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de-la-Plaza-San-Frutos M, García-García E, Martínez-Pascual B, Esteban IM, Domínguez-Balmaseda D, Sosa-Reina MD. Effects of vaccination against COVID-19 on overactive bladder symptoms on young population. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1338317. [PMID: 38983365 PMCID: PMC11231098 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1338317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The vaccines developed against COVID-19 have different modes of action, with a primary focus on the spike protein of the virus. Adverse effects following vaccination have been reported, including local and systemic symptoms. Understanding the potential side effects on the urinary tract after vaccination is of importance. Actively investigating and comprehending the potential impact on the urinary tract, we can enhance public health strategies and pave the way for safer and more effective vaccination programs. Methodology The study was based on an online survey that included the Spanish Version of the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS-S); 2,362 men and women replied to the survey. After the application of the exclusion criteria, 1,563 participants were insured. In the context of COVID-19, individuals were questioned regarding several key factors related to their vaccination status and medical history. These factors included the number of vaccine doses received, the specific type of vaccine administered, whether they had previously contracted COVID-19, and the frequency of prior infections, if applicable. Results A total of 1,563 (74.7% women and 27.3% men) subjects between the ages of 18 and 45 completed the survey and were included in the final analyses. The most frequently administered vaccine type was Pfizer-BioNTech (42.2%), and most subjects received three doses. The proportion of females who received the AstraZeneca vaccine and do not require to urinate during the night is significantly higher compared to males (59.1% vs. 33.3%; p<0.05). The proportion of individuals who urinate five or more times during the night is higher in those who have received a single vaccine dose than in those who have received three doses (2.2% vs. 0.1%; p<0.05). Conclusion COVID-19 vaccination has been found to impact the lower urinary tract (LUT) and overactive bladder (OAB). Initially, LUT symptoms worsened, and OABSS-S scores increased after the first vaccine dose in individuals under 45 years old. However, symptoms improved after receiving the third and fourth doses. Gender differences were observed in the vaccination effects. Men vaccinated with AstraZeneca reported a higher number of nighttime voids, while women vaccinated with Moderna reported more daytime voids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta de-la-Plaza-San-Frutos
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Research Group on Exercise Therapy and Functional Rehabilitation, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa García-García
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Woman & Health Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Mínguez Esteban
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Musculoskeletal Pain and Motor Control Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Domínguez-Balmaseda
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Masmicrobiota Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Real Madrid Graduate School, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Dolores Sosa-Reina
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Musculoskeletal Pain and Motor Control Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Syed AS, Sultana S, Begum A, Nadeem K, Ara J, Askarey SH, Siddiqui AA, Anwar A, Hashmi AA. Severity of Adverse Effects of Sinovac COVID-19 Vaccine in Postmenopausal Women: A Multicenter Experience From Pakistan. Cureus 2023; 15:e46682. [PMID: 37942377 PMCID: PMC10629371 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The most significant element in halting the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic was the availability of reliable and efficient vaccines. Vaccine acceptability is influenced by many factors, including perceptions of the vaccine's safety and side effects. Adverse reactions to vaccines can vary with regard to the type, although they are frequently mild, localized, temporary, and self-limiting. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of side effects experienced by postmenopausal women after receiving the Sinovac vaccine. Methods This multicenter, prospective cross-sectional study was carried out at multiple centers in Karachi, Pakistan. In this study, the non-probability sampling method was used. The study continued from August 1, 2022, to January 31, 2023, for six months. The study comprised 600 postmenopausal women over the age of 50 years who received two doses of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccination. Demographic parameters such as gender, the existence of comorbidities, and local and systemic side effects in postmenopausal women were documented as frequencies and percentages. Age, weight, and duration of comorbidities are expressed as means and standard deviations. Results The study findings showed that the mean age of study participants was 63.93 ± 8.24 years. There were related comorbidities with hypertension and diabetes mellitus in 181 (30.2%) and 40 (6.7%) women, respectively. Fever was the most often reported side effect, with 349 (58.2%) participants reporting it and 198 (56.7%) participants reporting it as mild. After the second dose, 234 (39.5%) participants reported fever as their most frequent adverse effect, and 158 (67.5%) of them reported it was mild. Conclusion This study concluded that the most commonly reported side effects among postmenopausal women were fever, pain, and swelling at the injection site after getting either dose of Sinovac vaccine. These overall side effects were generally mild to moderate in intensity, not life-threatening, and did not require hospitalization, although fever was reported in severe intensity in some cases, particularly after the first dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Safdar Syed
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chiniot General Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ziauddin University, Karachi, PAK
| | - Amna Begum
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Khasheaa Nadeem
- Internal Medicine, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Jamal Ara
- Internal Medicine, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | | | | | - Adnan Anwar
- Physiology, Hamdard College of Medicine and Dentistry, Karachi, PAK
- Internal Medicine, Essa General Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Atif A Hashmi
- Pathology, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, PAK
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3
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J. Rodriguez-Morales A, Katterine Bonilla-Aldana D. Introductory Chapter: Lessons from SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 after Two Years of Pandemic. Infect Dis (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.108769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
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4
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Tsai CL, Lai CC, Chen CY, Lee HS. The efficacy and safety of complement C5a inhibitors for patients with severe COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2023; 21:77-86. [PMID: 36399686 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2022.2150165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical efficacy and safety of complement C5a inhibitors for patients with severe COVID-19 remains unclear. METHODS The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched from their inception to 27 September 2022. Only studies that assessed the usefulness of C5a inhibitors for the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19 patients were included. The primary outcome was the risk of 28-day mortality. RESULTS Six studies, including four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and two non-RCTs, were included. The study group receiving C5a inhibitors had a significantly lower risk of mortality compared with the control group (23.6% [70/297] vs 39.2% [136/347]; odds ratio [OR], 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.37-0.76; P< 0.001), and no heterogeneity was detected (I2 = 0%; P= 0.58). Compared with control group, the study group was associated with a similar risk of serious adverse events (AEs) (OR, 0.84; 95% CI: 0.57-1.23; P0 = 0.37), infection (OR, 1.46; 95% CI: 0.77-2.79; P= 0.25) and acute kidney injury (OR, 0.89; 95% CI: 0.54-1.46; P= 0.64). CONCLUSION C5a inhibitors could help reduce the risk of mortality in patients with severe COVID-19 infection while being as safe as placebos. These findings support the promising role of C5a inhibitors in the treatment of severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Lun Tsai
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Lai
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Sheng Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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5
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Nazir M, Asghar S, Rathore MA, Shahzad A, Shahid A, Ashraf Khan A, Malik A, Fakhar T, Kausar H, Malik J. Menstrual abnormalities after COVID-19 vaccines: A systematic review. VACUNAS 2022; 23:S77-S87. [PMID: 35873308 PMCID: PMC9294036 DOI: 10.1016/j.vacun.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this systematic review is to give a comprehensive interpretation of menstrual cycle changes after the COVID-19 vaccination. Additionally, it is imperative to assess reports of menstrual changes following vaccination to dispel concerns that COVID-19 vaccines hinder the likelihood of pregnancy in the long run. A literature review was conducted using digital databases to systematically identify the studies reporting any menstrual abnormalities after the COVID-19 vaccine. Detailed patient-level study characteristics including the type of study, sample size, administered vaccines, and menstrual abnormalities were abstracted. A total of 78 138 vaccinated females were included in this review from 14 studies. Of these, 39 759 (52.05%) had some form of a menstrual problem after vaccination. Due to the lack of published research articles, preprints were also included in this review. Menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, and polymenorrhea were the most commonly observed problems and the overall study-level rate of menstrual abnormality ranged from 0.83% to 90.9%. Age, history of pregnancy, systemic side-effects of COVID-19, smoking, and second dose of COVID-19 vaccine were predictors of menstrual problems after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheen Nazir
- Department of Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Shumaila Asghar
- Department of Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Rathore
- Department of Hematology, Armed Forces Institute of Transfusion, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Asima Shahzad
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Anum Shahid
- Department of Obs/Gyne, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Asmara Malik
- Department of Community Medicine, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Tehniat Fakhar
- Department of Medicine, Shifa Tameer e Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafsa Kausar
- Department of Medicine, Shifa Tameer e Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jahanzeb Malik
- Department of Electrophysiology, Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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6
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Khan Z, Pabani UK, Gul A, Muhammad SA, Yousif Y, Abumedian M, Elmahdi O, Gupta A. COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Myocarditis: A Systemic Review and Literature Search. Cureus 2022; 14:e27408. [PMID: 36051715 PMCID: PMC9419896 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis is one of the complications reported with COVID-19 vaccines, particularly both Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines. Most of the published data about this association come from case reports and series. Integrating the geographical data, clinical manifestations, and outcomes is therefore important in patients with myocarditis to better understand the disease. A thorough literature search was conducted in Cochrane library, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for published literature till 30 March 2022. We identified 26 patients eligible from 29 studies; the data were pooled from these qualifying case reports and case series. Around 94% of patients were male in this study, the median age for onset of myocarditis was 22 years and 85% developed symptoms after the second dose. The median time of admission for patients to hospitals post-vaccination was three days and chest pain was the most common presenting symptom in these patients. Most patients had elevated troponin on admission and about 90% of patients had cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) that showed late gadolinium enhancement. All patients admitted with myocarditis were discharged home after a median stay of four days. Results from this current analysis show that post-mRNA vaccination myocarditis is mainly seen in young males after the second dose of vaccination. The pathophysiology of vaccine-induced myocarditis is not entirely clear and late gadolinium enhancement is a common finding on CMR in these patients that may indicate myocardial fibrosis or necrosis. Prognosis remains good and all patients recovered from myocarditis, however further studies are advisable to assess long-term prognosis of myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Khan
- Acute Medicine, Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Southend on Sea, GBR.,Cardiology and General Medicine, Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, London, GBR.,Cardiology, Royal Free Hospital, London, GBR
| | - Umesh Kumar Pabani
- Internal Medicine, Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, London, GBR
| | - Amresh Gul
- General Practice, Starcare Hospital, Duqm, OMN
| | - Syed Aun Muhammad
- Cardiology, Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Southend on Sea, GBR
| | - Yousif Yousif
- Internal Medicine, Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, London, GBR
| | - Mohammed Abumedian
- Geriatrics, Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, London, GBR
| | - Ola Elmahdi
- Internal Medicine, Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Romford, GBR
| | - Animesh Gupta
- Acute Internal Medicine, Southend University Hospital, Southend on Sea, GBR.,Acute Internal Medicine and Intensive Care, Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, London, GBR
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7
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Vaezi A, Meysamie A. COVID-19 Vaccines Cost-Effectiveness Analysis: A Scenario for Iran. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 10:37. [PMID: 35062698 PMCID: PMC8777749 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines are supposed to be critical measure for ending the pandemic. Governments had to decide on the type of vaccine to provide for their population. In this decision-making process, cost-effectiveness analysis is considered a helpful tool. This study is a cost-effectiveness analysis utilized to calculate the incremental cost per averted disability-adjusted life year (DALY) by vaccination compared to no vaccination for different COVID-19 vaccines. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for a vaccination with COVID-19 vaccines was estimated at 6.2 to 121.2 USD to avert one DALY and 566.8 to 10,957.7 USD per one death. The lowest and highest ICERs belong to Ad26.COV2.S and CoronaVac, respectively. Considering the scenario of Iran, vaccines that are recommended include ad26.cov2.s, chadox1-S, rAd26-S + rAd5-S, and BNT162b2 in the order of recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Vaezi
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Alipasha Meysamie
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
- Community Based Participatory Research Center, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
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8
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Yi C, Sun X, Lin Y, Gu C, Ding L, Lu X, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Ma L, Gu W, Qu A, Zhou X, Li X, Xu J, Ling Z, Xie Y, Lu H, Sun B. Comprehensive mapping of binding hot spots of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific neutralizing antibodies for tracking immune escape variants. Genome Med 2021; 13:164. [PMID: 34649620 PMCID: PMC8515915 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00985-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The receptor-binding domain (RBD) variants of SARS-CoV-2 could impair antibody-mediated neutralization of the virus by host immunity; thus, prospective surveillance of antibody escape mutants and understanding the evolution of RBD are urgently needed. METHODS Using the single B cell cloning technology, we isolated and characterized 93 RBD-specific antibodies from the memory B cells of four COVID-19 convalescent individuals in the early stage of the pandemic. Then, global RBD alanine scanning with a panel of 19 selected neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), including several broadly reactive NAbs, was performed. Furthermore, we assessed the impact of single natural mutation or co-mutations of concern at key positions of RBD on the neutralization escape and ACE2 binding function by recombinant proteins and pseudoviruses. RESULTS Thirty-three amino acid positions within four independent antigenic sites (1 to 4) of RBD were identified as valuable indicators of antigenic changes in the RBD. The comprehensive escape mutation map not only confirms the widely circulating strains carrying important immune escape RBD mutations such as K417N, E484K, and L452R, but also facilitates the discovery of new immune escape-enabling mutations such as F486L, N450K, F490S, and R346S. Of note, these escape mutations could not affect the ACE2 binding affinity of RBD, among which L452R even enhanced binding. Furthermore, we showed that RBD co-mutations K417N, E484K, and N501Y present in B.1.351 appear more resistant to NAbs and human convalescent plasma from the early stage of the pandemic, possibly due to an additive effect. Conversely, double mutations E484Q and L452R present in B.1.617.1 variant show partial antibody evasion with no evidence for an additive effect. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a global view of the determinants for neutralizing antibody recognition, antigenic conservation, and RBD conformation. The in-depth escape maps may have value for prospective surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 immune escape variants. Special attention should be paid to the accumulation of co-mutations at distinct major antigenic sites. Finally, the new broadly reactive NAbs described here represent new potential opportunities for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yixiao Lin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Chenjian Gu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/MOH), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Longfei Ding
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yaguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Liyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wangpeng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Aidong Qu
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200052, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200052, China
| | - Xiuling Li
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200052, China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Zhiyang Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Youhua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/MOH), Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
| | - Bing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China. .,Bio-Research Innovation Center Suzhou, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215121, China.
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Kalantari S, Sadeghzadeh-Bazargan A, Ebrahimi S, Yassin Z, Faiz SHR, Kabir A, Baghestani A, Mashayekhi F, Bokharaei-Salim F, Goodarzi A. The effect of influenza vaccine on severity of COVID-19 infection: An original study from Iran. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2021; 35:114. [PMID: 34956960 PMCID: PMC8683836 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.35.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 infection is a novel virus that mainly targets the respiratory system via specific receptors without any coronavirus-targeted therapies. Many efforts have been made to prepare specific vaccines for COVID-19 or use of prefabricated vaccines of other similar viruses, especially severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and influenza (flu). We aimed to evaluate the effects of previous flu vaccine injection on severity of incoming COVID-19 infection. Methods: We conducted a large cross-sectional study of 529 hospitalized Iranian COVID patients to evaluate the severity of disease courses in patients with or without previous flu vaccination history using some main factors like length of hospitalization, need for the intensive care unit (ICU) admission and length of stay in the ICU for comparison between COVID-19 infected patients with or without flu vaccination history. For the quantitative data, we used independent-samples t and Mann-Whitney tests. The qualitative data were calculated using the Fisher exact and chi-square tests in IBM SPSS Statistics version 22 (SPSS Inc) and P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There were no significant differences in the demographic data of patients, disease, and severity-related parameters between the 2 groups. It means that there were not any significant differences between patients with and without history of flu vaccination regarding mean days of hospitalization, percentage of needing to be admitted to the ICU, days being admitted to the ICU (8.44±6.36 vs 7.94±8.57; 17% vs 11.5%; and 1.17±3.09 vs 0.92±3.04, retrospectively) (p=0.883, 0.235, and 0.809, respectively). In the laboratory tests, in comparison between patients with and without history of previous flu vaccination, only lymphocytes count in the vaccine positive group was higher than the vaccine negative group (20.82±11.23 vs 18.04±9.71) (p=0.067) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels were higher in the vaccine negative group (146.57±109.72 vs 214.15±332.06) (p=0.006). Conclusion: We did not find any association between flu vaccination and decrease in disease severity in our patients. It seems that patients with previous history of flu vaccination may experience less laboratory abnormalities in some parameters that could be interpreted in favor of lower overall inflammation; however, this study cannot answer this definitely because of its design. As we collected retrospective data from only alive discharged patients and had no healthy control group, we could not discuss the probable effect of the vaccine on the mortality rate or its probable protective role against the infection. We need more well-designed controlled studies with different populations in different geographic areas to address the controversies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Kalantari
- Department of Infectious Disease, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Rasool Akram Medical Complex, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saedeh Ebrahimi
- Department of Infectious Disease, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Rasool Akram Medical Complex, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeynab Yassin
- Department of Infectious Disease, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Rasool Akram Medical Complex, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamid Reza Faiz
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Kabir
- Department of Epidemiology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Baghestani
- Department of General Medicine, Rasool Akram Medical Complex, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Mashayekhi
- Department of General Medicine, Rasool Akram Medical Complex, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farah Bokharaei-Salim
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Goodarzi
- Department of Dermatology, Rasool Akram Medical Complex, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Prophylaxis for COVID-19: a systematic review. Clin Microbiol Infect 2021; 27:532-537. [PMID: 33476807 PMCID: PMC7813508 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the landscape of vaccine and treatment candidates against the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been reviewed systematically, prophylactic candidates remain unexplored. OBJECTIVES To map pre- and postexposure prophylactic (PrEP and PEP) candidate for COVID-19. DATA SOURCES PubMed/Medline, Embase, International Committee of Medical Journal Editors and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform clinical trial registries and medRxiv. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA AND PARTICIPANTS All studies in humans or animals and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in humans reporting primary data on prophylactic candidates against COVID-19, excluding studies focused on key populations. INTERVENTIONS PrEP and PEP candidate for COVID-19. METHODS Systematic review and qualitative synthesis of COVID-19 PrEP and PEP studies and RCTs complemented by search of medRxiv and PubMed and Embase for studies reporting RCT outcomes since systematic review search completion. RESULTS We identified 13 studies (from 2119 database records) and 117 RCTs (from 5565 RCTs listed in the registries) that met the inclusion criteria. Non-RCT studies reported on cross-sectional studies using hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in humans (n = 2) or reported on animal studies (n = 7), most of which used antibodies. All five completed RCTs focused on the use of HCQ as either PrEP or PEP, and these and the cross-sectional studies reported no prophylactic effect. The majority of ongoing RCTs evaluated HCQ or other existing candidates including non-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines, anti(retro)virals or use of vitamins and supplements. CONCLUSIONS The key message from completed studies and RCTs seems to be that HCQ does not work. There is little evidence regarding other compounds, with all RCTs using candidates other than HCQ still ongoing. It remains to be seen if the portfolio of existing molecules being evaluated in RCTs will identify successful prophylaxis against COVID-19 or if there is a need for the development of new candidates.
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11
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Abd-Alrazaq A, Schneider J, Mifsud B, Alam T, Househ M, Hamdi M, Shah Z. A Comprehensive Overview of the COVID-19 Literature: Machine Learning-Based Bibliometric Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e23703. [PMID: 33600346 PMCID: PMC7942394 DOI: 10.2196/23703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shortly after the emergence of COVID-19, researchers rapidly mobilized to study numerous aspects of the disease such as its evolution, clinical manifestations, effects, treatments, and vaccinations. This led to a rapid increase in the number of COVID-19-related publications. Identifying trends and areas of interest using traditional review methods (eg, scoping and systematic reviews) for such a large domain area is challenging. OBJECTIVE We aimed to conduct an extensive bibliometric analysis to provide a comprehensive overview of the COVID-19 literature. METHODS We used the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19) that consists of a large number of research articles related to all coronaviruses. We used a machine learning-based method to analyze the most relevant COVID-19-related articles and extracted the most prominent topics. Specifically, we used a clustering algorithm to group published articles based on the similarity of their abstracts to identify research hotspots and current research directions. We have made our software accessible to the community via GitHub. RESULTS Of the 196,630 publications retrieved from the database, we included 28,904 in our analysis. The mean number of weekly publications was 990 (SD 789.3). The country that published the highest number of COVID-19-related articles was China (2950/17,270, 17.08%). The highest number of articles were published in bioRxiv. Lei Liu affiliated with the Southern University of Science and Technology in China published the highest number of articles (n=46). Based on titles and abstracts alone, we were able to identify 1515 surveys, 733 systematic reviews, 512 cohort studies, 480 meta-analyses, and 362 randomized control trials. We identified 19 different topics covered among the publications reviewed. The most dominant topic was public health response, followed by clinical care practices during the COVID-19 pandemic, clinical characteristics and risk factors, and epidemic models for its spread. CONCLUSIONS We provide an overview of the COVID-19 literature and have identified current hotspots and research directions. Our findings can be useful for the research community to help prioritize research needs and recognize leading COVID-19 researchers, institutes, countries, and publishers. Our study shows that an AI-based bibliometric analysis has the potential to rapidly explore a large corpus of academic publications during a public health crisis. We believe that this work can be used to analyze other eHealth-related literature to help clinicians, administrators, and policy makers to obtain a holistic view of the literature and be able to categorize different topics of the existing research for further analyses. It can be further scaled (for instance, in time) to clinical summary documentation. Publishers should avoid noise in the data by developing a way to trace the evolution of individual publications and unique authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Abd-Alrazaq
- Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jens Schneider
- Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Borbala Mifsud
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tanvir Alam
- Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mowafa Househ
- Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mounir Hamdi
- Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zubair Shah
- Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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12
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Ni Y, Alu A, Lei H, Wang Y, Wu M, Wei X. Immunological perspectives on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of COVID-19. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2021; 2:1. [PMID: 34766001 PMCID: PMC7815329 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-020-00015-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). COVID-19 can spread to the entire body and cause multiple organ failure. It is a daunting challenge to control the fast growing worldwide pandemic because effective prevention and treatment strategies are unavailable currently. Generally, the immune response of the human body triggered by viral infection is essential for the elimination of the virus. However, severe COVID-19 patients may manifest dysregulated immune responses, such as lymphopenia, lymphocyte exhaustion, exacerbated antibody response, cytokine release syndrome (CRS), etc. Understanding of these immunological characteristics may help identify better approaches for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of COVID-19 patients. As specific anti-viral agents are notoriously difficult to develop, strategies for modulating the immune responses by either developing novel vaccines or using immunotherapy hold great promise to improve the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghong Ni
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 P. R. China
| | - Aqu Alu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Hong Lei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203 USA
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
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13
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Haque M, Kumar S, Charan J, Bhatt R, Islam S, Dutta S, Abhayanand JP, Sharma Y, Sefah I, Kurdi A, Wale J, Godman B. Utilisation, Availability and Price Changes of Medicines and Protection Equipment for COVID-19 Among Selected Regions in India: Findings and Implications. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:582154. [PMID: 33628172 PMCID: PMC7898674 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.582154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 has already claimed a considerable number of lives worldwide. However, there are concerns with treatment recommendations given the extent of conflicting results with suggested treatments and misinformation, some of which has resulted in increased prices and shortages alongside increasing use and prices of personal protective equipment (PPE). This is a concern in countries such as India where there have been high patient co-payments and an appreciable number of families going into poverty when members become ill. However, balanced against pricing controls. Community pharmacists play a significant role in disease management in India, and this will remain. Consequently, there is a need to review prices and availability of pertinent medicines during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in India to provide future direction. Objective: Assess current utilisation and price changes as well as shortages of pertinent medicines and equipment during the early stages of the pandemic. Our Approach: Multiple approach involving a review of treatments and ongoing activities across India to reduce the spread of the virus alongside questioning pharmacies in selected cities from early March to end May 2020. Our Activities: 111 pharmacies took part, giving a response rate of 80%. Encouragingly, no change in utilisation of antimalarial medicines in 45% of pharmacies despite endorsements and for antibiotics in 57.7% of pharmacies, helped by increasing need for a prescription for dispensing. In addition, increased purchasing of PPE (over 98%). No price increases were seen for antimalarials and antibiotics in 83.8 and 91.9% of pharmacies respectively although shortages were seen for antimalarials in 70.3% of pharmacies, lower for antibiotics (9.9% of pharmacies). However, price increases were typically seen for PPE (over 90% of stores) as well as for analgesics (over 50% of pharmacies). Shortages were also seen for PPE (88.3%). Conclusion: The pandemic has impacted on utilisation and prices of pertinent medicines and PPE in India but moderated by increased scrutiny. Key stakeholder groups can play a role with enhancing evidenced-based approaches and reducing inappropriate purchasing in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainul Haque
- Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (National Defence University of Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Jaykaran Charan
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Rohan Bhatt
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Salequl Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Bangladesh
| | - Siddhartha Dutta
- Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, India
| | | | - Yesh Sharma
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jaipur, India
| | - Israel Sefah
- Pharmacy Department, Ghana Health Service, Keta Municipal Hospital, Keta-Dzelukope, Ghana
- Pharmacy Practice Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Volta Region, Ghana
| | - Amanj Kurdi
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Janney Wale
- Independent Consumer Advocate, Brunswick, VIC, Australia
| | - Brian Godman
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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14
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Shahid M, Shahzad-Ul-Hussan S. Structural insights of key enzymes into therapeutic intervention against SARS-CoV-2. J Struct Biol 2020; 213:107690. [PMID: 33383190 PMCID: PMC7769706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has drastically affected human health all over the world. After the emergence of the pandemic the major focus of efforts to attenuate the infection has been on repurposing the already approved drugs to treat COVID-19 adopting a fast-track strategy. However, to date a specific regimen to treat COVID-19 is not available. Over the last few months a substantial amount of data about the structures of various key proteins and their recognition partners involved in the SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis has emerged. These studies have not only provided the molecular level descriptions ofthe viral pathogenesis but also laid the foundation for rational drug design and discovery. In this review, we have recapitulated the structural details of four key viral enzymes, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, 3-chymotrypsin like protease, papain-like protease and helicase, and two host factors including angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and transmembrane serine protease involved in the SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, and described the potential hotspots present on these structures which could be explored for therapeutic intervention. We have also discussed the significance of endoplasmic reticulum α-glucosidases as potential targets for anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munazza Shahid
- Department of Biology, SBA School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Syed Shahzad-Ul-Hussan
- Department of Biology, SBA School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan.
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15
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Calcaterra G, Mehta JL, Fanos V, Bassareo PP. Insights on Kawasaki disease and multisystem inflammatory syndrome: relationship with COVID-19 infection. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2020; 73:203-208. [PMID: 33305919 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.20.06140-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jawahar L Mehta
- Division of Cardiology, VA Medical Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pier P Bassareo
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, University College of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland -
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16
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Mayer CS, Huser V. Computerized monitoring of COVID-19 trials, studies and registries in ClinicalTrials.gov registry. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10261. [PMID: 33150094 PMCID: PMC7587053 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical trial registries can provide important information about relevant studies for a given condition to other researchers and the public. We developed a computerized informatics based approach to provide an overview and analysis of COVID-19 studies registered on ClinicalTrials.gov registry. Using the perspective of analyzing active or completed COVID-19 studies, we identified 401 interventional clinical trials, 287 observational studies and 64 registries. We analyzed features of each study type separately such as location, design, interventions and update history. Our results show that the United States had the most COVID-19 interventional trials, France had the most COVID-19 observational studies and France and the United States tied for the most COVID-19 registries on ClinicalTrials.gov. The majority of studies in all three study types had a single study site. For update history “Study Status” is the most updated information and we found that studies located in Canada (2.70 updates per study) and the United States (1.76 updates per study) update their studies more often than studies in any other country. Using normalization and mapping techniques, we identified Hydroxychloroquine (92 studies) as the most common drug intervention, while convalescent plasma (20 studies) is the most common biological intervention. The primary purpose of most interventional trials is for treatment with 298 studies (74.3%). For COVID-19 registries we found the most common proposed follow-up time is 1 year (15 studies). Of specific importance and interest is COVID-19 vaccine trials, of which 12 were identified. Our informatics based approach allows for constant monitoring and updating as well as multiple applications to other conditions and interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig S Mayer
- Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communication, National Library of Medicine, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vojtech Huser
- Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communication, National Library of Medicine, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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17
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Actis GC, Ribaldone DG, Fagoonee S, Pellicano R. COVID-19: a user's guide, status of the art and an original proposal to terminate viral recurrence. Minerva Med 2020; 112:144-152. [PMID: 33104300 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.20.07054-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The world is now entering its 9th month of combat against a pandemic of deadly pneumonia. Started out from China in December 2019, the disease has been declared as caused by infection with a so far unknown RNA Coronavirus of the respiratory family, then named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. In the absence of a vaccine, and with scientists still struggling for an effective therapy, COVID-19 (the SARS-dependent syndrome) carries up to now, a death toll of more than 590,000 (July 18,2020) undermining jobs and finance of contemporary society in all continents. Social distancing, the only measure hitherto shown to restrain virus spread, has been progressively loosened from May 2020 in some countries, leaving us in the fear of repeat attacks from the unchecked virus. We discuss the problem and propose to tentatively boost the antivirus cell machinery by using lab-made viral mimics to engage cell receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute for Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | - Rinaldo Pellicano
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
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18
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Abd-alrazaq A, Schneider J, Mifsud B, Alam T, Househ M, Hamdi M, Shah Z. A Comprehensive Overview of the COVID-19 Literature: Machine Learning–Based Bibliometric Analysis (Preprint).. [DOI: 10.2196/preprints.23703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Shortly after the emergence of COVID-19, researchers rapidly mobilized to study numerous aspects of the disease such as its evolution, clinical manifestations, effects, treatments, and vaccinations. This led to a rapid increase in the number of COVID-19–related publications. Identifying trends and areas of interest using traditional review methods (eg, scoping and systematic reviews) for such a large domain area is challenging.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to conduct an extensive bibliometric analysis to provide a comprehensive overview of the COVID-19 literature.
METHODS
We used the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19) that consists of a large number of research articles related to all coronaviruses. We used a machine learning–based method to analyze the most relevant COVID-19–related articles and extracted the most prominent topics. Specifically, we used a clustering algorithm to group published articles based on the similarity of their abstracts to identify research hotspots and current research directions. We have made our software accessible to the community via GitHub.
RESULTS
Of the 196,630 publications retrieved from the database, we included 28,904 in our analysis. The mean number of weekly publications was 990 (SD 789.3). The country that published the highest number of COVID-19–related articles was China (2950/17,270, 17.08%). The highest number of articles were published in bioRxiv. Lei Liu affiliated with the Southern University of Science and Technology in China published the highest number of articles (n=46). Based on titles and abstracts alone, we were able to identify 1515 surveys, 733 systematic reviews, 512 cohort studies, 480 meta-analyses, and 362 randomized control trials. We identified 19 different topics covered among the publications reviewed. The most dominant topic was public health response, followed by clinical care practices during the COVID-19 pandemic, clinical characteristics and risk factors, and epidemic models for its spread.
CONCLUSIONS
We provide an overview of the COVID-19 literature and have identified current hotspots and research directions. Our findings can be useful for the research community to help prioritize research needs and recognize leading COVID-19 researchers, institutes, countries, and publishers. Our study shows that an AI-based bibliometric analysis has the potential to rapidly explore a large corpus of academic publications during a public health crisis. We believe that this work can be used to analyze other eHealth-related literature to help clinicians, administrators, and policy makers to obtain a holistic view of the literature and be able to categorize different topics of the existing research for further analyses. It can be further scaled (for instance, in time) to clinical summary documentation. Publishers should avoid noise in the data by developing a way to trace the evolution of individual publications and unique authors.
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19
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Crispo A, Montagnese C, Perri F, Grimaldi M, Bimonte S, Augustin LS, Amore A, Celentano E, Di Napoli M, Cascella M, Pignata S. COVID-19 Emergency and Post-Emergency in Italian Cancer Patients: How Can Patients Be Assisted? Front Oncol 2020; 10:1571. [PMID: 32850461 PMCID: PMC7431560 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Italy and worldwide are experiencing an outbreak of a new coronavirus-related disease, named COVID-19, declared by the WHO COVID-19 a pandemic. The fragility of cancer patients is well-known, with many cases affecting aged patients or those with several comorbidities that frequently result in a loss of independency and functionality. Therefore, cancer patients have been greatly affected by this health emergency and, due to their vulnerability to COVID-19, oncologic patient visits have been often delayed or canceled leading to possible under-treatment. Different solutions can be adopted for reducing travels to cancer screening centers and the overall impact of cancer screening visits. As a consequence, it has been recommended that, when possible, the follow-up visits for cancer patients treated with oral anticancer drugs could be performed telematically. Furthermore, many patients refuse hospital visits, even if necessary, because of fear of contagion. Moreover, in some regions in Italy even the very first non-urgent visits have been postponed with the consequent delay in diagnosis, which may negatively affect disease prognosis. For these reasons, new approaches are needed such as the telemedicine tool. Throughout organized and appropriate tools, it would be possible to manage patients' visits and treatments, to avoid the dangerous extension of waiting lists when the standard activities will resume. In this context, a number of hospital visits can be substituted with visits at small local health centers, and general practitioners'office, taking in turn, advantage of well-defined telemedicine path which will be developed in the post-emergency phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Crispo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy,*Correspondence: Anna Crispo,
| | - Concetta Montagnese
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Perri
- Head and Neck Medical and Experimental Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Grimaldi
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Sabrina Bimonte
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Livia Silvia Augustin
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Amore
- Medical Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Egidio Celentano
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Marilena Di Napoli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Cascella
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Sandro Pignata
- Medical Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
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