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Hui Z, Wang X, Teng Z, Zou W, Wang J, Ji P, Wang M. The Chinese version of the general benefit finding scale (GBFS): Psychometric properties in a sample of college students. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300064. [PMID: 38713666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benefit finding has become a central construct in the evolution of positive psychology and attracted attention in recent literature. This study aimed to translate and validate the General Benefit Finding Scale (GBFS) in Chinese college students. METHODS Forward- and back-translation of the GBFS was followed by the assessment of semantic equivalence and content validity. A sample of 589 college students was recruited in China to conduct reliability and validity analysis. The construct validity was assessed using exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Concurrent validity was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficients of the GBFS with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and World Health Organization-Five Well-Being (WHO-5). Internal consistency and two-week test-retest reliability were also evaluated. RESULTS The content validity index for each item ranged from 0.83 to 1.00. EFA revealed a six-factor model, which exhibited acceptable goodness of fit in CFA (standardized root mean square residual = 0.031, root mean square error of approximation = 0.059, goodness-of-fit index = 0.860, comparative fit index = 0.904, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.890, chi-squared/degree of freedom = 2.07). The concurrent validity of the GBFS was supported by its statistically significant correlations with PSS (r = -0.271, p<0.001) and WHO-5 (r = 0.354, p<0.001). Moreover, the internal consistency for the overall scale was satisfactory, with Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.93 and McDonald's omega reliability of 0.94. The test-retest reliability was 0.82. CONCLUSIONS Although the Chinese version of GBFS was examined in a homogeneous convenience sample of college students, it provides a reliable and valid instrument for assessing benefit finding in the Chinese context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhao Hui
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Health Culture Research Center, Key Research Base of Philosophy and Social Sciences in Shaanxi, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
- Tongchuan Peolple's Hospital, Tongchuan, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ziyi Teng
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenfeng Zou
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Zonglian College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengcheng Ji
- Periodicals Publishing House, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingxu Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Andrade G, AboHamza E, Elsantil Y, Ayoub A, Bedewy D. Moral approval of xenotransplantation in Egypt: associations with religion, attitudes towards animals and demographic factors. BMC Med Ethics 2024; 25:19. [PMID: 38373945 PMCID: PMC10877808 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-024-01013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Xenotransplantation has great potential as an alternative to alleviate the shortage of organs for donation. However, given that the animal most suited for xenotransplantation is the pig, there are concerns that people in Muslim countries may be more hesitant to morally approve of these procedures. In this study, the moral approval of xenotransplantation was assessed in a group of 895 participants in Egypt. The results showed that religiosity itself does not predict moral approval of xenotransplantation, but religious identity does, as Muslims are less likely to approve of xenotransplantation than Christians. However, the strongest predictor of moral approval of xenotransplantation was gender, with women displaying less approval. A partial mediating factor in this association was concern for animal welfare. Based on these results, some implications for public policy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eid AboHamza
- Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - AlaaEldin Ayoub
- Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
- Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Dalia Bedewy
- Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
- Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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Hart PD. Initial Assessment of a Brief Health, Fitness, and Spirituality Survey for Epidemiological Research: A Pilot Study. J Lifestyle Med 2022; 12:119-126. [PMID: 36628178 PMCID: PMC9798877 DOI: 10.15280/jlm.2022.12.3.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Not many population-based health studies include items to assess both fitness and spirituality concepts. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine initial data of a brief health, fitness, and spirituality survey for epidemiological research. Methods This first phase pilot study used data from N = 56 adults 18+ years of age via electronic questionnaire. Measures of general health, fitness, physical activity (PA), body mass index (BMI), religiosity, and happiness were assessed. Reliability analyses were employed for PA, religiosity, and happiness scales. Validity coefficients were computed to evaluate convergence between scale scores and related measures. Finally, difference in health was examined between different levels of fitness to evaluate known groups discrimination. Results Respondents were middle-aged (Mean = 50.5 yr, SD = 14.3), majority white (69.5%, SD = 6.2), with relatively low BMI (Mean = 25.3, SD = 5.3). All three scales showed internal consistency reliability of α = 0.93, α = 0.89, and KR-20 = 0.56 for religiosity, happiness, and PA, respectively. Furthermore, scores converged (ps < 0.05) between fitness and PA (r = 0.43), health (r = 0.66), BMI (r = -0.28), and happiness (r = 0.25). Finally, health scores were significantly greater for high fitness versus low fitness in both male (p < 0.001) and female (p = 0.015) populations. Conclusion Results from this study indicate that a brief health, fitness, and spirituality survey can reliably measure its intended traits. A single-item of self-assessed fitness in particular has promise for large scale epidemiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D. Hart
- Health Promotion Research, Havre, MT, USA,Corresponding author: Peter D. Hart Health Promotion Research, Havre, MT 59501-7751, USA Tel: 1-406-301-1043 E-mail:
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Abbasi M, Monazzam MR, Karanika-Murray M, Shamsipour M, Arabalibeik H. Development and validation of an individual job performance questionnaire (IJPQ). Work 2022; 73:309-320. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-211004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Developing reliable tools to tap into all the behavioral dimensions of individual job performance and identifying the right sub-dimensions is necessary for both research and practice. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at developing and validating an IJPQ that addresses shortcomings of existing questionnaires. METHODS: After a comprehensive systematic literature review, a framework consisting of four dimensions, including task performance (TP), contextual performance (CP), counterproductive work behavior (CWB), and adaptive performance (AP) was structured for measuring IJP. As well, 45 sub-dimensions were identified for measuring IJP’s dimensions. Content and face validity were evaluated, and item impact score (IS), content validity index (CVI), Kappa, and content validity ratio (CVR) were calculated. For reliability and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), 525 workers completed the validated questionnaire and Cronbach alpha and goodness of fit indexes were determined, respectively. RESULTS: Of the 62 items generated to measure dimensions, 53 were approved. Based on item-level CVI, of the 53 items, only 45 items were accepted. Finally, the results of item level CVR led to the extraction of 27 questions to evaluate IJP. The obtained scale level CVI and scale level CVR were 0.91 and 0.68, respectively. Based on the results obtained from 525 Iranian workers, values of Cronbach’s Alpha, X2/df, RMSEA, and P-value were in the acceptable range. CONCLUSIONS: Conclusively, a questionnaire containing 20 items was developed and validated for measuring IJP of Iranian worker’s culture. The four dimensions of TP, CO, CWB, and AP consisted of 6, 5, 5, and 4 items each, respectively. Overall, IJPQ is a theory-based, reliable, and valid instrument for assessing job performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Abbasi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Monazzam
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mansour Shamsipour
- Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Arabalibeik
- Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine (RCSTIM), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Caravaggio F, Porco N, Kim J, Fervaha G, Graff-Guerrero A, Gerretsen P. Anti-vaccination attitudes are associated with less analytical and more intuitive reasoning. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2021; 27:2113-2125. [PMID: 34875961 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.2014911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Online anti-vaccination rhetoric has produced far reaching negative health consequences. Persons who endorse anti-vaccination attitudes may employ less analytical reasoning when problem solving. Considering limitations in previous research, we used an online web-based survey (n = 760; mean age = 47.69; 388 males, 372 females) to address this question. Analytical reasoning was negatively correlated with anti-vaccination attitudes (r = -.18, p < .0001). This relationship remained significant after statistically controlling for potential confounders, including age, sex, education, and religiosity (r = -.16, p < .0001). We hope that elucidating the cognitive, non-information-based aspects of anti-vaccination attitudes will help to guide effective educational interventions aimed at improving public health in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Caravaggio
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 Kings College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natasha Porco
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 Kings College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia Kim
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 Kings College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gagan Fervaha
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 Kings College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip Gerretsen
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 Kings College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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McDonnell S, Yan K, Kim UO, Flynn KE, Liegl MN, Leuthner SR, McIntosh JJ, Basir MA. Information Order for Periviable Counseling: Does It Make a Difference? J Pediatr 2021; 235:100-106.e1. [PMID: 33811868 PMCID: PMC8316277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether the order of presenting survival vs disability information, with or without the description of infant neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) experiences would influence treatment choice during hypothetical periviable birth counseling. STUDY DESIGN An internet sample of childbearing-aged women (n = 839) viewed a pictograph displaying the chances of survival and a pictograph on the chances of disability for a baby resuscitated during the periviable period. The sample was randomized to the order of pictographs and level of description of infant NICU experiences. Participants selected between intensive care or comfort care and reported their personal values. RESULTS The order of the information influenced treatment choices (P = .02); participants were more likely to choose intensive care if they saw the survival pictograph first (70%) than the disability pictograph first (62%). Level of description of premature infant NICU experiences did not influence treatment choice (P = .92). Participants who valued sanctity of life, autonomy in making decisions, who were more religious, and had adequate health literacy were more likely to choose intensive care. Such participant characteristics had greater explanatory power than the experimental manipulations. CONCLUSIONS Subtle differences in how information is presented may influence critical decisions. However, even among women with the same values, diversity in treatment choice remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan McDonnell
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Ke Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Quantitative Health Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - U Olivia Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Kathryn E Flynn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Melodee Nugent Liegl
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Quantitative Health Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Steven R Leuthner
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; Department of Population Health, Center for the Study of Bioethics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Jennifer J McIntosh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Mir A Basir
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
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Klundt JS, Erekson DM, Lynn AM, Brown HE. Sexual minorities, mental health, and religiosity at a religiously conservative university. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Further investigation of the effects of wearing the hijab: Perception of female facial attractiveness by Emirati Muslim men living in their native Muslim country. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239419. [PMID: 33085663 PMCID: PMC7577463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The hijab is central to the lives of Muslim women across the world but little is known about the actual effects exerted by this garment on perceptions of the wearer. Indeed, while previous research has suggested that wearing the hijab may affect the physical attractiveness of women, the actual effect of wearing the hijab on perceptions of female facial attractiveness by Muslim men in a Muslim country is largely unknown. Accordingly, this study investigated the effects of the hijab on female facial attractiveness perceived by practising Muslim men living in their native Muslim country (the United Arab Emirates). Participants were presented with frontal-head images of women shown in three conditions: in the fully covered condition, heads were completely covered by the hijab except for the face; in the partially covered condition, heads were completely covered by the hijab except for the face and areas around the forehead and each side of the face and head; in the uncovered condition, heads had no covering at all. The findings revealed that faces where heads were uncovered or partially covered were rated as equally attractive, and both were rated as substantially more attractive than faces where heads were fully covered. Thus, while wearing the hijab can suppress female facial attractiveness to men, these findings suggest that not all hijab wearing has this effect, and female facial attractiveness for practising Muslim men living in their native Muslim country may not be reduced simply by wearing this garment. Indeed, from the findings we report, slight changes to the positioning of the hijab (the partially covered condition) produce perceptions of facial attractiveness that are no lower than when no hijab is worn, and this may have important implications for wearing the hijab in Muslim societies. Finally, we argue that the pattern of effects we observed is not explained by anti-Islamic feeling or cultural endogamy, and that a major contributory factor is that being fully covered by the hijab occludes external features, especially the hair and lateral parts of the head and face, which, when normally visible, provide a substantial perceptual contribution to human facial attractiveness.
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The Role of Religion in Buffering the Impact of Stressful Life Events on Depressive Symptoms in Patients with Depressive Episodes or Adjustment Disorder. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16071238. [PMID: 30965549 PMCID: PMC6480109 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16071238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Most studies into the role of religiousness in relation to depression severity have mainly found an inverse relationship between greater religiousness and lower levels of depressive symptoms. There is reason to assume that religiousness has a buffering effect on the relationship between stressful life events and depressive symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of religiousness in moderating the impact of stressors on depressive symptoms. n = 348 patients with either a depressive episode or adjustment disorder were assessed at referral to the liaison psychiatry services in three Dublin hospitals and n = 132 patients were followed up six months later. We assessed depressive symptoms, life events, social support, and religiosity, and used hierarchical and multiple linear regression for data analysis. The interaction of organised religious activity and the amount of life events was significant (β = −0.19, p = 0.001) in the cross-sectional prediction of depressive symptoms while non-organised religious activity (β = −0.23, p = 0.001) and intrinsic religiousness (β = −0.15, p = 0.033) interacted significantly with life events in the longitudinal analysis. This study demonstrated that various dimensions of religiousness buffered the impact of life events on outcome.
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Francis JM, Myers B, Nkosi S, Petersen Williams P, Carney T, Lombard C, Nel E, Morojele N. The prevalence of religiosity and association between religiosity and alcohol use, other drug use, and risky sexual behaviours among grade 8-10 learners in Western Cape, South Africa. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211322. [PMID: 30759112 PMCID: PMC6374069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol and other drug use (AOD) and risky sexual behaviours remain high among adolescents in South Africa and globally. Religiosity influences, mitigates and provides resilience against engaging in risky behaviours among young people but few South African studies have explored potential associations between religiosity, AOD use and risky sex. We report the prevalence of religiosity and association between religiosity and AOD use and risky sexual behaviours among learners in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. METHODS Between May and August 2011, a cross sectional survey was conducted among 20 227 learners from 240 public schools randomly selected through a stratified multistage sampling design to determine the prevalence of AOD use and sexual risk behaviours. We performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to assess the association between religiosity, AOD use and risky sexual behaviours. RESULTS The learners were aged 10-23 years. Almost three quarters (74%) of learners reported high religiosity (defined as attending religious services or activities at least 1-2 times a month). More female than male learners had high religiosity. The prevalence of past 30 day reported alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use was 23%, 19% and 8% respectively. Compared to learners with low religiosity, those with high religiosity were less likely to engage in AOD use: specifically alcohol use, (AOR = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.76-0.97), tobacco use (AOR = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.67-0.87), cannabis use (AOR = 0.57, 95%CI: 0.48-0.68) in the last 30 days. They were also less likely to engage in risky sexual behaviours (AOR = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.81-0.99). CONCLUSION Religiosity was associated with lower odds of reported AOD use and risky sexual behaviours among learners in the Western Cape. This calls for further exploration on how to incorporate religiosity into AOD use and risky sexual behaviour interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Msafiri Francis
- Visiting scholar, Alcohol, Tobacco & Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
- Wits Reproductive Health & HIV Institute (WRHI), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Bronwyn Myers
- Alcohol, Tobacco & Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sebenzile Nkosi
- Alcohol, Tobacco & Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Petal Petersen Williams
- Alcohol, Tobacco & Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tara Carney
- Alcohol, Tobacco & Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Carl Lombard
- Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elmarie Nel
- Alcohol, Tobacco & Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Neo Morojele
- Alcohol, Tobacco & Other Drug Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Lace JW, Handal PJ. Confirming the Tripartite Structure of the Duke University Religion Index: A Methodological Approach. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2018; 57:704-716. [PMID: 29340895 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-017-0556-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study provided a methodological critique regarding psychometric investigations of the Duke University Religion Index (DUREL) and its variants. Nine hundred seventeen (630 females and 287 males) university students (M age = 19.24) completed the DUREL, the Personal Religious Inventory, and the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale online. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed to assess a three-factor (organizational religious activity; non-organizational religious activity; and intrinsic religiosity) and a unidimensional model of the DUREL. Chi-square difference tests were performed, and Akaike information criterion values and Bayesian information criterion values were compared between the models, each of which supported the three-factor model for the DUREL over the unidimensional model. Convergent validity for the three factors of the DUREL emerged through Spearman's rho correlations with measures of personal prayer, ritual religious attendance, religious integration, Closeness to the Divine. This study concluded that the DUREL is a multidimensional measurement of religion for use in English-speaking university students, and it provided a broad methodological note regarding future investigations of measures of religion or spirituality that possess an existing theoretical model.
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Steiner LM, Zaske S, Durand S, Molloy M, Arteta R. Spiritual Factors Predict State and Trait Anxiety. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2017; 56:1937-1955. [PMID: 27485298 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-016-0293-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This research study was designed to examine the effect of spiritual well-being and spirituality on state and trait anxiety. Two hundred and thirty-eight adults in the USA were surveyed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Duke University Religion Index, Spiritual Well-Being Scale, and Participant Questionnaire. Results indicate that spiritual well-being can predict 39.1 % of an adult's state anxiety and 37.9 % of trait anxiety. Furthermore, frequency of religious attendance, frequency of private religious activity, and intrinsic religiosity can predict 6.2 % of an adult's state anxiety and 8.6 % of trait anxiety. Recommendations for researchers and implications for clinicians are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Steiner
- Alliance Graduate School of Counseling, Nyack College, Nyack, NY, 10960, USA.
| | - Sarah Zaske
- Alliance Graduate School of Counseling, Nyack College, Nyack, NY, 10960, USA
| | - Sabrina Durand
- Alliance Graduate School of Counseling, Nyack College, Nyack, NY, 10960, USA
| | - Melanie Molloy
- Alliance Graduate School of Counseling, Nyack College, Nyack, NY, 10960, USA
| | - Rosana Arteta
- Alliance Graduate School of Counseling, Nyack College, Nyack, NY, 10960, USA
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Wnuk M. A Psychometric Evaluation of the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire among Students from Poland and Chile. PASTORAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 66:551-562. [PMID: 28725089 PMCID: PMC5493728 DOI: 10.1007/s11089-017-0754-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study verifies the psychometric properties of the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire (SCSORFQ). This measure consists of 10 items regarding strength of religious faith, regardless of religious denomination or affiliation. Participants were 177 students from Chile and 393 students from Poland. The SCSORFQ method is a reliable measure with good internal consistency evaluated by the α-Cronbach coefficient. Factor analysis statistically confirmed the unidimensional structure of the SCSORFQ. The strength of religious faith in both student groups was moderate to strong correlated with public or private aspects of religiousness and strong correlated with spiritual experiences. It was weakly correlated with the cognitive indicator of well-being as satisfaction with life as well as with existential variables like hope and meaning of life. The results confirm that the SCSORFQ is psychometrically sound and is therefore recommended for use by researchers studying the construct of religiousness.
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Cronjé FJ, Sommers LS, Faulkner JK, Meintjes WAJ, Van Wijk CH, Turner RP. Effect of a Faith-Based Education Program on Self-Assessed Physical, Mental and Spiritual (Religious) Health Parameters. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2017; 56:89-108. [PMID: 26387116 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-015-0129-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of attending a faith-based education program (FBEP) on self-assessed physical, mental and spiritual health parameters. The study was designed as a prospective, observational, cohort study of individuals attending a 5-day FBEP. Out of 2650 sequential online registrants, those previously unexposed to the FBEP received automated invitations to complete 5 sequential Self-Assessment Questionnaire's (SAQ's) containing: (1) Duke University Religion Index (DUREL); (2) Negative Religious Coping (N-RCOPE); (3) Perceived Stress Scale (PSS); (4) Center for Epidemiology and Statistics-Depression Scale (CES-D); (5) Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ); and the (6) State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Pre-attendance SAQ (S1) was repeated immediately post-FBEP (S2), at 30 days (S3), 90 days (S4) and after 1 year (S5). Of 655 invited, 274 (42 %) succeeded, 242 (37 %) failed and 139 (21 %) declined to complete S1. Of the 274, 37 (14 %) were excluded at on-site interview; 26 (9 %) never attended the FBEP (i.e., controls: 5♂; 21♀; 27-76 years); and 211 (77 %) participated (i.e., cases: 105♂; 106♀; 18-84 years) and were analyzed over time: 211 (S1); 192 (S2); 99 (S3); 52 (S4); 51 (S5). IRB approval was via the Human Research Ethics Committee of Stellenbosch University. DUREL showed significant, sustained changes in Intrinsic Religiosity. N-RCOPE showed significant, lasting improvement. In others, median values dropped significantly immediately after the FBEP (S1:S2) for STAI-State p < 0.0001; PSS p < 0.0001; BIPQ p < 0.0001; and CES-D p < 0.0001; and at 1 month (S1:S3) for STAI-Trait p < 0.001; all changes were sustained (S3 through S5). This FBEP produced statistically and clinically significant changes; these lasted in those followed up >1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frans J Cronjé
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Parow, South Africa.
- Division of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Room 0073 (Baromedical Facility); Education Building, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg Campus, Parow, 7500, South Africa.
| | | | | | - W A J Meintjes
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Parow, South Africa.
- Division of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Stellenbosch, Room 0073 (Baromedical Facility); Education Building, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg Campus, Parow, 7500, South Africa.
| | - Charles H Van Wijk
- South African Military Health Service, Institute for Maritime Medicine, Simon's Town, South Africa
| | - Robert P Turner
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, MUSC, Charleston, SC, USA
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Pirutinsky S, Carp S, Rosmarin DH. A Paradigm to Assess Implicit Attitudes towards God: The Positive/Negative God Associations Task. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2017; 56:305-319. [PMID: 27631995 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-016-0303-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Psychological research on the relationship between spirituality/religion and mental health has grown considerably over the past several decades and now constitutes a sizable body of scholarship. Among dimensions of S/R, positive beliefs about God have been significantly related to better mental health outcomes, and conversely negative beliefs about God are generally associated with more distress. However, prior research on this topic has relied heavily upon self-report Likert-type scales, which are vulnerable to self-report biases and measure only explicit cognitive processes. In this study, we developed and validated an implicit social cognition task, the Positive/Negative God Go/No-go Association Task (PNG-GNAT), for use in psychological research on spirituality and religion (S/R). Preliminary evidence in a large sample (N = 381) suggests that the PNG-GNAT demonstrates internal consistency, test-retest and split-half reliability, and concurrent evidence of validity. Further, our results suggest that PNG-GNAT scores represent different underlying dimensions of S/R than explicit self-report measures, and incrementally predict mental health above and beyond self-report assessment. The PNG-GNAT appears to be an effective tool for measuring implicit positive/negative beliefs about God.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Pirutinsky
- Graduate School of Social Work, Touro College, 27 West 23rd Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
- Center for Anxiety, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Sean Carp
- Center for Anxiety, New York, NY, USA
| | - David H Rosmarin
- Center for Anxiety, New York, NY, USA
- Maclean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
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Wang Z, Rong Y, Koenig HG. Psychometric properties of a Chinese version of the Duke University Religion Index in college students and community residents in China. Psychol Rep 2014; 115:427-43. [PMID: 25153847 DOI: 10.2466/08.17.pr0.115c19z8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A Chinese version of the Duke University Religion Index (DUREL) was developed and the psychometric properties were assessed. The study was conducted in two separate samples of 1,285 college students and 2,564 community residents. To assess test-retest reliability, the DUREL was re-administered after 1 wk. to 105 college students and 199 community residents. In both samples, three factors were extracted using principal components factor analysis with Promax rotation, which is consistent with the scale content. Internal consistency reliability was acceptable. Test-retest ICCs ranged from .45 to .89 in college students and .75 to .93 in community residents. The Chinese version of the DUREL is a useful measure of religiosity in Mandarin-speaking populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Wang
- 1 Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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Swami V, Miah J, Noorani N, Taylor D. Is the hijab protective? An investigation of body image and related constructs among British Muslim women. Br J Psychol 2013; 105:352-63. [DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viren Swami
- Department of Psychology; University of Westminster; London UK
- Department of Psychology; HELP University College; Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Jusnara Miah
- Department of Psychology; University of Westminster; London UK
| | | | - Donna Taylor
- Department of Psychology; University of Westminster; London UK
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Wilkerson JM, Smolensk DJ, Brady SS, Rosser BRS. Performance of the Duke Religion Index and the spiritual well-being scale in online samples of men who have sex with men. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2013; 52:610-21. [PMID: 22441843 PMCID: PMC3553315 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-012-9594-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Religiosity is associated with behaviors that reduce the risk of HIV/STI infection among general-population and heterosexual-specific samples. Whether this association is similar to homosexual persons is unknown. Measures of religiosity have not been evaluated psychometrically among men who have sex with men (MSM), a population who, because of stigma, experience religiosity differently than heterosexual persons. We assessed the duke religion index and the spiritual well-being in two samples of MSM. Neither instrument produced adequate model fit. To study the association between religiosity and HIV/STI risk behaviors among MSM, scales are needed that measure the religious and spiritual experiences of MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Wilkerson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 S. 2nd Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
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Saffari M, Zeidi IM, Pakpour AH, Koenig HG. Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Duke University Religion Index (DUREL): a study on Muslims. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2013; 52:631-641. [PMID: 22968303 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-012-9639-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was translation and validation of the Duke University Religion Index in Iranian Muslims. The study was performed in two stages. In the first stage, 1,762 college students from Qazvin city with an average age of 21.2 years participated in the study. In the second phase, 796 college students with an average age of 23.7 were recruited from Tehran. A demographic questionnaire, Santa Clara Strength Faith questionnaire (SCSORF), and Duke Religion Index (DUREL) were administered. Cultural adaptation of these measures was performed by a forward-backward translation technique. Test-retest reliability and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used for assessing reliability. Convergent validity was measured by Spearman correlation between DUREL and SCSORF. Explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA) evaluated the factor structure. Results showed that the scale is reliable. Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.866 to 0.921 and ICC ranged from 0.937 to 0.991. Correlations between DUREL and SCSORF were also strong (ranging from 0.62 to 0.79). Results obtained from CFA and EFA confirmed one-dimension for the DUREL. Thus, the DUREL appears to be a proper measure for assessing religiosity among Iranian Muslims. Further testing of the scale among minorities and those with special health-related conditions is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Saffari
- Department of Health Education, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hafizi S, Memari AH, Pakrah M, Mohebi F, Saghazadeh A, Koenig HG. The Duke University Religion Index (DUREL): Validation and Reliability of the Farsi Version. Psychol Rep 2013; 112:151-9. [DOI: 10.2466/08.07.17.pr0.112.1.151-159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the validation and reliability of the Farsi version of the Duke University Religion Index (FDUREL), a brief measure designed to evaluate the primary dimensions of religiosity. The study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, after translation of the original version of DUREL by using standard forward-backward translation, the FDUREL was administered to 427 medical students at different training levels. Reliability of the FDUREL was assessed by internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Principal components factor analysis was employed to assess the construct validity of the measure. In the second phase, 557 medical students were asked to fill out the FDUREL and Hoge Intrinsic Religiosity Scale to examine concurrent validity. The FDUREL was unidimensional and had good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Results suggest that the FDUREL is a reliable and valid measure of religiosity in Farsispeaking populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Hafizi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | - Harold G. Koenig
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina and King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Klassen BJ, Smith KZ, Grekin ER. Differential relationships between religiosity, cigarette smoking, and waterpipe use: implications for college student health. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2013; 61:381-385. [PMID: 24010492 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2013.819806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using a framework informed by problem behavior theory, the authors examined differential relationships between religiosity and the frequency of cigarette and waterpipe tobacco smoking. PARTICIPANTS Six hundred fourteen individuals beginning their freshman year at a large, public, midwestern university. METHODS Paper-and-pencil surveys were administered to students who attended freshman orientation. Electronic surveys were sent to students who did not attend orientation. RESULTS Although a latent, generalized religiosity factor was negatively associated with frequency of cigarette smoking, there was no such relationship for frequency of waterpipe use. CONCLUSIONS Conceptualizing waterpipe tobacco smoking in terms of problem behavior theory may be inappropriate, given its lack of association with religiosity. These results may reflect the perception that waterpipe use is a more socially acceptable form of tobacco use that is less harmful to health than cigarette smoking, despite medical evidence to the contrary. Implications for prevention and intervention are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Klassen
- a Department of Psychology , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan
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Krumrei EJ, Pirutinsky S, Rosmarin DH. Jewish Spirituality, Depression, and Health: an Empirical Test of a Conceptual Framework. Int J Behav Med 2012; 20:327-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s12529-012-9248-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Lucchetti G, Granero Lucchetti AL, Peres MF, Leão FC, Moreira-Almeida A, Koenig HG. Validation of the Duke Religion Index: DUREL (Portuguese version). JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2012; 51:579-586. [PMID: 21107911 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-010-9429-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Duke Religion Index (PDUREL) in a community setting. PDUREL was translated and adapted for administration to 383 individuals from a population-based study of low-income community-dwelling adults. The PDUREL intrinsic subscale and total scores demonstrated high internal consistency (alphas ranging from 0.733 for the total scale score to 0.758 for the intrinsic subscale). Correlations among the DUREL subscales were also examined for evidence of discriminant validity. Correlations were ranging from 0.36 to 0.46, indicating significant overlap between the scales without marked redundancy. PDUREL is a reliable and valid scale. The availability of a comprehensive, but brief measure of religiousness can help to study the role of religiousness in health by researchers from countries that speak the Portuguese language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Lucchetti
- São Paulo Medical Spiritist Association, Av. Juriti, 367 apto. 131, São Paulo, São Paulo, 04520-000, Brazil.
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Pirutinsky S, Rosmarin DH, Holt CL, Feldman RH, Caplan LS, Midlarsky E, Pargament KI. Does social support mediate the moderating effect of intrinsic religiosity on the relationship between physical health and depressive symptoms among Jews? J Behav Med 2011; 34:489-96. [PMID: 21308407 PMCID: PMC5925420 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-011-9325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Previous research in the general population suggests that intrinsic religiosity moderates (mitigates) the effect of poor physical health on depression. However, few studies have focused specifically on the Jewish community. We therefore examined these variables in a cross-sectional sample of 89 Orthodox and 123 non-Orthodox Jews. Based on previous research suggesting that non-Orthodox Judaism values religious mental states (e.g., beliefs) less and a collectivist social religiosity more, as compared to Orthodox Judaism, we hypothesized that the moderating effect of intrinsic religiosity would mediated by social support among non-Orthodox but not Orthodox Jews. As predicted, results indicated that the relationship between physical health and depression was moderated by intrinsic religiosity in the sample as a whole. Furthermore, this effect was mediated by social support among non-Orthodox Jews, but not among the Orthodox. The importance of examining religious affiliation and potential mediators in research on spirituality and health is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Pirutinsky
- Department of Clinical and Counseling Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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Jones JM, St. Peter JR, Fernandes SJ, Herrenkohl TI, Kosterman R, Hawkins JD. Ethnic and Gender Variation in Religious Involvement: Patterns of Expression in Young Adulthood. REVIEW OF RELIGIOUS RESEARCH 2011; 53:207-225. [PMID: 23002308 PMCID: PMC3446869 DOI: 10.1007/s13644-011-0006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study used latent class analysis to empirically derive profiles of religious involvement among a sample of 808 young adults and describe ethnic and gender differences within such religious involvement patterns. Items on the Duke Religion Index were included as part of a larger longitudinal survey of emotional, physical, and behavioral health. The scale measured the organizational, nonorganizational, and intrinsic dimensions of religiosity (Koenig et al. 2001) in a sample of young adults at two waves of the study-age 27 and age 30. At age 27, five religious profiles were distinguishable in the sample while at age 30 six profiles emerged. Ethnic differences were found for each of the religious profiles where religious involvement manifested in different ways. Religious profiles between ages 27 and 30 changed over time and were affected by gender and ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine M. Jones
- Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Janine M Jones, PHD, University of Washington, Campus Box 353600, Seattle, WA 98195-300.
| | - Josie R. St. Peter
- Department of Educational Psychology in the College of Education at the University of Washington
| | - Sherira J. Fernandes
- Department of Educational Psychology in the College of Education at the University of Washington
| | | | - Rick Kosterman
- Social Development Research Group of the University of Washington
| | - J. David Hawkins
- Social Development Research Group of the University of Washington
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The Duke University Religion Index (DUREL): A Five-Item Measure for Use in Epidemological Studies. RELIGIONS 2010. [DOI: 10.3390/rel1010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 516] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Mann JR, McKeown RE, Bacon J, Vesselinov R, Bush F. Predicting depressive symptoms and grief after pregnancy loss. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2008; 29:274-9. [PMID: 18608827 DOI: 10.1080/01674820802015366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Women who experience pregnancy loss are at high risk for depression and grief. We conducted a prospective cohort study to identify antenatal predictors of depressive symptoms and grief following pregnancy loss. Particular emphasis was given to the potential role of religiosity and spirituality. In multivariable linear regression models, depressive symptoms were significantly positively associated with baseline depression score and a history of mental illness. Depression scores were significantly inversely associated with age. Increasing age was also protective against post-pregnancy loss grief, as was participation in organized religious activities. Clinicians should be particularly alert to signs of depression following pregnancy loss in younger women and in women with a history of mental illness during or before pregnancy. The inverse association between religious attendance and grief following pregnancy loss merits further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Mann
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, SC 29210, USA.
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Lewis CA, Cruise SM, Guckin CM, Francis LJ. TEMPORAL STABILITY OF THE FRANCIS SCALE OF ATTITUDE TOWARD CHRISTIANITY AMONG 9- TO 11-YEAR-OLD ENGLISH CHILDREN: TEST-RETEST DATA OVER SIX WEEKS. SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND PERSONALITY 2006. [DOI: 10.2224/sbp.2006.34.9.1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Recently two studies have reported on the test-retest reliability of the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity; however, these studies were limited to samples of university students. This study examined the temporal stability of both the 24- and 7-item versions of the junior
version of the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity (Francis, 1978; Francis, Greer, & Gibson, 1991) over a six-week period among a sample of 58 English children aged between 9 and 11 years old. Data demonstrated that stability across the two administrations was very high for both
the 24- (r=.74) and 7-item (r=.67) versions, and there was no significant change between Time 1 and Time 2 for either version. These data support the short-term test-retest reliability of both the 24- and 7-item versions of the junior version of the Francis Scale of Attitude
toward Christianity among children.
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Lewis CA, Cruise SM, McGuckin C. Temporal stability of the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity short-form: test-retest data over one week. Psychol Rep 2005; 96:266-8. [PMID: 15941098 DOI: 10.2466/pr0.96.2.266-268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the test-retest reliability of the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity short-form. 39 Northern Irish undergraduate students completed the measure on two occasions separated by one week. Stability across the two administrations was high, r = .92, and there was no significant change between Time 1(M = 25.2, SD = 5.4) and Time 2 (M = 25.7, SD = 6.2). These data support the short-term test-retest reliability of the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity short-form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Alan Lewis
- School of Psychology, University of Ulster at Magee College, Londonderry, Northern Ireland, UK, BT48 7JL.
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