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Ali I, Zhang H, Zaidi SAA, Zhou G. Understanding the intricacies of cellular senescence in atherosclerosis: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102273. [PMID: 38492810 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is currently the largest cause of mortality and disability globally, surpassing communicable diseases, and atherosclerosis is the main contributor to this epidemic. Aging is intimately linked to atherosclerosis development and progression, however, the mechanism of aging in atherosclerosis is not well known. To emphasize the significant research on the involvement of senescent cells in atherosclerosis, we begin by outlining compelling evidence that indicates various types of senescent cells and SASP factors linked to atherosclerotic phenotypes. We subsequently provide a comprehensive summary of the existing knowledge, shedding light on the intricate mechanisms through which cellular senescence contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Further, we cover that senescence can be identified by both structural changes and several senescence-associated biomarkers. Finally, we discuss that preventing accelerated cellular senescence represents an important therapeutic potential, as permanent changes may occur in advanced atherosclerosis. Together, the review summarizes the relationship between cellular senescence and atherosclerosis, and inspects the molecular knowledge, and potential clinical significance of senescent cells in developing senescent-based therapy, thus providing crucial insights into their biology and potential therapeutic exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyas Ali
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genomic Stability and Disease Prevention, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, and Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Regenerative Technologies for Orthopaedic Diseases, Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Syed Aqib Ali Zaidi
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genomic Stability and Disease Prevention, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, and Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Regenerative Technologies for Orthopaedic Diseases, Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Guangqian Zhou
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genomic Stability and Disease Prevention, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, and Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Regenerative Technologies for Orthopaedic Diseases, Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, PR China.
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Pyrpyris N, Dimitriadis K, Beneki E, Iliakis P, Soulaidopoulos S, Tsioufis P, Adamopoulou E, Kasiakogias A, Sakalidis A, Koutsopoulos G, Aggeli K, Tsioufis K. LOX-1 Receptor: A Diagnostic Tool and Therapeutic Target in Atherogenesis. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102117. [PMID: 37802161 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) are major contributors to atherogenesis, as endogenous antigens, via several receptors such as LOX 1. A PubMed search was conducted in order to identify relevant articles regarding LOX-1's role in the atherosclerosis, diagnosis, prognostic use and molecules that could be used for therapy. The references of the manuscripts obtained were also reviewed, in order to find additional relevant bibliography. LOX-1 is a lectin-like pattern recognition receptor, mostly expressed in endothelial cells (ECs) which can bind a variety of molecules, including oxLDL and C-reactive protein (CRP). LOX-1 plays a key role in oxLDL's role as a causative agent of atherosclerosis through several pathologic mechanisms, such as oxLDL deposition in the subintima, foam cell formation and endothelial dysfunction. Additionally, LOX-1 acts a scavenger receptor for oxLDL in macrophages and can be responsible for oxLDL uptake, when stimulated. Serum LOX-1 (sLOX-1) has emerged as a new, potential biomarker for diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes, and it seems promising for use along with other common biomarkers in everyday clinical practice. In a therapeutic perspective, natural as well as synthetic molecules exert anti-LOX-1 properties and attain the receptor's pathophysiological effects, thus extensive research is ongoing to further evaluate molecules with therapeutic potential. However, most of these molecules need further trials in order to properly assess their safety and efficacy for clinical use. The aim of this review is to investigate LOX-1 role in atherogenesis and explore its potential as diagnostic tool and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Pyrpyris
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Dimitriadis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - Eirini Beneki
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Iliakis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stergios Soulaidopoulos
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Tsioufis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Elena Adamopoulou
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Kasiakogias
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Sakalidis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George Koutsopoulos
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Aggeli
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
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3
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Golubovic A, Tsai S, Li B. Bioinspired Lipid Nanocarriers for RNA Delivery. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2023; 3:114-136. [PMID: 37101812 PMCID: PMC10125326 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.2c00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
RNA therapy is a disruptive technology comprising a rapidly expanding category of drugs. Further translation of RNA therapies to the clinic will improve the treatment of many diseases and help enable personalized medicine. However, in vivo delivery of RNA remains challenging due to the lack of appropriate delivery tools. Current state-of-the-art carriers such as ionizable lipid nanoparticles still face significant challenges, including frequent localization to clearance-associated organs and limited (1-2%) endosomal escape. Thus, delivery vehicles must be improved to further unlock the full potential of RNA therapeutics. An emerging strategy is to modify existing or new lipid nanocarriers by incorporating bioinspired design principles. This method generally aims to improve tissue targeting, cellular uptake, and endosomal escape, addressing some of the critical issues facing the field. In this review, we introduce the different strategies for creating bioinspired lipid-based RNA carriers and discuss the potential implications of each strategy based on reported findings. These strategies include incorporating naturally derived lipids into existing nanocarriers and mimicking bioderived molecules, viruses, and exosomes. We evaluate each strategy based on the critical factors required for delivery vehicles to succeed. Finally, we point to areas of research that should be furthered to enable the more successful rational design of lipid nanocarriers for RNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Golubovic
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Shannon Tsai
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Bowen Li
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
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4
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Amraotkar AR, Owolabi US, Malovichko MV, Majid S, Weisbrod RM, Benjamin EJ, Fetterman JL, Hirsch GA, Srivastava S, Poudel R, Robertson RM, Bhatnagar A, Hamburg NM, Keith RJ. Association of electronic cigarette use with circulating angiogenic cell levels in healthy young adults: Evidence for chronic systemic injury. Vasc Med 2023; 28:18-27. [PMID: 36503365 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x221126205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating angiogenic cells (CACs) are indicative of vascular health and repair capacity; however, their relationship with chronic e-cigarette use is unclear. This study aims to assess the association between e-cigarette use and CAC levels. METHODS We analyzed CAC levels in 324 healthy participants aged 21-45 years from the cross-sectional Cardiovascular Injury due to Tobacco Use study in four groups: never tobacco users (n = 65), sole e-cigarette users (n = 19), sole combustible cigarette users (n = 212), and dual users (n = 28). A total of 15 CAC subpopulations with four cell surface markers were measured using flow cytometry: CD146 (endothelial), CD34 (stem), CD45 (leukocyte), and AC133 (early progenitor/stem). Generalized linear models with gamma distribution and log-link were generated to assess association between CACs and smoking status. Benjamini-Hochberg were used to adjust p-values for multiple comparisons. RESULTS The cohort was 47% female, 51% Black/African American, with a mean (± SD) age of 31 ± 7 years. Sole cigarette use was significantly associated with higher levels of two endothelial marker CACs (Q ⩽ 0.05). Dual users had higher levels of four endothelial marker CACs and one early progenitor/stem marker CAC (Q ⩽ 0.05). Sole e-cigarette users had higher levels of one endothelial and one leukocyte marker CAC (Q ⩽ 0.05). CONCLUSION Dual use of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes was associated with higher levels of endothelial origin CACs, indicative of vascular injury. Sole use of e-cigarettes was associated with higher endothelial and inflammatory CACs, suggesting ongoing systemic injury. Distinct patterns of changes in CAC subpopulations suggest that CACs may be informative biomarkers of changes in vascular health due to tobacco product use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok R Amraotkar
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ugochukwu S Owolabi
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Marina V Malovichko
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.,Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Sana Majid
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert M Weisbrod
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica L Fetterman
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Glenn A Hirsch
- Department of Cardiology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.,Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ram Poudel
- American Heart Association, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Naomi M Hamburg
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel J Keith
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
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Schalkwijk CG, Micali LR, Wouters K. Advanced glycation endproducts in diabetes-related macrovascular complications: focus on methylglyoxal. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:49-60. [PMID: 36446668 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with vascular injury and the onset of macrovascular complications. Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and the AGE precursor methylglyoxal (MGO) have been identified as key players in establishing the relationship between diabetes and vascular injury. While most research has focused on the link between AGEs and vascular injury, less is known about the effects of MGO on vasculature. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms linking AGEs and MGO to the development of atherosclerosis. AGEs and MGO are involved in many stages of atherosclerosis progression. However, more research is needed to determine the exact mechanisms underlying these effects. Nevertheless, AGEs and MGO could represent valid therapeutic targets for the macrovascular complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, MUMC+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kristiaan Wouters
- Department of Internal Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, MUMC+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Phowira J, Ahmed FW, Bakhashab S, Weaver JU. Upregulated miR-18a-5p in Colony Forming Unit-Hill’s in Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease and Metformin Therapy; MERIT Study. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092136. [PMID: 36140236 PMCID: PMC9496122 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colony forming unit-Hill’s (CFU-Hill’s) colonies are hematopoietic-derived cells that participate in neovasculogenesis and serve as a biomarker for vascular health. In animals, overexpression of miR-18a-5p was shown to be pro-atherogenic. We had shown that well-controlled type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by an inflammatory state, endothelial dysfunction, and reduced number of CFU-Hill’s, a model of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD). MERIT study explored the role of miR-18a-5p expression in CFU-Hill’s colonies in T1DM, and the cardioprotective effect of metformin in subclinical CVD. In T1DM, miR-18a-5p was significantly upregulated whereas metformin reduced it to HC levels. MiR-18a-5p was inversely correlated with CFU-Hill’s colonies, CD34+, CD34+CD133+ cells, and positively with IL-10, C-reactive protein, vascular endothelial growth factor-D (VEGF-D), and thrombomodulin. The receiver operating characteristic curve demonstrated, miR-18a-5p as a biomarker of T1DM, and upregulated miR-18a-5p defining subclinical CVD at HbA1c of 44.5 mmol/mol (pre-diabetes). Ingenuity pathway analysis documented miR-18a-5p inhibiting mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor-1, estrogen receptor-1, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α cellular communication network factor-2, and protein inhibitor of activated STAT 3, whilst metformin upregulated these mRNAs via transforming growth factor beta-1 and VEGF. We confirmed the pro-atherogenic effect of miR-18a-5p in subclinical CVD and identified several target genes for future CVD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Phowira
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Fahad W. Ahmed
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Department of Diabetes, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, Newcastle upon Tyne NE9 6SH, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Madinah 42522, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherin Bakhashab
- Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80218, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jolanta U. Weaver
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Department of Diabetes, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, Newcastle upon Tyne NE9 6SH, UK
- Vascular Biology and Medicine Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-191-445-2181
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7
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Scicali R, Mandraffino G, Scuruchi M, Lo Gullo A, Di Pino A, Ferrara V, Morace C, Aragona CO, Squadrito G, Purrello F, Piro S. Effects of Lipid Lowering Therapy Optimization by PCSK9 Inhibitors on Circulating CD34+ Cells and Pulse Wave Velocity in Familial Hypercholesterolemia Subjects without Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Real-World Data from Two Lipid Units. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071715. [PMID: 35885020 PMCID: PMC9312801 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Circulating CD34+ progenitor cells (CD34+CPCs) are characterized by pronounced tissue regeneration activity. Dyslipidemic subjects seemed to have reduced CD34+CPCs, and statin therapy appeared to restore their levels. We aimed to evaluate the effects of PCSK9 inhibitors (PCSK9-i) on CD34+CPCs and pulse wave velocity (PWV) in a cohort of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) subjects. Methods: We determined CD34+ cell count and its change after PCSK9-i in 30 selected HeFH subjects and 30 healthy controls. Lipid profile and PWV were evaluated at baseline (T0), 6 months after intensive lipid lowering strategy (statin plus ezetimibe, T1), and after 6 months of optimized therapy with PCSK9-i (T2); CD34+ cell count was reported at T1 and T2. Results: At T1, the median value of CD34+ cells was not significantly different between HeFH subjects and controls, and the same result was obtained at T2. PWV was significantly reduced at T1 (ΔPWV − 14.8%, p < 0.001 vs. T0) and T2 (ΔPWV − 10.96%, p < 0.001 vs. T1). Dividing HeFH subjects into two groups of high- and low-CD34+ cell count, CD34+CPCs appeared to be polarized with a significant difference between the two groups (1.2 (0.46) vs. 4.74 (1.92), p < 0.001), also with respect to controls (both p < 0.001). This polarization was no longer observed at T2, and neither with respect to controls. ΔCD34+ was +67.4% in the low-CD34+ group and −39.24% in the high-CD34+ group (p < 0.001). Lastly, we found a significant correlation between ΔCD34+ cell number and ΔPWV in HeFH subjects (rho = −0.365, p < 0.05), particularly in the low-CD34+ group (rho = −0.681, p < 0.001). Conclusion: PCSK9-i exhibited favorable effects on CD34 + CPCs as was on PWV values in a cohort of FH subjects. Our preliminary findings suggest a possible positive role of this novel lipid-lowering strategy on vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Scicali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (A.D.P.); (V.F.); (F.P.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (G.M.); Tel.: +39-0957598401 (R.S.); +39-0902212359 (G.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Mandraffino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, University Hospital G. Martino, Lipid Center, 98100 Messina, Italy; (M.S.); (C.M.); (C.O.A.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (G.M.); Tel.: +39-0957598401 (R.S.); +39-0902212359 (G.M.)
| | - Michele Scuruchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, University Hospital G. Martino, Lipid Center, 98100 Messina, Italy; (M.S.); (C.M.); (C.O.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Alberto Lo Gullo
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, ARNAS Garibaldi Hospital, 95100 Catania, Italy;
| | - Antonino Di Pino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (A.D.P.); (V.F.); (F.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Viviana Ferrara
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (A.D.P.); (V.F.); (F.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Carmela Morace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, University Hospital G. Martino, Lipid Center, 98100 Messina, Italy; (M.S.); (C.M.); (C.O.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Caterina Oriana Aragona
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, University Hospital G. Martino, Lipid Center, 98100 Messina, Italy; (M.S.); (C.M.); (C.O.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Giovanni Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, University Hospital G. Martino, Lipid Center, 98100 Messina, Italy; (M.S.); (C.M.); (C.O.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Francesco Purrello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (A.D.P.); (V.F.); (F.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Salvatore Piro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy; (A.D.P.); (V.F.); (F.P.); (S.P.)
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Sauter M, Langer HF. Targeting Cell-Specific Molecular Mechanisms of Innate Immunity in Atherosclerosis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:802990. [PMID: 35432000 PMCID: PMC9010538 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.802990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of innate immunity contribute to inflammation, one of the major underlying causes of atherogenesis and progression of atherosclerotic vessel disease. How immune cells exactly contribute to atherosclerosis and interact with molecules of cholesterol homeostasis is still a matter of intense research. Recent evidence has proposed a potential role of previously underappreciated cell types in this chronic disease including platelets and dendritic cells (DCs). The pathophysiology of atherosclerosis is studied in models with dysfunctional lipid homeostasis and several druggable molecular targets are derived from these models. Specific therapeutic approaches focussing on these immune mechanisms, however, have not been successfully introduced into everyday clinical practice, yet. This review highlights molecular insights into immune processes related to atherosclerosis and potential future translational approaches targeting these molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Sauter
- Cardioimmunology Group, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - H. F. Langer
- Cardioimmunology Group, Medical Clinic II, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Luebeck, University Hospital, Luebeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Lübeck, Germany
- *Correspondence: H. F. Langer,
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9
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Sun X, Liu B. Donepezil ameliorates oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced brain microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction via the SIRT1/FOXO3a/NF-κB pathways. Bioengineered 2022; 13:7760-7770. [PMID: 35286233 PMCID: PMC9208472 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2045833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a disease in which brain tissue is damaged by a sudden rupture or blockage of a blood vessel in the brain that prevents blood from flowing to the brain. Extensive literature has demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of donepezil on brain injury, and this paper attempts to further reveal the effect of donepezil on brain microvascular endothelial cells dysfunction. Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) were treated with oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) to induced brain microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction. The OGD/R-induced cell were added with different doses of donepezil with or without Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) inhibitor EX527. Cell viability of HBMECs was examined by cell counting kit (CCK)-8 assay. OGD/R-treated cell migration was assessed by wound healing assay while angiogenesis in HBMECs was examined by tube formation assay and Western blot analysis. Endothelial cell dysfunction was assessed employing fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran assay and Western blotting. SIRTI/FOXO3a/NF-kB signaling pathway-related protein expressions were detected using Western blotting. After pretreatment with SIRT1 inhibitor EX527, the above experiments were done again. Donepezil increased cell viability of OGD/R-induced HBMECs, promoted cell migration and angiogenesis, decreased cell permeability, and upregulated the expressions of tight junction proteins. In addition, donepezil regulated the expressions of SIRT1/FOXO3a/NF-κB signaling pathways. However, pretreatment with the SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 reversed the protective effect of donepezil on OGD/R-induced HBMECs. In summary, Donepezil ameliorates OGD/R-induced brain microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction via the SIRT1/FOXO3a/NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueming Sun
- Baotou Vocational and Technical College, Baotou City, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Baotou Vocational and Technical College, Baotou City, Inner Mongolia, China
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10
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Lv K, Kong L, Yang M, Zhang L, Chu S, Zhang L, Yu J, Zhong G, Shi Y, Wang X, Yang N. An ApoA-I Mimic Peptide of 4F Promotes SDF-1α Expression in Endothelial Cells Through PI3K/Akt/ERK/HIF-1α Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:760908. [PMID: 35111045 PMCID: PMC8801807 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.760908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) seriously impairs the health of human beings and is manifested initially as endothelial cells (ECs) impairment and dysfunction in vascular intima, which can be alleviated through mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) induced by stromal-cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α). A strong inverse correlation between HDL and AS has been proposed. The aim of the present work is to investigate whether 4F, an apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I, major component protein of HDL) mimic peptide, can upregulate SDF-1α in mice and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the underlying mechanism. The protein levels of SDF-1α were measured by ELISA assay. Protein levels of HIF-1α, phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), and phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) were evaluated by Western blotting analysis. The results show that L-4F significantly upregulates protein levels of HIF-1α, Akt, and ERK, which can be inhibited by the PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, or ERK inhibitor, PD98059, respectively. Particularly, LY294002 can downregulate the levels of p-ERK, while PD98059 cannot suppress that of p-Akt. D-4F can upregulate the levels of HIF, p-Akt, and p-ERK in the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava from mice. These results suggest that 4F promotes SDF-1α expression in ECs through PI3K/Akt/ERK/HIF-1α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Lv
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Lingyu Kong
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Mei Yang
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Shangmin Chu
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Lichun Zhang
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jielun Yu
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Medical Laboratory Animal Center, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Weifang Key Laboratory of Animal Model Research on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Weifang, China
| | - Guoshen Zhong
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yanhua Shi
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Weifang Key Laboratory of Animal Model Research on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Weifang, China.,School of Public Health and Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Nana Yang
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Medical Laboratory Animal Center, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.,Weifang Key Laboratory of Animal Model Research on Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Weifang, China
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11
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Arjmand B, Abedi M, Arabi M, Alavi-Moghadam S, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Hadavandkhani M, Tayanloo-Beik A, Kordi R, Roudsari PP, Larijani B. Regenerative Medicine for the Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease; Status and Future Perspectives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:704903. [PMID: 34568321 PMCID: PMC8461329 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.704903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is now the leading cause of adult death in the world. According to new estimates from the World Health Organization, myocardial infarction (MI) is responsible for four out of every five deaths due to cardiovascular disease. Conventional treatments of MI are taking aspirin and nitroglycerin as intermediate treatments and injecting antithrombotic agents within the first 3 h after MI. Coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous coronary intervention are the most common long term treatments. Since none of these interventions will fully regenerate the infarcted myocardium, there is value in pursuing more innovative therapeutic approaches. Regenerative medicine is an innovative interdisciplinary method for rebuilding, replacing, or repairing the missed part of different organs in the body, as similar as possible to the primary structure. In recent years, regenerative medicine has been widely utilized as a treatment for ischemic heart disease (one of the most fatal factors around the world) to repair the lost part of the heart by using stem cells. Here, the development of mesenchymal stem cells causes a breakthrough in the treatment of different cardiovascular diseases. They are easily obtainable from different sources, and expanded and enriched easily, with no need for immunosuppressing agents before transplantation, and fewer possibilities of genetic abnormality accompany them through multiple passages. The production of new cardiomyocytes can result from the transplantation of different types of stem cells. Accordingly, due to its remarkable benefits, stem cell therapy has received attention in recent years as it provides a drug-free and surgical treatment for patients and encourages a more safe and feasible cardiac repair. Although different clinical trials have reported on the promising benefits of stem cell therapy, there is still uncertainty about its mechanism of action. It is important to conduct different preclinical and clinical studies to explore the exact mechanism of action of the cells. After reviewing the pathophysiology of MI, this study addresses the role of tissue regeneration using various materials, including different types of stem cells. It proves some appropriate data about the importance of ethical problems, which leads to future perspectives on this scientific method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Abedi
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Arabi
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Alavi-Moghadam
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahdieh Hadavandkhani
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Tayanloo-Beik
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Kordi
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyvand Parhizkar Roudsari
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Cyclosporine A and Tacrolimus Induce Functional Impairment and Inflammatory Reactions in Endothelial Progenitor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189696. [PMID: 34575860 PMCID: PMC8472421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppressants are a mandatory therapy for transplant patients to avoid rejection of the transplanted organ by the immune system. However, there are several known side effects, including alterations of the vasculature, which involve a higher occurrence of cardiovascular events. While the effects of the commonly applied immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporine A (CsA) and tacrolimus (Tac) on mature endothelial cells have been addressed in several studies, we focused our research on the unexplored effects of CsA and Tac on endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs), a subgroup of endothelial progenitor cells, which play an important role in vascular repair and angiogenesis. We hypothesized that CsA and Tac induce functional defects and activate an inflammatory cascade via NF-κB signaling in ECFCs. ECFCs were incubated with different doses (0.01 µM–10 µM) of CsA or Tac. ECFC function was determined using in vitro models. The expression of inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules was explored by quantitative real-time PCR and flow cytometry. NF-κB subunit modification was assessed by immunoblot and immunofluorescence. CsA and Tac significantly impaired ECFC function, including proliferation, migration, and tube formation. TNF-α, IL-6, VCAM, and ICAM mRNA expression, as well as PECAM and VCAM surface expression, were enhanced. Furthermore, CsA and Tac led to NF-κB p65 subunit phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB by parthenolide diminished CsA- and Tac-mediated proinflammatory effects. The data of functional impairment and activation of inflammatory signals provide new insight into mechanisms associated with CsA and Tac and cardiovascular risk in transplant patients.
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Effect of endothelial progenitor cell-derived extracellular vesicles on endothelial cell ferroptosis and atherosclerotic vascular endothelial injury. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:235. [PMID: 34493702 PMCID: PMC8423825 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00610-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) can overcome endothelial dysfunction and reduce AS risk. This study focused on the role of EPC-secreted extracellular vesicles (EPC-EVs) in AS. First, mouse EPCs and mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAECs) were isolated and identified. EVs were isolated from EPCs and identified. EPC-EVs were co-cultured with MAECs and the internalization of EVs was observed. Glutathione (GSH) consumption, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation, and iron accumulation and cell death in endothelial cells were detected. The binding relationship between miR-199a-3p and specificity protein 1 (SP1) was confirmed using dual-luciferase and RIP assays. The mouse model of AS was established. The relationships between miR-199a-3p expression and aortic area plaque and serum pro-inflammatory factor were analyzed. The degree of atherosclerotic lesion was detected using oil red O staining and the serum inflammatory factors were detected using ELISA. Our results elicited that EPC-EVs inhibited cell death, GSH consumption, ROS production, lipid peroxidation, and iron accumulation in endothelial cells, thereby suppressing ferroptosis of endothelial cells. EPC-EVs transferred miR-199a-3p into endothelial cells. miR-199a-3p targeted SP1. Silencing miR-199a-3p or overexpression of SP1 in endothelial cells reversed the effect of EPC-EVs on ferroptosis of endothelial cells. In vivo experiments confirmed that EPC-EVs inhibited ferroptosis of endothelial cells and then alleviated the occurrence of AS via the miR-199a-3p/SP1 axis. To conclude, EPC-EVs transferred miR-199a-3p to inhibit SP1, thus repressing ferroptosis of endothelial cells and retarding the occurrence of AS.
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D'Onofrio N, Sardu C, Trotta MC, Scisciola L, Turriziani F, Ferraraccio F, Panarese I, Petrella L, Fanelli M, Modugno P, Massetti M, Marfella LV, Sasso FC, Rizzo MR, Barbieri M, Furbatto F, Minicucci F, Mauro C, Federici M, Balestrieri ML, Paolisso G, Marfella R. Sodium-glucose co-transporter2 expression and inflammatory activity in diabetic atherosclerotic plaques: Effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter2 inhibitor treatment. Mol Metab 2021; 54:101337. [PMID: 34500107 PMCID: PMC8473552 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We evaluated sodium-glucose co-transporter2 (SGLT2) expression and the effect of SGLT2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) therapies on carotid plaques of asymptomatic diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Methods Plaques were obtained from 296 non-diabetic patients and 227 patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing carotid endarterectomy. 97 patients with type 2 diabetes were treated with SGLT2 inhibitors for 16 ± 4 months before endarterectomy. After propensity score matching analysis, patients with type 2 diabetes were categorized without (n = 87) and with SGLT2i therapy (n = 87). To investigate SGLT2 expression levels' effects on major adverse endpoints (MACE = stroke, transient ischemic attack, myocardial infarction, and death), we evaluated MACE outcomes at a 2-year follow-up. Results Compared to plaques from patients without diabetes, plaques from patients with diabetes had higher SGLT2 expression, inflammation, and oxidative stress, along with lower SIRT6 expression and collagen content. Compared with plaques from patients with diabetes, SGLT2i-treated patients with type 2 diabetes presented increased SIRT6 expression and collagen content and lowered inflammation and ion and oxidative stress, thus indicating a more stable plaque phenotype. These results supported in vitro observations on human aorta endothelial cells (EC) (TeloHAEC-cells). Indeed, EC treated with high glucose (25 mM) in the presence of SGLT2i (100 nM canagliflozin) presented higher SIRT6 expression and decreased mRNA and protein SGLT2 levels, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-B(NF-κB), and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) expression compared to cells treated only with high glucose. After two years following endarterectomy, a multivariable Cox regression analysis showed significantly higher 2-year overall survival from MACE in patients without diabetes (P < 0.01). Among patient with diabetes, the current SGLT2i users presented a significantly lower rate of MACE through 2 years compared to non-SGLT2i users (P < 0.05). Conclusions These findings unveil a critical involvement of the SGLT2/SIRT6 pathway in the inflammatory process of diabetic atherosclerotic lesions and suggest its possible favorable modulation by SGLT2i. The identification of novel molecular targets of atherosclerosis progression is of utmost importance in diabetic patients. The occurrence of SGLT2 receptors on the endothelial cells of atherosclerotic plaques may be an attractive therapeutic option for atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes. SGLT2/SIRT6 represents an attractive option, given its crucial involvement in atherosclerosis progression. The endothelial SGLT2 inhibition increases the endothelial expression of SIRT6, yielding an improved atherosclerotic plaque phenotype and 2-year outcome. The impairment of the endothelial SGLT2/SIRT6 pathway worsens outcomes in atherosclerotic patients with diabetes; this may be a potential preventive target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia D'Onofrio
- Department of Precision Medicine, the University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Italy
| | - Celestino Sardu
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Italy
| | - Maria Consiglia Trotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Italy
| | - Lucia Scisciola
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Italy
| | - Fabrizio Turriziani
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Italy
| | - Franca Ferraraccio
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistic, the University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Naples, Italy
| | - Iacopo Panarese
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Statistic, the University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Naples, Italy
| | - Lella Petrella
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Gemelli Molise SpA, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Mara Fanelli
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gemelli Molise SpA, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Piero Modugno
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Massetti
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gemelli Molise SpA, Campobasso, Italy
| | | | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Rizzo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Italy
| | - Michelangela Barbieri
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Italy
| | - Fulvio Furbatto
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Minicucci
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Mauro
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Cardarelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Paolisso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Italy; Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli,", Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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Role of Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1 in Endothelial Progenitor Cell-Mediated Vascular Repair and Regeneration. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 18:747-758. [PMID: 34449064 PMCID: PMC8440704 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00366-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are immature endothelial cells that participate in vascular repair and postnatal neovascularization and provide a novel and promising therapy for the treatment of vascular disease. Studies in different animal models have shown that EPC mobilization through pharmacological agents and autologous EPC transplantation contribute to restoring blood supply and tissue regeneration after ischemic injury. However, these effects of the progenitor cells in clinical studies exhibit mixed results. The therapeutic efficacy of EPCs is closely associated with the number of the progenitor cells recruited into ischemic regions and their functional abilities and survival in injury tissues. In this review, we discussed the regulating role of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (also known CXCL12, SDF-1) in EPC mobilization, recruitment, homing, vascular repair and neovascularization, and analyzed the underlying machemisms of these functions. Application of SDF-1 to improve the regenerative function of EPCs following vascular injury was also discussed. SDF-1 plays a crucial role in mobilizing EPC from bone marrow into peripheral circulation, recruiting the progenitor cells to target tissue and protecting against cell death under pathological conditions; thus improve EPC regenerative capacity. SDF-1 are crucial for regulating EPC regenerative function, and provide a potential target for improve therapeutic efficacy of the progenitor cells in treatment of vascular disease.
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16
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Neovascularization and tissue regeneration by endothelial progenitor cells in ischemic stroke. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:3585-3593. [PMID: 34216308 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are immature endothelial cells (ECs) capable of proliferating and differentiating into mature ECs. These progenitor cells migrate from bone marrow (BM) after vascular injury to ischemic areas, where they participate in the repair of injured endothelium and new blood vessel formation. EPCs also secrete a series of protective cytokines and growth factors that support cell survival and tissue regeneration. Thus, EPCs provide novel and promising potential therapies to treat vascular disease, including ischemic stroke. However, EPCs are tightly regulated during the process of vascular repair and regeneration by numerous endogenous cytokines that are associated closely with the therapeutic efficacy of the progenitor cells. The regenerative capacity of EPCs also is affected by a range of exogenous factors and drugs as well as vascular risk factors. Understanding the functional properties of EPCs and the factors related to their regenerative capacity will facilitate better use of these progenitor cells in treating vascular disease. Here, we review the current knowledge of EPCs in cerebral neovascularization and tissue regeneration after cerebral ischemia and the factors associated with their regenerative function to better understand the underlying mechanisms and provide more effective strategies for the use of EPCs in treating ischemic stroke.
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Kukumberg M, Zaw AM, Wong DHC, Toh CM, Chan BPL, Seet RCS, Wong PTH, Yim EKF. Characterization and Functional Assessment of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Ischemic Stroke Patients. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:952-967. [PMID: 33170433 PMCID: PMC7653671 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10064-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction has been implicated in atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, and stroke. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), found in the bone marrow and peripheral blood as rare cell population, demonstrated a high proliferation and differentiation capacity. Understanding how such diseases influence the quantity and functionality of EPCs is essential for the development of novel therapies. This study aims to investigate the factors that affect the quantity and functionality of circulating EPCs in stroke patients and healthy controls. Blood samples were collected once from healthy donors (n = 30) and up to 3 times (within 7 days (baseline), 3 and 12 months post-stroke) from stroke patients (n = 207). EPC subpopulations were isolated with flow cytometry for characterization. The Matrigel tubular formation assay was performed as a measure of functionality. An increased amount of circulating EPCs was observed in stroke patients over 45 years when compared to age-matched healthy individuals. EPCs showed a rising trend in stroke patients over the 12-month post-stroke period, reaching statistical significance at 12 months post-stroke. Isolated CD34+KDR+ cells from stroke patients showed impairment in tubular formation capability when compared to cells from healthy donors. The quantity and vasculogenic function of circulating EPCs in peripheral blood have been effectively evaluated in stroke patients and healthy control donors in this study. Age and stroke are found to be 2 influencing factors on the angiogenic capacity. It is suggested that the increase in EPC number is triggered by the recovery response following ischemic stroke. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kukumberg
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, #05-01 T-lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Aung Moe Zaw
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Daniel H C Wong
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, #05-01 T-lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16, Medical Drive, #04-01, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Chin Min Toh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16, Medical Drive, #04-01, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Bernard P L Chan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raymond C S Seet
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Level 10, NUHS Tower Block, 1E Kent Ride Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Peter T H Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16, Medical Drive, #04-01, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Evelyn K F Yim
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, #05-01 T-lab, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411, Singapore.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Biotherapeutic-loaded injectable hydrogels as a synergistic strategy to support myocardial repair after myocardial infarction. J Control Release 2021; 335:216-236. [PMID: 34022323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) has been considered as the leading cause of cardiovascular-related deaths worldwide. Although traditional therapeutic agents including various bioactive species such as growth factors, stem cells, and nucleic acids have demonstrated somewhat usefulness for the restoration of cardiac functions, the therapeutic efficiency remains unsatisfactory most likely due to the off-target-associated side effects and low localized retention of the used therapeutic agents in the infarcted myocardium, which constitutes a substantial barrier for the effective treatment of MI. Injectable hydrogels are regarded as a minimally invasive technology that can overcome the clinical and surgical limitations of traditional stenting by a modulated sol-gel transition and localized transport of a variety of encapsulated cargoes, leading to enhanced therapeutic efficiency and improved patient comfort and compliance. However, the design of injectable hydrogels for myocardial repair and the mechanism of action of bioactive substance-loaded hydrogels for MI repair remain unclear. To elucidate these points, we summarized the recent progresses made on the use of injectable hydrogels for encapsulation of various therapeutic substances for MI treatment with an emphasis on the mechanism of action of hydrogel systems for myocardial repair. Specifically, the pathogenesis of MI and the rational design of injectable hydrogels for myocardial repair were presented. Next, the mechanisms of various biotherapeutic substance-loaded injectable hydrogels for myocardial repair was discussed. Finally, the potential challenges and future prospects for the use of injectable hydrogels for MI treatment were proposed for the purpose of drawing theoretical guidance on the development of novel therapeutic strategies for efficient treatment of MI.
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Increased number of endothelial progenitor cells in the blood of patients with psoriasis vulgaris. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2021; 38:214-221. [PMID: 36751552 PMCID: PMC9880778 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2021.106199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) is a common dermatosis characterized by excessive activation of neovascularization. Latest research has shown that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are a crucial factor involved in the repair of endothelial injury and formation of new blood vessels, in a process termed postnatal vasculogenesis. However, the exact mechanism of creating psoriatic skin patches and the involvement of EPCs in this process remains unknown. Aim To evaluate the number of EPCs in the blood of patients with PsV, characterized by the expression of specific cell surface markers, including CD45-, CD31+, CD34+ and CD133+. Material and methods A total of 49 patients suffering from PsV and 40 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. The number of EPCs in each of the volunteers' whole blood samples was measured with a FACSCalibur flow cytometer using monoclonal antibodies directed against antigens specific for EPCs. Results The number of EPCs was significantly higher in patients with psoriasis compared with the controls (p = 0.0007) and inversely correlated with disease severity assessed by PASI score (R = -0.2935, p = 0.0407). Statistical analysis did not show significant relations between the count of EPCs and age, body mass index, gender, disease duration, blood pressure, extent of itching, severity and frequency of pruritus, presence of bruises, vitamin D supplementation and smoking habit. Conclusions The results of our studies indicate that patients with psoriasis showed an increased mobilization of EPCs compared with healthy individuals which correlated negatively with disease severity.
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Abstract
AbstractAlginate is a polysaccharide of natural origin, which shows outstanding properties of biocompatibility, gel forming ability, non-toxicity, biodegradability and easy to process. Due to these excellent properties of alginate, sodium alginate, a hydrogel form of alginate, oxidized alginate and other alginate based materials are used in various biomedical fields, especially in drug delivery, wound healing and tissue engineering. Alginate can be easily processed as the 3D scaffolding materials which includes hydrogels, microcapsules, microspheres, foams, sponges, and fibers and these alginate based bio-polymeric materials have particularly used in tissue healing, healing of bone injuries, scars, wound, cartilage repair and treatment, new bone regeneration, scaffolds for the cell growth. Alginate can be easily modified and blended by adopting some physical and chemical processes and the new alginate derivative materials obtained have new different structures, functions, and properties having improved mechanical strength, cell affinity and property of gelation. This can be attained due to combination with other different biomaterials, chemical and physical crosslinking, and immobilization of definite ligands (sugar and peptide molecules). Hence alginate, its modified forms, derivative and composite materials are found to be more attractive towards tissue engineering. This article provides a comprehensive outline of properties, structural aspects, and application in tissue engineering.
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Meyer N, Brodowski L, Richter K, von Kaisenberg CS, Schröder-Heurich B, von Versen-Höynck F. Pravastatin Promotes Endothelial Colony-Forming Cell Function, Angiogenic Signaling and Protein Expression In Vitro. J Clin Med 2021; 10:E183. [PMID: 33419165 PMCID: PMC7825508 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a primary feature of several cardiovascular diseases. Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) represent a highly proliferative subtype of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which are involved in neovascularization and vascular repair. Statins are known to improve the outcome of cardiovascular diseases via pleiotropic effects. We hypothesized that treatment with the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor pravastatin increases ECFCs' functional capacities and regulates the expression of proteins which modulate endothelial health in a favourable manner. Umbilical cord blood derived ECFCs were incubated with different concentrations of pravastatin with or without mevalonate, a key intermediate in cholesterol synthesis. Functional capacities such as migration, proliferation and tube formation were addressed in corresponding in vitro assays. mRNA and protein levels or phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), placental growth factor (PlGF), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and endoglin (Eng) were analyzed by real time PCR or immunoblot, respectively. Proliferation, migration and tube formation of ECFCs were enhanced after pravastatin treatment, and AKT- and eNOS-phosphorylation were augmented. Further, expression levels of HO-1, VEGF-A and PlGF were increased, whereas expression levels of sFlt-1 and Eng were decreased. Pravastatin induced effects were reversible by the addition of mevalonate. Pravastatin induces beneficial effects on ECFC function, angiogenic signaling and protein expression. These effects may contribute to understand the pleiotropic function of statins as well as to provide a promising option to improve ECFCs' condition in cell therapy in order to ameliorate endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Meyer
- Gynecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (N.M.); (L.B.); (K.R.); (B.S.-H.)
| | - Lars Brodowski
- Gynecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (N.M.); (L.B.); (K.R.); (B.S.-H.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Katja Richter
- Gynecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (N.M.); (L.B.); (K.R.); (B.S.-H.)
| | - Constantin S. von Kaisenberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Bianca Schröder-Heurich
- Gynecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (N.M.); (L.B.); (K.R.); (B.S.-H.)
| | - Frauke von Versen-Höynck
- Gynecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany; (N.M.); (L.B.); (K.R.); (B.S.-H.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany;
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22
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Fu H, Sun Y, Shao Y, Saredy J, Cueto R, Liu L, Drummer C, Johnson C, Xu K, Lu Y, Li X, Meng S, Xue ER, Tan J, Jhala NC, Yu D, Zhou Y, Bayless KJ, Yu J, Rogers TJ, Hu W, Snyder NW, Sun J, Qin X, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. Interleukin 35 Delays Hindlimb Ischemia-Induced Angiogenesis Through Regulating ROS-Extracellular Matrix but Spares Later Regenerative Angiogenesis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:595813. [PMID: 33154757 PMCID: PMC7591706 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.595813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL) 35 is a novel immunosuppressive heterodimeric cytokine in IL-12 family. Whether and how IL-35 regulates ischemia-induced angiogenesis in peripheral artery diseases are unrevealed. To fill this important knowledge gap, we used loss-of-function, gain-of-function, omics data analysis, RNA-Seq, in vivo and in vitro experiments, and we have made the following significant findings: i) IL-35 and its receptor subunit IL-12RB2, but not IL-6ST, are induced in the muscle after hindlimb ischemia (HLI); ii) HLI-induced angiogenesis is improved in Il12rb2-/- mice, in ApoE-/-/Il12rb2-/- mice compared to WT and ApoE-/- controls, respectively, where hyperlipidemia inhibits angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro; iii) IL-35 cytokine injection as a gain-of-function approach delays blood perfusion recovery at day 14 after HLI; iv) IL-35 spares regenerative angiogenesis at the late phase of HLI recovery after day 14 of HLI; v) Transcriptome analysis of endothelial cells (ECs) at 14 days post-HLI reveals a disturbed extracellular matrix re-organization in IL-35-injected mice; vi) IL-35 downregulates three reactive oxygen species (ROS) promoters and upregulates one ROS attenuator, which may functionally mediate IL-35 upregulation of anti-angiogenic extracellular matrix proteins in ECs; and vii) IL-35 inhibits human microvascular EC migration and tube formation in vitro mainly through upregulating anti-angiogenic extracellular matrix-remodeling proteins. These findings provide a novel insight on the future therapeutic potential of IL-35 in suppressing ischemia/inflammation-triggered inflammatory angiogenesis at early phase but sparing regenerative angiogenesis at late phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangfei Fu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yu Sun
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ying Shao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jason Saredy
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ramon Cueto
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lu Liu
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Charles Drummer
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Candice Johnson
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Keman Xu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yifan Lu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shu Meng
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Eric R Xue
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Judy Tan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nirag C Jhala
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Daohai Yu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yan Zhou
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kayla J Bayless
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jun Yu
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Thomas J Rogers
- Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jianxin Sun
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xuebin Qin
- National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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23
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Biomimetic 3D Models for Investigating the Role of Monocytes and Macrophages in Atherosclerosis. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:bioengineering7030113. [PMID: 32947976 PMCID: PMC7552756 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7030113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the inflammation of artery walls due to the accumulation of lipids, is the most common underlying cause for cardiovascular diseases. Monocytes and macrophages are major cells that contribute to the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic plaques. During this process, an accumulation of LDL-laden macrophages (foam cells) and an alteration in the extracellular matrix (ECM) organization leads to a local vessel stiffening. Current in vitro models are carried out onto two-dimensional tissue culture plastic and cannot replicate the relevant microenvironments. To bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo conditions, we utilized three-dimensional (3D) collagen matrices that allowed us to mimic the ECM stiffening during atherosclerosis by increasing collagen density. First, human monocytic THP-1 cells were embedded into 3D collagen matrices reconstituted at low and high density. Cells were subsequently differentiated into uncommitted macrophages (M0) and further activated into pro- (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes. In order to mimic atherosclerotic conditions, cells were cultured in the presence of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and analyzed in terms of oxLDL uptake capability and relevant receptors along with their cytokine secretomes. Although oxLDL uptake and larger lipid size could be observed in macrophages in a matrix dependent manner, monocytes showed higher numbers of oxLDL uptake cells. By analyzing major oxLDL uptake receptors, both monocytes and macrophages expressed lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX1), while enhanced expression of scavenger receptor CD36 could be observed only in M2. Notably, by analyzing the secretome of macrophages exposed to oxLDL, we demonstrated that the cells could, in fact, secrete adipokines and growth factors in distinct patterns. Besides, oxLDL appeared to up-regulate MHCII expression in all cells, while an up-regulation of CD68, a pan-macrophage marker, was found only in monocytes, suggesting a possible differentiation of monocytes into a pro-inflammatory macrophage. Overall, our work demonstrated that collagen density in the plaque could be one of the major factors driving atherosclerotic progression via modulation of monocyte and macrophages behaviors.
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24
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de Cavanagh EMV, González SA, Inserra F, Forcada P, Castellaro C, Chiabaut-Svane J, Obregón S, Casarini MJ, Kempny P, Kotliar C. Blood pressure control is not enough to normalize endothelial repair by progenitor cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H744-H752. [PMID: 32795193 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00333.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Patients presenting with classical cardiovascular risk factors within acceptable or average value ranges often develop cardiovascular disease, suggesting that other risk factors need to be considered. Considering that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to endothelial repair, we investigated whether EPCs might be such a factor. We compared the ability of peripheral blood EPCs to attach to extracellular matrix proteins and to grow and function in culture, between controlled hypertensive patients exhibiting a Framingham score (FS) of <10% while showing severe vascular impairment (intima-media thickness/diameter, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, carotid and femoral atherosclerotic plaque presence; vulnerable group, N = 30) and those with an FS of ≥10% and scarce vascular changes (protected group, N = 30). When compared with vulnerable patients, protected patients had significantly higher early and late-EPC and early and late-tunneling nanotube (TNT) numbers. Significant negative associations were found between vascular damage severity and early EPC, late-EPC, or late-TNT numbers, whereas EPC or TNT numbers and patient characteristics or cardiovascular risk factors were not associated. Except for protected patients, in all controlled hypertensive patients, early and late-EPC and early and late-TNT counts were significantly lower than those in the normotensive subjects studied (N = 30). We found that the disparity in vascular status between patients presenting with both an FS of ≥10% and scarce vascular changes and those presenting with both an FS of <10% and severe vascular impairment is related to differences in peripheral blood EPC and TNT numbers. These observations support the role of EPCs as contributors to vascular injury repair and suggest that EPC numbers may be a potential cardiovascular risk factor to be included in the FS calculation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY As individuals who present with risk factors within acceptable or average value ranges often develop cardiovascular (CV) disease, it has been suggested that other CV risk factors need to be considered in addition to those that are commonly combined in the Framingham score (FS) to estimate the risk of general CV disease. We investigated whether peripheral endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) deserve to be considered. Here we report that EPCs and TNTs are significantly lower in controlled hypertensive patients versus normotensive subjects and that the disparity in vascular status between patients presenting with an FS of ≥10% with scarce vascular changes and those presenting with an FS of <10% with severe vascular impairment is related to differences in EPC and TNT numbers. These data point to EPC and TNT numbers as potential CV risk factors to be included in the FS calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio A González
- Cardiometabolic Unit, Cardiology Department, Austral University Hospital, Pilar, Argentina
| | | | | | - Carlos Castellaro
- Cardiometabolic Unit, Cardiology Department, Austral University Hospital, Pilar, Argentina.,Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas "Norberto Quirno," Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Chiabaut-Svane
- Cardiometabolic Unit, Cardiology Department, Austral University Hospital, Pilar, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Obregón
- Arterial Hypertension Center, Department of Cardiology, Austral University Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Pablo Kempny
- Cardiometabolic Unit, Cardiology Department, Austral University Hospital, Pilar, Argentina
| | - Carol Kotliar
- Arterial Hypertension Center, Department of Cardiology, Austral University Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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25
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Atherosclerotic Pre-Conditioning Affects the Paracrine Role of Circulating Angiogenic Cells Ex-Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155256. [PMID: 32722151 PMCID: PMC7432497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In atherosclerosis, circulating angiogenic cells (CAC), also known as early endothelial progenitor cells (eEPC), are thought to participate mainly in a paracrine fashion by promoting the recruitment of other cell populations such as late EPC, or endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFC), to the injured areas. There, ECFC replace the damaged endothelium, promoting neovascularization. However, despite their regenerative role, the number and function of EPC are severely affected under pathological conditions, being essential to further understand how these cells react to such environments in order to implement their use in regenerative cell therapies. Herein, we evaluated the effect of direct incubation ex vivo of healthy CAC with the secretome of atherosclerotic arteries. By using a quantitative proteomics approach, 194 altered proteins were identified in the secretome of pre-conditioned CAC, many of them related to inhibition of angiogenesis (e.g., endostatin, thrombospondin-1, fibulins) and cell migration. Functional assays corroborated that healthy CAC released factors enhanced ECFC angiogenesis, but, after atherosclerotic pre-conditioning, the secretome of pre-stimulated CAC negatively affected ECFC migration, as well as their ability to form tubules on a basement membrane matrix assay. Overall, we have shown here, for the first time, the effect of atherosclerotic factors over the paracrine role of CAC ex vivo. The increased release of angiogenic inhibitors by CAC in response to atherosclerotic factors induced an angiogenic switch, by blocking ECFC ability to form tubules in response to pre-conditioned CAC. Thus, we confirmed here that the angiogenic role of CAC is highly affected by the atherosclerotic environment.
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26
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Leal V, Ribeiro CF, Oliveiros B, António N, Silva S. Intrinsic Vascular Repair by Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Acute Coronary Syndromes: an Update Overview. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 15:35-47. [PMID: 30345477 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-018-9857-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a key role in the maintenance of endothelial homeostasis and endothelial repair at areas of vascular damage. The quantification of EPCs in peripheral blood by flow cytometry is a strategy to assess this reparative capacity. The number of circulating EPCs is inversely correlated with the number of cardiovascular risk factors and to the occurrence of cardiovascular events. Therefore, monitoring EPCs levels may provide an accurate assessment of susceptibility to cardiovascular injury, greatly improving risk stratification of patients with high cardiovascular risk, such as those with an acute myocardial infarction. However, there are many issues in the field of EPC identification and quantification that remain unsolved. In fact, there have been conflicting protocols used to the phenotypic identification of EPCs and there is still no consensual immunophenotypical profile that corresponds exactly to EPCs. In this paper we aim to give an overview on EPCs-mediated vascular repair with special focus on acute coronary syndromes and to discuss the different phenotypic profiles that have been used to identify and quantify circulating EPCs in several clinical studies. Finally, we will synthesize evidence on the prognostic role of EPCs in patients with high cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Leal
- Group of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Fontes Ribeiro
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Oliveiros
- Laboratory of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Natália António
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Cardiology Department, Coimbra Hospital and Universitary Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sónia Silva
- Group of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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27
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Endothelial Progenitor Cells as a Marker of Vascular Damage But not a Predictor in Acute Microangiopathy-Associated Stroke. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072248. [PMID: 32679827 PMCID: PMC7408782 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of the study was to assess the number of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in patients with acute stroke due to cerebral microangiopathy and evaluate whether there is a relationship between their number and clinical status, radiological findings, risk factors, selected biochemical parameters, and prognosis, both in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Methods: In total, 66 patients with lacunar ischemic stroke, 38 patients with typical location hemorrhagic stroke, and 22 subjects from the control group without acute cerebrovascular incidents were included in the prospective observational study. The number of EPCs was determined in serum on the first and eighth day after stroke onset using flow cytometry and identified with the immune-phenotype classification determinant (CD)45−, CD34+, CD133+. Results: We demonstrated a significantly higher number of EPCs on the first day of stroke compared to the control group (med. 17.75 cells/µL (0–488 cells/µL) vs. 5.24 cells/µL (0–95 cells/µL); p = 0.0006). We did not find a relationship between the number of EPCs in the acute phase of stroke and the biochemical parameters, vascular risk factors, or clinical condition. In females, the higher number of EPCs on the first day of stroke is related to a favorable functional outcome on the eighth day after the stroke onset compared to males (p = 0.0355). We found that a higher volume of the hemorrhagic focus on the first day was correlated with a lower number of EPCs on the first day (correlation coefficient (R) = −0.3378, p = 0.0471), and a higher number of EPCs on the first day of the hemorrhagic stroke was correlated with a lower degree of regression of the hemorrhagic focus (R = −0.3896, p = 0.0367). Conclusion: The study showed that endothelial progenitor cells are an early marker in acute microangiopathy-associated stroke regardless of etiology and may affect the radiological findings in hemorrhagic stroke. Nevertheless, their prognostic value remains doubtful in stroke patients.
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28
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Elevated GTP Cyclohydrolase I Pathway in Endothelial Progenitor Cells of Overweight Premenopausal Women. Cardiol Res Pract 2020; 2020:5914916. [PMID: 32377428 PMCID: PMC7199531 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5914916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims. Sexual differences exist in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and various cardiovascular risk factors are associated with the preservation of endothelial function in premenopausal women. However, it is unclear whether differences in endothelial function and circulating EPCs exist between overweight premenopausal women and age-matched men. Methods. We compared EPC counting and functions in normal-weight and overweight premenopausal women and men, evaluated endothelial function in each group, and detected the expression of the guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH I) pathway. Results. The number of EPCs was lower in the male group than in the female group, regardless of normal-weight or overweight status, and there was no significant difference between the different weight groups among females or males. Endothelial function and EPC migration and proliferation were preserved in overweight premenopausal women compared with overweight men as were nitric oxide (NO) levels in plasma and secreted by EPCs. Endothelial function, the circulating EPC population, and NO levels were not different between normal-weight and overweight premenopausal women. Flow-mediated dilatation was significantly correlated with EPC function, plasma NO levels, and EPC-secreted NO. Conclusions. This investigation provides the first evidence for sex-based differences in EPC activity and endothelial function in overweight middle-aged individuals; these differences are associated with alterations in NO production and may partly occur through downregulation of the GTPCH I pathway. The present results provide new insights into the mechanism underlying the preserved endothelial function in overweight premenopausal women and may uncover a potential therapeutic target for endothelial repair in overweight population.
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29
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Shear Stress Triggers Angiogenesis of Late Endothelial Progenitor Cells via the PTEN/Akt/GTPCH/BH4 Pathway. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:5939530. [PMID: 32399044 PMCID: PMC7210539 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5939530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Shear stress is an effective modulator of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and has been suggested to play an important role in angiogenesis. The phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)/Akt and guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase (GTPCH)/tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) pathways regulate the function of early EPCs. However, the role of these pathways in the shear stress-induced angiogenesis of late EPCs remains poorly understood. Therefore, we aim to investigate whether shear stress could upregulate the angiogenesis capacity of late EPCs and to further explore the possible underlying mechanisms. Methods Late EPCs were subjected to laminar shear stress (LSS), and their in vitro migration, proliferation, and tube formation capacity were determined. In addition, the in vivo angiogenesis capacity was explored, along with the expression of molecules involved in the PTEN/Akt and GTPCH/BH4 pathways. Results LSS elevated the in vitro activities of late EPCs, which were accompanied by downregulated PTEN expression, accelerated Akt phosphorylation, and GTPCH/BH4 pathway activation (all P < 0.05). Following Akt inhibition, LSS-induced upregulated GTPCH expression, BH4, and NO level of EPCs were suppressed. LSS significantly improved the migration, proliferation, and tube formation ability (15 dyn/cm2 LSS vs. stationary: 72.2 ± 5.5 vs. 47.3 ± 7.3, 0.517 ± 0.05 vs. 0.367 ± 0.038, and 1.664 ± 0.315 vs. 1 ± 0, respectively; all P < 0.05) along with the in vivo angiogenesis capacity of late EPCs, contributing to the recovery of limb ischemia. These effects were also blocked by Akt inhibition or GTPCH knockdown (P < 0.05, respectively). Conclusions This study provides the first evidence that shear stress triggers angiogenesis in late EPCs via the PTEN/Akt/GTPCH/BH4 pathway, providing a potential nonpharmacologic therapeutic strategy for promoting angiogenesis in ischemia-related diseases.
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30
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Beltran-Camacho L, Jimenez-Palomares M, Rojas-Torres M, Sanchez-Gomar I, Rosal-Vela A, Eslava-Alcon S, Perez-Segura MC, Serrano A, Antequera-González B, Alonso-Piñero JA, González-Rovira A, Extremera-García MJ, Rodriguez-Piñero M, Moreno-Luna R, Larsen MR, Durán-Ruiz MC. Identification of the initial molecular changes in response to circulating angiogenic cells-mediated therapy in critical limb ischemia. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:106. [PMID: 32143690 PMCID: PMC7060566 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01591-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Critical limb ischemia (CLI) constitutes the most aggressive form of peripheral arterial occlusive disease, characterized by the blockade of arteries supplying blood to the lower extremities, significantly diminishing oxygen and nutrient supply. CLI patients usually undergo amputation of fingers, feet, or extremities, with a high risk of mortality due to associated comorbidities. Circulating angiogenic cells (CACs), also known as early endothelial progenitor cells, constitute promising candidates for cell therapy in CLI due to their assigned vascular regenerative properties. Preclinical and clinical assays with CACs have shown promising results. A better understanding of how these cells participate in vascular regeneration would significantly help to potentiate their role in revascularization. Herein, we analyzed the initial molecular mechanisms triggered by human CACs after being administered to a murine model of CLI, in order to understand how these cells promote angiogenesis within the ischemic tissues. Methods Balb-c nude mice (n:24) were distributed in four different groups: healthy controls (C, n:4), shams (SH, n:4), and ischemic mice (after femoral ligation) that received either 50 μl physiological serum (SC, n:8) or 5 × 105 human CACs (SE, n:8). Ischemic mice were sacrificed on days 2 and 4 (n:4/group/day), and immunohistochemistry assays and qPCR amplification of Alu-human-specific sequences were carried out for cell detection and vascular density measurements. Additionally, a label-free MS-based quantitative approach was performed to identify protein changes related. Results Administration of CACs induced in the ischemic tissues an increase in the number of blood vessels as well as the diameter size compared to ischemic, non-treated mice, although the number of CACs decreased within time. The initial protein changes taking place in response to ischemia and more importantly, right after administration of CACs to CLI mice, are shown. Conclusions Our results indicate that CACs migrate to the injured area; moreover, they trigger protein changes correlated with cell migration, cell death, angiogenesis, and arteriogenesis in the host. These changes indicate that CACs promote from the beginning an increase in the number of vessels as well as the development of an appropriate vascular network. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Beltran-Camacho
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, Cádiz University, Cadiz, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Margarita Jimenez-Palomares
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, Cádiz University, Cadiz, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Marta Rojas-Torres
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, Cádiz University, Cadiz, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Ismael Sanchez-Gomar
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, Cádiz University, Cadiz, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Rosal-Vela
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, Cádiz University, Cadiz, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Sara Eslava-Alcon
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, Cádiz University, Cadiz, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | | | - Ana Serrano
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, Cádiz University, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Borja Antequera-González
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, Cádiz University, Cadiz, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Jose Angel Alonso-Piñero
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, Cádiz University, Cadiz, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Almudena González-Rovira
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, Cádiz University, Cadiz, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | - Mª Jesús Extremera-García
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, Cádiz University, Cadiz, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Moreno-Luna
- Laboratory of Neuroinflammation, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain
| | - Martin Røssel Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mª Carmen Durán-Ruiz
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, Cádiz University, Cadiz, Spain. .,Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), Cadiz, Spain.
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Steffen E, Mayer von Wittgenstein WBE, Hennig M, Niepmann ST, Zietzer A, Werner N, Rassaf T, Nickenig G, Wassmann S, Zimmer S, Steinmetz M. Murine sca1/flk1-positive cells are not endothelial progenitor cells, but B2 lymphocytes. Basic Res Cardiol 2020; 115:18. [PMID: 31980946 PMCID: PMC6981106 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-020-0774-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Circulating sca1+/flk1+ cells are hypothesized to be endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in mice that contribute to atheroprotection by replacing dysfunctional endothelial cells. Decreased numbers of circulating sca1+/flk1+ cells correlate with increased atherosclerotic lesions and impaired reendothelialization upon electric injury of the common carotid artery. However, legitimate doubts remain about the identity of the putative EPCs and their contribution to endothelial restoration. Hence, our study aimed to establish a phenotype for sca1+/flk1+ cells to gain a better understanding of their role in atherosclerotic disease. In wild-type mice, sca1+/flk1+ cells were mobilized into the peripheral circulation by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment and this movement correlated with improved endothelial regeneration upon carotid artery injury. Multicolor flow cytometry analysis revealed that sca1+/flk1+ cells predominantly co-expressed surface markers of conventional B cells (B2 cells). In RAG2-deficient mice and upon B2 cell depletion, sca1+/flk1+ cells were fully depleted. In the absence of monocytes, sca1+/flk1+ cell levels were unchanged. A PCR array focused on cell surface markers and next-generation sequencing (NGS) of purified sca1+/flk1+ cells confirmed their phenotype to be predominantly that of B cells. Finally, the depletion of B2 cells, including sca1+/flk1+ cells, in G-CSF-treated wild-type mice partly abolished the endothelial regenerating effect of G-CSF, indicating an atheroprotective role for sca1+/flk1+ B2 cells. In summary, we characterized sca1+/flk1+ cells as a subset of predominantly B2 cells, which are apparently involved in endothelial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Steffen
- Herzzentrum Bonn, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
| | | | - Marie Hennig
- Herzzentrum Bonn, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Thomas Niepmann
- Herzzentrum Bonn, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Zietzer
- Herzzentrum Bonn, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nikos Werner
- Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Brüder, Innere Medizin III, Trier, Germany
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Westdeutsches Herz- und Gefäßzentrum, Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Georg Nickenig
- Herzzentrum Bonn, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Wassmann
- Cardiology Pasing, Munich, Germany.,University of the Saarland, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zimmer
- Herzzentrum Bonn, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Steinmetz
- Westdeutsches Herz- und Gefäßzentrum, Klinik für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
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Pei CZ, Liu B, Li YT, Fang L, Zhang Y, Li YG, Meng S. MicroRNA-126 protects against vascular injury by promoting homing and maintaining stemness of late outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:28. [PMID: 31964421 PMCID: PMC6975061 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-1554-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to reendothelialization and neovascularization and protect against vascular injury and ischemia of various organs. We have previously shown downregulation of microRNA (miR)-126 in EPCs from diabetic patients, which contributes to dysfunction of EPCs including impaired migratory ability. The aims of the present study were to examine (1) in vitro the effects of miR-126 on the homing and stemness of late outgrowth EPCs (LOCs), along with relevant signaling pathways, and (2) in vivo the effects of modulating LOCs by manipulating miR-126 expression on LOC homing and reendothelialization of injured arteries in GK rats (a non-obese diabetes model). METHODS Rat bone marrow-derived LOCs were transfected with miR-126 inhibitor or lentiviral vectors expressing miR-126. LOC migration was determined by transwell migration assay. CXCR4 expression was measured by real-time PCR, Western blotting, and confocal microscopy while related signaling pathway proteins were measured by Western Blotting. Stemness gene expression, and gene and protein expression and promoter activity of KLF-8 were also measured. LOCs transfected with lenti-miR-126 or miR-126 inhibitor were injected into GK rats with carotid artery injury, and then vascular reendothelialization and the extent of intimal hyperplasia were examined. RESULTS Lenti-miR-126 increased while miR-126 inhibitor decreased LOC migration and CXCR4 expression on LOCs. miR-126 positively regulated p-ERK, VEGF, p-Akt, and eNOS protein expression, and inhibitors of these proteins blocked miR-126-induced CXCR4 expression and also reduced LOC migration. Overexpression of miR-126 promoted while inhibition of miR-126 suppressed stemness gene expression in LOCs. miR-126 also inhibited gene and protein expression and promoter activity of KLF-8 while shRNA-mediated knockdown of KLF-8 increased stemness gene expression. Upregulation of stemness gene expression by miR-126 overexpression was completely abrogated by co-transfection of lenti-KLF-8 and lenti-miR-126 into LOCs. In GK rats, transplantation of LOCs overexpressing miR-126 enhanced LOC homing and reendothelialization and decreased intimal hyperplasia of injured arteries. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that miR-126 protects against vascular injury by promoting CXCR4 expression and LOC homing via ERK/VEGF and Akt/eNOS signaling pathways and maintaining stemness via targeting KLF-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhe Pei
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Ting Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Fang
- Haematopoiesis and Leukocyte Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Gang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shu Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
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Li X, Fang P, Sun Y, Shao Y, Yang WY, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. Anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-35 and IL-10 block atherogenic lysophosphatidylcholine-induced, mitochondrial ROS-mediated innate immune activation, but spare innate immune memory signature in endothelial cells. Redox Biol 2019; 28:101373. [PMID: 31731100 PMCID: PMC6920093 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-35 (IL-35) and IL-10 could inhibit acute endothelial cell (EC) activation, however, it remains unknown if and by what pathways IL-35 and IL-10 could block atherogenic lipid lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-induced sustained EC activation; and if mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) can differentiate mediation of EC activation from trained immunity (innate immune memory). Using RNA sequencing analyses, biochemical assays, as well as database mining approaches, we compared the effects of IL-35 and IL-10 in LPC-treated human aortic ECs (HAECs). Principal component analysis revealed that both IL-35 and IL-10 could similarly and partially reverse global transcriptome changes induced by LPC. Gene set enrichment analyses showed that while IL-35 and IL-10 could both block acute EC activation, characterized by upregulation of cytokines/chemokines and adhesion molecules, IL-35 is more potent than IL-10 in suppressing innate immune signatures upregulated by LPC. Surprisingly, LPC did not induce the expression of trained tolerance itaconate pathway enzymes but induced trained immunity enzyme expressions; and neither IL-35 nor IL-10 was found to affect LPC-induced trained immunity gene signatures. Mechanistically, IL-35 and IL-10 could suppress mtROS, which partially mediate LPC-induced EC activation and innate immune response. Therefore, anti-inflammatory cytokines could reverse mtROS-mediated acute and innate immune trans-differentiation responses in HAECs, but it could spare metabolic reprogramming and trained immunity signatures, which may not fully depend on mtROS. Our characterizations of anti-inflammatory cytokines in blocking mtROS-mediated acute and prolonged EC activation, and sparing trained immunity are significant for designing novel strategies for treating cardiovascular diseases, other inflammatory diseases, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Li
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Pu Fang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Yu Sun
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Ying Shao
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - William Y Yang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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Li W, Du D, Li Y. Id-1 Promotes Reendothelialization In The Early Phase After Vascular Injury Through Activation Of NFkB/survivin Signaling Pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther 2019; 13:3799-3811. [PMID: 31802852 PMCID: PMC6827526 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s208707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) treatment can benefit patients, but also cause irreversible mechanical damage to the vascular endothelium, ultimately leading to restenosis of the target vessel. Thus, achieving rapid re-endothelialization and restoring the integrity of the vascular endothelium and function plays an important role in inhibiting neointimal hyperplasia and preventing restenosis. Id1 (inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation factor 1) plays an important role in promoting cell proliferation and angiogenesis. STUDY OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the relationship between Id1 and NFκB/survivin signaling pathways and their role in injured vascular repair by establishing a rat carotid balloon injury model. METHODS The carotid artery model of rat balloon injury was established. The injured common carotid artery was obtained at different time points after vascular injury. RNA and protein were extracted and the mRNA and protein expression levels of Id1, NFκB and survivin were detected in vascular injury. The NFκB blocker BAY 11-7082 and survivin blocker YM155 were used and the effects of Id1, NFκB, survivin mRNA and protein expression, revascularization of blood vessels and neointimal responsiveness after vascular injury were observed in the vascular tissues of Ad-Id1 transfected balloon injury. RESULTS Id1, NFκB and survivin were expressed in injured rat carotid arteries. Overexpression of Id1 promoted re-endothelialization of injured vessels through NFκB/survivin signaling pathway, inhibited early vascular endometrial reactive hyperplasia; blocked NFκB the/survivin signaling pathway attenuates the re-endothelialization of Ad-Id1 and the early endothelium of Ad-Id1. Blocking the NFκB/survivin signaling pathway attenuates the re-endothelialization and early reactive hyperplasia of vascular intima of Ad-Id1. CONCLUSION NF-kappa B/survivin signaling pathway may play an important role in Id1 promoting vascular re-endothelialization, inhibiting neointimal hyperplasia and preventing vascular restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing100017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dayong Du
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing100017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuntian Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing100017, People’s Republic of China
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Heriansyah T, Nurwidyaningtyas W, Sargowo D, Tjahjono CT, Wihastuti TA. Polysaccharide peptide (PsP) G anoderma lucidum: a potential inducer for vascular repair in type 2 diabetes mellitus model. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2019; 15:419-427. [PMID: 31632046 PMCID: PMC6781740 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s205996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increasing blood glucose level due to insulin resistance which occurs in diabetes mellitus (DM) may cause vascular damage. This study aims to prove the effect of the polysaccharide peptide (PsP) Ganoderma lucidum on improving vascular damage through an increase of circulating endothelial cells and circulating endothelial cells (CEC) ratio, decreased H2O2, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and insulin resistance in type 2 DM. METHODS Our study is a true experimental study with randomized posttest control group design that used 35 Wistar rats divided into five groups: normal, control (+) and three groups of different variant PsP doses 50, 150 and 300 mg/kg BW (n=7). RESULTS By using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Duncan test, the results show a significant increase of endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) concentration (p=0.000) and ratio EPC:CEC (0.000) by dose-dependent fashion and also reduced CEC concentration (p=0.001), H2O2 (p=0.03), TG (p=0.001), TC (p=0.01) and insulin resistance (p=0.003). CONCLUSION In this study, PsP induced endothelial repairing process and reduced the risk factor with 300 mg/kg BW as optimum dose. However, further research on EPC and CEC detection markers is important. Further research on PsP and clinical trial for commercial uses is also needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teuku Heriansyah
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Syah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | | | - Djanggan Sargowo
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Cholid Tri Tjahjono
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Titin Andri Wihastuti
- Department of Biomedical Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
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Hassanshahi M, Khabbazi S, Peymanfar Y, Hassanshahi A, Hosseini-Khah Z, Su YW, Xian CJ. Critical limb ischemia: Current and novel therapeutic strategies. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14445-14459. [PMID: 30637723 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is the advanced stage of peripheral artery disease spectrum and is defined by limb pain or impending limb loss because of compromised blood flow to the affected extremity. Current conventional therapies for CLI include amputation, bypass surgery, endovascular therapy, and pharmacological approaches. Although these conventional therapeutic strategies still remain as the mainstay of treatments for CLI, novel and promising therapeutic approaches such as proangiogenic gene/protein therapies and stem cell-based therapies have emerged to overcome, at least partially, the limitations and disadvantages of current conventional therapeutic approaches. Such novel CLI treatment options may become even more effective when other complementary approaches such as utilizing proper bioscaffolds are used to increase the survival and engraftment of delivered genes and stem cells. Therefore, herein, we address the benefits and disadvantages of current therapeutic strategies for CLI treatment and summarize the novel and promising therapeutic approaches for CLI treatment. Our analyses also suggest that these novel CLI therapeutic strategies show considerable advantages to be used when current conventional methods have failed for CLI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadhossein Hassanshahi
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Samira Khabbazi
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Yaser Peymanfar
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alireza Hassanshahi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Hosseini-Khah
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Yu-Wen Su
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Cory J Xian
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Oncostatin M reduces atherosclerosis development in APOE*3Leiden.CETP mice and is associated with increased survival probability in humans. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221477. [PMID: 31461490 PMCID: PMC6713386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous studies indicate a role for Oncostatin M (OSM) in atherosclerosis and other chronic inflammatory diseases for which inhibitory antibodies are in development. However, to date no intervention studies with OSM have been performed, and its relation to coronary heart disease (CHD) has not been studied. Approach and results Gene expression analysis on human normal arteries (n = 10) and late stage/advanced carotid atherosclerotic arteries (n = 127) and in situ hybridization on early human plaques (n = 9) showed that OSM, and its receptors, OSM receptor (OSMR) and Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor (LIFR) are expressed in normal arteries and atherosclerotic plaques. Chronic OSM administration in APOE*3Leiden.CETP mice (n = 15/group) increased plasma E-selectin levels and monocyte adhesion to the activated endothelium independently of cholesterol but reduced the amount of inflammatory Ly-6CHigh monocytes and atherosclerotic lesion size and severity. Using aptamer-based proteomics profiling assays high circulating OSM levels were shown to correlate with post incident CHD survival probability in the AGES‐Reykjavik study (n = 5457). Conclusions Chronic OSM administration in APOE*3Leiden.CETP mice reduced atherosclerosis development. In line, higher serum OSM levels were correlated with improved post incident CHD survival probability in patients, suggesting a protective cardiovascular effect.
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Marchio P, Guerra-Ojeda S, Vila JM, Aldasoro M, Victor VM, Mauricio MD. Targeting Early Atherosclerosis: A Focus on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8563845. [PMID: 31354915 PMCID: PMC6636482 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8563845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular inflammatory disease associated to oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is one of the key factors for the development of atherosclerosis. Nonoxidized LDL have a low affinity for macrophages, so they are not themselves a risk factor. However, lowering LDL levels is a common clinical practice to reduce oxidation and the risk of major events in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Atherosclerosis starts with dysfunctional changes in the endothelium induced by disturbed shear stress which can lead to endothelial and platelet activation, adhesion of monocytes on the activated endothelium, and differentiation into proinflammatory macrophages, which increase the uptake of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and turn into foam cells, exacerbating the inflammatory signalling. The atherosclerotic process is accelerated by a myriad of factors, such as the release of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), growth factors, and the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Inflammation and immunity are key factors for the development and complications of atherosclerosis, and therefore, the whole atherosclerotic process is a target for diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we focus on early stages of the disease and we address both biomarkers and therapeutic approaches currently available and under research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Marchio
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Universitat de Valencia and Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sol Guerra-Ojeda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Universitat de Valencia and Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Vila
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Universitat de Valencia and Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Martín Aldasoro
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Universitat de Valencia and Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor M. Victor
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Universitat de Valencia and Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria D. Mauricio
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Universitat de Valencia and Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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Xie D, Du X, Zhang M, Li X, Xiao J, Liu G, Bao Y. circRNAs: Potential Targets for the Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42399-019-00078-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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40
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Li A, Sun Y, Drummer C, Lu Y, Yu D, Zhou Y, Li X, Pearson SJ, Johnson C, Yu C, Yang WY, Mastascusa K, Jiang X, Sun J, Rogers T, Hu W, Wang H, Yang X. Increasing Upstream Chromatin Long-Range Interactions May Favor Induction of Circular RNAs in LysoPC-Activated Human Aortic Endothelial Cells. Front Physiol 2019; 10:433. [PMID: 31057422 PMCID: PMC6482593 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that form covalently closed continuous loops, and act as gene regulators in physiological and disease conditions. To test our hypothesis that proatherogenic lipid lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) induce a set of circRNAs in human aortic endothelial cell (HAEC) activation, we performed circRNA analysis by searching our RNA-Seq data from LPC-activated HAECs, and found: (1) LPC induces significant modulation of 77 newly characterized cirRNAs, among which 47 circRNAs (61%) are upregulated; (2) 34 (72%) out of 47 upregulated circRNAs are upregulated when the corresponding mRNAs are downregulated, suggesting that the majority of circRNAs are upregulated presumably via LPC-induced “abnormal splicing” when the canonical splicing for generation of corresponding mRNAs is suppressed; (3) Upregulation of 47 circRNAs is temporally associated with mRNAs-mediated LPC-upregulated cholesterol synthesis-SREBP2 pathway and LPC-downregulated TGF-β pathway; (4) Increase in upstream chromatin long-range interaction sites to circRNA related genes is associated with preferred circRNA generation over canonical splicing for mRNAs, suggesting that shifting chromatin long-range interaction sites from downstream to upstream may promote induction of a list of circRNAs in lysoPC-activated HAECs; (5) Six significantly changed circRNAs may have sponge functions for miRNAs; and (6) 74% significantly changed circRNAs contain open reading frames, suggesting that putative short proteins may interfere with the protein interaction-based signaling. Our findings have demonstrated for the first time that a new set of LPC-induced circRNAs may contribute to homeostasis in LPC-induced HAEC activation. These novel insights may lead to identifications of new therapeutic targets for treating metabolic cardiovascular diseases, inflammations, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus Li
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yu Sun
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Charles Drummer
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yifan Lu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Daohai Yu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yan Zhou
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Simone J Pearson
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Candice Johnson
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Catherine Yu
- Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA, United States
| | - William Y Yang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kevin Mastascusa
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jianxin Sun
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia University - Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Thomas Rogers
- Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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41
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Hueso M, Cruzado JM, Torras J, Navarro E. An Exonic Switch Regulates Differential Accession of microRNAs to the Cd34 Transcript in Atherosclerosis Progression. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10010070. [PMID: 30669689 PMCID: PMC6356495 DOI: 10.3390/genes10010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD34⁺ Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) play an important role in the recovery of injured endothelium and contribute to atherosclerosis (ATH) pathogenesis. Previously we described a potential atherogenic role for miR-125 that we aimed to confirm in this work. METHODS Microarray hybridization, TaqMan Low Density Array (TLDA) cards, qPCR, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to analyze expression of the miRNAs, proteins and transcripts here studied. RESULTS Here we have demonstrated an increase of resident CD34-positive cells in the aortic tissue of human and mice during ATH progression, as well as the presence of clusters of CD34-positive cells in the intima and adventitia of human ATH aortas. We introduce miR-351, which share the seed sequence with miR-125, as a potential effector of CD34. We show a splicing event at an internal/cryptic splice site at exon 8 of the murine Cd34 gene (exonic-switch) that would regulate the differential accession of miRNAs (including miR-125) to the coding region or to the 3'UTR of Cd34. CONCLUSIONS We introduce new potential mediators of ATH progression (CD34 cell-clusters, miR-351), and propose a new mechanism of miRNA action, linked to a cryptic splicing site in the target-host gene, that would regulate the differential accession of miRNAs to their cognate binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Hueso
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge and Bellvitge Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Josep M Cruzado
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge and Bellvitge Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Joan Torras
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge and Bellvitge Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Estanis Navarro
- Independent Researcher, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain.
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42
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Sago CD, Lokugamage MP, Islam FZ, Krupczak BR, Sato M, Dahlman JE. Nanoparticles That Deliver RNA to Bone Marrow Identified by in Vivo Directed Evolution. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:17095-17105. [PMID: 30394729 PMCID: PMC6556374 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow endothelial cells (BMECs) regulate their microenvironment, which includes hematopoietic stem cells. This makes BMECs an important target cell type for siRNA or gene editing (e.g., CRISPR) therapies. However, siRNA and sgRNA have not been delivered to BMECs using systemically administered nanoparticles. Given that in vitro nanoparticle screens have not identified nanoparticles with BMEC tropism, we developed a system to quantify how >100 different nanoparticles deliver siRNA in a single mouse. This is the first barcoding system capable of quantifying functional cytosolic siRNA delivery (where the siRNA drug is active), distinguishing it from in vivo screens that quantify biodistribution (where the siRNA drug went). Combining this approach with bioinformatics, we performed in vivo directed evolution, and identified BM1, a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) that delivers siRNA and sgRNA to BMECs. Interestingly, chemical analysis revealed BMEC tropism was not related to LNP size; tropism changed with the structure of poly(ethylene glycol), as well as the presence of cholesterol. These results suggest that significant changes to vascular targeting can be imparted to a LNP by making simple changes to its chemical composition, rather than using active targeting ligands. BM1 is the first nanoparticle to efficiently deliver siRNA and sgRNA to BMECs in vivo, demonstrating that this functional in vivo screen can identify nanoparticles with novel tropism in vivo. More generally, in vivo screening may help reveal the complex relationship between nanoparticle structure and tropism, thereby helping scientists understand how simple chemical changes control nanoparticle targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory D Sago
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Melissa P Lokugamage
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Fatima Z Islam
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Brandon R Krupczak
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Manaka Sato
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - James E Dahlman
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
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43
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Wen HJ, Liu GF, Xiao LZ, Wu YG. Involvement of endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway in IGF‑1 protects endothelial progenitor cells against injury from oxidized LDLs. Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:660-666. [PMID: 30431094 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A high level of oxidized low‑density lipoproteins (oxLDLs) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether insulin‑like growth factor‑1 (IGF‑1) protected endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from injury caused by ox‑LDLs, and whether the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)/nitric oxide (NO) pathway was involved in this process. EPCs were isolated from human peripheral blood and characterized. In order to evaluate the effect of IGF‑1 on EPCs, cells were incubated with ox‑LDLs (100 mg/ml) for 24 h to induce a model of EPC dysfunction in vitro, which demonstrated a decrease in the number of EPCs, concomitant with increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation rates. IGF‑1 dose‑dependently increased the number of EPCs. Concurrently, IGF‑1 decreased the levels of apoptosis of EPCs and improved EPCs proliferation following ox‑LDLs challenge. In addition, IGF‑1 significantly increased NO levels in ox‑LDLs‑treated EPCs, accompanied by an upregulation in eNOS expression. The protective effects of IGF‑1 on EPCs and NO production were abolished by L‑NAME, a specific eNOS inhibitor. These results suggested that IGF‑1 protects EPCs from dysfunction induced by oxLDLs through a mechanism involving the eNOS/NO pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Jing Wen
- Positron Emission Tomography‑Computed Tomography Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Feng Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Li-Zhi Xiao
- Positron Emission Tomography‑Computed Tomography Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Gang Wu
- Positron Emission Tomography‑Computed Tomography Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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44
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Tao Z, Tan S, Chen W, Chen X. Stem Cell Homing: a Potential Therapeutic Strategy Unproven for Treatment of Myocardial Injury. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2018; 11:403-411. [PMID: 30324254 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-018-9823-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in the prevention and therapeutic modalities of ischemic heart disease, morbidity and mortality post-infarction heart failure remain big challenges in modern society. Stem cell therapy is emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy. Stem cell homing, the ability of stem cells to find their destination, is receiving more attention. Identification of specific cues and understanding the signaling pathways that direct stem cells to targeted destination will improve stem cell homing efficiency. This review discusses the cellular and molecular mechanism of stem cell homing at length in the light of literature and analyzes the problem and considerations of this approach as a treatment strategy for the treatment of ischemic heart disease clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghao Tao
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihua Tan
- National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169609, Singapore
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, 210006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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45
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Sheng Z, Ju C, Li B, Chen Z, Pan X, Yan G, He Y, Yao Y, Ma G. TWEAK promotes endothelial progenitor cell vasculogenesis to alleviate acute myocardial infarction via the Fn14-NF-κB signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:4019-4029. [PMID: 30344680 PMCID: PMC6176210 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide; however, endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) transplantation has been proposed as a promising treatment strategy for EPC. High levels of tumor necrosis factor-related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) have been reported in AMI, although its effect on EPCs has not been reported. In the present study, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were performed to assess the effect of TWEAK in isolated mouse EPCs. Echocardiography was used to evaluate the cardiac function of murine hearts following EPC treatment in the AMI model, while collagen synthesis within the heart tissue was assessed using Masson's trichrome staining. A tube formation assay and Transwell migration assay were performed to investigate the effects of TWEAK on vessel formation and EPC migration in vitro. Angiogenesis and arteriogenesis were assessed in vivo using immunohistochemistry and western blotting was performed to determine the effect of TWEAK-mediated nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway activation in EPCs. The results revealed that TWEAK promotes EPC migration, tube formation and viability in vitro. Furthermore, TWEAK treatment resulted in improved cardiac function, decreased heart collagen and vasculogenesis in mice with AMI, which was mediated by the TWEAK- fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14)-NF-κB signaling pathway, as determined using Fn14 small interfering (si)RNA and Bay 11–7082 (an NF-κB inhibitor). In summary, the results of the present study suggest that activation of the TWEAK-Fn14-NF-κB signaling pathway exerts a beneficial effect on EPCs for the treatment of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulong Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Chenwei Ju
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Zhongpu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Gaoliang Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yanru He
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yuyu Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Genshan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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46
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Wen SW, Wong CHY. Aging- and vascular-related pathologies. Microcirculation 2018; 26:e12463. [PMID: 29846990 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Our aging population is set to grow considerably in the coming decades. In fact, the number of individuals older than 65 years will double by 2050. This projected increase in people living with extended life expectancy represents an inevitable upsurge in the presentation of age-related pathologies. However, our current understanding of the impact of aging on a number of biological processes is unfortunately inadequate. Cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases are particularly prevalent in the elderly population. Intriguingly, these pathologies are all associated with vascular dysfunction, suggesting that the process of aging can induce structural and functional impairments in vascular networks. Together with elevated cell senescence, pre-existing comorbidities, and the emerging concept of age-associated inflammatory imbalance, impaired vascular functions can significantly increase one's risk in acquiring age-related diseases. In this short review, we highlight some current clinical and experimental evidence of how biological aging contributes to three vascular-associated pathologies: atherosclerosis, stroke, and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wen Wen
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Connie H Y Wong
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
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47
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Li X, Wang L, Fang P, Sun Y, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang XF. Lysophospholipids induce innate immune transdifferentiation of endothelial cells, resulting in prolonged endothelial activation. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:11033-11045. [PMID: 29769317 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells express danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) receptors, T-cell costimulation/coinhibition receptors, and major histocompatibility complex II (MHC-II). We have recently proposed that endothelial cells can serve as innate immune cells, but the molecular mechanisms involved still await discovery. Here, we investigated whether human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) could be transdifferentiated into innate immune cells by exposing them to hyperlipidemia-up-regulated DAMP molecules, i.e. lysophospholipids. Performing RNA-seq analysis of lysophospholipid-treated HAECs, we found that lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) regulate largely distinct gene programs as revealed by principal component analysis. Metabolically, LPC up-regulated genes that are involved in cholesterol biosynthesis, presumably through sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2). By contrast, LPI up-regulated gene transcripts critical for the metabolism of glucose, lipids, and amino acids. Of note, we found that LPC and LPI both induce adhesion molecules, cytokines, and chemokines, which are all classic markers of endothelial cell activation, in HAECs. Moreover, LPC and LPI shared the ability to transdifferentiate HAECs into innate immune cells, including induction of potent DAMP receptors, such as CD36 molecule, T-cell costimulation/coinhibition receptors, and MHC-II proteins. The induction of these innate-immunity signatures by lysophospholipids correlated with their ability to induce up-regulation of cytosolic calcium and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. In conclusion, lysophospholipids such as LPC and LPI induce innate immune cell transdifferentiation in HAECs. The concept of prolonged endothelial activation, discovered here, is relevant for designing new strategies for managing cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Li
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and.,Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140 and
| | - Luqiao Wang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, China
| | - Pu Fang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and.,Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140 and
| | - Yu Sun
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and.,Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140 and
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and.,Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140 and
| | - Hong Wang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and.,Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140 and
| | - Xiao-Feng Yang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research and .,Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140 and
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48
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Li TB, Zhang YZ, Liu WQ, Zhang JJ, Peng J, Luo XJ, Ma QL. Correlation between NADPH oxidase-mediated oxidative stress and dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cell in hyperlipidemic patients. Korean J Intern Med 2018; 33:313-322. [PMID: 28899085 PMCID: PMC5840593 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2016.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase (NOX)-mediated oxidative stress plays a key role in promotion of oxidative injury in the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study is to evaluate the status of NOX in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) of hyperlipidemic patients and to assess the correlation between NOX activity and the functions EPCs. METHODS A total of 30 hyperlipidemic patients were enrolled for this study and 30 age-matched volunteers with normal level of plasma lipids served as controls. After the circulating EPCs were isolated, the EPC functions (migration, adhesion and tube formation) were evaluated and the status of NOX (expression and activity) was examined. RESULTS Compared to the controls, hyperlipidemic patients showed an increase in plasma lipids and a reduction in EPC functions including the attenuated abilities in adhesion, migration and tube formation, concomitant with an increase in NOX expression (NOX2 and NOX4), NOX activity, and reactive oxygen species production. The data analysis showed negative correlations between NOX activity and EPC functions. CONCLUSIONS There is a positive correlation between the NOX-mediated oxidative stress and the dysfunctions of circulating EPCs in hyperlipidemic patients, and suppression of NOX might offer a novel strategy to improve EPCs functions in hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Bo Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yin-Zhuang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei-Qi Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie-Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiu-Ju Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha, China
- Correspondence to Xiu-Ju Luo, Ph.D. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 172 Tong Zi Po Rd, Changsha 410013, China Tel: +86-731-82650348 Fax: +86-731-82650348 E-mail:
| | - Qi-Lin Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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49
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Li X, Shao Y, Sha X, Fang P, Kuo YM, Andrews AJ, Li Y, Yang WY, Maddaloni M, Pascual DW, Luo JJ, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. IL-35 (Interleukin-35) Suppresses Endothelial Cell Activation by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Site-Specific Acetylation of H3K14 (Histone 3 Lysine 14). Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:599-609. [PMID: 29371247 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE IL-35 (interleukin-35) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, which inhibits immune responses by inducing regulatory T cells and regulatory B cells and suppressing effector T cells and macrophages. It remains unknown whether atherogenic stimuli induce IL-35 and whether IL-35 inhibits atherogenic lipid-induced endothelial cell (EC) activation and atherosclerosis. EC activation induced by hyperlipidemia stimuli, including lysophosphatidylcholine is considered as an initiation step for monocyte recruitment and atherosclerosis. In this study, we examined the expression of IL-35 during early atherosclerosis and the roles and mechanisms of IL-35 in suppressing lysophosphatidylcholine-induced EC activation. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using microarray and ELISA, we found that IL-35 and its receptor are significantly induced during early atherosclerosis in the aortas and plasma of ApoE (apolipoprotein E) knockout mice-an atherosclerotic mouse model-and in the plasma of hypercholesterolemic patients. In addition, we found that IL-35 suppresses lysophosphatidylcholine-induced monocyte adhesion to human aortic ECs. Furthermore, our RNA-sequencing analysis shows that IL-35 selectively inhibits lysophosphatidylcholine-induced EC activation-related genes, such as ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1). Mechanistically, using flow cytometry, mass spectrometry, electron spin resonance analyses, and chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing analyses, we found that IL-35 blocks lysophosphatidylcholine-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, which are required for the induction of site-specific H3K14 (histone 3 lysine 14) acetylation, increased binding of proinflammatory transcription factor AP-1 in the promoter of ICAM-1, and induction of ICAM-1 transcription in human aortic EC. Finally, IL-35 cytokine therapy suppresses atherosclerotic lesion development in ApoE knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS IL-35 is induced during atherosclerosis development and inhibits mitochondrial reactive oxygen species-H3K14 acetylation-AP-1-mediated EC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Li
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), and Department of Neurology (J.J.L.), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (M.M., D.W.P.)
| | - Ying Shao
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), and Department of Neurology (J.J.L.), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (M.M., D.W.P.)
| | - Xiaojin Sha
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), and Department of Neurology (J.J.L.), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (M.M., D.W.P.)
| | - Pu Fang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), and Department of Neurology (J.J.L.), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (M.M., D.W.P.)
| | - Yin-Ming Kuo
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), and Department of Neurology (J.J.L.), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (M.M., D.W.P.)
| | - Andrew J Andrews
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), and Department of Neurology (J.J.L.), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (M.M., D.W.P.)
| | - Yafeng Li
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), and Department of Neurology (J.J.L.), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (M.M., D.W.P.)
| | - William Y Yang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), and Department of Neurology (J.J.L.), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (M.M., D.W.P.)
| | - Massimo Maddaloni
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), and Department of Neurology (J.J.L.), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (M.M., D.W.P.)
| | - David W Pascual
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), and Department of Neurology (J.J.L.), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (M.M., D.W.P.)
| | - Jin J Luo
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), and Department of Neurology (J.J.L.), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (M.M., D.W.P.)
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), and Department of Neurology (J.J.L.), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (M.M., D.W.P.)
| | - Hong Wang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), and Department of Neurology (J.J.L.), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (M.M., D.W.P.)
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- From the Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, and Thrombosis Research (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), Department of Pharmacology (X.L., Y.S., X.S., P.F., Y.L., W.Y.Y., X.J., H.W., X.Y.), and Department of Neurology (J.J.L.), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA (Y.-M.K., A.J.A.); and Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (M.M., D.W.P.).
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Deng Y, Lin C, Zhou HJ, Min W. Smooth muscle cell differentiation: Mechanisms and models for vascular diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11515-017-1473-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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