1
|
LYu P, Pan H, Hu K, Xue Y, Li Q, Lin R, Zheng S, Guo Z, Guo K. The LEPIS-HuR-TMOD4 axis regulates hepatic cholesterol homeostasis and accelerates atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2024; 393:117554. [PMID: 38663275 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in the progression of atherosclerosis. In this study, we identified an uncharacterized lncRNA, Liver Expressions by PSRC1 Induced Specifically (LEPIS). This study aimed to clarify the mechanism though which LEPIS affects atherosclerosis (AS). METHODS The expression of LEPIS and its potential target, tropomodulin 4 (TMOD4), was increased in the livers of ApoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). An ApoE-/- mouse model in which LEPIS or TMOD4 was overexpressed in the liver was established. The plaque load in the aorta was assessed, plasma was collected to measure blood lipid levels, and the liver was collected to study cholesterol metabolism. RESULTS We found that both LEPIS and TMOD4 increased the AS burden and reduced hepatic cholesterol levels. A further study revealed that LEPIS and TMOD4 affected the expression of genes related to hepatic cholesterol homeostasis, including proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), which are closely related to hypercholesterolemia. Mechanistically, human antigen R (HuR), an RNA-binding protein (RBP), was shown to be critical for the regulation of TMOD4 by LEPIS. Furthermore, we found that verexpression of LEPIS promoted the shuttling of HuR from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, enhanced the stability of TMOD4 mRNA, and in turn promoted the expression of TMOD4. In addition, TMOD4 was found to affect intracellular cholesterol levels through PCSK9. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the LEPIS-HuR-TMOD4 axis is a potential intervention target for dysregulated hepatic cholesterol homeostasis and AS and may provide the basis for further reductions in the circulating LDL-C concentration and arterial plaque burden.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Cholesterol/metabolism
- Cholesterol/blood
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- ELAV-Like Protein 1/metabolism
- ELAV-Like Protein 1/genetics
- Homeostasis
- Liver/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Proprotein Convertase 9/metabolism
- Proprotein Convertase 9/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/metabolism
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping LYu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hangyu Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kexin Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yazhi Xue
- Department of General Practice, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinxian Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongzhan Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoyi Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Huiqiao Medical Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ashour K, Sali S, Aldoukhi AH, Hall D, Mubaid S, Busque S, Lian XJ, Gagné JP, Khattak S, Di Marco S, Poirier GG, Gallouzi IE. pADP-ribosylation regulates the cytoplasmic localization, cleavage, and pro-apoptotic function of HuR. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302316. [PMID: 38538092 PMCID: PMC10972696 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
HuR (ElavL1) is one of the main post-transcriptional regulators that determines cell fate. Although the role of HuR in apoptosis is well established, the post-translational modifications that govern this function remain elusive. In this study, we show that PARP1/2-mediated poly(ADP)-ribosylation (PARylation) is instrumental in the pro-apoptotic function of HuR. During apoptosis, a substantial reduction in HuR PARylation is observed. This results in the cytoplasmic accumulation and the cleavage of HuR, both of which are essential events for apoptosis. These effects are mediated by a pADP-ribose-binding motif within the HuR-HNS region (HuR PAR-binding site). Under normal conditions, the association of the HuR PAR-binding site with pADP-ribose is responsible for the nuclear retention of HuR. Mutations within this motif prevent the binding of HuR to its import factor TRN2, leading to its cytoplasmic accumulation and cleavage. Collectively, our findings underscore the role of PARylation in controlling the pro-apoptotic function of HuR, offering insight into the mechanism by which PARP1/2 enzymes regulate cell fate and adaptation to various assaults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kholoud Ashour
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Medical Laboratory Technology, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sujitha Sali
- https://ror.org/01q3tbs38 KAUST Smart-Health Initiative (KSHI) and Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H Aldoukhi
- https://ror.org/01q3tbs38 KAUST Smart-Health Initiative (KSHI) and Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Derek Hall
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Souad Mubaid
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sandrine Busque
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Xian Jin Lian
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Gagné
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Pavillon CHUL, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Shahryar Khattak
- https://ror.org/01q3tbs38 KAUST Smart-Health Initiative (KSHI) and Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sergio Di Marco
- https://ror.org/01q3tbs38 KAUST Smart-Health Initiative (KSHI) and Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Guy G Poirier
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Pavillon CHUL, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Imed-Eddine Gallouzi
- https://ror.org/01q3tbs38 KAUST Smart-Health Initiative (KSHI) and Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhong X, Wang K, Wang Y, Wang L, Wang S, Huang W, Jia Z, Dai SS, Huang Z. Angiotension II directly bind P2X7 receptor to induce myocardial ferroptosis and remodeling by activating human antigen R. Redox Biol 2024; 72:103154. [PMID: 38626575 PMCID: PMC11035111 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Continuous remodeling of the heart can result in adverse events such as reduced myocardial function and heart failure. Available evidence indicates that ferroptosis is a key process in the emergence of cardiac disease. P2 family purinergic receptor P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) activation plays a crucial role in numerous aspects of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to elucidate any potential interactions between P2X7R and ferroptosis in cardiac remodeling stimulated by angiotensin II (Ang II), and P2X7R knockout mice were utilized to explore the role of P2X7R and elucidate its underlying mechanism through molecular biological methods. Ferroptosis is involved in cardiac remodeling, and P2X7R deficiency significantly alleviates cardiac dysfunction, remodeling, and ferroptosis induced by Ang II. Mechanistically, Ang II interacts with P2X7R directly, and LYS-66 and MET-212 in the in the ATP binding pocket form a binding complex with Ang II. P2X7R blockade influences HuR-targeted GPX4 and HO-1 mRNA stability by affecting the shuttling of HuR from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and its expression. These results suggest that focusing on P2X7R could be a possible therapeutic approach for the management of hypertensive heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhong
- Department of Cardiology and the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of WenZhou Medical University, WenZhou, ZheJiang, China
| | - Kangwei Wang
- Department of Cardiology and the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of WenZhou Medical University, WenZhou, ZheJiang, China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- Department of Physical Education, WenZhou Medical University, WenZhou, ZheJiang, China
| | - Luya Wang
- Department of Cardiology and the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of WenZhou Medical University, WenZhou, ZheJiang, China
| | - Sudan Wang
- Department of Respiratory, Wenzhou People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, WenZhou, ZheJiang, China
| | - Weijian Huang
- Department of Cardiology and the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of WenZhou Medical University, WenZhou, ZheJiang, China
| | - Zhuyin Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shan-Shan Dai
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, WenZhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zhouqing Huang
- Department of Cardiology and the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of WenZhou Medical University, WenZhou, ZheJiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Long J, Zhao W, Xiang Y, Wang Y, Xiang W, Liu X, Jiang M, Song Y, Hu J. STAT3 promotes cytoplasmic-nuclear translocation of RNA-binding protein HuR to inhibit IL-1β-induced IL-8 production. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112065. [PMID: 38608448 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) functions to regulate inflammation and immune response, but its mechanism is not fully understood. We report here that STAT3 inhibitors Stattic and Niclosamide up-regulated IL-1β-induced IL-8 production in C33A, CaSki, and Siha cervical cancer cells. As expected, IL-1β-induced IL-8 production was also up-regulated through the molecular inhibition of STAT3 by use of CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Unexpectedly, IL-1β induced IL-8 production via activating ERK and P38 signal pathways, but neither STAT3 inhibitors nor STAT3 knockout affected IL-1β-induced signal transduction, suggesting that STAT3 decreases IL-8 production not via inhibition of signal transduction. To our surprise, STAT3 inhibition increased the stabilization, and decreased the degradation of IL-8 mRNA, suggesting a post-transcriptional regulation of IL-1β-induced IL-8. Moreover, Dihydrotanshinone I, an inhibitor of RNA-binding protein HuR, down-regulated IL-1β-induced IL-8 dose-dependently. HuR inhibition by CRISPR/Cas9 also decreased IL-8 production induced by IL-1β. Mechanistically, co-immunoprecipitation results showed that STAT3 did not react with HuR directly, but STAT3 inhibition increased the protein levels of HuR in cytoplasm. And IL-6 activation of STAT3 induced HuR cytoplasmic-nuclear transport. Taken together, these results suggest that STAT3 contributes to HuR nuclear localization and inhibits Il-1β-induced IL-8 production through this non-transcriptional mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangwen Long
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital of Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Wang Zhao
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital of Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yangen Xiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital of Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital of Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China; Medical Research Center, Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital of Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital of Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China; Medical Research Center, Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital of Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Xueting Liu
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital of Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Manli Jiang
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital of Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yinghui Song
- Central Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410005, China
| | - Jinyue Hu
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital of Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
O'Reilly ME, Ho S, Coronel J, Zhu L, Liu W, Xue C, Kim E, Cynn E, Matias CV, Soni RK, Wang C, Ionita-Laza I, Bauer RC, Ross L, Zhang Y, Corvera S, Fried SK, Reilly MP. linc-ADAIN, a human adipose lincRNA, regulates adipogenesis by modulating KLF5 and IL-8 mRNA stability. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114240. [PMID: 38753486 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue remodeling and dysfunction, characterized by elevated inflammation and insulin resistance, play a central role in obesity-related development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases. Long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) are important regulators of cellular functions. Here, we describe the functions of linc-ADAIN (adipose anti-inflammatory), an adipose lincRNA that is downregulated in white adipose tissue of obese humans. We demonstrate that linc-ADAIN knockdown (KD) increases KLF5 and interleukin-8 (IL-8) mRNA stability and translation by interacting with IGF2BP2. Upregulation of KLF5 and IL-8, via linc-ADAIN KD, leads to an enhanced adipogenic program and adipose tissue inflammation, mirroring the obese state, in vitro and in vivo. KD of linc-ADAIN in human adipose stromal cell (ASC) hTERT adipocytes implanted into mice increases adipocyte size and macrophage infiltration compared to implanted control adipocytes, mimicking hallmark features of obesity-induced adipose tissue remodeling. linc-ADAIN is an anti-inflammatory lincRNA that limits adipose tissue expansion and lipid storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcella E O'Reilly
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sebastian Ho
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Johana Coronel
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lucie Zhu
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wen Liu
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chenyi Xue
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eunyoung Kim
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Esther Cynn
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caio V Matias
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar Soni
- Proteomics and Macromolecular Crystallography Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Statistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Iuliana Ionita-Laza
- Department of Statistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert C Bauer
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leila Ross
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Silvia Corvera
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Susan K Fried
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Patel H, Sheikh MS, Huang Y. ECRG2/SPINK7 Tumor Suppressor as Modulator of DNA Damage Response. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5854. [PMID: 38892042 PMCID: PMC11172197 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Esophageal Cancer-Related Gene 2 (ECRG2), also known as Serine Peptidase Inhibitor Kazal type 7 (SPINK7), is a novel tumor suppressor gene from the SPINK family of genes that exhibits anticancer potential. ECRG2 was originally identified during efforts to discover genes involved in esophageal tumorigenesis. ECRG2 was one of those genes whose expression was absent or reduced in primary human esophageal cancers. Additionally, absent or reduced ECRG2 expression was also noted in several other types of human malignancies. ECRG2 missense mutations were identified in various primary human cancers. It was reported that a cancer-derived ECRG2 mutant (valine to glutamic acid at position 30) failed to induce cell death and caspase activation triggered by DNA-damaging anticancer drugs. Furthermore, ECRG2 suppressed cancer cell proliferation in cultured cells and grafted tumors in animals and inhibited cancer cell migration/invasion and metastasis. ECRG2 also was identified as a negative regulator of Hu-antigen R (HuR), an oncogenic RNA-binding protein that is known to regulate mRNA stability and the expression of transcripts corresponding to many cancer-related genes. ECRG2 function is important also for the regulation of inflammatory responses and the maintenance of epithelial barrier integrity in the esophagus. More recently, ECRG2 was discovered as one of the newest members of the pro-apoptotic transcriptional targets of p53. Two p53-binding sites (BS-1 and BS-2) were found within the proximal region of the ECRG2 gene promoter; the treatment of DNA-damaging agents in cancer cells significantly increased p53 binding to the ECRG2 promoter and triggered a strong ECRG2 promoter induction following DNA damage. Further, the genetic depletion of ECRG2 expression significantly impeded apoptotic cell death induced by DNA damage and wild-type p53 in cancer cells. These findings suggest that the loss of ECRG2 expression, commonly observed in human cancers, could play important roles in conferring anticancer drug resistance in human cancers. Thus, ECRG2 is a novel regulator in DNA damage-induced cell death that may also be a potential target for anticancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Saeed Sheikh
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA;
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Graham SV. HPV and RNA Binding Proteins: What We Know and What Remains to Be Discovered. Viruses 2024; 16:783. [PMID: 38793664 PMCID: PMC11126060 DOI: 10.3390/v16050783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Papillomavirus gene regulation is largely post-transcriptional due to overlapping open reading frames and the use of alternative polyadenylation and alternative splicing to produce the full suite of viral mRNAs. These processes are controlled by a wide range of cellular RNA binding proteins (RPBs), including constitutive splicing factors and cleavage and polyadenylation machinery, but also factors that regulate these processes, for example, SR and hnRNP proteins. Like cellular RNAs, papillomavirus RNAs have been shown to bind many such proteins. The life cycle of papillomaviruses is intimately linked to differentiation of the epithelial tissues the virus infects. For example, viral late mRNAs and proteins are expressed only in the most differentiated epithelial layers to avoid recognition by the host immune response. Papillomavirus genome replication is linked to the DNA damage response and viral chromatin conformation, processes which also link to RNA processing. Challenges with respect to elucidating how RBPs regulate the viral life cycle include consideration of the orchestrated spatial aspect of viral gene expression in an infected epithelium and the epigenetic nature of the viral episomal genome. This review discusses RBPs that control viral gene expression, and how the connectivity of various nuclear processes might contribute to viral mRNA production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheila V Graham
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abdelsam SS, Ghanem SK, Zahid MA, Abunada HH, Bader L, Raïq H, Khan A, Parray A, Djouhri L, Agouni A. Human antigen R: Exploring its inflammatory response impact and significance in cardiometabolic disorders. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31229. [PMID: 38426269 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a crucial role in the regulation of posttranscriptional RNA networks, which can undergo dysregulation in many pathological conditions. Human antigen R (HuR) is a highly researched RBP that plays a crucial role as a posttranscriptional regulator. HuR plays a crucial role in the amplification of inflammatory signals by stabilizing the messenger RNA of diverse inflammatory mediators and key molecular players. The noteworthy correlations between HuR and its target molecules, coupled with the remarkable impacts reported on the pathogenesis and advancement of multiple diseases, position HuR as a promising candidate for therapeutic intervention in diverse inflammatory conditions. This review article examines the significance of HuR as a member of the RBP family, its regulatory mechanisms, and its implications in the pathophysiology of inflammation and cardiometabolic illnesses. Our objective is to illuminate potential directions for future research and drug development by conducting a comprehensive analysis of the existing body of research on HuR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahenda Salah Abdelsam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sarah Khalaf Ghanem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muhammad Ammar Zahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hanan H Abunada
- Office of Vice President for Research and Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Loulia Bader
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hicham Raïq
- Department of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abbas Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aijaz Parray
- The Neuroscience Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Laiche Djouhri
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, QU health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Office of Vice President for Medical & Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ding Z, Wu L, Sun Y, Zhu Y, Zuo Q, Yuan L, Wang C, Sun L, Xu Y, Zhang Y. Downregulated PDIA3P1 lncRNA Impairs Trophoblast Phenotype by Regulating Snail and SFRP1 in PE. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2024; 2024:8972022. [PMID: 38715918 PMCID: PMC11074859 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8972022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) manifests as a pregnancy-specific complication arising from compromised placentation characterized by inadequate trophoblast invasion. A growing body of evidence underscores the pivotal involvement of pseudogenes, a subset of long noncoding RNAs, in the pathological processes of PE. This study presents a novel finding, demonstrating a significant downregulation of the pseudogene PDIA3P1 in PE placental tissues compared to normal tissues. In vitro functional assays revealed that suppressing PDIA3P1 hindered trophoblast proliferation, invasion, and migration, concurrently upregulating the expression of secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1). Further exploration of the regulatory role of PDIA3P1 in PE, utilizing human trophoblasts, established that PDIA3P1 exerts its function by binding to HuR, thereby enhancing the stability of Snail expression in trophoblasts. Overall, our findings suggest a crucial role for PDIA3P1 in regulating trophoblast properties and contributing to the pathogenesis of PE, offering potential targets for prognosis and therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzheng Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women' s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 123 Tianfeixiang, Mochou Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing 210004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liuxin Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women' s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 123 Tianfeixiang, Mochou Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing 210004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Zuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou Maternity Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lizhou Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yetao Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lachiondo-Ortega S, Rejano-Gordillo CM, Simon J, Lopitz-Otsoa F, C Delgado T, Mazan-Mamczarz K, Goikoetxea-Usandizaga N, Zapata-Pavas LE, García-Del Río A, Guerra P, Peña-Sanfélix P, Hermán-Sánchez N, Al-Abdulla R, Fernandez-Rodríguez C, Azkargorta M, Velázquez-Cruz A, Guyon J, Martín C, Zalamea JD, Egia-Mendikute L, Sanz-Parra A, Serrano-Maciá M, González-Recio I, Gonzalez-Lopez M, Martínez-Cruz LA, Pontisso P, Aransay AM, Barrio R, Sutherland JD, Abrescia NGA, Elortza F, Lujambio A, Banales JM, Luque RM, Gahete MD, Palazón A, Avila MA, G Marin JJ, De S, Daubon T, Díaz-Quintana A, Díaz-Moreno I, Gorospe M, Rodríguez MS, Martínez-Chantar ML. SUMOylation controls Hu antigen R posttranscriptional activity in liver cancer. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113924. [PMID: 38507413 PMCID: PMC11025316 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The posttranslational modification of proteins critically influences many biological processes and is a key mechanism that regulates the function of the RNA-binding protein Hu antigen R (HuR), a hub in liver cancer. Here, we show that HuR is SUMOylated in the tumor sections of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in contrast to the surrounding tissue, as well as in human cell line and mouse models of the disease. SUMOylation of HuR promotes major cancer hallmarks, namely proliferation and invasion, whereas the absence of HuR SUMOylation results in a senescent phenotype with dysfunctional mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Mechanistically, SUMOylation induces a structural rearrangement of the RNA recognition motifs that modulates HuR binding affinity to its target RNAs, further modifying the transcriptomic profile toward hepatic tumor progression. Overall, SUMOylation constitutes a mechanism of HuR regulation that could be potentially exploited as a therapeutic strategy for liver cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Lachiondo-Ortega
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Claudia M Rejano-Gordillo
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, University Institute of Biosanitary Research of Extremadura (INUBE), 06071 Badajoz, Spain; Biofisika Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Jorge Simon
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Lopitz-Otsoa
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Teresa C Delgado
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Krystyna Mazan-Mamczarz
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA), Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Naroa Goikoetxea-Usandizaga
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - L Estefanía Zapata-Pavas
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ana García-Del Río
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Pietro Guerra
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology (UIMH), Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Patricia Peña-Sanfélix
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Natalia Hermán-Sánchez
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology of University of Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ruba Al-Abdulla
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain; Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine of Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Carmen Fernandez-Rodríguez
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Proteomics Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Carlos III Networked Proteomics Platform (ProteoRed-ISCIII), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Velázquez-Cruz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joris Guyon
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, BPH, U1219, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Pharmacologie Médicale, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - César Martín
- Biofisika Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Juan Diego Zalamea
- Structure and Cell Biology of Viruses Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Leire Egia-Mendikute
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Arantza Sanz-Parra
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Marina Serrano-Maciá
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Irene González-Recio
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Monika Gonzalez-Lopez
- Genome Analysis Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Luis Alfonso Martínez-Cruz
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Patrizia Pontisso
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology (UIMH), Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Ana M Aransay
- Genome Analysis Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Rosa Barrio
- Ubiquitin-likes and Development Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - James D Sutherland
- Ubiquitin-likes and Development Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Nicola G A Abrescia
- Structure and Cell Biology of Viruses Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Félix Elortza
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Proteomics Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Carlos III Networked Proteomics Platform (ProteoRed-ISCIII), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Amaia Lujambio
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jesus M Banales
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology of University of Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology of University of Córdoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Asís Palazón
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Matias A Avila
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Hepatology Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose J G Marin
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEPHARM), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Supriyo De
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA), Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Daubon
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, UMR 5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - Antonio Díaz-Quintana
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Irene Díaz-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging (NIA), Intramural Research Program (IRP), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Manuel S Rodríguez
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), UPR 8241, CNRS; IPBS-University of Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - María Luz Martínez-Chantar
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Saluja S, Bansal I, Bhardwaj R, Beg MS, Palanichamy JK. Inflammation as a driver of hematological malignancies. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1347402. [PMID: 38571491 PMCID: PMC10987768 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1347402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a tightly regulated process that produces all adult blood cells and immune cells from multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). HSCs usually remain quiescent, and in the presence of external stimuli like infection or inflammation, they undergo division and differentiation as a compensatory mechanism. Normal hematopoiesis is impacted by systemic inflammation, which causes HSCs to transition from quiescence to emergency myelopoiesis. At the molecular level, inflammatory cytokine signaling molecules such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferons, interleukins, and toll-like receptors can all cause HSCs to multiply directly. These cytokines actively encourage HSC activation, proliferation, and differentiation during inflammation, which results in the generation and activation of immune cells required to combat acute injury. The bone marrow niche provides numerous soluble and stromal cell signals, which are essential for maintaining normal homeostasis and output of the bone marrow cells. Inflammatory signals also impact this bone marrow microenvironment called the HSC niche to regulate the inflammatory-induced hematopoiesis. Continuous pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine activation can have detrimental effects on the hematopoietic system, which can lead to cancer development, HSC depletion, and bone marrow failure. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damage DNA and ultimately lead to the transformation of HSCs into cancerous cells, are produced due to chronic inflammation. The biological elements of the HSC niche produce pro-inflammatory cytokines that cause clonal growth and the development of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) in hematological malignancies. The processes underlying how inflammation affects hematological malignancies are still not fully understood. In this review, we emphasize the effects of inflammation on normal hematopoiesis, the part it plays in the development and progression of hematological malignancies, and potential therapeutic applications for targeting these pathways for therapy in hematological malignancies.
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang J, Zhang H, Chen L, Fu K, Yan Y, Liu Z. CircDCBLD2 alleviates liver fibrosis by regulating ferroptosis via facilitating STUB1-mediated PARK7 ubiquitination degradation. J Gastroenterol 2024; 59:229-249. [PMID: 38310161 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-023-02068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis can progress to cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma without treatment. CircDCBLD2 was found to be downregulated in liver fibrosis. However, the precise underlying mechanism requires further investigation. METHODS qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry assays were used to detect the related molecule levels. HE, Masson's trichrome, and Sirius Red staining were used to assess the pathological changes in mice's liver tissues. Flow cytometric analysis and commercial kit were used to assess the levels of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS), malonaldehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and iron. Cell viability was assessed by MTT. Immunoprecipitation was used to study the ubiquitination of PARK7. Mitophagy was determined by immunostaining and confocal imaging. RIP and Co-IP assays were used to assess the interactions of circDCBLD2/HuR, HuR/STUB1, and STUB1/PARK7. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence staining were used to assess the co-localization of circDCBLD2 and HuR. RESULTS CircDCBLD2 was downregulated, whereas PARK7 was upregulated in liver fibrosis. Ferroptosis activators increased circDCBLD2 while decreasing PARK7 in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and mice with liver fibrosis. CircDCBLD2 overexpression reduced cell viability and GSH, PARK7, and GPX4 expression in erastin-treated HSCs while increasing MDA and iron levels, whereas circDCBLD2 knockdown had the opposite effect. CircDCBLD2 overexpression increased STUB1-mediated PARK7 ubiquitination by promoting HuR-STUB1 binding and thus increasing STUB1 mRNA stability. PARK7 overexpression or HuR knockdown reversed the effects of circDCBLD2 overexpression on HSC activation and ferroptosis. CircDCBLD2 reduced liver fibrosis in mice by inhibiting PARK7. CONCLUSION CircDCBLD2 overexpression increased PARK7 ubiquitination degradation by upregulating STUB1 through its interaction with HuR, inhibiting HSC activation and promoting HSC ferroptosis, ultimately enhancing liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Haoye Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Limin Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Kangkang Fu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, China.
- Changsha & Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mori F, Yasui H, Miki Y, Kon T, Arai A, Kurotaki H, Tomiyama M, Wakabayashi K. Colocalization of TDP-43 and stress granules at the early stage of TDP-43 aggregation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain Pathol 2024; 34:e13215. [PMID: 37793650 PMCID: PMC10901621 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TDP-43 aggregates (skeins and round inclusions [RIs]) are frequent histopathological features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We have shown that diffuse punctate cytoplasmic staining (DPCS) is the earliest pathologic manifestation of TDP-43 in ALS, corresponding to nonfibrillar TDP-43 located in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Previous in vitro studies have suggested that TDP-43 inclusions may be derived from stress granules (SGs). Therefore, we investigated the involvement of SGs in the formation of TDP-43 inclusions. Formalin-fixed spinal cords of six ALS patients with a disease duration of less than 1 year (short duration), eight patients with a disease duration of 2-5 years (standard duration), and five normal controls were subjected to histopathological examination using antibodies against an SG marker, HuR. In normal controls, the cytoplasm of anterior horn cells was diffusely HuR-positive. In short-duration and standard-duration ALS, the number of HuR-positive anterior horn cells was significantly decreased relative to the controls. DPCS and RIs were more frequent in short-duration ALS than in standard-duration ALS. The majority of DPCS areas and a small proportion of RIs, but not skeins, were positive for HuR. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that ribosome-like granular structures in DPCS areas and RIs were labeled with anti-HuR, whereas skeins were not. These findings suggest that colocalization of TDP-43 and SGs occurs at the early stage of TDP-43 aggregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Mori
- Department of NeuropathologyInstitute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosakiJapan
| | - Hina Yasui
- Department of NeuropathologyInstitute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosakiJapan
| | - Yasuo Miki
- Department of NeuropathologyInstitute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosakiJapan
| | - Tomoya Kon
- Department of NeurologyInstitute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosakiJapan
| | - Akira Arai
- Department of NeurologyAomori Prefectural Central HospitalAomoriJapan
| | | | - Masahiko Tomiyama
- Department of NeurologyInstitute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosakiJapan
| | - Koichi Wakabayashi
- Department of NeuropathologyInstitute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosakiJapan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Voulgareli I, Semitekolou M, Morianos I, Blizou M, Sfika M, Hillas G, Bakakos P, Loukides S. Endotyping Eosinophilic Inflammation in COPD with ELAVL1, ZfP36 and HNRNPD mRNA Genes. J Clin Med 2024; 13:854. [PMID: 38337546 PMCID: PMC10856681 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13030854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease characterized by progressive airflow obstruction, influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Eosinophils have been implicated in COPD pathogenesis, prompting the categorization into eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic endotypes. This study explores the association between eosinophilic inflammation and mRNA expression of ELAVL1, ZfP36, and HNRNPD genes, which encode HuR, TTP and AUF-1 proteins, respectively. Additionally, it investigates the expression of IL-9 and IL-33 in COPD patients with distinct eosinophilic profiles. Understanding these molecular associations could offer insights into COPD heterogeneity and provide potential therapeutic targets. Methods: We investigated 50 COPD patients, of whom 21 had eosinophilic inflammation and 29 had non-eosinophilic inflammation. Epidemiological data, comorbidities, and pulmonary function tests were recorded. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated for mRNA analysis of ELAVL1, ZfP36, and HNRNPD genes and serum cytokines (IL-9, IL-33) were measured using ELISA kits. Results: The study comprised 50 participants, with 66% being male and a mean age of 68 years (SD: 8.9 years). Analysis of ELAVL1 gene expression revealed a 0.45-fold increase in non-eosinophilic and a 3.93-fold increase in eosinophilic inflammation (p = 0.11). For the ZfP36 gene, expression was 6.19-fold higher in non-eosinophilic and 119.4-fold higher in eosinophilic groups (p = 0.07). Similarly, HNRNPD gene expression was 0.23-fold higher in non-eosinophilic and 0.72-fold higher in eosinophilic inflammation (p = 0.06). Furthermore, serum levels of IL-9 showed no statistically significant difference between the eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic group (58.03 pg/mL vs. 52.55 pg/mL, p = 0.98). Additionally, there was no significant difference in IL-33 serum levels between COPD patients with eosinophilic inflammation and those with non-eosinophilic inflammation (39.61 pg/mL vs. 37.94 pg/mL, p = 0.72). Conclusions: The data suggest a notable trend, lacking statistical significance, towards higher mRNA expression for the ZfP36 and HNRNPD genes for COPD patients with eosinophilic inflammation compared to those with non-eosinophilic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilektra Voulgareli
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, “Attikon” University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.V.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Semitekolou
- School of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Crete, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (M.S.); (I.M.)
| | - Ioannis Morianos
- School of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Crete, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas Voutes, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; (M.S.); (I.M.)
| | - Myrto Blizou
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, “Attikon” University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.V.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Sfika
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, “Attikon” University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.V.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Georgios Hillas
- 5th Respiratory Medicine Department, “Sotiria” Chest Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Petros Bakakos
- 1st Respiratory Medicine Department, “Sotiria” Chest Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Stelios Loukides
- 2nd Respiratory Medicine Department, “Attikon” University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.V.); (M.B.); (M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Morillo-Bernal J, Pizarro-García P, Moreno-Bueno G, Cano A, Mazón MJ, Eraso P, Portillo F. HuR (ELAVL1) Stabilizes SOX9 mRNA and Promotes Migration and Invasion in Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:384. [PMID: 38254873 PMCID: PMC10813878 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins play diverse roles in cancer, influencing various facets of the disease, including proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, senescence, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and metastasis. HuR, a known RBP, is recognized for stabilizing mRNAs containing AU-rich elements (AREs), although its complete repertoire of mRNA targets remains undefined. Through a bioinformatics analysis of the gene expression profile of the Hs578T basal-like triple-negative breast cancer cell line with silenced HuR, we have identified SOX9 as a potential HuR-regulated target. SOX9 is a transcription factor involved in promoting EMT, metastasis, survival, and the maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in triple-negative breast cancer. Ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation assays confirm a direct interaction between HuR and SOX9 mRNA. The half-life of SOX9 mRNA and the levels of SOX9 protein decreased in cells lacking HuR. Cells silenced for HuR exhibit reduced migration and invasion compared to control cells, a phenotype similar to that described for SOX9-silenced cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Morillo-Bernal
- Departamento de Bioquímica UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-B.); (P.P.-G.); (G.M.-B.); (A.C.); (M.J.M.); (P.E.)
| | - Patricia Pizarro-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-B.); (P.P.-G.); (G.M.-B.); (A.C.); (M.J.M.); (P.E.)
| | - Gema Moreno-Bueno
- Departamento de Bioquímica UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-B.); (P.P.-G.); (G.M.-B.); (A.C.); (M.J.M.); (P.E.)
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Fundación MD Anderson Internacional, 28033 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amparo Cano
- Departamento de Bioquímica UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-B.); (P.P.-G.); (G.M.-B.); (A.C.); (M.J.M.); (P.E.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Área de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María J. Mazón
- Departamento de Bioquímica UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-B.); (P.P.-G.); (G.M.-B.); (A.C.); (M.J.M.); (P.E.)
| | - Pilar Eraso
- Departamento de Bioquímica UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-B.); (P.P.-G.); (G.M.-B.); (A.C.); (M.J.M.); (P.E.)
| | - Francisco Portillo
- Departamento de Bioquímica UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-B.); (P.P.-G.); (G.M.-B.); (A.C.); (M.J.M.); (P.E.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Área de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Salvato I, Ricciardi L, Nucera F, Nigro A, Dal Col J, Monaco F, Caramori G, Stellato C. RNA-Binding Proteins as a Molecular Link between COPD and Lung Cancer. COPD 2023; 20:18-30. [PMID: 36655862 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2022.2107500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents an independent risk factor for lung cancer development. Accelerated cell senescence, induced by oxidative stress and inflammation, is a common pathogenic determinant of both COPD and lung cancer. The post transcriptional regulation of genes involved in these processes is finely regulated by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), which regulate mRNA turnover, subcellular localization, splicing and translation. Multiple pro-inflammatory mediators (including cytokines, chemokines, proteins, growth factors and others), responsible of lung microenvironment alteration, are regulated by RBPs. Several mouse models have shown the implication of RBPs in multiple mechanisms that sustain chronic inflammation and neoplastic transformation. However, further studies are required to clarify the role of RBPs in the pathogenic mechanisms shared by lung cancer and COPD, in order to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This review will therefore focus on the studies collectively indicating the role of RBPs in oxidative stress and chronic inflammation as common pathogenic mechanisms shared by lung cancer and COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Salvato
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, Italy
| | - Luca Ricciardi
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Nucera
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, Italy
| | - Annunziata Nigro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Jessica Dal Col
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesco Monaco
- Chirurgia Toracica, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, Italy
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, Italy
| | - Cristiana Stellato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Menjivar NG, Gad A, Thompson RE, Meyers MA, Hollinshead FK, Tesfaye D. Bovine oviductal organoids: a multi-omics approach to capture the cellular and extracellular molecular response of the oviduct to heat stress. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:646. [PMID: 37891479 PMCID: PMC10605953 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09746-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mammalian oviduct is a complex, fibromuscular organ known for its role in orchestrating a series of timely and dynamic changes to suitably support early embryogenesis. Climate change-induced heat stress (HS) is one of the largest single stressors compromising reproductive function in humans and farm animals via systemic changes in the redox status of the maternal environment, adversely affecting fertilization and early embryonic development. Oviductal organoids represent a unique 3-dimensional, biomimetic model to study the physiology of the oviduct and its subsequent impact on embryo development under various environmental conditions. RESULTS Our study is the first to demonstrate an innovative approach to understanding the cascade of molecular changes sustained by bovine oviductal organoids under HS and the subsequent maternal signals harnessed within their secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs). Transcriptomic analysis of oviductal organoids exposed to HS revealed 2,570 differentially expressed genes (1,222 up- and 1,348 downregulated), while EV-coupled miRNome analysis disclosed 18 miRNAs with significant differential expression (12 up- and 6 downregulated) in EVs from thermally stressed organoids compared to EVs released from organoids cultured under thermoneutral conditions. Genes activated in oviductal organoids in response to thermal stress, include: COX1, ACTB, CST6, TPT1, and HSPB1, while miR-1246, miR-148a, miR21-5p, miR-451, and miR-92a represent the top highly abundant EV-coupled miRNAs released in response to HS. Pathway analysis of genes enriched in organoids exposed to thermal stress showed the enrichment of endocrine resistance, cellular senescence, and notch signaling pathways. Similarly, EV-coupled miRNAs released from thermally stressed organoids showed their potential regulation of genes involved in cellular senescence, p53 signaling, and TGF-beta signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the cellular and extracellular response of bovine oviductal organoids to in vitro HS conditions reveal the prospective impact of environmental HS on the physiology of the oviduct and the probable subsequent impacts on oocyte fertilization and early embryo development. Future studies elucidating the potential impact of HS-associated EVs from oviductal organoids on oocyte fertilization and preimplantation embryo development, would justify the use of an organoid model to optimally understand the oviduct-embryo communication under suboptimal environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nico G Menjivar
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 3107 Rampart Rd, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
| | - Ahmed Gad
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 3107 Rampart Rd, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Riley E Thompson
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Mindy A Meyers
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Fiona K Hollinshead
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Dawit Tesfaye
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory (ARBL), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 3107 Rampart Rd, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Supe S, Dighe V, Upadhya A, Singh K. Analysis of RNA Interference Targeted Against Human Antigen R (HuR) to Reduce Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Protein Expression in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00913-w. [PMID: 37856012 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00913-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
VEGF-A or vascular endothelial growth factor-A is an important factor in enabling neovascularization and angiogenesis. VEGF-A is regulated transcriptionally as well as post transcriptionally. Human antigen R (HuR) belonging to the embryonic lethal abnormal vision (ELAV) family is a key regulator promoting stabilization of VEGF-A mRNA. In this research we investigate, whether HuR targeted RNA interference would enable the reduction of the VEGF-A protein in human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) in-vitro, in normoxic conditions. Three siRNA molecules with sequences complementary to three regions of the HuR mRNA were designed. The three designed siRNA molecules were individually transfected in ARPE-19 cells using Lipofectamine™2000 reagent. Post-transfection (24 h, 48 h, 72 h), downregulation of HuR mRNA was estimated by real-time polymerase reaction, while HuR protein and VEGF-A protein levels were semi-quantitatively determined by western blotting techniques. VEGF-A protein levels were additionally quantified using ELISA techniques. All experiments were done in triplicate. The designed siRNA could successfully downregulate HuR mRNA with concomitant decreases in HuR and VEGF-A protein. The study reveals that HuR downregulation can prominently downregulate VEGF-A, making the protein a target for therapy against pathological angiogenesis conditions such as diabetic retinopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shibani Supe
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400056, India
| | - Vikas Dighe
- National Centre for Preclinical Reproductive and Genetic Toxicology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, J.M. Street, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400012, India
| | - Archana Upadhya
- Maharashtra Educational Society's H. K. College of Pharmacy, H. K. College Campus, Oshiwara, Jogeshwari (W), Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400102, India.
| | - Kavita Singh
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400056, India.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wei L, Zhang Q, Zhong C, He L, Zhang Y, Armaly AM, Aubé J, Welch DR, Xu L, Wu X. Functional inhibition of the RNA-binding protein HuR sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer to chemotherapy. Mol Oncol 2023; 17:1962-1980. [PMID: 37357618 PMCID: PMC10552894 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy remains the standard treatment for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC); however, chemoresistance compromises its efficacy. The RNA-binding protein Hu antigen R (HuR) could be a potential therapeutic target to enhance the chemotherapy efficacy. HuR is known to mainly stabilize its target mRNAs, and/or promote the translation of encoded proteins, which are implicated in multiple cancer hallmarks, including chemoresistance. In this study, a docetaxel-resistant cell subline (231-TR) was established from the human TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231. Both the parental and resistant cell lines exhibited similar sensitivity to the small molecule functional inhibitor of HuR, KH-3. Docetaxel and KH-3 combination therapy synergistically inhibited cell proliferation in TNBC cells and tumor growth in three animal models. KH-3 downregulated the expression levels of HuR targets (e.g., β-Catenin and BCL2) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Moreover, KH-3 restored docetaxel's effects on activating Caspase-3 and cleaving PARP in 231-TR cells, induced apoptotic cell death, and caused S-phase cell cycle arrest. Together, our findings suggest that HuR is a critical mediator of docetaxel resistance and provide a rationale for combining HuR inhibitors and chemotherapeutic agents to enhance chemotherapy efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lanjing Wei
- Bioengineering ProgramThe University of KansasLawrenceKSUSA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe University of KansasLawrenceKSUSA
| | - Cuncong Zhong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceThe University of KansasLawrenceKSUSA
| | - Lily He
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & TherapeuticsThe University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & TherapeuticsThe University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA
| | - Ahlam M. Armaly
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of PharmacyThe University of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of PharmacyThe University of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Danny R. Welch
- Department of Cancer BiologyThe University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA
- The University of Kansas Cancer CenterThe University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe University of KansasLawrenceKSUSA
- The University of Kansas Cancer CenterThe University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- The University of Kansas Cancer CenterThe University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKSUSA
- Higuchi Biosciences CenterThe University of KansasLawrenceKSUSA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Raheja H, George B, Tripathi SK, Saha S, Maiti TK, Das S. Hepatitis C virus non-structural proteins modulate cellular kinases for increased cytoplasmic abundance of host factor HuR and facilitate viral replication. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011552. [PMID: 37540723 PMCID: PMC10431626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Host protein HuR translocation from nucleus to cytoplasm following infection is crucial for the life cycle of several RNA viruses including hepatitis C virus (HCV), a major causative agent of hepatocellular carcinoma. HuR assists the assembly of replication-complex on the viral-3'UTR, and its depletion hampers viral replication. Although cytoplasmic HuR is crucial for HCV replication, little is known about how the virus orchestrates the mobilization of HuR into the cytoplasm from the nucleus. We show that two viral proteins, NS3 and NS5A, act co-ordinately to alter the equilibrium of the nucleo-cytoplasmic movement of HuR. NS3 activates protein kinase C (PKC)-δ, which in-turn phosphorylates HuR on S318 residue, triggering its export to the cytoplasm. NS5A inactivates AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) resulting in diminished nuclear import of HuR through blockade of AMPK-mediated phosphorylation and acetylation of importin-α1. Cytoplasmic retention or entry of HuR can be reversed by an AMPK activator or a PKC-δ inhibitor. Our findings suggest that efforts should be made to develop inhibitors of PKC-δ and activators of AMPK, either separately or in combination, to inhibit HCV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harsha Raheja
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Biju George
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - Saumitra Das
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Long X, Miano JM, Zhou J. A New "Lnc" to Brake Inflammation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1176-1178. [PMID: 37226728 PMCID: PMC10330896 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Long
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Joseph M. Miano
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Jiliang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tanwar VS, Reddy MA, Das S, Samara VA, Abdollahi M, Dey S, Malek V, Ganguly R, Stapleton K, Lanting L, Pirrotte P, Natarajan R. Palmitic Acid-Induced Long Noncoding RNA PARAIL Regulates Inflammation via Interaction With RNA-Binding Protein ELAVL1 in Monocytes and Macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1157-1175. [PMID: 37128912 PMCID: PMC10287039 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and diabetes are associated with elevated free fatty acids like palmitic acid (PA), which promote chronic inflammation and impaired inflammation resolution associated with cardiometabolic disorders. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in inflammatory processes; however, their roles in PA-regulated inflammation and resolution are unclear. METHODS We performed RNA-sequencing analysis to identify PA-regulated coding genes and novel lncRNAs in CD14+ monocytes from healthy volunteers. We investigated the regulation and function of an uncharacterized PA-induced lncRNA PARAIL (PA-regulated anti-inflammatory lncRNA). We examined its role in inflammation resolution by employing knockdown and overexpression strategies in human and mouse macrophages. We also used RNA pulldown coupled with mass spectrometry to identify PARAIL interacting nuclear proteins and their mechanistic involvement in PARAIL functions in human macrophages. RESULTS Treatment of human CD14+ monocytes with PA-induced several lncRNAs and genes associated with inflammatory phenotype. PA strongly induced lncRNA PARAIL expressed near RIPK2. PARAIL was also induced by cytokines and infectious agents in human monocytes/macrophages and was regulated by NF-κB (nuclear factor-kappa B). Time course studies showed PARAIL was induced during inflammation resolution phase in PA-treated macrophages. PARAIL knockdown with antisense oligonucleotides upregulated key inflammatory genes and vice versa with PARAIL overexpression. We found that PARAIL interacts with ELAVL1 (ELAV-like RNA-binding protein 1) protein via adenylate/uridylate-rich elements (AU-rich elements; AREs). ELAVL1 knockdown inhibited the anti-inflammatory functions of PARAIL. Moreover, PARAIL knockdown increased cytosolic localization of ELAVL1 and increased the stability of ARE-containing inflammatory genes. Mouse orthologous Parail was downregulated in macrophages from mice with diabetes and atherosclerosis. Parail overexpression attenuated proinflammatory genes in mouse macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Upregulation of PARAIL under acute inflammatory conditions contributes to proresolution mechanisms via PARAIL-ELAVL1 interactions. Conversely, PARAIL downregulation in cardiometabolic diseases enhances ELAVL1 function and impairs inflammation resolution to further augment inflammation. Thus, inflammation-resolving lncRNAs like PARAIL represent novel targets to combat inflammatory cardiometabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Singh Tanwar
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Marpadga A. Reddy
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Sadhan Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Vishnu Amaram Samara
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Current affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maryam Abdollahi
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Suchismita Dey
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Vajir Malek
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Rituparna Ganguly
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Kenneth Stapleton
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Linda Lanting
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Patrick Pirrotte
- Integrated Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Cancer & Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Eraso P, Mazón MJ, Jiménez V, Pizarro-García P, Cuevas EP, Majuelos-Melguizo J, Morillo-Bernal J, Cano A, Portillo F. New Functions of Intracellular LOXL2: Modulation of RNA-Binding Proteins. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114433. [PMID: 37298909 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) was initially described as an extracellular enzyme involved in extracellular matrix remodeling. Nevertheless, numerous recent reports have implicated intracellular LOXL2 in a wide variety of processes that impact on gene transcription, development, differentiation, proliferation, migration, cell adhesion, and angiogenesis, suggesting multiple different functions for this protein. In addition, increasing knowledge about LOXL2 points to a role in several types of human cancer. Moreover, LOXL2 is able to induce the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process-the first step in the metastatic cascade. To uncover the underlying mechanisms of the great variety of functions of intracellular LOXL2, we carried out an analysis of LOXL2's nuclear interactome. This study reveals the interaction of LOXL2 with numerous RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) involved in several aspects of RNA metabolism. Gene expression profile analysis of cells silenced for LOXL2, combined with in silico identification of RBPs' targets, points to six RBPs as candidates to be substrates of LOXL2's action, and that deserve a more mechanistic analysis in the future. The results presented here allow us to hypothesize novel LOXL2 functions that might help to comprehend its multifaceted role in the tumorigenic process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Eraso
- Departamento de Bioquímica UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Mazón
- Departamento de Bioquímica UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Jiménez
- Departamento de Bioquímica UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Pizarro-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva P Cuevas
- Departamento de Bioquímica UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jara Majuelos-Melguizo
- Departamento de Bioquímica UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Morillo-Bernal
- Departamento de Bioquímica UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amparo Cano
- Departamento de Bioquímica UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Área de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Portillo
- Departamento de Bioquímica UAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Área de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pawletko K, Jędrzejowska-Szypułka H, Bogus K, Pascale A, Fahmideh F, Marchesi N, Grajoszek A, Gendosz de Carrillo D, Barski JJ. After Ischemic Stroke, Minocycline Promotes a Protective Response in Neurons via the RNA-Binding Protein HuR, with a Positive Impact on Motor Performance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119446. [PMID: 37298395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the most common cause of adult disability and one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with a serious socio-economic impact. In the present work, we used a new thromboembolic model, recently developed in our lab, to induce focal cerebral ischemic (FCI) stroke in rats without reperfusion. We analyzed selected proteins implicated in the inflammatory response (such as the RNA-binding protein HuR, TNFα, and HSP70) via immunohistochemistry and western blotting techniques. The main goal of the study was to evaluate the beneficial effects of a single administration of minocycline at a low dose (1 mg/kg intravenously administered 10 min after FCI) on the neurons localized in the penumbra area after an ischemic stroke. Furthermore, given the importance of understanding the crosstalk between molecular parameters and motor functions following FCI, motor tests were also performed, such as the Horizontal Runway Elevated test, CatWalk™ XT, and Grip Strength test. Our results indicate that a single administration of a low dose of minocycline increased the viability of neurons and reduced the neurodegeneration caused by ischemia, resulting in a significant reduction in the infarct volume. At the molecular level, minocycline resulted in a reduction in TNFα content coupled with an increase in the levels of both HSP70 and HuR proteins in the penumbra area. Considering that both HSP70 and TNF-α transcripts are targeted by HuR, the obtained results suggest that, following FCI, this RNA-binding protein promotes a protective response by shifting its binding towards HSP70 instead of TNF-α. Most importantly, motor tests showed that reduced inflammation in the brain damaged area after minocycline treatment directly translated into a better motor performance, which is a fundamental outcome when searching for new therapeutic options for clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Pawletko
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
- Department for Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 4, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Halina Jędrzejowska-Szypułka
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bogus
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Alessia Pascale
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Foroogh Fahmideh
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Marchesi
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Aniela Grajoszek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
- Department for Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 4, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Daria Gendosz de Carrillo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
- Department of Histology and Cell Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Poniatowskiego 15, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jarosław Jerzy Barski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
- Department for Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 4, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Borgonetti V, Galeotti N. Posttranscriptional Regulation of Gene Expression Participates in the Myelin Restoration in Mouse Models of Multiple Sclerosis: Antisense Modulation of HuR and HuD ELAV RNA Binding Protein. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2661-2677. [PMID: 36696009 PMCID: PMC10039839 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03236-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is the most difficult-to-treat pain syndrome in multiple sclerosis. Evidence relates neuropathic pain to demyelination, which often originates from unresolved neuroinflammation or altered immune response. Posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression might play a fundamental role in the regulation of these processes. The ELAV RNA-binding proteins HuR and HuD are involved in the promotion of inflammatory phenomena and in neuronal development and maintenance, respectively. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of HuR and HuD in demyelination-associated neuropathic pain in the mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. HuR resulted overexpressed in the spinal cord of MOG35-55-EAE and PLP139-151-EAE mice and was detected in CD11b + cells. Conversely, HuD was largely downregulated in the MOG-EAE spinal cord, along with GAP43 and neurofilament H, while in PLP-EAE mice, HuD and neuronal markers remained unaltered. Intranasal antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) delivery to knockdown HuR, increased myelin basic protein expression, and Luxol Fast Blue staining in both EAE models, an indication of increased myelin content. These effects temporally coincided with attenuation of pain hypersensitivity. Anti-HuR ASO increased the expression of HuD in GAP43-expressing cells and promoted a HuD-mediated neuroprotective activity in MOG-EAE mice, while in PLP-EAE mice, HuR silencing dampened pro-inflammatory responses mediated by spinal microglia activation. In conclusion, anti-HuR ASO showed myelin protection at analgesic doses with multitarget mechanisms, and it deserves further consideration as an innovative agent to counteract demyelination in neuropathic pain states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Borgonetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, I-50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Galeotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, I-50139, Florence, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Guha A, Husain MA, Si Y, Nabors LB, Filippova N, Promer G, Smith R, King PH. RNA regulation of inflammatory responses in glia and its potential as a therapeutic target in central nervous system disorders. Glia 2023; 71:485-508. [PMID: 36380708 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A major hallmark of neuroinflammation is the activation of microglia and astrocytes with the induction of inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS, and IL-6. Neuroinflammation contributes to disease progression in a plethora of neurological disorders ranging from acute CNS trauma to chronic neurodegenerative disease. Posttranscriptional pathways of mRNA stability and translational efficiency are major drivers for the expression of these inflammatory mediators. A common element in this level of regulation centers around the adenine- and uridine-rich element (ARE) which is present in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the mRNAs encoding these inflammatory mediators. (ARE)-binding proteins (AUBPs) such as Human antigen R (HuR), Tristetraprolin (TTP) and KH- type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) are key nodes for directing these posttranscriptional pathways and either promote (HuR) or suppress (TTP and KSRP) glial production of inflammatory mediators. This review will discuss basic concepts of ARE-mediated RNA regulation and its impact on glial-driven neuroinflammatory diseases. We will discuss strategies to target this novel level of gene regulation for therapeutic effect and review exciting preliminary studies that underscore its potential for treating neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Guha
- Department Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Mohammed Amir Husain
- Department Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ying Si
- Department Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - L Burt Nabors
- Department Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Natalia Filippova
- Department Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Grace Promer
- Department Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Reed Smith
- Department Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Peter H King
- Department Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Department Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Birmingham Department of Veterans Health Care System, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wu X, Ramesh R, Wang J, Zheng Y, Armaly AM, Wei L, Xing M, Roy S, Lan L, Gao FP, Miao Y, Xu L, Aubé J. Small Molecules Targeting the RNA-Binding Protein HuR Inhibit Tumor Growth in Xenografts. J Med Chem 2023; 66:2032-2053. [PMID: 36690437 PMCID: PMC10101218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein Hu antigen R (HuR) is a post-transcriptional regulator critical in several types of diseases, including cancer, making it a promising therapeutic target. We have identified small-molecule inhibitors of HuR through a screening approach used in combination with fragment analysis. A total of 36 new compounds originating from fragment linking or structural optimization were studied to establish structure-activity relationships in the set. Two top inhibitors, 1c and 7c, were further validated by binding assays and cellular functional assays. Both block HuR function by directly binding to the RNA-binding pocket, inhibit cancer cell growth dependence of HuR, and suppress cancer cell invasion. Intraperitoneal administration of inhibitor 1c inhibits tumor growth as a single agent and shows a synergistic effect in combination with chemotherapy docetaxel in breast cancer xenograft models. Mechanistically, 1c interferes with the HuR-TGFB/THBS1 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Remya Ramesh
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | | | - Youguang Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Ahlam M Armaly
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | | | | | - Sudeshna Roy
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | | | | | | | - Liang Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Badaoui M, Sobolewski C, Luscher A, Bacchetta M, Köhler T, van Delden C, Foti M, Chanson M. Targeting HuR-Vav3 mRNA interaction prevents Pseudomonas aeruginosa adhesion to the cystic fibrosis airway epithelium. JCI Insight 2023; 8:161961. [PMID: 36602863 PMCID: PMC9977432 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.161961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by chronic bacterial infections leading to progressive bronchiectasis and respiratory failure. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) is the predominant opportunistic pathogen infecting the CF airways. The guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav3 plays a critical role in Pa adhesion to the CF airways by inducing luminal fibronectin deposition that favors bacteria trapping. Here we report that Vav3 overexpression in CF is caused by upregulation of the mRNA-stabilizing protein HuR. We found that HuR accumulates in the cytoplasm of CF airway epithelial cells and that it binds to and stabilizes Vav3 mRNA. Interestingly, disruption of the HuR-Vav3 mRNA interaction improved the CF epithelial integrity, inhibited the formation of the fibronectin-made bacterial docking platforms, and prevented Pa adhesion to the CF airway epithelium. These findings indicate that targeting HuR represents a promising antiadhesive approach in CF that can prevent initial stages of Pa infection in a context of emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexandre Luscher
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Thilo Köhler
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian van Delden
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Slone S, Anthony SR, Green LC, Nieman ML, Alam P, Wu X, Roy S, Aube J, Xu L, Lorenz JN, Owens AP, Kanisicak O, Tranter M. HuR inhibition reduces post-ischemic cardiac remodeling by dampening acute inflammatory gene expression and the innate immune response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.17.524420. [PMID: 36711986 PMCID: PMC9882229 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.17.524420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and the resulting cardiac remodeling is a common cause of heart failure. The RNA binding protein Human Antigen R (HuR) has been previously shown to reduce cardiac remodeling following both I/R and cardiac pressure overload, but the full extent of the HuR-dependent mechanisms within cells of the myocardium have yet to be elucidated. In this study, we applied a novel small molecule inhibitor of HuR to define the functional role of HuR in the acute response to I/R injury and gain a better understanding of the HuR-dependent mechanisms during post-ischemic myocardial remodeling. Our results show an early (two hours post-I/R) increase in HuR activity that is necessary for early inflammatory gene expression by cardiomyocytes in response to I/R. Surprisingly, despite the reductions in early inflammatory gene expression at two hours post-I/R, HuR inhibition has no effect on initial infarct size at 24-hours post-I/R. However, in agreement with previously published work, we do see a reduction in pathological remodeling and preserved cardiac function at two weeks post-I/R upon HuR inhibition. RNA-sequencing analysis of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) at two hours post-LPS treatment to model damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP)-mediated activation of toll like receptors (TLRs) demonstrates a broad HuR-dependent regulation of pro-inflammatory chemokine and cytokine gene expression in cardiomyocytes. We show that conditioned media from NRVMs pre-treated with HuR inhibitor loses the ability to induce inflammatory gene expression in bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) compared to NRVMs treated with LPS alone. Functionally, HuR inhibition in NRVMs also reduces their ability to induce endocrine migration of peripheral blood monocytes in vitro and reduces post-ischemic macrophage infiltration to the heart in vivo. In summary, these results suggest a HuR-dependent expression of pro-inflammatory gene expression by cardiomyocytes that leads to subsequent monocyte recruitment and macrophage activation in the post-ischemic myocardium.
Collapse
|
30
|
Xu S, Liu D, Kuang Y, Li R, Wang J, Shi M, Zou Y, Qiu Q, Liang L, Xiao Y, Xu H. Long Noncoding RNA HAFML Promotes Migration and Invasion of Rheumatoid Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:135-147. [PMID: 36458981 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aggressive phenotype exhibited by fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) is critical for the progression of joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have crucial roles in the pathogenesis of diverse disorders; however, few have been identified that might be able to control the joint damage in RA. In this study, we identified an lncRNA, ENST00000509194, which was expressed at abnormally high levels in FLSs and synovial tissues from patients with RA. ENST00000509194 positively modulates the migration and invasion of FLSs by interacting with human Ag R (HuR, also called ELAVL1), an RNA-binding protein that mainly stabilizes mRNAs. ENST00000509194 binds directly to HuR in the cytoplasm to form a complex that promotes the expression of the endocytic adaptor protein APPL2 by stabilizing APPL2 mRNA. Knockdown of HuR or APPL2 impaired the migration and invasion of RA FLSs. Given its close association with HuR and FLS migration, we named ENST00000509194 as HAFML (HuR-associated fibroblast migratory lncRNA). Our findings suggest that an increase in synovial HAFML might contribute to FLS-mediated rheumatoid synovial aggression and joint destruction, and that the lncRNA HAFML might be a potential therapeutic target for dysregulated fibroblasts in a wide range of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Kuang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruiru Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingnan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Maohua Shi
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China; and
| | - Yaoyao Zou
- Department of Rheumatology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Qiu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liuqin Liang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Youjun Xiao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hanshi Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Green LC, Slone S, Anthony SR, Guarnieri AR, Parkins S, Shearer SM, Nieman ML, Roy S, Aube J, Wu X, Xu L, Kanisicak O, Tranter M. HuR-dependent expression of Wisp1 is necessary for TGFβ-induced cardiac myofibroblast activity. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 174:38-46. [PMID: 36372279 PMCID: PMC9868076 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is regulated by the activation and phenotypic switching of quiescent cardiac fibroblasts to active myofibroblasts, which have extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and contractile functions which play a central role in cardiac remodeling in response to injury. Here, we show that expression and activity of the RNA binding protein HuR is increased in cardiac fibroblasts upon transformation to an active myofibroblast. Pharmacological inhibition of HuR significantly blunts the TGFβ-dependent increase in ECM remodeling genes, total collagen secretion, in vitro scratch closure, and collagen gel contraction in isolated primary cardiac fibroblasts, suggesting a suppression of TGFβ-induced myofibroblast activation upon HuR inhibition. We identified twenty-four mRNA transcripts that were enriched for HuR binding following TGFβ treatment via photoactivatable ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (PAR-CLIP). Eleven of these HuR-bound mRNAs also showed significant co-expression correlation with HuR, αSMA, and periostin in primary fibroblasts isolated from the ischemic-zone of infarcted mouse hearts. Of these, WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (Wisp1; Ccn4), was the most significantly associated with HuR expression in fibroblasts. Accordingly, we found Wisp1 expression to be increased in cardiac fibroblasts isolated from the ischemic-zone of mouse hearts following ischemia/reperfusion, and confirmed Wisp1 expression to be HuR-dependent in isolated fibroblasts. Finally, addition of exogenous recombinant Wisp1 partially rescued myofibroblast-induced collagen gel contraction following HuR inhibition, demonstrating that HuR-dependent Wisp1 expression plays a functional role in HuR-dependent MF activity downstream of TGFβ. In conclusion, HuR activity is necessary for the functional activation of primary cardiac fibroblasts in response to TGFβ, in part through post-transcriptional regulation of Wisp1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Green
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Samuel Slone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Sarah R Anthony
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Adrienne R Guarnieri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Sharon Parkins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Shannon M Shearer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Michelle L Nieman
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Sudeshna Roy
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Aube
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America
| | - Onur Kanisicak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Michael Tranter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li Y, Miao H, Wei W, Tian J, Chen J. Inhibitory effect of calycosin on breast cancer cell progression through downregulating lncRNA HOTAIR and downstream targets: HuR and IGF2BP1. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 55:225-236. [PMID: 36647722 PMCID: PMC10157633 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
<p indent="0mm">Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. Previously, we reported that calycosin, a typical isoflavone phytoestrogen, triggers apoptosis and is associated with lncRNA HOTAIR in the estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer MCF-7-cell line. In the present study, we aim to uncover the mechanism of lncRNA HOTAIR in the inhibitory effect induced by calycosin in both ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancer cell lines. Results show that calycosin significantly inhibits proliferation and triggers apoptosis in both ER-positive (MCF-7 and T47D) and ER-negative (MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3) breast cancer cell lines, accompanied by downregulation of lncRNA HOTAIR expression. Accordingly, knockdown of lncRNA HOTAIR promotes the anti-tumor effect of calycosin, while overexpression of lncRNA HOTAIR attenuates this effect. Meanwhile, the expression levels of HuR and IGF2BP1 are also reduced by calycosin. More importantly, calycosin facilitates the downregulation of HuR and IGF2BP1 caused by decreasing lncRNA HOTAIR expression, and the upregulation of HuR and IGF2BP1 caused by overexpression of lncRNA HOTAIR is weakened by calycosin. These results demonstrate that downregulating HuR and IGF2BP1 by suppressing lncRNA HOTAIR results in inhibited growth of breast cancer cells by calycosin. In addition, the binding of HuR and IGF2BP1 to lncRNA HOTAIR is detected by RIP assay, implying an interaction between these two proteins and lncRNA HOTAIR. Together, lncRNA HOTAIR may play a carcinogenic role in breast cancer development and has the potential to be a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer in the future, especially in isoflavone phytoestrogen therapy.</p>.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation of Guangxi, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Hui Miao
- Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation of Guangxi, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Physiology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation of Guangxi, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kunder N, de la Peña JB, Lou TF, Chase R, Suresh P, Lawson J, Shukla T, Black B, Campbell ZT. The RNA-Binding Protein HuR Is Integral to the Function of Nociceptors in Mice and Humans. J Neurosci 2022; 42:9129-9141. [PMID: 36270801 PMCID: PMC9761683 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1630-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
HuR is an RNA-binding protein implicated in RNA processing, stability, and translation. Previously, we examined protein synthesis in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons treated with inflammatory mediators using ribosome profiling. We found that the HuR consensus binding element was enriched in transcripts with elevated translation. HuR is expressed in the soma of nociceptors and their axons. Pharmacologic inhibition of HuR with the small molecule CMLD-2 reduced the activity of mouse and human sensory neurons. Peripheral administration of CMLD-2 in the paw or genetic elimination of HuR from sensory neurons diminished behavioral responses associated with NGF- and IL-6-induced allodynia in male and female mice. Genetic disruption of HuR altered the proximity of mRNA decay factors near a key neurotrophic factor (TrkA). Collectively, the data suggest that HuR is required for local control of mRNA stability and reveals a new biological function for a broadly conserved post-transcriptional regulatory factor.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Nociceptors undergo long-lived changes in excitability, which may contribute to chronic pain. Noxious cues that promote pain lead to rapid induction of protein synthesis. The underlying mechanisms that confer specificity to mRNA control in nociceptors are unclear. Here, we identify a conserved RNA-binding protein called HuR as a key regulatory factor in sensory neurons. Using a combination of genetics and pharmacology, we demonstrate that HuR is required for signaling in nociceptors. In doing so, we report an important mechanism of mRNA control in sensory neurons that ensures appropriate nociceptive responses to inflammatory mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikesh Kunder
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - June Bryan de la Peña
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53792
| | - Tzu-Fang Lou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Rebecca Chase
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Prarthana Suresh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Jennifer Lawson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854
| | - Tarjani Shukla
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53792
| | - Bryan Black
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854
| | - Zachary T Campbell
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53792
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53792
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Evidence for novel cell defense mechanisms sustained by dimethyl fumarate in multiple sclerosis patients: the HuR/SOD2 cascade. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 68:104197. [PMID: 36270254 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.104197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an effective treatment for relapsing remitting Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and its mechanisms of action encompass immunomodulatory and cytoprotective effects. Despite DMF is known to activate the Nrf2 pathway, Nrf2-independent mechanisms have been also reported and new insights on the underlying molecular mechanisms are still emerging including transcriptional and post-transcriptional events. At this regard, we focused on a small family of RNA-binding proteins, the ELAV-like proteins, that play a pivotal role in post-transcriptional mechanisms and are involved in the pathogenesis of several psychiatric and neurologic disorders. HuR, the ubiquitously expressed member of the family, is implicated in many cellular functions, including survival, inflammation and proper functioning of the immune system. We previously documented the potential entanglement of HuR in MS pathogenesis. In the present work, we explored HuR protein levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from MS patients before and after DMF treatment compared to healthy controls (HC). Considering that HuR may act on various targets, playing a protective role against oxidative stress, our main goals were to evaluate whether manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase transcript (SOD2) could represent a new molecular target of HuR and to study the potential influence of DMF treatment on this interaction. METHODS PBMCs from 20 patients with MS and 20 frequency-matched HC by sex and age were used to evaluate HuR, MnSOD (the protein coded by SOD2) and Nrf2 protein content by Western blot, before and after 12 months of DMF treatment. Immunoprecipitation experiments coupled with RNA extraction in PBMCs were performed to explore whether SOD2 mRNA could be physically bound by HuR and whether the expression of MnSOD protein could be affected by 12 months of DMF treatment. RESULTS In PBMCs, HuR protein binds SOD2 transcript in HC and in MS patients naïve to disease modifying treatment. The expression of MnSOD protein is positively affected by 12 months of DMF treatment. PBMCs from MS patients have a lower HuR and MnSOD protein content compared to matched HC (HuR: p<0.01, MnSOD: p<0.01). Of interest, 12 months of DMF treatment in MS patients restores the amount of both HuR protein and MnSOD enzyme to the levels observed in HC. We also confirmed that Nrf2 is an HuR target, and we report that its levels are significantly increased in MS patients naïve to disease modifying treatment and remain elevated following DMF administration. CONCLUSION SOD2 transcript is a new target of HuR protein. DMF induces an increased expression of HuR protein, which ultimately interacts more strongly with SOD2 transcript promoting the expression of this antioxidant protein. The activation of this molecular cascade can constitute an additional tool that the cells can exploit to counteract the oxidative stress associated with MS development, and can account for the multifaceted molecular mechanisms underlying DMF efficacy in MS.
Collapse
|
35
|
Du Y, Zhang R, Zhang G, Wu H, Zhan S, Bu N. Downregulation of ELAVL1 attenuates ferroptosis-induced neuronal impairment in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion via reducing DNMT3B-dependent PINK1 methylation. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2763-2775. [PMID: 36173508 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01080-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic form of programmed cell death and has been found in ischemic stroke. Increasing evidence revealed that ELAVL1 is associated with ferroptosis, but it remains largely unclear whether ELAVL1 is involved in ischemic stroke. Here, we aimed to investigate the biological role and mechanism of ELAVL1 in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS ELAVL1 shRNA were intravenously injected into rat brain, and then ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) model was constructed in rats to detect infarct volume, neurobehavioral deficit, and several ferroptosis factors (GSH, GPX4, SLC7A11, MDA, ROS, iron ion) in vivo. Oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) treated pheochromocytoma-12 (PC12) cells were used as in vitro models of I/R. RIP, biotin pull-down and ChIP assays was used to explore the relationship among ELAVL1, DNMT3B, and PINK1. RESULTS ELAVL1 was highly expressed in rat brain tissue after I/R injury. Compared with those in the I/R group, the injection of RSL3 (30 mg/kg) or ferrostatin-1 (10 mg/kg) aggravated or alleviated infarct volume, neurobehavioral impairments, and increased or decreased ferroptosis factor levels, respectively. ELAVL1 silencing ameliorated brain damage in I/R-treated rats by inhibiting ferroptosis. Moreover, ELAVL1 silencing observably facilitated cell viability, GSH content, GPX4 and SLC7A11 expression, and reduced iron ion concentration, ROS and MDA levels in OGD/R-treated PC12 cells. ELAVL1 bound with DNMT3B mRNA 3'UTR and promoted DNMT3B expression. ELAVL1 inhibited PINK1 expression through stabilizing DNMT3B mRNA and blocking DNMT3B-mediated DNA methylation of PINK1 promoter. PINK1 knockdown reversed the effects of ELAVL1 inhibition on cell viability, GSH, GPX4, SLC7A11, iron ion concentration, ROS and MDA levels in OGD/R-treated PC12 cells. CONCLUSION ELAVL1 plays a critical role in protecting against ferroptosis-induced cerebral I/R and subsequent brain damage via DNMT3B/PINK1 axis, thus providing a new potential target for ischemic stroke treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Du
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157, Xi Wu Road, Xin Cheng District, 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Ru Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157, Xi Wu Road, Xin Cheng District, 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Guilian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157, Xi Wu Road, Xin Cheng District, 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Haiqin Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157, Xi Wu Road, Xin Cheng District, 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shuqin Zhan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157, Xi Wu Road, Xin Cheng District, 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ning Bu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157, Xi Wu Road, Xin Cheng District, 710004, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mehta M, Raguraman R, Ramesh R, Munshi A. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) and their role in DNA damage and radiation response in cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 191:114569. [PMID: 36252617 PMCID: PMC10411638 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally majority of eukaryotic gene expression is influenced by transcriptional and post-transcriptional events. Alterations in the expression of proteins that act post-transcriptionally can affect cellular signaling and homeostasis. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are a family of proteins that specifically bind to RNAs and are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and important cellular processes such as cell differentiation and metabolism. Deregulation of RNA-RBP interactions and any changes in RBP expression or function can lead to various diseases including cancer. In cancer cells, RBPs play an important role in regulating the expression of tumor suppressors and oncoproteins involved in various cell-signaling pathways. Several RBPs such as HuR, AUF1, RBM38, LIN28, RBM24, tristetrapolin family and Musashi play critical roles in various types of cancers and their aberrant expression in cancer cells makes them an attractive therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In this review we provide an overview of i). RBPs involved in cancer progression and their mechanism of action ii). the role of RBPs, including HuR, in breast cancer progression and DNA damage response and iii). explore RBPs with emphasis on HuR as therapeutic target for breast cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Mehta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA
| | - Rajeswari Raguraman
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA
| | - Anupama Munshi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73013, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Huang H, Dai Y, Duan Y, Yuan Z, Li Y, Zhang M, Zhu W, Yu H, Zhong W, Feng S. Effective prediction of potential ferroptosis critical genes in clinical colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1033044. [PMID: 36324584 PMCID: PMC9619366 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1033044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancer is common worldwide, with high morbidity and poor prognosis. Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death driven by the accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxides, which differs from other programmed cell death mechanisms. Programmed cell death is a cancer hallmark, and ferroptosis is known to participate in various cancers, including colon cancer. Novel ferroptosis markers and targeted colon cancer therapies are urgently needed. To this end, we performed a preliminary exploration of ferroptosis-related genes in colon cancer to enable new treatment strategies. METHODS Ferroptosis-related genes in colon cancer were obtained by data mining and screening for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using bioinformatics analysis tools. We normalized the data across four independent datasets and a ferroptosis-specific database. Identified genes were validated by immunohistochemical analysis of pathological and healthy clinical samples. RESULTS We identified DEGs in colon cancer that are involved in ferroptosis. Among these, five core genes were found: ELAVL1, GPX2, EPAS1, SLC7A5, and HMGB1. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that the expression of all five genes, except for EPAS1, was higher in tumor tissues than in healthy tissues. CONCLUSIONS The preliminary exploration of the five core genes revealed that they are differentially expressed in colon cancer, playing an essential role in ferroptosis. This study provides a foundation for subsequent research on ferroptosis in colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuexiang Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongwen Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanxuan Li
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maomao Zhang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenting Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenfei Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Senling Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sorge RE, Si Y, Norian LA, Guha A, Moore GE, Nabors LB, Filippova N, Yang X, Smith R, Chellappan R, King PH. Inhibition of the RNA Regulator HuR by SRI-42127 Attenuates Neuropathic Pain After Nerve Injury Through Suppression of Neuroinflammatory Responses. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:1649-1661. [PMID: 35864415 PMCID: PMC9606176 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial activation with the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β, is a major driver of neuropathic pain (NP) following peripheral nerve injury. We have previously shown that the RNA binding protein, HuR, is a positive node of regulation for many of these inflammatory mediators in glia and that its chemical inhibition or genetic deletion attenuates their production. In this report, we show that systemic administration of SRI-42127, a novel small molecule HuR inhibitor, attenuates mechanical allodynia, a hallmark of NP, in the early and chronic phases after spared nerve injury in male and female mice. Flow cytometry of lumbar spinal cords in SRI-42127-treated mice shows a reduction in infiltrating macrophages and a concomitant decrease in microglial populations expressing IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and CCL2. Immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and qPCR of lumbar spinal cord tissue indicate suppression of these cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. ELISA of plasma samples in the acute phase also shows attenuation of inflammatory responses. In summary, inhibition of HuR by SRI-42127 leads to the suppression of neuroinflammatory responses and allodynia after nerve injury and represents a promising new direction in the treatment of NP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Sorge
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Ying Si
- Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Civitan 545C, 1719 6th Ave. South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Lyse A Norian
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Abhishek Guha
- Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Civitan 545C, 1719 6th Ave. South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Grace E Moore
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - L Burt Nabors
- Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Civitan 545C, 1719 6th Ave. South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Natalia Filippova
- Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Civitan 545C, 1719 6th Ave. South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Xiuhua Yang
- Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Civitan 545C, 1719 6th Ave. South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Reed Smith
- Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Civitan 545C, 1719 6th Ave. South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Rajeshwari Chellappan
- Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Civitan 545C, 1719 6th Ave. South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Peter H King
- Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Civitan 545C, 1719 6th Ave. South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Majumder M, Chakraborty P, Mohan S, Mehrotra S, Palanisamy V. HuR as a molecular target for cancer therapeutics and immune-related disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 188:114442. [PMID: 35817212 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The control of eukaryotic gene expression occurs at multiple levels, from transcription to messenger RNA processing, transport, localization, turnover, and translation. RNA-binding proteins control gene expression and are involved in different stages of mRNA processing, including splicing, maturation, turnover, and translation. A ubiquitously expressed RBP Human antigen R is engaged in the RNA processes mentioned above but, most importantly, controls mRNA stability and turnover. Dysregulation of HuR is linked to many diseases, including cancer and other immune-related disorders. HuR targets mRNAs containing AU-rich elements at their 3'untranslated region, which encodes proteins involved in cell growth, proliferation, tumor formation, angiogenesis, immune evasion, inflammation, invasion, and metastasis. HuR overexpression has been reported in many tumor types, which led to a poor prognosis for patients. Hence, HuR is considered an appealing drug target for cancer treatment. Therefore, multiple attempts have been made to identify small molecule inhibitors for blocking HuR functions. This article reviews the current prospects of drugs that target HuR in numerous cancer types, their mode of action, and off-target effects. Furthermore, we will summarize drugs that interfered with HuR-RNA interactions and established themselves as novel therapeutics. We will also highlight the significance of HuR overexpression in multiple cancers and discuss its role in immune functions. This review provides evidence of a new era of HuR-targeted small molecules that can be used for cancer therapeutics either as a monotherapy or in combination with other cancer treatment modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmoyee Majumder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Paramita Chakraborty
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Sarumathi Mohan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Neural crest cells (NCCs) are a dynamic, multipotent, vertebrate-specific population of embryonic stem cells. These ectodermally-derived cells contribute to diverse tissue types in developing embryos including craniofacial bone and cartilage, the peripheral and enteric nervous systems and pigment cells, among a host of other cell types. Due to their contribution to a significant number of adult tissue types, the mechanisms that drive their formation, migration and differentiation are highly studied. NCCs have a unique ability to transition from tightly adherent epithelial cells to mesenchymal and migratory cells by altering their polarity, expression of cell-cell adhesion molecules and gaining invasive abilities. In this Review, we discuss classical and emerging factors driving NCC epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and migration, highlighting the role of signaling and transcription factors, as well as novel modifying factors including chromatin remodelers, small RNAs and post-translational regulators, which control the availability and longevity of major NCC players.
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang X, Kuang W, Ding J, Li J, Ji M, Chen W, Shen H, Shi Z, Wang D, Wang L, Yang P. Systematic Identification of the RNA-Binding Protein STAU2 as a Key Regulator of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153629. [PMID: 35892886 PMCID: PMC9367319 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is one of the most common tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and is difficult to diagnose and treat due to tumor heterogeneity and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. RNA-binding proteins have been studied and their dysregulation has been found to play a key role in altering RNA metabolism in various malignancies. STAU2 is one of them. To investigate the role of STAU2 in PAAD, we monitored the signaling pathway by regulating substrate mRNA and experimentally confirmed that STAU2 is the most potential biomarker for the occurrence and development of PAAD. Furthermore, we found that high expression of STAU2 not only contributes to immune evasion but also correlates with sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents, suggesting that STAU2 may be a potential target for combined natural therapy. These results demonstrate that STAU2 is a novel prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for PAAD, revealing STAU2′s utility in cancer therapy and drug development. Abstract Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a highly aggressive cancer. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate highly dynamic post-transcriptional processes and perform very important biological functions. Although over 1900 RBPs have been identified, most are considered markers of tumor progression, and further information on their general role in PAAD is not known. Here, we report a bioinformatics analysis that identified five hub RBPs and produced a high-value prognostic model based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) datasets. Among these, the prognostic signature of the double-stranded RNA binding protein Staufen double-stranded RNA (STAU2) was identified. Firstly, we found that it is a highly expressed critical regulator of PAAD associated with poor clinical outcomes. Accordingly, the knockdown of STAU2 led to a profound decrease in PAAD cell growth, migration, and invasion and induced apoptosis of PAAD cells. Furthermore, through multiple omics analyses, we identified the key target genes of STAU2: Palladin cytoskeletal associated protein (PALLD), Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (HNRNPU), SERPINE1 mRNA Binding Protein 1 (SERBP1), and DEAD-box polypeptide 3, X-Linked (DDX3X). Finally, we found that a high expression level of STAU2 not only helps PAAD evade the immune response but is also related to chemotherapy drug sensitivity, which implies that STAU2 could serve as a potential target for combinatorial therapy. These findings uncovered a novel role for STAU2 in PAAD aggression and resistance, suggesting that it probably represents a novel therapeutic and drug development target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (W.K.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.J.); (W.C.); (H.S.); (Z.S.); (D.W.); (L.W.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (P.Y.); Tel.: +86-13681986682 (P.Y.)
| | - Wenbin Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (W.K.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.J.); (W.C.); (H.S.); (Z.S.); (D.W.); (L.W.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jiayu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (W.K.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.J.); (W.C.); (H.S.); (Z.S.); (D.W.); (L.W.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jiaxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (W.K.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.J.); (W.C.); (H.S.); (Z.S.); (D.W.); (L.W.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Minghui Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (W.K.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.J.); (W.C.); (H.S.); (Z.S.); (D.W.); (L.W.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Weijiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (W.K.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.J.); (W.C.); (H.S.); (Z.S.); (D.W.); (L.W.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (W.K.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.J.); (W.C.); (H.S.); (Z.S.); (D.W.); (L.W.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhongrui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (W.K.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.J.); (W.C.); (H.S.); (Z.S.); (D.W.); (L.W.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (W.K.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.J.); (W.C.); (H.S.); (Z.S.); (D.W.); (L.W.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Liping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (W.K.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.J.); (W.C.); (H.S.); (Z.S.); (D.W.); (L.W.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization of China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (W.K.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (M.J.); (W.C.); (H.S.); (Z.S.); (D.W.); (L.W.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (P.Y.); Tel.: +86-13681986682 (P.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Brown SZ, McCarthy GA, Carroll JR, Di Niro R, Pelz C, Jain A, Sutton TL, Holly HD, Nevler A, Schultz CW, McCoy MD, Cozzitorto JA, Jiang W, Yeo CJ, Dixon DA, Sears RC, Brody JR. The RNA-Binding Protein HuR Posttranscriptionally Regulates the Protumorigenic Activator YAP1 in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Mol Cell Biol 2022; 42:e0001822. [PMID: 35703534 PMCID: PMC9302082 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00018-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) is indispensable for the development of mutant KRAS-driven pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). High YAP1 mRNA is a prognostic marker for worse overall survival in patient samples; however, the regulatory mechanisms that mediate its overexpression are not well understood. YAP1 genetic alterations are rare in PDAC, suggesting that its dysregulation is likely not due to genetic events. HuR is an RNA-binding protein whose inhibition impacts many cancer-associated pathways, including the "conserved YAP1 signature" as demonstrated by gene set enrichment analysis. Screening publicly available and internal ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation (RNP-IP) RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data sets, we discovered that YAP1 is a high-confidence target, which was validated in vitro with independent RNP-IPs and 3' untranslated region (UTR) binding assays. In accordance with our RNA sequencing analysis, transient inhibition (e.g., small interfering RNA [siRNA] and small-molecular inhibition) and CRISPR knockout of HuR significantly reduced expression of YAP1 and its transcriptional targets. We used these data to develop a HuR activity signature (HAS), in which high expression predicts significantly worse overall and disease-free survival in patient samples. Importantly, the signature strongly correlates with YAP1 mRNA expression. These findings highlight a novel mechanism of YAP1 regulation, which may explain how tumor cells maintain YAP1 mRNA expression at dynamic times during pancreatic tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Z. Brown
- Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Grace A. McCarthy
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - James R. Carroll
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Roberto Di Niro
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Carl Pelz
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Aditi Jain
- Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas L. Sutton
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Hannah D. Holly
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Avinoam Nevler
- Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher W. Schultz
- Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew D. McCoy
- Department of Oncology, Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Joseph A. Cozzitorto
- Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Charles J. Yeo
- Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dan A. Dixon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Rosalie C. Sears
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jonathan R. Brody
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Yu D, Feng Y, Jiang Z, Yan T, Fang K, Shi Y, Zhang J, Zhang S. The role of human antigen R (HuR) in modulating proliferation, senescence and radiosensitivity of skin cells. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:566. [PMID: 35965840 PMCID: PMC9372994 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is the largest outermost organ of the human body. It is vulnerable to various damages, such as ionizing radiation. Exploration of proliferation, senescence and radiosensitivity of skin cells contributes to the development of medical and cosmetic countermeasures against skin aging and toward injury protection. Human antigen R (HuR) is one of the most widely studied RNA-binding proteins and serves an important role in stabilization of mRNA and regulation of the expression of the target genes. To investigate the role of HuR in modulating proliferation, senescence and radiosensitivity of skin cells, the present study performed an in vitro study using lentivirus-mediated overexpression or silencing of HuR in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells and human skin fibroblast WS1 cells. The results indicated that overexpression of HuR promoted proliferation, whereas downregulation of HuR inhibited proliferation of HaCaT and WS1 cells. Overexpression of HuR reduced apoptosis and senescence in skin cells. RNA-Seq of skin cells with HuR overexpression or knockdown identified 77 mRNAs positively or negatively correlated with HuR expression levels. In addition, silencing of HuR induced a significant increase in radiogenic reactive oxygen species after irradiation. Overexpression of HuR increased radiotolerance of HaCaT and WS1 cells. RNA immunoprecipitation coupled with RNA-Seq identified 14 mRNAs interacting with HuR upon radiation exposure. Overall, the findings of the present study illustrated the key role of HuR in modulating proliferation, senescence and radiosensitivity of skin cells providing a new therapeutic strategy for cosmetic treatments and to combat skin injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daojiang Yu
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610051, P.R. China
| | - Yahui Feng
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610051, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610051, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yan
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610051, P.R. China
| | - Kai Fang
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610051, P.R. China
| | - Yuhong Shi
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610051, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Radiation Medicine Department of Institute of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kang H, Huang D, Li H, Deng X, Liu S, Gou W, Liu L, Qiu Y, Yang X. lncNALT knockdown ameliorates hypertensive retinopathy via PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:15003-15012. [PMID: 37105761 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2023.2180591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the role of the long non-coding RNA NOTCH1-associated lncRNA in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (lncNALT) in the pathogenesis of hypertensive retinopathy (HR). LncNALT expression levels were determined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The effects of lncNALT knockdown on the viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (RMECs) were determined via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine staining, and Transwell assays. Protein expression levels were determined using western blotting. We found that lncNALT expression levels were increased in RMECs treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), while the knockdown of lncNALT rescued the viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of RMECs treated with H2O2. Moreover, lncNALT interacted with ELAV like RNA binding protein 1 to affect the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression. Knockdown of lncNALT enhanced the viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of RMECs via the PTEN/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine-threonine kinase (AKT) pathway. Taken together, knockdown of lncNALT enhanced the viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of RMECs via the PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway, suggesting that lncNALT could be a potential therapeutic target for patients with HR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Dongmei Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuejun Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenjun Gou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Linglin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuyan Qiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Targeting the p38α pathway in chronic inflammatory diseases: Could activation, not inhibition, be the appropriate therapeutic strategy? Pharmacol Ther 2022; 235:108153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
46
|
Hu Antigen R (HuR) Protein Structure, Function and Regulation in Hepatobiliary Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112666. [PMID: 35681645 PMCID: PMC9179498 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatobiliary tumors are a group of primary malignancies encompassing the liver, the intra- and extra-hepatic biliary tracts, and the gall bladder. Within the liver, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary cancer, which is, also, representing the third-most recurrent cause of cancer-associated death and the sixth-most prevalent type of tumor worldwide, nowadays. Although less frequent, cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is, currently, a fatal cancer with limited therapeutic options. Here, we review the regulatory role of Hu antigen R (HuR), a ubiquitous member of the ELAV/Hu family of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), in the pathogenesis, progression, and treatment of HCC and CCA. Overall, HuR is proposed as a valuable diagnostic and prognostic marker, as well as a therapeutic target in hepatobiliary cancers. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches that can selectively modulate HuR function appear to be highly attractive for the clinical management of these types of tumors. Abstract Hu antigen R (HuR) is a 36-kDa ubiquitous member of the ELAV/Hu family of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), which plays an important role as a post-transcriptional regulator of specific RNAs under physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer. Herein, we review HuR protein structure, function, and its regulation, as well as its implications in the pathogenesis, progression, and treatment of hepatobiliary cancers. In particular, we focus on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), tumors where the increased cytoplasmic localization of HuR and activity are proposed, as valuable diagnostic and prognostic markers. An overview of the main regulatory axes involving HuR, which are associated with cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, and autophagy in HCC, is provided. These include the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational modulators of HuR function, in addition to HuR target transcripts. Finally, whereas studies addressing the relevance of targeting HuR in CCA are limited, in the past few years, HuR has emerged as a potential therapeutic target in HCC. In fact, the therapeutic efficacy of some pharmacological inhibitors of HuR has been evaluated, in early experimental models of HCC. We, further, discuss the major findings and future perspectives of therapeutic approaches that specifically block HuR interactions, either with post-translational modifiers or cognate transcripts in hepatobiliary cancers.
Collapse
|
47
|
Chen X, Wu J, Li Z, Han J, Xia P, Shen Y, Ma J, Liu X, Zhang J, Yu P. Advances in The Study of RNA-binding Proteins in Diabetic Complications. Mol Metab 2022; 62:101515. [PMID: 35597446 PMCID: PMC9168169 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been reported that diabetes mellitus affects 435 million people globally as a primary health care problem. Despite many therapies available, many diabetes remains uncontrolled, giving rise to irreversible diabetic complications that pose significant risks to patients’ wellbeing and survival. Scope of Review In recent years, as much effort is put into elucidating the posttranscriptional gene regulation network of diabetes and diabetic complications; RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are found to be vital. RBPs regulate gene expression through various post-transcriptional mechanisms, including alternative splicing, RNA export, messenger RNA translation, RNA degradation, and RNA stabilization. Major Conclusions Here, we summarized recent studies on the roles and mechanisms of RBPs in mediating abnormal gene expression in diabetes and its complications. Moreover, we discussed the potential and theoretical basis of RBPs to treat diabetes and its complications. • Mechanisms of action of RBPs involved in diabetic complications are summarized and elucidated. • We discuss the theoretical basis and potential of RBPs for the treatment of diabetes and its complications. • We summarize the possible effective drugs for diabetes based on RBPs promoting the development of future therapeutic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiaqiang Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhangwang Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiashu Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Panpan Xia
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yunfeng Shen
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianyong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, USA
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Peng Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wang K, Tong H, Gao Y, Xia L, Jin X, Li X, Zeng X, Boldogh I, Ke Y, Ba X. Cell-Penetrating Peptide TAT-HuR-HNS3 Suppresses Proinflammatory Gene Expression via Competitively Blocking Interaction of HuR with Its Partners. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:2376-2389. [PMID: 35444028 PMCID: PMC9125198 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines are commonly regulated by RNA-binding proteins at posttranscriptional levels. Human Ag R (HuR)/embryonic lethal abnormal vision-like 1 (ELAVL1) is one of the well-characterized RNA-binding proteins that increases the stability of short-lived mRNAs, which encode proinflammatory mediators. HuR employs its nucleocytoplasmic shuttling sequence (HNS) domain, interacting with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), which accounts for the enhanced poly-ADP-ribosylation and cytoplasmic shuttling of HuR. Also by using its HNS domain, HuR undergoes dimerization/oligomerization, underlying the increased binding of HuR with proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine mRNAs and the disassociation of the miRNA-induced silencing complex from the targets. Therefore, competitively blocking the interactions of HuR with its partners may suppress proinflammatory mediator production. In this study, peptides derived from the sequence of the HuR-HNS domain were synthesized, and their effects on interfering HuR interacting with PARP1 and HuR itself were analyzed. Moreover, cell-penetrating TAT-HuR-HNS3 was delivered into human and mouse cells or administered into mouse lungs with or without exposure of TNF-α or LPS. mRNA levels of proinflammatory mediators as well as neutrophil infiltration were evaluated. We showed that TAT-HuR-HNS3 interrupts HuR-PARP1 interaction and therefore results in a lowered poly-ADP-ribosylation level and decreased cytoplasmic distribution of HuR. TAT-HuR-HNS3 also blocks HuR dimerization and promotes Argonaute 2-based miRNA-induced silencing complex binding to the targets. Moreover, TAT-HuR-HNS3 lowers mRNA stability of proinflammatory mediators in TNF-α-treated epithelial cells and macrophages, and it decreases TNF-α-induced inflammatory responses in lungs of experimental animals. Thus, TAT-HuR-HNS3 is a promising lead peptide for the development of inhibitors to treat inflammation-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Haibin Tong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China; and
| | - Yitian Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China; and
| | - Lan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xianlu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Istvan Boldogh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX
| | - Yueshuang Ke
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China;
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xueqing Ba
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China;
- School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Agarwal A, Alagar S, Kant S, Bahadur RP. Molecular insights into binding dynamics of tandem RNA recognition motifs (tRRMs) of human antigen R (HuR) with mRNA and the effect of point mutations in impaired HuR-mRNA recognition. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-17. [PMID: 35538713 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2073270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Human antigen R (HuR) is a key regulatory protein with prominent roles in RNA metabolism and post-transcriptional gene regulation. Many studies have shown the involvement of HuR in plethora of human diseases, which are often manifestations of impaired HuR-RNA interactions. However, the inherent complexities of highly flexible protein-RNA interactions have limited our understanding of the structural basis of HuR-RNA recognition. In this study, we dissect the underlying molecular mechanism of interaction between N-terminal tandem RNA-recognition motifs (tRRMs) of HuR and mRNA using molecular dynamics simulation. We have also explored the effect of point mutations (T90A, R97A and R136A) of three reported critical residues in HuR-mRNA binding specificity. Our findings show that N-terminal tRRMs exhibit conformational stability upon RNA binding. We further show that R136A and R97A mutants significantly lose their binding affinity owing to the loss of critical interactions with mRNA. This may be attributed to the larger domain rearrangements in the mutant complexes, especially the β2β3 loops in both the tRRMs, leading to unfavourable conformations and loss of binding affinity. We have identified critical binding residues in tRRMs of HuR, contributing favourable binding energy in mRNA recognition. This study contributes significantly to understand the molecular mechanism of RNA recognition by tandem RRMs and provides a platform to modulate binding affinities through mutations. This may further guide in future structure-based drug-therapies targeting impaired HuR-RNA interactions.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Agarwal
- School of Bio Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.,Computational Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Suresh Alagar
- Computational Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Shri Kant
- Computational Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Ranjit Prasad Bahadur
- Computational Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wu X, Xu L. The RNA-binding protein HuR in human cancer: A friend or foe? Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 184:114179. [PMID: 35248670 PMCID: PMC9035123 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are critical trans factors that associate with specific cis elements present in mRNAs whose stability and translation are subject to regulation. The RBP Hu antigen R (HuR) is overexpressed in a wide variety of human cancers and serves as a prognostic factor of poor clinical outcome. HuR promotes tumorigenesis by interacting with a subset of oncogenic mRNAs implicated in different cancer hallmarks, and resistance to therapy. Reduction of HuR levels in cancer cells leads to tumor regression in mouse xenograft models. These findings prompt a working model whereby cancer cells use HuR, a master switch of multiple oncogenic mRNAs, to drive drug resistance and promote cell survival and metastasis, thus rendering the tumor cells with high cytoplasmic HuR more progressive and resistant to therapy. This review summarizes the roles of HuR in cancer and other diseases, therapeutic potential of HuR inhibition, and the current status of drug discovery on HuR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Wu
- Higuchi Biosciences Center, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA; The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
| | - Liang Xu
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
| |
Collapse
|