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Atarashi R, Takahashi T, Hayashi N, Okawa R. [Echo Train Length (ETL) of Fluid-attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) and Extraction Volume of White Matter Hyperintensity Volume in Automated White Matter Signal Analysis]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2023; 79:1158-1167. [PMID: 37612045 DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.2023-1359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether the volume of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) extracted from FLAIR images changes when the imaging parameters of the original images are changed. METHODS Seven healthy volunteers were imaged by changing the imaging parameter ETL of FLAIR images, and WMHs were extracted and their volumes were calculated by the automatic extraction software. The results were statistically analyzed to examine the relationship (Experiment 1). Simulated images with different SNRs were created by adding white noise to four examples of healthy volunteer images. The SNR of the simulated images simulated the SNR of the measured images of different ETLs. The WMH was extracted from the simulated images and its volume was calculated using the automatic extraction software (Experiment 2). RESULTS Experiment 1 showed that there was no significant difference between FLAIR imaging parameters and WMH volume in automatic white matter signal analysis, except for some conditions. Experiment 2 showed that as the SNR of the original image decreased, the volume of high white matter signal extracted decreased. CONCLUSION In automatic white matter signal analysis, WMH was shown to be small when the ETL of the FLAIR sequence was larger than normal and/or the SNR of the image was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Atarashi
- Graduate School of Radiological Technology, Gunma Prefectural College of Health Sciences
| | - Tetsuhiko Takahashi
- Department of Radiological Technology, Gunma Prefectural College of Health Sciences
| | - Norio Hayashi
- Department of Radiological Technology, Gunma Prefectural College of Health Sciences
| | - Ryuya Okawa
- Graduate School of Radiological Technology, Gunma Prefectural College of Health Sciences
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Mihara Memorial Hospital
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2
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Nakase T, Tatewaki Y, Thyreau B, Odagiri H, Tomita N, Yamamoto S, Takano Y, Muranaka M, Taki Y. Impact of atrial fibrillation on the cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:15. [PMID: 36635728 PMCID: PMC9838038 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a strong risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) independent of ischemic stroke. However, the clinicopathological impact of AF on the severity of AD has not been well elucidated. We aimed to investigate the clinical differences between dementia patients with AF and those without AF by means of imaging data. METHODS Following approval from the institutional ethics committee, patients with newly diagnosed AD or amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) were retrospectively screened (n = 170, 79.5 ± 7.4 years old). Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Based on the MRI data, the cerebral volume, cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), periventricular white matter lesions (WMLs), and deep WMLs were evaluated. The regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured using 123I-IMP SPECT. RESULTS Of the patients, 14 (8.2%) and 156 (91.8%) had AF (AF group) and sinus rhythm (SR group), respectively. The AF group had significantly lower MMSE scores than the SR group (average [standard deviation (SD)]: 19.4 [4.4] and 22.0 [4.4], respectively; p = 0.0347). Cerebral volume and CMBs did not differ between the two groups. The periventricular WMLs, but not the deep WMLs, were significantly larger in the AF group than in the SR group (mean [SD] mL: 6.85 [3.78] and 4.37 [3.21], respectively; p = 0.0070). However, there was no significant difference in rCBF in the areas related to AD pathology between the two groups. CONCLUSION AD and aMCI patients with AF showed worse cognitive decline along with larger periventricular WMLs compared to those with SR, although the reduction of rCBF was not different between patients with AF and SR. The white matter lesions may be a more important pathology than the impairment of cerebral blood flow in dementia patients with AF. A larger study is needed to confirm our findings in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taizen Nakase
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo Machi, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Smart Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuko Tatewaki
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo Machi, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Benjamin Thyreau
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Smart Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hayato Odagiri
- grid.412757.20000 0004 0641 778XDivision of Radiology, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoki Tomita
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo Machi, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Shuzo Yamamoto
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo Machi, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Yumi Takano
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo Machi, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Michiho Muranaka
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo Machi, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Aging Research and Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo Machi, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575 Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Smart Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Brkic S, Veres B, Thurnher MM, Boban J, Radovanovic B, Tomic S, Kozic D. CNS efficacy parameters of combination antiretroviral therapy in chronic HIV infection: A multi-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Front Neurol 2023; 14:943183. [PMID: 37034085 PMCID: PMC10081682 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.943183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the correlations of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) efficacy parameters in the central nervous system (CNS) with a neurometabolic profile on magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in virally suppressed, neurologically asymptomatic HIV+ individuals. In total, 32 HIV+ individuals on stable cART with an average age of 41.97 ± 10.12 years and with available clinical data, CNS penetration effectiveness (CPE), and monocyte efficacy (ME) scores underwent multi-voxel MRS. The parameters of neuronal number/function (NAA/Cr), membrane turnover (Cho/Cr), and glial proliferation (mI/Cr) were analyzed in supratentorial white and gray matter. Correlations of CPE and ME with neurometabolic ratios were performed using Pearson's correlation test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. A strong positive correlation was observed between Cho/Cr and CPE in the left parietal subcortical white matter (r = 0.577, p = 0.001). A strong positive correlation between NAA/Cr and ME was obtained in the left (r = 0.521, p = 0.003) and the right (r = 0.494, p = 0.005) posterior cingulate. A strong negative correlation between ME and Cho/Cr ratios was observed in the right frontal deep white matter (r = -0.569, p = 0.001). Indices designed to assess cART efficacy in CNS failed to present significant correlations with the neurometabolic profile obtained using MRS. There is a need to define more potent non-invasive tools for neuroinflammation assessment given the prolonged life expectancy in the HIV+ population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snezana Brkic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Benjamin Veres
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Majda M. Thurnher
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmina Boban
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Jasmina Boban
| | | | - Slavica Tomic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dusko Kozic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Imaizumi T, Nomura T, Komura S, Inamura S, Tamada T, Kanno A, Nonaka T. Cerebrospinal Fluid CSF Flow Artifacts are Associated with Brain Pulsation in Patients with Severe Carotid Artery Stenoses. Curr Neurovasc Res 2022; 19:311-320. [PMID: 36284395 DOI: 10.2174/1567202620666221024123117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the factors associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow artifacts on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging in patients with carotid artery (CA) stenosis. METHODS Each CSF artifact grade was defined by comparing the highest intensity in a given region of interest (ROI) to those in reference ROIs, as follows: higher than the intensity of normal white matter in the centrum semiovale = 2 points; equal to or less than the white matter, and higher than CSF = 1 point; and equal to CSF = 0. CSF flow scores in eight sites were measured and added to the total score (0 -16). The prevalences of each finding, specifically white matter lesions, CA stenoses and brain atrophy, were compared using multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS We evaluated the findings in 54 patients with CA stenosis treated by CA stenting (CAS) and 200 adults with no history of neurological disorders (control group). Adjusted by stroke risk factors, a CSF flow score ≤ 11 was positively associated with CA stenosis, heart rate > 70 / min, and brain atrophy, and negatively with the female gender. The score was 12.8 ± 1.8 in the control group and 12.0 ± 2.0 in CA stenosis group after CAS, which was significantly higher than before CAS (10.4 ± 2.8, p<0.001). CONCLUSION The CSF flow score was associated with female gender, brain atrophy, heart rate, and severe CA stenosis, and was found to be elevated after revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Imaizumi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kushiro City General Hospital, 1-12 Shunkodai, Kushiro, Hokkaido 085-0822, Japan
| | - Tatsufumi Nomura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Shiroishi Memorial Hospital, Minami 1-10, Hondori 8, Shiroishi-ku, Sapporo 003-0026, Japan
| | - Shoichi Komura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kushiro City General Hospital, 1-12 Shunkodai, Kushiro, Hokkaido 085-0822, Japan
| | - Shigeru Inamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kushiro City General Hospital, 1-12 Shunkodai, Kushiro, Hokkaido 085-0822, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Tamada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kushiro City General Hospital, 1-12 Shunkodai, Kushiro, Hokkaido 085-0822, Japan
| | - Aya Kanno
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kushiro City General Hospital, 1-12 Shunkodai, Kushiro, Hokkaido 085-0822, Japan
| | - Tadashi Nonaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Shiroishi Memorial Hospital, Minami 1-10, Hondori 8, Shiroishi-ku, Sapporo 003-0026, Japan
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Pandey S, Joutsa J, Mehanna R, Shukla AW, Rodriguez‐Porcel F, Espay AJ. Gaps, Controversies, and Proposed Roadmap for Research in Poststroke Movement Disorders. Mov Disord 2022; 37:1996-2007. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.29218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Pandey
- Department of Neurology Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research New Delhi India
- Department of Neurology, Amrita Hospital, Mata Amritanandamayi Marg Sector 88, Faridabad Delhi National Capital Region India
| | - Juho Joutsa
- Turku Brain and Mind Center, Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Neurocenter Turku University Hospital Turku Finland
| | - Raja Mehanna
- UT Move, Department of Neurology University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston‐McGovern Medical School Houston Texas USA
| | - Aparna Wagle Shukla
- Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | | | - Alberto J. Espay
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center Cincinnati Ohio USA
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Komura S, Nomura T, Imaizumi T, Inamura S, Kanno A, Honda O, Hashimoto Y, Nonaka T. Asymptomatic cerebral findings on 3-Tesla MRI in patients with severe carotid artery stenoses. J Clin Neurosci 2022; 101:106-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Agrawal S, Schneider JA. Vascular pathology and pathogenesis of cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults. CEREBRAL CIRCULATION - COGNITION AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 3:100148. [PMID: 36324408 PMCID: PMC9616381 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2022.100148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It is well recognized that brains of older people often harbor cerebrovascular disease pathology including vessel disease and vascular-related tissue injuries and that this is associated with vascular cognitive impairment and contributes to dementia. Here we review vascular pathologies, cognitive impairment, and dementia. We highlight the importance of mixed co-morbid AD/non-AD neurodegenerative and vascular pathology that has been collected in multiple clinical pathologic studies, especially in community-based studies. We also provide an update of vascular pathologies from the Rush Memory and Aging Project and Religious Orders Study cohorts with special emphasis on the differences across age in persons with and without dementia. Finally, we discuss neuropathological perspectives on the interpretation of clinical-pathological studies and emerging data in community-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Agrawal
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Jelke Building, 1750 W. Harrison Street, Chicago 60612, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julie A. Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Jelke Building, 1750 W. Harrison Street, Chicago 60612, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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8
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Mitroi DN, Tian M, Kawaguchi R, Lowry WE, Carmichael ST. Single-nucleus transcriptome analysis reveals disease- and regeneration-associated endothelial cells in white matter vascular dementia. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:3183-3195. [PMID: 35543222 PMCID: PMC9170821 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular dementia (VaD) is the accumulation of vascular lesions in the subcortical white matter of the brain. These lesions progress and there is no direct medical therapy. AIMS To determine the specific cellular responses in VaD so as to provide molecular targets for therapeutic development. MATERIALS AND METHODS Single-nucleus transcriptome analysis was performed in human periventricular white matter (PVWM) samples of VaD and normal control (NC) subjects. RESULTS Differential analysis shows that cell type-specific transcriptomic changes in VaD are associated with the disruption of specific biological processes, including angiogenesis, immune activation, axonal injury and myelination. Each cell type in the neurovascular unit within white matter has a specific alteration in gene expression in VaD. In a central cell type for this disease, subcluster analysis of endothelial cells (EC) indicates that VaD contains a disease-associated EC subcluster that expresses genes associated with programmed cell death and a response to protein folding. Two other subpopulations of EC in VaD express molecular systems associated with regenerative processes in angiogenesis, and in axonal sprouting and oligodendrocyte progenitor cell maturation. CONCLUSION This comprehensive molecular profiling of brain samples from patients with VaD reveals previously unknown molecular changes in cells of the neurovascular niche, and an attempt at regeneration in injured white matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N. Mitroi
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral SciencesDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Min Tian
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral SciencesDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral SciencesDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - William E. Lowry
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental BiologyUCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - S. Thomas Carmichael
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral SciencesDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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Cerebral small vessel disease alters neurovascular unit regulation of microcirculation integrity involved in vascular cognitive impairment. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 170:105750. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Cognition, mood and behavior in CADASIL. CEREBRAL CIRCULATION - COGNITION AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 3:100043. [PMID: 36324403 PMCID: PMC9616390 DOI: 10.1016/j.cccb.2022.100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
CADASIL is responsible for cognitive, mood or behavior disturbances. Cognitive disturbances range from moderate cognitive slowing to impairment of executive functions and may progress to a global decrease of cognitive efficiency up to severe dementia. Mood disturbances are extremely variable in intensity, depression is the most frequent symptom. Behavioral changes may occur at all stage of the disease, but are often associated with the onset of cognitive alterations. Apathy is the most prominent behavior alteration.
CADASIL is the most common familial cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). Stereotyped mutations of the NOTCH3 gene are responsible for this archetypal ischemic cSVD that can lead, at the very end stage, to severe dementia. Variable cognitive alterations, mood, or behavior disturbances are frequently observed during the course of the disease. In this review, these clinical manifestations, their occurrence, severity and duration are analyzed in relation to the disease progression. Also, the potential relationships with cerebral lesions and treatment options are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto J Espay
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, 260 Stetson St., Suite 2300, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Tamura Y, Shimoji K, Ishikawa J, Matsuo Y, Watanabe S, Takahashi H, Zen S, Tachibana A, Omura T, Kodera R, Oba K, Toyoshima K, Chiba Y, Tokumaru AM, Araki A. Subclinical Atherosclerosis, Vascular Risk Factors, and White Matter Alterations in Diffusion Tensor Imaging Findings of Older Adults With Cardiometabolic Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:712385. [PMID: 34489681 PMCID: PMC8417784 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.712385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
White matter abnormalities may reflect cerebral microvessel disease. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can help detect early changes in white matter integrity in each tract. However, studies investigating the relationship between subclinical atherosclerosis markers and white matter alterations in DTI findings are limited. This study aimed to examine associations between cardiovascular risk factors and indices of subclinical atherosclerosis-ankle brachial index (ABI), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), and carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT)-and altered white matter integrity in older patients. A total of 224 patients (aged ≥65 years) with cardiometabolic disease who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and either plethysmography or cervical ultrasound at the start of the 3-year observational study period were included in this study. We measured fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), which are indices of white matter integrity in seven white matter tracts. In a univariate analysis, lower ABI and higher baPWV values were associated with FA or MD abnormalities in several tracts, whereas IMT was scarcely associated with such change. In addition, high blood pressure and glycoalbumin/glycohemoglobin ratio (GA/HbA1c) and low body mass index (BMI) and triglyceride (TG) levels were associated with FA or MD abnormalities. In a multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, BMI, diastolic blood pressure, TG, and GA/HbA1c, the associations between ABI and FA or MD remained in all of either side of the following tracts: anterior thalamic radiation, forceps minor, inferior frontooccipital fasciculus (p < 0.001 for all) and superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF; p < 0.05), whereas most of those between baPWV and FA or MD disappeared except for SLF (p < 0.05). These results indicate that low ABI could be an indicator of white matter abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Tamura
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keigo Shimoji
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Joji Ishikawa
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Matsuo
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - So Watanabe
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisae Takahashi
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shugo Zen
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Tachibana
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Omura
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Remi Kodera
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Oba
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Toyoshima
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Chiba
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya M Tokumaru
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Araki
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Humphreys CA, Smith C, Wardlaw JM. Correlations in post-mortem imaging-histopathology studies of sporadic human cerebral small vessel disease: A systematic review. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 47:910-930. [PMID: 34037264 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Sporadic human cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) commonly causes stroke and dementia but its pathogenesis is poorly understood. There are recognised neuroimaging and histopathological features. However, relatively few studies have examined the relationship between the radiological and pathological correlates of SVD; better correlation would promote greater insight into the underlying biological changes. METHODS We performed a systematic review to collate and appraise the information derived from studies that correlated histological with neuroimaging-defined SVD lesions. We searched for studies describing post-mortem imaging and histological tissue examination in adults, extracted data from published studies, categorised the information and compiled this narrative. RESULTS We identified 38 relevant studies, including at least 1146 subjects, 342 of these with SVD: 29 studies focussed on neuroradiological white matter lesions (WML), six on microinfarcts and three on dilated perivascular spaces (PVS) and lacunes. The histopathology terminology was diverse with few robust definitions. Reporting and methodology varied widely between studies, precluding formal meta-analysis. PVS and 'oedema' were frequent findings in WML, being described in at least 94 and 18 radiological WML, respectively, in addition to myelin pallor. Histopathological changes extended beyond the radiological lesion margins in at least 33 radiological WML. At least 43 radiological lesions not seen pathologically and at least 178 histological lesions were not identified on imaging. CONCLUSIONS Histopathological assessment of human SVD is hindered by inconsistent methodological approaches and unstandardised definitions. The data from this systematic review will help to develop standardised definitions to promote consistency in human SVD research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colin Smith
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Row Fogo Centre for Research into Ageing and the Brain, Edinburgh, UK
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Llorente IL, Xie Y, Mazzitelli JA, Hatanaka EA, Cinkornpumin J, Miller DR, Lin Y, Lowry WE, Carmichael ST. Patient-derived glial enriched progenitors repair functional deficits due to white matter stroke and vascular dementia in rodents. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/590/eaaz6747. [PMID: 33883275 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz6747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Subcortical white matter stroke (WMS) accounts for up to 30% of all stroke events. WMS damages primarily astrocytes, axons, oligodendrocytes, and myelin. We hypothesized that a therapeutic intervention targeting astrocytes would be ideally suited for brain repair after WMS. We characterize the cellular properties and in vivo tissue repair activity of glial enriched progenitor (GEP) cells differentiated from human-induced pluripotent stem cells, termed hiPSC-derived GEPs (hiPSC-GEPs). hiPSC-GEPs are derived from hiPSC-neural progenitor cells via an experimental manipulation of hypoxia inducible factor activity by brief treatment with a prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, deferoxamine. This treatment permanently biases these cells to further differentiate toward an astrocyte fate. hiPSC-GEPs transplanted into the brain in the subacute period after WMS in mice migrated widely, matured into astrocytes with a prorepair phenotype, induced endogenous oligodendrocyte precursor proliferation and remyelination, and promoted axonal sprouting. hiPSC-GEPs enhanced motor and cognitive recovery compared to other hiPSC-differentiated cell types. This approach establishes an hiPSC-derived product with easy scale-up capabilities that might be effective for treating WMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene L Llorente
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yuan Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jose A Mazzitelli
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Emily A Hatanaka
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jessica Cinkornpumin
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David R Miller
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ying Lin
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - William E Lowry
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - S Thomas Carmichael
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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15
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Conrad F, Hirsiger S, Winklhofer S, Baumgartner MR, Stämpfli P, Seifritz E, Wegener S, Quednow BB. Use of levamisole-adulterated cocaine is associated with increased load of white matter lesions. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2021; 46:E281-E291. [PMID: 33844483 PMCID: PMC8061741 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.200057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cocaine use has been associated with vascular pathologies, including cerebral white matter hyperintensities. Street cocaine is most often adulterated with levamisole, an anthelminthic drug that may also be associated with vascular toxicity. However, whether levamisole exposure from cocaine consumption further accelerates the development of white matter lesions remains unknown. Methods We investigated the association of cocaine and levamisole exposure with white matter hyperintensities in 35 chronic cocaine users and 34 healthy controls. We measured cocaine and levamisole concentrations in hair samples, which reflected exposure up to 6 months previously. We assessed the number and total surface area of the white matter hyperintensities using structural MRI (FLAIR sequence). Using generalized linear models, we analyzed the contributions of cocaine and levamisole to the number and area of white matter hyperintensities, accounting for several confounding factors. Results Analysis using generalized linear models revealed that cocaine users had more white matter hyperintensities in terms of total surface area, but not in terms of number. Further generalized linear models that included cocaine and levamisole hair concentrations (instead of group) as predictors indicated that levamisole exposure was strongly associated with more and larger white matter hyperintensities, suggesting that the elevated white matter hyperintensities in cocaine users were driven mainly by levamisole exposure. Finally, white matter hyperintensities in levamisole-exposed cocaine users were located primarily in the periventricular and juxtacortical white matter. Limitations The sample size was moderate, and blood pressure was not systematically assessed. Conclusion As an adulterant of cocaine, levamisole appears to increase the risk of white matter injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Conrad
- From the Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland (Conrad, Wegener); the Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland (Hirsiger, Stämpfli, Seifritz, Quednow); the Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, Switzerland (Winklhofer); the Center of Forensic Hair Analytics, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland (Baumgartner); and the Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Switzerland (Seifritz, Wegener, Quednow)
| | - Sarah Hirsiger
- From the Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland (Conrad, Wegener); the Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland (Hirsiger, Stämpfli, Seifritz, Quednow); the Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, Switzerland (Winklhofer); the Center of Forensic Hair Analytics, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland (Baumgartner); and the Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Switzerland (Seifritz, Wegener, Quednow)
| | - Sebastian Winklhofer
- From the Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland (Conrad, Wegener); the Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland (Hirsiger, Stämpfli, Seifritz, Quednow); the Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, Switzerland (Winklhofer); the Center of Forensic Hair Analytics, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland (Baumgartner); and the Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Switzerland (Seifritz, Wegener, Quednow)
| | - Markus R Baumgartner
- From the Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland (Conrad, Wegener); the Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland (Hirsiger, Stämpfli, Seifritz, Quednow); the Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, Switzerland (Winklhofer); the Center of Forensic Hair Analytics, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland (Baumgartner); and the Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Switzerland (Seifritz, Wegener, Quednow)
| | - Philipp Stämpfli
- From the Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland (Conrad, Wegener); the Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland (Hirsiger, Stämpfli, Seifritz, Quednow); the Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, Switzerland (Winklhofer); the Center of Forensic Hair Analytics, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland (Baumgartner); and the Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Switzerland (Seifritz, Wegener, Quednow)
| | - Erich Seifritz
- From the Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland (Conrad, Wegener); the Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland (Hirsiger, Stämpfli, Seifritz, Quednow); the Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, Switzerland (Winklhofer); the Center of Forensic Hair Analytics, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland (Baumgartner); and the Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Switzerland (Seifritz, Wegener, Quednow)
| | - Susanne Wegener
- From the Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland (Conrad, Wegener); the Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland (Hirsiger, Stämpfli, Seifritz, Quednow); the Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, Switzerland (Winklhofer); the Center of Forensic Hair Analytics, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland (Baumgartner); and the Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Switzerland (Seifritz, Wegener, Quednow)
| | - Boris B Quednow
- From the Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland (Conrad, Wegener); the Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland (Hirsiger, Stämpfli, Seifritz, Quednow); the Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, Switzerland (Winklhofer); the Center of Forensic Hair Analytics, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland (Baumgartner); and the Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Switzerland (Seifritz, Wegener, Quednow)
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16
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Yang B, Luo C, Yu M, Zhou L, Tao B, Tang B, Zhou Y, Zhu J, Huang M, Peng F, Liu Y, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Xue J, Li Y, Wang Y, Li Z, Lu Y, Lui S, Gong Y. Changes of Brain Structure in Patients With Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer After Long-Term Target Therapy With EGFR-TKI. Front Oncol 2021; 10:573512. [PMID: 33489880 PMCID: PMC7815525 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.573512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) therapy is the routine treatment for patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring positive EGFR mutations. Patients who undergo such treatment have reported cognitive decline during follow-up. This study, therefore, aimed to evaluate brain structural changes in patients receiving EGFR-TKI to increase understanding of this potential symptom. Method The medical records of 75 patients with metastatic NSCLC (without brain metastasis or other co-morbidities) who received EGFR-TKI therapy from 2010 to 2017 were reviewed. The modified Scheltens Visual Scale and voxel-based morphometry were used to evaluate changes in white matter lesions (WML) and gray matter volume (GMV), respectively. Results The WML scores were higher at the 12-month [8.65 ± 3.86; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.60–2.35; p < 0.001] and 24-month follow-ups (10.11 ± 3.85; 95% CI, 2.98–3.87; p < 0.001) compared to baseline (6.68 ± 3.64). At the 24-month follow-up, the visual scores were also significantly higher in younger patients (3.89 ± 2.04) than in older patients (3.00 ± 1.78; p = 0.047) and higher in female patients (3.80 ± 2.04) than in male patients (2.73 ± 1.56; p = 0.023). Additionally, significant GMV loss was observed in sub-regions of the right occipital lobe (76.71 voxels; 95% CI, 40.740–112.69 voxels), left occipital lobe (93.48 voxels; 95% CI, 37.48–149.47 voxels), and left basal ganglia (37.57 voxels; 95% CI, 21.58–53.57 voxels) (all p < 0.005; cluster-level false discovery rate < 0.05). Conclusions An increase in WMLs and loss of GMV were observed in patients with metastatic NSCLC undergoing long-term EGFR-TKI treatment. This might reflect an unknown side-effect of EGFR-TKI treatment. Further prospective studies are necessary to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beisheng Yang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunli Luo
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Tao
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Biqiu Tang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meijuan Huang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianxin Xue
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanying Li
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - You Lu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Su Lui
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Youling Gong
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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17
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Kumon Y, Watanabe H, Tagawa M, Inoue A, Ohnishi T, Kunieda T. Relationship between Deep White Matter Hyperintensities on Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Postoperative Cognitive Function Following Clipping of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2020; 61:152-161. [PMID: 33390419 PMCID: PMC7905299 DOI: 10.2176/nmc.oa.2020-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effects on cognitive function of deep white matter hyperintensities (DWMHs) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients treated surgically for unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs). The subjects were 106 patients in whom a Wechsler adult intelligence scale-revised (WAIS-R) examination was performed 1 week before and 1 month after clipping surgery for asymptomatic UIAs. DWMH severity was evaluated on preoperative MR images by Fazekas scale, as follows: none (absence), mild (punctate foci), moderate (beginning confluence of foci), or severe (large confluent areas). A decrease of 7 or more points in intelligence quotient (IQ) postoperatively was considered deterioration. Fazekas score was none in 41 (none group), mild in 42 (mild group), moderate in 21, and severe in 2 patients (moderate/severe group). Patient characteristics, surgical factors, IQ change, and abnormal findings on postoperative MRI were compared among the groups. Although there was no statistically significant deterioration in IQ postoperatively in any group, the percentage of deteriorated patients was significantly higher in the moderate/severe group (34.8%) than in the other groups (4.9% in the none group, 7.1% in the mild group; p <0.01, p <0.05, respectively). Brain injury was observed more frequently on postoperative MR images in the moderate/severe group (17.4%) compared with the none group (2.4%; p = 0.052). The presence of moderate/severe DWMHs was an independent prognostic factor for postoperative cognitive dysfunction. In conclusion, the presence of moderate/severe DWMHs was a prognostic factor for postoperative cognitive dysfunction after surgery for UIAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Kumon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washokai Sadamoto Hospital, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hideaki Watanabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Akihiro Inoue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takanori Ohnishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washokai Sadamoto Hospital, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takeharu Kunieda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
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18
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Qu M, Kwapong WR, Peng C, Cao Y, Lu F, Shen M, Han Z. Retinal sublayer defect is independently associated with the severity of hypertensive white matter hyperintensity. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01521. [PMID: 31875660 PMCID: PMC7010590 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association of specific retinal sublayer thicknesses on optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers using the Fazekas scale in hypertensive white matter hyperintensity (WMH) subjects. METHODS Eighty-eight participants (32 healthy controls and 56 hypertensive white matter hyperintensity subjects) underwent retinal imaging using the OCT and MRI. A custom-built algorithm was used to measure the thicknesses of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer (GCIP). Focal markers for white matter hyperintensities were assessed on MRI and graded using the Fazekas visual rating. RESULTS Hypertensive WMH showed significantly reduced (p < .05) RNFL and GCIP layers when compared to healthy controls, respectively. A significant correlation was found between the RNFL (ρ = -.246, p < .001) and GCIP (ρ = -.338, p < .001) of the total participants and the Fazekas score, respectively. Statistical differences were still significant (p < .05) when correlations were adjusted for intereye correlation, age, hypertension, smoking, body mass index, and diabetes. Among the cases of hypertensive WMH, higher Fazekas scores were significantly associated (p < .05) with the thinning of both the RNFL and GCIP layers after adjustment of age and other risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Retinal degeneration in the RNFL and GCIP was independently associated with focal lesions in the white matter of the brain and deteriorates with the severity of the lesions. We suggest that imaging and measurement of the retinal sublayers using the OCT may provide evidence on neurodegeneration in WMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Qu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou University Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | | | - Chenlei Peng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yungang Cao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fan Lu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Meixiao Shen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhao Han
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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19
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Rajani RM, Ratelade J, Domenga-Denier V, Hase Y, Kalimo H, Kalaria RN, Joutel A. Blood brain barrier leakage is not a consistent feature of white matter lesions in CADASIL. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:187. [PMID: 31753008 PMCID: PMC6873485 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0844-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a genetic paradigm of small vessel disease (SVD) caused by NOTCH3 mutations that stereotypically lead to the vascular accumulation of NOTCH3 around smooth muscle cells and pericytes. White matter (WM) lesions (WMLs) are the earliest and most frequent abnormalities, and can be associated with lacunar infarcts and enlarged perivascular spaces (ePVS). The prevailing view is that blood brain barrier (BBB) leakage, possibly mediated by pericyte deficiency, plays a pivotal role in the formation of WMLs. Herein, we investigated the involvement of BBB leakage and pericyte loss in CADASIL WMLs. Using post-mortem brain tissue from 12 CADASIL patients and 10 age-matched controls, we found that WMLs are heterogeneous, and that BBB leakage reflects the heterogeneity. Specifically, while fibrinogen extravasation was significantly increased in WMLs surrounding ePVS and lacunes, levels of fibrinogen leakage were comparable in WMLs without other pathology ("pure" WMLs) to those seen in the normal appearing WM of patients and controls. In a mouse model of CADASIL, which develops WMLs but no lacunes or ePVS, we detected no extravasation of endogenous fibrinogen, nor of injected small or large tracers in WMLs. Moreover, there was no evidence of pericyte coverage modification in any type of WML in either CADASIL patients or mice. These data together indicate that WMLs in CADASIL encompass distinct classes of WM changes and argue against the prevailing hypothesis that pericyte coverage loss and BBB leakage are the primary drivers of WMLs. Our results also have important implications for the interpretation of studies on the BBB in living patients, which may misinterpret evidence of BBB leakage within WM hyperintensities as suggesting a BBB related mechanism for all WMLs, when in fact this may only apply to a subset of these lesions.
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20
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Ter Telgte A, van Leijsen EMC, Wiegertjes K, Klijn CJM, Tuladhar AM, de Leeuw FE. Cerebral small vessel disease: from a focal to a global perspective. Nat Rev Neurol 2019; 14:387-398. [PMID: 29802354 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-018-0014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is commonly observed on neuroimaging among elderly individuals and is recognized as a major vascular contributor to dementia, cognitive decline, gait impairment, mood disturbance and stroke. However, clinical symptoms are often highly inconsistent in nature and severity among patients with similar degrees of SVD on brain imaging. Here, we provide a new framework based on new advances in structural and functional neuroimaging that aims to explain the remarkable clinical variation in SVD. First, we discuss the heterogeneous pathology present in SVD lesions despite an identical appearance on imaging and the perilesional and remote effects of these lesions. We review effects of SVD on structural and functional connectivity in the brain, and we discuss how network disruption by SVD can lead to clinical deficits. We address reserve and compensatory mechanisms in SVD and discuss the part played by other age-related pathologies. Finally, we conclude that SVD should be considered a global rather than a focal disease, as the classically recognized focal lesions affect remote brain structures and structural and functional network connections. The large variability in clinical symptoms among patients with SVD can probably be understood by taking into account the heterogeneity of SVD lesions, the effects of SVD beyond the focal lesions, the contribution of neurodegenerative pathologies other than SVD, and the interaction with reserve mechanisms and compensatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke Ter Telgte
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Donders Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Esther M C van Leijsen
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Donders Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Kim Wiegertjes
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Donders Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Catharina J M Klijn
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Donders Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Anil M Tuladhar
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Donders Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Frank-Erik de Leeuw
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Donders Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
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21
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Passiak BS, Liu D, Kresge HA, Cambronero FE, Pechman KR, Osborn KE, Gifford KA, Hohman TJ, Schrag MS, Davis LT, Jefferson AL. Perivascular spaces contribute to cognition beyond other small vessel disease markers. Neurology 2019; 92:e1309-e1321. [PMID: 30814324 PMCID: PMC6511092 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To cross-sectionally relate multiple small vessel disease (SVD) neuroimaging markers to cognition among older adults. METHODS Vanderbilt Memory & Aging Project participants free of clinical dementia and stroke (n = 327, age 73 ± 7 years, 59% male, 40% with mild cognitive impairment) completed neuropsychological assessment and 3T MRI to measure white matter hyperintensities (WMH), perivascular spaces (PVS), cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), and lacunes. Linear regressions related each SVD marker to neuropsychological performances and adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, cognitive diagnosis, APOE ε4 presence, Framingham Stroke Risk Profile, and intracranial volume. RESULTS WMH related to the most neuropsychological measures, including the Boston Naming Test, Animal Naming, Coding, Number Sequencing, Executive Function Composite, and Hooper Visual Organization Test performances (p ≤ 0.01). PVS related to multiple information processing and executive function performances (p ≤ 0.02). Lacunes and CMBs related to fewer measures than expected. Combined models simultaneously testing multiple statistically significant SVD predictors suggested that WMH, PVS, and CMBs each independently related to information processing and executive function performances; however, compared to other SVD markers, PVS remained statistically significant in models related to information processing and executive functioning performances. CONCLUSIONS As expected, increased WMH corresponded to poorer performances across multiple cognitive domains. PVS, previously considered a benign neuroimaging feature in older adults, may have important clinical implications because PVS was related to information processing and executive function performances even in combined models. On the basis of models with multiple SVD predictors, WMH, PVS, and CMBs may each reflect a separate pathway of small vessel injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany S Passiak
- From the Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center (B.S.P., D.L., H.A.K., F.E.C., K.R.P., K.E.O., K.A.G., T.J.H., M.S.S., A.L.J.), Department of Neurology (K.R.P., K.E.O., K.A.G., T.J.H., M.S.S., A.L.J.), Department of Biostatistics (D.L.), and Radiology & Radiological Sciences (L.T.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; and Vanderbilt University School of Medicine (B.S.P.), Nashville, TN
| | - Dandan Liu
- From the Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center (B.S.P., D.L., H.A.K., F.E.C., K.R.P., K.E.O., K.A.G., T.J.H., M.S.S., A.L.J.), Department of Neurology (K.R.P., K.E.O., K.A.G., T.J.H., M.S.S., A.L.J.), Department of Biostatistics (D.L.), and Radiology & Radiological Sciences (L.T.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; and Vanderbilt University School of Medicine (B.S.P.), Nashville, TN
| | - Hailey A Kresge
- From the Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center (B.S.P., D.L., H.A.K., F.E.C., K.R.P., K.E.O., K.A.G., T.J.H., M.S.S., A.L.J.), Department of Neurology (K.R.P., K.E.O., K.A.G., T.J.H., M.S.S., A.L.J.), Department of Biostatistics (D.L.), and Radiology & Radiological Sciences (L.T.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; and Vanderbilt University School of Medicine (B.S.P.), Nashville, TN
| | - Francis E Cambronero
- From the Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center (B.S.P., D.L., H.A.K., F.E.C., K.R.P., K.E.O., K.A.G., T.J.H., M.S.S., A.L.J.), Department of Neurology (K.R.P., K.E.O., K.A.G., T.J.H., M.S.S., A.L.J.), Department of Biostatistics (D.L.), and Radiology & Radiological Sciences (L.T.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; and Vanderbilt University School of Medicine (B.S.P.), Nashville, TN
| | - Kimberly R Pechman
- From the Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center (B.S.P., D.L., H.A.K., F.E.C., K.R.P., K.E.O., K.A.G., T.J.H., M.S.S., A.L.J.), Department of Neurology (K.R.P., K.E.O., K.A.G., T.J.H., M.S.S., A.L.J.), Department of Biostatistics (D.L.), and Radiology & Radiological Sciences (L.T.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; and Vanderbilt University School of Medicine (B.S.P.), Nashville, TN
| | - Katie E Osborn
- From the Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center (B.S.P., D.L., H.A.K., F.E.C., K.R.P., K.E.O., K.A.G., T.J.H., M.S.S., A.L.J.), Department of Neurology (K.R.P., K.E.O., K.A.G., T.J.H., M.S.S., A.L.J.), Department of Biostatistics (D.L.), and Radiology & Radiological Sciences (L.T.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; and Vanderbilt University School of Medicine (B.S.P.), Nashville, TN
| | - Katherine A Gifford
- From the Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center (B.S.P., D.L., H.A.K., F.E.C., K.R.P., K.E.O., K.A.G., T.J.H., M.S.S., A.L.J.), Department of Neurology (K.R.P., K.E.O., K.A.G., T.J.H., M.S.S., A.L.J.), Department of Biostatistics (D.L.), and Radiology & Radiological Sciences (L.T.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; and Vanderbilt University School of Medicine (B.S.P.), Nashville, TN
| | - Timothy J Hohman
- From the Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center (B.S.P., D.L., H.A.K., F.E.C., K.R.P., K.E.O., K.A.G., T.J.H., M.S.S., A.L.J.), Department of Neurology (K.R.P., K.E.O., K.A.G., T.J.H., M.S.S., A.L.J.), Department of Biostatistics (D.L.), and Radiology & Radiological Sciences (L.T.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; and Vanderbilt University School of Medicine (B.S.P.), Nashville, TN
| | - Matthew S Schrag
- From the Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center (B.S.P., D.L., H.A.K., F.E.C., K.R.P., K.E.O., K.A.G., T.J.H., M.S.S., A.L.J.), Department of Neurology (K.R.P., K.E.O., K.A.G., T.J.H., M.S.S., A.L.J.), Department of Biostatistics (D.L.), and Radiology & Radiological Sciences (L.T.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; and Vanderbilt University School of Medicine (B.S.P.), Nashville, TN
| | - L Taylor Davis
- From the Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center (B.S.P., D.L., H.A.K., F.E.C., K.R.P., K.E.O., K.A.G., T.J.H., M.S.S., A.L.J.), Department of Neurology (K.R.P., K.E.O., K.A.G., T.J.H., M.S.S., A.L.J.), Department of Biostatistics (D.L.), and Radiology & Radiological Sciences (L.T.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; and Vanderbilt University School of Medicine (B.S.P.), Nashville, TN
| | - Angela L Jefferson
- From the Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center (B.S.P., D.L., H.A.K., F.E.C., K.R.P., K.E.O., K.A.G., T.J.H., M.S.S., A.L.J.), Department of Neurology (K.R.P., K.E.O., K.A.G., T.J.H., M.S.S., A.L.J.), Department of Biostatistics (D.L.), and Radiology & Radiological Sciences (L.T.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center; and Vanderbilt University School of Medicine (B.S.P.), Nashville, TN.
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White matter in different regions evolves differently during progression to dementia. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 76:71-79. [PMID: 30703628 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are common in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease. Patients with MCI with high WMH volumes are known to have an increased chance of conversion to Alzheimer's disease compared with those without WMHs. In this article, we assess the differences between patients with MCI that remain stable (N = 413) and those that progress to dementia (N = 178) in terms of WMH volume (as a surrogate of amount of tissue damage) and T1-weighted (T1w) image hypointensity (as a surrogate of severity of tissue damage) in periventricular, deep, and juxtacortical brain regions. Together, lesion volume and T1w hypointensity are used as a surrogate of vascular disease burden. Our results show a significantly greater increase of all regional WMH volumes in the MCI population that converts to dementia (p < 0.001). T1w hypointensity for the juxtacortical WMHs was significantly lower in the converter group (p < 0.0001) and was not affected by age. Conversely, T1w hypointensity in other regions showed a significant decrease with age (p < 0.0001). Within the converters, Time2Conversion was associated with both WMH volume and T1w hypointensity (p < 0.0001), and conversion to dementia was significantly associated with decreased intensity (and not volume) of periventricular and juxtacortical WMHs (p < 0.001). These changes differ according to the WM region, suggesting that different mechanisms affect the juxtacortical area in comparison to deep and periventricular regions in the process of conversion to dementia.
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Forsberg KME, Zhang Y, Reiners J, Ander M, Niedermayer A, Fang L, Neugebauer H, Kassubek J, Katona I, Weis J, Ludolph AC, Del Tredici K, Braak H, Yilmazer-Hanke D. Endothelial damage, vascular bagging and remodeling of the microvascular bed in human microangiopathy with deep white matter lesions. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:128. [PMID: 30470258 PMCID: PMC6260986 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
White matter lesions (WMLs) are a common manifestation of small vessel disease (SVD) in the elderly population. They are associated with an enhanced risk of developing gait abnormalities, poor executive function, dementia, and stroke with high mortality. Hypoperfusion and the resulting endothelial damage are thought to contribute to the development of WMLs. The focus of the present study was the analysis of the microvascular bed in SVD patients with deep WMLs (DWMLs) by using double- and triple-label immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Simultaneous visualization of collagen IV (COLL4)-positive membranes and the endothelial glycocalyx in thick sections allowed us to identify endothelial recession in different types of string vessels, and two new forms of small vessel/capillary pathology, which we called vascular bagging and ghost string vessels. Vascular bags were pouches and tubes that were attached to vessel walls and were formed by multiple layers of COLL4-positive membranes. Vascular bagging was most severe in the DWMLs of cases with pure SVD (no additional vascular brain injury, VBI). Quantification of vascular bagging, string vessels, and the density/size of CD68-positive cells further showed widespread pathological changes in the frontoparietal and/or temporal white matter in SVD, including pure SVD and SVD with VBI, as well as a significant effect of the covariate age. Plasma protein leakage into vascular bags and the white matter parenchyma pointed to endothelial damage and basement membrane permeability. Hypertrophic IBA1-positive microglial cells and CD68-positive macrophages were found in white matter areas covered with networks of ghost vessels in SVD, suggesting phagocytosis of remnants of string vessels. However, the overall vessel density was not altered in our SVD cohort, which might result from continuous replacement of vessels. Our findings support the view that SVD is a progressive and generalized disease process, in which endothelial damage and vascular bagging drive remodeling of the microvasculature.
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White WB, Jalil F, Wakefield DB, Kaplan RF, Bohannon RW, Hall CB, Moscufo N, Fellows D, Guttmann CR, Wolfson L. Relationships among clinic, home, and ambulatory blood pressures with small vessel disease of the brain and functional status in older people with hypertension. Am Heart J 2018; 205:21-30. [PMID: 30145340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subcortical small vessel disease, represented as white matter hyperintensity (WMH) on magnetic resonance images (MRI) is associated with functional decline in older people with hypertension. We evaluated the relationships of clinic and out-of-office blood pressures (BP) with WMH and functional status in older persons. METHODS Using cross-sectional data from 199 older study participants enrolled in the INFINITY trial, we analyzed the clinic, 24-hour ambulatory, and home BPs and their relationships with WMH burden and mobility and cognitive outcomes. RESULTS Volume of WMH was associated with clinic and 24-hour ambulatory systolic BP but not home systolic BP. The mobility measure, supine-to-sit time, had a significant association with 24-hour systolic BP and pulse pressure but not with diastolic BP or values obtained by home BP. Cognitive measures of processing speed (Trails Making Test Part A and the Stroop Word Test) were significantly associated with 24-hour systolic BP, but not clinic and home BPs. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that ambulatory BP measurements in older people are more strongly associated with WMH and certain measures of functional status compared to home BP measurements. Hence, home BP may not be a useful substitute for ambulatory BP for assessing subcortical small vessel disease and its consequences. Further longitudinal analyses comparing clinic and various types of out-of-office BP measures with small vessel brain disease are needed. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01650402.
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25
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Humphreys CA, Jansen MA, Muñoz Maniega S, González-Castro V, Pernet C, Deary IJ, Al-Shahi Salman R, Wardlaw JM, Smith C. A protocol for precise comparisons of small vessel disease lesions between ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology. Int J Stroke 2018; 14:310-320. [PMID: 30196792 PMCID: PMC6604680 DOI: 10.1177/1747493018799962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Rationale Neuroimaging and clinical studies have defined human sporadic cerebral small vessel disease but the pathophysiology remains relatively poorly understood. To develop effective therapies and preventative strategies, we must better understand the heterogeneity and development of small vessel disease at a cellular level. Hypothesis Small vessel disease lesions as seen on neuroimaging have specific neuropathological correlates. Methods and design Standard histological samples are taken from strategic areas of the brain typically affected by small vessel disease, in cases with a range of disease from mild to severe and controls. Tissue is formalin fixed, scanned using 7-tesla magnetic resonance imaging and processed for histology. Histological slides are digitalized then registered with the corresponding magnetic resonance image. Small vessel disease burden is assessed and lesions are precisely identified on the ex vivo imaging and microscopy independently then compared. The tissue can be interrogated using multiple magnetic resonance sequences and histological methods targeting the gliovascular unit. Study outcomes The primary outcome is identifying and defining the cellular characteristics of small vessel disease lesions compared to imaging. Secondary outcomes are related to obtaining information about abnormalities of protein expression in the gliovascular unit, defining groups of small vessel disease severity in our cohorts for future analysis and developing a reliable, reproducible protocol for accurate radiological–histological lesion comparison, which can be applied to other neurological diseases in the future. Discussion Comprehensive, precise pathological–radiological–clinical correlations in small vessel disease will provide greater insight into associations and pathophysiology underlying magnetic resonance imaging findings in normal- and abnormal-appearing tissue, ex vivo and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Humphreys
- 1 Academic Neuropathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,2 Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maurits A Jansen
- 2 Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susana Muñoz Maniega
- 2 Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,3 Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Víctor González-Castro
- 4 Department of Electrical, Systems and Automatic Engineering, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Cyril Pernet
- 2 Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,3 Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- 2 Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,5 Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- 2 Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,3 Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,6 UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Colin Smith
- 1 Academic Neuropathology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,2 Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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26
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Wei C, Zhang S, Liu J, Yuan R, Liu M. Relationship of cardiac biomarkers with white matter hyperintensities in cardioembolic stroke due to atrial fibrillation and/or rheumatic heart disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11892. [PMID: 30113487 PMCID: PMC6112985 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
White matter hyperintensities (WMHs), which are common in elderly people and contribute to age-related disability, can coexist with cardiac injury. It remains unclear whether cardiac biomarkers are associated with WMHs.To investigate this question, we prospectively recruited patients with cardioembolic stroke due to atrial fibrillation (AF) and/or rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Four cardiac biomarkers were measured: myoglobin, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT), creatine kinase-MB, and terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide. WMHs in periventricular and deep white matter were assessed separately.In the entire sample of 171 patients, 120 (70.2%) presented with WMHs, of whom 18 (10.5%) presented with moderate to severe deep white matter hyperintensities (DWMH) and 55 (32.2%) presented with moderate to severe periventricular hyperintensities (PVH). Risk of moderate to severe PVH, after adjusting for confounders, was 2.460-fold higher in patients with high myoglobin levels than in those with low levels, and the risk was 2.608-fold higher in patients with high hs-cTnT levels than in those with low levels. There were no significant associations between any of the 4 cardiac biomarkers and moderate to severe DWMH.This prospective observational study provides new evidence of the potential relationship of cardiac biomarkers with WMHs in patients with cardioembolic stroke due to AF and/or RHD. We found that elevated myoglobin levels and high hs-TnT levels were independently associated with the presence of moderate to severe PVH. Further studies are required to test our findings and explore whether cardiac biomarkers contribute directly to WMHs pathogenesis.
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Moe HK, Moen KG, Skandsen T, Kvistad KA, Laureys S, Håberg A, Vik A. The Influence of Traumatic Axonal Injury in Thalamus and Brainstem on Level of Consciousness at Scene or Admission: A Clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:975-984. [PMID: 29334825 PMCID: PMC5865618 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate how traumatic axonal injury (TAI) lesions in the thalamus, basal ganglia, and brainstem on clinical brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are associated with level of consciousness in the acute phase in patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). There were 158 patients with moderate to severe TBI (7-70 years) with early 1.5T MRI (median 7 days, range 0-35) without mass lesion included prospectively. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores were registered before intubation or at admission. The TAI lesions were identified in T2*gradient echo, fluid attenuated inversion recovery, and diffusion weighted imaging scans. In addition to registering TAI lesions in hemispheric white matter and the corpus callosum, TAI lesions in the thalamus, basal ganglia, and brainstem were classified as uni- or bilateral. Twenty percent of patients had TAI lesions in the thalamus (7% bilateral), 18% in basal ganglia (2% bilateral), and 29% in the brainstem (9% bilateral). One of 26 bilateral lesions in the thalamus or brainstem was found on computed tomography. The GCS scores were lower in patients with bilateral lesions in the thalamus (median four) and brainstem (median five) than in those with corresponding unilateral lesions (median six and eight, p = 0.002 and 0.022). The TAI locations most associated with low GCS scores in univariable ordinal regression analyses were bilateral TAI lesions in the thalamus (odds ratio [OR] 35.8; confidence interval [CI: 10.5-121.8], p < 0.001), followed by bilateral lesions in basal ganglia (OR 13.1 [CI: 2.0-88.2], p = 0.008) and bilateral lesions in the brainstem (OR 11.4 [CI: 4.0-32.2], p < 0.001). This Trondheim TBI study showed that patients with bilateral TAI lesions in the thalamus, basal ganglia, or brainstem had particularly low consciousness at admission. We suggest these bilateral lesions should be evaluated further as possible biomarkers in a new TAI-MRI classification as a worst grade, because they could explain low consciousness in patients without mass lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Kristian Moe
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kent Gøran Moen
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Medical Imaging, Levanger Hospital, Levanger, Norway
| | - Toril Skandsen
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kjell Arne Kvistad
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Steven Laureys
- Coma Science Group, Cyclotron Research Center and University Hospital of Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Asta Håberg
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne Vik
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Moscufo N, Wakefield DB, Meier DS, Cavallari M, Guttmann CRG, White WB, Wolfson L. Longitudinal microstructural changes of cerebral white matter and their association with mobility performance in older persons. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194051. [PMID: 29554115 PMCID: PMC5858767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mobility impairment in older persons is associated with brain white matter hyperintensities (WMH), a common finding in magnetic resonance images and one established imaging biomarker of small vessel disease. The contribution of possible microstructural abnormalities within normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) to mobility, however, remains unclear. We used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures, i.e. fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), to assess microstructural changes within supratentorial NAWM and WMH sub-compartments, and to investigate their association with changes in mobility performance, i.e. Tinetti assessment and the 2.5-meters walk time test. We analyzed baseline (N = 86, age ≥75 years) and 4-year (N = 41) follow-up data. Results from cross-sectional analysis on baseline data showed significant correlation between WMH volume and NAWM-FA (r = -0.33, p = 0.002), NAWM-AD (r = 0.32, p = 0.003) and NAWM-RD (r = 0.39, p = 0.0002). Our longitudinal analysis showed that after 4-years, FA and AD decreased and RD increased within NAWM. In regional tract-based analysis decrease in NAWM-FA and increase in NAWM-RD within the genu of the corpus callosum correlated with slower walk time independent of age, gender and WMH burden. In conclusion, global DTI indices of microstructural integrity indicate that significant changes occur in the supratentorial NAWM over four years. The observed changes likely reflect white matter deterioration resulting from aging as well as accrual of cerebrovascular injury associated with small vessel disease. The observed association between mobility scores and regional measures of NAWM microstructural integrity within the corpus callosum suggests that subtle changes within this structure may contribute to mobility impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Moscufo
- Center for Neurological Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Dorothy B. Wakefield
- Department of Neurology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Dominik S. Meier
- Center for Neurological Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michele Cavallari
- Center for Neurological Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Charles R. G. Guttmann
- Center for Neurological Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - William B. White
- Division of Hypertension and Clinical Pharmacology, Calhoun Cardiology Center (WBW), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Leslie Wolfson
- Department of Neurology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
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Wei CC, Zhang ST, Liu JF, Lin J, Yang TT, Zhang SH, Liu M. Association between Fibrinogen and Leukoaraiosis in Patients with Ischemic Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2017; 26:2630-2637. [PMID: 28823490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukoaraiosis (LA), a surrogate of cerebral small-vessel diseases (CSVD), has been increasingly recognized because of its high prevalence and strong prognostic value in stroke. But the mechanism of LA is incompletely clarified. Fibrinogen is a crucial role in coagulation cascade and inflammation. There are inconsistent reports on the association of fibrinogen with LA in the general population. We aimed to investigate the association between fibrinogen and LA in patients with stroke and atrial fibrillation (AF), which was not ever reported before. METHODS Patients with ischemic stroke and AF were prospectively and consecutively recruited. Clinico-demographic data and fibrinogen levels were collected within 48 hours from stroke onsets and analyzed according to the presence and distribution of LA (periventricular hyperintensity [PVH] and deep white matter hyperintensity). RESULTS Of 186 patients (34.4% male; mean age, 68.76 ± 12.76 years) enrolled, 134 patients (72.0%) presented with LA. Elevated fibrinogen levels were associated with higher presence of LA (P = .005) and PVH (P = .002). After adjustment for the confounders, the fibrinogen levels were independently correlated with LA and PVH (all P <.05). Patients with elevated fibrinogen levels (≥3.5 g/L) were more likely to present with LA and PVH, with the odds ratios of 14.037 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.588-76.131) and 12.567 (95% CI 2.572-61.395), respectively. CONCLUSION This study found that fibrinogen was independently and positively associated with LA and PVH in patients with stroke and AF. These results provide further evidence for the key role of fibrinogen in LA, even the total CSVD burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chen Wei
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shu-Ting Zhang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shi-Hong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
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30
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Bennett IJ, Greenia DE, Maillard P, Sajjadi SA, DeCarli C, Corrada MM, Kawas CH. Age-related white matter integrity differences in oldest-old without dementia. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 56:108-114. [PMID: 28527525 PMCID: PMC5647141 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aging is known to have deleterious effects on cerebral white matter, yet little is known about these white matter alterations in advanced age. In this study, 94 oldest-old adults without dementia (90-103 years) underwent diffusion tensor imaging to assess relationships between chronological age and multiple measures of integrity in 18 white matter regions across the brain. Results revealed significant age-related declines in integrity in regions previously identified as being sensitive to aging in younger-old adults (corpus callosum, fornix, cingulum, external capsule). For the corpus callosum, the effect of age on genu fractional anisotropy was significantly weaker than the relationship between age and splenium fractional anisotropy. Importantly, age-related declines in white matter integrity did not differ in cognitively normal and cognitively impaired not demented oldest-old, suggesting that they were not solely driven by cognitive dysfunction or preclinical dementia in this advanced age group. Instead, white matter in these regions appears to remain vulnerable to normal aging processes through the 10th decade of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana J Bennett
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
| | - Dana E Greenia
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Pauline Maillard
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - S Ahmad Sajjadi
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Maria M Corrada
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Claudia H Kawas
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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Tamura Y, Kimbara Y, Yamaoka T, Sato K, Tsuboi Y, Kodera R, Chiba Y, Mori S, Fujiwara Y, Tokumaru AM, Ito H, Sakurai T, Araki A. White Matter Hyperintensity in Elderly Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated with Cognitive Impairment, Functional Disability, and a High Glycoalbumin/Glycohemoglobin Ratio. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:220. [PMID: 28729834 PMCID: PMC5498506 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Although evidence has accumulated that white matter hyperintensity (WMH) is associated with the deterioration of cognitive function and impairment of activities of daily living (ADL), the clinical relevance of WMH in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is not still clear. The aim of this study was to examine whether WMH volume is associated with ADL and cognitive function and whether glucose control and glucose variability can affect WMH volume in these patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated the associations of WMH with cognitive function and instrumental ADL (IADL), as well as metabolic and vascular risk factors in a total of 178 elderly patients with diabetes. The study assessed WMH volumes and the functional status of cognition and IADL. WMH volumes were evaluated by obtaining axial T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence images on brain magnetic resonance imaging and assessing the images using Software for Neuro-Image Processing in Experimental Research. Results: We found a significant association between WMH volumes and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores (p = 0.039) and between WMH and IADL status (p = 0.006). Furthermore, we found significant relations of large WMH volumes with a high glycoalbumin/glycohemoglobin ratio (GA/HbA1c) (p < 0.001). Large WMH volumes were also found to be associated with a low body mass index (p = 0.014) and a low diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.024), but not with HbA1c. Multiple regression analysis showed that high GA/HbA1c, which reflects high glucose variability, was a significant determining factor for large WMH volumes. We also found that GA/HbA1c was negatively associated with both MMSE (p = 0.036) and IADL (p < 0.001). Conclusion: GA/HbA1c, which is a marker of glucose variability, was independently associated with WMH volumes, which could lead to the decline of cognition and IADL in elderly patients with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Tamura
- Departments of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric HospitalTokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kimbara
- Departments of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric HospitalTokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamaoka
- Departments of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric HospitalTokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Sato
- Departments of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric HospitalTokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Tsuboi
- Departments of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric HospitalTokyo, Japan
| | - Remi Kodera
- Departments of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric HospitalTokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Chiba
- Departments of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric HospitalTokyo, Japan
| | - Seijiro Mori
- Departments of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric HospitalTokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujiwara
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of GerontologyTokyo, Japan
| | - Aya M Tokumaru
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric HospitalTokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Ito
- Departments of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric HospitalTokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakurai
- Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, National Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyAichi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Araki
- Departments of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric HospitalTokyo, Japan
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Han CW, Lee KH, Noh MG, Kim JM, Kim HS, Kim HS, Kim RG, Cho J, Kim HI, Lee MC. An Experimental Infarct Targeting the Internal Capsule: Histopathological and Ultrastructural Changes. J Pathol Transl Med 2017; 51:292-305. [PMID: 28535586 PMCID: PMC5445204 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2017.02.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke involving the cerebral white matter (WM) has increased in prevalence, but most experimental studies have focused on ischemic injury of the gray matter. This study was performed to investigate the WM in a unique rat model of photothrombotic infarct targeting the posterior limb of internal capsule (PLIC), focusing on the identification of the most vulnerable structure in WM by ischemic injury, subsequent glial reaction to the injury, and the fundamental histopathologic feature causing different neurologic outcomes. METHODS Light microscopy with immunohistochemical stains and electron microscopic examinations of the lesion were performed between 3 hours and 21 days post-ischemic injury. RESULTS Initial pathological change develops in myelinated axon, concomitantly with reactive change of astrocytes. The first pathology to present is nodular loosening to separate the myelin sheath with axonal wrinkling. Subsequent pathologies include rupture of the myelin sheath with extrusion of axonal organelles, progressive necrosis, oligodendrocyte degeneration and death, and reactive gliosis. Increase of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity is an early event in the ischemic lesion. WM pathologies result in motor dysfunction. Motor function recovery after the infarct was correlated to the extent of PLIC injury proper rather than the infarct volume. CONCLUSIONS Pathologic changes indicate that the cerebral WM, independent of cortical neurons, is highly vulnerable to the effects of focal ischemia, among which myelin sheath is first damaged. Early increase of GFAP immunoreactivity indicates that astrocyte response initially begins with myelinated axonal injury, and supports the biologic role related to WM injury or plasticity. The reaction of astrocytes in the experimental model might be important for the study of pathogenesis and treatment of the WM stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Woo Han
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Myung Giun Noh
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jin-Myung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Kim
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyung-Sun Kim
- Department of Medical System Engineering and School of Mechatronics, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ra Gyung Kim
- Department of Medical System Engineering and School of Mechatronics, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jongwook Cho
- Department of Medical System Engineering and School of Mechatronics, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyoung-Ihl Kim
- Department of Medical System Engineering and School of Mechatronics, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Min-Cheol Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Gwangju, Korea
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Newton BD, Wright K, Winkler MD, Bovis F, Takahashi M, Dimitrov IE, Sormani MP, Pinho MC, Okuda DT. Three-Dimensional Shape and Surface Features Distinguish Multiple Sclerosis Lesions from Nonspecific White Matter Disease. J Neuroimaging 2017; 27:613-619. [DOI: 10.1111/jon.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Braeden D. Newton
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Neurology & Neurotherapeutics, Neuroinnovation Program, Multiple Sclerosis & Neuroimmunology Imaging Program; Clinical Center for Multiple Sclerosis; Dallas TX
| | - Katy Wright
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Neurology & Neurotherapeutics, Neuroinnovation Program, Multiple Sclerosis & Neuroimmunology Imaging Program; Clinical Center for Multiple Sclerosis; Dallas TX
| | - Mandy D. Winkler
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Neurology & Neurotherapeutics, Neuroinnovation Program, Multiple Sclerosis & Neuroimmunology Imaging Program; Clinical Center for Multiple Sclerosis; Dallas TX
| | - Francesca Bovis
- University of Genoa; Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL); Genoa Italy
| | - Masaya Takahashi
- Advanced Imaging Research Center; UT Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX
| | - Ivan E. Dimitrov
- Advanced Imaging Research Center; UT Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX
- Philips Medical Systems; Cleveland OH
| | - Maria Pia Sormani
- University of Genoa; Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL); Genoa Italy
| | - Marco C. Pinho
- UT Southwestern Medical Center; Department of Radiology; Dallas TX
| | - Darin T. Okuda
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Neurology & Neurotherapeutics, Neuroinnovation Program, Multiple Sclerosis & Neuroimmunology Imaging Program; Clinical Center for Multiple Sclerosis; Dallas TX
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Adachi M, Sato T. Characterization of the Growth of Deep and Subcortical White Matter Hyperintensity on MR Imaging: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Magn Reson Med Sci 2017; 16:238-244. [PMID: 28090008 PMCID: PMC5600031 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.mp.2016-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: In elderly patients, deep and subcortical white matter hyperintense lesions are frequently observed on MRI; however, the growth process of these lesions is unclear. The aims of this retrospective cohort study were to elucidate the growth characteristics of deep and subcortical white matter hyperintense lesions, and to insight their etiology. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 103 patients (1610 lesions) whose deep and subcortical white matter hyperintense lesions were monitored for 3 or more years by MRI examination. The area of each hyperintense lesion was measured using a tracing method in the first and last MRI examinations. The annual rate of increase in the area of each lesion was calculated, and using the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient the correlation between the annual rate of increase in area and the interval between the first and last MRI examinations was determined. Results: The paired t-test showed a significant increase in the mean area of all the deep and subcortical white matter hyperintense lesions between the first and last MRI examinations (P < 0.001). However, hyperintense lesions had decreased in the area or disappeared in 227 (14.1%) lesions in the last MRI examination, particularly in patients with diabetes. The mean annual rate of increase in area of all hyperintense lesions was 0.013 ± 0.021 cm2 per year. The annual rate of increase in area and the interval between the first and last MRI examinations showed a weak negative correlation (r = −0.121; P < 0.01). Conclusion: Decrease in the area and the disappearance of the subcortical white matter hyperintense lesions, and a decline in the annual rate of increase in the lesion area with time suggest that the interstitial fluid accumulation associated with dysfunctional drainage around the vessels may be involved in the possible etiologies of deep and subcortical white matter hyperintense lesions.
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35
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Tamura Y, Araki A. Diabetes mellitus and white matter hyperintensity. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 15 Suppl 1:34-42. [PMID: 26671155 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
White matter hyperintensity (WMH) is a brain lesion detected as a high-intensity area in magnetic resonance imaging T2 and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images, and it has been suggested that WMH reflects damage to small vessels in periventricular and subcortical areas. Although WMH has been linked to the incidence of stroke, more recently it has been clarified that WMH is also associated with progression of cognitive decline and functional disability, which are components of so-called geriatric syndrome. In addition to hypertension, which is the classical risk factor for WMH, evidence has been accumulating to suggest that diabetes mellitus could also be associated with WMH progression, and some studies have shown that WMH severity is correlated with cognitive decline in patients with diabetes. The factors that accelerate WMH formation in elderly patients with diabetes remain poorly defined. It is considered that insulin resistance is an exacerbating factor, but the effects of hypertension, dyslipidemia or other vascular risk factors have yet be clarified, and further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Tamura
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Araki
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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36
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Valdés Hernández M, Allerhand M, Glatz A, Clayson L, Muñoz Maniega S, Gow A, Royle N, Bastin M, Starr J, Deary I, Wardlaw J. Do white matter hyperintensities mediate the association between brain iron deposition and cognitive abilities in older people? Eur J Neurol 2016; 23:1202-9. [PMID: 27094820 PMCID: PMC4950475 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Several studies have reported associations between brain iron deposits (IDs), white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and cognitive ability in older individuals. Whether the association between brain IDs and cognitive abilities in older people is mediated by or independent of total brain tissue damage represented by WMHs visible on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was examined. METHODS Data from 676 community-dwelling individuals from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936, with Mini-Mental State Examination scores >24, who underwent detailed cognitive testing and multimodal brain MRI at mean age 72.7 years were analysed. Brain IDs were assessed automatically following manual editing. WMHs were assessed semi-automatically. Brain microbleeds were visually counted. Structural equation modelling was used to test for mediation. RESULTS Overall, 72.8% of the sample had IDs with a median total volume of 0.040 ml (i.e. 0.004% of the total brain volume). The total volume of IDs, significantly and negatively associated with general cognitive function (standardized β = -0.17, P < 0.01), was significantly and positively associated with WMH volume (std β = 0.13, P = 0.03). WMH volume had a significant negative association with general cognitive function, independent of IDs (std β = -0.13, P < 0.01). The association between cognition and IDs in the brain stem (and minimally the total brain iron load) was partially and significantly mediated by WMH volume (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The negative association between brain IDs and cognitive ability in the elderly is partially mediated by WMHs, with this mediation mainly arising from the iron deposition load in the brain stem. IDs might be an indicator of small vessel disease that predisposes to white matter damage, affecting the neuronal networks underlying higher cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Valdés Hernández
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Allerhand
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Glatz
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - L Clayson
- College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S Muñoz Maniega
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Gow
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Psychology, School of Life Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - N Royle
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Bastin
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - I Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Wardlaw
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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37
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Komatsu K, Mikami T, Noshiro S, Miyata K, Wanibuchi M, Mikuni N. Reversibility of White Matter Hyperintensity by Revascularization Surgery in Moyamoya Disease. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2016; 25:1495-502. [PMID: 27038979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND White matter lesions (WMLs) indicate progressive cerebral small vessel disease and are frequently observed in aging people and stroke patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate WMLs and the influence of revascularization surgery for WMLs in patients with moyamoya disease. METHODS A total of 42 hemispheres in 21 patients with moyamoya disease were included in this analysis. WMLs were detected on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging in 24 hemispheres. The distribution pattern of WMLs was categorized. WMLs were measured by manually creating a region of interest, and the total WML volume in the hemisphere was estimated and compared with the control group. Clinical features of patients with WMLs and postoperative changes were analyzed. RESULTS The total WML volume in moyamoya disease was significantly higher than that of controls (P = .014). WMLs were observed in the internal watershed zone, especially in the watershed zone between the anterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery. Patients with WMLs had significantly higher magnetic resonance angiography scores compared with controls (P = .015). A given patient's total WML volume per hemisphere was significantly decreased after surgery (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS WMLs on FLAIR imaging increase in patients with moyamoya disease and are reversible by revascularization surgery. Improvement of cerebral blood flow is partly related to the decrease in WMLs. The present results provide insight into the potential role of revascularization surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Komatsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mikami
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shouhei Noshiro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kei Miyata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Nobuhiro Mikuni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
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Warntjes M, Engström M, Tisell A, Lundberg P. Modeling the Presence of Myelin and Edema in the Brain Based on Multi-Parametric Quantitative MRI. Front Neurol 2016; 7:16. [PMID: 26925030 PMCID: PMC4756127 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to present a model that uses multi-parametric quantitative MRI to estimate the presence of myelin and edema in the brain. The model relates simultaneous measurement of R1 and R2 relaxation rates and proton density to four partial volume compartments, consisting of myelin partial volume, cellular partial volume, free water partial volume, and excess parenchymal water partial volume. The model parameters were obtained using spatially normalized brain images of a group of 20 healthy controls. The pathological brain was modeled in terms of the reduction of myelin content and presence of excess parenchymal water, which indicates the degree of edema. The method was tested on spatially normalized brain images of a group of 20 age-matched multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Clear differences were observed with respect to the healthy controls: the MS group had a 79 mL smaller brain volume (1069 vs. 1148 mL), a 38 mL smaller myelin volume (119 vs. 157 mL), and a 21 mL larger excess parenchymal water volume (78 vs. 57 mL). Template regions of interest of various brain structures indicated that the myelin partial volume in the MS group was 1.6 ± 1.5% lower for gray matter (GM) structures and 2.8 ± 1.0% lower for white matter (WM) structures. The excess parenchymal water partial volume was 9 ± 10% larger for GM and 5 ± 2% larger for WM. Manually placed ROIs indicated that the results using the template ROIs may have suffered from loss of anatomical detail due to the spatial normalization process. Examples of the application of the method on high-resolution images are provided for three individual subjects: a 45-year-old healthy subject, a 72-year-old healthy subject, and a 45-year-old MS patient. The observed results agreed with the expected behavior considering both age and disease. In conclusion, the proposed model may provide clinically important parameters, such as the total brain volume, degree of myelination, and degree of edema, based on a single qMRI acquisition with a clinically acceptable scan time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Warntjes
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria Engström
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Radiology, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anders Tisell
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Radiation Physics, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Lundberg
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Radiation Physics, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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39
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van Uden I, van der Holst H, Schaapsmeerders P, Tuladhar A, van Norden A, de Laat K, Norris D, Claassen J, van Dijk E, Richard E, Kessels R, de Leeuw FE. Baseline white matter microstructural integrity is not related to cognitive decline after 5 years: The RUN DMC study. BBA CLINICAL 2015; 4:108-114. [PMID: 26676146 PMCID: PMC4661735 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I.W.M. van Uden
- Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, The Netherlands
| | - H.M. van der Holst
- Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, The Netherlands
| | - P. Schaapsmeerders
- Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Medical Psychology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A.M. Tuladhar
- Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, The Netherlands
| | | | - K.F. de Laat
- HagaZiekenhuis Den Haag, Department of Neurology, The Netherlands
| | - D.G. Norris
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, The Netherlands
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Arendahls Wiese 199, Tor 3, D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - J.A.H.R. Claassen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Geriatrics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - E.J. van Dijk
- Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, The Netherlands
| | - E. Richard
- Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, The Netherlands
| | - R.P.C. Kessels
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Geriatrics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Medical Psychology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - F.-E. de Leeuw
- Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, The Netherlands
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Bernbaum M, Menon BK, Fick G, Smith EE, Goyal M, Frayne R, Coutts SB. Reduced blood flow in normal white matter predicts development of leukoaraiosis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015; 35:1610-5. [PMID: 25966951 PMCID: PMC4640308 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2015.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether low cerebral blood flow (CBF) is associated with subsequent development of white matter hyperintensities (WMH). Patients were included from a longitudinal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging study of minor stroke/transient ischemic attack patients. Images were co-registered and new WMH at 18 months were identified by comparing follow-up imaging with baseline fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR). Regions-of-interest (ROIs) were placed on FLAIR images in one of three categories: (1) WMH seen at both baseline and follow-up imaging, (2) new WMH seen only on follow-up imaging, and (3) regions of normal-appearing white matter at both time points. Registered CBF maps at baseline were used to measure CBF in the ROIs. A multivariable model was developed using mixed-effects logistic regression to determine the effect of baseline CBF on the development on new WMH. Forty patients were included. Mean age was 61±11 years, 30% were female. Low baseline CBF, female sex, and presence of diabetes were independently associated with the presence of new WMH on follow-up imaging. The odds of having new WMH on follow-up imaging reduces by 0.61 (95% confidence interval=0.57 to 0.65) for each 1 mL/100 g per minute increase in baseline CBF. We conclude that regions of white matter with low CBF develop new WMH on follow-up imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manya Bernbaum
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Seaman Family MR Research Center, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bijoy K Menon
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Seaman Family MR Research Center, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gordon Fick
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eric E Smith
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Seaman Family MR Research Center, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mayank Goyal
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Seaman Family MR Research Center, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard Frayne
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Seaman Family MR Research Center, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shelagh B Coutts
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Seaman Family MR Research Center, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Vizcarra JA, Lang AE, Sethi KD, Espay AJ. Vascular Parkinsonism: deconstructing a syndrome. Mov Disord 2015; 30:886-94. [PMID: 25997420 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive ambulatory impairment and abnormal white matter (WM) signal on neuroimaging come together under the diagnostic umbrella of vascular parkinsonism (VaP). A critical appraisal of the literature, however, suggests that (1) no abnormal structural imaging pattern is specific to VaP; (2) there is poor correlation between brain MRI hyperintensities and microangiopathic brain disease and parkinsonism from available clinicopathologic data; (3) pure parkinsonism from vascular injury ("definite" vascular parkinsonism) consistently results from ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes involving the SN and/or nigrostriatal pathway, but sparing the striatum itself, the cortex, and the intervening WM; and (4) many cases reported as VaP may represent pseudovascular parkinsonism (e.g., Parkinson's disease or another neurodegenerative parkinsonism, such as PSP with nonspecific neuroimaging signal abnormalities), vascular pseudoparkinsonism (e.g., akinetic mutism resulting from bilateral mesial frontal strokes or apathetic depression from bilateral striatal lacunar strokes), or pseudovascular pseudoparkinsonism (e.g., higher-level gait disorders, including normal-pressure hydrocephalus with transependimal exudate). These syndromic designations are preferable over VaP until pathology or validated biomarkers confirm the underlying nature and relevance of the leukoaraiosis. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin A Vizcarra
- Facultad de Medicina "Alberto Hurtado", Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kapil D Sethi
- Georgia Regents University, Department of Neurology, August, Georgia, USA; and Merz Pharmaceuticals, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alberto J Espay
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Moen KG, Brezova V, Skandsen T, Håberg AK, Folvik M, Vik A. Traumatic axonal injury: the prognostic value of lesion load in corpus callosum, brain stem, and thalamus in different magnetic resonance imaging sequences. J Neurotrauma 2014; 31:1486-96. [PMID: 24773587 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2013.3258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the prognostic value of visible traumatic axonal injury (TAI) loads in different MRI sequences from the early phase after adjusting for established prognostic factors. Likewise, we sought to explore the prognostic role of early apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in normal-appearing corpus callosum. In this prospective study, 128 patients (mean age, 33.9 years; range, 11-69) with moderate (n = 64) and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) were examined with MRI at a median of 8 days (range, 0-28) postinjury. TAI lesions in fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and T2*-weighted gradient echo (T2*GRE) sequences were counted and FLAIR lesion volumes estimated. In patients and 47 healthy controls, mean ADC values were computed in 10 regions of interests in the normal-appearing corpus callosum. Outcome measure was the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOS-E) at 12 months. In patients with severe TBI, number of DWI lesions and volume of FLAIR lesions in the corpus callosum, brain stem, and thalamus predicted outcome in analyses with adjustment for age, Glasgow Coma Scale score, and pupillary dilation (odds ratio, 1.3-6.9; p = <0.001-0.017). The addition of Rotterdam CT score and DWI lesions in the corpus callosum yielded the highest R2 (0.24), compared to all other MRI variables, including brain stem lesions. For patients with moderate TBI only the number of cortical contusions (p = 0.089) and Rotterdam CT score (p = 0.065) tended to predict outcome. Numbers of T2*GRE lesions did not affect outcome. Mean ADC values in the normal-appearing corpus callosum did not differ from controls. In conclusion, the loads of visible TAI lesions in the corpus callosum, brain stem, and thalamus in DWI and FLAIR were independent prognostic factors in patients with severe TBI. DWI lesions in the corpus callosum were the most important predictive MRI variable. Interestingly, number of cortical contusions in MRI and CT findings seemed more important for patients with moderate TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent G Moen
- 1 Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim, Norway
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Yan S, Wan J, Zhang X, Tong L, Zhao S, Sun J, Lin Y, Shen C, Lou M. Increased visibility of deep medullary veins in leukoaraiosis: a 3-T MRI study. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:144. [PMID: 25071553 PMCID: PMC4074703 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral venous collagenosis has been implicated in leading to white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) via venous ischemia. We sought to determine whether cerebral venous dilation or ischemia correlate with the severity of WMHs by quantitative in vivo imaging techniques. This was an investigator-initiated prospective single-center study. We reviewed clinical, laboratory data from 158 consecutive WMHs patients and 50 controls, and measured the number of voxels of deep medullary veins (DMVs) on susceptibility-weighted image and assessed the WMH volume (as a marker of the severity of WMHs) on a 3-T magnetic resonance system. We then performed the logistic-regression analysis and partial Pearson’s correlation analysis to examine the association between the venous voxel count and WMH volume. The number of voxels of DMVs was significantly higher in WMHs than in controls. Increased number of voxels of DMVs was independently associated with both WMH volume of the whole brain and coregistered regional WMH volume after adjusting for age and number of lacunes. Our study indicates that cerebral deep venous insufficiency or ischemia play a role in the pathogenesis of WMHs, which may provide prognostic information on patients with WMHs and may have implications for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenqiang Yan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Jinping Wan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Xuting Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Lusha Tong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Song Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Yuehan Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Chunhong Shen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Min Lou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
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Yan S, Sun J, Chen Y, Selim M, Lou M. Brain iron deposition in white matter hyperintensities: a 3-T MRI study. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:1927-1936. [PMID: 23129024 PMCID: PMC3776109 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Iron accumulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of demyelinating diseases. Therefore, we hypothesized that abnormal high cerebral iron deposition may be involved in the development of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs). We used R2* relaxometry to assess whether iron levels in different brain regions correlate with the severity of WMHs. This technique has been recently validated in a postmortem study to demonstrate in vivo brain iron accumulation in a quantitative manner. Fifty-two consecutive WMH patients and 30 healthy controls with 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were reviewed in this study. We measured WMH volume (as a marker of the severity of WMHs) on MRI, and the transverse relaxation rate R2*, as an estimate of iron content in seven brain regions. We found that R2* in globus pallidus was associated with WMH volume after adjusting for sociodemographic variables (partial correlation coefficient = 0.521, P < 0.001) and in a multivariate analysis adjusted for common vascular risk factors (partial correlation coefficient = 0.572, P = 0.033). Regional R2* in globus pallidus was also significantly higher in WMHs than in controls (P = 0.042). Iron content in globus pallidus, as assessed by R2* relaxometry, is independently linked to the severity of WMHs in our cohort of patients, suggesting that iron deposition in the brain may play a role in the pathogenesis of WMHs. This may provide prognostic information on patients with WMHs and may have implications for therapeutic interventions in WMHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenqiang Yan
- />Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- />Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Chen
- />Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Magdy Selim
- />Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Min Lou
- />Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, #88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, China
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Ultrahigh-Field MR (7 T) Imaging of Brain Lesions in Neuromyelitis Optica. Mult Scler Int 2013; 2013:398259. [PMID: 23431447 PMCID: PMC3568863 DOI: 10.1155/2013/398259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Brain lesions are common in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOsd) and may resemble lesions of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives. To describe the imaging characteristics of supratentorial lesions in NMOsd on ultrahigh-field (7 T) MRI with special attention to vessel-lesion relationship. Methods. Ten NMOsd patients, all women and all seropositive for NMO IgG, with mean age of 51.3 ± 15.4 years and disease duration of 9.2 ± 6.4 years, were scanned at a 7 T whole-body human MR system with high-resolution 2D gradient echo sequence optimized to best visualize lesions and venous structures, T2- and T1-weighted imaging. Results. In 10 patients with NMOsd, a total of 92 lesions were observed (mean: 9.2 ± 8.8; range: 2-30), but only 8 lesions (9%) were traversed by a central venule. All lesions were <5 mm in diameter, and 83% were located in subcortical white matter. There were no lesions in the cortex or basal ganglia. Two patients exhibited diffuse periependymal abnormalities on FLAIR. Conclusions. Small, subcortical lesions without a central venule are the most consistent finding of NMOsd on 7 T MRI of the brain. Ultrahigh-field imaging may be useful for differentiating between NMOsd and MS.
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Naganuma T, Takemoto Y, Shoji T, Shima H, Ishimura E, Okamura M, Nakatani T. Factors associated with cerebral white matter hyperintensities in haemodialysis patients. Nephrology (Carlton) 2012; 17:561-8. [PMID: 22429518 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2012.01596.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), comprising periventricular hyperintensity (PVH) and deep and subcortical white matter hyperintensity (DSWMH) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have been reported to be markers of ischaemic cerebral small-vessel disease and risk factors for future stroke, cognitive impairment and dementia in the general population. However, there have been only a few reports describing WMHs in haemodialysis (HD) patients and these previous studies have been relatively small population studies with little investigation on prevalence and risk factors according to the regional subtypes of WMHs. METHODS Cranial MRI was performed on 179 HD patients and 58 healthy control subjects and we investigated the prevalence of WMHs (PVH and/or DSWMH) and the clinical factors associated with the presence of WMHs. RESULTS The prevalence of WMHs was significantly higher in the HD patients than in the healthy subjects. In the HD patients, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that independent and significant factors associated with the presence of PVH were age, female gender and systolic blood pressure and those associated with the presence of DSWMH were age, female gender, systolic blood pressure and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated a high prevalence of WMHs in HD patients. Older age, female gender and high blood pressure were strong factors associated with the presence of both PVH and DSWMH. Moreover, excess body weight was a significant factor associated with the presence of DSWMH only, indicating that there may be differences in risk factors according to the subtype of WMHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihide Naganuma
- Department of Urology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
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Kobayashi A, Iguchi M, Shimizu S, Uchiyama S. Silent Cerebral Infarcts and Cerebral White Matter Lesions in Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2012; 21:310-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Revised: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Abstract
Stroke is a devastating neurological disease with limited functional recovery. Stroke affects all cellular elements of the brain and impacts areas traditionally classified as both gray matter and white matter. In fact, stroke in subcortical white matter regions of the brain accounts for approximately 30% of all stroke subtypes, and white matter injury is a component of most classes of stroke damage. However, most basic scientific information in stroke cell death and neural repair relates principally to neuronal cell death and repair. Despite an emerging biological understanding of white matter development, adult function, and reorganization in inflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, little is known of the specific molecular and cellular events in white matter ischemia. This limitation stems in part from the difficulty in generating animal models of white matter stroke. This review will discuss recent progress in studies of animal models of white matter stroke, and the emerging principles of cell death and repair in oligodendrocytes, axons, and astrocytes in white matter ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif G. Sozmen
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Jason D. Hinman
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - S. Thomas Carmichael
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
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Diffusion tensor imaging and mild parkinsonian signs in cerebral small vessel disease. Neurobiol Aging 2011; 33:2106-12. [PMID: 22000858 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although the role of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), including white matter lesions (WMLs) and lacunar infarcts, in mild parkinsonian signs (MPS) is increasingly being recognized, not all individuals with SVD have MPS. Using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), we investigated whether the presence of MPS was dependent on the microstructural integrity underlying WMLs, the early loss of integrity of the normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) and location of this damage. We examined 483 elderly subjects with SVD and without parkinsonism. Subjects with severe loss of integrity within their WMLs had a higher risk of MPS, regardless of WML volume (fractional anisotropy odds ratios = 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-3.4). The same was found in the normal-appearing white matter, but this association disappeared after adjustment for WMLs and lacunar infarcts. The integrity of the periventricular frontal regions-of-interest was significantly lower in subjects with MPS than without, independent of WMLs and lacunar infarcts. This study indicates that integrity of WMLs, especially in the frontal lobe, is associated with MPS. Diffusion tensor imaging may be of added value in investigating the underlying mechanisms of parkinsonian signs in subjects with SVD.
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Chen W, Song X, Zhang Y. Assessment of the Virchow-Robin Spaces in Alzheimer disease, mild cognitive impairment, and normal aging, using high-field MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011; 32:1490-5. [PMID: 21757525 PMCID: PMC7964361 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE VRSs are the perivascular spaces surrounding the deep perforating arteries in the brain. Although VRS variations with age and disease pathologies have been reported previously, the radiologic characteristics of the VRS in relation to AD are poorly understood. This study investigated the prevalence, spatial distribution, and severity of the VRS in AD, MCI, and older adults who were CN. It also investigated the relationship of the VRS to white matter changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Structural MR imaging data were acquired from 158 participants (AD = 37, MCI = 71, CN = 50, mean age = 74.97 ± 7.20 years) who had undergone T1WI at 3T. The severity of VRS in the white matter, basal ganglia, hippocampus, and brain stem structures was evaluated by using a semiquantitative scale, adapted from existing rating scales. A VRS total score summarizing the subscales was calculated to assess the whole-brain VRSs. RESULTS VRSs were observed in multiple brain regions of all participants, typically presented as <2-mm well-margined symmetric round-, oval- and linear-shaped hypointensities on T1WI. The VRS total score increased with leukoaraiosis, atrophy, and advanced age (P < .001). Individuals with AD and MCI showed greater levels of VRS than control subjects. The VRS total score discriminated individuals with AD and those who were CN with an accuracy of 0.79 (95% CI, 0.69-0.89). CONCLUSIONS VRSs are common in older adults and are more severe in AD and MCI than in CN. Whether increased VRSs can be reliably used to aid in AD diagnosis warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Chen
- Department of Radiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, China
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