indications such as cancers and autoimmune diseases. Low-dose whole-body γ irradiation has been shown to activate immune responses in several ways, however, the effect and mechanism of irradiation on allergic asthma remains poorly understood. This study investigated whether or not irradiation exacerbates allergic asthma responses and its potential mechanism. C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) to induce asthma. The mice received whole-body irradiation once daily for 3 consecutive days with a dose of 0.667 Gy using (137)Cs γ rays 24 h before every OVA challenge. Repeated low-dose irradiation reduced OVA-specific IgE levels, the number of inflammatory cells including mast cells, goblet cell hyperplasia, collagen deposition, airway hyperresponsiveness, expression of inflammatory cytokines, CCL2/CCR2, as well as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 activities. All of these factors were increased in BAL cells and lung tissue of OVA-challenged mice. Irradiation increased the number of Treg cells, expression of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-2 and IL-35 in BAL cells and lung tissue. Irradiation also increased Treg cell-expressed Foxp3 and IL-10 by NF-κB and RUNX1 in OVA-challenged mice. Furthermore, while Treg cell-expressing OX40 and IL-10 were enhanced in lung tissue or act-bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) with Treg cells, but BMMCs-expressing OX40L and TGF-β were decreased. The data suggest that irradiation enhances Foxp3(+)- and IL-10-producing Treg cells, which reduce OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation and tissue remodeling through the down-regulation of migration by the CCL2/CCR2 axis and activation of mast cells via OX40/OX40L in lung tissue of OVA-challenged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum Soo Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
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Vélez-Ortega AC, Temprano J, Reneer MC, Ellis GI, McCool A, Gardner T, Khosravi M, Marti F. Enhanced generation of suppressor T cells in patients with asthma taking oral contraceptives. J Asthma 2013; 50:223-30. [PMID: 23259774 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2012.761231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. A dysregulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) could play a major role in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. Sex-dependent differences as well as the impact of hormonal changes in the incidence and severity of asthma are widely recognized. Emerging evidence suggests that asthma symptoms are alleviated in female patients taking hormone oral contraceptives (OCs). The impact of OCs on the generation of induced Tregs (iTregs) was assessed in a cohort of female patients with asthma. Methods. Thirteen patients were included in this pilot study. During three distinct phases of their menstrual cycles, we measured exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) levels, forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1s), asthma control test (ACT) score, sex steroid hormone levels in serum, natural Tregs in peripheral blood, and the ability of CD4(+) T cells to generate iTregs ex vivo. Results. The luteal serum levels of estradiol and progesterone negatively correlated with the proportion of iTregs generated ex vivo in patients not taking OCs. In addition, physiological doses of estradiol and progesterone prevented the acquisition of a suppressor T cell phenotype in vitro. Interestingly, patients taking OCs had reduced serum sex hormone levels associated with higher iTreg induction, a better ACT score, and a tendency toward lower eNO levels. Conclusions. Our results identify an impact of sex hormones on the capacity of T cells to polarize towards a regulatory phenotype and suggest the regulation of peripheral T cell lineage plasticity as a potential mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of OCs in women with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Catalina Vélez-Ortega
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Chandler Medical Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Maneechotesuwan K, Kasetsinsombat K, Wamanuttajinda V, Wongkajornsilp A, Barnes PJ. Statins enhance the effects of corticosteroids on the balance between regulatory T cells and Th17 cells. Clin Exp Allergy 2013; 43:212-22. [PMID: 23331562 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasticity of CD4(+) lymphocyte Th17/regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic airway inflammatory diseases, such as asthma. Reversal of Th17/Treg cell balance towards Treg cells may be beneficial for the suppression of chronic Th2 cell-mediated inflammatory diseases, such as asthma. However, the effect of the combination of corticosteroids and a statin on the ratio of Treg/Th17 cells is unknown. OBJECTIVE We investigated the in vitro effects of the combination of simvastatin and fluticasone propionate (FP) on the numbers of Treg and Th17 cells in asthmatic patients after co-incubation with monocyte-derived DCs (mDCs), and explored the underlying signalling pathways involved. METHODS Using flow cytometry, we determined the effects of FP and simvastatin on Treg/Th17 balance after co-incubation of asthmatic CD4(+) T cells with mDCs. We also measured the relevant Treg and Th17-polarizing cytokines released from mDCs and also investigated the role of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) in this response. RESULTS The combination of simvastatin and FP significantly increased Treg and concomitantly reduced Th17 cell numbers to a greater extent than FP or statin treatment alone. The enhancing effects of simvastatin on FP effects were mediated through the up-regulation of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase and interleukin (IL)-10, together with down-regulation of IL-6 and IL-23 expression in mDCs. CONCLUSION On the basis of this in vitro model of asthma, we suggest that the combination of a statin and a corticosteroid could augment the Treg/Th17 cell ratio and thus more effectively suppress airway inflammation in asthma patients. This may be particularly relevant in the treatment of severe asthma where Th17 cells are activated and linked to neutrophilic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Maneechotesuwan
- Division of Respiratory Disease and Tuberculosis, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
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Deppong CM, Green JM. Experimental advances in understanding allergic airway inflammation. Front Biosci (Schol Ed) 2013; 5:167-80. [PMID: 23277043 DOI: 10.2741/s364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is largely an inflammatory disease, with the development of T cell mediated inflammation in the lung following exposure to allergen or other precipitating factors. Currently, the major therapies for this disease are directed either at relief of bronchoconstriction (ie beta-agonists) or are non-specific immunomodulators (ie, corticosteroids). While much attention has been paid to factors that regulate the initiation of an inflammatory response, chronic inflammation may also be due to defects in regulatory mechanisms that limit or terminate immune responses. In this review, we explore the elements controlling both the recruitment of T cells to the lung and their function. Possibilities for future therapeutic intervention are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Deppong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Impact of intravenous immunoglobulin on the dopaminergic system and immune response in the acute MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:234. [PMID: 23046563 PMCID: PMC3520736 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is a blood-derived product, used for the treatment of immunodeficiency and autoimmune diseases. Since a range of immunotherapies have recently been proposed as a therapeutic strategy for Parkinson’s disease (PD), we investigated the effects of an IVIg treatment in a neurotoxin-induced animal model of PD. Mice received four injections of MPTP (15 mg/kg) at 2-hour intervals followed by a 14-day IVIg treatment, which induced key immune-related changes such as increased regulatory T-cell population and decreased CD4+/CD8+ ratio. The MPTP treatment induced significant 80% and 84% decreases of striatal dopamine concentrations (P < 0.01), as well as 33% and 40% reductions in the number of nigral dopaminergic neurons (P < 0.001) in controls and IVIg-treated mice, respectively. Two-way analyses of variance further revealed lower striatal tyrosine hydroxylase protein levels, striatal homovanillic acid concentrations and nigral dopaminergic neurons (P < 0.05) in IVIg-treated animals. Collectively, our results fail to support a neurorestorative effect of IVIg on the nigrostriatal system in the MPTP-treated mice and even suggest a trend toward a detrimental effect of IVIg on the dopaminergic system. These preclinical data underscore the need to proceed with caution before initiating clinical trials of IVIg in PD patients.
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Schulz VJ, Smit JJ, Bol-Schoenmakers M, van Duursen MBM, van den Berg M, Pieters RHH. Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor reduces the number of precursor and effector T cells, but preserves thymic CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Toxicol Lett 2012; 215:100-9. [PMID: 23041608 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation suppresses immune responses, including allergic sensitization, by increasing the percentage of regulatory (Treg) cells. Furthermore, AhR activation is known to affect thymic precursor T cells. However, the effect of AhR activation on intrathymic CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effect of AhR activation on the percentage and number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells during allergic sensitization in relevant immunological organs. C3H/HeOuJ mice were treated on day 0 with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and subsequently sensitized to peanut. On day 8, mice were sacrificed and thymus, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) were isolated. TCDD treatment decreased the number of CD4-CD8-, CD4+CD8+, CD4+CD8- and CD4-CD8+ precursor T cells, but not the number of thymic CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells. TCDD treatment increased the number of splenic CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells and decreased Th1, Th2 and cytotoxic T cells in the spleen. This appeared to be independent of allergic sensitization. In MLN, TCDD treatment suppressed the increase of the number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells, Th1, Th2 and cytotoxic T cells induced by peanut sensitization. Together, TCDD treatment preserves thymic CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells and decreases peripheral T helper and cytotoxic T cells. This effect of TCDD may contribute to the increased influence of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells on immune mediated responses and to the understanding of how AhR activation modulates immune mediated diseases, including food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V J Schulz
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80177, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Liu ZD, Wang L, Lu FH, Pan H, Zhao YX, Wang SJ, Sun SW, Li CL, Hu XL. Increased Th17 cell frequency concomitant with decreased Foxp3+ Treg cell frequency in the peripheral circulation of patients with carotid artery plaques. Inflamm Res 2012; 61:1155-65. [PMID: 22728962 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-012-0510-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN We investigated a possible imbalance between T helper (Th)17 and CD4+ CD25+ forkhead/winged helix transcription factor (Foxp3) T regulatory (Treg) cells in patients with carotid artery plaques. MATERIAL OR SUBJECTS From November 2009 to September 2010, we enrolled 126 males and 104 females with mean age 68.24 ± 6.71 years. TREATMENT Based on carotid artery sonography, the 230 subjects were categorized into three groups: plaque negative; stable plaques; and unstable plaques. METHODS Th17 and Treg cell frequencies, relevant plasma cytokines (IL-17, IL-6, IL-23, and TNF-α), and RORγt mRNA levels were determined. RESULTS Compared to plaque negative, Th17 cells, Th17-related cytokines (IL-17, IL-6, IL-23, and TNF-α), and RORγt mRNA levels were higher with stable plaques, and highest with unstable plaques. The opposite trend was found for Treg cells, Treg-related cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β1), and Foxp3 mRNA. Th17 cell frequencies were significantly negatively correlated with Treg cell frequencies. CONCLUSIONS Our investigation demonstrated that there is a Th17/Treg functional imbalance in patients with unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Th17 cells may promote atherogenesis, while Treg cells may have a protective role against atherosclerosis plaques. An imbalance of Th17/Treg cells may offer a new direction for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-dong Liu
- Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
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Lighter-Fisher J, Peng CH. Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Is Inversely Associated with Childhood Asthma. PEDIATRIC ALLERGY IMMUNOLOGY AND PULMONOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1089/ped.2012.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Lighter-Fisher
- Saul Krugman Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Chia-Hui Peng
- Saul Krugman Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
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McNamara JT, Schramm CM, Singh A, Secor ER, Guernsey LA, Lefrançois L, Thrall RS. Phenotypic changes to the endogenous antigen-specific CD8+ T cell response correlates with the development and resolution of allergic airway disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 180:1991-2000. [PMID: 22452921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The role of CD8(+) T cells in the pathogenesis of asthma remains controversial, as both pro- and anti-inflammatory functions have been suggested. This study was designed to examine the endogenous CD8(+) T cell response in a biphasic ovalbumin (OVA)-induced model of allergic airway disease (AAD) and its subsequent resolution with the development of local inhalational tolerance (LIT). We observed increases in OVA-specific CD8(+) T cell numbers in the local lung compartments (bronchoalveolar lavage, lung tissue, hilar lymph node) at AAD and LIT; systemic compartments (spleen, inguinal lymph node) displayed no such increases in CD8(+) T cell numbers. OVA-specific CD8(+) T cells appeared to exhibit plasticity both phenotypically and functionally. They possessed pro-inflammatory characteristics at AAD, with high phenotypic expression of CD11a and increased functional expression of granzyme B and interferon-γ. In contrast, at LIT they showed increased phenotypic expression of the inhibitory marker NKG2A and functionally did not produce granzyme B or interferon-γ. In addition, in a discontinuous model the OVA-specific CD8(+) T cells could be recalled on re-exposure to OVA, demonstrating memory. Finally, confocal microscopy results showed that OVA-specific CD8(+) T cells at AAD are associated with B cell aggregates in lung tissue. These B cell aggregates resembled tertiary ectopic lymphoid tissue and may thus provide a local environment for the salient cellular interactions that contribute to the development of LIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T McNamara
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA
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Choi IS. Immune tolerance by induced regulatory T cells in asthma. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2012; 4:113-5. [PMID: 22548202 PMCID: PMC3328726 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2012.4.3.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inseon S Choi
- Department of Allergy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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Kim HJ, Lee HJ, Jeong SJ, Lee HJ, Kim SH, Park EJ. Cortex Mori Radicis extract exerts antiasthmatic effects via enhancement of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells and inhibition of Th2 cytokines in a mouse asthma model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 138:40-46. [PMID: 21875661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ETHONOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Cortex Mori Radicis (CMR), the root epidermis of Morus alba L., has been traditionally used for cough treatment in Oriental medicine. In the present study, immunological mechanism of CMR in inhibition of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) was investigated in a mouse asthma model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental asthma model was established in Balb/c mice sensitized by ovalbumin (OVA), followed by aerosol allergen challenges. CMR (50 or 200mg/kg) was orally administered for 6-weeks from 3-weeks after OVA sensitization. AHR, pulmonary eosinophilic accumulation, immunoglobulin E (IgE), histamine, Th2 cytokine expression, and CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) were evaluated by flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS CMR significantly reduced AHR response, eosinophil infiltration, and production of serum histamine and OVA-specific IgE. Furthermore, CMR suppressed Th2 cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, -5 and -13 at protein (secreted) and mRNA levels. Of note, CMR significantly increased Foxp3(+) Tregs population and enhanced Foxp3(+) mRNA expression in a mouse asthma model. CONCLUSIONS CMR exerts anti-allergic effect via enhancement of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells and inhibition of Th2 cytokines in a mouse asthma model as a potent anti-asthmatic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ji Kim
- The Department of Oriental Pediatrics, College of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, South Korea
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CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells suppress cardiac fibrosis in the hypertensive heart. J Hypertens 2011; 29:1820-8. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e328349c62d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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