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Yang Q, Saaoud F, Lu Y, Pu Y, Xu K, Shao Y, Jiang X, Wu S, Yang L, Tian Y, Liu X, Gillespie A, Luo JJ, Shi XM, Zhao H, Martinez L, Vazquez-Padron R, Wang H, Yang X. Innate immunity of vascular smooth muscle cells contributes to two-wave inflammation in atherosclerosis, twin-peak inflammation in aortic aneurysms and trans-differentiation potential into 25 cell types. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1348238. [PMID: 38327764 PMCID: PMC10847266 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1348238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the predominant cell type in the medial layer of the aorta, which plays a critical role in aortic diseases. Innate immunity is the main driving force for cardiovascular diseases. Methods To determine the roles of innate immunity in VSMC and aortic pathologies, we performed transcriptome analyses on aortas from ApoE-/- angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced aortic aneurysm (AAA) time course, and ApoE-/- atherosclerosis time course, as well as VSMCs stimulated with danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Results We made significant findings: 1) 95% and 45% of the upregulated innate immune pathways (UIIPs, based on data of 1226 innate immune genes) in ApoE-/- Ang II-induced AAA at 7 days were different from that of 14 and 28 days, respectively; and AAA showed twin peaks of UIIPs with a major peak at 7 days and a minor peak at 28 days; 2) all the UIIPs in ApoE-/- atherosclerosis at 6 weeks were different from that of 32 and 78 weeks (two waves); 3) analyses of additional 12 lists of innate immune-related genes with 1325 cytokine and chemokine genes, 2022 plasma membrane protein genes, 373 clusters of differentiation (CD) marker genes, 280 nuclear membrane protein genes, 1425 nucleoli protein genes, 6750 nucleoplasm protein genes, 1496 transcription factors (TFs) including 15 pioneer TFs, 164 histone modification enzymes, 102 oxidative cell death genes, 68 necrotic cell death genes, and 47 efferocytosis genes confirmed two-wave inflammation in atherosclerosis and twin-peak inflammation in AAA; 4) DAMPs-stimulated VSMCs were innate immune cells as judged by the upregulation of innate immune genes and genes from 12 additional lists; 5) DAMPs-stimulated VSMCs increased trans-differentiation potential by upregulating not only some of 82 markers of 7 VSMC-plastic cell types, including fibroblast, osteogenic, myofibroblast, macrophage, adipocyte, foam cell, and mesenchymal cell, but also 18 new cell types (out of 79 human cell types with 8065 cell markers); 6) analysis of gene deficient transcriptomes indicated that the antioxidant transcription factor NRF2 suppresses, however, the other five inflammatory transcription factors and master regulators, including AHR, NF-KB, NOX (ROS enzyme), PERK, and SET7 promote the upregulation of twelve lists of innate immune genes in atherosclerosis, AAA, and DAMP-stimulated VSMCs; and 7) both SET7 and trained tolerance-promoting metabolite itaconate contributed to twin-peak upregulation of cytokines in AAA. Discussion Our findings have provided novel insights on the roles of innate immune responses and nuclear stresses in the development of AAA, atherosclerosis, and VSMC immunology and provided novel therapeutic targets for treating those significant cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxi Yang
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Beloit College, Beloit, WI, United States
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yifan Lu
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yujiang Pu
- College of Letters & Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Keman Xu
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ying Shao
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research and Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sheng Wu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research and Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ying Tian
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Avrum Gillespie
- Section of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Kidney Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jin Jun Luo
- Department of Neurology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xinghua Mindy Shi
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, College of Science and Technology at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Huaqing Zhao
- Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Education and Data Science, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Laisel Martinez
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Roberto Vazquez-Padron
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research and Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics and Vascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research and Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Saaoud F, Martinez L, Lu Y, Xu K, Shao Y, Zhuo JL, Gillespie A, Wang H, Tabbara M, Salama A, Yang X, Vazquez-Padron RI. Chronic Kidney Disease Transdifferentiates Veins into a Specialized Immune-Endocrine Organ with Increased MYCN-AP1 Signaling. Cells 2023; 12:1482. [PMID: 37296603 PMCID: PMC10252601 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Most patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) choose hemodialysis as their treatment of choice. Thus, upper-extremity veins provide a functioning arteriovenous access to reduce dependence on central venous catheters. However, it is unknown whether CKD reprograms the transcriptome of veins and primes them for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) failure. To examine this, we performed transcriptomic analyses of bulk RNA sequencing data of veins isolated from 48 CKD patients and 20 non-CKD controls and made the following findings: (1) CKD converts veins into immune organs by upregulating 13 cytokine and chemokine genes, and over 50 canonical and noncanonical secretome genes; (2) CKD increases innate immune responses by upregulating 12 innate immune response genes and 18 cell membrane protein genes for increased intercellular communication, such as CX3CR1 chemokine signaling; (3) CKD upregulates five endoplasmic reticulum protein-coding genes and three mitochondrial genes, impairing mitochondrial bioenergetics and inducing immunometabolic reprogramming; (4) CKD reprograms fibrogenic processes in veins by upregulating 20 fibroblast genes and 6 fibrogenic factors, priming the vein for AVF failure; (5) CKD reprograms numerous cell death and survival programs; (6) CKD reprograms protein kinase signal transduction pathways and upregulates SRPK3 and CHKB; and (7) CKD reprograms vein transcriptomes and upregulates MYCN, AP1, and 11 other transcription factors for embryonic organ development, positive regulation of developmental growth, and muscle structure development in veins. These results provide novel insights on the roles of veins as immune endocrine organs and the effect of CKD in upregulating secretomes and driving immune and vascular cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Saaoud
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Laisel Martinez
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Yifan Lu
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Keman Xu
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ying Shao
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Jia L Zhuo
- Tulane Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Avrum Gillespie
- Section of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Marwan Tabbara
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Alghidak Salama
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Section of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Roberto I. Vazquez-Padron
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Saaoud F, Shao Y, Cornwell W, Wang H, Rogers TJ, Yang X. Cigarette Smoke Modulates Inflammation and Immunity via Reactive Oxygen Species-Regulated Trained Immunity and Trained Tolerance Mechanisms. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:1041-1069. [PMID: 36017612 PMCID: PMC10171958 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Cigarette smoke (CS) is a prominent cause of morbidity and death and poses a serious challenge to the current health care system worldwide. Its multifaceted roles have led to cardiovascular, respiratory, immunological, and neoplastic diseases. Recent Advances: CS influences both innate and adaptive immunity and regulates immune responses by exacerbating pathogenic immunological responses and/or suppressing defense immunity. There is substantial evidence pointing toward a critical role of CS in vascular immunopathology, but a comprehensive and up-to-date review is lacking. Critical Issues: This review aims to synthesize novel conceptual advances on the immunomodulatory action of CS with a focus on the cardiovascular system from the following perspectives: (i) the signaling of danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) receptors contributes to CS modulation of inflammation and immunity; (ii) CS reprograms immunometabolism and trained immunity-related metabolic pathways in innate immune cells and T cells, which can be sensed by the cytoplasmic (cytosolic and non-nuclear organelles) reactive oxygen species (ROS) system in vascular cells; (iii) how nuclear ROS drive CS-promoted DNA damage and cell death pathways, thereby amplifying inflammation and immune responses; and (iv) CS induces endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction and vascular inflammation to promote cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Future Directions: Despite significant progress in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms linking CS to immunity, further investigations are warranted to elucidate novel mechanisms responsible for CS-mediated immunopathology of CVDs; in particular, the research in redox regulation of immune functions of ECs and their fate affected by CS is still in its infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Saaoud
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ying Shao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William Cornwell
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Inflammation, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research and Thrombosis Research Centers, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas J. Rogers
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Inflammation, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Metabolic Disease Research and Thrombosis Research Centers, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Xu K, Zhang Y, Saaoud F, Shao Y, Lu Y, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. Editorial: Insights in cardiovascular therapeutics 2022-cardiovascular innate immunity. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1184030. [PMID: 37144060 PMCID: PMC10151803 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1184030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keman Xu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Education and Data Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Education and Data Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ying Shao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Education and Data Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yifan Lu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Education and Data Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Education and Data Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Education and Data Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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5
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Saaoud F, Liu L, Xu K, Cueto R, Shao Y, Lu Y, Sun Y, Snyder NW, Wu S, Yang L, Zhou Y, Williams DL, Li C, Martinez L, Vazquez-Padron RI, Zhao H, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. Aorta- and liver-generated TMAO enhances trained immunity for increased inflammation via ER stress/mitochondrial ROS/glycolysis pathways. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e158183. [PMID: 36394956 PMCID: PMC9870092 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined whether gut microbiota-produced trimethylamine (TMA) is oxidized into trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in nonliver tissues and whether TMAO promotes inflammation via trained immunity (TI). We found that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress genes were coupregulated with MitoCarta genes in chronic kidney diseases (CKD); TMAO upregulated 190 genes in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs); TMAO synthesis enzyme flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) was expressed in human and mouse aortas; TMAO transdifferentiated HAECs into innate immune cells; TMAO phosphorylated 12 kinases in cytosol via its receptor PERK and CREB, and integrated with PERK pathways; and PERK inhibitors suppressed TMAO-induced ICAM-1. TMAO upregulated 3 mitochondrial genes, downregulated inflammation inhibitor DARS2, and induced mitoROS, and mitoTEMPO inhibited TMAO-induced ICAM-1. β-Glucan priming, followed by TMAO restimulation, upregulated TNF-α by inducing metabolic reprogramming, and glycolysis inhibitor suppressed TMAO-induced ICAM-1. Our results have provided potentially novel insights regarding TMAO roles in inducing EC activation and innate immune transdifferentiation and inducing metabolic reprogramming and TI for enhanced vascular inflammation, and they have provided new therapeutic targets for treating cardiovascular diseases (CVD), CKD-promoted CVD, inflammation, transplantation, aging, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lu Liu
- Metabolic Disease Research and Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Keman Xu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and
| | - Ramon Cueto
- Metabolic Disease Research and Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ying Shao
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and
| | - Yifan Lu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and
| | - Yu Sun
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and
| | - Nathaniel W. Snyder
- Metabolic Disease Research and Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sheng Wu
- Metabolic Disease Research and Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yan Zhou
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David L. Williams
- Department of Surgery, Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Chuanfu Li
- Department of Surgery, Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Laisel Martinez
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Roberto I. Vazquez-Padron
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Huaqing Zhao
- Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Education and Data Science, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and
- Metabolic Disease Research and Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research and Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and
- Metabolic Disease Research and Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Lu Y, Sun Y, Xu K, Shao Y, Saaoud F, Snyder NW, Yang L, Yu J, Wu S, Hu W, Sun J, Wang H, Yang X. Editorial: Endothelial cells as innate immune cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1035497. [PMID: 36268030 PMCID: PMC9577408 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1035497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Lu
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yu Sun
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Keman Xu
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ying Shao
- Metabolic Disease Research and Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nathaniel W. Snyder
- Metabolic Disease Research and Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jun Yu
- Metabolic Disease Research and Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sheng Wu
- Metabolic Disease Research and Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Metabolic Disease Research and Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jianxin Sun
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Simmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research and Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Metabolic Disease Research and Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Shao Y, Saaoud F, Cornwell W, Xu K, Kirchhoff A, Lu Y, Jiang X, Wang H, Rogers TJ, Yang X. Cigarette Smoke and Morphine Promote Treg Plasticity to Th17 via Enhancing Trained Immunity. Cells 2022; 11:2810. [PMID: 36139385 PMCID: PMC9497420 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) respond to environmental cues to permit or suppress inflammation, and atherosclerosis weakens Treg suppression and promotes plasticity. However, the effects of smoking plus morphine (SM + M) on Treg plasticity remain unknown. To determine whether SM + M promotes Treg plasticity to T helper 17 (Th17) cells, we analyzed the RNA sequencing data from SM, M, and SM + M treated Tregs and performed knowledge-based and IPA analysis. We demonstrated that (1) SM + M, M, and SM upregulated the transcripts of cytokines, chemokines, and clusters of differentiation (CDs) and modulated the transcripts of kinases and phosphatases in Tregs; (2) SM + M, M, and SM upregulated the transcripts of immunometabolism genes, trained immunity genes, and histone modification enzymes; (3) SM + M increased the transcripts of Th17 transcription factor (TF) RORC and Tfh factor CXCR5 in Tregs; M increased the transcripts of T helper cell 1 (Th1) TF RUNX3 and Th1-Th9 receptor CXCR3; and SM inhibited Treg TGIF1 transcript; (4) six genes upregulated in SM + M Tregs were matched with the top-ranked Th17 pathogenic genes; and 57, 39 genes upregulated in SM + M Tregs were matched with groups II and group III Th17 pathogenic genes, respectively; (5) SM + M upregulated the transcripts of 70 IPA-TFs, 11 iTregs-specific TFs, and 4 iTregs-Th17 shared TFs; and (6) SM + M, M, and SM downregulated Treg suppression TF Rel (c-Rel); and 35 SM + M downregulated genes were overlapped with Rel-/- Treg downregulated genes. These results provide novel insights on the roles of SM + M in reprogramming Treg transcriptomes and Treg plasticity to Th17 cells and novel targets for future therapeutic interventions involving immunosuppression in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, transplantation, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shao
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - William Cornwell
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Keman Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Aaron Kirchhoff
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yifan Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Thomas J. Rogers
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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8
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Harris RJ, Willsmore Z, Laddach R, Crescioli S, Chauhan J, Cheung A, Black A, Geh JLC, MacKenzie Ross AD, Healy C, Tsoka S, Spicer J, Lacy KE, Karagiannis SN. Enriched circulating and tumor-resident TGF-β + regulatory B cells in patients with melanoma promote FOXP3 + Tregs. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2104426. [PMID: 35909944 PMCID: PMC9336482 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2104426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells are emerging as key players of anti-tumor adaptive immune responses. We investigated regulatory and pro-inflammatory cytokine-expressing B cells in patients with melanoma by flow cytometric intracellular cytokine, CyTOF, transcriptomic, immunofluorescence, single-cell RNA-seq, and B:T cell co-culture analyses. We found enhanced circulating regulatory (TGF-β+ and PD-L1+) and reduced pro-inflammatory TNF-α+ B cell populations in patients compared with healthy volunteers (HVs), including lower IFN-γ+:IL-4+ and higher TGF-β+:TNF-α+ B cell ratios in patients. TGF-β-expressing B cells in the melanoma tumor microenvironment assembled in clusters and interacted with T cells via lymphoid recruitment (SELL, CXCL13, CCL4, CD74) signals and with Tregs via CD47:SIRP-γ, and FOXP3-promoting Galectin-9:CD44. While reduced in tumors compared to blood, TNF-α-expressing B cells engaged in crosstalk with Tregs via TNF-α signaling and the ICOS/ICOSL axis. Patient-derived B cells promoted FOXP3+ Treg differentiation in a TGF-β-dependent manner, while sustaining expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α by autologous T-helper cells and promoting T-helper cell proliferation ex vivo, an effect further enhanced with anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade. Our findings reveal cytokine-expressing B cell compartments skewed toward regulatory phenotypes in patient circulation and melanoma lesions, intratumor spatial localization, and bidirectional crosstalk between B and T cell subsets with immunosuppressive attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Harris
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.,King's Health Partners Cancer Research UK Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Zena Willsmore
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.,King's Health Partners Cancer Research UK Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Roman Laddach
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical and Engineering Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jitesh Chauhan
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Anthony Cheung
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Anna Black
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jenny L C Geh
- Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy's, King's, and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Ciaran Healy
- Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy's, King's, and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sophia Tsoka
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical and Engineering Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James Spicer
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Katie E Lacy
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
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9
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Yang WY, Nguyen B, Wu S, Yu J, Wang H, Yang X. Editorial: Highlights for Cardiovascular Therapeutics in 2021 - Trained Immunity, Immunometabolism, Gender Differences of Cardiovascular Diseases, and Novel Targets of Cardiovascular Therapeutics. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:892288. [PMID: 35571184 PMCID: PMC9091719 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.892288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- William Y. Yang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Bonnie Nguyen
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sheng Wu
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jun Yu
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Cardiovascular Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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10
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Shao Y, Cornwell W, Xu K, Kirchhoff A, Saasoud F, Lu Y, Jiang X, Criner GJ, Wang H, Rogers TJ, Yang X. Chronic Exposure to the Combination of Cigarette Smoke and Morphine Decreases CD4 + Regulatory T Cell Numbers by Reprogramming the Treg Cell Transcriptome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:887681. [PMID: 35514978 PMCID: PMC9065607 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.887681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a high incidence of tobacco use among intravenous opioid drug users. It is well established that opioids and tobacco smoke induce a degree of immune activation, and recent work suggests that the combination of these drugs promotes further activation of the immune system. Our approach involved the treatment of wild-type mice with cigarette smoke (SM) for a period of eight weeks, and the chronic continuous administration of morphine (M) via mini-pumps for the final four weeks. In an effort to examine the responses of CD4+CD25highCD127low regulatory T (Treg) cells, the major immune suppressive cell type, to the combined chronic administration of SM and M, we determined the frequency of these cells in the spleen, lymph nodes and lungs. Flow cytometric analyses showed that SM and M individually, and the combination (SM + M) have differential effects on the numbers of Treg in the spleen, lymph node, and lung. Either SM or M alone increased Treg cell numbers in the spleen, but SM+M did not. Furthermore, SM + M decreased Treg cell numbers in the lymph node and lung. We then performed RNA-Seq on Treg cells from mice treated with SM, M, or SM + M, and we found that the S + M induced a number of significant changes in the transcriptome, that were not as apparent following treatment with either SM or M alone. This included an activation of TWEAK, PI3K/AKT and OXPHOS pathways and a shift to Th17 immunity. Our results have provided novel insights on tissue Treg cell changes, which we suggest are the result of transcriptomic reprogramming induced by SM, M, and SM + M, respectively. We believe these results may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for suppressing smoke and opioid induced Treg cell impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - William Cornwell
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Keman Xu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Aaron Kirchhoff
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fatma Saasoud
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yifan Lu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gerard J. Criner
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Thomas J. Rogers
- Center for Inflammation and Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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11
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Lu Y, Sun Y, Xu K, Saaoud F, Shao Y, Drummer C, Wu S, Hu W, Yu J, Kunapuli SP, Bethea JR, Vazquez-Padron RI, Sun J, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. Aorta in Pathologies May Function as an Immune Organ by Upregulating Secretomes for Immune and Vascular Cell Activation, Differentiation and Trans-Differentiation-Early Secretomes may Serve as Drivers for Trained Immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:858256. [PMID: 35320939 PMCID: PMC8934864 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.858256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine whether aorta becomes immune organ in pathologies, we performed transcriptomic analyses of six types of secretomic genes (SGs) in aorta and vascular cells and made the following findings: 1) 53.7% out of 21,306 human protein genes are classified into six secretomes, namely, canonical, caspase 1, caspase 4, exosome, Weibel-Palade body, and autophagy; 2) Atherosclerosis (AS), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) modulate six secretomes in aortas; and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV, COVID-19 homologous) infected endothelial cells (ECs) and angiotensin-II (Ang-II) treated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) modulate six secretomes; 3) AS aortas upregulate T and B cell immune SGs; CKD aortas upregulate SGs for cardiac hypertrophy, and hepatic fibrosis; and AAA aorta upregulate SGs for neuromuscular signaling and protein catabolism; 4) Ang-II induced AAA, canonical, caspase 4, and exosome SGs have two expression peaks of high (day 7)-low (day 14)-high (day 28) patterns; 5) Elastase induced AAA aortas have more inflammatory/immune pathways than that of Ang-II induced AAA aortas; 6) Most disease-upregulated cytokines in aorta may be secreted via canonical and exosome secretomes; 7) Canonical and caspase 1 SGs play roles at early MERS-CoV infected ECs whereas caspase 4 and exosome SGs play roles in late/chronic phases; and the early upregulated canonical and caspase 1 SGs may function as drivers for trained immunity (innate immune memory); 8) Venous ECs from arteriovenous fistula (AVF) upregulate SGs in five secretomes; and 9) Increased some of 101 trained immunity genes and decreased trained tolerance regulator IRG1 participate in upregulations of SGs in atherosclerotic, Ang-II induced AAA and CKD aortas, and MERS-CoV infected ECs, but less in SGs upregulated in AVF ECs. IL-1 family cytokines, HIF1α, SET7 and mTOR, ROS regulators NRF2 and NOX2 partially regulate trained immunity genes; and NRF2 plays roles in downregulating SGs more than that of NOX2 in upregulating SGs. These results provide novel insights on the roles of aorta as immune organ in upregulating secretomes and driving immune and vascular cell differentiations in COVID-19, cardiovascular diseases, inflammations, transplantations, autoimmune diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Lu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Education and Data Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yu Sun
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Education and Data Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Keman Xu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Education and Data Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Education and Data Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ying Shao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Education and Data Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Charles Drummer
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Education and Data Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sheng Wu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Education and Data Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Education and Data Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jun Yu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Education and Data Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Satya P. Kunapuli
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Education and Data Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - John R. Bethea
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Roberto I. Vazquez-Padron
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Jianxin Sun
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Education and Data Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Education and Data Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Education and Data Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Education and Data Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Education and Data Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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12
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Liu M, Xu K, Saaoud F, Shao Y, Zhang R, Lu Y, Sun Y, Drummer C, Li L, Wu S, Kunapuli SP, Criner GJ, Sun J, Shan H, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. 29 m 6A-RNA Methylation (Epitranscriptomic) Regulators Are Regulated in 41 Diseases including Atherosclerosis and Tumors Potentially via ROS Regulation - 102 Transcriptomic Dataset Analyses. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:1433323. [PMID: 35211628 PMCID: PMC8863469 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1433323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a database mining on 102 transcriptomic datasets for the expressions of 29 m6A-RNA methylation (epitranscriptomic) regulators (m6A-RMRs) in 41 diseases and cancers and made significant findings: (1) a few m6A-RMRs were upregulated; and most m6A-RMRs were downregulated in sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock, and trauma; (2) half of 29 m6A-RMRs were downregulated in atherosclerosis; (3) inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis modulated m6A-RMRs more than lupus and psoriasis; (4) some organ failures shared eight upregulated m6A-RMRs; end-stage renal failure (ESRF) downregulated 85% of m6A-RMRs; (5) Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections modulated m6A-RMRs the most among viral infections; (6) proinflammatory oxPAPC modulated m6A-RMRs more than DAMP stimulation including LPS and oxLDL; (7) upregulated m6A-RMRs were more than downregulated m6A-RMRs in cancer types; five types of cancers upregulated ≥10 m6A-RMRs; (8) proinflammatory M1 macrophages upregulated seven m6A-RMRs; (9) 86% of m6A-RMRs were differentially expressed in the six clusters of CD4+Foxp3+ immunosuppressive Treg, and 8 out of 12 Treg signatures regulated m6A-RMRs; (10) immune checkpoint receptors TIM3, TIGIT, PD-L2, and CTLA4 modulated m6A-RMRs, and inhibition of CD40 upregulated m6A-RMRs; (11) cytokines and interferons modulated m6A-RMRs; (12) NF-κB and JAK/STAT pathways upregulated more than downregulated m6A-RMRs whereas TP53, PTEN, and APC did the opposite; (13) methionine-homocysteine-methyl cycle enzyme Mthfd1 downregulated more than upregulated m6A-RMRs; (14) m6A writer RBM15 and one m6A eraser FTO, H3K4 methyltransferase MLL1, and DNA methyltransferase, DNMT1, regulated m6A-RMRs; and (15) 40 out of 165 ROS regulators were modulated by m6A eraser FTO and two m6A writers METTL3 and WTAP. Our findings shed new light on the functions of upregulated m6A-RMRs in 41 diseases and cancers, nine cellular and molecular mechanisms, novel therapeutic targets for inflammatory disorders, metabolic cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, organ failures, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Keman Xu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ying Shao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ruijing Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Yifan Lu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yu Sun
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Charles Drummer
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Sheng Wu
- Metabolic Disease Research; Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Satya P. Kunapuli
- Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Gerard J. Criner
- Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Jianxin Sun
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Huimin Shan
- Metabolic Disease Research; Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Metabolic Disease Research; Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research; Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Metabolic Disease Research; Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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13
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Xu K, Shao Y, Saaoud F, Gillespie A, Drummer C, Liu L, Lu Y, Sun Y, Xi H, Tükel Ç, Pratico D, Qin X, Sun J, Choi ET, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. Novel Knowledge-Based Transcriptomic Profiling of Lipid Lysophosphatidylinositol-Induced Endothelial Cell Activation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:773473. [PMID: 34912867 PMCID: PMC8668339 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.773473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine whether pro-inflammatory lipid lysophosphatidylinositols (LPIs) upregulate the expressions of membrane proteins for adhesion/signaling and secretory proteins in human aortic endothelial cell (HAEC) activation, we developed an EC biology knowledge-based transcriptomic formula to profile RNA-Seq data panoramically. We made the following primary findings: first, G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55), the LPI receptor, is expressed in the endothelium of both human and mouse aortas, and is significantly upregulated in hyperlipidemia; second, LPIs upregulate 43 clusters of differentiation (CD) in HAECs, promoting EC activation, innate immune trans-differentiation, and immune/inflammatory responses; 72.1% of LPI-upregulated CDs are not induced in influenza virus-, MERS-CoV virus- and herpes virus-infected human endothelial cells, which hinted the specificity of LPIs in HAEC activation; third, LPIs upregulate six types of 640 secretomic genes (SGs), namely, 216 canonical SGs, 60 caspase-1-gasdermin D (GSDMD) SGs, 117 caspase-4/11-GSDMD SGs, 40 exosome SGs, 179 Human Protein Atlas (HPA)-cytokines, and 28 HPA-chemokines, which make HAECs a large secretory organ for inflammation/immune responses and other functions; fourth, LPIs activate transcriptomic remodeling by upregulating 172 transcription factors (TFs), namely, pro-inflammatory factors NR4A3, FOS, KLF3, and HIF1A; fifth, LPIs upregulate 152 nuclear DNA-encoded mitochondrial (mitoCarta) genes, which alter mitochondrial mechanisms and functions, such as mitochondrial organization, respiration, translation, and transport; sixth, LPIs activate reactive oxygen species (ROS) mechanism by upregulating 18 ROS regulators; finally, utilizing the Cytoscape software, we found that three mechanisms, namely, LPI-upregulated TFs, mitoCarta genes, and ROS regulators, are integrated to promote HAEC activation. Our results provide novel insights into aortic EC activation, formulate an EC biology knowledge-based transcriptomic profile strategy, and identify new targets for the development of therapeutics for cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory conditions, immune diseases, organ transplantation, aging, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keman Xu
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation and Lung Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ying Shao
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation and Lung Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation and Lung Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Aria Gillespie
- Neural Sciences, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Charles Drummer
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation and Lung Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lu Liu
- Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences, Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yifan Lu
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation and Lung Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yu Sun
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation and Lung Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hang Xi
- Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences, Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Çagla Tükel
- Center for Microbiology & Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Domenico Pratico
- Alzheimer's Center, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xuebin Qin
- National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Jianxin Sun
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Eric T. Choi
- Surgery (Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery), Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation and Lung Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences, Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences, Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation and Lung Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences, Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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14
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Shao Y, Yang WY, Saaoud F, Drummer C, Sun Y, Xu K, Lu Y, Shan H, Shevach EM, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. IL-35 promotes CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs and inhibits atherosclerosis via maintaining CCR5-amplified Treg-suppressive mechanisms. JCI Insight 2021; 6:152511. [PMID: 34622804 PMCID: PMC8525592 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.152511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tregs play vital roles in suppressing atherogenesis. Pathological conditions reshape Tregs and increase Treg-weakening plasticity. It remains unclear how Tregs preserve their function and how Tregs switch into alternative phenotypes in the environment of atherosclerosis. In this study, we observed a great induction of CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs in the spleen and aorta of ApoE–/– mice, accompanied by a significant increase of plasma IL-35 levels. To determine if IL-35 devotes its role in the rise of Tregs, we generated IL-35 subunit P35–deficient (IL-35P35–deficient) mice on an ApoE–/– background and found Treg reduction in the spleen and aorta compared with ApoE–/– controls. In addition, our RNA sequencing data show the elevation of a set of chemokine receptor transcripts in the ApoE–/– Tregs, and we have validated higher CCR5 expression in ApoE–/– Tregs in the presence of IL-35 than in the absence of IL-35. Furthermore, we observed that CCR5+ Tregs in ApoE–/– have lower Treg-weakening AKT-mTOR signaling, higher expression of inhibitory checkpoint receptors TIGIT and PD-1, and higher expression of IL-10 compared with WT CCR5+ Tregs. In conclusion, IL-35 counteracts hyperlipidemia in maintaining Treg-suppressive function by increasing 3 CCR5-amplified mechanisms, including Treg migration, inhibition of Treg weakening AKT-mTOR signaling, and promotion of TIGIT and PD-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yu Sun
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research
| | - Keman Xu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research
| | - Yifan Lu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research
| | - Huimin Shan
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ethan M Shevach
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, Cellular Immunology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research.,Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research.,Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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15
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Shao Y, Saredy J, Xu K, Sun Y, Saaoud F, Drummer C, Lu Y, Luo JJ, Lopez-Pastrana J, Choi ET, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. Endothelial Immunity Trained by Coronavirus Infections, DAMP Stimulations and Regulated by Anti-Oxidant NRF2 May Contribute to Inflammations, Myelopoiesis, COVID-19 Cytokine Storms and Thromboembolism. Front Immunol 2021; 12:653110. [PMID: 34248940 PMCID: PMC8269631 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.653110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To characterize transcriptomic changes in endothelial cells (ECs) infected by coronaviruses, and stimulated by DAMPs, the expressions of 1311 innate immune regulatomic genes (IGs) were examined in 28 EC microarray datasets with 7 monocyte datasets as controls. We made the following findings: The majority of IGs are upregulated in the first 12 hours post-infection (PI), and maintained until 48 hours PI in human microvascular EC infected by middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) (an EC model for COVID-19). The expressions of IGs are modulated in 21 human EC transcriptomic datasets by various PAMPs/DAMPs, including LPS, LPC, shear stress, hyperlipidemia and oxLDL. Upregulation of many IGs such as nucleic acid sensors are shared between ECs infected by MERS-CoV and those stimulated by PAMPs and DAMPs. Human heart EC and mouse aortic EC express all four types of coronavirus receptors such as ANPEP, CEACAM1, ACE2, DPP4 and virus entry facilitator TMPRSS2 (heart EC); most of coronavirus replication-transcription protein complexes are expressed in HMEC, which contribute to viremia, thromboembolism, and cardiovascular comorbidities of COVID-19. ECs have novel trained immunity (TI), in which subsequent inflammation is enhanced. Upregulated proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, IL6, CSF1 and CSF3 and TI marker IL-32 as well as TI metabolic enzymes and epigenetic enzymes indicate TI function in HMEC infected by MERS-CoV, which may drive cytokine storms. Upregulated CSF1 and CSF3 demonstrate a novel function of ECs in promoting myelopoiesis. Mechanistically, the ER stress and ROS, together with decreased mitochondrial OXPHOS complexes, facilitate a proinflammatory response and TI. Additionally, an increase of the regulators of mitotic catastrophe cell death, apoptosis, ferroptosis, inflammasomes-driven pyroptosis in ECs infected with MERS-CoV and the upregulation of pro-thrombogenic factors increase thromboembolism potential. Finally, NRF2-suppressed ROS regulate innate immune responses, TI, thrombosis, EC inflammation and death. These transcriptomic results provide novel insights on the roles of ECs in coronavirus infections such as COVID-19, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), inflammation, transplantation, autoimmune disease and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shao
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jason Saredy
- Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Keman Xu
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yu Sun
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Charles Drummer
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yifan Lu
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jin J Luo
- Neurology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jahaira Lopez-Pastrana
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Eric T Choi
- Surgery, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Metabolic Disease Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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16
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Ni D, Tang T, Lu Y, Xu K, Shao Y, Saaoud F, Saredy J, Liu L, Drummer C, Sun Y, Hu W, Lopez-Pastrana J, Luo JJ, Jiang X, Choi ET, Wang H, Yang X. Canonical Secretomes, Innate Immune Caspase-1-, 4/11-Gasdermin D Non-Canonical Secretomes and Exosomes May Contribute to Maintain Treg-Ness for Treg Immunosuppression, Tissue Repair and Modulate Anti-Tumor Immunity via ROS Pathways. Front Immunol 2021; 12:678201. [PMID: 34084175 PMCID: PMC8168470 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.678201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a transcriptomic analyses using the strategies we pioneered and made the following findings: 1) Normal lymphoid Tregs, diseased kidney Tregs, splenic Tregs from mice with injured muscle have 3, 17 and 3 specific (S-) pathways, respectively; 2) Tumor splenic Tregs share 12 pathways with tumor Tregs; tumor splenic Tregs and tumor Tregs have 11 and 8 S-pathways, respectively; 3) Normal and non-tumor disease Tregs upregulate some of novel 2641 canonical secretomic genes (SGs) with 24 pathways, and tumor Tregs upregulate canonical secretomes with 17 pathways; 4) Normal and non-tumor disease tissue Tregs upregulate some of novel 6560 exosome SGs with 56 exosome SG pathways (ESP), tumor Treg ESP are more focused than other Tregs; 5) Normal, non-tumor diseased Treg and tumor Tregs upregulate some of novel 961 innate immune caspase-1 SGs and 1223 innate immune caspase-4 SGs to fulfill their tissue/SG-specific and shared functions; 6) Most tissue Treg transcriptomes are controlled by Foxp3; and Tumor Tregs had increased Foxp3 non-collaboration genes with ROS and 17 other pathways; 7) Immune checkpoint receptor PD-1 does, but CTLA-4 does not, play significant roles in promoting Treg upregulated genes in normal and non-tumor disease tissue Tregs; and tumor splenic and tumor Tregs have certain CTLA-4-, and PD-1-, non-collaboration transcriptomic changes with innate immune dominant pathways; 8) Tumor Tregs downregulate more immunometabolic and innate immune memory (trained immunity) genes than Tregs from other groups; and 11) ROS significantly regulate Treg transcriptomes; and ROS-suppressed genes are downregulated more in tumor Tregs than Tregs from other groups. Our results have provided novel insights on the roles of Tregs in normal, injuries, regeneration, tumor conditions and some of canonical and innate immune non-canonical secretomes via ROS-regulatory mechanisms and new therapeutic targets for immunosuppression, tissue repair, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, autoimmune diseases, transplantation, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ni
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - TingTing Tang
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yifan Lu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Keman Xu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ying Shao
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jason Saredy
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lu Liu
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Charles Drummer
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yu Sun
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jahaira Lopez-Pastrana
- Department of Psychiatry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jin J Luo
- Department of Neurology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Eric T Choi
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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17
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Drummer C, Saaoud F, Shao Y, Sun Y, Xu K, Lu Y, Ni D, Atar D, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. Trained Immunity and Reactivity of Macrophages and Endothelial Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1032-1046. [PMID: 33380171 PMCID: PMC7904591 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune cells can develop exacerbated immunologic response and long-term inflammatory phenotype following brief exposure to endogenous or exogenous insults, which leads to an altered response towards a second challenge after the return to a nonactivated state. This phenomenon is known as trained immunity (TI). TI is not only important for host defense and vaccine response but also for chronic inflammations such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases such as atherosclerosis. TI can occur in innate immune cells such as monocytes/macrophages, natural killer cells, endothelial cells (ECs), and nonimmune cells, such as fibroblast. In this brief review, we analyze the significance of TI in ECs, which are also considered as innate immune cells in addition to macrophages. TI can be induced by a variety of stimuli, including lipopolysaccharides, BCG (bacillus Calmette-Guerin), and oxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein), which are defined as risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Furthermore, TI in ECs is functional for inflammation effectiveness and transition to chronic inflammation. Rewiring of cellular metabolism of the trained cells takes place during induction of TI, including increased glycolysis, glutaminolysis, increased accumulation of tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites and acetyl-coenzyme A production, as well as increased mevalonate synthesis. Subsequently, this leads to epigenetic remodeling, resulting in important changes in chromatin architecture that enables increased gene transcription and enhanced proinflammatory immune response. However, TI pathways and inflammatory pathways are separated to ensure memory stays when inflammation undergoes resolution. Additionally, reactive oxygen species play context-dependent roles in TI. Therefore, TI plays significant roles in EC and macrophage pathology and chronic inflammation. However, further characterization of TI in ECs and macrophages would provide novel insights into cardiovascular disease pathogenesis and new therapeutic targets. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Drummer
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ying Shao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yu Sun
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Keman Xu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yifan Lu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Dong Ni
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Diana Atar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research and Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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18
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Yang Q, Zhang R, Tang P, Sun Y, Johnson C, Saredy J, Wu S, Wang J, Lu Y, Saaoud F, Shao Y, Drummer C, Xu K, Yu D, Li R, Ge S, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. Ultrasound May Suppress Tumor Growth, Inhibit Inflammation, and Establish Tolerogenesis by Remodeling Innatome via Pathways of ROS, Immune Checkpoints, Cytokines, and Trained Immunity/Tolerance. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:6664453. [PMID: 33628851 PMCID: PMC7889351 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6664453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune mechanisms underlying low-intensity ultrasound- (LIUS-) mediated suppression of inflammation and tumorigenesis remain poorly determined. METHODS We used microarray datasets from the NCBI GEO DataSet repository and conducted comprehensive data-mining analyses, where we examined the gene expression of 1376 innate immune regulators (innatome genes (IGs) in cells treated with LIUS. RESULTS We made the following findings: (1) LIUS upregulates proinflammatory IGs and downregulates metastasis genes in cancer cells, and LIUS upregulates adaptive immunity pathways but inhibits danger-sensing and inflammation pathways and promote tolerogenic differentiation in bone marrow (BM) cells. (2) LIUS upregulates IGs encoded for proteins localized in the cytoplasm, extracellular space, and others, but downregulates IG proteins localized in nuclear and plasma membranes, and LIUS downregulates phosphatases. (3) LIUS-modulated IGs act partially via several important pathways of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reverse signaling of immune checkpoint receptors B7-H4 and BTNL2, inflammatory cytokines, and static or oscillatory shear stress and heat generation, among which ROS is a dominant mechanism. (4) LIUS upregulates trained immunity enzymes in lymphoma cells and downregulates trained immunity enzymes and presumably establishes trained tolerance in BM cells. (5) LIUS modulates chromatin long-range interactions to differentially regulate IGs expression in cancer cells and noncancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis suggests novel molecular mechanisms that are utilized by LIUS to induce tumor suppression and inflammation inhibition. Our findings may lead to development of new treatment protocols for cancers and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational, & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis and Treatment Center, XiAn International Medical Center Hospital, XiAn, China
- Heart Center, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruijing Zhang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational, & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Peng Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Charity Hospital of China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational, & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Candice Johnson
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational, & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Jason Saredy
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Susu Wu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational, & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Jiwei Wang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational, & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yifan Lu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational, & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational, & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Ying Shao
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational, & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Charles Drummer
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational, & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Keman Xu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational, & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Daohai Yu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Rongshan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Shuping Ge
- Heart Center, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational, & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research and Inflammation, Translational, & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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19
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Zhang R, Xu K, Shao Y, Sun Y, Saredy J, Cutler E, Yao T, Liu M, Liu L, Drummer Iv C, Lu Y, Saaoud F, Ni D, Wang J, Li Y, Li R, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. Tissue Treg Secretomes and Transcription Factors Shared With Stem Cells Contribute to a Treg Niche to Maintain Treg-Ness With 80% Innate Immune Pathways, and Functions of Immunosuppression and Tissue Repair. Front Immunol 2021; 11:632239. [PMID: 33613572 PMCID: PMC7892453 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.632239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We used functional -omics angles and examined transcriptomic heterogeneity in CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) from spleen (s-Treg), lymph nodes (LN-Treg), intestine (int-Treg), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT-Treg), and made significant findings: 1) Five new shared Treg genes including NIBAN, TNFRSF1b, DUSP4,VAV2, and KLRG1, and 68 new signatures are identified. Among 27 signaling pathways shared in four tissue Treg, 22 pathways are innate immune pathways (81.5%); 2) s-Treg, LN-Treg, int-Treg, and VAT-Treg have zero, 49, 45, and 116 upregulated pathways, respectively; 3) 12, 7, and 15 out of 373 CD markers are identified as specific for LN-Treg, int-Treg, and VAT-Treg, respectively, which may initiate innate immune signaling; 4) 7, 49, 44, and 79 increased cytokines out of 1176 cytokines are identified for four Treg, respectively, suggesting that Treg have much more secretory proteins/cytokines than IL-10, TGF-β, and IL-35; 5) LN-Treg, int-Treg, and VAT-Treg have 13 additional secretory functions more than s-Treg, found by analyzing 1,706 secretomic genes; 6) 2, 20, 25, and 43 increased transcription factors (TFs) out of 1,496 TFs are identified four Treg, respectively; 7) LN-Treg and int-Treg have increased pyroptosis regulators but VAT-Treg have increased apoptosis regulators; 8) 1, 15, 19, and 31 increased kinases out of 661 kinome are identified for s-Treg, LN-Treg, int-Treg, and VAT-Treg, respectively; 9) comparing with that of s-Treg, LN-Treg, int-Treg, and VAT-Treg increase activated cluster (clusters 1–3) markers; and decrease resting cluster (clusters 4–6) markers; and 10) Treg promote tissue repair by sharing secretomes and TFs AHR, ETV5, EGR1, and KLF4 with stem cells, which partially promote upregulation of all the groups of Treg genes. These results suggest that stem cell-shared master genes make tissue Treg as the first T cell type using a Treg niche to maintain their Treg-ness with 80% innate immune pathways, and triple functions of immunosuppression, tissue repair, and homeostasis maintenance. Our results have provided novel insights on the roles of innate immune pathways on Treg heterogeneity and new therapeutic targets for immunosuppression, tissue repair, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, autoimmune diseases, transplantation, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijing Zhang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China.,Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Keman Xu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ying Shao
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yu Sun
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jason Saredy
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Cutler
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Tian Yao
- Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Charles Drummer Iv
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yifan Lu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dong Ni
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jirong Wang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Yafeng Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Rongshan Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Metabolic Disease Research & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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20
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Johnson C, Drummer IV C, Shan H, Shao Y, Sun Y, Lu Y, Saaoud F, Xu K, Nanayakkara G, Fang P, Bagi Z, Jiang X, Choi ET, Wang H, Yang X. A Novel Subset of CD95 + Pro-Inflammatory Macrophages Overcome miR155 Deficiency and May Serve as a Switch From Metabolically Healthy Obesity to Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity. Front Immunol 2021; 11:619951. [PMID: 33488632 PMCID: PMC7817616 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.619951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) accounts for roughly 35% of all obese patients. There is no clear consensus that has been reached on whether MHO is a stable condition or merely a transitory period between metabolically healthy lean and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). Additionally, the mechanisms underlying MHO and any transition to MUO are not clear. Macrophages are the most common immune cells in adipose tissues and have a significant presence in atherosclerosis. Fas (or CD95), which is highly expressed on macrophages, is classically recognized as a pro-apoptotic cell surface receptor. However, Fas also plays a significant role as a pro-inflammatory molecule. Previously, we established a mouse model (ApoE-/-/miR155-/-; DKO mouse) of MHO, based on the criteria of not having metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance (IR). In our current study, we hypothesized that MHO is a transition phase toward MUO, and that inflammation driven by our newly classified CD95+CD86- macrophages is a novel mechanism for this transition. We found that, with extended (24 weeks) high-fat diet feeding (HFD), MHO mice became MUO, shown by increased atherosclerosis. Mechanistically, we found the following: 1) at the MHO stage, DKO mice exhibited increased pro-inflammatory markers in adipose tissue, including CD95, and serum; 2) total adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) increased; 3) CD95+CD86- subset of ATMs also increased; and 4) human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were activated (as determined by upregulated ICAM1 expression) when incubated with conditioned media from CD95+-containing DKO ATMs and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells-derived macrophages in comparison to respective controls. These results suggest that extended HFD in MHO mice promotes vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis via increasing CD95+ pro-inflammatory ATMs. In conclusion, we have identified a novel molecular mechanism underlying MHO transition to MUO with HFD. We have also found a previously unappreciated role of CD95+ macrophages as a potentially novel subset that may be utilized to assess pro-inflammatory characteristics of macrophages, specifically in adipose tissue in the absence of pro-inflammatory miR-155. These findings have provided novel insights on MHO transition to MUO and new therapeutic targets for the future treatment of MUO, MetS, other obese diseases, and type II diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/pathology
- Animals
- Aorta
- Aortic Diseases/etiology
- Atherosclerosis/etiology
- B7-2 Antigen/analysis
- Cells, Cultured
- Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Disease Progression
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Inflammation/complications
- Inflammation/immunology
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/biosynthesis
- Macrophages/chemistry
- Macrophages/classification
- Macrophages/physiology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- MicroRNAs/physiology
- Obesity, Metabolically Benign/immunology
- Obesity, Metabolically Benign/metabolism
- Obesity, Metabolically Benign/pathology
- Vasculitis/etiology
- fas Receptor/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Johnson
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Charles Drummer IV
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Huimin Shan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ying Shao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yu Sun
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yifan Lu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Keman Xu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gayani Nanayakkara
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Pu Fang
- Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Zsolt Bagi
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Eric T. Choi
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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21
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Liu M, Saredy J, Zhang R, Shao Y, Sun Y, Yang WY, Wang J, Liu L, Drummer C, Johnson C, Saaoud F, Lu Y, Xu K, Li L, Wang X, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. Approaching Inflammation Paradoxes-Proinflammatory Cytokine Blockages Induce Inflammatory Regulators. Front Immunol 2020; 11:554301. [PMID: 33193322 PMCID: PMC7604447 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.554301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that underlie various inflammation paradoxes, metabolically healthy obesity, and increased inflammations after inflammatory cytokine blockades and deficiencies remain poorly determined. We performed an extensive -omics database mining, determined the expressions of 1367 innate immune regulators in 18 microarrays after deficiencies of 15 proinflammatory cytokines/regulators and eight microarray datasets of patients receiving Mab therapies, and made a set of significant findings: 1) proinflammatory cytokines/regulators suppress the expressions of innate immune regulators; 2) upregulations of innate immune regulators in the deficiencies of IFNγ/IFNγR1, IL-17A, STAT3 and miR155 are more than that after deficiencies of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, STAT1, NF-kB, and miR221; 3) IFNγ, IFNγR and IL-17RA inhibit 10, 59 and 39 proinflammatory cytokine/regulator pathways, respectively; in contrast, TNFα, IL-6 and IL-18 each inhibits only four to five pathways; 4) The IFNγ-promoted and -suppressed innate immune regulators have four shared pathways; the IFNγR1-promoted and -suppressed innate immune regulators have 11 shared pathways; and the miR155-promoted and -suppressed innate immune regulators have 13 shared pathways, suggesting negative-feedback mechanisms in their conserved regulatory pathways for innate immune regulators; 5) Deficiencies of proinflammatory cytokine/regulator-suppressed, promoted programs share signaling pathways and increase the likelihood of developing 11 diseases including cardiovascular disease; 6) There are the shared innate immune regulators and pathways between deficiency of TNFα in mice and anti-TNF therapy in clinical patients; 7) Mechanistically, up-regulated reactive oxygen species regulators such as myeloperoxidase caused by suppression of proinflammatory cytokines/regulators can drive the upregulation of suppressed innate immune regulators. Our findings have provided novel insights on various inflammation paradoxes and proinflammatory cytokines regulation of innate immune regulators; and may re-shape new therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular disease and other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jason Saredy
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ruijing Zhang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ying Shao
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yu Sun
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - William Y Yang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Jirong Wang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Charles Drummer
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Candice Johnson
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yifan Lu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Keman Xu
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers for Cardiovascular Research, Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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22
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Sun L, Wang X, Saredy J, Yuan Z, Yang X, Wang H. Innate-adaptive immunity interplay and redox regulation in immune response. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101759. [PMID: 33086106 PMCID: PMC7575795 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate and adaptive immune cell activation and infiltration is the key characteristic of tissue inflammation. The innate immune system is the front line of host defense in which innate immune cells are activated by danger signals, including pathogen- and danger-associated molecular pattern, and metabolite-associated danger signal. Innate immunity activation can directly contribute to tissue inflammation or immune resolution by phagocytosis and secretion of biologically active molecules, or indirectly via antigen-presenting cell (APC) activation-mediated adaptive immune responses. This review article describes the cellular and molecular interplay of innate-adaptive immune systems. Three major mechanisms are emphasized in this article for their role in facilitating innate-adaptive immunity interplay. 1) APC can be formed from classical and conditional innate immune cells to bridge innate-adaptive immune response. 2) Immune checkpoint molecular pairs connect innate and adaptive immune cells to direct one-way and two-way immune checkpoint reactions. 3) Metabolic reprogramming during immune responses leads to excessive cytosolic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Increased NADPH oxidase-derived extracellular and intracellular ROS are mostly responsible for oxidative stress, which contributes to functional changes in immune cells. Further understanding of innate-adaptive immunity interplay and its underlying molecular basis would lead to the identification of therapeutic targets for immunological and inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhe Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason Saredy
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zuyi Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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23
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Luthfi M, Rachmadi P, Oki AS, Indrawati R, Sosiawan A, Rifa'i M. Analysis of lymphocyte T(CD4 +) cells expression on severe early childhood caries and free caries. Infect Dis Rep 2020; 12:8760. [PMID: 32874475 PMCID: PMC7447946 DOI: 10.4081/idr.2020.8760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Early childhood caries (ECC) is still one of the many diseases found in children throughout the world. Cariogenic bacteria are a significant risk factor for ECC associated with early colonization and high levels of cariogenic microbes (Streptococcus mutans, S. mutans). Lymphocyte T (CD4+) cells known as helper T cells, are effector cells for mediated host immunity. Naive T cells (CD4+) must be activated to initiate effector function. This activation occurs through interaction with professional antigen- presenting cells (pro-APC), especially dendritic cells that lead to intracellular pathways that regulate T cell receptor (TCR) more specifically against antigen in T cells. Lymphocyte cells from samples were collected from severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) and Free caries aged 5 to 6 years. The subjects were instructed to gargle 10 mL of sterile NaCl 1.5% solution for 30 seconds, and expectorate it into a sterile glass then analyzing T lymphocyte cell (CD4+) expression using flow cytometry. Lymphocyte T (CD4+) cell expression at SECC (6.2525±64482) while in free caries (8.4138±1.10397) with P-value (P=0. 000). Conclusion of lymphocyte T (CD4+) cells expression at S-ECC is lower than that occurring in free caries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Agung Sosiawan
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya
| | - Muhaimin Rifa'i
- Department of Physiology, Cell Culture and Animal Develepment, Faculty of Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indoensia
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24
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Shao Y, Saredy J, Yang WY, Sun Y, Lu Y, Saaoud F, Drummer C, Johnson C, Xu K, Jiang X, Wang H, Yang X. Vascular Endothelial Cells and Innate Immunity. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:e138-e152. [PMID: 32459541 PMCID: PMC7263359 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In addition to the roles of endothelial cells (ECs) in physiological processes, ECs actively participate in both innate and adaptive immune responses. We previously reported that, in comparison to macrophages, a prototypic innate immune cell type, ECs have many innate immune functions that macrophages carry out, including cytokine secretion, phagocytic function, antigen presentation, pathogen-associated molecular patterns-, and danger-associated molecular patterns-sensing, proinflammatory, immune-enhancing, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppression, migration, heterogeneity, and plasticity. In this highlight, we introduce recent advances published in both ATVB and many other journals: (1) several significant characters classify ECs as novel immune cells not only in infections and allograft transplantation but also in metabolic diseases; (2) several new receptor systems including conditional danger-associated molecular pattern receptors, nonpattern receptors, and homeostasis associated molecular patterns receptors contribute to innate immune functions of ECs; (3) immunometabolism and innate immune memory determine the innate immune functions of ECs; (4) a great induction of the immune checkpoint receptors in ECs during inflammations suggests the immune tolerogenic functions of ECs; and (5) association of immune checkpoint inhibitors with cardiovascular adverse events and cardio-oncology indicates the potential contributions of ECs as innate immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shao
- Centers of Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Jason Saredy
- Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - William Y. Yang
- Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Yu Sun
- Centers of Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Yifan Lu
- Centers of Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Centers of Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Charles Drummer
- Centers of Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Candice Johnson
- Centers of Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Keman Xu
- Centers of Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers of Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
- Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers of Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
- Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
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25
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Huang G, Zhang Y, Wei X, Yu Z, Lai J, Shen Q, Chen X, Tan G, Chen C, Luo W, Li Y, Zhou M, Li Y, Li B. CD8+GITR+ T cells may negatively regulate T cell overactivation in aplastic anemia. Immunol Invest 2020; 50:406-415. [PMID: 32462957 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1770785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guixuan Huang
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Wei
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Yu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Lai
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Shen
- Department of Hematology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People’s Hospital), Shengzhen, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangxiao Tan
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cunte Chen
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Yumiao Li
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Lambrou GI, Hatziagapiou K, Vlahopoulos S. Inflammation and tissue homeostasis: the NF-κB system in physiology and malignant progression. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4047-4063. [PMID: 32239468 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05410-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of tissue function activates cellular stress which triggers a number of mechanisms that protect the tissue from further damage. These mechanisms involve a number of homeostatic modules, which are regulated at the level of gene expression by the transactivator NF-κB. This transcription factor shifts between activation and repression of discrete, cell-dependent gene expression clusters. Some of its target genes provide feedback to NF-κB itself, thereby strengthening the inflammatory response of the tissue and later terminating inflammation to facilitate restoration of tissue homeostasis. Disruption of key feedback modules for NF-κB in certain cell types facilitates the survival of clones with genomic aberrations, and protects them from being recognized and eliminated by the immune system, to enable thereby carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- George I Lambrou
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Levadeias 8, 11527, Goudi-Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Hatziagapiou
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Levadeias 8, 11527, Goudi-Athens, Greece
| | - Spiros Vlahopoulos
- First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thivon & Levadeias 8, 11527, Goudi-Athens, Greece.
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27
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Zhang R, Saredy J, Shao Y, Yao T, Liu L, Saaoud F, Yang WY, Sun Y, Johnson C, Drummer C, Fu H, Lu Y, Xu K, Liu M, Wang J, Cutler E, Yu D, Jiang X, Li Y, Li R, Wang L, Choi ET, Wang H, Yang X. End-stage renal disease is different from chronic kidney disease in upregulating ROS-modulated proinflammatory secretome in PBMCs - A novel multiple-hit model for disease progression. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101460. [PMID: 32179051 PMCID: PMC7327976 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The molecular mechanisms underlying chronic kidney disease (CKD) transition to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and CKD acceleration of cardiovascular and other tissue inflammations remain poorly determined. Methods We conducted a comprehensive data analyses on 7 microarray datasets in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with CKD and ESRD from NCBI-GEO databases, where we examined the expressions of 2641 secretome genes (SG). Results 1) 86.7% middle class (molecular weight >500 Daltons) uremic toxins (UTs) were encoded by SGs; 2) Upregulation of SGs in PBMCs in patients with ESRD (121 SGs) were significantly higher than that of CKD (44 SGs); 3) Transcriptomic analyses of PBMC secretome had advantages to identify more comprehensive secretome than conventional secretomic analyses; 4) ESRD-induced SGs had strong proinflammatory pathways; 5) Proinflammatory cytokines-based UTs such as IL-1β and IL-18 promoted ESRD modulation of SGs; 6) ESRD-upregulated co-stimulation receptors CD48 and CD58 increased secretomic upregulation in the PBMCs, which were magnified enormously in tissues; 7) M1-, and M2-macrophage polarization signals contributed to ESRD- and CKD-upregulated SGs; 8) ESRD- and CKD-upregulated SGs contained senescence-promoting regulators by upregulating proinflammatory IGFBP7 and downregulating anti-inflammatory TGF-β1 and telomere stabilizer SERPINE1/PAI-1; 9) ROS pathways played bigger roles in mediating ESRD-upregulated SGs (11.6%) than that in CKD-upregulated SGs (6.8%), and half of ESRD-upregulated SGs were ROS-independent. Conclusions Our analysis suggests novel secretomic upregulation in PBMCs of patients with CKD and ESRD, act synergistically with uremic toxins, to promote inflammation and potential disease progression. Our findings have provided novel insights on PBMC secretome upregulation to promote disease progression and may lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets for novel regimens for CKD, ESRD and their accelerated cardiovascular disease, other inflammations and cancers. (Total words: 279).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijing Zhang
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030013, China; Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, China
| | - Jason Saredy
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Ying Shao
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Tian Yao
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | | | - Yu Sun
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Candice Johnson
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Charles Drummer
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Hangfei Fu
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Yifan Lu
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Keman Xu
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Ming Liu
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China
| | - Jirong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Elizabeth Cutler
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Daohai Yu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Yafeng Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, China
| | - Rongshan Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030012, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030013, China
| | - Eric T Choi
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Center for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Centers for Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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Lai B, Wang J, Fagenson A, Sun Y, Saredy J, Lu Y, Nanayakkara G, Yang WY, Yu D, Shao Y, Drummer C, Johnson C, Saaoud F, Zhang R, Yang Q, Xu K, Mastascusa K, Cueto R, Fu H, Wu S, Sun L, Zhu P, Qin X, Yu J, Fan D, Shen YH, Sun J, Rogers T, Choi ET, Wang H, Yang X. Twenty Novel Disease Group-Specific and 12 New Shared Macrophage Pathways in Eight Groups of 34 Diseases Including 24 Inflammatory Organ Diseases and 10 Types of Tumors. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2612. [PMID: 31824480 PMCID: PMC6880770 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying pathophysiological regulation of tissue macrophage (Mφ) subsets remain poorly understood. From the expression of 207 Mφ genes comprising 31 markers for 10 subsets, 45 transcription factors (TFs), 56 immunometabolism enzymes, 23 trained immunity (innate immune memory) enzymes, and 52 other genes in microarray data, we made the following findings. (1) When 34 inflammation diseases and tumor types were grouped into eight categories, there was differential expression of the 31 Mφ markers and 45 Mφ TFs, highlighted by 12 shared and 20 group-specific disease pathways. (2) Mφ in lung, liver, spleen, and intestine (LLSI-Mφ) express higher M1 Mφ markers than lean adipose tissue Mφ (ATMφ) physiologically. (3) Pro-adipogenic TFs C/EBPα and PPARγ and proinflammatory adipokine leptin upregulate the expression of M1 Mφ markers. (4) Among 10 immune checkpoint receptors (ICRs), LLSI-Mφ and bone marrow (BM) Mφ express higher levels of CD274 (PDL-1) than ATMφ, presumably to counteract the M1 dominant status via its reverse signaling behavior. (5) Among 24 intercellular communication exosome mediators, LLSI- and BM- Mφ prefer to use RAB27A and STX3 than RAB31 and YKT6, suggesting new inflammatory exosome mediators for propagating inflammation. (6) Mφ in peritoneal tissue and LLSI-Mφ upregulate higher levels of immunometabolism enzymes than does ATMφ. (7) Mφ from peritoneum and LLSI-Mφ upregulate more trained immunity enzyme genes than does ATMφ. Our results suggest that multiple new mechanisms including the cell surface, intracellular immunometabolism, trained immunity, and TFs may be responsible for disease group-specific and shared pathways. Our findings have provided novel insights on the pathophysiological regulation of tissue Mφ, the disease group-specific and shared pathways of Mφ, and novel therapeutic targets for cancers and inflammations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lai
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiwei Wang
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Alexander Fagenson
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Division of Abdominal Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yu Sun
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jason Saredy
- Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yifan Lu
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gayani Nanayakkara
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - William Y Yang
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Daohai Yu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ying Shao
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Charles Drummer
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Candice Johnson
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ruijing Zhang
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Qian Yang
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Keman Xu
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kevin Mastascusa
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ramon Cueto
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hangfei Fu
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Susu Wu
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lizhe Sun
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Peiqian Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuebin Qin
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Tulane National Primate Research Center, School of Medicine, Tulane University, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Jun Yu
- Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Daping Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Ying H Shen
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Laboratory, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jianxin Sun
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Thomas Rogers
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Eric T Choi
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Tulane National Primate Research Center, School of Medicine, Tulane University, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Metabolic Disease Research, Cardiovascular Research, & Thrombosis Research, Departments of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Lu Y, Sun Y, Drummer C, Nanayakkara GK, Shao Y, Saaoud F, Johnson C, Zhang R, Yu D, Li X, Yang WY, Yu J, Jiang X, Choi ET, Wang H, Yang X. Increased acetylation of H3K14 in the genomic regions that encode trained immunity enzymes in lysophosphatidylcholine-activated human aortic endothelial cells - Novel qualification markers for chronic disease risk factors and conditional DAMPs. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101221. [PMID: 31153039 PMCID: PMC6543097 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To test our hypothesis that proatherogenic lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) upregulates trained immunity pathways (TIPs) in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), we conducted an intensive analyses on our RNA-Seq data and histone 3 lysine 14 acetylation (H3K14ac)-CHIP-Seq data, both performed on HAEC treated with LPC. Our analysis revealed that: 1) LPC induces upregulation of three TIPs including glycolysis enzymes (GE), mevalonate enzymes (ME), and acetyl-CoA generating enzymes (ACE); 2) LPC induces upregulation of 29% of 31 histone acetyltransferases, three of which acetylate H3K14; 3) LPC induces H3K14 acetylation (H3K14ac) in the genomic DNA that encodes LPC-induced TIP genes (79%) in comparison to that of in LPC-induced effector genes (43%) including ICAM-1; 4) TIP pathways are significantly different from that of EC activation effectors including adhesion molecule ICAM-1; 5) reactive oxygen species generating enzyme NOX2 deficiency decreases, but antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 deficiency increases, the expressions of a few TIP genes and EC activation effector genes; and 6) LPC induced TIP genes(81%) favor inter-chromosomal long-range interactions (CLRI, trans-chromatin interaction) while LPC induced effector genes (65%) favor intra-chromosomal CLRIs (cis-chromatin interaction). Our findings demonstrated that proatherogenic lipids upregulate TIPs in HAECs, which are a new category of qualification markers for chronic disease risk factors and conditional DAMPs and potential mechanisms for acute inflammation transition to chronic ones. These novel insights may lead to identifications of new cardiovascular risk factors in upregulating TIPs in cardiovascular cells and novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of metabolic cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, and cancers. (total words: 245).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Lu
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Yu Sun
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Charles Drummer
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Gayani K Nanayakkara
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Ying Shao
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Candice Johnson
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Ruijing Zhang
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Daohai Yu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - William Y Yang
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Jun Yu
- Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Eric T Choi
- Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Division of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers for Inflammation, Translational & Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
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