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Bonet ML, Ribot J, Sánchez J, Palou A, Picó C. Early Life Programming of Adipose Tissue Remodeling and Browning Capacity by Micronutrients and Bioactive Compounds as a Potential Anti-Obesity Strategy. Cells 2024; 13:870. [PMID: 38786092 PMCID: PMC11120104 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The early stages of life, especially the period from conception to two years, are crucial for shaping metabolic health and the risk of obesity in adulthood. Adipose tissue (AT) plays a crucial role in regulating energy homeostasis and metabolism, and brown AT (BAT) and the browning of white AT (WAT) are promising targets for combating weight gain. Nutritional factors during prenatal and early postnatal stages can influence the development of AT, affecting the likelihood of obesity later on. This narrative review focuses on the nutritional programming of AT features. Research conducted across various animal models with diverse interventions has provided insights into the effects of specific compounds on AT development and function, influencing the development of crucial structures and neuroendocrine circuits responsible for energy balance. The hormone leptin has been identified as an essential nutrient during lactation for healthy metabolic programming against obesity development in adults. Studies have also highlighted that maternal supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), vitamin A, nicotinamide riboside, and polyphenols during pregnancy and lactation, as well as offspring supplementation with myo-inositol, vitamin A, nicotinamide riboside, and resveratrol during the suckling period, can impact AT features and long-term health outcomes and help understand predisposition to obesity later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Luisa Bonet
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain; (M.L.B.); (J.S.); (A.P.); (C.P.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07010 Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Artificial Intelligence Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IAIB), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Joan Ribot
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain; (M.L.B.); (J.S.); (A.P.); (C.P.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07010 Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Sánchez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain; (M.L.B.); (J.S.); (A.P.); (C.P.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07010 Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain; (M.L.B.); (J.S.); (A.P.); (C.P.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07010 Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Artificial Intelligence Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IAIB), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Catalina Picó
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers and Risk Evaluation), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain; (M.L.B.); (J.S.); (A.P.); (C.P.)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07010 Palma, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Artificial Intelligence Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IAIB), University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain
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Li Y, Wei CH, Hodges JK, Green MH, Ross AC. Priming with Retinoic Acid, an Active Metabolite of Vitamin A, Increases Vitamin A Uptake in the Small Intestine of Neonatal Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124275. [PMID: 34959827 PMCID: PMC8703606 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that combined vitamin A (VA) and retinoic acid (RA) supplementation stimulated the intestinal uptake of plasma retinyl esters in neonatal rats, we administrated an RA dose as a pretreatment before VA supplementation to investigate the distinct effect of RA on intestinal VA kinetics. On postnatal days (P) 2 and 3, half of the pups received an oral dose of RA (RA group), while the remaining received canola oil as the control (CN). On P4, after receiving an oral dose of 3H-labeled VA, pups were euthanized at selected times (n = 4–6/treatment/time) and intestine was collected. In both CN and RA groups, intestinal VA mass increased dramatically after VA supplementation; however, RA-pretreated pups had relatively higher VA levels from 10 h and accumulated 30% more VA over the 30-h study. Labeled VA rapidly peaked in the intestine of CN pups and then declined from 13 h, while a continuous increase was observed in the RA group, with a second peak at 10 h and nearly twice the accumulation of 3H-labeled VA compared to CN. Our findings indicate that RA pretreatment may stimulate the influx of supplemental VA into the intestine, and the increased VA accumulation suggests a potential VA storage capacity in neonatal intestine.
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Yang FC, Xu F, Wang TN, Chen GX. Roles of vitamin A in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:4506-4519. [PMID: 34222419 PMCID: PMC8223857 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i18.4506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary macronutrients and micronutrients play important roles in human health. On the other hand, the excessive energy derived from food is stored in the form of triacylglycerol. A variety of dietary and hormonal factors affect this process through the regulation of the activities and expression levels of those key player enzymes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, fatty acid elongases, and desaturases. As a micronutrient, vitamin A is essential for the health of humans. Recently, vitamin A has been shown to play a role in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. This review summarizes recent research progresses about the roles of vitamin A in fatty acid synthesis. It focuses on the effects of vitamin A on the activities and expression levels of mRNA and proteins of key enzymes for fatty acid synthesis in vitro and in vivo. It appears that vitamin A status and its signaling pathway regulate the expression levels of enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis. Future research directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chen Yang
- Food College, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical College, Huaian 223003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Tian-Nan Wang
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37909, United States
| | - Guo-Xun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37909, United States
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Pope BD, Warren CR, Dahl MO, Pizza CV, Henze DE, Sinatra NR, Gonzalez GM, Chang H, Liu Q, Glieberman AL, Ferrier JP, Cowan CA, Parker KK. Fattening chips: hypertrophy, feeding, and fasting of human white adipocytes in vitro. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:4152-4165. [PMID: 33034335 PMCID: PMC7818847 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00508h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Adipose is a distributed organ that performs vital endocrine and energy homeostatic functions. Hypertrophy of white adipocytes is a primary mode of both adaptive and maladaptive weight gain in animals and predicts metabolic syndrome independent of obesity. Due to the failure of conventional culture to recapitulate adipocyte hypertrophy, technology for production of adult-size adipocytes would enable applications such as in vitro testing of weight loss therapeutics. To model adaptive adipocyte hypertrophy in vitro, we designed and built fat-on-a-chip using fiber networks inspired by extracellular matrix in adipose tissue. Fiber networks extended the lifespan of differentiated adipocytes, enabling growth to adult sizes. By micropatterning preadipocytes in a native cytoarchitecture and by adjusting cell-to-cell spacing, rates of hypertrophy were controlled independent of culture time or differentiation efficiency. In vitro hypertrophy followed a nonlinear, nonexponential growth model similar to human development and elicited transcriptomic changes that increased overall similarity with primary tissue. Cells on the chip responded to simulated meals and starvation, which potentiated some adipocyte endocrine and metabolic functions. To test the utility of the platform for therapeutic development, transcriptional network analysis was performed, and retinoic acid receptors were identified as candidate drug targets. Regulation by retinoid signaling was suggested further by pharmacological modulation, where activation accelerated and inhibition slowed hypertrophy. Altogether, this work presents technology for mature adipocyte engineering, addresses the regulation of cell growth, and informs broader applications for synthetic adipose in pharmaceutical development, regenerative medicine, and cellular agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Pope
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Pierce Hall, Room 318, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Curtis R Warren
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Madeleine O Dahl
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Pierce Hall, Room 318, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Christina V Pizza
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Pierce Hall, Room 318, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Douglas E Henze
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Pierce Hall, Room 318, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Nina R Sinatra
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Pierce Hall, Room 318, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Grant M Gonzalez
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Pierce Hall, Room 318, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Huibin Chang
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Pierce Hall, Room 318, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Qihan Liu
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Pierce Hall, Room 318, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Aaron L Glieberman
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Pierce Hall, Room 318, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - John P Ferrier
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Pierce Hall, Room 318, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Chad A Cowan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Kevin Kit Parker
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Pierce Hall, Room 318, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Peng DQ, Jo YH, Kim SJ, Kim NY, Nejad JG, Lee HG. Oral vitamin A supplementation during neonatal stage enhances growth, pre-adipocyte and muscle development in Korean native calves. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Saroha V, Dellschaft NS, Keisler DH, Gardner DS, Budge H, Sebert SP, Symonds ME. Tissue cell stress response to obesity and its interaction with late gestation diet. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 30:430-441. [PMID: 28768569 DOI: 10.1071/rd16494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction in late pregnancy can contribute to adverse long-term metabolic health in the offspring. In the present study we used an animal (sheep) model of maternal dietary manipulation in late pregnancy, combined with exposure of the offspring to a low-activity, obesogenic environment after weaning, to characterise the effects on glucose homeostasis. Dizygotic twin-pregnant sheep were either fed to 60% of requirements (nutrient restriction (R)) or fed ad libitum (~140% of requirements (A)) from 110 days gestation until term (~147 days). After weaning (~3 months of age), the offspring were kept in either a standard (in order to remain lean) or low-activity, obesogenic environment. R mothers gained less weight and produced smaller offspring. As adults, obese offspring were heavier and fatter with reduced glucose tolerance, regardless of maternal diet. Molecular markers of stress and autophagy in liver and adipose tissue were increased with obesity, with gene expression of hepatic glucose-related protein 78 (Grp78) and omental activation transcription factor 6 (Atf6), Grp78 and ER stress degradation enhancer molecule 1 (Edem1) only being increased in R offspring. In conclusion, the adverse effect of juvenile-onset obesity on insulin-responsive tissues can be amplified by previous exposure to a suboptimal nutritional environment in utero, thereby contributing to earlier onset of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Saroha
- Early Life Research Unit, Academic Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Neele S Dellschaft
- Early Life Research Unit, Academic Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Duane H Keisler
- Department of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - David S Gardner
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Helen Budge
- Early Life Research Unit, Academic Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Sylvain P Sebert
- Early Life Research Unit, Academic Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Michael E Symonds
- Early Life Research Unit, Academic Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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Jeyakumar SM, Sheril A, Vajreswari A. Chronic vitamin A-enriched diet feeding induces body weight gain and adiposity in lean and glucose-intolerant obese rats of WNIN/GR-Ob strain. Exp Physiol 2015; 100:1352-61. [PMID: 25900735 DOI: 10.1113/ep085027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Previously, we reported that chronic feeding of a vitamin A-enriched diet to euglycaemic obese rats (WNIN/Ob) ameliorated obesity. Does this diet exert similar effects even with a different genetic background, i.e. obese rats of the WNIN/GR-Ob strain with impaired glucose tolerance? What is the main finding and its importance? Vitamin A-enriched diet aggravated weight gain and adiposity/obesity in both lean and glucose-intolerant obese rats of the WNIN/GR-Ob strain. Therefore, the role of genetic factors and their regulation by nutrients in determining health and disease conditions assumes greater significance in experimental and clinical research. Vitamin A and its metabolites are key regulators of the development of adipose tissue and its associated metabolic complications. Here, we tested, in a glucose-intolerant obese rat model (the WNIN/GR-Ob stain), whether feeding a vitamin A-enriched diet alters adiposity and its associated changes. For this purpose, 30-week-old male lean and obese rats were divided into two groups and received either stock diet or vitamin A-enriched diet [2.6 or 129 mg vitamin A (kg diet)(-1) , respectively] for 14 weeks. At the end, feeding of the vitamin A-enriched diet resulted in increased body weight gain/obesity and retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (RPWAT) in both lean and obese rats of the WNIN/GR-Ob strain, when compared with their respective control animals receiving stock diet, without affecting food intake. An improvement in hypertriglyceridaemia and circulatory non-esterified fatty acid levels and unaltered hepatic fatty acid oxidative and triglyceride secretory pathway proteins with vitamin A-enriched diet feeding are suggestive of enhanced hepatic clearance of circulatory lipids, resulting in increased hepatic triglyceride accumulation. Transcriptional analysis of RPWAT showed that feeding the vitamin A-enriched diet augmented the expression of adipogenic/adipose tissue-specific genes; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, stearoyl CoA desaturase 1, retinol saturase, leptin and lipoprotein lipase and vitamin A metabolic pathway genes; retinoic acid receptors, retinoid X receptors and cytochrome P450 26B1. Besides, RPWAT-lipoprotein lipase-mediated clearance of triglyceride could also have contributed to increased adiposity and improved hypertriglyceridaemia. In conclusion, chronic feeding of vitamin A-enriched diet induces weight gain and adiposity in both lean and obese rats of the WNIN/GR-Ob strain, possibly through transcriptional regulation of key adipogenic pathway genes of RPWAT, but improves dyslipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugam M Jeyakumar
- Lipid Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Alex Sheril
- Lipid Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Jamai-Osmania, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
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Urrutia O, Mendizabal J, Insausti K, Soret B, Purroy A, Arana A. Effect of linseed dietary supplementation on adipose tissue development, fatty acid composition, and lipogenic gene expression in lambs. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Hollm-Delgado MG, Piel FB, Weiss DJ, Howes RE, Stuart EA, Hay SI, Black RE. Vitamin A supplements, routine immunization, and the subsequent risk of Plasmodium infection among children under 5 years in sub-Saharan Africa. eLife 2015; 4:e03925. [PMID: 25647726 PMCID: PMC4383226 DOI: 10.7554/elife.03925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies, partly based on murine models, suggest childhood immunization and
vitamin A supplements may confer protection against malaria infection, although
strong evidence to support these theories in humans has so far been lacking. We
analyzed national survey data from children aged 6–59 months in four
sub-Saharan African countries over an 18-month time period, to determine the risk of
Plasmodium spp. parasitemia (n=8390) and Plasmodium
falciparum HRP-2 (PfHRP-2)-related antigenemia
(n=6121) following vitamin A supplementation and standard vaccination. Bacille
Calmette Guerin-vaccinated children were more likely to be PfHRP-2
positive (relative risk [RR]=4.06, 95% confidence interval
[CI]=2.00–8.28). No association was identified with parasitemia. Measles
and polio vaccination were not associated with malaria. Children receiving vitamin A
were less likely to present with parasitemia (RR=0.46, 95%
CI=0.39–0.54) and antigenemia (RR=0.23, 95%
CI=0.17–0.29). Future studies focusing on climate seasonality, placental
malaria and HIV are needed to characterize better the association between vitamin A
and malaria infection in different settings. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03925.001 More than half of the world's population is at risk of malaria, with an estimated 198
million clinical cases each year. A vaccine that fully prevents it has not yet been
discovered. Most cases of malaria occur among children living in sub-Saharan Africa,
a region where many receive routine vaccinations designed to prevent other diseases;
for example, 75% of children in sub-Saharan Africa receive measles vaccines. Many
also receive vitamin A supplements, which have been linked not only to the protection
of a child's vision, but also to a lower risk of death and an improved ability to
fight off infections. Some researchers have suggested that vitamin A supplements and routine childhood
vaccinations for other diseases may also provide some protection against malaria. For
example, some studies performed in mice have shown that a commonly used tuberculosis
vaccine may eliminate Plasmodium parasites that cause malaria
infections. However, this effect depended on several factors, including how the
vaccine was administered and whether the vaccination was given before or after the
mouse developed malaria. It is less clear whether vaccines or vitamin A have antimalarial effects in humans.
To address this, Hollm-Delgado et al. analyzed national survey data collected from
thousands of children aged between 6 months and 5 years old who lived in four
different countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The surveys contained information about
the vaccines and supplements the children received, and whether their blood showed
signs of infection with malaria-causing Plasmodium parasites. Hollm-Delgado et al. found that routine vaccinations did not affect the likelihood of
malaria parasites being detected in the child's blood. However, children vaccinated
against tuberculosis were more likely to have a specific type of protein released
when malaria infects the blood. Hollm-Delgado et al. suspect that the tests may
actually have inadvertently detected other parasitic infections in the children, such
as Schistosoma, producing false-positive results for malaria. In contrast, Hollm-Delgado et al. found that children who received vitamin A
supplements were less likely to become infected with malaria. The benefits of the
supplements appeared to be affected by several conditions, including the time of year
when the children received their supplements or when they were tested for malaria,
and whether their mother had malaria when pregnant. Clinical trials are now needed to
confirm these results and investigate how effectively vitamin A prevents malaria. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03925.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Graciela Hollm-Delgado
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Frédéric B Piel
- Evolutionary Ecology of Infectious Disease Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rosalind E Howes
- Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A Stuart
- Departments of Mental Health and Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Simon I Hay
- Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Robert E Black
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
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Tous N, Lizardo R, Theil P, Vilà B, Gispert M, Font-i-Furnols M, Esteve-Garcia E. Effect of vitamin A depletion on fat deposition in finishing pigs, intramuscular fat content and gene expression in the longissimus muscle. Livest Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the influence of supplementation with a moderate dose of vitamin A in early life on adipose tissue development and the response to an obesogenic diet later in life. METHODS During the suckling period, rat pups received a daily oral dose of retinyl palmitate corresponding to three times the vitamin A ingested daily from maternal milk. Control rats received the vehicle (olive oil). Short-term effects of treatment on gene expression and morphology of white adipose tissue (WAT) were analyzed in animals on the day after weaning (day 21). To study long-term effects, control and vitamin A-treated rats were fed, after weaning, a normal fat or a high-fat (HF) diet for 16 weeks. RESULTS WAT of vitamin A-treated young rats (day 21) was enriched in small adipocytes with a reduced expression of adipogenic markers (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and lipoprotein lipase) and an increased cell proliferation potential as indicated by increased expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Increased retinoic acid (RA)-induced transcriptional responses were present in the tissues of vitamin A-treated young rats (day 21) including WAT. Vitamin A-treated rats developed higher adiposity than control rats on a HF diet as indicated by body composition analysis and increased WAT depot mass, adipocyte diameter, WAT DNA content, leptinemia and adipose leptin gene expression. Excess adiposity gain in vitamin A-treated rats developed in the absence of changes in body weight and was attributable to excess adipocyte hyperplasia. No differences in adiposity were observed between vitamin A-treated rats and control rats on a normal fat diet. Total retinol levels in WAT of vitamin A-treated rats were elevated at weaning (day 21) and normalized by day 135 of age. CONCLUSION Vitamin A intake in the early stages of postnatal life favors subsequent HF diet-induced adiposity gain through mechanisms that may relate to changes in adipose tissue development, likely mediated by RA.
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