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Chiaradia E, Pepe M, Sassi P, Mohren R, Orvietani PL, Paolantoni M, Tognoloni A, Sforna M, Eveque M, Tombolesi N, Cillero-Pastor B. Comparative label-free proteomic analysis of equine osteochondrotic chondrocytes. J Proteomics 2020; 228:103927. [PMID: 32768606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteochondrosis is a developmental orthopedic disease affecting growing cartilage in young horses. In this study we compared the proteomes of equine chondrocytes obtained from healthy and osteochondrotic cartilage using a label-free mass spectrometry approach. Quantitative changes of some proteins selected for their involvement in different functional pathways highlighted by the bioinformatics analysis, were validated by western blotting, while biochemical alterations of extracellular matrix were confirmed via Raman spectroscopy analysis. In total 1637 proteins were identified, of which 59 were differentially abundant. Overall, the results highlighted differentially represented proteins involved in metabolic and functional pathways that may be related to the failure of the endochondral ossification process occurring in osteochondrosis. In particular, we identified proteins involved in extracellular matrix degradation and organization, vitamin metabolism, osteoblast differentiation, apoptosis, protein folding and localization, signalling and gene expression modulation and lysosomal activities. These results provide valuable new insights to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with the development and progression of osteochondrosis. SIGNIFICANCE: Osteochondrosis is a common articular disorder in young horses mainly due to defects in endochondral ossification. The pathogenesis of osteochondrosis is still poorly understood and only a limited number of proteomic studies have been conducted. This study provides a comprehensive characterization of proteomic alterations occurring in equine osteochondrotic chondrocytes, the only resident cell type that modulates differentiation and maturation of articular cartilage. The results evidenced alterations in abundance of proteins involved in functional and metabolic pathways and in extracellular matrix remodelling. These findings could help clarify some molecular aspects of osteochondrosis and open new fields of research for elucidating the pathogenesis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Chiaradia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Marco Pepe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Paola Sassi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ronny Mohren
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Pier Luigi Orvietani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, via Gambuli, 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Paolantoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessia Tognoloni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Monica Sforna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maxime Eveque
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Niki Tombolesi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Berta Cillero-Pastor
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
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Grez-Capdeville M, Gross N, Baker JC, Shutter JA, Haas AR, Wilson ME, Crenshaw TD. Alleged predisposing dietary factors fail to increase the incidence of osteochondrosis-like lesions in growing pigs at 14 and 24 wk of age. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skaa103. [PMID: 32249288 PMCID: PMC7185024 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Early lesions of osteochondrosis (OC) are exhibited by regions of cartilage retention along the growth plate and articular cartilage. Progression of OC lesions may impair locomotion and necessitate euthanasia in adherence to animal welfare guides. Little is known about the role of nutrition in the initiation and early stages of OC. However, dietary components are commonly implicated as predisposing factors. In this study, diets were altered as an attempt to induce early stage OC lesions under controlled conditions. At 8 wk of age, 96 crossbred gilts (body weight [BW] = 17.4 ± 0.18 kg) were randomly assigned to one of four corn-soybean meal-based diets (four pens per diet, six pigs per pen) to assess diet effects on the number and volume of OC lesions in the distal femur. Diets included a non-pelleted control diet (Ctl); Ctl plus 20% glucose (Glc); the Ctl with increased concentrations of lysine, Ca, and P (+CaP); and the +CaP diet in a pelleted form (PEL). Femurs were collected from pigs euthanized at either 14-wk (Wk 14) or 24-wk (Wk 14) of age for assessments of OC lesions. Based on a mixed model analysis with pen as the experimental unit, dietary treatments did not affect final BW (129.3 ± 3.8 kg) or average daily gain (ADG) (1.00 ± 0.03 kg/d) over the trial. As expected, pigs fed PEL and Glc diets were more efficient (P < 0.05) in feed conversion compared with Ctl and +CaP. Using femurs as the experimental unit at Wk 14 (collected from two of the six pigs per pen), bone mineral content, determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans, was greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed +CaP and PEL than Ctl or Glc diets; however, only +CaP group differed (P < 0.05) at Wk 24 (collected from four pigs per pen). Computed tomography (CT) scans of femurs were reconstructed as three-dimensional images to allow detection of the number, volume, and surface area of lesions in distal growth plates. At Wk 14, pigs fed Ctl had fewer number of lesions (P < 0.05); however, no differences were detected among dietary treatments in lesion volume or lesion surface area. Pigs had fewer lesions at Wk 24 than Wk 14; however, differences were not detected among dietary treatments. At Wk 24, pigs fed Ctl diets had the greatest lesion volume among dietary treatments (P < 0.05). In conclusion, none of the pigs exhibited symptoms of lameness regardless of dietary treatment or OC lesion traits. Diet modifications due to pelleting or inclusion of rapidly digestible ingredients, such as glucose, did not increase prevalence or size of OC lesions. Image analysis of CT scans was a reliable method to quantify the number, size, and location of OC lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Gross
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Joni C Baker
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Jennifer A Shutter
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Amanda R Haas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | | | - Thomas D Crenshaw
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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Fabà L, Gasa J, Tokach MD, Font-i-Furnols M, Vilarrasa E, Solà-Oriol D. Effects of additional organic micro-minerals and methionine on carcass composition, gait score, bone characteristics, and osteochondrosis in replacement gilts of different growth rate. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Fabà L, Gasa J, Tokach MD, Varella E, Solà-Oriol D. Effects of supplementing organic microminerals and methionine with or without limiting growth during the rearing phase of replacement gilts on lameness, growth, and body composition. Transl Anim Sci 2019; 3:717-730. [PMID: 32704839 PMCID: PMC7200949 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txz038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research suggested that lameness in growing pigs could be reduced using feeding strategies, such as limiting growth rate and supplementing trace minerals (TM) and (or) methionine (Met). The present study evaluates effects of 1) TM and Met and 2) limiting total lysine (Lys) during the rearing phase (90 d) of gilts (as a means to limit growth rate) on lameness, performance, and sow claw health and productivity (to first parity). Gilts (n = 240; 58.0 ± 11.1 kg body weight [BW]) were blocked, distributed into pens of 10 gilts, and pens were allocated to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Factors were: 1) control or TM plus Met, which provided additional 10, 20, and 50 mg/kg of chelated copper, manganese, and zinc, respectively (0.1%, Aplomotec Plus, Tecnología & Vitaminas, S.L.; Alforja, Spain), and a 1.01 Met:Lys ratio and 2) standard Lys was formulated to meet growth requirements or low Lys to 19% below growth requirements. Feeding was provided through two phases, first between 119 and 163 d of age (phase I) and the second between 163 and 209 d of age (phase II). Diets had 2.43 and 2.31 Mcal net energy/kg for phases I and II, respectively, and were offered ad libitum. Low Lys did not affect feed intake but rather reduced average daily gain (ADG) by 6.35% and the final BW by 3.80% compared with standard Lys (P < 0.001). Low Lys reduced ADG (P < 0.001) and gain:feed (P = 0.012) during phase I but not during phase II. Lameness prevalence was 7.92% during rearing and increased with time (P < 0.001). Final BW (151 kg) and ADG (989 g) were similar (P > 0.05) whether gilts displayed lameness or not. Lameness was low in severity and not affected by dietary factors. However, TM- plus Met-fed gilts were 19.2 kg heavier (P = 0.016) than were control at lameness detection. On the sow farm, there was no evidence for differences in lameness or claw lesions among previous dietary treatments. In conclusion, lameness prevalence during the rearing phase was similar, independent of TM plus Met supplement, low Lys, or the interaction. Insufficient reduction of ADG and low severity in lameness may have limited the potential of dietary treatments. Moreover, a greater deficiency of Lys would be needed to achieve the degree of growth reduction previously reported to lessen lameness through feed restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Fabà
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Josep Gasa
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mike D Tokach
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | | | - David Solà-Oriol
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Fabà L, Gasa J, Tokach MD, Varella E, Solà-Oriol D. Effects of supplementing organic microminerals and methionine during the rearing phase of replacement gilts on lameness, growth, and body composition. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:3274-3287. [PMID: 29767794 PMCID: PMC6095335 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lameness is a primary reason for culling and mortality within a sow herd. This study evaluated the impact of feeding organic trace minerals and methionine (Met) to growing gilts (134 d) on lameness, performance, body composition and claw health (to first parity), productivity (to second parity), and reproductive performance through 2 parities. Young gilts (28.8 ± 8.8 kg of body weight [BW], n = 360) were BW blocked (10 gilts/pen) and randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments: control (CON, basal diet); CON plus organic minerals (MIN, at 10, 20, and 50 mg/kg of Cu, Mn, and Zn, respectively; Aplomotec Plus, Tecnología & Vitaminas, S.L, Alforja, Spain); additional Met (MET, at 102% Met: Lys); and MET plus MIN (MM). Feed was provided ad libitum. Lameness, BW, and body composition were measured 7 times during rearing, at gilt service, day 109 of gestation, and first weaning. Gilts fed the MM diet had lower average daily feed intake (5.1%) and final BW (2.1%) than CON gilts (P < 0.05), whereas MIN and MET were intermediate and not different from each other. Similarly, final backfat (BF) was greatest in CON (P < 0.05), whereas CON and MIN increased final loin depth compared with MM (P < 0.05) with MET not being different. During rearing, 7.7% of all gilts presented lameness, which appeared between 106.8 and 129.7 kg BW confidence interval. Gilts that had been or were lame had reduced BW and average daily gain compared with never lame gilts (P < 0.05). Lameness during rearing was highest (P < 0.01) in gilts fed CON diet (14.8%), with no differences amongst MIN (2.0%), MET (5.3%), or MM (6.5%). In the sow herd, 21% of sows showed lameness and 24% of those were associated with claw lesions. At weaning, gilts fed CON diet had highest (P < 0.01) prevalence of lameness (20.8%) with no differences amongst MIN (6.5%), MET (11.1%), or MM (7.6%). Over the first 2 parities, 27.3% of gilts were culled. On farm, lameness was associated with 0.7 more stillborn piglets (P < 0.10), 1 mm more BF loss in first lactation (P < 0.05), and increased weaning-to-estrus by 3 d (P < 0.05). In conclusion, lameness during rearing was decreased by supplementing organic trace minerals, methionine, and their combination, which also reduced lameness during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Fabà
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Josep Gasa
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mike D Tokach
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | | | - David Solà-Oriol
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Tóth F, Torrison JL, Harper L, Bussieres D, Wilson ME, Crenshaw TD, Carlson CS. Osteochondrosis prevalence and severity at 12 and 24 weeks of age in commercial pigs with and without organic-complexed trace mineral supplementation. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:3817-3825. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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McCoy AM, Toth F, Dolvik NI, Ekman S, Ellermann J, Olstad K, Ytrehus B, Carlson CS. Articular osteochondrosis: a comparison of naturally-occurring human and animal disease. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:1638-47. [PMID: 23954774 PMCID: PMC3815567 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteochondrosis (OC) is a common developmental orthopedic disease affecting both humans and animals. Despite increasing recognition of this disease among children and adolescents, its pathogenesis is incompletely understood because clinical signs are often not apparent until lesions have progressed to end-stage, and examination of cadaveric early lesions is not feasible. In contrast, both naturally-occurring and surgically-induced animal models of disease have been extensively studied, most notably in horses and swine, species in which OC is recognized to have profound health and economic implications. The potential for a translational model of human OC has not been recognized in the existing human literature. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review is to highlight the similarities in signalment, predilection sites and clinical presentation of naturally-occurring OC in humans and animals and to propose a common pathogenesis for this condition across species. STUDY DESIGN Review. METHODS The published human and veterinary literature for the various manifestations of OC was reviewed. Peer-reviewed original scientific articles and species-specific review articles accessible in PubMed (US National Library of Medicine) were eligible for inclusion. RESULTS A broad range of similarities exists between OC affecting humans and animals, including predilection sites, clinical presentation, radiographic/MRI changes, and histological appearance of the end-stage lesion, suggesting a shared pathogenesis across species. CONCLUSION This proposed shared pathogenesis for OC between species implies that naturally-occurring and surgically-induced models of OC in animals may be useful in determining risk factors and for testing new diagnostic and therapeutic interventions that can be used in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette M McCoy
- Diplomate American College of Veterinary Surgeons; Postdoctoral Fellow, Veterinary Population Medicine Department, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;
| | - Ferenc Toth
- Diplomate American College of Veterinary Surgeons; Postdoctoral Fellow, Veterinary Population Medicine Department, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA;
| | - Nils I Dolvik
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Equine Section, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway;
| | - Stina Ekman
- Department of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Division of Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Jutta Ellermann
- Department of Radiology, The Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA;
| | - Kristin Olstad
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Equine Section, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway;
| | - Bjornar Ytrehus
- Section for Wildlife Diseases, Division of Pathology, National Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway;
| | - Cathy S Carlson
- Diplomate American College of Veterinary Pathologists; Professor, Veterinary Population Medicine Department, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA;
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Pallauf J, Kauer C, Most E, Habicht SD, Moch J. Impact of dietary manganese concentration on status criteria to determine manganese requirement in piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2011; 96:993-1002. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2011.01213.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Germscheid NM, Thornton GM, Hart DA, Hildebrand KA. A biomechanical assessment to evaluate breed differences in normal porcine medial collateral ligaments. J Biomech 2011; 44:725-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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