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Retana Moreira L, Cornet-Gomez A, Sepulveda MR, Molina-Castro S, Alvarado-Ocampo J, Chaves Monge F, Jara Rojas M, Osuna A, Abrahams Sandí E. Providing an in vitro depiction of microglial cells challenged with immunostimulatory extracellular vesicles of Naegleria fowleri. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1346021. [PMID: 38374922 PMCID: PMC10876093 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1346021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Naegleria fowleri is the causative agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, a rapid and acute infection of the central nervous system with a fatal outcome in >97% of cases. Due to the infrequent report of cases and diagnostic gaps that hinder the possibility of recovering clinic isolates, studies related to pathogenesis of the disease are scarce. However, the secretion of cytolytic molecules has been proposed as a factor involved in the progression of the infection. Several of these molecules could be included in extracellular vesicles (EVs), making them potential virulence factors and even modulators of the immune response in this infection. In this work, we evaluated the immunomodulatory effect of EVs secreted by two clinic isolates of Naegleria fowleri using in vitro models. For this purpose, characterization analyses between EVs produced by both isolates were first performed, for subsequent gene transcription analyses post incubation of these vesicles with primary cultures from mouse cell microglia and BV-2 cells. Analyses of morphological changes induced in primary culture microglia cells by the vesicles were also included, as well as the determination of the presence of nucleic acids of N. fowleri in the EV fractions. Results revealed increased expression of NOS, proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-23, and the regulatory cytokine IL-10 in primary cultures of microglia, as well as increased expression of NOS and IL-13 in BV-2 cells. Morphologic changes from homeostatic microglia, with small cellular body and long processes to a more amoeboid morphology were also observed after the incubation of these cells with EVs. Regarding the presence of nucleic acids, specific Naegleria fowleri DNA that could be amplified using both conventional and qPCR was confirmed in the EV fractions. Altogether, these results confirm the immunomodulatory effects of EVs of Naegleria fowleri over microglial cells and suggest a potential role of these vesicles as biomarkers of primary acute meningoencephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lissette Retana Moreira
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Alberto Cornet-Gomez
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Parasitología Molecular (CTS 183), Departamento de Parasitología, Campus de Fuentenueva, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M. Rosario Sepulveda
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Silvia Molina-Castro
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud (INISA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Johan Alvarado-Ocampo
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Frida Chaves Monge
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Mariana Jara Rojas
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Antonio Osuna
- Grupo de Bioquímica y Parasitología Molecular (CTS 183), Departamento de Parasitología, Campus de Fuentenueva, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Elizabeth Abrahams Sandí
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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2
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Zhuang T, Abuzeid AMI, Chen X, Zhu S, Li G. In vitro immunoregulatory role of recombinant Ancylostoma ceylanicum calreticulin. PARASITES, HOSTS AND DISEASES 2024; 62:75-84. [PMID: 38443772 PMCID: PMC10915272 DOI: 10.3347/phd.23108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Ancylostoma ceylanicum is a zoonotic soil-derived nematode that parasitizes the intestines of humans and animals (dogs and cats), leading to malnutrition and iron-deficiency anemia. Helminth parasites secrete calreticulin (CRT), which regulates or blocks the host's immune response. However, no data on A. ceylanicum calreticulin (Ace-CRT) are available. We investigated the biological function of recombinant Ace-CRT (rAce-CRT). rAce-CRT showed reliable antigenicity and stimulated the proliferation of mouse splenocytes and canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR assays revealed that rAce-CRT primarily promoted the expression of T helper 2 cytokines, particularly IL-13, in canine peripheral blood lymphocytes. rAce-CRT inhibited complement-mediated sheep erythrocyte hemolysis in vitro. Our findings indicate that Ace-CRT plays an immunomodulatory role and may be a promising candidate molecule for a hookworm vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhuang
- Guangdong Provincial Zoonosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510542,
China
| | - Asmaa M. I. Abuzeid
- Guangdong Provincial Zoonosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510542,
China
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522,
Egypt
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Zoonosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510542,
China
| | - Shilan Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Zoonosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510542,
China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Zoonosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510542,
China
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Li H, He C, Zhu R, Chen FM, Wang L, Leung FP, Tian XY, Tse G, Wong WT. Type 2 cytokines promote angiogenesis in ischemic muscle via endothelial IL-4Rα signaling. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112964. [PMID: 37556326 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet current trials on therapeutic angiogenesis remain suboptimal. Type 2 immunity is critical for post-ischemic regeneration, but its regulatory role in revascularization is poorly characterized. Here, we show that type 2 cytokines, interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13), are the key mediators in post-ischemic angiogenesis. IL-4/IL-13-deficient mice exhibit impaired reperfusion and muscle repair in an experimental model of PAD. We find that deletion of IL-4Rα in the endothelial compartment, rather than the myeloid compartment, leads to remarkable impairment in revascularization. Mechanistically, IL-4/IL-13 promote endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation via IL-4Rα/STAT6 signaling. Furthermore, attenuated IL-4/IL-13 expression is associated with the angiogenesis deficit in the setting of diabetic PAD, while IL-4/IL-13 treatment rescues this defective regeneration. Our findings reveal the therapeutic potential of type 2 cytokines in treating patients with muscle ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixian Li
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Chufeng He
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ruiwen Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Francis M Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Fung Ping Leung
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiao Yu Tian
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Gary Tse
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong 999077, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Wing Tak Wong
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
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4
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Miyake K, Ito J, Nakabayashi J, Shichino S, Ishiwata K, Karasuyama H. Single cell transcriptomics clarifies the basophil differentiation trajectory and identifies pre-basophils upstream of mature basophils. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2694. [PMID: 37202383 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Basophils are the rarest granulocytes and are recognized as critical cells for type 2 immune responses. However, their differentiation pathway remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we assess the ontogenetic trajectory of basophils by single-cell RNA sequence analysis. Combined with flow cytometric and functional analyses, we identify c-Kit-CLEC12Ahi pre-basophils located downstream of pre-basophil and mast cell progenitors (pre-BMPs) and upstream of CLEC12Alo mature basophils. The transcriptomic analysis predicts that the pre-basophil population includes previously-defined basophil progenitor (BaP)-like cells in terms of gene expression profile. Pre-basophils are highly proliferative and respond better to non-IgE stimuli but less to antigen plus IgE stimulation than do mature basophils. Although pre-basophils usually remain in the bone marrow, they emerge in helminth-infected tissues, probably through IL-3-mediated inhibition of their retention in the bone marrow. Thus, the present study identifies pre-basophils that bridge the gap between pre-BMPs and mature basophils during basophil ontogeny.
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Grants
- 20K16277 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 22K007115 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 22H05064 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 19H01025 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- 22H02845 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
- JP21gm6210025 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED)
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Miyake
- Inflammation, Infection & Immunity Laboratory, Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Junya Ito
- Inflammation, Infection & Immunity Laboratory, Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Nakabayashi
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Shichino
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishiwata
- Department of Tropical Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Karasuyama
- Inflammation, Infection & Immunity Laboratory, Advanced Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Finlay CM, Parkinson JE, Zhang L, Chan BHK, Ajendra J, Chenery A, Morrison A, Kaymak I, Houlder EL, Murtuza Baker S, Dickie BR, Boon L, Konkel JE, Hepworth MR, MacDonald AS, Randolph GJ, Rückerl D, Allen JE. T helper 2 cells control monocyte to tissue-resident macrophage differentiation during nematode infection of the pleural cavity. Immunity 2023; 56:1064-1081.e10. [PMID: 36948193 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The recent revolution in tissue-resident macrophage biology has resulted largely from murine studies performed in C57BL/6 mice. Here, using both C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice, we analyze immune cells in the pleural cavity. Unlike C57BL/6 mice, naive tissue-resident large-cavity macrophages (LCMs) of BALB/c mice failed to fully implement the tissue-residency program. Following infection with a pleural-dwelling nematode, these pre-existing differences were accentuated with LCM expansion occurring in C57BL/6, but not in BALB/c mice. While infection drove monocyte recruitment in both strains, only in C57BL/6 mice were monocytes able to efficiently integrate into the resident pool. Monocyte-to-macrophage conversion required both T cells and interleukin-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Rα) signaling. The transition to tissue residency altered macrophage function, and GATA6+ tissue-resident macrophages were required for host resistance to nematode infection. Therefore, during tissue nematode infection, T helper 2 (Th2) cells control the differentiation pathway of resident macrophages, which determines infection outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor M Finlay
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Trinity Health Kidney Centre, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College, Dublin D08 W9RT, Ireland.
| | - James E Parkinson
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Lili Zhang
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Brian H K Chan
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jesuthas Ajendra
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Alistair Chenery
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Anya Morrison
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Irem Kaymak
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Emma L Houlder
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Syed Murtuza Baker
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Ben R Dickie
- Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Group, University of Manchester, Salford M6 8HD, UK
| | | | - Joanne E Konkel
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Matthew R Hepworth
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Gwendalyn J Randolph
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dominik Rückerl
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Judith E Allen
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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6
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Abstract
Type 2 immunity mediates protective responses to helminths and pathological responses to allergens, but it also has broad roles in the maintenance of tissue integrity, including wound repair. Type 2 cytokines are known to promote fibrosis, an overzealous repair response, but their contribution to healthy wound repair is less well understood. This review discusses the evidence that the canonical type 2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-13, are integral to the tissue repair process through two main pathways. First, essential for the progression of effective tissue repair, IL-4 and IL-13 suppress the initial inflammatory response to injury. Second, these cytokines regulate how the extracellular matrix is modified, broken down, and rebuilt for effective repair. IL-4 and/or IL-13 amplifies multiple aspects of the tissue repair response, but many of these pathways are highly redundant and can be induced by other signals. Therefore, the exact contribution of IL-4Rα signaling remains difficult to unravel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith E Allen
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation and Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom;
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7
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Matsuzaki S, Pouly JL, Canis M. IL-10 is not anti-fibrotic but pro-fibrotic in endometriosis: IL-10 treatment of endometriotic stromal cells in vitro promotes myofibroblast proliferation and collagen type I protein expression. Hum Reprod 2023; 38:14-29. [PMID: 36413036 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is interleukin-10 (IL-10) anti-fibrotic in endometriosis? SUMMARY ANSWER IL-10 is not anti-fibrotic but pro-fibrotic in endometriosis, because IL-10 treatment of endometriotic stromal cells in vitro promotes myofibroblast proliferation and collagen type I protein expression. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY We previously showed that persistent activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) via IL-6 trans-signaling promotes fibrosis of endometriosis. Studies showed marked anti-fibrotic effects of IL-10 via the STAT3 signaling pathway, which is generally considered to be anti-inflammatory, in various organs. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Endometrial and/or endometriotic samples of 54 patients who had histological evidence of deep endometriosis, and endometrial samples from 30 healthy fertile women were analyzed. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The effects of IL-10/STAT3 signaling as well as inhibition of STAT3 activation by knockdown of STAT3 gene on the pro-fibrotic phenotype in endometrial and endometriotic stromal cells in vitro were investigated. Then, the effects of various time points of IL-10 treatment in combination with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and/or IL-6/soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) on the profibrotic phenotype of endometrial and endometriotic stromal cells were investigated. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE IL-10 induced pro-fibrotic phenotype (cell proliferation, collagen type I synthesis, α-smooth muscle actin positive stress fibers and collagen gel contraction) of endometriotic stromal cells. Knockdown of STAT3 gene decreased the IL-10 induced pro-fibrotic phenotype of endometriotic stromal cells. In contrast, IL-10 had no significant effects on pro-fibrotic phenotype of endometrial stromal cells of healthy women. Sequential IL-10 treatment with or without TGF-β1 and/or IL-6/sIL-6R induced persistent activation of STAT3 and significantly increased proliferation of myofibroblasts (cells with α-smooth muscle actin positive stress fibers) and protein expression of collagen type I in endometriotic stromal cells. TGF-β1 and/or IL-6/sIL6RIL-6/sIL6R treatment significantly increased tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) protein expression, whereas IL-10 had no significant effects. Knockdown of STAT3 gene significantly decreased the TGF-β1 and/or IL-6/sIL6R induced TIMP1 protein expression. In contrast, pre-treatment with IL-10 before TGF-β1 and/or IL-6/sIL-6R treatment and sequential IL-10 treatment with or without TGF-β1 and/or IL-6/sIL-6R significantly decreased proliferation of fibroblasts (cells without α-smooth muscle actin positive stress fibers) and collagen type I protein expression in endometrial stromal cells of healthy women. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Given the large number of complex interactions and signaling pathways of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators that are involved in the pathophysiology of endometriosis, the present study investigated only a very small portion of the whole. Further in vivo studies are required to validate the present findings. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Inflammatory mediators in the pathophysiology of endometriosis have been extensively investigated as potential therapeutic targets. However, the present study showed that anti-inflammatory signals of IL-10 and IL-6 through persistent STAT3 activation may promote endometriosis fibrosis. Therapeutic strategies, such as suppression of 'inflammation', might dysregulate the cross-regulation of 'pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators', leading to detrimental effects in patients with endometriosis, such as fibrosis. To develop new, but not deleterious, therapeutic strategies, studies are required to investigate whether, how and what 'anti-inflammatory mediators' along with pro-inflammatory mediators are involved in individual patients with endometriosis. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported in part by KARL STORZ SE & Co. KG (Tuttlingen, Germany). The authors have no conflict of interest to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Matsuzaki
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Chirurgie Gynécologique, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Pascal, UMR6602, CNRS/UCA/SIGMA, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Luc Pouly
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Chirurgie Gynécologique, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Pascal, UMR6602, CNRS/UCA/SIGMA, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Michel Canis
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Chirurgie Gynécologique, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut Pascal, UMR6602, CNRS/UCA/SIGMA, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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8
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Inclan-Rico JM, Rossi HL, Herbert DR. "Every cell is an immune cell; contributions of non-hematopoietic cells to anti-helminth immunity". Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1199-1211. [PMID: 35538230 PMCID: PMC9646929 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00518-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Helminths are remarkably successful parasites that can invade various mammalian hosts and establish chronic infections that can go unnoticed for years despite causing severe tissue damage. To complete their life cycles, helminths migrate through multiple barrier sites that are densely populated by a complex array of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. While it is clear that type 2 cytokine responses elicited by immune cells promote worm clearance and tissue healing, the actions of non-hematopoietic cells are increasingly recognized as initiators, effectors and regulators of anti-helminth immunity. This review will highlight the collective actions of specialized epithelial cells, stromal niches, stem, muscle and neuroendocrine cells as well as peripheral neurons in the detection and elimination of helminths at mucosal sites. Studies dissecting the interactions between immune and non-hematopoietic cells will truly provide a better understanding of the mechanisms that ensure homeostasis in the context of helminth infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Inclan-Rico
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Heather L Rossi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - De'Broski R Herbert
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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9
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Vacca F, Le Gros G. Tissue-specific immunity in helminth infections. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1212-1223. [PMID: 35680972 PMCID: PMC9178325 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00531-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A characteristic feature of host responses to helminth infections is the development of profound systemic and tissue-localised Type 2 immune responses that play critical roles in immunity, tissue repair and tolerance of the parasite at tissue sites. These same Type 2 responses are also seen in the tissue-associated immune-pathologies seen in asthma, atopic dermatitis and many forms of allergies. The recent identification of new subtypes of immune cells and cytokine pathways that influence both immune and non-immune cells and tissues creates the opportunity for reviewing helminth parasite-host responses in the context of tissue specific immunity. This review focuses on the new discoveries of the cells and cytokines involved in tissue specific immune responses to helminths and how these contribute to host immunity against helminth infection and allow the host to accommodate the presence of parasites when they cannot be eliminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Vacca
- grid.250086.90000 0001 0740 0291Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Graham Le Gros
- grid.250086.90000 0001 0740 0291Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
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10
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IL-33: A central cytokine in helminth infections. Semin Immunol 2021; 53:101532. [PMID: 34823996 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
IL-33 is an alarmin cytokine which has been implicated in allergy, fibrosis, inflammation, tumorigenesis, metabolism, and homeostasis. However, amongst its strongest roles are in helminth infections, where IL-33 usually (but not always) is central to induction of an effective anti-parasitic immune response. In this review, we will summarise the literature around this fascinating cytokine, its activity on immune and non-immune cells, the unique (and sometimes counterintuitive) responses it induces, and how it can coordinate the immune response during infections by parasitic helminths. Finally, we will summarise some of the ways that parasites have developed to modulate the IL-33 pathway for their own benefit.
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11
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Dietary protein supplementation results in molecular and cellular changes related to T helper type 2 immunity in the lung and small intestine in lactating rats re-infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Parasitology 2021; 149:337-346. [PMID: 35264261 PMCID: PMC10090644 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021001876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Acquired immunity to gastrointestinal nematodes reduces during late pregnancy and lactation which is known as periparturient relaxation of immunity (PPRI). Protein supplementation reduces the degree of PPRI in a rat model re-infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, but the underlying molecular mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. Here, we hypothesized that protein supplementation will enhance T helper type 2 immunity (Th2) in the lung and small intestine. Nulliparous Sprague-Dawley rats were given a primary infection of N. brasiliensis prior to mating and restrictedly fed diets with either low protein (LP) or high protein (HP) during pregnancy and lactation. Dams were secondary infected with N. brasiliensis on day 2 post-parturition, and histology and gene expression were analysed for tissue samples collected at days 5, 8 and 11. Genes related to Th2 immunity in the lung, Retnla, Il13 and Mmp12, and in the intestine, Retnlb, were upregulated in HP dams compared to LP dams, which indicates the effect of dietary protein on Th2 immunity. HP dams also had increased splenic CD68+ macrophage populations compared to LP dams following secondary infection, suggesting enhanced immunity at a cellular level. Our data assist to define strategic utilization of nutrient supply in mammals undergoing reproductive and lactational efforts.
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Donlan AN, Sutherland TE, Marie C, Preissner S, Bradley BT, Carpenter RM, Sturek JM, Ma JZ, Moreau GB, Donowitz JR, Buck GA, Serrano MG, Burgess SL, Abhyankar MM, Mura C, Bourne PE, Preissner R, Young MK, Lyons GR, Loomba JJ, Ratcliffe SJ, Poulter MD, Mathers AJ, Day AJ, Mann BJ, Allen JE, Petri WA. IL-13 is a driver of COVID-19 severity. JCI Insight 2021; 6:150107. [PMID: 34185704 PMCID: PMC8410056 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.150107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune dysregulation is characteristic of the more severe stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Understanding the mechanisms by which the immune system contributes to COVID-19 severity may open new avenues to treatment. Here, we report that elevated IL-13 was associated with the need for mechanical ventilation in 2 independent patient cohorts. In addition, patients who acquired COVID-19 while prescribed Dupilumab, a mAb that blocks IL-13 and IL-4 signaling, had less severe disease. In SARS-CoV-2-infected mice, IL-13 neutralization reduced death and disease severity without affecting viral load, demonstrating an immunopathogenic role for this cytokine. Following anti-IL-13 treatment in infected mice, hyaluronan synthase 1 (Has1) was the most downregulated gene, and accumulation of the hyaluronan (HA) polysaccharide was decreased in the lung. In patients with COVID-19, HA was increased in the lungs and plasma. Blockade of the HA receptor, CD44, reduced mortality in infected mice, supporting the importance of HA as a pathogenic mediator. Finally, HA was directly induced in the lungs of mice by administration of IL-13, indicating a new role for IL-13 in lung disease. Understanding the role of IL-13 and HA has important implications for therapy of COVID-19 and, potentially, other pulmonary diseases. IL-13 levels were elevated in patients with severe COVID-19. In a mouse model of the disease, IL-13 neutralization reduced the disease and decreased lung HA deposition. Administration of IL-13-induced HA in the lung. Blockade of the HA receptor CD44 prevented mortality, highlighting a potentially novel mechanism for IL-13-mediated HA synthesis in pulmonary pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra N. Donlan
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine and
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Tara E. Sutherland
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Chelsea Marie
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine and
| | - Saskia Preissner
- Department Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin T. Bradley
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rebecca M. Carpenter
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine and
| | - Jeffrey M. Sturek
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and
| | - Jennie Z. Ma
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - G. Brett Moreau
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine and
| | - Jeffrey R. Donowitz
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine and
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Richmond and
| | - Gregory A. Buck
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Myrna G. Serrano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Stacey L. Burgess
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine and
| | - Mayuresh M. Abhyankar
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine and
| | - Cameron Mura
- School of Data Science and Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Philip E. Bourne
- School of Data Science and Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Robert Preissner
- Science-IT and Institute of Physiology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mary K. Young
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine and
| | - Genevieve R. Lyons
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Sarah J. Ratcliffe
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Melinda D. Poulter
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Amy J. Mathers
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine and
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Anthony J. Day
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara J. Mann
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine and
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Judith E. Allen
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - William A. Petri
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine and
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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