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Bhanpattanakul S, Tharasanit T, Buranapraditkun S, Sailasuta A, Nakagawa T, Kaewamatawong T. Modulation of MHC expression by interferon-gamma and its influence on PBMC-mediated cytotoxicity in canine mast cell tumour cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17837. [PMID: 39090190 PMCID: PMC11294481 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68789-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a promising alternative treatment for canine mast cell tumour (MCT). However, evasion of immune recognition by downregulating major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules might decline treatment efficiency. Enhancing MHC expression through interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is crucial for effective immunotherapy. In-house and reference canine MCT cell lines derived from different tissue origins were used. The impacts of IFN-γ treatment on cell viability, expression levels of MHC molecules, as well as cell apoptosis were evaluated through the MTT assay, RT-qPCR and flow cytometry. The results revealed that IFN-γ treatment significantly influenced the viability of canine MCT cell lines, with varying responses observed among different cell lines. Notably, IFN-γ treatment increased the expression of MHC I and MHC II, potentially enhancing immune recognition and MCT cell clearance. Flow cytometry analysis in PBMCs-mediated cytotoxicity assays showed no significant differences in overall apoptosis between IFN-γ treated and untreated canine MCT cell lines across various target-to-effector ratios. However, a trend towards higher percentages of late and total apoptotic cells was observed in the IFN-γ treated C18 and CMMC cell lines, but not in the VIMC and CoMS cell lines. These results indicate a variable response to IFN-γ treatment among different canine MCT cell lines. In summary, our study suggests IFN-γ's potential therapeutic role in enhancing immune recognition and clearance of MCT cells by upregulating MHC expression and possibly promoting apoptosis, despite variable responses across different cell lines. Further investigations are necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and evaluate IFN-γ's efficacy in in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudchaya Bhanpattanakul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Theerawat Tharasanit
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Veterinary Clinical Stem Cells and Bioengineering Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supranee Buranapraditkun
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Thai Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Immunology (TPGHAI), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Achariya Sailasuta
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Theerayuth Kaewamatawong
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer (CE-CAC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Lux CN, Sula MJM, Sun X, Hecht S. Gadoxetate disodium (Gd-EOB-DTPA) contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for differentiation between benign and malignant splenic lesions in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2024. [PMID: 38899373 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant splenic lesions in dogs are common, with hemangiosarcoma diagnosed most frequently, and there have been no consistent clinicopathologic, gross, or imaging characteristics identified that differentiate malignant from benign splenic lesions. Histopathology is required for definitive diagnosis, and given the poor long-term prognosis of malignant splenic lesions, a noninvasive tool to aid in diagnosis would be valuable. This prospective cohort study utilized gadoxetate disodium, a liver-specific contrast agent (Gd-EOB-DPTA; Eovist), to identify the general lesion and pre- and postcontrast signal characteristics of benign and malignant splenic and hepatic lesions in dogs with naturally occurring disease. Twenty-five dogs were enrolled, Eovist-enhanced MRI was performed, and dogs were taken to surgery for splenectomy and other organ biopsy. All histopathology and MRI studies were evaluated by a single pathologist and a single radiologist, respectively. The associations between the tumor type and numerous variables defined on MRI were evaluated using Fisher's exact tests, and the significance was identified at a P-value of .05. Malignant splenic masses were identified in 11/25 (44%) dogs, and 5/11 malignancies represented hemangiosarcoma. The presence of abdominal effusion (P = .017) and the presence of hepatic nodules on MRI (P = .009) were associated with splenic malignancy. There were no benign T2 hyperintense and no malignant T2 hypointense lesions (P = .021). Utilization of the T2 W MRI sequence may aid in the identification of malignant splenic lesions, particularly when accompanied by abdominal effusion and hepatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie N Lux
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mee-Ja M Sula
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Services, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
- Charles River Laboratories, Mattawan, Michigan, USA
| | - Xiaocun Sun
- Office of Innovative Technologies, Research Computing Support, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Silke Hecht
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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3
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Kingsbury E, Odatzoglou P, Peschard AL, Wong H, Elders R. Intracranial invasion of a mast cell tumour in a dog: A case report and review of the literature. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1402. [PMID: 38450948 PMCID: PMC10918976 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
An 11-year-old, female-neutered beagle was presented with a growing soft tissue mass arising within the deep tissues of the left cranial cervical region. At presentation, facial asymmetry was evident along with palpable lymphadenomegaly. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a locally invasive cervical mass with intracranial invasion through focal osteolysis of the occipital bone. After antihistamine administration, cytology confirmed mast cell tumour (MCT) with metastasis to local lymph nodes and liver. The owner chose to pursue lomustine and prednisolone, which were dispensed, but, before home administration, prolonged seizures/status epilepticus occurred prompting euthanasia. Postmortem examination confirmed a high-grade MCT associated with, and infiltrating through, muscle, calvarium, dura mata, leptomeninges and the underlying brain. We present the clinical, imaging, and pathological findings of an unprecedented case of extracranial MCT tumour causing osteolysis of an imperforate flat bone (occipital bone) and intracranial invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Kingsbury
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCambridgeshireUK
| | - Petros Odatzoglou
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCambridgeshireUK
| | - A. L. Peschard
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCambridgeshireUK
| | - Hannah Wong
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCambridgeshireUK
| | - Richard Elders
- Department of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCambridgeshireUK
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Palić J, Heier A, Acke E, Hergt F, Turba ME. Case of mastocytemia and systemic mastocytosis in a dog: ProCyte Dx and Sysmex XT-2000i scattergram findings, morphologic features, and c-kit somatic mutation analysis. Vet Clin Pathol 2023. [PMID: 36609791 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A 10-year-old female Golden Retriever was presented for a recheck after the complete removal of low-grade complex mammary carcinoma. The in-house ProCyte Dx automated counts revealed moderate regenerative anemia and moderate eosinophilia. The ProCyte Dx WBC scattergram showed a cloud in an unusual place parallel and to the right of the monocyte dot plot location. Cells were classified as either monocytes or neutrophils with no clear separation. Complete blood count analysis performed in the laboratory on a Sysmex XT-2000iV analyzer showed moderate regenerative anemia and WBC count within RI; a differential count was not provided by the instrument. On the Sysmex XT-2000iV DIFF scattergram, neutrophil and eosinophil dot plots were present at the respective locations and appeared separated, but the instrument did not provide numerical results. In addition to the normal lymphocyte dot plot location, the second cloud of cells classified as lymphocytes was displayed to the right of the monocyte dot plot area. On the WBC/BASO scattergram, the second population of cells was present above and to the right of the leukocyte cluster. Morphologic assessment of the blood smear detected mastocytemia with 16% poorly granulated and degranulated mast cells. FNAs from the liver and spleen contained large aggregates of poorly granulated mast cells. C-kit somatic mutation screening detected the presence of point mutation S479I in exon 9 of the canine c-KIT gene. This is the first description of abnormal scattergrams from ProCyte Dx and Sysmex XT-2000iV analyzers in a dog with concurrent mastocytemia and systemic mastocytosis, and where cytologic assessments of a blood smear, liver, and spleen, and c-kit somatic mutation analysis were performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Palić
- Vet Med Labor GmbH Division of IDEXX Laboratories, Kornwestheim, Germany
| | - Annabelle Heier
- Vet Med Labor GmbH Division of IDEXX Laboratories, Kornwestheim, Germany
| | - Els Acke
- Vet Med Labor GmbH Division of IDEXX Laboratories, Kornwestheim, Germany
| | - Franziska Hergt
- Vet Med Labor GmbH Division of IDEXX Laboratories, Kornwestheim, Germany
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Akiyoshi M, Hisasue M, Asakawa MG, Neo S, Akiyoshi M. Hepatosplenic lymphoma and visceral mast cell tumor in the liver of a dog with synchronous and multiple primary tumors. Vet Clin Pathol 2022; 51:414-421. [PMID: 35909229 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An 11-year-old spayed female American Cocker Spaniel was presented with a 4-week history of anorexia and a 1-week history of abdominal distension. Clinicopathologic and imaging abnormalities included intra-abdominal hemorrhage, granular lymphocytes (GLs) in abdominal fluid smears, a splenic mass, and hepatomegaly with diffuse multiple hypoechogenic nodules. Based on the cytologic, histologic, and immunohistochemical evaluation of the spleen and liver, the diagnosis was hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTCL) of GLs. Postoperatively, the dog was maintained in good condition with chemotherapy (ACNU [nimustine], L-asparaginase, and prednisolone). However, on day 85, ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of the liver revealed a proliferation in neoplastic mast cells not associated with the GLs. The dog was diagnosed with a visceral mast cell tumor (MCT) originating from the liver. The chemotherapy was switched to vinblastine and toceranib. The dog remained in good condition until day 141 but died due to the progression of MCT on day 158. Liver cytology on day 155 showed no GLs, although HSTCL is thought to be resistant to chemotherapy. After the definitive diagnosis of HSTCL, we monitored this patient's response to chemotherapy with blood tests, including complete blood counts, ultrasound imaging, and cytologic aspirates of liver. Although canine HSTCL has a poor prognosis, the possibility of a new neoplasm, including visceral MCT, should be considered. Periodic liver cytology might be worthwhile in dogs receiving chemotherapy for HSTCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Akiyoshi
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan.,Akiyoshi Animal Clinic, Yamato, Japan
| | - Masaharu Hisasue
- Laboratory of Small Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Midori Goto Asakawa
- Clinical and Anatomic Pathology Unit, Veterinary Specialists Emergency Center, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Sakurako Neo
- Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
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Larsen E, Watson AM, Muñoz Gutiérrez JF. Intranasal mast cell tumors: Clinical, immunohistochemical, and molecular features in 20 dogs. Vet Pathol 2022; 59:915-921. [PMID: 35787192 DOI: 10.1177/03009858221109100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are an uncommon primary neoplasm of the nasal cavity in dogs for which there is a paucity of existing literature regarding their clinical behavior and molecular features. The objectives of this retrospective study were to examine the clinical findings, histopathologic and immunohistochemical features, and c-KIT mutation status of primary intranasal MCTs in dogs and identify potential prognostic factors. Canine biopsies submitted to a diagnostic laboratory in Colorado between 2010 and 2019 with intranasal neoplasms diagnosed as MCTs and no history of cutaneous or oral MCT were considered. Immunohistochemistry for CD117 and Ki67 and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for internal tandem duplications at exons 8 and 11 of the c-KIT gene were performed. Twenty out of 1849 (1%) primary intranasal neoplasms were MCTs. Metastases were reported in 11/20 cases (55%), with the mandibular lymph node representing the most common site. One case had distant metastases to abdominal viscera. Of the cases with available outcome data, 6/14 (43%) died or were euthanized from MCT-related disease within 1 year of the onset of clinical signs. Only one case had a c-KIT mutation at exon 11. In our study, intranasal MCTs were prone to metastasize and had a generally poor prognosis, resembling the behavior of MCTs arising in other mucosal locations. While dogs with metastatic disease and survival times of <1 year tended to have atypical KIT localization, moderate to high Ki67 indices, and mitotic counts ≥8, definitive prognosticators could not be identified due to the limited number of cases with favorable clinical outcomes.
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Shinsako D, Masyr AR, Vieson M, Gleason HE. Autologous blood pleurodesis for surgical pneumothorax and outcome with multimodal cancer treatment in a dog with primary pulmonary mast cell tumor. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e6123. [PMID: 35898741 PMCID: PMC9309744 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.6123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A dog underwent lung lobectomy for removal of a mass. Histopathology was consistent with narrow resection of a mast cell tumor. Postoperative pneumothorax was successfully treated using autologous blood pleurodesis. Progression of disease despite adjunctive treatment with several chemotherapetutic agents and radiation therapy resulted in euthanasia approximately 4 months postoperatively.
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8
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Guija‐de‐Arespacochaga A, Kremer L, Künzel F, Schwendenwein I. Peripheral blood eosinophilia in dogs: Prevalence and associated diseases. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:1458-1465. [PMID: 35654102 PMCID: PMC9297770 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine eosinophilia has not been evaluated over the last two decades. As in human local differences, changes in the prevalence and associated diseases over time can be expected. OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the prevalence and causes of marked blood eosinophilia in dogs. METHODS Retrospective study. A total of 317 clinical histories of dogs with an eosinophil concentration > 1.5 × 109 /L (marked eosinophilia) between 2013 and 2017 were evaluated. Patients were allocated to 10 groups according to their major clinical findings. RESULTS Eosinophilia was present in 1,592 of 10,829 dogs (14.7%); it was mild (0.8-1.49 × 109 /L) in 78.4%, moderate (1.5 - 4.9 × 109 /L) in 20.5% and severe (> 5 × 109 /L) in 1.1% of cases. Rottweilers were overrepresented (16.1%). Of 317 cases with marked eosinophilia, 19.6% had neoplasia, 19.1% gastrointestinal disorders, 13.6% health check, 10.4% endoparasites, 6% respiratory, 5.4% neurologic, 5.4% dermatologic, 4.8% urogenital, 3.2% endocrine disorders and 12.6% miscellaneous. Lymphomas (29%) and mast cell tumours (12.9%) were the most frequent tumours in the neoplasia group. A total of 72.6% of tumour-bearing dogs were older than 8 years, while 63.6% of dogs had endoparasites, and 86% of apparently healthy dogs were younger than 5 years. Eosinophilia was significantly higher in patients with respiratory disorders (p < 0.0146). Leukocytosis was found in 50.2% of cases. CONCLUSION Malignancy was the most common cause of marked blood eosinophilia in older dogs and endoparasitism in younger dogs. Eosinophilia was common in apparently healthy young dogs and may be related to undiagnosed parasitic infestations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Loïc Kremer
- KorneuburgAniCura TierklinikKorneuburgAustria
| | - Frank Künzel
- Department for Companion Animals and HorsesSmall Animal ClinicInternal MedicineUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Ilse Schwendenwein
- Department of PathobiologyClinical Pathology Platform, University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
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Alves‐Nores V, Naranjo C, Fernández Y. Spontaneous haemoabdomen due to a ruptured primary splenic mast cell tumour in a dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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10
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Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment of Canine Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumors. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040618. [PMID: 35203268 PMCID: PMC8870669 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are hematopoietic neoplasms composed of mast cells. It is highly common in dogs and is extremely important in the veterinary oncology field. It represents the third most common tumor subtype, and is the most common malignant skin tumor in dogs, corresponding to 11% of skin cancer cases. The objective of this critical review was to present the report of the 2nd Consensus meeting on the Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Canine Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumors, which was organized by the Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology (ABROVET) in August 2021. The most recent information on cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs is presented and discussed.
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11
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Excitement-Induced Cutaneous Bleeding (Haematidrosis-like) in a Dog. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8120327. [PMID: 34941854 PMCID: PMC8704122 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8120327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 15-month-old intact female Pitbull was referred because of recurrent, episodic, self-limiting, excitement-induced bleeding from nontraumatised skin. No abnormalities were detected upon physical examination. Subsequently, the dog went for a walk under the direct supervision of one of the authors, became overexcited and, after approximately five minutes, bloody liquid, with a patchy distribution, appeared along the hair shafts of the face and neck. The affected skin was congested, partially blanching on diascopy and bloody liquid was oozing from the follicular openings. Urticaria, dermographism and hypertension were excluded, the complete blood count and coagulation profile were within the reference ranges and an analysis of the bloody exudate confirmed its blood components. The cutaneous bleeding of the dog followed a self-limited course, with no episodes during the last two years. Clinical and laboratory findings and the long-term evolution of this dog bear striking similarities to haematidrosis, a rare human disease of multifactorial aetiology and equivocal pathogenesis.
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Willmann M, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V, Marconato L, Dacasto M, Hadzijusufovic E, Hermine O, Sadovnik I, Gamperl S, Schneeweiss-Gleixner M, Gleixner KV, Böhm T, Peter B, Eisenwort G, Moriggl R, Li Z, Jawhar M, Sotlar K, Jensen-Jarolim E, Sexl V, Horny HP, Galli SJ, Arock M, Vail DM, Kiupel M, Valent P. Proposed Diagnostic Criteria and Classification of Canine Mast Cell Neoplasms: A Consensus Proposal. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:755258. [PMID: 34957277 PMCID: PMC8702826 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.755258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cell neoplasms are one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies in dogs. The clinical picture, course, and prognosis vary substantially among patients, depending on the anatomic site, grade and stage of the disease. The most frequently involved organ is the skin, followed by hematopoietic organs (lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and bone marrow) and mucosal sites of the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract. In cutaneous mast cell tumors, several grading and staging systems have been introduced. However, no comprehensive classification and no widely accepted diagnostic criteria have been proposed to date. To address these open issues and points we organized a Working Conference on canine mast cell neoplasms in Vienna in 2019. The outcomes of this meeting are summarized in this article. The proposed classification includes cutaneous mast cell tumors and their sub-variants defined by grading- and staging results, mucosal mast cell tumors, extracutaneous/extramucosal mast cell tumors without skin involvement, and mast cell leukemia (MCL). For each of these entities, diagnostic criteria are proposed. Moreover, we have refined grading and staging criteria for mast cell neoplasms in dogs based on consensus discussion. The criteria and classification proposed in this article should greatly facilitate diagnostic evaluation and prognostication in dogs with mast cell neoplasms and should thereby support management of these patients in daily practice and the conduct of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Willmann
- Department/Hospital for Companion Animals and Horses, Clinic for Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Michael Willmann
| | - Vilma Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Mauro Dacasto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Emir Hadzijusufovic
- Department/Hospital for Companion Animals and Horses, Clinic for Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Department of Hematology, Imagine Institute Université de Paris, INSERM U1163, CEREMAST, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Irina Sadovnik
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Gamperl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Schneeweiss-Gleixner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karoline V. Gleixner
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Böhm
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Peter
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Eisenwort
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zhixiong Li
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Mohamad Jawhar
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Karl Sotlar
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans-Peter Horny
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephen J. Galli
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Michel Arock
- Laboratory of Hematology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - David M. Vail
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Matti Kiupel
- Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Peter Valent
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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13
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Oliveira MT, Campos M, Lamego L, Magalhães D, Menezes R, Oliveira R, Patanita F, Ferreira DA. Canine and Feline Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumor: A Comprehensive Review of Treatments and Outcomes. Top Companion Anim Med 2020; 41:100472. [PMID: 32891740 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2020.100472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell tumor (MCT) or mastocytoma is one of the most frequent malignant cutaneous tumors in the dog, and the second most frequent in the cat. Several mast cell tumor therapeutic approaches have been proposed in the past years for dogs and cats, resulting in very distinct outcomes. The current comprehensive literature review presents a critical approach to the scientific information published about the MCTs treatments and the subsequent prognosis and survival times, in dogs and in cats diagnosed with MCTs. A systematic review of the literature following the Cochrane principles and methodology was performed. The authors resorted to MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar and Web of Science databases to select the 133 publications with evidence-based treatments for MCTs in companion animals. Results of the review suggest that the recommended treatment, prognosis and survival times for dogs and cats with MCTs depends at all times on the clinical staging, histological grade and location of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Oliveira
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal.
| | - Marco Campos
- Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - Luís Lamego
- Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - Diogo Magalhães
- Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - Rui Menezes
- Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - Renato Oliveira
- Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - Francisco Patanita
- Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal
| | - David A Ferreira
- MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Núcleo da Mitra, 7000 Évora, Portugal
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Yakimchuk K. Mathematical modeling of immune modulation by glucocorticoids. Biosystems 2020; 187:104066. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2019.104066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Abdominal, Thoracic, and Pericardial Effusions. COWELL AND TYLER'S DIAGNOSTIC CYTOLOGY AND HEMATOLOGY OF THE DOG AND CAT 2020. [PMCID: PMC7152461 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-53314-0.00015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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16
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Cartagena-Albertus JC, Moise A, Moya-García S, Cámara-Fernández N, Montoya-Alonso JA. Presumptive primary intrathoracic mast cell tumours in two dogs. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:204. [PMID: 31208404 PMCID: PMC6580641 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1950-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mast cell tumours are the most common cutaneous neoplasms in dogs. Other primary sites include visceral organs, such as the gastrointestinal tract, liver, or spleen, and the oral cavity. Frequent metastatic sites include the local lymph nodes, skin, spleen, liver and bone marrow. The thorax is rarely affected by metastatic disease and no such cases have been reported in dogs. Mast cell tumours are usually not considered as a differential diagnosis for lung and intrathoracic chest wall masses in dogs. Chest wall tumours can be primary tumours of the ribs and sternum, an invasion of adjacent tumours into the chest wall, and metastasis from distant tumours. Cases presentation A German Shepherd dog presented with a history of persistent cough and a large mass involving the thoracic wall and a small round pulmonary mass. The dog had a history of mammary tumours that were surgically excised. Thoracoscopy revealed a thoracic wall mass involving the internal intercostal muscle and a small mass in the left cranial lung lobe. Cytology and histopathology of the intrathoracic mass confirmed the large mass as a mast cell tumour and the small mass as a carcinoma. Cytology of the sternal lymph nodes showed no involvement. The dog received toceranib for 3 months, which failed to alleviate persistent cough. Radiology indicated that the large mass had a partial response to toceranib. The dog was euthanasied. A Maltese dog presented with a history of chronic regurgitation and cough, and a large mass involving the left caudal lung lobe. Cytology and histopathology of mass confirmed a mast cell tumour. The dog received toceranib for 2 months. Radiology indicated that the large mass had no response to toceranib. The dog was euthanasied. Confirmation of lungs mast cell tumour and the absence of any other Mast cell tumour was achieved by postmortem examination. Conclusions The cases discussed are two unusual presentations of intrathoracic mast cell tumours, in the absence of cutaneous mast cell tumours, in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Cartagena-Albertus
- Northlands Vets., 2 Northampton road, Kettering, NN15 7JU, UK. .,Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Institute for Biomedical and Health Research (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario Cardones de Arucas, 35413, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Antoaneta Moise
- Northlands Vets., 2 Northampton road, Kettering, NN15 7JU, UK
| | | | | | - Jose Alberto Montoya-Alonso
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Institute for Biomedical and Health Research (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario Cardones de Arucas, 35413, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Pallatto VA, Bechtold MA. Mast cell and plasma cell collision tumor in the spleen of a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2018; 47:303-306. [PMID: 29902336 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A 9-year-old spayed female English Mastiff was referred for outpatient ultrasound due to a 3-week history of weight loss, vomiting, and decreased appetite. Abdominal ultrasound showed multiple splenic masses of varying sizes and serum chemistry panel showed hyperglobulinemia. Cytologic examination of fine-needle aspirates of the splenic masses indicated a mast cell and plasma cell collision tumor. Results of serum and urine protein electrophoresis and immunofixation indicated the plasma cell neoplasia was producing IgA immunoglobulins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Molly A Bechtold
- Mid-Atlantic Animal specialty Hospital (MASH), Huntington, MD, USA
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Musser M, Berger E, Flaherty HA, Fox L, Johannes CM. Marked paraneoplastic hypereosinophilia associated with a low‐grade, metastatic canine mast cell tumour. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2017-000563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Musser
- College of Veterinary MedicineIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Erika Berger
- College of Veterinary MedicineIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | | | - Leslie Fox
- College of Veterinary MedicineIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Chad M Johannes
- College of Veterinary MedicineIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
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Moirano SJ, Lima SF, Hume KR, Brodsky EM. Association of prognostic features and treatment on survival time of dogs with systemic mastocytosis: A retrospective analysis of 40 dogs. Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 16:E194-E201. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Moirano
- College of Veterinary Medicine; Cornell University; Ithaca New York
| | - S. F. Lima
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences; Cornell University; Ithaca New York
| | - K. R. Hume
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; Cornell University; Ithaca New York
| | - E. M. Brodsky
- Oncology Services; Veterinary Medical Center of Long Island; West Islip New York
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20
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Moore TW, Bentley RT, Moore SA, Provencher M, Warry EE, Kohnken R, Heng HG. SPINAL MAST CELL TUMORS IN DOGS: IMAGING FEATURES AND CLINICAL OUTCOME OF FOUR CASES. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2016; 58:44-52. [PMID: 27723239 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Published information regarding canine vertebral column mast cell tumors (MCTs) is limited. The objectives of this study were to report clinical and advanced imaging findings for a group of dogs with confirmed spinal MCT. Inclusion criteria for this retrospective case series were dogs with spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans and a histological diagnosis of spinal MCT. Clinical, imaging, treatment, and outcome data were recorded. Four dogs met inclusion criteria. One dog had primary spinal MCT and three dogs had metastatic spinal MCT. All four dogs presented for paraspinal hyperesthesia and subacute progressive or acute myelopathy. All CT and MRI lesions were extradural. Two cases exhibited distinct masses in the epidural space. In one case, an epidural tumor invaded from the paravertebral musculature. One case exhibited polyostotic lesions indistinguishable from multiple myeloma by MRI. One dog with a primary epidural low-grade MCT remains clinically normal 4 years postoperatively, following adjunctive lomustine. An epidural high-grade MCT, metastatic from a cutaneous tumor, recurred within 2 months of surgery despite adjunctive vinblastine. Two high-grade cases with concurrent visceral involvement were euthanized immediately after imaging. In dogs, MCT should be considered as a differential diagnosis for a progressive painful myelopathy and CT or MRI evidence of an extradural spinal lesion (epidural, paravertebral, or polyostotic). While more often associated with cutaneous or disseminated disease, MCT may also occur as a primary tumor of the epidural space in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor W Moore
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - R Timothy Bentley
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Sarah A Moore
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Michele Provencher
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Emma E Warry
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Rebecca Kohnken
- Departments of Veterinary Biosciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Hock Gan Heng
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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21
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Mast cell activation disease and the modern epidemic of chronic inflammatory disease. Transl Res 2016; 174:33-59. [PMID: 26850903 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A large and growing portion of the human population, especially in developed countries, suffers 1 or more chronic, often quite burdensome ailments which either are overtly inflammatory in nature or are suspected to be of inflammatory origin, but for which investigations to date have failed to identify specific causes, let alone unifying mechanisms underlying the multiple such ailments that often afflict such patients. Relatively recently described as a non-neoplastic cousin of the rare hematologic disease mastocytosis, mast cell (MC) activation syndrome-suspected to be of greatly heterogeneous, complex acquired clonality in many cases-is a potential underlying/unifying explanation for a diverse assortment of inflammatory ailments. A brief review of MC biology and how aberrant primary MC activation might lead to such a vast range of illness is presented.
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Ozaki K, Yamagami T, Nomura K, Narama I. Mast Cell Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract in 39 Dogs. Vet Pathol 2016; 39:557-64. [PMID: 12243465 DOI: 10.1354/vp.39-5-557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell tumors (MCTs) of gastrointestinal origin that had been surgically removed from 39 dogs were examined to evaluate their pathologic features. Miniature breeds, especially Maltese, were most frequently affected. The average age of affected dogs was 9.7 ± 2.6 years. No sex difference was apparent. The most frequently affected sites were in the upper digestive tract, and the prognosis was very poor. Grossly, the gastrointestinal wall was prominently thickened, and the lumen of the affected gut was usually narrowed. Microscopically, there was diffuse transmural invasion of round to pleomorphic tumor cells. Tumor cells had moderate to abundant cytoplasm, round to ovoid nuclei with scattered chromatin, and mitotic figures. Fibrous stroma was observed in about half of the tumors. There was variable infiltration of eosinophils. In all tumors, cytoplasmic granules showed weak metachromasia, but the number of granules was very small. Immunohistochemical staining for c-kit and mast cell tryptase was positive in 77% and 62% of tumors, respectively. All tumors were positive for at least two of these markers. Immunohistochemical staining for p53 was positive in 13% of the tumors. Reactivity for staining markers and p53 was unrelated to cell pleomorphism, vessel invasion, or survival time. Gastrointestinal MCTs have histologic and immunohistochemical features completely different from those of other primary or metastatic gastrointestinal tumors. The combination of immunostaining for mast cell tryptase and c-kit and histochemical staining for metachromasia appears to be a powerful tool for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal MCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ozaki
- Research Institute of Drug Safety, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan.
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Preziosi R, Morini M, Sarli G. Expression of the KIT Protein (CD117) in Primary Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors of the Dog. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 16:554-61. [PMID: 15586571 DOI: 10.1177/104063870401600610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty-one canine cutaneous masses, diagnosed as mast cell tumors (MCT) by histopathologic analysis, were used to evaluate the immunohistochemical pattern of expression of KIT protein (CD117), a type III tyrosine kinase protein involved in mast cell growth and differentiation. Lesions were graded as I (well differentiated), II (intermediate differentiation), or III (poorly differentiated) according to the following morphologic features: invasiveness, cellularity and cellular morphology, mitotic index, and stromal reaction. Immunohistochemical KIT expression was compared with histologic grade and some histomorphologic features (cell differentiation and nuclear grade) evaluated separately. A possible predictive role of biologic behavior in MCTs for KIT expression was also investigated. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed three different patterns of KIT expression: a cytoplasmic diffuse pattern, a membranous pattern with immunostaining located on the cell surface, and a cytoplasmic perinuclear pattern, where KIT expression was detected in the cytoplasm of the neoplastic mast cells, close to the nucleus. Statistical analysis showed a close relationship between different KIT immunohistochemical patterns and histologic grade ( P < 0.00000), cell differentiation ( P < 0.00000), and nuclear grade ( P < 0.0024). According to Kaplan-Meier–estimated survival curves compared by survival analysis, KIT expression was significantly associated with survival time ( P = 0.037) but not cancer-free interval ( P = 0.50). Similar to other well-known histomorphological features, KIT expression is a useful parameter of malignancy in cutaneous MCTs. KIT expression also predicted the biological behavior of the tumors in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Preziosi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Pathology, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
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24
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Shales C. Management of non‐lymphomatous small intestinal tumours in dogs and cats. IN PRACTICE 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/inp.h259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Schwab TM, Popovitch C, DeBiasio J, Goldschmidt M. Clinical Outcome for MCTs of Canine Pinnae Treated with Surgical Excision (2004–2008). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2014; 50:187-91. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Canine mast cell tumors (MCTs) are the most common cutaneous neoplasm in the dog. It has been suggested that MCT in certain locations may behave in a more biologically aggressive fashion than MCTs located in others; however, no published data are available for MCTs of canine pinnae treated with surgical excision. A retrospective study of 28 animals with surgical excision of MCTs of pinnae was completed with a medical record review and follow-up questionnaire to the operating veterinarian. The effect of tumor grade, clean or dirty excision, cartilage penetration, and mitotic index (MI) on local recurrence and survival time (ST) was evaluated. There was local recurrence in one dog with a grade 2 MCT and in seven of eight dogs with grade 3 MCTs. The median ST of animals with grade 1 and 2 MCTs was not reached, whereas the median ST of animals with grade 3 MCTs was 10 mo. There was no statistical association between histologically clean and dirty margins and either local recurrence or ST. A prolonged disease free interval without local recurrence may be achieved with local excision of grade 1 and 2 MCTs. Animals with grade 3 MCTs had a uniformly poor outcome with short times to local recurrence and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M. Schwab
- Department of Surgery (T.S., C.P.) and Department of Internal Medicine (J.D.), Metropolitan Veterinary Associates, Norristown, PA; and Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (M.G.)
| | - Catherine Popovitch
- Department of Surgery (T.S., C.P.) and Department of Internal Medicine (J.D.), Metropolitan Veterinary Associates, Norristown, PA; and Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (M.G.)
| | - John DeBiasio
- Department of Surgery (T.S., C.P.) and Department of Internal Medicine (J.D.), Metropolitan Veterinary Associates, Norristown, PA; and Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (M.G.)
| | - Michael Goldschmidt
- Department of Surgery (T.S., C.P.) and Department of Internal Medicine (J.D.), Metropolitan Veterinary Associates, Norristown, PA; and Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (M.G.)
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Harris BJ, Constantino-Casas F, Archer J, Herrtage ME. Loeffler's endocarditis and bicavity eosinophilic effusions in a dog with visceral mast cell tumour and hypereosinophilia. J Comp Pathol 2013; 149:429-33. [PMID: 23809908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A 9-year-old crossbred dog was presented with a 2-week history of diarrhoea and tachypnoea. Marked circulating eosinophilia was identified. Pleural and abdominal effusions were detected by radiography and ultrasonography and cytological examination of these fluids revealed a predominance of eosinophils. Splenic and hepatic cytology revealed mast cell neoplasia, which was confirmed as visceral mast cell tumour on post-mortem examination. Histological changes of myocardial inflammation, necrosis and fibrosis were found. These findings are consistent with Loeffler's endocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Harris
- Northwest Surgeons, Delamere House, Ashville Point, Sutton Weaver, Cheshire WA7 3FW, UK.
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Histopathology. CANINE AND FELINE GASTROENTEROLOGY 2013. [PMCID: PMC7152035 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-3661-6.00029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Blackwood L, Murphy S, Buracco P, De Vos JP, De Fornel-Thibaud P, Hirschberger J, Kessler M, Pastor J, Ponce F, Savary-Bataille K, Argyle DJ. European consensus document on mast cell tumours in dogs and cats. Vet Comp Oncol 2012; 10:e1-e29. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2012.00341.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Blackwood
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, The Leahurst Campus; University of Liverpool Chester High Road; Neston Wirral CH64 7TE UK
| | - S. Murphy
- The Animal Health Trust; Suffolk CB8 7UU UK
| | - P. Buracco
- Department of Animal Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine; University of Turin; Grugliasco (TO) Italy
| | - J. P. De Vos
- “De Ottenhorst” Veterinary Oncology Referral Centre; Terneuzen The Netherlands
| | - P. De Fornel-Thibaud
- DESV Internal Medicine, Centre de Cancérologie Vétérinaire; Maisons-Alfort France
| | - J. Hirschberger
- Medizinische Kleintierklinik Clinic for Small Animal Medicine, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Veterinärstr; München Germany
| | | | - J. Pastor
- Patología Médica Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra Spain
| | - F. Ponce
- VetAgro Sup; Université Lyon 1; Lyon France
| | | | - D. J. Argyle
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute; Easter Bush Midlothian EH25 9RG UK
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Kobayashi M, Sugisaki O, Ishii N, Yamada O, Ito K, Kuroki S, Sasaki Y, Ono K, Washizu T, Bonkobara M. Canine intestinal mast cell tumor with c-kit exon 8 mutation responsive to imatinib therapy. Vet J 2012; 193:264-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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32
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Childress MO. Hematologic Abnormalities in the Small Animal Cancer Patient. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2012; 42:123-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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33
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Glucocorticoid sensitivity depends on expression levels of glucocorticoid receptors in canine neoplastic mast cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011; 144:321-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hillman LA, Garrett LD, de Lorimier LP, Charney SC, Borst LB, Fan TM. Biological behavior of oral and perioral mast cell tumors in dogs: 44 cases (1996-2006). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2010; 237:936-42. [PMID: 20946081 DOI: 10.2460/javma.237.8.936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe clinical outcome of dogs with mast cell tumors (MCTs) arising from the oral mucosa, oral mucocutaneous junction, or perioral region of the muzzle and evaluate the potential role of the chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7) in the biological behavior of these tumors. DESIGN Retrospective case series. ANIMALS 44 dogs with MCTs of the oral mucosa (n=14), oral mucocutaneous junction (19), or perioral region of the muzzle (11). PROCEDURES Medical records were reviewed for information on signalment, regional metastasis, treatments, cause of death, and survival time. Twenty of the 44 cases had stored histologic samples available for immunohistochemical staining for CCR7 RESULTS For all dogs, median survival time was 52 months. Twenty-six (59%) dogs had regional lymph node metastasis on admission. Median survival time for dogs with lymph node metastasis was 14 months, whereas median survival time was not reached for dogs without lymph node metastasis. Intensity of staining for CCR7 was not significantly associated with the presence of regional lymph node metastasis or survival time. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that in dogs with MCTs arising from the oral mucosa, oral mucocutaneous junction, or perioral region of the muzzle, the presence of regional lymph node metastasis at the time of diagnosis was a negative prognostic factor. However, prolonged survival times could be achieved with treatment. In addition, CCR7 expression in the primary tumor was not significantly associated with the presence of regional lymph node metastasis or survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorin A Hillman
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
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Rassnick KM, Bailey DB, Russell DS, Flory AB, Kiselow MA, Intile JL, Malone EK, Balkman CE, Barnard SM. A phase II study to evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of alternating CCNU and high-dose vinblastine and prednisone (CVP) for treatment of dogs with high-grade, metastatic or nonresectable mast cell tumours. Vet Comp Oncol 2010; 8:138-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2010.00217.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Beltran E, de Stefani A, Stewart J, De Risio L, Johnson V. Disseminated mast cell tumor infiltrating the sphenoid bone and causing blindness in a dog. Vet Ophthalmol 2010; 13:184-9. [PMID: 20500719 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2010.00776.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell tumors are found in most organs and tissues with variable biologic behavior in dogs. This case illustrates the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in a dog with disseminated mast cell tumor infiltrating the sphenoid bones. A 6-year-old male neutered Greyhound presented with a 3-day history of acute onset of blindness. General physical examination was normal. Neurological examination revealed mildly disorientated mental status, absent menace response in both eyes, bilaterally decreased vestibulo-oculocephalic reflexes and absent direct and consensual pupillary light reflex in both eyes. An electroretinogram indicated normal retinal function in both eyes. A lesion involving the middle and rostral cranial fossa was suspected. Hematology and serum biochemistry were normal except decreased urea (1.2 mmol/L). MRI of the head revealed heterogeneous signal intensity of the sphenoid bones on T2-weighted images and loss of their normal internal architecture. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was normal. Abdominal ultrasound revealed hepatosplenomegaly and mesenteric lymphadenopathy. Fine needle aspirates were taken from the jejunal lymph nodes and the spleen. Results were consistent with disseminated mast cell tumor. The owner declined any treatment and the dog was euthanatized. Postmortem examination confirmed disseminated mast cell tumor affecting multiple organs, including the sphenoid bones. To our knowledge, this is the first case describing MRI features of disseminated mast cell tumor affecting the sphenoid bones and causing acute onset of blindness in a dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Beltran
- Centre for Small Animal Studies, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, UK.
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Marconato L, Bettini G, Giacoboni C, Romanelli G, Cesari A, Zatelli A, Zini E. Clinicopathological Features and Outcome for Dogs with Mast Cell Tumors and Bone Marrow Involvement. J Vet Intern Med 2008; 22:1001-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2008.0128.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Takahashi T, Ohashi E, Nakagawa T, Mochizuki M, Nishimura R, Sasaki N. Role of beta1 integrins in adhesion of canine mastocytoma cells to extracellular matrix proteins. J Vet Med Sci 2008; 69:495-9. [PMID: 17551222 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.69.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions of tumor cells with the extracellular matrix (ECM) are a crucial step in invasion and metastasis. Integrins are adhesive molecules forming heterodimers with alpha and beta subunits that play a definitive role in these interactions. In this study, mastocytoma (mast cell tumor: MCT) cell-ECM interaction was investigated using 3 canine MCT cell lines: CM-MC (originating from cutaneous MCT), VI-MC (originating from intestinal MCT), and CoMS (originating from oral MCT). Flow cytometric analysis showed that all cells highly expressed the integrin beta1 and alpha1 through alpha5 subunits and that they moderately expressed the alpha6 subunit. In adhesion studies, CoMS weakly but spontaneously adhered to fibronectin (FN), which was enhanced by phorbol ester (TPA), while CM-MC and VI-MC required cell activation by TPA to adhere to FN. Anti-beta1 and alpha5 integrin antibodies strongly inhibited cell adhesion to FN in CM-MC and CoMS and moderately inhibited cell adhesion in VI-MC. Only VI-MC adhered to laminin (LN) under activation by TPA. Anti-beta1 integrin antibodies strongly inhibited cell adhesion to LN, but all anti-alpha integrin antibodies failed to inhibit cell adhesion to LN. No cells adhered to collagen types I and IV. Canine MCT cells from different origins expressed similar integrin patterns; however, there were some differences in adhesive behavior in response to various ECM proteins and activating stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Takahashi
- Laboratory of Comprehensive Veterinary Clinical Studies, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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Diseases of the Small Intestines. HANDBOOK OF SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE 2008. [PMCID: PMC7152160 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4160-3949-5.50037-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
A 6-year-old, castrated male, mixed-breed dog was diagnosed with partial unilateral ureteral obstruction secondary to a ureteral mass. The ureteral mass was surgically resected, and an ureteroneocystostomy was performed. Histopathology of the ureteral mass was consistent with a poorly differentiated mast cell tumor (MCT). The patient recovered well but was euthanized 5 months postoperatively for central nervous system signs. A choroid plexus tumor was diagnosed during necropsy examination. There was no evidence of recurrence or dissemination of the ureteral MCT. Extracutaneous MCTs are rare in dogs, and primary MCT associated with the urinary tract has not previously been reported in the veterinary literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Steffey
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Endicott MM, Charney SC, McKnight JA, Loar AS, Barger AM, Bergman PJ. Clinicopathological findings and results of bone marrow aspiration in dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumours: 157 cases (1999?2002). Vet Comp Oncol 2007; 5:31-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2006.00115.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Whittington JK, Emerson JA, Satkus TM, Tyagi G, Barger A, Pinkerton ME. Exocrine pancreatic carcinoma and carcinomatosis with abdominal effusion containing mast cells in a ferret (Mustela putorius furo). Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2006; 9:643-50. [PMID: 16931385 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2006.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This case describes the clinical presentation and findings of exocrine pancreatic carcinoma in a 9-year-old female sprayed ferret (Mustela putorius furo). Transcoelomic metastasis and hemorrhagic abdominal effusion were secondary to the neoplasm. The finding of mast cells in abdominal effusion, with a leukocyte component composed primarily of lymphocytes and lesser numbers of neutrophils and macrophages, is an atypical finding, never before reported in ferrets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Whittington
- Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA.
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Baldi A, Colloca E, Spugnini EP. Lomustine for the treatment of gastrointestinal mast cell tumour in a dog. J Small Anim Pract 2006; 47:465-7. [PMID: 16911116 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2006.00045.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An eight-year-old, male boxer dog was referred for the treatment of a large (5.5 x 5 cm), unresectable visceral mast cell tumour. The dog had a surgical resection performed one month before referral, and it had widespread metastases to the abdominal lymph nodes. The patient was treated with lomustine and prednisone and showed a rapid improvement and increased level of activity, weight gain and consistent tumour reduction. The patient remained in partial remission (defined as a greater than 50 per cent reduction in tumour volume) for seven months. Toxicity was acceptable and was limited to moderate anaemia and two episodes of neutropenia. At the completion of the seven months of therapy, the dog experienced a chemotherapy-induced sepsis, and the owners elected for euthanasia due to financial concerns. At that time, the tumour was still in partial remission. This case report suggests that a combination of lomustine and prednisone is an effective protocol for the palliation of aggressive visceral mast cell tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Baldi
- S A F U Department, Regina Elena Cancer Institute, Via delle Messi d'Oro 156, 00158 Rome, Italy
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Riva F, Brizzola S, Stefanello D, Crema S, Turin L. A study of mutations in the c-kit gene of 32 dogs with mastocytoma. J Vet Diagn Invest 2006; 17:385-8. [PMID: 16131001 DOI: 10.1177/104063870501700416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the intracellular juxtamembrane domain of the c-kit gene in 32 dogs with different grades of histologically confirmed mastocytoma were studied. Transcript RNAs extracted from neoplastic tissue surgically collected from dogs of different breeds and from a negative control were reverse transcribed into complementary DNA and amplified by polymerase chain reaction. The region corresponding to the c-kit juxtamembrane domain was sequenced and compared with GenBank sequences. Two different types of mutations were identified within exon 11: a previously underscribed single-nucleotide substitution and a 6-bp deletion. The c-kit juxtamembrane domain sequences of all dogs were grouped in 3 clusters. No mutations were detected in tissues constitutively expressing c-kit (cerebellum and spleen), obtained from dogs not affected by mastocytoma (controls). All the substitutions were found in dogs bearing grade I or II mast cell tumors; the deletion was detected in 1 dog with grade II mastocytoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Riva
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Igiene e Sanita' Pubblica Veterinaria, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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Abstract
This article reviews the literature on mast cells and tumours derived from mast cells in the dog. Mast cells play a central role in inflammatory and immune reactions. Mast cells, normal and neoplastic, contain and release important biologically active substances: heparin, histamine, eosinophilic chemotactic factor and proteolytic enzymes. Mast cell tumours occur in the dog, particularly in the boxer and related breeds, in the skin and less frequently in the intestines. Cytology usually provides an accurate diagnosis, but histological examination adds further information concerning the histologic grade and the completeness of surgical therapy. Cutaneous mast cell tumours should be regarded as potentially malignant and therefore be removed widely (3 cm. margin). Local recurrence, regional and distant metastases together with paraneoplastic disorders may cause the death of the pet. Histologic grading (2 or 3 grades) and clinical staging together with kinetic parameters and breed (boxers have relatively benign tumours) are important prognostic parameters. Based on prognostic criteria, surgical treatment should be completed with adjuvant radiotherapy, corticosteroids and eventually with combined chemotherapy. A novel, promising therapy is the application of the receptor kinase inhibitor. The study of the pathogenesis of mast cell tumours received new impetus by the finding of mutations, deletions and duplications, in exons 11 and 12 of the C-kit oncogene. Further study of physiological and oncological aspects of mast cells are favoured by the availability of mast cells isolated from spontaneous mast cell tumours and of cultured cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Misdorp
- Emeritus Professor of Veterinary Oncology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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Abstract
A 12-year-old neutered male Shar-Pei was presented to the North Carolina State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital cardiology service with a 2-week history of coughing and a 2-day history of lethargy and anorexia. Pleural effusion and a mediastinal mass were detected with thoracic radiographs. Ten mL of fluid were removed via thoracocentesis, and cytologic examination of the fluid revealed marked eosinophilic inflammation and few atypical mast cells. Mast cell neoplasia was suspected. Aspirates of the mediastinal mass, abdominal lymph nodes, and bone marrow contained similar pleomorphic mast cells and increased numbers of eosinophils. The dog was diagnosed with systemic (visceral) mastocytosis, a rare form of neoplasia in dogs, and was euthanized. These tumors carry a poor to grave prognosis and the etiology is uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Cowgill
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh 27606, USA.
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Hahn KA, King GK, Carreras JK. Efficacy of radiation therapy for incompletely resected grade-III mast cell tumors in dogs: 31 cases (1987–1998). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004; 224:79-82. [PMID: 14710881 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2004.224.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy (durations of remission and survival) of an alternating-day radiation protocol for incompletely excised histologic grade-III solitary mast cell tumors (MCTs) in dogs. DESIGN Retrospective study. ANIMALS 31 dogs. PROCEDURE Radiation (52 Gy in an 18-fraction alternating-day protocol) was delivered to an area bordered by margins > or = 3 cm around the surgical scar and to the associated local-regional lymph nodes. Dogs were not given chemotherapeutic agents concurrently or after radiation. Information on signalment, duration of remission, and survival time was obtained from medical records. RESULTS Median and mean durations of remission were 27.7 and 17.0 months, respectively (range, 1 to 47 months). Median and mean durations of survival were 28 and 20 months, respectively (range, 3 to 52 months). Dogs with tumors located on the skin of the pinna, perineum, and prepuce had a median duration of remission greater than dogs with tumors located at other sites (27.7 and 14.4 months, respectively). Dogs with tumors < or = 3 cm in maximum diameter before surgery survived longer than dogs with tumors > 3 cm (31 and 24 months, respectively). The remission rate was 65% and survival rate was 71% at 1 year after treatment. Sixteen dogs that were euthanatized had complications associated with local-regional tumor progression. Systemic metastases to liver, spleen, intestine, and bone marrow were detected in 1 dog. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Without further treatment, incompletely excised grade-III mast cell tumors have high local-regional recurrence; local-regional treatment with radiation may effectively be used to manage many such tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Hahn
- Gulf Coast Veterinary Oncologists 1111 W Loop South, Ste 150, Houston, TX 77027, USA
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Gieger TL, Théon AP, Werner JA, McEntee MC, Rassnick KM, DeCock HEV. Biologic behavior and prognostic factors for mast cell tumors of the canine muzzle: 24 cases (1990-2001). J Vet Intern Med 2003; 17:687-92. [PMID: 14529136 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2003.tb02501.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The medical records of 24 dogs with histologically confirmed mast cell tumors (MCT) of the muzzle were retrospectively evaluated to determine their biologic behavior and prognostic factors. Information on signalment, tumor grade and stage, treatment methods, and pattern of and time to failure and death was obtained from the medical record. Twenty-three dogs were treated with combinations of radiotherapy, surgery, and chemotherapy; 1 dog received no treatment. There were 2 Grade 1, 15 Grade 11, and 7 Grade III tumors. Tumors were stage 0 (n = 8), stage 1 (5), stage 2 (6), stage 3 (4), and stage 4 (1). Mean and median survival times of treated dogs were 36 and 30 months, respectively. Prognostic factors affecting survival time included tumor grade and presence of metastasis at diagnosis. Dogs with Grade I and II tumors survived longer than dogs with Grade III tumors. Variables, including sex, age, gross versus microscopic disease, and treatment type were not found to affect survival. Local control rate was 75% at 1 year and 50% at 3 years. Tumor grade was the only variable found to affect local control. Dogs with Grade I tumors had longer disease-free intervals than those with Grade II tumors, and dogs with Grade II tumors had longer disease-free intervals than dogs with Grade III tumors. Eight of 9 dogs dying of MCT had local or regional disease progression. Muzzle MCT a rebiologically aggressive tumors with higher regional metastatic rates than previously reported for MCT in other sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Gieger
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA.
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Abstract
EPO is a hematopoietic growth factor produced in the kidney that stimulates erythropoiesis. It effectively treats hypoproliferative anemia associated with CRF, improving quality of life in these patients. Other uses that are poorly characterized in veterinary medicine include treatment of cancer patients on chemotherapy, hematologic disorders, and anemic FeLV-infected cats as well as preoperative conditioning for elective surgeries that may involve significant blood loss. Careful monitoring of therapy is necessary for optimal results. Several complications are associated with rHuEPO therapy. The production of anti-rHuEPO antibodies is the most significant and can be a life-threatening event. Alternatives to human EPO are being sought to provide beneficial effects while avoiding antibody formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy E Langston
- Department of Medicine, Animal Medical Center, 510 East 62nd Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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