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Rahayuwati L, Mutyara K, Nugraha RR, Khatiwada M, Dochez C, Kartasasmita C. COVID-19 Vaccine Perspective Among University Lecturers and Students: A Qualitative Study of Pre Implementation of Vaccination. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:1619-1629. [PMID: 37325125 PMCID: PMC10266379 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s416123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The determinants of vaccine preferences and hesitancy varied by time and place. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the perspective of a COVID-19 vaccine among university-based groups. Methodology This qualitative research involved lecturers and students, and a selection of online focused group discussion was conducted based on the following criteria, including representatives of the health and non-health faculties, with at least 8 attendees in lecturer groups, and 8 participants in student groups. Results This study is described in 8 themes covering various issues about COVID-19 vaccine, such as views on COVID-19 vaccine, fake news, vaccine implementation by government. Conclusion The assessment of vaccine perspective shows that although awaited by some people, it also creates contradictions. This is due to the massive amount of information available regarding the vaccine descriptions. The role of the government as the main policy maker is to provide the right information and to make the right decisions about vaccines and vaccination implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laili Rahayuwati
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Kuswandewi Mutyara
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 45363, Indonesia
| | | | - Madan Khatiwada
- Network for Education and Support in Immunisation (NESI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium
| | - Carine Dochez
- Network for Education and Support in Immunisation (NESI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium
| | - Cissy Kartasasmita
- Department of Pediatric, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, 40161, Indonesia
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Vicentini C, Garzaro G, Cornio AR, Bosio D, Bergamaschi E, Parravicini GP, Zotti CM. The Italian policy of mandating SARS-CoV-2 vaccination for healthcare workers: Analysis of the policy processes and preliminary outcomes. Health Policy 2023; 128:49-54. [PMID: 36414469 PMCID: PMC9673136 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Italy experienced the first outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Europe, and was among the most hardly hit European countries. Growing evidence suggests healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Infection in HCWs can lead to cross-transmission and increase community transmission. Italy was the first country in Europe to introduce mandatory vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 for HCWs, on April 1, 2021. AIM To describe the policy processes and preliminary results of the introduction of compulsory vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 for HCWs in Italy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In Italy, the adoption of the policy was possible in the context of the public health and economic crisis resulting from the pandemic, with support from the scientific community and among favorable political conditions. Preliminary data suggest the policy has so far had a positive impact on increasing vaccine uptake and lowering infection rates among HCWs. Hopefully, the lack of serious vaccine-related adverse events and the growing evidence on vaccine effectiveness will progressively strengthen vaccine confidence among HCWs. In the context of a global pandemic, the Italian experience could provide insight for policymakers in other countries considering similar policies. Further, the ethical, legal, and policy challenges raised by the current public health emergency could be used to inform future pandemic preparedness plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Vicentini
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Via Santena 5 bis, Turin 10126, Italy,Corresponding author
| | - Giacomo Garzaro
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Via Santena 5 bis, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Alessandro Roberto Cornio
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Via Santena 5 bis, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Davide Bosio
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Via Santena 5 bis, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Enrico Bergamaschi
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Via Santena 5 bis, Turin 10126, Italy
| | | | - Carla Maria Zotti
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Turin, Via Santena 5 bis, Turin 10126, Italy
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Myroniuk TW, Schatz E, Teti M, Hermsen JM. Undergraduate Vaccine Hesitancy and the Influence of "Home" Locales. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14370. [PMID: 36361261 PMCID: PMC9653726 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the US, the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed deeply rooted resistance to public health. This has important consequences for SARS-CoV-2 variant spread and for future uptake of influenza and other vaccines. We examine these phenomena in Missouri, where its low vaccination rates, high levels of uninsured residents, predominance of conservative values, and stark rural-urban divides are intricately connected to public health resistance. The Socio-Ecological model guides our approach. METHODS We use data from the Fall 2020 Midwestern University (MWU-a pseudonym) Study of Seropositivity and Risk for SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 which are harmonized with the American Community Survey, Missouri County-Level Study, and the USDA Rural-Urban Continuum Codes to estimate multi-level regression models on the relationship between undergraduate students' "home" locales and their own COVID-19 and influenza vaccine hesitancy. FINDINGS The availability of primary care physicians, the prevalence of influenza vaccinations, and location type at the county level, as well as the percentage of residents without health insurance at the zip code level differentially predict COVID-19 and influenza vaccine hesitancy. CONCLUSIONS There is a link between county-level health and geographic characteristics, and individuals'-who were influenced by those counties because that is where their parents live-hesitancy towards vaccines. Identifying feasible, precise, local solutions to reducing vaccine hesitancy could take place if community members and other stakeholders would be open to changes in local-level health policy or practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler W. Myroniuk
- Department of Public Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Enid Schatz
- Department of Public Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Michelle Teti
- Department of Public Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Joan M. Hermsen
- Department of Sociology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Mehta SN, Burger ZC, Meyers-Pantele SA, Garfein RS, Ortiz DO, Mudhar PK, Kothari SB, Kothari J, Meka M, Rodwell T. Knowledge, Attitude, Practices, and Vaccine Hesitancy Among the Latinx Community in Southern California Early in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-sectional Survey. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e38351. [PMID: 35925649 PMCID: PMC9359308 DOI: 10.2196/38351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Latinx population in the United States has experienced high rates of infection, hospitalization, and death since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. There is little data on the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) specifically in Latinx communities in the United States. Objective We aimed to assess COVID-19 KAP and vaccine hesitancy among a Latinx cohort in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic (from July 2020 to October 2020), at a unique time when a vaccine was not available. Methods Participants aged ≥18 years were recruited at a primary care clinic in Southern California and asked to self-report sociodemographic characteristics, KAP, and vaccine hesitancy. A subset of the participants answered the vaccine hesitancy assessment as it was added after the start of data collection. KAP items were summed to create composite scores, with higher scores reflecting increased COVID-19 knowledge, positive attitudes toward the COVID-19 pandemic, and disease prevention practices. Bivariate and multivariable regression models were fitted to test associations between sociodemographic characteristics and KAP scores. For our analysis, we only included patients who self-identified as Latinx. Results Our final data set included 265 participants. The participants had a mean age of 49 (IQR 38.5-59) years, and 72.1% (n=191) were female, 77% (n=204) had at most a high school degree, 34.7% (n=92) had an annual income <US $25,000, and 11.7% (n=31) had previously tested positive for COVID-19. We found high knowledge regarding transmission and spread; moderate knowledge regarding symptoms awareness; overall negative attitudes, which included high pessimism in government public health efforts and high amounts of fear, anxiety, and frustration due to COVID-19 pandemic; and moderate participation in preventive practices. A college education was positively associated with a higher knowledge score than those without a college education (β=0.14, 95% CI 0.01-1.60; P=.04) when adjusted for covariates. Male gender had a positive association with COVID-19 attitude scores compared to female gender (β=1.61, 95% CI 0.50-2.72; P=.05), and male gender was negatively associated with the COVID-19 practices score compared to female gender (β=–0.16, 95% CI –0.56 to –0.06; P=.03), when both were adjusted for covariates. Among a subset of 203 patients, 26.6% (n=54) indicated that if the vaccine was available, they would not take a COVID-19 vaccine, and 18.7% (n=38) were unsure. Conclusions Good knowledge and preventative practices in the population may have reflected effective public health messaging and the implementation of public health laws during the first wave of the pandemic; however, the overall fear and anxiety may have reflected the negative impact that the pandemic had on vulnerable populations such as the Latinx community. Although our data are a reflection of a previous time in the pandemic, we believe it captures a critical time that can be used to provide unique insights regarding potential avenues to better protect the Latinx communities against future vaccine-resistant COVID-19 strains. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/25265
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani N Mehta
- San Diego School Of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Amistad Medical Clinic, Santa Ana, CA, United States
| | - Zoe C Burger
- San Diego School Of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Richard S Garfein
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Dayanna O Ortiz
- San Diego School Of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Pavan K Mudhar
- Amistad Medical Clinic, Santa Ana, CA, United States
- Department of Audiology, Arizona School of Health Sciences, Mesa, AZ, United States
| | - Smit B Kothari
- Amistad Medical Clinic, Santa Ana, CA, United States
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Jigna Kothari
- Amistad Medical Clinic, Santa Ana, CA, United States
| | - Meena Meka
- Amistad Medical Clinic, Santa Ana, CA, United States
| | - Timothy Rodwell
- San Diego School Of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA, United States
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5
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Valente M, Dalmonte G, Riccò M, Prioriello C, Ballabeni L, Peruzzi S, Marchesi F. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices towards SARS-CoV-2 vaccination among morbid obese individuals: a pilot study. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2022; 93:e2022234. [PMID: 35775776 PMCID: PMC9335429 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v93i3.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Vaccinations have dramatically impacted on the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19, the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As morbid obese (MO) individuals are at high risk for severe complications, their acceptance of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is of certain public health interest. METHODS We investigated the knowledge, attitudes and eventual acceptance of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 vaccination among MO individuals either in waiting list, or recipients of bariatric surgery from a reference center (Parma University Hospital) shortly before the inception of the Italian mass vaccination campaign (March 2021). Data were collected through a web-based questionnaire. Association of individual factors with acceptance of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was assessed by means of a logistic regression analysis with eventual calculation of adjusted Odds Ratios (aOR) and corresponding 95% Confidence Intervals (95%CI). RESULTS Adequate, general knowledge of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 was found in the majority of MO patients. High perception of SARS-CoV-2 risk was found in around 80% of participants (79.2% regarding its occurrence, 73.6% regarding its potential severity). Acceptance of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 vaccination was reported by 65.3% of participants, and was more likely endorsed by MO patients who were likely to accept some sort of payment/copayment (aOR 5.783; 1.426; 23.456), or who were more likely towards a vaccination mandate (aOR 7.920; 1.995; 31.444). CONCLUSIONS Around one third of the MO individuals among potential recipient of bariatric surgery exhibited some significant hesitancy towards SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, and a rational approach may fail to capture and address specific barriers/motivators in this subset of individuals, stressing the importance for alternative interventions. (www.actabiomedica.it).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Valente
- University of Parma, Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of General Surgery, Parma (PR), Italy
| | - Giorgio Dalmonte
- University of Parma, Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of General Surgery, Parma (PR), Italy
| | - Matteo Riccò
- AUSL – IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Servizio di Prevenzione e Sicurezza negli ambienti di Lavoro (SPSAL), Reggio Emilia (RE), Italy
| | - Concetta Prioriello
- University of Parma, Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of General Surgery, Parma (PR), Italy
| | - Lucia Ballabeni
- University of Parma, Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of General Surgery, Parma (PR), Italy
| | - Simona Peruzzi
- AUSL – IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Laboratorio Analisi Chimico Cliniche e Microbiologiche, Ospedale Civile di Guastalla, Guastalla (RE), Italy
| | - Federico Marchesi
- University of Parma, Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of General Surgery, Parma (PR), Italy
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Ota MOC, Badur S, Romano-Mazzotti L, Friedland LR. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on routine immunization. Ann Med 2021; 53:2286-2297. [PMID: 34854789 PMCID: PMC8648038 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.2009128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The current COVID-19 global pandemic continues to impact healthcare services beyond those directly related to the management of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and disease. We reviewed the published literature to assess the pandemic impact on existing global immunization activities and how the impact may be addressed. Widespread global disruption in routine childhood immunization has impacted a majority of regions and countries, especially in the initial pandemic phases. While data indicate subsequent recovery in immunization rates, a substantial number of vulnerable people remain unvaccinated. The downstream impact may be even greater in resource-limited settings and economically poorer populations, and consequently there are growing concerns around the resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases, particularly measles. Guidance on how to address immunization deficits are available and continue to evolve, emphasizing the importance of maintaining and restoring routine immunization and necessary mass vaccination campaigns during and after pandemics. In this, collaboration between a broad range of stakeholders (governments, industry, healthcare decision-makers and frontline healthcare professionals) and clear communication and engagement with the public can help achieve these goals.Key messagesThe COVID-19 pandemic has a substantial impact on essential immunization activities.Disruption to mass vaccination campaigns increase risk of VPD resurgence.Catch-up campaigns are necessary to limit existing shortfalls in vaccine uptake.Guidance to mitigate these effects continues to evolve.
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Zona S, Partesotti S, Bergomi A, Rosafio C, Antodaro F, Esposito S. Anti-COVID Vaccination for Adolescents: A Survey on Determinants of Vaccine Parental Hesitancy. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111309. [PMID: 34835239 PMCID: PMC8618373 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy has been considered one of the most severe threats to global health, as it represents an obstacle to achieving adequate vaccination coverage. Recent research studies aimed at investigating the propensity for anti-COVID vaccination among adults have found a high prevalence of vaccine hesitancy, but few data are available on parental vaccine hesitancy. We therefore built an anonymous online survey to investigate the factors related to the vaccine hesitancy of parents of adolescents between 12 and 17 years of age, with a special focus on demographic factors and the domains of confidence and complacency. The online survey was conducted by using the Crowd Signal platform from 15 July to 16 August 2021, in Italy. A total of 1799 analyzable questionnaires were analyzed. Overall, Favorable and Doubtful parents declared a higher level of confidence on safety and efficacy of pediatric vaccines and on confidence in health institutions than Hesitant/Reluctant ones (p-values < 0.001). The univariate multinomial logistic regression analysis and the multivariate multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that the Hesitant/Reluctant parents were younger than 40 years of age, with a secondary-school or three-year degree, free-lance, with a family income below €28,000, with an erroneous perception of the risk of COVID-19 as disease and with fear of anti-COVID vaccination. These results, which should be confirmed in a larger population and in different geographical areas, should lead Institutions and stakeholders to identify targeted communication tools to improve trust in health institutions, especially by younger parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Zona
- Primary Health Care Department, Local Health Agency of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy; (S.P.); (S.E.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Simonetta Partesotti
- Primary Health Care Department, Local Health Agency of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy; (S.P.); (S.E.)
| | - Andrea Bergomi
- Primary Care Pediatricians, Local Health Agency of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy; (A.B.); (C.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Cristiano Rosafio
- Primary Care Pediatricians, Local Health Agency of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy; (A.B.); (C.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesco Antodaro
- Primary Care Pediatricians, Local Health Agency of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy; (A.B.); (C.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Primary Health Care Department, Local Health Agency of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy; (S.P.); (S.E.)
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
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Beran J, Špajdel M, Slíva J. Inosine Pranobex Deserves Attention as a Potential Immunomodulator to Achieve Early Alteration of the COVID-19 Disease Course. Viruses 2021; 13:2246. [PMID: 34835052 PMCID: PMC8619495 DOI: 10.3390/v13112246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its licensing in 1971, the synthetic compound inosine pranobex has been effectively combating viral infections, including herpes zoster, varicella, measles, and infections caused by the herpes simplex virus, human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and respiratory viruses. With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, new and existing drugs have been intensively evaluated for their potential as COVID-19 medication. Due to its potent immunomodulatory properties, inosine pranobex, an orally administered drug with pleiotropic effects, can, during early treatment, alter the course of the disease. We describe the action of inosine pranobex in the body and give an overview of existing evidence collected to support further efforts to study this drug in a rigorous clinical trial setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Beran
- Department for Tropical, Travel Medicine and Immunization, Institute of Postgraduate Health Education, 100 05 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Špajdel
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy and Arts, Trnava University, 918 43 Trnava, Slovakia;
| | - Jiří Slíva
- Department of Pharmacology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
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Odone A, Gianfredi V, Sorbello S, Capraro M, Frascella B, Vigezzi GP, Signorelli C. The Use of Digital Technologies to Support Vaccination Programmes in Europe: State of the Art and Best Practices from Experts' Interviews. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1126. [PMID: 34696234 PMCID: PMC8538238 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Digitalisation offers great potential to improve vaccine uptake, supporting the need for effective life-course immunisation services. We conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with public health experts from 10 Western European countries (Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, and the United Kingdom) to assess the current level of digitalisation in immunisation programmes and retrieve data on interventions and best practices. Interviews were performed using an ad hoc questionnaire, piloted on a sample of national experts. We report a mixed level of digital technologies deployment within vaccination services across Europe: Some countries are currently developing eHealth strategies, while others have already put in place robust programmes. Institutional websites, educational videos, and electronic immunisation records are the most frequently adopted digital tools. Webinars and dashboards represent valuable resources to train and support healthcare professionals in immunisation services organisation. Text messages, email-based communication, and smartphone apps use is scattered across Europe. The main reported barrier to the implementation of digital-based programmes is the lack of resources and shared standards. Our study offers a comprehensive picture of the European context and shows the need for robust collaboration between states and international institutions to share best practices and inform the planning of digital intervention models with the aim of countering vaccine hesitancy and increasing vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Odone
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Vincenza Gianfredi
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy; (V.G.); (M.C.); (B.F.); (G.P.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Sebastiano Sorbello
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Michele Capraro
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy; (V.G.); (M.C.); (B.F.); (G.P.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Beatrice Frascella
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy; (V.G.); (M.C.); (B.F.); (G.P.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Giacomo Pietro Vigezzi
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy; (V.G.); (M.C.); (B.F.); (G.P.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Carlo Signorelli
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy; (V.G.); (M.C.); (B.F.); (G.P.V.); (C.S.)
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Domnich A, Grassi R, Fallani E, Spurio A, Bruzzone B, Panatto D, Marozzi B, Cambiaggi M, Vasco A, Orsi A, Icardi G. Changes in Attitudes and Beliefs Concerning Vaccination and Influenza Vaccines between the First and Second COVID-19 Pandemic Waves: A Longitudinal Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1016. [PMID: 34579253 PMCID: PMC8470379 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9091016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Perceptions of the risks of vaccine-preventable diseases and preventive behaviors change over time. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic may have modified laypeople's attitudes towards routine vaccinations. In this longitudinal study, we aimed to assess changes in attitudes and beliefs concerning (influenza) vaccines between the first and second COVID-19 pandemic waves. A total of 1979 participants completed both 2020 and 2021 surveys. After one year, more interviewees agreed that vaccines were fundamental and should be mandatory (77.3% vs. 75.0%). Analogously, willingness to undergo influenza vaccination increased (p < 0.001) from 44.1% to 48.6%. This increase was seen in subjects aged ≥35 years. Previous influenza vaccinations, receipt of a COVID-19 vaccine, positive attitudes towards (influenza) vaccination, male sex, and older age were the main correlates of willingness to receive the 2021/22 influenza vaccine. Totals of 12.6% and 11.8% had no intention to receive the next seasonal influenza and COVID-19 vaccines, respectively. Most respondents favored a hypothetical combined influenza/COVID-19 vaccine (73.7%) or influenza and COVID-19 vaccine co-administration (67.5%). In Italy, influenza and COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy and refusal are common. Effective public health strategies to pursue higher uptake of both vaccines are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Domnich
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (B.B.); (A.O.); (G.I.)
| | | | - Elettra Fallani
- Seqirus S.R.L., 53035 Monteriggioni, Italy; (E.F.); (M.C.); (A.V.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alida Spurio
- SWG S.p.A., 34133 Trieste, Italy; (R.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Bianca Bruzzone
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (B.B.); (A.O.); (G.I.)
| | - Donatella Panatto
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Barbara Marozzi
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Genoa, 16126 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Maura Cambiaggi
- Seqirus S.R.L., 53035 Monteriggioni, Italy; (E.F.); (M.C.); (A.V.)
| | - Alessandro Vasco
- Seqirus S.R.L., 53035 Monteriggioni, Italy; (E.F.); (M.C.); (A.V.)
| | - Andrea Orsi
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (B.B.); (A.O.); (G.I.)
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Giancarlo Icardi
- Hygiene Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (B.B.); (A.O.); (G.I.)
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
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Gianfredi V, Pennisi F, Lume A, Ricciardi GE, Minerva M, Riccò M, Odone A, Signorelli C. Challenges and Opportunities of Mass Vaccination Centers in COVID-19 Times: A Rapid Review of Literature. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:574. [PMID: 34205891 PMCID: PMC8230199 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A mass vaccination center is a location, normally used for nonhealthcare activities, set up for high-volume and high-speed vaccinations during infectious disease emergencies. The high contagiousness and mortality of COVID-19 and the complete lack of population immunity posed an extraordinary threat for global health. The aim of our research was to collect and review previous experiences on mass vaccination centers. On 4 April 2021, we developed a rapid review searching four electronic databases: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, Google Scholar and medRxiv. From a total of 2312 papers, 15 of them were included in the current review. Among them, only one article described a COVID-19 vaccination center; all of the others referred to other vaccinations, in particular influenza. The majority were conducted in the United States, and were simulations or single-day experiences to practice a mass vaccination after bioterrorist attacks. Indeed, all of them were published after September 11 attacks. Regarding staff, timing and performance, the data were highly heterogenous. Several studies used as a model the Center for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines. Results highlighted the differences around the definition, layout and management of a mass vaccination center, but some aspects can be considered as a core aspect. In light of this, we suggested a potential definition. The current review answers to the urgency of organizing a mass vaccination center during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the most important organizational aspects that should be considered in the planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Gianfredi
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.P.); (A.L.); (G.E.R.); (M.M.); (C.S.)
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, 6211 Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Flavia Pennisi
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.P.); (A.L.); (G.E.R.); (M.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Alessandra Lume
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.P.); (A.L.); (G.E.R.); (M.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Giovanni Emanuele Ricciardi
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.P.); (A.L.); (G.E.R.); (M.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Massimo Minerva
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.P.); (A.L.); (G.E.R.); (M.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Matteo Riccò
- AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Servizio di Prevenzione e Sicurezza Negli Ambienti di Lavoro (SPSAL), Via Amendola n.2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Anna Odone
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Carlo Signorelli
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.P.); (A.L.); (G.E.R.); (M.M.); (C.S.)
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12
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Trabucco Aurilio M, Mennini FS, Gazzillo S, Massini L, Bolcato M, Feola A, Ferrari C, Coppeta L. Intention to Be Vaccinated for COVID-19 among Italian Nurses during the Pandemic. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050500. [PMID: 34066068 PMCID: PMC8151959 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the COVID-19 pandemic has spread globally, health systems are overwhelmed by both direct and indirect mortality from other treatable conditions. COVID-19 vaccination was crucial to preventing and eliminating the disease, so vaccine development for COVID-19 was fast-tracked worldwide. Despite the fact that vaccination is commonly recognized as the most effective approach, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), vaccine hesitancy is a global health issue. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional online survey of nurses in four different regions in Italy between 20 and 28 December 2020 to obtain data on the acceptance of the upcoming COVID-19 vaccination in order to plan specific interventions to increase the rate of vaccine coverage. RESULTS A total of 531 out of the 5000 nurses invited completed the online questionnaire. Most of the nurses enrolled in the study (73.4%) were female. Among the nurses, 91.5% intended to accept vaccination, whereas 2.3% were opposed and 6.2% were undecided. Female sex and confidence in vaccine efficacy represent the main predictors of vaccine intention among the study population using a logistic regression model, while other factors including vaccine safety concerns (side effects) were non-significant. CONCLUSIONS Despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine, intention to be vaccinated was suboptimal among nurses in our sample. We also found a significant number of people undecided as to whether to accept the vaccine. Contrary to expectations, concerns about the safety of the vaccine were not found to affect the acceptance rate; nurses' perception of vaccine efficacy and female sex were the main influencing factors on attitudes toward vaccination in our sample. Since the success of the COVID-19 immunization plan depends on the uptake rate, these findings are of great interest for public health policies. Interventions aimed at increasing employee awareness of vaccination efficacy should be promoted among nurses in order to increase the number of vaccinated people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Trabucco Aurilio
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.T.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Francesco Saverio Mennini
- EEHTA-CEIS, DEF Department, Faculty of Economics, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.S.M.); (S.G.)
- Institute for Leadership and Management in Health, Kingston University, London KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Simone Gazzillo
- EEHTA-CEIS, DEF Department, Faculty of Economics, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.S.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Laura Massini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (M.T.A.); (L.M.)
| | - Matteo Bolcato
- Legal Medicine, University of Padua, Via G. Falloppio 50, 35121 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-9941096
| | - Alessandro Feola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Luciano Armanni 5, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Cristiana Ferrari
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (L.C.)
| | - Luca Coppeta
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (L.C.)
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Maude RR, Jongdeepaisal M, Skuntaniyom S, Muntajit T, Blacksell SD, Khuenpetch W, Pan-Ngum W, Taleangkaphan K, Malathum K, Maude RJ. Improving knowledge, attitudes and practice to prevent COVID-19 transmission in healthcare workers and the public in Thailand. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:749. [PMID: 33865342 PMCID: PMC8053080 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10768-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Key infection prevention and control measures to limit transmission of COVID-19 include social distancing, hand hygiene, use of facemasks and personal protective equipment. However, these have limited or no impact if not applied correctly through lack of knowledge, inappropriate attitude or incorrect practice. In order to maximise the impact of infection prevention and control measures on COVID-19 spread, we undertook a study to assess and improve knowledge, attitudes and practice among 119 healthcare workers and 100 general public in Thailand. The study setting was two inpatient hospitals providing COVID-19 testing and treatment. Detailed information on knowledge, attitudes and practice among the general public and healthcare workers regarding COVID-19 transmission and its prevention were obtained from a combination of questionnaires and observations. Results Knowledge of the main transmission routes, commonest symptoms and recommended prevention methods was mostly very high (> 80%) in both groups. There was lower awareness of aerosols, food and drink and pets as sources of transmission; of the correct duration for handwashing; recommended distance for social/physical distancing; and about recommended types of face coverings. Information sources most used and most trusted were the workplace, work colleagues, health workers and television. The results were used to produce a set of targeted educational videos which addressed many of these gaps with subsequent improvements on retesting in a number of areas. This included improvements in handwashing practice with an increase in the number of areas correctly washed in 65.5% of the public, and 57.9% of healthcare workers. The videos were then further optimized with feedback from participants followed by another round of retesting. Conclusions Detailed information on gaps in knowledge, attitudes and practice among the general public and healthcare workers regarding COVID-19 transmission and its prevention were obtained from a combination of questionnaires and observations. This was used to produce targeted educational videos which addressed these gaps with subsequent improvements on retesting. The resulting videos were then disseminated as a resource to aid in efforts to fight COVID-19 in Thailand and worldwide. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10768-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rapeephan R Maude
- Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Monnaphat Jongdeepaisal
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Thanomvong Muntajit
- Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Stuart D Blacksell
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Worarat Khuenpetch
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wirichada Pan-Ngum
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Keetakarn Taleangkaphan
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kumtorn Malathum
- Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Richard James Maude
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, USA.,The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
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14
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Gerussi V, Peghin M, Palese A, Bressan V, Visintini E, Bontempo G, Graziano E, De Martino M, Isola M, Tascini C. Vaccine Hesitancy among Italian Patients Recovered from COVID-19 Infection towards Influenza and Sars-Cov-2 Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:172. [PMID: 33670661 PMCID: PMC7922251 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to assess the attitude towards influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccinations among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recovered patients. We performed a cross-sectional study consisting of a standardized telephone interview carried out between September and November 2020 targeting a cohort of adult in- and out-patients that had recovered from COVID-19 after the first wave (March-May 2020) at Udine Hospital (Italy). Overall, 599 people participated (320 female, median age 53 years) and most had experienced an acute COVID-19 with mild illness (409, 68.3%). The majority were hesitant or undecided towards influenza (327, 54.6%) and SARS-CoV-2 (353, 59.2%) vaccines. Older age, public work exposure, and previous 2019 flu shots were the main factors associated with a positive attitude toward both vaccinations (p < 0.05). Being hospitalized during the acute COVID-19 phase was associated with the willingness to get a flu shot (94/272, 34.5%) but not SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (70/244, 28.7%). Vaccine hesitancy is diffuse and multifactorial also among COVID-19 recovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gerussi
- Infectious Diseases Division, Santa Maria Misericordia University Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy; (V.G.); (G.B.); (E.G.); (C.T.)
| | - Maddalena Peghin
- Infectious Diseases Division, Santa Maria Misericordia University Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy; (V.G.); (G.B.); (E.G.); (C.T.)
| | - Alvisa Palese
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (A.P.); (V.B.); (E.V.)
| | - Valentina Bressan
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (A.P.); (V.B.); (E.V.)
| | - Erica Visintini
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (A.P.); (V.B.); (E.V.)
| | - Giulia Bontempo
- Infectious Diseases Division, Santa Maria Misericordia University Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy; (V.G.); (G.B.); (E.G.); (C.T.)
| | - Elena Graziano
- Infectious Diseases Division, Santa Maria Misericordia University Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy; (V.G.); (G.B.); (E.G.); (C.T.)
| | - Maria De Martino
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.I.)
| | - Miriam Isola
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.I.)
| | - Carlo Tascini
- Infectious Diseases Division, Santa Maria Misericordia University Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy; (V.G.); (G.B.); (E.G.); (C.T.)
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Franchini M, Pieroni S, Martini N, Ripoli A, Chiappino D, Denoth F, Liebman MN, Molinaro S, Della Latta D. Shifting the Paradigm: The Dress-COV Telegram Bot as a Tool for Participatory Medicine. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8786. [PMID: 33256160 PMCID: PMC7729623 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic management is limited by great uncertainty, for both health systems and citizens. Facing this information gap requires a paradigm shift from traditional approaches to healthcare to the participatory model of improving health. This work describes the design and function of the Doing Risk sElf-assessment and Social health Support for COVID (Dress-COV) system. It aims to establish a lasting link between the user and the tool; thus, enabling modeling of the data to assess individual risk of infection, or developing complications, to improve the individual's self-empowerment. The system uses bot technology of the Telegram application. The risk assessment includes the collection of user responses and the modeling of data by machine learning models, with increasing appropriateness based on the number of users who join the system. The main results reflect: (a) the individual's compliance with the tool; (b) the security and versatility of the architecture; (c) support and promotion of self-management of behavior to accommodate surveillance system delays; (d) the potential to support territorial health providers, e.g., the daily efforts of general practitioners (during this pandemic, as well as in their routine practices). These results are unique to Dress-COV and distinguish our system from classical surveillance applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Franchini
- Data Learn Lab, Institute of Clinical Physiology of the National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.F.); (F.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Stefania Pieroni
- Data Learn Lab, Institute of Clinical Physiology of the National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.F.); (F.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Nicola Martini
- Data Learn Lab, Gabriele Monasterio Foundation, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (N.M.); (A.R.); (D.C.); (D.D.L.)
| | - Andrea Ripoli
- Data Learn Lab, Gabriele Monasterio Foundation, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (N.M.); (A.R.); (D.C.); (D.D.L.)
| | - Dante Chiappino
- Data Learn Lab, Gabriele Monasterio Foundation, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (N.M.); (A.R.); (D.C.); (D.D.L.)
| | - Francesca Denoth
- Data Learn Lab, Institute of Clinical Physiology of the National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.F.); (F.D.); (S.M.)
| | | | - Sabrina Molinaro
- Data Learn Lab, Institute of Clinical Physiology of the National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.F.); (F.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Daniele Della Latta
- Data Learn Lab, Gabriele Monasterio Foundation, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (N.M.); (A.R.); (D.C.); (D.D.L.)
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