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Das D, Ghosh G, Dutta A, Sherpa RD, Ghosh P, Hui SP, Ghosh S. Fruit ripening retardant Daminozide induces cognitive impairment, cell specific neurotoxicity, and genotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. Neurotoxicology 2024; 103:123-133. [PMID: 38851594 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2024.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We explored neurotoxic and genotoxic effects of Daminozide, a fruit ripening retardant, on the brain of Drosophila melanogaster, based on our previous finding of DNA fragmentation in larval brain cell in the flies experimentally exposed to this chemicals. METHODS Adult flies were subjected to two distinct concentrations of daminozide (200 mg/L and 400 mg/L) mixed in culture medium, followed by an examination of specific behaviors such as courtship conditioning and aversive phototaxis, which serve as indicators of cognitive functions. We investigated brain histology and histochemistry to assess the overall toxicity of daminozide, focusing on neuron type-specific effects. Additionally, we conducted studies on gene expression specific to neuronal function. Statistical comparisons were then made between the exposed and control flies across all tested attributes. RESULTS The outcome of behavioral assays suggested deleterious effects of Daminozide on learning, short term and long term memory function. Histological examination of brain sections revealed cellular degeneration, within Kenyon cell neuropiles in Daminozide-exposed flies. Neurone specific Immuno-histochemistry study revealed significant reduction of dopaminergic and glutaminergic neurones with discernible reduction in cellular counts, alteration in cell and nuclear morphology among daminozide exposed flies. Gene expression analyses demonstrated upregulation of rutabaga (rut), hb9 and down regulation of PKa- C1, CrebB, Ace and nAchRbeta-1 in exposed flies which suggest dysregulation of gene functions involved in motor neuron activity, learning, and memory. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings suggests that Daminozide induces multifaceted harmful impacts on the neural terrain of Drosophila melanogaster, posing a threat to its cognitive abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasmita Das
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Gaurab Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research (IISER)- Kolkata Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Arthita Dutta
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Rinchen D Sherpa
- S. N. Pradhan Centre for Neurosciences, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Papiya Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, Bijoykrishna Girls' College. Howrah. India
| | - Subhra Prakash Hui
- S. N. Pradhan Centre for Neurosciences, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Sujay Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India.
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Gao CJ, Yang F, Wu B, Liang Y, Qin YY, Guo Y. A pilot study of several environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals in children with autism spectrum disorder in south China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:964. [PMID: 37462787 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11570-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a group of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders. Evidence has implied that environmental pollutants are important factors related to ASD. In this study, several environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals, including parabens, benzophenone-type ultraviolet filters, hydroxyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, triclosan and tetrabromobisphenol A were analyzed in blood plasma in ASD children (n = 34) and the control children (n = 28). The results showed that parabens were the most concentrated chemicals (2.18 ng/mL, median value), followed by hydroxyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (0.73 ng/mL), benzophenone-type ultraviolet filters (0.14 ng/mL), triclosan (0.13 ng/mL) and tetrabromobisphenol A (0.03 ng/mL). ASD children accumulated significantly lower 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 4-hydroxybenzophenone and triclosan but higher 2-hydroxyphenanthrene and tetrabromobisphenol A than the control children (0.02/0.09 ng/mL of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, p < 0.05; 0.04/0.07 ng/mL of 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, p < 0.05; 0.03/0.04 ng/mL of 4-hydroxybenzophenone, p < 0.05; 0.13/1.22 ng/mL of triclosan, p < 0.01; 0.03 ng/mL/not detected of 2-hydroxyphenanthrene, p < 0.05; 0.03/0.004 ng/mL of tetrabromobisphenol A, p < 0.05). Gender differences in certain environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals were evident, and the differences were more inclined toward boys. Positive associations between 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone and triclosan, and tetrabromobisphenol A and 2-hydroxyphenanthrene were found in ASD boys. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the adjusted odds ratio value of 2-hydroxyphenanthrene in ASD boys was 11.0 (1.45-84.0, p < 0.05). This is the first pilot study on multiple environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals in children with ASD in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Jing Gao
- College of Biological and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, China.
- School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Feng Yang
- Speech Therapy Department, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Binbin Wu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Yan-Yan Qin
- School of Medical Technology and Nursing, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Ying Guo
- School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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Molot J, Sears M, Anisman H. Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: It's time to catch up to the science. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 151:105227. [PMID: 37172924 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a complex medical condition associated with low dose chemical exposures. MCS is characterized by diverse features and common comorbidities, including fibromyalgia, cough hypersensitivity, asthma, and migraine, and stress/anxiety, with which the syndrome shares numerous neurobiological processes and altered functioning within diverse brain regions. Predictive factors linked to MCS comprise genetic influences, gene-environment interactions, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, cell dysfunction, and psychosocial influences. The development of MCS may be attributed to the sensitization of transient receptor potential (TRP) receptors, notably TRPV1 and TRPA1. Capsaicin inhalation challenge studies demonstrated that TRPV1 sensitization is manifested in MCS, and functional brain imaging studies revealed that TRPV1 and TRPA1 agonists promote brain-region specific neuronal variations. Unfortunately, MCS has often been inappropriately viewed as stemming exclusively from psychological disturbances, which has fostered patients being stigmatized and ostracized, and often being denied accommodation for their disability. Evidence-based education is essential to provide appropriate support and advocacy. Greater recognition of receptor-mediated biological mechanisms should be incorporated in laws, and regulation of environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Molot
- Family Medicine, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa ON Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa Canada.
| | - Margaret Sears
- Family Medicine, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa ON Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa Canada.
| | - Hymie Anisman
- Family Medicine, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa ON Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa Canada.
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Akinola LK, Uzairu A, Shallangwa GA, Abechi SE. Development of binary classification models for grouping hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls into active and inactive thyroid hormone receptor agonists. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 34:267-284. [PMID: 37139950 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2023.2207039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Some adverse effects of hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) in humans are presumed to be initiated via thyroid hormone receptor (TR) binding. Due to the trial-and-error approach adopted for OH-PCB selection in previous studies, experiments designed to test the TR binding hypothesis mostly utilized inactive OH-PCBs, leading to considerable waste of time, effort and other material resources. In this paper, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and binary logistic regression (LR) were used to develop classification models to group OH-PCBs into active and inactive TR agonists using radial distribution function (RDF) descriptors as predictor variables. The classifications made by both LDA and LR models on the training set compounds resulted in an accuracy of 84.3%, sensitivity of 72.2% and specificity of 90.9%. The areas under the ROC curves, constructed with the training set data, were found to be 0.872 and 0.880 for LDA and LR models, respectively. External validation of the models revealed that 76.5% of the test set compounds were correctly classified by both LDA and LR models. These findings suggest that the two models reported in this paper are good and reliable for classifying OH-PCB congeners into active and inactive TR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Akinola
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- Department of Chemistry, Bauchi State University, Gadau, Nigeria
| | - A Uzairu
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - G A Shallangwa
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - S E Abechi
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Molot J, Sears M, Marshall LM, Bray RI. Neurological susceptibility to environmental exposures: pathophysiological mechanisms in neurodegeneration and multiple chemical sensitivity. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2022; 37:509-530. [PMID: 34529912 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization lists air pollution as one of the top five risks for developing chronic non-communicable disease, joining tobacco use, harmful use of alcohol, unhealthy diets and physical inactivity. This review focuses on how host defense mechanisms against adverse airborne exposures relate to the probable interacting and overlapping pathophysiological features of neurodegeneration and multiple chemical sensitivity. Significant long-term airborne exposures can contribute to oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, transient receptor subfamily vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and subfamily ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) upregulation and sensitization, with impacts on olfactory and trigeminal nerve function, and eventual loss of brain mass. The potential for neurologic dysfunction, including decreased cognition, chronic pain and central sensitization related to airborne contaminants, can be magnified by genetic polymorphisms that result in less effective detoxification. Onset of neurodegenerative disorders is subtle, with early loss of brain mass and loss of sense of smell. Onset of MCS may be gradual following long-term low dose airborne exposures, or acute following a recognizable exposure. Upregulation of chemosensitive TRPV1 and TRPA1 polymodal receptors has been observed in patients with neurodegeneration, and chemically sensitive individuals with asthma, migraine and MCS. In people with chemical sensitivity, these receptors are also sensitized, which is defined as a reduction in the threshold and an increase in the magnitude of a response to noxious stimulation. There is likely damage to the olfactory system in neurodegeneration and trigeminal nerve hypersensitivity in MCS, with different effects on olfactory processing. The associations of low vitamin D levels and protein kinase activity seen in neurodegeneration have not been studied in MCS. Table 2 presents a summary of neurodegeneration and MCS, comparing 16 distinctive genetic, pathophysiological and clinical features associated with air pollution exposures. There is significant overlap, suggesting potential comorbidity. Canadian Health Measures Survey data indicates an overlap between neurodegeneration and MCS (p < 0.05) that suggests comorbidity, but the extent of increased susceptibility to the other condition is not established. Nevertheless, the pathways to the development of these conditions likely involve TRPV1 and TRPA1 receptors, and so it is hypothesized that manifestation of neurodegeneration and/or MCS and possibly why there is divergence may be influenced by polymorphisms of these receptors, among other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Molot
- Family Medicine, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, North York, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Riina I Bray
- Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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6
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Lorenzo-López L, Lema-Arranz C, Fernández-Bertólez N, Costa S, Costa C, Teixeira JP, Pásaro E, Valdiglesias V, Laffon B. Relationship between DNA damage measured by the comet-assay and cognitive function. MUTATION RESEARCH/GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 883-884:503557. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Distinct Role of Mono-2-ethylhexyl Phthalate in Neuronal Transmission in Rat CA3 Hippocampal Neurons: Involvement of Ion Channels. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103082. [PMID: 35630558 PMCID: PMC9143894 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) is one of the main active metabolites of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). In our previous works, by using rat and Drosophila models, we showed a disruption of neural function due to DEHP. However, the exact neural effects of MEHP are still unclear. To explore the effects of MEHP on the central nervous system, the electrophysiological properties of spontaneous action potential (sAP), mini-excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs), ion channels, including Na+, Ca2+, and K+ channels from rat CA3 hippocampal neurons area were assessed. Our data showed that MEHP (at the concentrations of 100 or 300 μM) decreased the amplitude of sAP and the frequency of mEPSCs. Additionally, MEHP (100 or 300 μM) significantly reduced the peak current density of Ca2+ channels, whereas only the concentration of 300 μM decreased the peak current density of Na+ and K+ channels. Therefore, our results indicate that exposure to MEHP could affect the neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity of rat CA3 hippocampal neurons by inhibiting ion channels’ activity, implying the distinct role of MEHP in neural transmission.
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8
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Bemanalizadeh M, Khoshhali M, Goli P, Abdollahpour I, Kelishadi R. Parental Occupational Exposure and Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Offspring: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Curr Environ Health Rep 2022; 9:406-422. [PMID: 35522387 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-022-00356-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Parental occupational exposures might be associated with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in offspring. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize and synthesize the current literature and to estimate the pooled magnitude of the underlying association(s) between parental occupational exposures and subsequent risk of NDDs. RECENT FINDINGS In the meta-analysis of 20 included studies, significant associations were found between parental occupational exposure to pesticides or solvents and the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in offspring. Prenatal occupational exposure to pesticides was significantly associated with motor development or cognition disorders in children. Furthermore, some evidence showed that metals might have a role in the development of autism spectrum disorders. Further studies need to identify the level of parental occupational exposures that can be significantly associated with NDDs. Moreover, utilizing standardized outcome and exposure scales is recommended to incorporate paternal, maternal, and parental as well as both prenatal and postnatal exposure in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Bemanalizadeh
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehri Khoshhali
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvin Goli
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ibrahim Abdollahpour
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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9
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Re DB, Yan B, Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Andrew AS, Tischbein M, Stommel EW. A perspective on persistent toxicants in veterans and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: identifying exposures determining higher ALS risk. J Neurol 2022; 269:2359-2377. [PMID: 34973105 PMCID: PMC9021134 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10928-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple studies indicate that United States veterans have an increased risk of developing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) compared to civilians. However, the responsible etiological factors are unknown. In the general population, specific occupational (e.g. truck drivers, airline pilots) and environmental exposures (e.g. metals, pesticides) are associated with an increased ALS risk. As such, the increased prevalence of ALS in veterans strongly suggests that there are exposures experienced by military personnel that are disproportionate to civilians. During service, veterans may encounter numerous neurotoxic exposures (e.g. burn pits, engine exhaust, firing ranges). So far, however, there is a paucity of studies investigating environmental factors contributing to ALS in veterans and even fewer assessing their exposure using biomarkers. Herein, we discuss ALS pathogenesis in relation to a series of persistent neurotoxicants (often emitted as mixtures) including: chemical elements, nanoparticles and lipophilic toxicants such as dioxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls. We propose these toxicants should be directly measured in veteran central nervous system tissue, where they may have accumulated for decades. Specific toxicants (or mixtures thereof) may accelerate ALS development following a multistep hypothesis or act synergistically with other service-linked exposures (e.g. head trauma/concussions). Such possibilities could explain the lower age of onset observed in veterans compared to civilians. Identifying high-risk exposures within vulnerable populations is key to understanding ALS etiopathogenesis and is urgently needed to act upon modifiable risk factors for military personnel who deserve enhanced protection during their years of service, not only for their short-term, but also long-term health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane B Re
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Beizhan Yan
- Department of Geochemistry, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas
- Department Biomedical Sciences, College of Health, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
- Universidad del Valle de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angeline S Andrew
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Maeve Tischbein
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Elijah W Stommel
- Department of Neurology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.
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Radha MJ, Basha MP. Genotoxic impact of di-n-butyl phthalate on DNA: A comparative study of three generations in the neuronal tissue of Wistar rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2022; 38:162-175. [PMID: 35317679 DOI: 10.1177/07482337221079428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), one of the plasticizers, is considered a ubiquitous environmental contaminant due to its widespread application in personal-care products and serves as a raw material in many industries for the generation of many plastic products. Several scientific investigations have shown that DBP caused embryotoxicity and cognitive impairments. However, there is less understanding of the genotoxic potential of DBP in neuronal tissue when exposure happens continuously for several generations. The present study was undertaken to investigate the impact of DBP on the nucleic acids of neuronal tissue in one-month-old rats by performing a comet assay and biochemical analyses. By oral gavage, the parental generation (F0) was administered DBP (500 mg/kg/day) during gestation (GD6-20) and lactation, and exposures were continued for three consecutive generations until the pups were grown to one-month-old. The oxidative stress assessments carried out in discrete brain regions isolated from one-month-old rats (F1-F3) following DBP exposure indicated significant inhibition in the levels of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) while oxidant status (malondialdehyde) was elevated significantly. The extent of DNA damage using the comet assay, as measured by the olive moment, tail DNA percentage and tail length, was greater in DBP-treated rats compared with the control group, but RNA/DNA content decreased significantly. The results of this study suggested a strong link between oxidative stress and genetic integrity in the neuronal tissue of rats exposed to DBP generationally. To summarise, DBP exposure during pregnancy caused oxidative stress, which resulted in genetic instability in specific discrete brain regions of the third generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Radha
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, 209507Ramaiah College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Bangalore, India
| | - Mahaboob P Basha
- Department of Zoology, 29100Bangalore University, Bangalore, India
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11
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Clouston SAP, Hall CB, Kritikos M, Bennett DA, DeKosky S, Edwards J, Finch C, Kreisl WC, Mielke M, Peskind ER, Raskind M, Richards M, Sloan RP, Spiro A, Vasdev N, Brackbill R, Farfel M, Horton M, Lowe S, Lucchini RG, Prezant D, Reibman J, Rosen R, Seil K, Zeig-Owens R, Deri Y, Diminich ED, Fausto BA, Gandy S, Sano M, Bromet EJ, Luft BJ. Cognitive impairment and World Trade Centre-related exposures. Nat Rev Neurol 2022; 18:103-116. [PMID: 34795448 PMCID: PMC8938977 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-021-00576-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
On 11 September 2001 the World Trade Center (WTC) in New York was attacked by terrorists, causing the collapse of multiple buildings including the iconic 110-story 'Twin Towers'. Thousands of people died that day from the collapse of the buildings, fires, falling from the buildings, falling debris, or other related accidents. Survivors of the attacks, those who worked in search and rescue during and after the buildings collapsed, and those working in recovery and clean-up operations were exposed to severe psychological stressors. Concurrently, these 'WTC-affected' individuals breathed and ingested a mixture of organic and particulate neurotoxins and pro-inflammogens generated as a result of the attack and building collapse. Twenty years later, researchers have documented neurocognitive and motor dysfunctions that resemble the typical features of neurodegenerative disease in some WTC responders at midlife. Cortical atrophy, which usually manifests later in life, has also been observed in this population. Evidence indicates that neurocognitive symptoms and corresponding brain atrophy are associated with both physical exposures at the WTC and chronic post-traumatic stress disorder, including regularly re-experiencing traumatic memories of the events while awake or during sleep. Despite these findings, little is understood about the long-term effects of these physical and mental exposures on the brain health of WTC-affected individuals, and the potential for neurocognitive disorders. Here, we review the existing evidence concerning neurological outcomes in WTC-affected individuals, with the aim of contextualizing this research for policymakers, researchers and clinicians and educating WTC-affected individuals and their friends and families. We conclude by providing a rationale and recommendations for monitoring the neurological health of WTC-affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A P Clouston
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Charles B Hall
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Minos Kritikos
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Medical College, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steven DeKosky
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute and Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jerri Edwards
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Caleb Finch
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William C Kreisl
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Mielke
- Specialized Center of Research Excellence on Sex Differences, Department of Neurology, Department of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Elaine R Peskind
- Veteran's Association VISN 20 Northwest Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Murray Raskind
- Veteran's Association VISN 20 Northwest Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marcus Richards
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Richard P Sloan
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Avron Spiro
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), Department of Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Center, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Brackbill
- World Trade Center Health Registry, New York Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark Farfel
- World Trade Center Health Registry, New York Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, USA
| | - Megan Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandra Lowe
- The World Trade Center Mental Health Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - David Prezant
- World Trade Center Health Program, Fire Department of the City of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Joan Reibman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Rosen
- World Trade Center Environmental Health Center, Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kacie Seil
- World Trade Center Health Registry, New York Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Zeig-Owens
- World Trade Center Health Program, Fire Department of the City of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yael Deri
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Erica D Diminich
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Bernadette A Fausto
- Center for Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Sam Gandy
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Mount Sinai Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Sano
- Research and Development Service, James J. Peters Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Mount Sinai Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evelyn J Bromet
- Department of Psychiatry, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin J Luft
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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12
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Bisphenol a Induces Autophagy Defects and AIF-Dependent Apoptosis via HO-1 and AMPK to Degenerate N2a Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010948. [PMID: 34681608 PMCID: PMC8535739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental contaminant widely suspected to be a neurological toxicant. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated close links between BPA exposure, pathogenetic brain degeneration, and altered neurobehaviors, considering BPA a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction. However, the mechanisms of BPA resulting in neurodegeneration remain unclear. Herein, cultured N2a neurons were subjected to BPA treatment, and neurotoxicity was assessed using neuronal viability and differentiation assays. Signaling cascades related to cellular self-degradation were also evaluated. BPA decreased cell viability and axon outgrowth (e.g., by down-regulating MAP2 and GAP43), thus confirming its role as a neurotoxicant. BPA induced neurotoxicity by down-regulating Bcl-2 and initiating apoptosis and autophagy flux inhibition (featured by nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), light chain 3B (LC3B) aggregation, and p62 accumulation). Both heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) up-regulated/activated by BPA mediated the molecular signalings involved in apoptosis and autophagy. HO-1 inhibition or AIF silencing effectively reduced BPA-induced neuronal death. Although BPA elicited intracellular oxygen free radical production, ROS scavenger NAC exerted no effect against BPA insults. These results suggest that BPA induces N2a neurotoxicity characterized by AIF-dependent apoptosis and p62-related autophagy defects via HO-1 up-regulation and AMPK activation, thereby resulting in neuronal degeneration.
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Liu X, Yang J, Gan Z, Wang H, Hu Z, Liu J, Ran D. Effects of Mono-2-ethylhexyl Phthalate on the Neural Transmission of PNs in Drosophila Antennal Lobe. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1430-1439. [PMID: 34191265 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to different types of chemicals is hazardous to human health. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) could exert pleiotropic deleterious effects on nervous systems. Mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), as one of the most toxic metabolites of DEHP, may have similar effects on nervous systems. However, no effects of MEHP on neural circuits have been reported. To uncover the regulation of MEHP on neural transmission, the functional changes of neural excitability and synaptic plasticity of projection neurons (PNs) have been assessed. In the current study, we recorded the action potentials (APs), stimulate action potentials (sti-APs), mini excitement postsynaptic current (mEPSC), calcium currents, and sodium currents from PNs of isolated whole brain of Drosophila model utilizing patch clamp recordings. We found that MEHP-300 (at the concentration of 300 μM), but not MHEP-100 (at the concentration of 100 μM), significantly decreased the frequency and amplitude of APs. Besides, the amplitude and anti-amplitude of sti-APs were reduced with the application of MEHP-300. Meanwhile, MEHP-300 reduced the frequency of mEPSC, but not the amplitude. Furthermore, MEHP-300 reduced the peak current densities of sodium and calcium channels. Therefore, our results indicated that MEHP could alter the neural excitability and synaptic plasticity of PNs by inhibiting the ion channels activities, revealing the potential modulation of MEHP on neural transmission of PNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongjie Gan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuqin Hu
- Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Southwest University Public Health Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongzhi Ran
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
- The Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China.
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Goralczyk K. A Review of the Impact of Selected Anthropogenic Chemicals from the Group of Endocrine Disruptors on Human Health. TOXICS 2021; 9:146. [PMID: 34202868 PMCID: PMC8309764 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9070146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to review data on the impact of anthropogenic chemicals (endocrine disruptors) on various diseases, which, consequently, may facilitate their prevention and be used as a tool for managing public healthcare. Every day, humans are exposed to chemicals, including xenoestrogens, which are similar to female hormones. METHODS This manuscript was prepared based on a meta-analysis of research on the impacts of selected EDCs on human health. RESULTS Special attention should be paid to bisphenol A (BPA), benzo-α-pyrene, and phthalates due to their proven endocrine activity and presence in our daily lives. Xenoestrogens are absorbed by human organisms through the digestive system since they can migrate to food from food packages and drinks as well as from plastic products used daily. The presence of these chemicals in human organisms is considered a potential cause for some diseases commonly referred to as 'diseases of civilization'. CONCLUSIONS The biomonitoring of xenoestrogens, which are chemicals with unfavorable impacts on human health, is a crucial tool for assessing the risk from the pollution of the environment. The novelty is a holistic approach to assessing the occurrence of risk factors for civilization diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Goralczyk
- Institute of Biology Science in Warsaw, University of Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Tian SX, Cheng W, Lu JJ, Zhou FM, Ding ZS, Zhu BQ. Role of Militarine in PM 2.5-Induced BV-2 Cell Damage. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1423-1434. [PMID: 33675461 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03281-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of studies have shown that air fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution is closely associated with neuroinflammation in humans. Militarine, a glucosyloxybenzyl 2-isobutylmalate compound isolated from Bletilla striata, has been found to exert significant neuroprotective effects. However, the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects of militarine on PM2.5-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells have not been reported. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of militarine against PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity and its mechanism in BV-2 microglial cells. Our results revealed that pretreatment with 0.31-1.25 μg/mL militarine reversed the morphological changes caused by PM2.5 and decreased proinflammatory cytokine generation and gene expression in PM2.5-treated BV-2 cells. In particular, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 expression was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, militarine markedly inhibited the upregulation of Toll-like receptor 4, Toll-like receptor 2, and cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels and reduced NF-κB pathway-associated protein expression. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that militarine suppressed NF-κB activity through inhibiting p65 nuclear translocation. Our data suggested that militarine alleviated neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglial cells, possibly by inhibiting the expression of neuroinflammatory cytokines through the TLR/NF-κB signaling pathway. Additionally, militarine significantly reduced PM2.5-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cell apoptosis and restored the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP; ΔΨm). Collectively, these findings demonstrate that militarine played a protective role against PM2.5-induced damage in BV-2 cells by exerting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xin Tian
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jing-Jing Lu
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Fang-Mei Zhou
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Zhi-Shan Ding
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Bing-Qi Zhu
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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16
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He NX, Bayen S. An overview of chemical contaminants and other undesirable chemicals in alcoholic beverages and strategies for analysis. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:3916-3950. [PMID: 33337040 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The presence of chemical contaminant in alcoholic beverages is a widespread and notable problem with potential implications for human health. With the complexity and wide variation in the raw materials, production processes, and contact materials involved, there are a multitude of opportunities for a diverse host of undesirable compounds to make their way into the final product-some of which may currently remain unidentified and undetected. This review provides an overview of the notable contaminants (including pesticides, environmental contaminants, mycotoxins, process-induced contaminants, residues of food contact material [FCM], and illegal additives) that have been detected in alcoholic products thus far based on prior reviews and findings in the literature, and will additionally consider the potential sources for contamination, and finally discuss and identify gaps in current analytical strategies. The findings of this review highlight a need for further investigation into unwanted substances in alcoholic beverages, particularly concerning chemical migrants from FCMs, as well as a need for comprehensive nontargeted analytical techniques capable of determining unanticipated contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Xiaohe He
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Bayen
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
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17
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Landrigan PJ, Stegeman JJ, Fleming LE, Allemand D, Anderson DM, Backer LC, Brucker-Davis F, Chevalier N, Corra L, Czerucka D, Bottein MYD, Demeneix B, Depledge M, Deheyn DD, Dorman CJ, Fénichel P, Fisher S, Gaill F, Galgani F, Gaze WH, Giuliano L, Grandjean P, Hahn ME, Hamdoun A, Hess P, Judson B, Laborde A, McGlade J, Mu J, Mustapha A, Neira M, Noble RT, Pedrotti ML, Reddy C, Rocklöv J, Scharler UM, Shanmugam H, Taghian G, van de Water JA, Vezzulli L, Weihe P, Zeka A, Raps H, Rampal P. Human Health and Ocean Pollution. Ann Glob Health 2020; 86:151. [PMID: 33354517 PMCID: PMC7731724 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.2831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pollution - unwanted waste released to air, water, and land by human activity - is the largest environmental cause of disease in the world today. It is responsible for an estimated nine million premature deaths per year, enormous economic losses, erosion of human capital, and degradation of ecosystems. Ocean pollution is an important, but insufficiently recognized and inadequately controlled component of global pollution. It poses serious threats to human health and well-being. The nature and magnitude of these impacts are only beginning to be understood. Goals (1) Broadly examine the known and potential impacts of ocean pollution on human health. (2) Inform policy makers, government leaders, international organizations, civil society, and the global public of these threats. (3) Propose priorities for interventions to control and prevent pollution of the seas and safeguard human health. Methods Topic-focused reviews that examine the effects of ocean pollution on human health, identify gaps in knowledge, project future trends, and offer evidence-based guidance for effective intervention. Environmental Findings Pollution of the oceans is widespread, worsening, and in most countries poorly controlled. It is a complex mixture of toxic metals, plastics, manufactured chemicals, petroleum, urban and industrial wastes, pesticides, fertilizers, pharmaceutical chemicals, agricultural runoff, and sewage. More than 80% arises from land-based sources. It reaches the oceans through rivers, runoff, atmospheric deposition and direct discharges. It is often heaviest near the coasts and most highly concentrated along the coasts of low- and middle-income countries. Plastic is a rapidly increasing and highly visible component of ocean pollution, and an estimated 10 million metric tons of plastic waste enter the seas each year. Mercury is the metal pollutant of greatest concern in the oceans; it is released from two main sources - coal combustion and small-scale gold mining. Global spread of industrialized agriculture with increasing use of chemical fertilizer leads to extension of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) to previously unaffected regions. Chemical pollutants are ubiquitous and contaminate seas and marine organisms from the high Arctic to the abyssal depths. Ecosystem Findings Ocean pollution has multiple negative impacts on marine ecosystems, and these impacts are exacerbated by global climate change. Petroleum-based pollutants reduce photosynthesis in marine microorganisms that generate oxygen. Increasing absorption of carbon dioxide into the seas causes ocean acidification, which destroys coral reefs, impairs shellfish development, dissolves calcium-containing microorganisms at the base of the marine food web, and increases the toxicity of some pollutants. Plastic pollution threatens marine mammals, fish, and seabirds and accumulates in large mid-ocean gyres. It breaks down into microplastic and nanoplastic particles containing multiple manufactured chemicals that can enter the tissues of marine organisms, including species consumed by humans. Industrial releases, runoff, and sewage increase frequency and severity of HABs, bacterial pollution, and anti-microbial resistance. Pollution and sea surface warming are triggering poleward migration of dangerous pathogens such as the Vibrio species. Industrial discharges, pharmaceutical wastes, pesticides, and sewage contribute to global declines in fish stocks. Human Health Findings Methylmercury and PCBs are the ocean pollutants whose human health effects are best understood. Exposures of infants in utero to these pollutants through maternal consumption of contaminated seafood can damage developing brains, reduce IQ and increase children's risks for autism, ADHD and learning disorders. Adult exposures to methylmercury increase risks for cardiovascular disease and dementia. Manufactured chemicals - phthalates, bisphenol A, flame retardants, and perfluorinated chemicals, many of them released into the seas from plastic waste - can disrupt endocrine signaling, reduce male fertility, damage the nervous system, and increase risk of cancer. HABs produce potent toxins that accumulate in fish and shellfish. When ingested, these toxins can cause severe neurological impairment and rapid death. HAB toxins can also become airborne and cause respiratory disease. Pathogenic marine bacteria cause gastrointestinal diseases and deep wound infections. With climate change and increasing pollution, risk is high that Vibrio infections, including cholera, will increase in frequency and extend to new areas. All of the health impacts of ocean pollution fall disproportionately on vulnerable populations in the Global South - environmental injustice on a planetary scale. Conclusions Ocean pollution is a global problem. It arises from multiple sources and crosses national boundaries. It is the consequence of reckless, shortsighted, and unsustainable exploitation of the earth's resources. It endangers marine ecosystems. It impedes the production of atmospheric oxygen. Its threats to human health are great and growing, but still incompletely understood. Its economic costs are only beginning to be counted.Ocean pollution can be prevented. Like all forms of pollution, ocean pollution can be controlled by deploying data-driven strategies based on law, policy, technology, and enforcement that target priority pollution sources. Many countries have used these tools to control air and water pollution and are now applying them to ocean pollution. Successes achieved to date demonstrate that broader control is feasible. Heavily polluted harbors have been cleaned, estuaries rejuvenated, and coral reefs restored.Prevention of ocean pollution creates many benefits. It boosts economies, increases tourism, helps restore fisheries, and improves human health and well-being. It advances the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). These benefits will last for centuries. Recommendations World leaders who recognize the gravity of ocean pollution, acknowledge its growing dangers, engage civil society and the global public, and take bold, evidence-based action to stop pollution at source will be critical to preventing ocean pollution and safeguarding human health.Prevention of pollution from land-based sources is key. Eliminating coal combustion and banning all uses of mercury will reduce mercury pollution. Bans on single-use plastic and better management of plastic waste reduce plastic pollution. Bans on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have reduced pollution by PCBs and DDT. Control of industrial discharges, treatment of sewage, and reduced applications of fertilizers have mitigated coastal pollution and are reducing frequency of HABs. National, regional and international marine pollution control programs that are adequately funded and backed by strong enforcement have been shown to be effective. Robust monitoring is essential to track progress.Further interventions that hold great promise include wide-scale transition to renewable fuels; transition to a circular economy that creates little waste and focuses on equity rather than on endless growth; embracing the principles of green chemistry; and building scientific capacity in all countries.Designation of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) will safeguard critical ecosystems, protect vulnerable fish stocks, and enhance human health and well-being. Creation of MPAs is an important manifestation of national and international commitment to protecting the health of the seas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John J. Stegeman
- Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, US
| | - Lora E. Fleming
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, GB
- University of Exeter Medical School, GB
| | | | - Donald M. Anderson
- Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, US
| | | | | | - Nicolas Chevalier
- Université Côte d’Azur, FR
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Inserm, C3M, FR
| | - Lilian Corra
- International Society of Doctors for the Environment (ISDE), CH
- Health and Environment of the Global Alliance on Health and Pollution (GAHP), AR
| | | | - Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein
- Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, FR
- IOC Science and Communication Centre on Harmful Algae, University of Copenhagen, DK
- Ecotoxicologie et développement durable expertise ECODD, Valbonne, FR
| | - Barbara Demeneix
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, FR
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, FR
| | | | - Dimitri D. Deheyn
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, US
| | | | - Patrick Fénichel
- Université Côte d’Azur, FR
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Inserm, C3M, FR
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark E. Hahn
- Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, US
| | | | - Philipp Hess
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation des Mers, FR
| | | | | | - Jacqueline McGlade
- Institute for Global Prosperity, University College London, GB
- Strathmore University Business School, Nairobi, KE
| | | | - Adetoun Mustapha
- Nigerian Institute for Medical Research, Lagos, NG
- Imperial College London, GB
| | | | | | | | - Christopher Reddy
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, US
| | - Joacim Rocklöv
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, SE
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pál Weihe
- University of the Faroe Islands and Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, FO
| | | | - Hervé Raps
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, MC
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Health and Sustainable Development, MC
| | - Patrick Rampal
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, MC
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Health and Sustainable Development, MC
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Nguyen HTT, Jang SH, Park SJ, Cho DH, Han SK. Potentiation of the Glycine Response by Bisphenol A, an Endocrine Disrupter, on the Substantia Gelatinosa Neurons of the Trigeminal Subnucleus Caudalis in Mice. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:782-788. [PMID: 31997638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lamina II, also called the substantia gelatinosa (SG) of the medullary dorsal horn (the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis, Vc), is thought to play an essential role in the control of orofacial nociception because it receives the nociceptive signals from primary afferents, including thin myelinated Aδ- and unmyelinated C-fibers. Glycine, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, plays an essential role in the transference of nociceptive messages from the periphery to higher brain regions. Bisphenol A (BPA) is reported to alter the morphological and functional characteristics of neuronal cells and to be an effector of a great number of ion channels in the central nervous system. However, the electrophysiological effects of BPA on the glycine receptors of SG neurons in the Vc have not been well studied. Therefore, in this study, we used the whole-cell patch-clamp technique to determine the effect of BPA on the glycine response in SG neurons of the Vc in male mice. We demonstrated that in early neonatal mice (0-3 postnatal day mice), BPA did not affect the glycine-induced inward current. However, in the juvenile and adult groups, BPA enhanced the glycine-mediated responses. Heteromeric glycine receptors were involved in the modulation by BPA. The interaction between BPA and glycine appears to have a significant role in regulating transmission in the nociceptive pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Thi Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.,Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Seon Hui Jang
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Joung Park
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyu Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute and Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Han
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
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Kritikos M, Gandy S, Meliker JR, Luft BJ, Clouston SAP. Acute versus Chronic Exposures to Inhaled Particulate Matter and Neurocognitive Dysfunction: Pathways to Alzheimer's Disease or a Related Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:871-886. [PMID: 33074229 PMCID: PMC7704925 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An estimated 92% of the world's population live in regions where people are regularly exposed to high levels of anthropogenic air pollution. Historically, research on the effects of air pollution have focused extensively on cardiovascular and pulmonary health. However, emerging evidence from animal and human studies has suggested that chronic exposures to air pollution detrimentally change the functioning of the central nervous system with the result being proteinopathy, neurocognitive impairment, and neurodegenerative disease. Case analyses of aging World Trade Center responders suggests that a single severe exposure may also induce a neuropathologic response. The goal of this report was to explore the neuroscientific support for the hypothesis that inhaled particulate matter might cause an Alzheimer's-like neurodegenerative disease, in order to consider proposed mechanisms and latency periods linking inhaled particulate matter and neurodegeneration, and to propose new directions in this line of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minos Kritikos
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Program in Public Health, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Samuel Gandy
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jaymie R. Meliker
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Program in Public Health, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Luft
- World Trade Center Health and Wellness Program, Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Sean A. P. Clouston
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Program in Public Health, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Bisphenol A triggers axonal injury and myelin degeneration with concomitant neurobehavioral toxicity in C57BL/6J male mice. Toxicology 2019; 428:152299. [PMID: 31574244 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.152299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitously distributed endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC). BPA exposure in humans has been a matter of concern due to its increased application in the products of day to day use. BPA has been reported to cause toxicity in almost all the vital organ systems even at a very low dose levels. It crosses the blood brain barrier and causes neurotoxicity. We studied the effect of BPA on the cerebral cortex of C57BL/6J mice and examined whether BPA exposure alters the expression of axonal and myelin structural proteins. Male mice were dosed orally to 40 μg and 400 μg BPA/kg body weight for 60 days. BPA exposure resulted in memory loss, muscle coordination deficits and allodynia. BPA exposure also caused degeneration of immature and mature oligodendrocytes as evaluated by decreased mRNA levels of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase (CNPase), nestin, myelin basic protein (MBP) and myelin-associated glycoprotein-1 (MAG-1) genes revealing myelin related pathology. It was observed that subchronic BPA exposure caused neuroinflammation through deregulation of inflammatory cytokines mRNA and protein expression which further resulted into neurotoxicity through axonal as well as myelin degeneration in the brain. BPA also caused increased oxidative stress in the brain. Our study indicates long-term subchronic low dose exposure to BPA has the potential to cause axonal degeneration and demyelination in the oligodendrocytes and neurons which may have implications in neurological and neuropsychological disorders including multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica and others.
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21
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Yuan J, Liu Y, Wang J, Zhao Y, Li K, Jing Y, Zhang X, Liu Q, Geng X, Li G, Wang F. Long-term Persistent Organic Pollutants Exposure Induced Telomere Dysfunction and Senescence-Associated Secretary Phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 73:1027-1035. [PMID: 29360938 PMCID: PMC6037063 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmentally persistent organic pollutant (POP) is the general term for refractory organic compounds that show long-range atmospheric transport, environmental persistence, and bioaccumulation. It has been reported that the accumulation of POPs could lead to cellular DNA damage and adverse effects of on metabolic health. To better understand the mechanism of the health risks associated with POPs, we conducted an evidence-based cohort investigation (n = 5,955) at the Jinghai e-waste disposal center in China from 2009 to 2016, where people endure serious POP exposure. And high levels of aging-related diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, and reproductive disorders were identified associated with the POP exposure. In the subsequent molecular level study, an increased telomere dysfunction including telomere multiple telomere signals, telomere signal-free ends, telomere shortening and activation of alternative lengthening of telomeres were observed, which might result from the hypomethylated DNA modification induced telomeric repeat-containing RNA overexpression. Moreover, dysfunctional telomere-leaded senescence-associated secretory phenotype was confirmed, as the proinflammatory cytokines and immunosenescence hallmarks including interleukin-6, P16INK4a, and P14ARF were stimulated. Thus, we proposed that the dysfunctional telomere and elevated systemic chronic inflammation contribute to the aging-associated diseases, which were highly developed among the POP exposure individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Yuan
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Yuxia Zhao
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Keqiu Li
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Yaqing Jing
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhang
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Radiobiology, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Geng
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China
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22
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Application of biomimetic HPLC to estimate in vivo behavior of early drug discovery compounds. FUTURE DRUG DISCOVERY 2019. [DOI: 10.4155/fdd-2019-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterizing the properties of large numbers of compounds and estimating their potential absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination properties are important early stages in the process of drug discovery and help to reduce later stage attrition. The chromatographic separation principles using stationary phases that contain proteins and phospholipids are more suitable for compound characterization and estimation of the pharmacokinetic properties than the traditional octanol/water partition coefficient. This technology, when standardized, enables the prediction of in vivo behavior and the selection of compounds with the best potential, thus reducing the number of animal experiments. Chromatography may be involved more widely in the future to measure kinetic aspects of compounds’ binding to proteins and receptors which would enable designing compounds that require a lower frequency of doses and have more predictable pharmacokinetic profiles.
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23
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Abstract
1. Consistent differences in the proportion of an orally administered dose of S-carboxymethyl-l-cysteine subsequently excreted in the urine as S-oxide metabolites were reported 40 years ago. This observation suggested the existence of inter-individual variation in the ability to undertake the enzymatic S-oxygenation of this compound. Pedigree studies and investigations employing twin pairs indicated a genetically controlled phenomenon overlaid with environmental influences. It was reproducible and not related to gender or age.2. Studies undertaken in several healthy volunteer cohorts always provided similar results that were not significantly different when statistically analysed. However, when compared to these healthy populations, a preponderance of subjects exhibiting the characteristic of poor sulfoxidation of S-carboxymethyl-l-cysteine was found within groups of patients suffering from various disease conditions. The most striking of these associations were witnessed amongst subjects diagnosed with neurodegenerative disorders; although, underlying mechanisms were unknown.3. Exhaustive investigation has identified the enzyme responsible for this S-oxygenation reaction as the tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase, phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase classically assigned the sole function of converting phenylalanine to tyrosine. The underlying principle is discussed that enzymes traditionally associated solely with intermediary metabolism may have as yet unrecognised alternative roles in protecting the organism from potential toxic assault.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Mitchell
- Section of Computational and Systems Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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24
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Georgiadis P, Gavriil M, Rantakokko P, Ladoukakis E, Botsivali M, Kelly RS, Bergdahl IA, Kiviranta H, Vermeulen RCH, Spaeth F, Hebbels DGAJ, Kleinjans JCS, de Kok TMCM, Palli D, Vineis P, Kyrtopoulos SA. DNA methylation profiling implicates exposure to PCBs in the pathogenesis of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 126:24-36. [PMID: 30776747 PMCID: PMC7063446 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize the impact of PCB exposure on DNA methylation in peripheral blood leucocytes and to evaluate the corresponding changes in relation to possible health effects, with a focus on B-cell lymphoma. METHODS We conducted an epigenome-wide association study on 611 adults free of diagnosed disease, living in Italy and Sweden, in whom we also measured plasma concentrations of 6 PCB congeners, DDE and hexachlorobenzene. RESULTS We identified 650 CpG sites whose methylation correlates strongly (FDR < 0.01) with plasma concentrations of at least one PCB congener. Stronger effects were observed in males and in Sweden. This epigenetic exposure profile shows extensive and highly statistically significant overlaps with published profiles associated with the risk of future B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) as well as with clinical CLL (38 and 28 CpG sites, respectively). For all these sites, the methylation changes were in the same direction for increasing exposure and for higher disease risk or clinical disease status, suggesting an etiological link between exposure and CLL. Mediation analysis reinforced the suggestion of a causal link between exposure, changes in DNA methylation and disease. Disease connectivity analysis identified multiple additional diseases associated with differentially methylated genes, including melanoma for which an etiological link with PCB exposure is established, as well as developmental and neurological diseases for which there is corresponding epidemiological evidence. Differentially methylated genes include many homeobox genes, suggesting that PCBs target stem cells. Furthermore, numerous polycomb protein target genes were hypermethylated with increasing exposure, an effect known to constitute an early marker of carcinogenesis. CONCLUSIONS This study provides mechanistic evidence in support of a link between exposure to PCBs and the etiology of CLL and underlines the utility of omic profiling in the evaluation of the potential toxicity of environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Georgiadis
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Marios Gavriil
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Panu Rantakokko
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health Security, Environmental Health unit, P.O. Box 95, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Efthymios Ladoukakis
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Maria Botsivali
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Rachel S Kelly
- MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Ingvar A Bergdahl
- Department of Biobank Research, and Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Hannu Kiviranta
- MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Roel C H Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Florentin Spaeth
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Domenico Palli
- The Institute for Cancer Research and Prevention, Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Soterios A Kyrtopoulos
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., Athens 11635, Greece.
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25
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Coxon T, Goldstein L, Odhiambo BK. Analysis of spatial distribution of trace metals, PCB, and PAH and their potential impact on human health in Virginian Counties and independent cities, USA. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:783-801. [PMID: 30109527 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0172-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing anthropogenic alteration has resulted in increased exposure to both point and nonpoint source pollution. These exposures are increasingly studied for their role in human diseases, including diseases with known genetic or lifestyle risk factors. This study analyzed associations between a variety of human diseases and trace metals, PCBs, and PAHs in soil, groundwater, sediment, and fish. Contaminant spatial data at the county level from Virginia were used in ArcGIS to identify these associations among socially vulnerable populations. The neurologic and psychiatric disorders and cognitive markers were associated with numerous metals in groundwater/soil and/or aquatic system contaminants. Cancer death rates, fetal deaths, and infant deaths were also related to multiple environmental exposures from both categories of exposure. In contrast, many of the chronic diseases which are primarily attributed to lifestyle showed little association with these exposures with the exception of COPD which did appear to be associated with multiple metal exposures. Asthma showed similar associations compared to COPD. Our data suggest that within the context of socially vulnerable populations, where disease burden is often highest, exposures to metals, PAHs, and PCBs may play a role in the development or exacerbation of several highly prevalent categories of disease. These environmental exposures likely act through a variety of pathways all generally leading to increased oxidative stress, inflammation, or interference with biological systems and a subsequent role in disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Coxon
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Mary Washington, 1301, Fredericksburg, VA, 22401, USA
| | - L Goldstein
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Mary Washington, 1301, Fredericksburg, VA, 22401, USA
| | - B K Odhiambo
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Mary Washington, 1301, Fredericksburg, VA, 22401, USA.
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26
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Myung W, Lee H, Kim H. Short-term air pollution exposure and emergency department visits for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A time-stratified case-crossover analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 123:467-475. [PMID: 30622072 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and devastating neurodegenerative disease, eventually leading to respiratory failure. Although the only currently available therapeutic interventions merely slow the disease progression, few studies have examined risk factors associated with ALS exacerbation and progression. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between exposure to short-term air pollution and acute exacerbation of ALS requiring emergency department (ED) visit. METHODS We identified from the national emergency database of Korea 617 patients who visited EDs in Seoul with ALS as a primary cause during the period 2008-2014. We estimated short-term exposure to particles <2.5 μm (PM2.5), particles <10 μm (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO). We conducted a conditional logistic regression with a time-stratified case-crossover design to examine the association between ED visits for ALS and short-term exposure to interquartile range (IQR) increase and upper quartile levels of air pollutants on the day of the ED visit, compared to the control days matched to day of the week, month, and year. RESULTS The risk of ED visits for ALS was significantly associated with an IQR increase of PM2.5 [Odds ratio (OR) = 1.21; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08, 1.35], PM10 [OR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.25], SO2 [OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.41], and CO [OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.36]. Exposure to the highest quartiles of PM2.5 and PM10 showed higher associations with ED visits for ALS [OR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.85 and OR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.77]. DISCUSSION We provide new evidence that exposure to short-term air pollution may increase the risk of acute exacerbation of ALS. Further studies are warranted to understand the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojae Myung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hyewon Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Ho Kim
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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27
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Neurobehavioral and oxidative stress alterations following methylmercury and retinyl palmitate co-administration in pregnant and lactating rats and their offspring. Neurotoxicology 2018; 69:164-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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28
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Akintunde JK, Irondi AE, Ajani EO, Olayemi TV. Neuroprotective effect of dietary black seed flour on key enzymes linked with neuronal signaling molecules in rats exposed to mixture of environmental metals. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. K. Akintunde
- Toxicology and Safety Unit, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, Department of Environmental Health Sciences; University of Ibadan; Inadan Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Pure and Applied Sciences; Kwara State University; Malete P.M.B 1530 Nigeria
| | - A. E. Irondi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Pure and Applied Sciences; Kwara State University; Malete P.M.B 1530 Nigeria
| | - E. O. Ajani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Pure and Applied Sciences; Kwara State University; Malete P.M.B 1530 Nigeria
| | - T. V. Olayemi
- Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemical, Physical and Geological, College of Pure and Applied Sciences; Kwara State University; Malete P.M.B 1530 Nigeria
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29
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Selmanoğlu G, Mülayimçelik Özgün G, Karacaoğlu E. Acrolein-mediated neurotoxicity in growing Wistar male rats. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 149:37-43. [PMID: 30033014 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Güldeniz Selmanoğlu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Beytepe, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | | | - Elif Karacaoğlu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Beytepe, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
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30
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Portelius E, Durieu E, Bodin M, Cam M, Pannee J, Leuxe C, Mabondzo A, Oumata N, Galons H, Lee JY, Chang YT, Stϋber K, Koch P, Fontaine G, Potier MC, Manousopoulou A, Garbis SD, Covaci A, Van Dam D, De Deyn P, Karg F, Flajolet M, Omori C, Hata S, Suzuki T, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Meijer L. Specific Triazine Herbicides Induce Amyloid-β42 Production. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 54:1593-1605. [PMID: 27589520 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) by secretases leads to extracellular release of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. Increased production of Aβ42 over Aβ40 and aggregation into oligomers and plaques constitute an Alzheimer's disease (AD) hallmark. Identifying products of the 'human chemical exposome' (HCE) able to induce Aβ42 production may be a key to understanding some of the initiating causes of AD and to generate non-genetic, chemically-induced AD animal models. A cell model was used to screen HCE libraries for Aβ42 inducers. Out of 3500+ compounds, six triazine herbicides were found that induced a β- and γ-secretases-dependent, 2-10 fold increase in the production of extracellular Aβ42 in various cell lines, primary neuronal cells, and neurons differentiated from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry analyses show enhanced production of Aβ peptides cleaved at positions 42/43, and reduced production of peptides cleaved at positions 38 and lower, a characteristic of AD. Neurons derived from iPSCs obtained from a familial AD (FAD) patient (AβPP K724N) produced more Aβ42 versus Aβ40 than neurons derived from healthy controls iPSCs (AβPP WT). Triazines enhanced Aβ42 production in both control and AD iPSCs-derived neurons. Triazines also shifted the cleavage pattern of alcadeinα, another γ-secretase substrate, suggesting a direct effect of triazines on γ-secretase activity. In conclusion, several widely used triazines enhance the production of toxic, aggregation prone Aβ42/Aβ43 amyloids, suggesting the possible existence of environmental "Alzheimerogens" which may contribute to the initiation and propagation of the amyloidogenic process in late-onset AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Portelius
- Clinical Neurochemical Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Emilie Durieu
- ManRos Therapeutics, Centre de Perharidy, Roscoff, France
| | - Marion Bodin
- ManRos Therapeutics, Centre de Perharidy, Roscoff, France
| | - Morgane Cam
- ManRos Therapeutics, Centre de Perharidy, Roscoff, France
| | - Josef Pannee
- Clinical Neurochemical Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Leuxe
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, IBITECS, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Aloϊse Mabondzo
- Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, IBITECS, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Nassima Oumata
- ManRos Therapeutics, Centre de Perharidy, Roscoff, France
| | - Hervé Galons
- ManRos Therapeutics, Centre de Perharidy, Roscoff, France.,Laboratoire de Pharmacochimie, INSERM U1022, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jung Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development, Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development, Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Kathrin Stϋber
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp Koch
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gaëlle Fontaine
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR S1127, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Claude Potier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 UMR S1127, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Antigoni Manousopoulou
- Center for Proteomic Research, Institute for Life Sciences, Cancer and Clinical Experimental Science Units, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Spiros D Garbis
- Center for Proteomic Research, Institute for Life Sciences, Cancer and Clinical Experimental Science Units, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Debby Van Dam
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry & Behaviour, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born-Bunge, Wilrijk, Belgium.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Neurology & Alzheimer Research Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter De Deyn
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry & Behaviour, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute Born-Bunge, Wilrijk, Belgium.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Neurology & Alzheimer Research Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Karg
- HPC INTERNATIONAL SAS, Noyal-Châtillon sur Seiche, Saint-Erblon, France
| | - Marc Flajolet
- Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chiori Omori
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Saori Hata
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Suzuki
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemical Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemical Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.,UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Laurent Meijer
- ManRos Therapeutics, Centre de Perharidy, Roscoff, France
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31
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Wallin C, Sholts SB, Österlund N, Luo J, Jarvet J, Roos PM, Ilag L, Gräslund A, Wärmländer SKTS. Alzheimer's disease and cigarette smoke components: effects of nicotine, PAHs, and Cd(II), Cr(III), Pb(II), Pb(IV) ions on amyloid-β peptide aggregation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14423. [PMID: 29089568 PMCID: PMC5663743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13759-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a significant risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is associated with extracellular brain deposits of amyloid plaques containing aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. Aβ aggregation occurs via multiple pathways that can be influenced by various compounds. Here, we used AFM imaging and NMR, fluorescence, and mass spectrometry to monitor in vitro how Aβ aggregation is affected by the cigarette-related compounds nicotine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with one to five aromatic rings, and the metal ions Cd(II), Cr(III), Pb(II), and Pb(IV). All PAHs and metal ions modulated the Aβ aggregation process. Cd(II), Cr(III), and Pb(II) ions displayed general electrostatic interactions with Aβ, whereas Pb(IV) ions showed specific transient binding coordination to the N-terminal Aβ segment. Thus, Pb(IV) ions are especially prone to interact with Aβ and affect its aggregation. While Pb(IV) ions affected mainly Aβ dimer and trimer formation, hydrophobic toluene mainly affected formation of larger aggregates such as tetramers. The uncharged and hydrophilic nicotine molecule showed no direct interactions with Aβ, nor did it affect Aβ aggregation. Our Aβ interaction results suggest a molecular rationale for the higher AD prevalence among smokers, and indicate that certain forms of lead in particular may constitute an environmental risk factor for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Wallin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sabrina B Sholts
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nicklas Österlund
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jinghui Luo
- Chemical Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford Ox, 1 3TA, UK
| | - Jüri Jarvet
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- The National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Per M Roos
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Capio St.Göran Hospital, St.Göransplan 1, 112 19, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leopold Ilag
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Astrid Gräslund
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian K T S Wärmländer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
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32
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Rainey NE, Saric A, Leberre A, Dewailly E, Slomianny C, Vial G, Zeliger HI, Petit PX. Synergistic cellular effects including mitochondrial destabilization, autophagy and apoptosis following low-level exposure to a mixture of lipophilic persistent organic pollutants. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4728. [PMID: 28680151 PMCID: PMC5498599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04654-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are exposed to multiple exogenous environmental pollutants. Many of these compounds are parts of mixtures that can exacerbate harmful effects of the individual mixture components. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), is primarily produced via industrial processes including incineration and the manufacture of herbicides. Both endosulfan and TCDD are persistent organic pollutants which elicit cytotoxic effects by inducing reactive oxygen species generation. Sublethal concentrations of mixtures of TCDD and endosulfan increase oxidative stress, as well as mitochondrial homeostasis disruption, which is preceded by a calcium rise and, in fine, induce cell death. TCDD+Endosulfan elicit a complex signaling sequence involving reticulum endoplasmic destalilization which leads to Ca2+ rise, superoxide anion production, ATP drop and late NADP(H) depletion associated with a mitochondrial induced apoptosis concomitant early autophagic processes. The ROS scavenger, N-acetyl-cysteine, blocks both the mixture-induced autophagy and death. Calcium chelators act similarly and mitochondrially targeted anti-oxidants also abrogate these effects. Inhibition of the autophagic fluxes with 3-methyladenine, increases mixture-induced cell death. These findings show that subchronic doses of pollutants may act synergistically. They also reveal that the onset of autophagy might serve as a protective mechanism against ROS-triggered cytotoxic effects of a cocktail of pollutants in Caco-2 cells and increase their tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan E Rainey
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, INSERM S-1124, Université Paris-Descartes, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, 45 Rue des Saints-Pères, F-75270, Paris, Cedex 06, France
- Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science (LVTS), INSERM U1148, X. Bichat Hospital, Université Paris 13, UFR SMBH Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Ana Saric
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, INSERM S-1124, Université Paris-Descartes, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, 45 Rue des Saints-Pères, F-75270, Paris, Cedex 06, France
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudger Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alexandre Leberre
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, INSERM S-1124, Université Paris-Descartes, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, 45 Rue des Saints-Pères, F-75270, Paris, Cedex 06, France
| | - Etienne Dewailly
- Laboratoire de Physiologie cellulaire, INSERM U800, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Lille 1, F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, Cedex, France
| | - Christian Slomianny
- Laboratoire de Physiologie cellulaire, INSERM U800, Université des Sciences et Techniques de Lille 1, F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Vial
- Unité 1060 INSERM CarMen/Univ.Lyon1/INRA 1235, INSA, Bât. IMBL, La Doua 11 Avenue Jean Capelle, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Harold I Zeliger
- Zeliger Chemical, Toxicological and Environmental Research, 41 Wildwood Drive, Cape Elizabeth, Maine, 04107, USA
| | - Patrice X Petit
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, INSERM S-1124, Université Paris-Descartes, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, 45 Rue des Saints-Pères, F-75270, Paris, Cedex 06, France.
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Mahaboob Basha P, Radha MJ. Gestational di-n-butyl phthalate exposure induced developmental and teratogenic anomalies in rats: a multigenerational assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:4537-4551. [PMID: 27943041 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8196-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
With the limited but ongoing usage of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) as plasticizer, the health effects of both phthalate and its alternatives are far from being understood. Multigenerational effects of phthalates were evaluated in rats upon exposure to DBP, aiming to provide some evidences about its potential in causing developmental teratogenicity. Gestational rats were exposed to DBP (500 mg/kg bw/day) and control groups with olive oil. On the 18th day of gestation, fetuses (F1) isolated from a few dams were subjected to prenatal screening, and the other rats were allowed to litter, and later postnatal screening was made. DBP-toxicated (F1) rats were crossed and reared up to three generations (F2 and F3) by adopting the same experimental design. A considerable decrease in the weight of placenta, low number of corpora lutea and increased resorptions, and pre- and postimplantation loss were observed in F1, F2, and F3 generations. Further, there was a decrease in the number of live births and fetal body weight with high mortality, the developmental indices showed reduction in litter size and sex ratio, and a considerable incidence of skeletal and malformation complex involving face and eye was observed in later generations compared to the first. The pre-weaning indices in neonates showed a considerable delay in physical growth milestones and poor scores in sensory motor development. Alterations noticed in the levels of thyroid profile and testosterone found to have a role in sensory motor, craniofacial development, and eye formation. In brief, results confirm multigenerational and fetotoxic effects of DBP; thereby, findings imply that developing tissues are the targets and endocrine disruption appears to be the underlying mechanism of phthalate action.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mahaboob Basha
- Department of Zoology, Bangalore University, Bangalore, 560 056, India.
| | - M J Radha
- Department of Zoology, Bangalore University, Bangalore, 560 056, India
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Preciados M, Yoo C, Roy D. Estrogenic Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals Influencing NRF1 Regulated Gene Networks in the Development of Complex Human Brain Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E2086. [PMID: 27983596 PMCID: PMC5187886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the development of an individual from a single cell to prenatal stages to adolescence to adulthood and through the complete life span, humans are exposed to countless environmental and stochastic factors, including estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals. Brain cells and neural circuits are likely to be influenced by estrogenic endocrine disruptors (EEDs) because they strongly dependent on estrogens. In this review, we discuss both environmental, epidemiological, and experimental evidence on brain health with exposure to oral contraceptives, hormonal therapy, and EEDs such as bisphenol-A (BPA), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), phthalates, and metalloestrogens, such as, arsenic, cadmium, and manganese. Also we discuss the brain health effects associated from exposure to EEDs including the promotion of neurodegeneration, protection against neurodegeneration, and involvement in various neurological deficits; changes in rearing behavior, locomotion, anxiety, learning difficulties, memory issues, and neuronal abnormalities. The effects of EEDs on the brain are varied during the entire life span and far-reaching with many different mechanisms. To understand endocrine disrupting chemicals mechanisms, we use bioinformatics, molecular, and epidemiologic approaches. Through those approaches, we learn how the effects of EEDs on the brain go beyond known mechanism to disrupt the circulatory and neural estrogen function and estrogen-mediated signaling. Effects on EEDs-modified estrogen and nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) signaling genes with exposure to natural estrogen, pharmacological estrogen-ethinyl estradiol, PCBs, phthalates, BPA, and metalloestrogens are presented here. Bioinformatics analysis of gene-EEDs interactions and brain disease associations identified hundreds of genes that were altered by exposure to estrogen, phthalate, PCBs, BPA or metalloestrogens. Many genes modified by EEDs are common targets of both 17 β-estradiol (E2) and NRF1. Some of these genes are involved with brain diseases, such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Brain Neoplasms. For example, the search of enriched pathways showed that top ten E2 interacting genes in AD-APOE, APP, ATP5A1, CALM1, CASP3, GSK3B, IL1B, MAPT, PSEN2 and TNF-underlie the enrichment of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) AD pathway. With AD, the six E2-responsive genes are NRF1 target genes: APBB2, DPYSL2, EIF2S1, ENO1, MAPT, and PAXIP1. These genes are also responsive to the following EEDs: ethinyl estradiol (APBB2, DPYSL2, EIF2S1, ENO1, MAPT, and PAXIP1), BPA (APBB2, EIF2S1, ENO1, MAPT, and PAXIP1), dibutyl phthalate (DPYSL2, EIF2S1, and ENO1), diethylhexyl phthalate (DPYSL2 and MAPT). To validate findings from Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) curated data, we used Bayesian network (BN) analysis on microarray data of AD patients. We observed that both gender and NRF1 were associated with AD. The female NRF1 gene network is completely different from male human AD patients. AD-associated NRF1 target genes-APLP1, APP, GRIN1, GRIN2B, MAPT, PSEN2, PEN2, and IDE-are also regulated by E2. NRF1 regulates targets genes with diverse functions, including cell growth, apoptosis/autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, genomic instability, neurogenesis, neuroplasticity, synaptogenesis, and senescence. By activating or repressing the genes involved in cell proliferation, growth suppression, DNA damage/repair, apoptosis/autophagy, angiogenesis, estrogen signaling, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and senescence, and inducing a wide range of DNA damage, genomic instability and DNA methylation and transcriptional repression, NRF1 may act as a major regulator of EEDs-induced brain health deficits. In summary, estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals-modified genes in brain health deficits are part of both estrogen and NRF1 signaling pathways. Our findings suggest that in addition to estrogen signaling, EEDs influencing NRF1 regulated communities of genes across genomic and epigenomic multiple networks may contribute in the development of complex chronic human brain health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Preciados
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Changwon Yoo
- Department of Biostatistics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Deodutta Roy
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
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Bonon AJ, Weck M, Bonfante EA, Coelho PG. Physicochemical characterization of three fiber-reinforced epoxide-based composites for dental applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 69:905-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Xu J, Huang G, Guo TL. Developmental Bisphenol A Exposure Modulates Immune-Related Diseases. TOXICS 2016; 4:toxics4040023. [PMID: 29051427 PMCID: PMC5606650 DOI: 10.3390/toxics4040023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), used in polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, has a widespread exposure to humans. BPA is of concern for developmental exposure resulting in immunomodulation and disease development due to its ability to cross the placental barrier and presence in breast milk. BPA can use various mechanisms to modulate the immune system and affect diseases, including agonistic and antagonistic effects on many receptors (e.g., estrogen receptors), epigenetic modifications, acting on cell signaling pathways and, likely, the gut microbiome. Immune cell populations and function from the innate and adaptive immune system are altered by developmental BPA exposure, including decreased T regulatory (Treg) cells and upregulated pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Developmental BPA exposure can also contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, allergy, asthma and mammary cancer disease by altering immune function. Multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes mellitus may also be exacerbated by BPA, although more research is needed. Additionally, BPA analogs, such as bisphenol S (BPS), have been increasing in use, and currently, little is known about their immune effects. Therefore, more studies should be conducted to determine if developmental exposure BPA and its analogs modulate immune responses and lead to immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joella Xu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7382, USA.
| | - Guannan Huang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7382, USA.
| | - Tai L Guo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7382, USA.
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Zeliger HI. Predicting disease onset in clinically healthy people. Interdiscip Toxicol 2016; 9:39-54. [PMID: 28652846 PMCID: PMC5458104 DOI: 10.1515/intox-2016-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtually all human disease is induced by oxidative stress. Oxidative stress, which is caused by toxic environmental exposure, the presence of disease, lifestyle choices, stress, chronic inflammation or combinations of these, is responsible for most disease. Oxidative stress from all sources is additive and it is the total oxidative stress from all sources that induces the onset of most disease. Oxidative stress leads to lipid peroxidation, which in turn produces Malondialdehyde. Serum malondialdehyde level is an additive parameter resulting from all sources of oxidative stress and, therefore, is a reliable indicator of total oxidative stress which can be used to predict the onset of disease in clinically asymptomatic individuals and to suggest the need for treatment that can prevent much human disease.
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Potential of MALDI imaging for the toxicological evaluation of environmental pollutants. J Proteomics 2016; 144:133-9. [PMID: 27178109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Risk assessment related to the exposure of humans to chemicals released into the environment is a major concern of our modern societies. In this context, toxicology plays a crucial role to characterize the effects of this exposure on health and identify the targets of these molecules. MALDI imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is an enabling technology for biodistribution studies of chemicals. Although the majority of published studies are presented in a pharmacological context, the concepts discussed in this review can be applied to the toxicological evaluation of chemicals released into the environment. The major asset of IMS is the simultaneous localization and identification of a parent molecule and its metabolites without labeling and without any prior knowledge. Quantification methods developed in IMS are presented with application to an environmental pollutant. IMS is effective in the localization of chemicals and endogenous species. This opens unique perspectives for the discovery of molecular alterations in metabolites and protein biomarkers that could help for a better understanding of toxicity mechanisms. Distribution studies of agrochemicals in plants by IMS can contribute to a better understanding of their mode of action and to a more effective use of these chemicals, avoiding the current concern of environmental damage.
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Bondy SC. Anthropogenic pollutants may increase the incidence of neurodegenerative disease in an aging population. Toxicology 2016; 341-343:41-6. [PMID: 26812399 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The current world population contains an ever-increasing increased proportion of the elderly. This is due to global improvements in medical care and access to such care. Thus, a growing incidence of age-related neurodegenerative disorders is to be expected. Increased longevity also allows more time for interaction with adverse environmental factors that have the potential exert a gradual pressure, facilitating the onset of organismic aging. Nearly all neurodegenerative disorders have a relatively minor genetic element and a larger idiopathic component. It is likely that some of the unknown factors promoting neurological disease involve the appearance of some deleterious aspects of senescence, elicited prematurely by low but pervasive levels of toxic materials present in the environment. This review considers the nature of such possible toxicants and how they may hasten neurosenescence. An enhanced rate of emergence of normal age-related changes in the brain can lead to increased incidence of those specific neurological disorders where aging is an essential requirement. In addition, some xenobiotic agents appear to have the capability of engendering specific neurodegenerative disorders and some of these are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Bondy
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1830, USA.
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Huang L, Liao M, Yang X, Gong H, Ma L, Zhao Y, Huang K. Bisphenol analogues differently affect human islet polypeptide amyloid formation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21792j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenols (BPs) are widely used in the production of plastic material, misfolded human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) is a causal factor in diabetes. We demonstrated BPs analogues show different effects on hIAPP amyloid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizi Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Mingyan Liao
- Tongji School of Pharmacy
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Xin Yang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Hao Gong
- Tongji School of Pharmacy
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Liang Ma
- Tongji School of Pharmacy
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Yudan Zhao
- Tongji School of Pharmacy
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
- Center for Biomedicine Research
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41
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Zeliger HI, Lipinski B. Physiochemical basis of human degenerative disease. Interdiscip Toxicol 2015; 8:15-21. [PMID: 27486355 PMCID: PMC4961921 DOI: 10.1515/intox-2015-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The onset of human degenerative diseases in humans, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, neurodevelopmental disease and neurodegenerative disease has been shown to be related to exposures to persistent organic pollutants, including polychlorinated biphenyls, chlorinated pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and others, as well as to polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalates, bisphenol-A and other aromatic lipophilic species. The onset of these diseases has also been related to exposures to transition metal ions. A physiochemical mechanism for the onset of degenerative environmental disease dependent upon exposure to a combination of lipophilic aromatic hydrocarbons and transition metal ions is proposed here. The findings reported here also, for the first time, explain why aromatic hydrocarbons exhibit greater toxicity than aliphatic hydrocarbons of equal carbon numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boguslaw Lipinski
- Harvard Medical School, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Co-morditities of environmental diseases: A common cause. Interdiscip Toxicol 2014; 7:117-22. [PMID: 26109888 PMCID: PMC4434104 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2014-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The global pandemic of non-vector borne environmental diseases may, in large part, be attributed to chronic exposures to ever increasing levels of exogenous lipophilic chemicals. These chemicals include persistent organic pollutants, semi-volatile compounds and low molecular weight hydrocarbons. Such chemicals facilitate the sequential absorption of otherwise not absorbed more toxic hydrophilic species that attack numerous body organs and systems, leading to environmental disease. Co-morbidities of non-communicable environmental diseases are alarmingly high, with as many as half of all individuals chronically ill with two or more diseases. Co-morbidity is to be anticipated, since all of the causative chemicals identified have independently been shown to trigger the individual diseases.
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