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Kesler KW, Abuelo A. Zinc about it - zinc and calf immunity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1387950. [PMID: 38799472 PMCID: PMC11116585 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1387950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Micronutrients, such as vitamins and trace minerals, are critical for supporting growth, performance, health and maintaining redox balance. Zinc (Zn), an essential micronutrient, aids the functioning of innate and adaptive immune cells. This scoping review aims to assemble and evaluate the evidence available for the role of Zn within calf immunity. Relevant literature was identified within Web of Science, PubMed, and CABI using search terms specific to the major innate and adaptive immune cell populations. There was no evidence that Zn supplementation altered neutrophil, natural killer cell, or T-cell functions. However, there was limited evidence to support Zn supplementation with reduced monocyte numbers, but there was no evidence to associate the monocytopenia with improvements in monocyte function. There is moderate evidence to suggest that Zn supplementation was beneficial for maintaining epithelial barriers of integumental and mucosal surfaces. The evidence supports supplementation above the current industry recommendations for improving immunoglobulin (Ig) production, with the strongest results being observed for IgG and IgM. Moreover, Zn supplementation was associated with reduced proinflammatory cytokine production, which may reduce inflammation-associated hypophagia and warrants further investigation. Furthermore, Zn reduced the duration of clinical signs in animals facing respiratory disease and diarrhea. However, consensus is needed about the optimal dose, route, and Zn formulation most appropriate for supporting immunity. In conclusion, while the literature supports that Zn could enhance calf immunity, there is insufficient evidence to adequately determine the extent to which Zn impacts innate immune cell and T-cell functions. Determination of the immune cell functions susceptible to modification by Zn supplementation is an important knowledge gap for enhancing the understanding of Zn and calf immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angel Abuelo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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2
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Singh A, Kumar A, Thakur MS, Khare V, Jain A, Tiwari SP. Genetic analysis of milk minerals in dairy cattle: a review. J Appl Genet 2024; 65:375-381. [PMID: 38286942 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-024-00832-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Mineral composition in milk can affect its nutritional as well as physio-chemical properties of milk and is considered an important trait in the evaluation of milk quality. The composition and concentration of milk minerals could be altered with natural source of variation including nutrition and genetics. The effect of diet on milk minerals is well studied. However, genetic effects on the milk minerals have recently gained the attention. This review provides an overview of the genetic variation of milk minerals, and the genomic regions associated with mineral concentration in the milk are also discussed. The difference of milk minerals between breeds and the genetic parameters including heritability estimates and correlation among minerals indicates that milk minerals are under strong genetic control. Recently, the genome-wide association study (GWAS) has explored several regions associated with milk minerals and thus provides a new genetic source for improving the milk quality through genomics-assisted breeding. Hence, a combination of the qualitative and molecular approaches can be exploited to improving the nutritional quality of cattle milk in terms of its mineral composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akansha Singh
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, NDVSU, Jabalpur, 482001, M.P, India.
| | - Amit Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, U.P., India
| | - Mohan Singh Thakur
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, NDVSU, Jabalpur, 482001, M.P, India
| | - Vaishali Khare
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, NDVSU, Jabalpur, 482001, M.P, India
| | - Asit Jain
- College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, NDVSU, Jabalpur, 482001, M.P, India
| | - Sita Prasad Tiwari
- Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, 482004, M.P., India
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3
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Oconitrillo M, Wickramasinghe J, Omale S, Beitz D, Appuhamy R. Effects of Elevating Zinc Supplementation on the Health and Production Parameters of High-Producing Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:395. [PMID: 38338038 PMCID: PMC10854765 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study's objective was to determine the effects of increasing the dietary added zinc (Zn) on the milk production, milk somatic cell count (SCC), and immunoglobulin and antioxidant marker concentrations in the blood of dairy cows. Twelve Holstein cows (67 ± 2.5 days in milk) were assigned randomly to (1) a diet containing Zn-methionine at 76 mg/kg of DM (CTL) or (2) CTL top-dressed with about 21 mg/kg of DM extra Zn-methionine (+Zn) for 70 d. The concentrations of reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and immunoglobulins in the blood were measured on d 0, 35, and 70. Compared to CTL, +Zn decreased the dry matter intake (DMI) throughout the trial and the milk yield (MY) during the first phase of feeding (0-35 d). It, however, increased the milk yield during the last phase (36-70 d). The +Zn tended to have lower and greater milk protein yields than CTL during the first and last feeding phases, respectively. The +Zn tended to decrease the SCC and was associated with lower plasma GSH: GSSG and lower serum SOD concentrations relative to CTL. The +Zn did not affect the immunoglobulins, MDA, or CAT. Despite the early DMI and MY reduction, the prolonged Zn-methionine supplementation at about 100 mg/kg of DM improved the milk yield, possibly as a result of the improved udder health of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ranga Appuhamy
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (M.O.); (J.W.); (S.O.); (D.B.)
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4
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Rabee AE, Khalil MMH, Khadiga GA, Elmahdy A, Sabra EA, Zommara MA, Khattab IM. Response of rumen fermentation and microbiota to dietary supplementation of sodium selenite and bio-nanostructured selenium in lactating Barki sheep. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:247. [PMID: 38008716 PMCID: PMC10680236 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03799-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary selenium (Se) sources affects the structure of the rumen microbial community and rumen fermentation. This study evaluated the effects of sodium selenite (SS) and bio-nanostructured selenium (SeNSM) on rumen fermentation and structure of rumen microbial community of lactating Barki ewes. Twenty one lactating Barki ewes were assigned into three groups based on their body weight and milk yield. The experiment lasted for 50 days, whenever, the control group was fed basal diet; group SS received basal diets plus sodium selenite as inorganic source of Se; and group SeNSM received basal diet plus organic selenium bio-nanostructured. Ruminal pH and volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) was lower (P < 0.05) in SeNSM group compared to control. Principle Coordinate Analysis separated the microbial communities into three clusters based on feeding treatment. The bacterial community was dominated by phylum Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes that were affected (P < 0.05) by Se sources. Specifically Bacteriodetes was higher (P < 0.05) in SS and SeNSM groups; and Firmicutes was higher (P < 0.05) in the control group. Moreover, the predominant bacterial genera were Prevotella, Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, Unclassified_Bacteroidales, which were higher (P < 0.05) in SeNSM group. The methanogenic community belonged to phylum Euryarchaeota and was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) by Se supplementation. Principal component analysis based on rumen fermentation parameters, and relative abundances of bacteria and methanogens revealed three distinct clusters. These findings suggest that Se supplementation affected the relative abundances of dominant bacterial groups, declined rumen methanogens and SeNSM supplementation showed some positive impacts on some fibrolytic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Emara Rabee
- Animal and Poultry Nutrition Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mayada M H Khalil
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Desert and Environmental Agriculture, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Galal Abou Khadiga
- Departement of Poultry Production, Faculty of Desert and Environmental Agriculture, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elmahdy
- Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Desert and Environmental Agriculture, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Ebrahim A Sabra
- Animal Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, El-Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mohsen A Zommara
- Dairy Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El- Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M Khattab
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Desert and Environmental Agriculture, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt.
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5
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Kerwin AL, Graef GM, Ryan CM, Ferro L, Ordaz Puga S, Westhoff TA, Barbano DM, Kleinschmit DH, Overton TR. Effect of replacing a portion of inorganic chloride trace minerals with trace mineral amino acid complexes. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:6128-6145. [PMID: 37479575 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to determine whether replacing a portion of inorganic chloride trace minerals and cobalt carbonate in the diet with AA complexes of trace minerals and cobalt glucoheptonate will improve lactating cow performance, feed efficiency, and calf performance. In a clinical trial, 69 Holstein cows entering second lactation and greater were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments, with the total dietary trace mineral concentration the same between treatments, starting 1 wk after dry off (50 to 57 d before expected parturition) until 154 d in milk (DIM): (1) an inorganic chloride trace mineral (ITM) blend consisting of Zn (75 mg/kg), Mn (65 mg/kg), and Cu (10 mg/kg) as hydroxychlorides and Co (1 mg/kg) as carbonate (n = 37) or (2) partial replacement of ITM with AA complexes of Zn (40 mg/kg), Mn (20 mg/kg), and Cu (3.5 mg/kg) and Co glucoheptonate (1 mg/kg; AATM; Availa-Dairy, Zinpro Corp.; n = 32). Dry matter intake (DMI) was recorded daily from enrollment through wk 8, and milk yields were recorded daily from calving through wk 22. Milk composition and body weights (BW) were collected weekly. Serum samples were analyzed for albumin (Alb), cholesterol (Chol), total bilirubin (Bili), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), haptoglobin, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), and Ca. A liver health index (LHI) was calculated based on Bili, Chol, and Alb concentrations. A liver functionality index (LFI) was calculated to standardize changes in Alb, Chol, and Bili from 4 to 29 DIM. Greater LHI and LFI indicate better health status. Colostrum was analyzed for IgG and Brix, and calf serum was analyzed for IgG. Calf growth was monitored through 9 wk of age (AATM: n = 12, ITM: n = 10). Data were analyzed using SAS software with mixed effects models and repeated-measures analysis, when applicable. Survival analysis for pregnancy by 154 DIM was analyzed by Cox proportional and Kaplan-Meier hazards models. Disorder incidence was tested with Fisher's exact test. Prepartum DMI as a percent of BW was lower in cows fed AATM and not significant postpartum. Cows fed AATM produced more milk from wk 1 to 8 and from wk 1 to 22. Energy-corrected milk yield and colostrum measures did not significantly differ between treatments. A treatment by time interaction was seen for AST and BHB; cows fed AATM tended to have lower AST concentrations at 28 DIM and lower concentrations in BHB through 29 DIM, though not statistically significant. Cows fed AATM had greater LHI at 4 DIM. Haptoglobin, Ca, LFI, hazard of pregnancy, risk to first service, survival curves, or services per pregnancy did not significantly differ. Calf serum IgG and birth weight did not significantly differ between treatments. Calves from dams fed AATM had greater average daily gain than calves from dams fed ITM. Overall, cows fed AATM during the dry period and early lactation had improved postpartum performance and potential health improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Kerwin
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - G M Graef
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - C M Ryan
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - L Ferro
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - S Ordaz Puga
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - T A Westhoff
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - D M Barbano
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | | | - T R Overton
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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6
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Duplessis M, Wright TC, Bejaei M. A survey of Canadian dairy nutritionists to assess current trace element formulation practices. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:4030-4041. [PMID: 37105881 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify current practices and perceptions around trace element feeding for dairy cows through a Canadian dairy nutritionist survey. An online survey with 23 questions was used to collect data from Canadian dairy nutritionists with the help of professional associations and social media. The survey was active from November 2021 to April 2022. The first 7 questions collected descriptive information on respondents, and the subsequent 16 questions focused on trace element feeding. A total of 92 participants from all over Canada filled out the survey, and about 26% of Canadian herds and cows were represented by these respondents. The participants had diverse views on the importance of diet formulations for trace elements to optimize cow health and productivity, with perceptions varying from very important to not important. In comparison, macronutrients and selenium were consistently rated as very important by between 58% and 74% of respondents. Software reference values were used by 54%, 72%, and 73% of participants to estimate trace element concentrations of forages, cereals, and protein sources, respectively, highlighting the importance of regularly updating the feed library of the software. More than 60% of nutritionists participating in this study had intentionally formulated diets above trace element software recommendations, considered mineral interactions occurring in the rumen, and used a trace element source known for its better bioavailability (e.g., organic, chelate) when they formulated diets. Herds with more than 80 cows were more likely to be given trace element supplements known for their greater bioavailability. The most used supplement with enhanced bioavailability was selenium. In addition, different trace element feeding strategies pertaining to different stages of lactation and breeds were reported. This finding can be explained by the absence of clear recommendations on trace element feeding by breed. The participants who adjusted trace element feeding according to the stages of lactation considered the transition period as the most challenging period, and they identified the need for a source of trace element known for its greater bioavailability for this period. Further research should aim to identify environmental risk of trace element overfeeding using the One Health approach. Moreover, strategies to avoid trace element overfeeding should be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Duplessis
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1M 0C8, Canada.
| | - Tom C Wright
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 4Y2, Canada
| | - Masoumeh Bejaei
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland Research and Development Centre, 4200 BC-97, Summerland, British Columbia, V0H 1Z0, Canada
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Abuelo A, Mann S, Contreras GA. Metabolic Factors at the Crossroads of Periparturient Immunity and Inflammation. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2023; 39:203-218. [PMID: 37032303 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Periparturient cows have the highest risk for disease and culling in the adult dairy herd. This risk is compounded by the multiple physiological changes of metabolism and immune function occurring around calving that alter the cow's inflammatory response. In this article, the authors summarize the current knowledge on immunometabolism in the periparturient cow, discussing major changes in immune and metabolic function around parturition that will facilitate the assessment of periparturient cow management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Abuelo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sabine Mann
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 240 Farrier Road, Box 47, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Genaro Andres Contreras
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Duplessis M, Royer I. Mini-Review: The importance of an integrated approach to assess trace mineral feeding practices in dairy cows. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2023.1155361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This mini-review was undertaken to demonstrate the impact of trace mineral feeding management of dairy cows on the ecosystem by discussing their role in the animal metabolism, dietary recommendations, current feeding practices, and their excretion in manure pertaining to five trace minerals, i.e., cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc. The first part of this mini-review relates the importance of trace minerals in dairy cow metabolism, and how recommendations are obtained. The following section showed that the transition period from the dry to the lactating phase is challenging for dairy cattle, and current trace mineral recommendations have been questioned for this period due to the role of some trace minerals in immunity and oxidative metabolism. Furthermore, trace mineral overfeeding is a common practice in intensive dairy production system in Canada, the USA, and the UK, which is far from precision nutrition. Trace minerals in excess of requirements are directly excreted into the manure. The practice of trace mineral overfeeding could have detrimental effects on the ecosystem when manure with high trace mineral concentrations is repeatedly spread on fields. In conclusion, an integrative approach assessing the impact of trace mineral overfeeding in cow diets on the ecosystem is needed.
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Liu W, Wang D, Zhou Q, Wang J, Lian S. Effect of Mineral Element Imbalance on Neutrophil Respiratory Burst Function and Inflammatory and Antioxidant Responses in Sheep. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10040241. [PMID: 37104396 PMCID: PMC10141385 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10040241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study established a model of mineral element homeostatic imbalance and examined the respiratory burst function of peripheral blood neutrophils and inflammatory and antioxidant indicators before and after the imbalance in sheep. The results showed that after an EDTA injection, the number of activated neutrophils in the peripheral blood was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.01). In addition, the serum IL-6 level was significantly increased (p < 0.05) and matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) was inhibited (p < 0.05), but returned to a normal level one week after the injection. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) levels were consistently higher after the injection and significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05). CuZn-SOD, TNOS activity, serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels were significantly higher than before the injection (p < 0.05). Combining the results of previous studies, the EDTA injection altered the metabolism and transcription of peripheral blood neutrophils. These changes enhance the respiratory burst function of neutrophils and alter the status of inflammatory and antioxidant indicators such as IL-6 and CuZn-SOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Di Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Qijun Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jianfa Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Shuai Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
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10
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Ibraheem M, Kvidera SK, Fry RS, Bradford BJ. Meta-analysis of the effects of sulfate versus hydroxy trace mineral source on nutrient digestibility in dairy and beef cattle. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:2386-2394. [PMID: 36870849 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Trace mineral (TM) source can potentially alter nutrient digestibility through effects on microbial populations. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine whether sulfate versus hydroxy (IntelliBond) sources of supplemental Cu, Zn, and Mn had any effect on dry matter intake (DMI), dry matter digestibility, and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility. All available cattle studies (8 studies, 12 comparisons) were used to estimate the effect size (hydroxy mean - sulfate mean). Factors included in the analysis were method of digestibility analysis (total collection, marker-based, or 24 h in situ), study design (randomized design or Latin square), beef (n = 5) versus dairy (n = 7) cattle, and days on treatment; these factors were retained when P < 0.05. Dry matter digestibility was increased by hydroxy TM in beef (1.64 ± 0.35 units) but not in dairy models (0.16 ± 0.13 units) relative to sulfate TM. The NDF digestibility increased significantly with hydroxy versus sulfate TM, but digestibility assessment method influenced this response. Studies using total collection or undigested NDF as a flow marker showed a significant increase (2.68 ± 0.40 units and 1.08 ± 0.31 units, respectively) in NDF digestibility for hydroxy versus sulfate TM; but studies utilizing 24-h in situ incubation did not detect any change (-0.03 ± 0.23 units). These observations may reveal differences in precision of measurement or may indicate mineral effects beyond the rumen; total collection is considered the gold standard method. Hydroxy TM did not affect DMI per animal or per unit of body weight relative to sulfate TM. In conclusion, feeding hydroxy versus sulfate TM does not appear to affect DMI but, depending on type of cattle and method of measurement, can increase dry matter digestibility and NDF digestibility, which may be explained by differences in solubility of the TM sources in rumen, differentially affecting fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ibraheem
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 44824
| | - S K Kvidera
- Micronutrients USA LLC, Indianapolis, IN 46231
| | - R S Fry
- Micronutrients USA LLC, Indianapolis, IN 46231
| | - B J Bradford
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 44824.
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Zhou J, Ren Y, Wen X, Yue S, Wang Z, Wang L, Peng Q, Hu R, Zou H, Jiang Y, Hong Q, Xue B. Comparison of coated and uncoated trace elements on growth performance, apparent digestibility, intestinal development and microbial diversity in growing sheep. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1080182. [PMID: 36605519 PMCID: PMC9808050 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1080182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The suitable supplement pattern affects the digestion and absorption of trace minerals by ruminants. This study aimed to compare the effects of coated and uncoated trace elements on growth performance, apparent digestibility, intestinal development and microbial diversity in growing sheep. Thirty 4-month-old male Yunnan semi-fine wool sheep were randomly assigned to three treatments (n = 10) and fed with following diets: basal diet without adding exogenous trace elements (CON), basal diet plus 400 mg/kg coated trace elements (CTE, the rumen passage rate was 65.87%) and basal diet plus an equal amount of trace elements in uncoated form (UTE). Compared with the CON group, the average daily weight gain and apparent digestibility of crude protein were higher (P < 0.05) in the CTE and UTE groups, while there was no difference between the CTE and UTE groups. The serum levels of selenium, iodine and cobalt were higher (P < 0.05) in the CTE and UTE groups than those in the CON group, the serum levels of selenium and cobalt were higher (P < 0.05) in the CTE group than those in the UTE group. Compared with the CON and UTE groups, the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in duodenum and ileum were higher (P < 0.05) in the CTE groups. The addition of trace minerals in diet upregulated most of the relative gene expression of Ocludin, Claudin-1, Claudin-2, ZO-1, and ZO-2 in the duodenum and jejunum and metal ion transporters (FPN1 and ZNT4) in small intestine. The relative abundance of the genera Christensenellaceae R-7 group, Ruminococcus 1, Lachnospiraceae NK3A20 group, and Ruminococcaceae in ileum, and Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 and Lactobacillus in colon was higher in the CTE group that in the CON group. These results indicated that dietary trace mineral addition improved the growth performance and intestinal development, and altered the structure of intestinal bacteria in growing sheep. Compared to uncoated form, offering trace mineral elements to sheep in coated form had a higher absorption efficiency, however, had little effect on improving growth performance of growing sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- 1Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifan Ren
- 1Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Wen
- 1Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuangming Yue
- 2Department of Bioengineering, Sichuan Water Conservancy Vocational College, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- 1Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lizhi Wang
- 1Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quanhui Peng
- 1Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Hu
- 1Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huawei Zou
- 1Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yahui Jiang
- 3College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qionghua Hong
- 4Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Bai Xue
- 1Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Bai Xue,
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12
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Wang D, Ji M, Zhou Q, Su C, Lian S, Wang J, Zheng J, Wu R. Transcriptomic Analysis of Circulating Neutrophils in Sheep with Mineral Element Imbalance. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2135-2146. [PMID: 34403048 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of mineral element imbalance on gene transcription in peripheral circulating neutrophils of sheep. Ten female sheep weighing 30 kg of similar age and physiological condition were randomly selected and injected via central venous catheterization with EDTA at a concentration of 4% (W/V) to construct a model of mineral element imbalance. As self-control, the sheep were divided into control [Con, before EDTA injection, time point 0 (T0)], EDTA [12 h after EDTA injection, time point 12 h (T12h)] and recovery [HF, 7 days after injection, time point 7 days (T7d)] groups. Whole blood was collected, and serum and neutrophils were separated for ionomic and transcriptomic analysis. The results showed that levels of P (P < 0.05), Zn (P < 0.01), K (P < 0.01) and some other elements were significantly lower in sheep in the EDTA group than in those in the control group, but levels of P (P > 0.05), Zn (P > 0.05) and K (P > 0.05) were similar in the recovery and control groups. Levels of Ca (P > 0.05) and Cu (P < 0.05) were higher after injection, and levels of Cu (P < 0.01) continued to increase during the recovery period. There were 1561 genes, including S100 family genes, significantly differentially expressed in neutrophils between the control and trial groups, and these genes were mainly enriched in the categories defense response, immune response, regulation of interleukin production and other functions. The top enriched signaling pathways were phagosome, NF-κB and Toll-like receptor. Mineral element homeostasis imbalance affected the gene transcriptome of circulating neutrophils, demonstrating the importance of carefully controlling the addition of mineral elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Ji
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China
| | - Qijun Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyuan Su
- Suihua Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Xiushui Jiayuan, North Yellow River Road, North Forest District, Suihua, 152000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Lian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfa Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiasan Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rui Wu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing, 163319, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Zhao Z, Ma Z, Wang H, Zhang C. Effects of trace minerals supply from rumen sustained release boluses on milk yields and components, rumen fermentation and the rumen bacteria in lactating yaks (Bos grunniens). Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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14
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Ugwuoke CU, Omeje BA, Okadi AO, Ugwuowo L, Ikehi ME, Ekenta LU, Ejiofor TE, Osinem EC. Performance of Isa-Brown Layers and the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer of the Mineral Content of Eggs Produced by Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder Supplementation. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2021-1552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Larrán B, Miranda M, Herrero-Latorre C, Rigueira L, Pereira V, Suárez ML, López-Alonso M. Influence of Haemolysis on the Mineral Profile of Cattle Serum. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123336. [PMID: 34944113 PMCID: PMC8698072 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The results of blood tests routinely used in clinical chemistry can be altered by haemolysis, the disruption of red blood cells. Haemolysis of serum samples is recognized to be the leading cause of preanalytical errors in clinical laboratories. The influence of haemolysis must be specifically studied for each analyte and species of clinical interest, as it is often not known how serum samples are affected. Little is known about the potential alterations in the concentrations of mineral elements in haemolyzed serum in general and the phenomenon has not been specifically studied in bovine serum samples. We investigate how haemolysis affects the mineral content of bovine samples. Abstract Haemolysis of serum samples is the leading cause of preanalytical errors in clinical laboratories. Little is known about the potential alterations in the concentrations of mineral elements in haemolyzed serum and the phenomenon has not been specifically studied in bovine serum samples. We investigate how haemolysis affects the mineral content of bovine samples. We used ICP-MS to measure the concentrations of 12 mineral elements (Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, Se and Zn) in bovine whole blood, serum and gradually haemolyzed samples and observed significant differences between the different types of samples, particularly in the Fe and Zn concentrations. However, in practice, the high interindividual variability makes it difficult to establish whether a given value corresponds to normal or haemolyzed samples. In response to this problem, we propose to consider that a result is significantly biased when the haemolysis threshold (the degree of haemolysis above which the concentration of an element in serum is significantly altered) of a given element is surpassed. The haemolysis threshold values for the different elements considered were found as follows: 0.015 g Hb L−1 for Fe, 2 g for Zn, 4 g for Cr and 8 g for Ca, Se and Mo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Larrán
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (B.L.); (L.R.); (M.L.S.)
- Rof-Codina Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Marta Miranda
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (B.L.); (L.R.); (M.L.S.)
- Rof-Codina Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Carlos Herrero-Latorre
- Research Institute on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Lucas Rigueira
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (B.L.); (L.R.); (M.L.S.)
- Rof-Codina Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Víctor Pereira
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (V.P.); (M.L.-A.)
| | - María Luisa Suárez
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (B.L.); (L.R.); (M.L.S.)
- Rof-Codina Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Marta López-Alonso
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (V.P.); (M.L.-A.)
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Silva TH, Guimaraes I, Menta PR, Fernandes L, Paiva D, Ribeiro TL, Celestino ML, Netto AS, Ballou MA, Machado VS. Effect of injectable trace mineral supplementation on peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocyte function, antioxidant enzymes, health, and performance in dairy cows in semi-arid conditions. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:1649-1660. [PMID: 34799106 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of subcutaneous injections of 15 mg/mL Cu, 5 mg/mL Se, 60 mg/mL Zn, and 10 mg/mL Mn on health, performance, polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) function, circulating glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentrations, and inflammation of dairy cows undergoing the transition period in high temperature-humidity index. A total of 923 multiparous cows from 2 commercial dairy farms were randomly allocated into 1 of 2 treatment groups as follows: control and injectable trace mineral supplementation (ITMS). Cows in the ITMS group received 7 mL of subcutaneous injections at dry-off (208 ± 3 d of gestation), 260 ± 3 d of gestation, and at 35 ± 3 d in milk (DIM). Data regarding health traits, reproductive performance, milk yield, and survivability were extracted from farm database software, and animals were followed-up until 300 DIM. For a subset of 142 cows from one herd, blood samples were collected at enrollment, and at 3 ± 1, 7 ± 1, 10 ± 1, and 35 ± 3 DIM to evaluate hematology, PMNL function, GPx and SOD concentrations, and circulating haptoglobin. Logistic regression was used to assess health and pregnancy per artificial insemination at first service. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate hazard of pregnancy and culling. Mixed linear regression models accounting for repeated measures were used to assess all continuous variables collected over time. Parity, twinning, and previous gestation length were considered as potential confounders. Farm was included as a random effect. The ITMS cows tended to have lower incidence of metritis and stillbirth compared with control group. However, ITMS treatment did not influence the incidence of other diseases (e.g., mastitis, retained placenta), milk yield, reproductive performance, culling, and leukocyte count. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, PMNL phagocytosis, and oxidative burst as well as intensity of the oxidative burst were greater for ITMS-treated cows in comparison to control cows. The ITMS cows had decreased expression of the adhesion molecule L-selectin on PMNL surface. The serum concentration of GPx and SOD were not affected by ITMS treatment. In conclusion, ITMS tended to reduce the incidence of metritis and stillbirth parturition, improved PMNL function, and improved the inflammatory status of dairy cows undergoing the transition period in high temperature-humidity index conditions. However, these findings did not translate into improved milk yield, reproductive performance, and survivability.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Silva
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79415; Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900 Brazil
| | - I Guimaraes
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79415
| | - P R Menta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79415
| | - L Fernandes
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79415
| | - D Paiva
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79415
| | - T L Ribeiro
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79415
| | - M L Celestino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79415
| | - A Saran Netto
- Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900 Brazil
| | - M A Ballou
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79415
| | - V S Machado
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79415.
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Duplessis M, Fadul-Pacheco L, Santschi DE, Pellerin D. Toward Precision Feeding Regarding Minerals: What Is the Current Practice in Commercial Dairy Herds in Québec, Canada? Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051320. [PMID: 34063153 PMCID: PMC8148184 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary It has been known for several years that limiting phosphorus in the cow diet mitigates its excretion in manure, hence reducing the environmental phosphorus load after manure spreading. The quantity of phosphorus that could be applied in the field is regulated by law in several countries. This is not the same for trace minerals such as cobalt, copper, manganese, and zinc. Nevertheless, if overfed, these last minerals are excreted in manure in great quantities and could accumulate in the soil after manure spreading, which could lead to detrimental environmental effects. However, formulating cow rations according to the mineral requirements is challenging for nutritionists. The aim of this analysis is to compare dietary phosphorus, cobalt, copper, manganese, and zinc concentrations from 100 commercial Holstein dairy herds with the National Research Council recommendations. Phosphorus is included as a point of comparison, as its overfeeding has been well studied compared with other studied trace minerals. The results indicate that, at the median, phosphorus, cobalt, copper, manganese, and zinc were respectively fed 8%, 405%, 52%, 372%, and 65% over the recommendations. This suggests that most nutritionists are aware that precision feeding regarding phosphorus is important for dairy production sustainability. It also shows that the other studied minerals were fed in excess and that some attempts should be made to reduce the mineral concentrations of diets. Abstract This analysis is performed to obtain information on the current situation regarding phosphorus (P), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) concentrations in cow diets of commercial dairy herds in Québec, Canada, and to compare them with National Research Council recommendations. Data are collected on 100 Holstein dairy herds in Québec, Canada, and 4430 cows were involved. Rations are analyzed for selected minerals and cow requirements relative to the recommendations were calculated. Median percentages of mineral recommendations fulfilled by forage were 55%, 196%, 54%, 776%, 181%, and 44% for P, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn, respectively. Daily dietary concentrations of P, Cu, Mn, and Zn decreased as lactation progressed, whereas Co and Fe were stable throughout lactation. Phosphorus was the mineral fed the closest to the requirements, cows below 21 days in milk were even underfed by 11%. All studied trace minerals were fed in excess for the majority of cows. Cobalt was fed on average 480% above requirements regardless of the stage of lactation. For Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn, rations for cows below 21 days in milk were fed 23% (95% confidence interval: 15–32), 930% (849–1019), 281% (251–314), and 35% (22–47) above the recommendations, respectively, and were closer to the requirements than after 21 days in milk. These results show that most nutritionists are aware that precision feeding regarding P is important to minimize detrimental environmental impacts of dairy production. However, some efforts should be made to limit trace mineral overfeeding to ensure environmental resiliency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Duplessis
- Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, Centre de Recherche et Développement de Sherbrooke, 2000 rue College, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Liliana Fadul-Pacheco
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - Débora E. Santschi
- Lactanet, 555 Boul. des Anciens-Combattants, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3R4, Canada;
| | - Doris Pellerin
- Département des Sciences Animales, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l’Agriculture, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
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18
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Supplementing Trace Minerals to Beef Cows during Gestation to Enhance Productive and Health Responses of the Offspring. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041159. [PMID: 33919507 PMCID: PMC8072782 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary During gestation, the fetus relies on the dam for the supply of all nutrients, including trace minerals, which are essential for developmental processes including organogenesis, vascularization, and differentiation. Alterations in maternal nutritional status may promote adaptations that permanently alter the trajectory of growth, physiology, and metabolism of the offspring. Supplementing trace minerals to gestating cows may be a strategy to enhance progeny performance and health. The purpose of this review is to highlight current information relevant to trace mineral supplementation during gestation, with an emphasis on Zn, Cu, Co, and Mn, and their impacts on offspring productive responses. Identifying nutritional strategies targeted at this period of development and understanding the implications of such provides an opportunity to enhance the productive efficiency of beef cattle systems. Abstract Nutritional management during gestation is critical to optimize the efficiency and profitability of beef production systems. Given the essentiality of trace minerals to fetal developmental processes, their supplementation represents one approach to optimize offspring productivity. Our research group investigated the impacts of supplementing gestating beef cows with organic-complexed (AAC) or inorganic sources (INR) of Co, Cu, Mn, or Zn on productive and health responses of the progeny. Calves born to AAC supplemented cows had reduced incidence of bovine respiratory disease and were >20 kg heavier from weaning until slaughter compared to unsupplemented cohorts. Complementing these findings, heifer progeny born to AAC supplemented cows had accelerated puberty attainment. Collectively, research demonstrates supplementing trace minerals to gestating beef cows may be a strategy to enhance offspring productivity in beef production systems.
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Swain PS, Rao SBN, Rajendran D, Krishnamoorthy P, Mondal S, Pal D, Selvaraju S. Nano zinc supplementation in goat (Capra hircus) ration improves immunity, serum zinc profile and IGF-1 hormones without affecting thyroid hormones. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105:621-629. [PMID: 33560532 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The trial was aimed at evaluating probable superiority, if any of nano zinc (NZn) over inorganic zinc (Zn) on immunity, serum minerals and T3 , T4 , and IGF-1 hormone profiles in goats. NZn was synthesized by using 0.45 M aqueous solution of Zn nitrate and 0.9 M aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (average particle size 74 nm). Twenty-four male goats were grouped into four groups as per their body weight and were supplemented with either a basal diet with concentrate and straw at 50:50 ratio (Negative control, NC) alone or supplemented with 50 mg/kg Zn (Control) from inorganic Zn source, that is ZnO (IZn-50), 50 mg/kg Zn from NZn (NZn-50) or 25 mg/kg Zn from NZn (NZn-25). No change was observed in thyroid hormone status on zero and 90th day of experimental feeding, but NZn supplementation improved (p < 0.05) IGF-1 level on 90th day serum samples. Zn supplementation improved the humoral immunity in all the groups irrespective of the source. Similarly, cell-mediated immunity (CMI) measured by skinfold thickness after injecting Con-A, was also improved in Zn supplemented groups than control at 6, 12 and 48 h of incubation. NZn-50 animals showed highest HI (haemagglutination inhibition) titre as well as skin thickness. The CD 4 + (cluster of differentiation in %) was more (p < 0.05) in Zn supplemented groups. NZn-50 showed higher (p < 0.05) CD 8 + count than NC and similar (p > 0.05) to IZn-50 and NZn-25 groups without affecting (p > 0.05) the ratio of CD 4 + , CD 8 + among the treatment groups. Thus, NZn supplementation at 25 mg/kg had similar immunity and serum T3 , T4 and IGF-1 profiles compared with IZn at 50 mg/kg dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Sarathi Swain
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India.,ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | | | - Duraisamy Rajendran
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Sukanta Mondal
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - Dintaran Pal
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - Sellapan Selvaraju
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
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20
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Banadaky MD, Rajaei-Sharifabadi H, Hafizi M, Hashemi SA, Kalanaky S, Fakharzadeh S, Shahbedini SP, Rezayazdi K, Nazaran MH. Lactation responses of Holstein dairy cows to supplementation with a combination of trace minerals produced using the advanced chelate compounds technology. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:55. [PMID: 33389213 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02539-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Advanced chelate compounds technology is a novel technology that introduces a new generation of chelates to deliver trace elements better by polymerization of organic acids. In the present study, the over-supplementation effect of Bonzaplex7 supplement, which is designed based on the aforementioned technology, was evaluated on milk yield of dairy Holstein cattle through two experiments. In the first experiment (exp. I), 24 primiparous dairy cows were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups: (1) without over-supplementation (control); (2) daily allowance of 7 g/cow Bonzaplex7 containing Co (12 mg), Cr (3.5 mg), Cu (126 mg), Fe (56 mg), Mn (196 mg), Se (2 mg), and Zn (357 mg) (Bonzaplex7); and (3) daily allowance of the same amounts of all of the trace minerals in amino acid complex form (AA). In the second experiment (exp. II), 170 multiparous dairy cows received either 7 g/day/cow Bonzaplex7 (85 cows, test) or no additional supplement (85 cows, NS). In exp. I, the milk yields in control, Bonzaplex7, and AA were 34.30, 36.46, and 35.83 kg/day, respectively (P = 0.528). No significant differences in milk composition were detected among the groups. In exp. II, however, higher milk fat and energy-corrected milk yield were observed in test compared with NS. Both Bonzeplex7 and AA elevated the plasma concentrations of Cu, Mn, and Se. The results provided evidence that supplementing dairy cows with a combination of trace minerals which produced using the advanced chelate compounds technology has a potential to improve milk fat and to decrease disease susceptibility under stressed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Dehghan Banadaky
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Hafizi
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Hashemi
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Kalanaky
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saideh Fakharzadeh
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Pouria Shahbedini
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Rezayazdi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Kholif AE, Hamdon HA, Kassab AY, Farahat ESA, Azzaz HH, Matloup OH, Mohamed AG, Anele UY. Chlorella vulgaris microalgae and/or copper supplementation enhanced feed intake, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites and lactational performance of Boer goat. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:1595-1605. [PMID: 32388911 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The associative effects of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae and copper (Cu) supplementation on feed utilisation and lactational performance in goats were evaluated. Thirty-two lactating Boer goats (34.8 ± 1.7 kg body weight) were used to evaluate the supplementation of C. vulgaris microalgae at 10 g/day (AL treatment), 9 mg of Cu/kg diet (CU treatment) or a mixture of both AL and CU treatments (ALCU treatment) on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites and lactation performance of Boer goat milk yield and composition. Treatments did not affect feed intake; however, AL, ALCU and CU treatments increased (p < .001) nutrient digestibility. Treatment effect on ruminal pH, ammonia-N or propionate was marginal, but AL and ALCU treatments increased (p < .01) acetate, acetate/propionate ratio and total volatile fatty acids. Treatments increased (p < .001) serum glucose and Cu concentrations. Additionally, ALCU and AL treatments increased (p < .001) daily milk yield, energy corrected milk production, concentrations of ash, energy content, fat, lactose, solids not fat, total solids and milk (feed) efficiency. Conversely, the CU treatment decreased (p < .001) the concentration of all milk components, without affecting milk (feed) efficiency. Additionally, AL and ALCU treatments decreased (p < .05) the concentrations of saturated fatty acids by 2.4% and 4%, respectively, but increased (p < .05) the concentrations of total unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) by 5.4% and 9.8%, respectively, mono-UFA by 5.2% and 9.8%, respectively, and conjugated linoleic acid concentrations by 9.3% and 7.4% respectively. In conclusion, supplementation of the diet of lactating Boer goats with C. vulgaris microalgae with or without copper enhanced nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, milk production, milk efficiency and milk nutritive value. Copper supplementation had minimal effects; therefore, its use as a supplement in the presence of C. vulgaris microalgae to the diet of lactating Boer goats is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E Kholif
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hatem A Hamdon
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, New Valley University, New Valley, Egypt
| | - Ayman Y Kassab
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, New Valley University, New Valley, Egypt
| | | | - Hossam H Azzaz
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Osama H Matloup
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Uchenna Y Anele
- North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, USA
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22
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Abuajamieh M, Abdelqader A, Irshaid R, Hayajneh FMF, Al-Khaza'leh JM, Al-Fataftah AR. Effects of organic zinc on the performance and gut integrity of broilers under heat stress conditions. Arch Anim Breed 2020; 63:125-135. [PMID: 32382654 PMCID: PMC7201270 DOI: 10.5194/aab-63-125-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) has negative impacts on farm animals. Many studies have
been conducted in order to ameliorate the effects of heat stress in farm
animals. The current project investigated the effects of organic zinc
supplementation under thermoneutral and heat stress conditions on the
production, physiological, and histological parameters in broiler chickens.
Three-hundred and sixty chicks in the current project were assigned randomly
to six different treatments (n=60 chicks per treatment). The treatments
were (1) a basal diet containing 40 mg kg-1 of Zn from an organic source and
rearing under thermoneutral (TN) conditions (Ctrl); (2) a diet containing the
amount of Zn from the basal diet +50 % of the Zn level (from the basal
diet) and rearing under TN conditions (50 TN); (3) a diet containing the amount
of Zn from the basal diet +100 % of the Zn level (from the basal diet)
and rearing under TN conditions (100 TN); (4) a basal diet containing 40 mg kg-1
of Zn from an organic source and exposure to 3 d of cyclical HS at the age
of 35 d (CHS); (5) a diet containing the amount of Zn from the basal diet
+50 % of the Zn level (from the basal diet) and exposure to 3 d of
cyclical HS at the age of 35 d (50 HS); and (6) a diet containing the
amount of Zn from the basal diet +100 % of the Zn level (from the basal
diet) and exposure to 3 d of cyclical HS at the age of 35 d (100 HS).
Our results indicated that HS has decreased final body weight (fBW), average daily gain (ADG), and feed
conversion ratio (FCR) relative to TN
chicks. However, organic zinc had little or no effects on the production
parameters measures in the current project. Overall, intestinal histological
measurements were negatively altered under HS relative to TN chicks. Organic
zinc inclusion in the diet had improved villus height in the duodenum and
jejunum relative to the Ctrl and CHS chicks. Blood calcium and glucose
levels were decreased and increased, respectively, in HS relative to TN
chicks. In summary, the results discussed in the current project revealed
that the inclusion rates of organic zinc used here had little or no effects
on the productive parameters. However, it improved the morphological
characteristics of the intestines which might maximized the intestinal
efficiency in nutrient absorption under HS conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohannad Abuajamieh
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Anas Abdelqader
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Rabie Irshaid
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Firas M F Hayajneh
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Ja'far M Al-Khaza'leh
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan
| | - Abdur-Rahman Al-Fataftah
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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Dehghan Shahreza F, Seifi HA, Mohri M. The effects of dry period body condition score on some trace minerals, oxidative, and inflammatory indicators in transition dairy cows. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an18790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Body condition score (BCS) management throughout the dry period to calving is one of the strategies that can ensure optimal overall health and high milk yield after parturition.
Aim
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of BCS during the dry period on serum concentrations of some trace elements, oxidative, and inflammatory indices during the transition period of Holstein cows.
Methods
Fifty multiparous cows were classified based on their dry BCS (scale of 1 to 5) at the beginning of dry period as non-fat (NFC) (BCS <3.75; BCS minimum: 3; BCS maximum: 3.5, BCS means: 3.36; n = 25), and fat (FC) (BCS ≥ 3.75; BCS maximum: 4.25, means: 3.87; n = 25) groups, and received similar diet and kept under same management condition. Sampling was performed at 14 ± 2 days before expected calving date and 10, 20 and 30 days after calving.
Key results
FC had lower zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), and manganese (Mn) concentrations. Furthermore, iron (Fe) concentrations were significantly higher in FC in comparison with NFC –14 days before parturition. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and haptoglobin (Hp) elevated significantly in FC 20 days after calving, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly higher in NFC on day 14 before calving. Its activities increased significantly in FC on day30thof lactation. In addition, the highest serum ferric reducing antioxidants power (FRAP) and copper (Cu) and the lowest serum paraoxonase 1(PON1) and iron (Fe) concentrations were observed on day 20th of lactation.
Conclusion
Serum Zn, Mn, and Cr amounts were significantly affected by BCS. Furthermore, fat cows had more extensively endogenous antioxidant and inflammatory responses.
Implication
Our data highlights the fact that although all cellular metabolic, oxidative and inflammatory processes varied at different times of transition period, fat cows are more susceptible to metabolic and health disorders than non-fat animals.
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24
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Samuel TM, De Castro CA, Dubascoux S, Affolter M, Giuffrida F, Billeaud C, Picaud JC, Agosti M, Al-Jashi I, Pereira AB, Costeira MJ, Silva MG, Marchini G, Rakza T, Haaland K, Stiris T, Stoicescu SM, Martínez-Costa C, Vanpee M, Domellöf M, Castañeda-Gutiérrez E, Thakkar SK, Silva-Zolezzi I. Subclinical Mastitis in a European Multicenter Cohort: Prevalence, Impact on Human Milk (HM) Composition, and Association with Infant HM Intake and Growth. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010105. [PMID: 31905959 PMCID: PMC7019749 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is an inflammatory condition of the mammary gland. We examined the effects of SCM on human milk (HM) composition, infant growth, and HM intake in a mother–infant cohort from seven European countries. Methods: HM samples were obtained from 305 mothers at 2, 17, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days postpartum. SCM status was assessed using HM Sodium (Na): Potassium (K) ratio >0.6. Levels of different macro- and micronutrients were analyzed in HM. Results: SCM prevalence in the first month of lactation was 35.4%. Mean gestational age at delivery was lower and birth by C-section higher in SCM mothers (p ≤ 0.001). HM concentrations of lactose, DHA, linolenic acid, calcium, and phosphorous (p < 0.05 for all) was lower, while total protein, alpha-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, albumin, arachidonic acid to DHA ratio, n-6 to n-3 ratio and minerals (iron, selenium, manganese, zinc, and copper) were higher (p < 0.001 for all) in mothers with SCM. There were no differences in infant growth and HM intake between non-SCM and SCM groups. Conclusion: We document, for the first time, in a large European standardized and longitudinal study, a high prevalence of SCM in early lactation and demonstrate that SCM is associated with significant changes in the macro- and micronutrient composition of HM. Future studies exploring the relation of SCM with breastfeeding behaviors and developmental outcomes are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinu Mary Samuel
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Route du Jorat 57, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.D.); (M.A.); (F.G.); (E.C.-G.)
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Stephane Dubascoux
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Route du Jorat 57, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.D.); (M.A.); (F.G.); (E.C.-G.)
| | - Michael Affolter
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Route du Jorat 57, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.D.); (M.A.); (F.G.); (E.C.-G.)
| | - Francesca Giuffrida
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Route du Jorat 57, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.D.); (M.A.); (F.G.); (E.C.-G.)
| | | | - Jean-Charles Picaud
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Neonatal intensive care unit, Hôpital Croix Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France;
- Univ. Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, INSA Lyon, Universite Claude Bernard, 69221 Lyon 1, France
| | | | - Isam Al-Jashi
- Medical School, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Titu Maiorescu Medicine University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania;
| | | | - Maria Jose Costeira
- Instituto de Investigação em Ciências da Vida e Saúde, 4720-011 Braga, Portugal;
| | | | - Giovanna Marchini
- Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; (G.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Thameur Rakza
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique de Lille, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, 59777 Lille, France;
| | - Kirsti Haaland
- Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (K.H.); (T.S.)
| | - Tom Stiris
- Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (K.H.); (T.S.)
| | | | | | - Mireilla Vanpee
- Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; (G.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Magnus Domellöf
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umea University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Eurídice Castañeda-Gutiérrez
- Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Route du Jorat 57, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland; (S.D.); (M.A.); (F.G.); (E.C.-G.)
| | - Sagar Kiran Thakkar
- Nestle Research, Singapore 618802, Singapore; (C.A.D.C.); (S.K.T.); (I.S.-Z.)
| | - Irma Silva-Zolezzi
- Nestle Research, Singapore 618802, Singapore; (C.A.D.C.); (S.K.T.); (I.S.-Z.)
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25
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Roshanzamir H, Rezaei J, Fazaeli H. Colostrum and milk performance, and blood immunity indices and minerals of Holstein cows receiving organic Mn, Zn and Cu sources. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 6:61-68. [PMID: 32211530 PMCID: PMC7083722 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Effects of supplementing the basal diets with Mn, Zn and Cu, as sulphate, glycine or methionine salts, on colostrum and milk performance, some blood immunity indices and blood minerals of pre- and post-partum Holstein cows were accessed. Forty cows in different groups received: 1) a diet without supplementary Mn, Zn and Cu (control), 2) a diet containing Mn, Zn and Cu sulphates, 3) a diet containing Mn, Zn and Cu glycine, or 4) a diet containing Mn, Zn and Cu methionine with 10 cows per group from d 60 before calving (dry period) to d 100 of lactation. Dry matter intake (DMI), dry matter digestibility (DMD), colostrum and milk performance, milk somatic cell count (SCC), blood and milk total antioxidant capacity (TAC), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin A (IgA), and blood Mn, Zn and Cu were determined. Dietary supplementation with Mn, Zn and Cu as methionine, glycine or sulphate salts had positive effects on DMD, DMI, colostrum and milk performance, milk SCC, and blood Mn and Zn. Addition of Mn, Zn and Cu in diets could increase (P < 0.05) blood and milk TAC and blood IgA and IgM in the cows and their new-born calves. There were no differences in DMI, DMD, colostrum and milk yields, milk SCC, blood Mn (except d 50 postpartum), Zn and Cu and TAC (except d 50 postpartum) among the organic and inorganic minerals-supplemented groups (P > 0.05), however, the blood concentrations of IgA (except d 1 postpartum) and IgM in the cows supplemented with organic Mn, Zn and Cu were higher (P < 0.05) than those in the cows receiving the sulphate sources of minerals. Overall, dietary supplementation of Mn, Zn and Cu as methionine, glycine or sulphate salts can improve colostrum and milk performance, blood Zn and Mn and immunity indices in Holstein cows and their new-born calves. Moreover, the organic sources of Mn, Zn and Cu have advantage over the sulphate forms in terms of the blood immunoglobulins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habiballah Roshanzamir
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Rezaei
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Fazaeli
- Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, 3146618361, Iran
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26
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Xue F, Sun F, Jiang L, Hua D, Wang Y, Nan X, Zhao Y, Xiong B. Effects of Partial Replacment of Dietary Forage Using Kelp Powder ( Thallus laminariae) on Ruminal Fermentation and Lactation Performances of Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E852. [PMID: 31652562 PMCID: PMC6826980 DOI: 10.3390/ani9100852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kelp powder, which was rich in novel oligosaccharides and iodine might be utilized by the rumen microbiome, promoted the ruminal fermentation and finally enhanced the lactation performance of dairy cows. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of kelp powder partially replacing dietary forage on rumen fermentation and lactation performance of dairy cows. (2) Methods: In the present study, 20 Chinese Holstein dairy cows were randomly divided into two treatments, a control diet (CON) and a kelp powder replacing diet (Kelp) for a 35-d long trial. Dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, milk quality, ruminal fermentable parameters, and rumen microbiota were measured to investigate the effects of kelp powder feeding on dairy cows. (3) Results: On the lactation performance, kelp significantly increased milk iodine content and effectively enhanced milk production and milk fat content. On the fermentable aspects, kelp significantly raised TVFA while reducing the ammonia-N content. On the rumen microbial aspect, kelp feeding significantly promoted the proliferation of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria while suppressing Bacteroidetes. (4) Conclusion: kelp powder as an ingredient of feedstuff might promote the rumen fermentation ability and effectively increase milk fat and iodine content, and consequently improve the milk nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuguang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Fuyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Dengke Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xuemei Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yiguang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Benhai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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27
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Ferreira GM, Petzer IM. Injectable organic and inorganic selenium in dairy cows - Effects on milk, blood and somatic cell count levels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 86:e1-e8. [PMID: 31714134 PMCID: PMC6852608 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mastitis is the most costly disease of dairy cows. A pro-active approach includes insuring adequate levels of selective trace minerals. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of two different commercially available, injectable selenium products, (sodium) Na-selenite (inorganic) and (selenium) Se-methionine (organic), on milk composition and on serum and milk selenium concentrations in high-yielding Holstein cows on total mix ration. Sixty multiparous cows were randomly selected into three groups of 20, one control group and two groups supplemented with injectable trace minerals. Blood and milk samples were collected over a period of 60 days. No specific change was indicated in milk yield, lactose, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and milk pH levels compared with baseline values. The Se-methionine supplemented group showed a numerical increase in total milk protein percentage. In the group injected with Se-methionine, a negative correlation was present for the initial 72 hours between serum selenium concentration and somatic cell count (SCC) and a highly significant (p < 0.001) increase in milk selenium concentration for the initial 24 hours. Serum selenium concentration of Se-methionine-supplemented cows was however not significantly changed. Injection of Na-selenite led to a 60-day initial increase in serum selenium concentration above baseline levels and a significant milk selenium concentration on day 1 but to a negative correlation between serum selenium concentration and SCC. Differences in serum and milk selenium concentrations followed with the use of organic and inorganic selenium injectables. Injectable Na-selenite, as selenium, can be of important value for cattle farmers if supplemented on strategically physiological periods to improve production, reproduction and immunity.
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28
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Stevenson MA, Löf E, Söderström M, Gustafsson H, Emanuelson U. Herd and environmental determinants of reproductive performance in Swedish dairy herds, 2001-2009. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol 2019; 31:100299. [PMID: 31677764 DOI: 10.1016/j.sste.2019.100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This was a retrospective cohort study of Swedish dairy herds. Summary measures of production and reproductive performance, details of soil, moss mineral concentrations, and temperature and rainfall measurements at each herd location were available for the period September 2001 to August 2009. A Bayesian mixed-effects regression model including spatial and non-spatial heterogeneity terms was developed to quantify associations between hypothesised explanatory variables and mean herd breeding interval, defined as the difference between mean calving to last service interval and mean calving to first service interval for each fiscal year. Mean herd breeding intervals were shorter in herds with greater than 80% Swedish Red Cattle, herds with lower mean age at first calving, herds comprised of older cows and in larger herds. None of the soil composition or moss mineral concentration estimates were associated with mean herd breeding interval and the effect of temperature and rainfall on mean herd breeding interval was small. We conclude that environmental conditions (soil composition, moss mineral concentrations, environmental temperature and rainfall) had relatively minor effects on dairy herd reproductive performance in Sweden between 2001 and 2009.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Stevenson
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - E Löf
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden; Växa Sverige, Box 288, SE-751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Söderström
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 234, SE-53223 Skara, Sweden
| | - H Gustafsson
- Växa Sverige, Box 288, SE-751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - U Emanuelson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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29
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Luna D, Miranda M, Minervino AHH, Piñeiro V, Herrero-Latorre C, López-Alonso M. Validation of a simple sample preparation method for multielement analysis of bovine serum. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211859. [PMID: 30721256 PMCID: PMC6363224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we propose a single acid digestion (SAD) sample preparation method for ICP-MS analysis of animal serum samples to determine trace element contents. The method was evaluated in comparison with a commonly used procedure involving dilution of samples in an alkaline solution (AKD). In the SAD procedure, aliquots (1 mL) of bovine serum samples were treated at low temperature with a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. Trace elements (As, B, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, U, and Zn) were directly determined by ICP-MS analysis of diluted solutions of samples. Both methods were sufficiently sensitive to enable quantification of most trace elements, with the exception of the AKD method for Cd, Hg and Pb. The quality of the data was verified by using certified reference material. Good results were obtained for the SAD procedure and all elements, but recoveries were unacceptable with the AKD procedure for Se (recovery: 57%), Cd (154%) and Fe (139%). Strong associations (R2>0.90, P = 0.000) between the data obtained by both methods were demonstrated for the elements considered. The proposed SAD sample preparation method produced satisfactory results for determining most toxic and essential trace elements targeted in monitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Luna
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo Spain
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Marta Miranda
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo Spain
| | - Antonio Humberto Hamad Minervino
- Laboratory of Animal Health (LARSANA), Federal University of Western Pará (UFOPA), Rua Vera Paz, S/N, Salé, Santarém, PA, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Verónica Piñeiro
- Elemental Analysis RIAIDT, Lugo, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo Spain
| | - Carlos Herrero-Latorre
- Instituto de Investigación e Análises Alimentarias (IIAA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición e Bromatoloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Marta López-Alonso
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo Spain
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30
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Khatun A, Chowdhury SD, Roy BC, Dey B, Haque A, Chandran B. Comparative effects of inorganic and three forms of organic trace minerals on growth performance, carcass traits, immunity, and profitability of broilers. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2019; 6:66-73. [PMID: 31453173 PMCID: PMC6702935 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2019.f313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The experiment was conducted to investigate the comparative effects of inorganic trace minerals (ITM) and three forms of organic trace minerals (OTM) (propionate, metho-chelated, and proteinate) on growth performance, edible meat yield, immunity, and profitability of commercial broilers. Materials and methods: A corn-soya based mash diet comprising four treatments each of 10 replicates were fed to 720 day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks for 35 days (starter diet 0–21 days and grower diet 22–35 days). The diets for comparison were as follows: diet 1: control diet with ITM premix at 1 kg/ton of feed (T1); diet 2: control diet supplemented with propionate trace minerals at 600 gm/ton (T2); diet 3: control diet supplemented with metho-chelated trace minerals at 500 gm/ton by reducing 225 gm methionine/ton of feed (T3); and diet 4: control diet supplemented with proteinate trace minerals at 500 gm/ton of feed (T4). Growth performance, carcass yield, and antibody titer (AT) data were recorded. Data were analyzed and interpreted using SAS Computer Package Program version 9.1. Results: Feeding propionate and proteinate OTM showed similar performance. Birds fed these two types (propionate and proteinate) or OTM had better performance in comparison with those receiving ITM and metho-chelated one. Proteinate group produced more wing meat and propionate group showed higher breast and drumstick meat yield as compared with those received the metho-chelated trace mineral and ITM. The birds belonging to OTM groups showed significantly higher AT level against infectious bursal disease. Proteinate minerals groups showed higher profitability followed by propionate fed broilers. Conclusion: Two forms of OTM, propionate and proteinate improved performance of commercial broilers over those of ITM and metho-chelated one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anguara Khatun
- Department of Poultry Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | | | - Bibek Chandra Roy
- Department of Poultry Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Bapon Dey
- Department of Poultry Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Azimul Haque
- Kemin Industries South Asia Pvt. Ltd., #C-3, 1st Street, Ambattur Industrial Estate, Chennai, India
| | - Bakthavachalam Chandran
- Kemin Industries South Asia Pvt. Ltd., #C-3, 1st Street, Ambattur Industrial Estate, Chennai, India
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31
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Gong J, Xiao M. Effect of Organic Selenium Supplementation on Selenium Status, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidant Status in Selenium-Adequate Dairy Cows During the Periparturient Period. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 186:430-440. [PMID: 29594692 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1323-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The periparturient period represents a stressful time for dairy cows as they transition from late gestation to early lactation. Oxidation stress occurs during this period owing to the increased metabolic activity. Antioxidants supplementation slightly above the suggested requirements may be beneficial in relieving this kind of stress. The objective of this study was to determine whether supplementing selenium (Se) yeast to diets with adequate Se concentrations affects Se status, oxidative stress, and antioxidant status in dairy cows during the periparturient period. Twenty multiparous Holstein cows were randomly divided into two groups with ten replicates in each group. During the last 4 weeks before calving, cows were fed Se-yeast at 0 (control) or 0.3 mg Se/kg dry matter (Se-yeast supplementation), in addition to Na selenite at 0.3 mg Se/kg dry matter in their rations. The concentrations of Se, reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical, malonaldehyde (MDA), α-tocopherol and glutathione (GSH), the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in plasma or erythrocyte of dairy cows were measured at 21 and 7 days prepartum, and at 7 and 21 days postpartum. Cows fed Se-yeast supplement during the last 4 weeks of gestation had higher plasma Se and lower MDA concentrations at 7 days prepartum, and at 7 and 21 days postpartum, and had higher whole blood Se and lower plasma ROS and H2O2 concentrations at 7 and 21 days postpartum compared with control cows. Se-yeast supplementation increased plasma and erythrocyte GSH-Px activities and erythrocyte GSH concentration at 7 days postpartum as compared to Se-adequate control cows. Compared with control cows, the enhanced SOD and CAT activities, increased α-tocopherol and GSH concentrations, and improved T-AOC in plasma at 7 and 21 days postpartum in Se-yeast-supplemented cows were also observed in this study. The results indicate that feeding Se-adequate cows a Se-yeast supplement during late gestation increases plasma Se status, improves antioxidant function, and relieves effectively oxidative stress occurred in early lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, 010022, China.
| | - Min Xiao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, 010022, China
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32
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Warken AC, Lopes LS, Bottari NB, Glombowsky P, Galli GM, Morsch VM, Schetinger MRC, Silva ASDA. Mineral supplementation stimulates the immune system and antioxidant responses of dairy cows and reduces somatic cell counts in milk. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2018; 90:1649-1658. [PMID: 29898113 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820170524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the use of subcutaneous mineral supplementation would affect metabolic parameters, immunological response, milk quality and composition of dairy cows in the postpartum period. Twelve pregnant primiparous Holstein cows, were divided into two groups: six animals supplemented with the mineral complex (magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, selenium and copper), and six animals used as controls. Milk samples were collected every two other weeks postpartum up to sixty days of lactation to analyze composition and quality. Blood samples were collected, and the levels of ketone bodies, total proteins, glucose, albumin, and globulin were measured. The catalase and superoxide enzymes, reactive oxygen species, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukins were determined. Animals supplemented with minerals showed lower levels of ketone bodies and somatic cell counts on days 30, 45 and 60 of the experiment, without changes in milk composition compared to the control group. Supplemented cows had lower levels reactive oxygen species and increased superoxide enzymes activity. Total protein, globulin and cytokine levels were higher in cows supplemented with mineral complexes. Therefore, we can conclude that subcutaneous mineral supplementation improved the immune response and minimized the oxidative stress in dairy cows during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Warken
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina /UDESC, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E, Santo Antônio, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Leandro S Lopes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina /UDESC, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E, Santo Antônio, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Nathieli B Bottari
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria/UFSM, Av. Roraima, 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Glombowsky
- Departamento de Zootecnia/ UDESC, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E, Santo Antônio, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriela M Galli
- Departamento de Zootecnia/ UDESC, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E, Santo Antônio, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Vera M Morsch
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria/UFSM, Av. Roraima, 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa C Schetinger
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria/UFSM, Av. Roraima, 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S DA Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina /UDESC, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E, Santo Antônio, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
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Fiorentin EL, Zanovello S, Gato A, Piovezan AL, Alves MV, Rocha RX, Gonzalez F. Occurrence of subclinical metabolic disorders in dairy cows from western Santa Catarina state, Brazil. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: The management of dairy herds during the transition period has been studied in several studies due to the severe adjustments to which cows are submitted in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and minerals at early lactation. This is a period when occurs most of the metabolic disorders in dairy cows, especially in their subclinical form. Hitherto a lack of information exists on the occurrence of subclinical metabolic disorders in Brazil. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of subclinical metabolic disorders, including ketosis, liver lipidosis, hypocalcemia, lactacidemia and hypomagnesemia, as well as phosphorous, copper and zinc deficiency in dairy cattle from the western region of Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil, during the first 30 days of lactation. Blood samples from 15 dairy herds managed in intensive production (free-stall) and semi-confined systems were collected. Milk yield, reproduction and health data of the herd were recorded in a questionnaire, based on the records of the farm and on the observations during samples collection. Blood samples were collected for the measurement of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and lactate using portable monitors at the farm and for obtaining serum to perform the following biochemical determinations: total calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, albumin, aspartate transaminase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK) by UV-visible spectrophotometry, and copper and zinc by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In this study, the cutoff points considered were as follows: serum BHB concentrations >1.2mmol/L for subclinical ketosis, AST >140U/L and CK <94U/L for subclinical liver lipidosis, serum lactate concentrations >2.2mmol/L for lactacidemia, serum total calcium concentrations <7.5mg/dL for subclinical hypocalcemia, serum magnesium concentration <1.7mg/dL for hypomagnesemia, serum phosphorus concentration <2.5mg/dL for phosphorus deficiency, serum copper concentrations <32.8μg/dL for copper deficiency, and serum zinc concentrations <60μg/dL for zinc deficiency. The results showed an occurrence of 9% for subclinical ketosis, 11% for subclinical liver lipidosis, 44.5% for lactacidemia, 11% for subclinical hypocalcemia, 7.4% for subclinical hypomagnesemia, 10.7% for copper deficiency and 8.7% for zinc deficiency. According to the survey results, the occurrence of subclinical ketosis, lipidosis and hypocalcemia in western Santa Catarina differ from data found in the literature
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrei Gato
- Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Brazil
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JOSHI VIVEK, BHANUPRAKASH AG, MANDAL RSK, ALAM S, GUPTA VK, DIMRI UMESH. Oxidative stress and imbalance of serum trace mineral metabolism contribute to bovine respiratory disease in dairy calves. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v88i3.78267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most common infectious cause of clinical disease and death in young calves. The study was undertaken to scrutinize a relationship between tissue damage by oxidative stress, concentrations of serum trace minerals and clinical status of calves during BRD. The method of clinical scoring and thoracic auscultation were used to screen and select infected calves. In this study, comparison of lipid peroxides (LPO), antioxidant enzymes and serum trace minerals was done between BRD infected and healthy subjects (18 calves in each group). The infected group was further divided into 3 subgroups according to clinical scores (CS) (5,6,7). The blood LPO levels were significantly higher in BRD infected calves. The antioxidative activities of superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, catalase and serum uric acid were significantly lower in BRD infected calves. The concentrations of trace minerals (copper, zinc, selenium) were significantly reduced during BRD. All hematobiochemical parameters varied proportionately with the CS of infected calves. These findings demonstrated simultaneous occurrence of increased oxidative stress and depletion of antioxidative trace minerals during BRD in calves. A strong correlation exists between severity of oxidative stress and CS of calves.
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Gonçalves DA, Soncin AC, Donati GL, Dos Santos MC. Determination of Trace Elements in Cow Placenta by Tungsten Coil Atomic Emission Spectrometry. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 178:228-234. [PMID: 28092076 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0926-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tungsten coil atomic emission spectrometry (WCAES) is used to determine trace levels of Mn (403.1 nm) and Cr (425.5 nm) in cow placenta. All samples were collected in Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil. The instrumental setup is based on a tungsten filament extracted from 150 W, 15 V microscope light bulbs, a solid state power supply, fused silica lens, crossed Czerny-Turner spectrograph, and a thermoelectrically cooled charge-coupled device detector. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for Cr are 2 and 8 μg L-1, and 20 and 60 μg L-1 for Mn, respectively. Recoveries for 0.30 mg L-1 spikes of each analyte were in the range 93.0-103.0%, and relative standard deviation (RSD) was between 6.50 and 7.20% for both elements. Placenta samples were microwave-assisted digested with diluted HNO3 and H2O2 and analyzed by WCAES. The results for Cr and Mn were compared with values obtained by tandem inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS). No statistically significant difference was observed between the different methods by applying a paired t test at a 95% confidence level. The average concentrations of Cr and Mn in the placentas evaluated were 0.95 ± 0.22 and 2.64 ± 0.39 μg g-1, respectively. By using a short integration time, LODs for Cr and Mn were lower than values reported by recent works using a similar WCAES system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Gonçalves
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Sen. Filinto Muller, 1555, Cidade Universitária, Campo Grande, MS, 79074-460, Brazil.
| | - Ana C Soncin
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Av Brasil, 56, Centro, Ilha Solteira, SP, 15385-000, Brazil
| | - George L Donati
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Salem Hall, Box 7486, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Mirian C Dos Santos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, Quitandinha, Araraquara, SP, 14800-060, Brazil
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Prados LF, Sathler DFT, Silva BC, Zanetti D, Valadares Filho SC, Alhadas HM, Detmann E, Santos SA, Mariz LDS, Chizzotti ML. Reducing mineral usage in feedlot diets for Nellore cattle: II. Impacts of calcium, phosphorus, copper, manganese, and zinc contents on intake, performance, and liver and bone status. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:1766-1776. [PMID: 28464092 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Weaned Nellore bulls ( = 36; 274 ± 34 kg) were used in a randomized block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to evaluate intake, fecal excretion, and performance with different concentrations of minerals. Experimental diets were formulated with 2 concentrations of Ca and P (macromineral factor; diet supplying 100% of Ca and P according to BR-CORTE () [CaP+] or diet without limestone and dicalcium phosphate [CaP-]) and 2 concentrations of microminerals (micromineral factor; diet with supplementation of microminerals [Zn, Mn, and Cu; CuMnZn+] or diet without supplementation of microminerals [Zn, Mn, and Cu; CuMnZn-]). The factor CaP- was formulated without the addition of limestone and dicalcium phosphate, and the factor CuMnZn- was formulated without inorganic supplementation of microminerals (premix). The diets were isonitrogenous (13.3% CP). Intake was individually monitored every day. Indigestible NDF was used as an internal marker for digestibility estimates. The bulls were slaughtered (84 or 147 d on feed), and then carcass characteristics were measured and liver and rib samples were collected. Feed, feces, rib bones, and liver samples were analyzed for DM, ash, CP, ether extract (EE), Ca, P, Zn, Mn, and Cu. There were no significant interactions ( ≥ 0.06) between macro- and micromineral supplementation for any variables in the study. Calcium, P, and micromineral concentrations did not affect ( ≥ 0.20) intake of DM, OM, NDF, EE, CP, TDN, and nonfiber carbohydrates (NFC). Calcium and P intake were affected ( < 0.01) by macromineral factor. Animals fed without Ca and P supplementation consumed less of these minerals. Dry matter and nutrient fecal excretion (OM, NDF, EE, CP, and NFC) were similar ( ≥ 0.23) among all factors. Performance and carcass characteristics were similar ( ≥ 0.09) among diets. The content of ash in rib bones was not affected by diets ( ≥ 0.06). Plasma P and phosphatase alkaline concentrations were similar ( ≥ 0.52) among diets. Supplementation of microminerals decreased ( < 0.01) plasma Ca concentration; nevertheless, all analyzed blood metabolites were within the reference values. Supplementation of Ca and P increased ( < 0.01) fecal excretion of these minerals. These results indicate that mineral supplementation (Ca, P, Zn, Mn, and Cu) of conventional feedlot diets for Nellore bulls may be not necessary. Dietary reductions in these minerals would represent a decrease in the cost of feedlot diets. Dietary reduction in Ca and P content cause a decrease in fecal excretion of these minerals, which, in turn, represents an opportunity to reduce the environmental impact of feedlot operations.
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Batistel F, Osorio JS, Tariq MR, Li C, Caputo J, Socha MT, Loor JJ. Peripheral leukocyte and endometrium molecular biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress are altered in peripartal dairy cows supplemented with Zn, Mn, and Cu from amino acid complexes and Co from Co glucoheptonate. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2017; 8:33. [PMID: 28469842 PMCID: PMC5410708 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-017-0163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune dysfunction and a higher risk of uterine infections are characteristics of the transition into lactation in dairy cows. The supply of complexed trace minerals, which are more bioavailable, could help overcome the greater needs of these nutrients in tissues around parturition and early lactation. Results Twenty Holstein cows received an oral bolus with a mix of inorganic trace minerals (INO) or complexed trace minerals (AAC) to achieve 75, 65, 11, and 1 ppm supplemental Zn, Mn, Cu, and Co, respectively, in the total diet dry matter from -30 d through +30 d relative to parturition. Blood for polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) isolation was collected at -30, -15, +10, and + 30 d relative to parturition, whereas endometrium biopsies were performed at +14 and +30 d. Feeding AAC led to greater PMNL expression of genes related with inflammation response (DDX58), oxidative stress response (MPO), eicosanoid metabolism (PLA2G4A and ALOX5AP), transcription regulation (PPARG), and cellular adhesion (TLN1). The upregulation by AAC in endometrium of genes related with inflammation response (TLR2, TLR4, NFKB1, TNF, IL6, IL1B, IL10, IL8), prostaglandin synthesis (PTGS2, PTGES), and antioxidant responses (NFE2L2, SOD1) indicated a faster remodeling of uterine tissue and potentially greater capacity to control a local bacterial invasion. Conclusions Data indicate that trace mineral supplementation from amino acid complexes improves PMNL activity and allows the prompt recovery of uterine tissue during early lactation. As such, the benefits of complexed trace minerals extend beyond an improvement of liver function and productive performance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40104-017-0163-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Batistel
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Johan S Osorio
- Department of Dairy Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD USA
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Tariq
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801 USA.,Department of Food Science and Technology, University College of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Cong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jessica Caputo
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | | | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, 1207 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
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Dietz A, Weiss W, Faulkner M, Hogan J. Short communication: Effects of supplementing diets of Holsteins with copper, zinc, and manganese on blood neutrophil function. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:2201-2206. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sheikh AA, Aggarwal A, B I, Aarif O. Inorganic zinc supplementation modulates heat shock and immune response in heat stressed peripheral blood mononuclear cells of periparturient dairy cows. Theriogenology 2017; 95:75-82. [PMID: 28460683 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Thermal stress in India is one of the major constraints affecting dairy cattle productivity. Every attempt should be made to ameliorate the heat and calving related stress in high producing dairy cows for higher economic returns. In the current study, inorganic zinc was tried to alleviate the adverse effects of thermal stress in periparturient cows. Twelve cows, six each of Sahiwal and Karan Fries (KF) in their second parity with confirmed pregnancy were chosen for the experiment. The blood samples were collected periparturiently on three occasions viz. -21, 0 and +21 days relative to calving. The in vitro study was conducted after isolating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from whole blood. The cultured PBMC were subjected to three different levels of exposures viz. 37°C as control, 42°C to induce thermal stress and 42°C + zinc to ameliorate the adverse effects of high temperature. Heat shock lead to a significant (P<0.05) rise in the level of heat shock proteins (HSP). HSP was more on the day of calving as well. KF showed more HSP concentration than Sahiwal breed indicating the heat bearing capacity of later. Zinc treatment to thermally stressed PBMC caused a fall in the HSP concentration in both the breeds during periparturient period. Moreover, heat stress increased significantly (P<0.05) the Interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentration which declined upon zinc supplementation to PBMC. IL-6 levels decreased periparturiently. Heat and calving related stress caused a fall in the IL-12 levels which increased significantly (P<0.05) with zinc supplementation. These findings suggest that zinc supplementation attenuates the HSP response and augments immunity in PBMC of periparturient dairy cows. The study could help to alleviate the heat stress and potentiate immunity by providing mineral supplements in periparturient dairy cattle habituating tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasif Ahmad Sheikh
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India.
| | - Anjali Aggarwal
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Indu B
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ovais Aarif
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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Liu B, Xiong P, Chen N, He J, Lin G, Xue Y, Li W, Yu D. Effects of Replacing of Inorganic Trace Minerals by Organically Bound Trace Minerals on Growth Performance, Tissue Mineral Status, and Fecal Mineral Excretion in Commercial Grower-Finisher Pigs. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 173:316-24. [PMID: 26920735 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0658-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A total of 180 crossbred pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Large White; BW = 47.1 ± 4.8 kg) were used to investigate the effects of totally replacing inorganic trace minerals (ITMs) by organically bound trace minerals (OTMs) on growth performance, tissue mineral status, liver antioxidant enzyme activities, and fecal mineral excretion in grower-finisher pigs. A randomized complete block design with three treatments and six replicates (n = 10 pigs per pen) was used in this 69-day, 2-phase feeding trial. Experimental treatments were as follows: (1) a basal diet without trace mineral supplementation, (2) basal + ITMs (Fe, Mn, and Zn from sulfates, Cu oxychloride, and sodium selenite providing commercially recommended levels in China at 125, 22.5, 117.5, 30, and 0.3 mg/kg, respectively), and 3) basal + OTMs (Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu from Bioplex and Se as Sel-Plex (Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY) providing levels identical to ITMs). No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in ADG, ADFI, or G:F among the treatments during the entire grower-finisher period. Supplementation with minerals, regardless of source, increased (P < 0.05) the Fe, Cu, and Se levels in the plasma; Fe and Zn levels in the liver; and Se levels in heart. Furthermore, compared with ITM group, the concentration of Zn and Se in the liver and heart, and Se in plasma and longissimus muscle were greater (P < 0.05) in OTM group. Hepatic Cu/Zn-SOD and ALP activities were increased (P < 0.05) when either ITMs or OTMs were supplemented. Pigs supplemented with OTMs displayed greater activities of Cu/Zn-SOD, ALP, and GSH-Px in the liver compared to pigs supplemented with ITMs. Dietary mineral supplementation to pig diets greatly increased (P < 0.05) fecal mineral (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Se) excretion in both grower and finisher phases. Fecal concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Se excretion were lower (P < 0.05) with OTMs supplementation than that in pigs fed diets containing ITMs. These results indicate that use of organic trace minerals, as well as no trace mineral supplementation, did not influence pig growth performance. Totally replacing ITMs by equivalent levels of OTMs could improve hepatic Cu/Zn-SOD, ALP, and GSH-Px activities and reduce fecal Mn, Cu, and Se excretion for grower-finisher pigs when supplemented at commercially recommended levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- ALLTECH-ZJU Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Research Alliance, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pingwen Xiong
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- ALLTECH-ZJU Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Research Alliance, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nana Chen
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- ALLTECH-ZJU Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Research Alliance, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junna He
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- ALLTECH-ZJU Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Research Alliance, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Lin
- ALLTECH-ZJU Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Research Alliance, Hangzhou, China
- Alltech Biological Products (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xue
- ALLTECH-ZJU Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Research Alliance, Hangzhou, China
- Alltech Biological Products (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Weifen Li
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- ALLTECH-ZJU Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Research Alliance, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongyou Yu
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- ALLTECH-ZJU Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Research Alliance, Hangzhou, China.
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Ganda E, Bisinotto R, Vasquez A, Teixeira A, Machado V, Foditsch C, Bicalho M, Lima F, Stephens L, Gomes M, Dias J, Bicalho R. Effects of injectable trace mineral supplementation in lactating dairy cows with elevated somatic cell counts. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:7319-7329. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-10989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wang H, Liu Z, Huang M, Wang S, Cui D, Dong S, Li S, Qi Z, Liu Y. Effects of Long-Term Mineral Block Supplementation on Antioxidants, Immunity, and Health of Tibetan Sheep. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 172:326-335. [PMID: 26689930 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0593-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tibetan sheep have been observed with mineral deficiencies and marginal deficiencies in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Adequate amounts of essential minerals are critical to maximize the productivity and health of livestock. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of 6 months of mineral block supplementation on the antioxidants, immunity, and health of Tibetan sheep. The study was conducted in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The consumed values of mineral blocks were measured. Blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment to evaluate the trace elements, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) activities, and antioxidant enzyme activities. Additionally, levels of IgA, IgG, IgM, IL-2, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), triiodothyronine (T3), tyroxine (T4), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were determined. The toxic effects of the mineral block were also monitored. For Tibetan sheep, the average consumed value of mineral block was 13.09 g per day per sheep. Mineral block supplementation significantly increased the serum levels of Mn, Fe, and Se (P < 0.01), decreased the level of MDA (P < 0.05), and increased GSH activity (P < 0.05). Additionally, the mineral block-treated sheep blood had greater total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activities (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) than control sheep. Moreover, the mineral block supplementation improved the levels IgA, IgM, and IGF-1 (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Additionally, there were no significant histopathological changes in the organs of Tibetan sheep after long-term treatment with the mineral block. The results demonstrated that the mineral block was non-toxic and safe; the protective effects of the mineral block might be caused by an increase in the antioxidant defense system, as well as an increase in the benefits from immunity-related parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiqi Liu
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meizhou Huang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Shengyi Wang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Dongan Cui
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Shuwei Dong
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Shengkun Li
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Zhiming Qi
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Yongming Liu
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China.
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Khorsandi S, Riasi A, Khorvash M, Mahyari SA, Mohammadpanah F, Ahmadi F. Lactation and reproductive performance of high producing dairy cows given sustained-release multi-trace element/vitamin ruminal bolus under heat stress condition. Livest Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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López-Alonso M, Rey-Crespo F, Orjales I, Rodríguez-Bermúdez R, Miranda M. Effects of different strategies of mineral supplementation (marine algae alone or combined with rumen boluses) in organic dairy systems. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 100:836-43. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. López-Alonso
- Departamento de Patología Animal; Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; Lugo Spain
| | - F. Rey-Crespo
- Departamento de Patología Animal; Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; Lugo Spain
- Centro Tecnológico Agroalimentario de Lugo (CETAL); Lugo Spain
| | - I. Orjales
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias; Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; Lugo Spain
| | | | - M. Miranda
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas Veterinarias; Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; Lugo Spain
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Osorio J, Trevisi E, Li C, Drackley J, Socha M, Loor J. Supplementing Zn, Mn, and Cu from amino acid complexes and Co from cobalt glucoheptonate during the peripartal period benefits postpartal cow performance and blood neutrophil function. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:1868-1883. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Buitenhuis B, Poulsen NA, Larsen LB, Sehested J. Estimation of genetic parameters and detection of quantitative trait loci for minerals in Danish Holstein and Danish Jersey milk. BMC Genet 2015; 16:52. [PMID: 25989905 PMCID: PMC4438472 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-015-0209-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine milk provides important minerals, essential for human nutrition and dairy product quality. For changing the mineral composition of the milk to improve dietary needs in human nutrition and technological properties of milk, a thorough understanding of the genetics underlying milk mineral contents is important. Therefore the aim of this study was to 1) estimate the genetic parameters for individual minerals in Danish Holstein (DH) (n=371) and Danish Jersey (DJ) (n=321) milk, and 2) detect genomic regions associated with mineral content in the milk using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach. RESULTS For DH, high heritabilities were found for Ca (0.72), Zn (0.49), and P (0.46), while for DJ, high heritabilities were found for Ca (0.63), Zn (0.57), and Mg (0.57). Furthermore, intermediate heritabilities were found for Cu in DH, and for K, Na, P and Se in the DJ. The GWAS revealed a total of 649 significant SNP markers detected for Ca (24), Cu (90), Fe (111), Mn (3), Na (1), P (4), Se (12) and Zn (404) in DH, while for DJ, a total of 787 significant SNP markers were detected for Ca (44), Fe (43), K (498), Na (4), Mg (1), P (94) and Zn (3). Comparing the list of significant markers between DH and DJ revealed that the SNP ARS-BFGL-NGS-4939 was common in both breeds for Zn. This SNP marker is closely linked to the DGAT1 gene. Even though we found significant SNP markers on BTA14 in both DH and DJ for Ca, and Fe these significant SNPs did not overlap. CONCLUSION The results show that Ca, Zn, P and Mg show high heritabilities. In combination with the GWAS results this opens up possibilities to select for specific minerals in bovine milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Buitenhuis
- Aarhus University, Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830, Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Nina A Poulsen
- Aarhus University, Department of Food Science, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830, Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Lotte B Larsen
- Aarhus University, Department of Food Science, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830, Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Jakob Sehested
- Aarhus University, Department of Animal Science, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. Box 50, DK-8830, Tjele, Denmark.
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Abuelo A, Hernández J, Benedito JL, Castillo C. The importance of the oxidative status of dairy cattle in the periparturient period: revisiting antioxidant supplementation. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2014; 99:1003-16. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Abuelo
- Department of Animal Pathology; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Santiago de Compostela; Lugo Spain
| | - J. Hernández
- Department of Animal Pathology; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Santiago de Compostela; Lugo Spain
| | - J. L. Benedito
- Department of Animal Pathology; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Santiago de Compostela; Lugo Spain
| | - C. Castillo
- Department of Animal Pathology; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Santiago de Compostela; Lugo Spain
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