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Mohebbi A, Kiani I, Mohammadzadeh S, Mohammadi A, Tavangar SM. Qualitative and quantitative differentiation efficiency of dual-tracer PET/CT with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and 11C-acetate for primary hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2024:10.1007/s00261-024-04302-y. [PMID: 39060514 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-024-04302-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a substantial global health challenge. Early diagnosis of HCC is crucial for improved patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess qualitative and quantitative diagnostic performance of PET/CT using 11C-acetate and [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in detection of primary HCC and to determine if 11C-acetate added to [18F]-FDG alleviates the low sensitivity rate mentioned in guidelines. METHODS Protocol was pre-registered at https://osf.io/2vcb9 . We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for included studies. Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 was used to assess the risk of bias. Possible sources of statistical heterogeneity were explored. Additionally, mentioned three PET/CT tests were evaluated for their diagnostic performance in differentiating HCC from its differential diagnoses. Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation was used to assess quality of generated evidence. RESULTS Twenty-four studies were analyzed. Qualitative dual-tracer PET/CT demonstrated 92.0% per-lesion sensitivity, and a significantly higher direct sensitivity difference of 30% to conventional CT, 44.7% to [18F]-FDG, and 12.0% to 11C-acetate. Regarding differentiation rate, [18F]-FDG was superior to 11C-acetate in poorly differentiated lesions while 11C-acetate was superior in well-differentiated lesions. Regarding size, dual tracer combination solved the high missing rate of HCC lesions in 1-2 cm and 2-5 cm groups but could not help in size < 1 cm. CONCLUSION Dual-tracer PET/CT utilizing 11C-acetate and [18F]-FDG represents a sensitive method for detecting primary HCC. By concurrently quantifying or qualifying the uptake of 11C-acetate and [18F]-FDG, this multimodal approach enables precise localization of intrahepatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Mohebbi
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Kiani
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Mohammadzadeh
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Mohammadi
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Tavangar
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Pan JJ, Xie SZ, Zheng X, Xu JF, Xu H, Yin RQ, Luo YL, Shen L, Chen ZR, Chen YR, Yu SZ, Lu L, Zhu WW, Lu M, Qin LX. Acetyl-CoA metabolic accumulation promotes hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis via enhancing CXCL1-dependent infiltration of tumor-associated neutrophils. Cancer Lett 2024; 592:216903. [PMID: 38670307 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
High levels of acetyl-CoA are considered a key metabolic feature of metastatic cancers. However, the impacts of acetyl-CoA metabolic accumulation on cancer microenvironment remodeling are poorly understood. In this study, using human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and orthotopic xenograft models, we found a close association between high acetyl-CoA levels in HCCs, increased infiltration of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) in the cancer microenvironment and HCC metastasis. Cytokine microarray and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) revealed the crucial role of the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1(CXCL1). Mechanistically, acetyl-CoA accumulation induces H3 acetylation-dependent upregulation of CXCL1 gene expression. CXCL1 recruits TANs, leads to neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation and promotes HCC metastasis. Collectively, our work linked the accumulation of acetyl-CoA in HCC cells and TANs infiltration, and revealed that the CXCL1-CXC receptor 2 (CXCR2)-TANs-NETs axis is a potential target for HCCs with high acetyl-CoA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Pan
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Center, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Sun-Zhe Xie
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Center, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Center, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jian-Feng Xu
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Center, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Center, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Rui-Qi Yin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yun-Ling Luo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rui'an People's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 168 Ruifeng Avenue, Zhejiang 325200, China
| | - Li Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zheng-Ru Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rui'an People's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 168 Ruifeng Avenue, Zhejiang 325200, China
| | - Yi-Ran Chen
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Center, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Shi-Zhe Yu
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Center, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Center, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wen-Wei Zhu
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Center, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Ming Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Lun-Xiu Qin
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Center, Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital & Cancer Metastasis Institute, Fudan University, 12 Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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3
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Mohebbi A, Kiani I, Mohammadzadeh S, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Mohammadi A, Tavangar SM. Enhanced staging of extrahepatic hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis through dual-tracer PET/computed tomography: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nucl Med Commun 2024:00006231-990000000-00312. [PMID: 38899958 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to quantify the diagnostic value of dual-tracer PET/computed tomography (CT) with 11C-acetate and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in per-lesion and per-patient and its effect on clinical decision-making for choosing the most appropriate management. The study protocol is registered a priori at https://osf.io/rvm75/. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for relevant studies until 1 June 2023. Studies regarding the review question were included. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) was used to assess bias risk. Per-lesion and per-patient diagnostic performance were calculated for: (1) 11C-acetate alone; (2) FDG alone; and (3) dual tracer of 11C-acetate and FDG. A direct comparison of these three combinations was made. The possible sources of statistical heterogeneity were also examined. We also calculated the percentage change in clinical decision-making when dual-tracer PET/CT was added to conventional imaging routinely used for metastatic evaluation (CT/MRI). Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations tool was used to evaluate the certainty of evidence. Eight studies including 521 patients and 672 metastatic lesions were included. Dual-tracer PET/CT had a per-lesion sensitivity of 96.3% [95% confidence interval (CI), 91.8-98.4%] and per-patient sensitivity of 95.5% (95% CI, 89.1-98.2%) which were highly superior to either of tracers alone. Per-patient specificity was 98.5% (84.1-99.9%) which was similar to either of tracers alone. Overall, 9.3% (95% CI, 4.7-13.9%) of the patients had their management beneficially altered by adding dual-tracer PET/CT to their conventional CT/MRI results. Dual-tracer PET/CT substantially outperforms single-tracer methods in detecting extrahepatic hepatocellular carcinoma metastases, evidencing its reliability and significant role in refining clinical management strategies based on robust diagnostic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Mohebbi
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Kiani
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Afshin Mohammadi
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia
| | - Seyed Mohammad Tavangar
- Department of Pathology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Xu G, Quan S, Schell J, Gao Y, Varmazyad M, Sreenivas P, Cruz D, Jiang H, Pan M, Han X, Palavicini JP, Zhao P, Sun X, Marchant ED, Rasmussen BB, Li G, Katsumura S, Morita M, Munkácsy E, Horikoshi N, Chocron ES, Gius D. Mitochondrial ACSS1-K635 acetylation knock-in mice exhibit altered metabolism, cell senescence, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj5942. [PMID: 38758779 PMCID: PMC11100568 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj5942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 1 (ACSS1) uses acetate to generate mitochondrial acetyl-CoA and is regulated by deacetylation by sirtuin 3. We generated an ACSS1-acetylation (Ac) mimic mouse, where lysine-635 was mutated to glutamine (K635Q). Male Acss1K635Q/K635Q mice were smaller with higher metabolic rate and blood acetate and decreased liver/serum ATP and lactate levels. After a 48-hour fast, Acss1K635Q/K635Q mice presented hypothermia and liver aberrations, including enlargement, discoloration, lipid droplet accumulation, and microsteatosis, consistent with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). RNA sequencing analysis suggested dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism, cellular senescence, and hepatic steatosis networks, consistent with NAFLD. Fasted Acss1K635Q/K635Q mouse livers showed increased fatty acid synthase (FASN) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), both associated with NAFLD, and increased carbohydrate response element-binding protein binding to Fasn and Scd1 enhancer regions. Last, liver lipidomics showed elevated ceramide, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, and lysophosphatidylcholine, all associated with NAFLD. Thus, we propose that ACSS1-K635-Ac dysregulation leads to aberrant lipid metabolism, cellular senescence, and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guogang Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Songhua Quan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joseph Schell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yucheng Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mahboubeh Varmazyad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Prethish Sreenivas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Diego Cruz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Haiyan Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Meixia Pan
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Palavicini
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Division of Diabetes, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Mays Cancer Center, Transplant Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Erik D. Marchant
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Blake B. Rasmussen
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Guannan Li
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sakie Katsumura
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Masahiro Morita
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Premium Research Institute for Human Metaverse Medicine (WPI-PRIMe), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Erin Munkácsy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Nobuo Horikoshi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - E. Sandra Chocron
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - David Gius
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mays Cancer Center at UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Kim D, Ko HY, Chung JI, Park YM, Lee S, Kim SY, Kim J, Chun JH, Han KS, Lee M, Ju YH, Park SJ, Park KD, Nam MH, Kim SH, Shim JK, Park Y, Lim H, Park J, Lee GH, Kim H, Kim S, Park U, Ryu H, Lee SY, Park S, Kang SG, Chang JH, Lee CJ, Yun M. Visualizing cancer-originating acetate uptake through monocarboxylate transporter 1 in reactive astrocytes in the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:843-857. [PMID: 38085571 PMCID: PMC11066945 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive astrogliosis is a hallmark of various brain pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases and glioblastomas. However, the specific intermediate metabolites contributing to reactive astrogliosis remain unknown. This study investigated how glioblastomas induce reactive astrogliosis in the neighboring microenvironment and explore 11C-acetate PET as an imaging technique for detecting reactive astrogliosis. METHODS Through in vitro, mouse models, and human tissue experiments, we examined the association between elevated 11C-acetate uptake and reactive astrogliosis in gliomas. We explored acetate from glioblastoma cells, which triggers reactive astrogliosis in neighboring astrocytes by upregulating MAO-B and monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) expression. We evaluated the presence of cancer stem cells in the reactive astrogliosis region of glioblastomas and assessed the correlation between the volume of 11C-acetate uptake beyond MRI and prognosis. RESULTS Elevated 11C-acetate uptake is associated with reactive astrogliosis and astrocytic MCT1 in the periphery of glioblastomas in human tissues and mouse models. Glioblastoma cells exhibit increased acetate production as a result of glucose metabolism, with subsequent secretion of acetate. Acetate derived from glioblastoma cells induces reactive astrogliosis in neighboring astrocytes by increasing the expression of MAO-B and MCT1. We found cancer stem cells within the reactive astrogliosis at the tumor periphery. Consequently, a larger volume of 11C-acetate uptake beyond contrast-enhanced MRI was associated with a worse prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the role of acetate derived from glioblastoma cells in inducing reactive astrogliosis and underscore the potential value of 11C-acetate PET as an imaging technique for detecting reactive astrogliosis, offering important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwoo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Ko
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-In Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongmin Mason Park
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Yoo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Hyun Chun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Seok Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Misu Lee
- Division of Life Science, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ha Ju
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jun Park
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Med Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Med Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Nam
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Med Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of KHU-KIST Convergence Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Shim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Park
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunkeong Lim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyung Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwan-Ho Lee
- Research Resources Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhyun Kim
- K-Laboratory, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Uiyeol Park
- K-Laboratory, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Ryu
- K-Laboratory, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yun Lee
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyouk Park
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijin Yun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Chiu KWH, Tan KV, Yang X, Zhu X, Shi J, Chiang CL, Chan L, Hui Y, Khong PL, Man K, Wong JWH. Prognostic PET [ 11C]-acetate uptake is associated with hypoxia gene expression in patients with late-stage hepatocellular carcinoma - a bench to bed study. Cancer Imaging 2024; 24:42. [PMID: 38520026 PMCID: PMC10958914 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-024-00685-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positron Emission Tomography (PET) with combined [18F]-FDG and [11C]-acetate (dual-tracer) is used for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, although its prognostic value and underlying molecular mechanism remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that radiotracer uptake might be associated with tumor hypoxia and validated our findings in public and local human HCC cohorts. METHODS Twelve orthotopic HCC xenografts were established using MHCC97L cells in female nude mice, with 5 having undergone hepatic artery ligation (HAL) to create tumor hypoxia in vivo. Tumors in both Control and HAL-treated xenografts were imaged with [11C]-acetate and [18F]-FDG PET-MR and RNA sequencing was performed on the resected tumors. Semiquantitative analysis of PET findings was then performed, and the findings were then validated on the Cancer Genome Atlas Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA-LIHC) cohort and patients from our institution. RESULTS HAL-treated mice showed lower [11C]-acetate (HAL-treated vs. Control, tumor-to-liver SUV ratio (SUVTLR): 2.14[2.05-2.21] vs 3.11[2.75-5.43], p = 0.02) but not [18F]-FDG (HAL-treated vs. Control, SUVTLR: 3.73[3.12-4.35] vs 3.86[3.7-5.29], p = 0.83) tumor uptakes. Gene expression analysis showed the PET phenotype is associated with upregulation of hallmark hypoxia signature. The prognostic value of the hypoxia gene signature was tested on the TCGA-LIHC cohort with upregulation of hypoxia gene signature associated with poorer overall survival (OS) in late-stage (stage III and IV) HCC patients (n = 66, OS 2.05 vs 1.67 years, p = 0.046). Using a local cohort of late-stage HCC patients who underwent dual-tracer PET-CT, tumors without [11C]-acetate uptake are associated with poorer prognosis (n = 51, OS 0.25 versus 1.21 years, p < 0.0001) and multivariable analyses showed [11C]-acetate tumor uptake as an independent predictor of OS (HR 0.17 95%C 0.06-0.42, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS [11C]-acetate uptake is associated with alteration of tumor hypoxia gene expression and poorer prognosis in patients with advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Wan Hang Chiu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Kel Vin Tan
- Department of Oncology, MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Xinxiang Yang
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zhu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi-Leung Chiang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lawrence Chan
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuan Hui
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pek-Lan Khong
- Clinical Imaging Research Center (CIRC), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kwan Man
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jason Wing Hon Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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7
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Wu K, Lin F. Lipid Metabolism as a Potential Target of Liver Cancer. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2024; 11:327-346. [PMID: 38375401 PMCID: PMC10875169 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s450423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stands as a severe malignant tumor with a profound impact on overall health, often accompanied by an unfavorable prognosis. Despite some advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease, improving the prognosis of HCC remains a formidable challenge. It is noteworthy that lipid metabolism plays a pivotal role in the onset, development, and progression of tumor cells. Existing research indicates the potential application of targeting lipid metabolism in the treatment of HCC. This review aims to thoroughly explore the alterations in lipid metabolism in HCC, offering a detailed account of the potential advantages associated with innovative therapeutic strategies targeting lipid metabolism. Targeting lipid metabolism holds promise for potentially enhancing the prognosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangze Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feizhuan Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Zhou P, Chang WY, Gong DA, Xia J, Chen W, Huang LY, Liu R, Liu Y, Chen C, Wang K, Tang N, Huang AL. High dietary fructose promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by enhancing O-GlcNAcylation via microbiota-derived acetate. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1961-1975.e6. [PMID: 37797623 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Emerging studies have addressed the tumor-promoting role of fructose in different cancers. The effects and pathological mechanisms of high dietary fructose on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. Here, we examined the effects of fructose supplementation on HCC progression in wild-type C57BL/6 mice using a spontaneous and chemically induced HCC mouse model. We show that elevated uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and O-GlcNAcylation levels induced by high dietary fructose contribute to HCC progression. Non-targeted metabolomics and stable isotope tracing revealed that under fructose treatment, microbiota-derived acetate upregulates glutamine and UDP-GlcNAc levels and enhances protein O-GlcNAcylation in HCC. Global profiling of O-GlcNAcylation revealed that hyper-O-GlcNAcylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 1A1 promotes cell proliferation and tumor growth. Targeting glutamate-ammonia ligase or O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) remarkably impeded HCC progression in mice with high fructose intake. We propose that high dietary fructose promotes HCC progression through microbial acetate-induced hyper-O-GlcNAcylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wen-Yi Chang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - De-Ao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jie Xia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Shanghai Applied Protein Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201109, China
| | - Lu-Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Ni Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Ai-Long Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Nam MH, Ko HY, Kim D, Lee S, Park YM, Hyeon SJ, Won W, Chung JI, Kim SY, Jo HH, Oh KT, Han YE, Lee GH, Ju YH, Lee H, Kim H, Heo J, Bhalla M, Kim KJ, Kwon J, Stein TD, Kong M, Lee H, Lee SE, Oh SJ, Chun JH, Park MA, Park KD, Ryu H, Yun M, Lee CJ. Visualizing reactive astrocyte-neuron interaction in Alzheimer's disease using 11C-acetate and 18F-FDG. Brain 2023; 146:2957-2974. [PMID: 37062541 PMCID: PMC10517195 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive astrogliosis is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, a clinically validated neuroimaging probe to visualize the reactive astrogliosis is yet to be discovered. Here, we show that PET imaging with 11C-acetate and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) functionally visualizes the reactive astrocyte-mediated neuronal hypometabolism in the brains with neuroinflammation and AD. To investigate the alterations of acetate and glucose metabolism in the diseased brains and their impact on the AD pathology, we adopted multifaceted approaches including microPET imaging, autoradiography, immunohistochemistry, metabolomics, and electrophysiology. Two AD rodent models, APP/PS1 and 5xFAD transgenic mice, one adenovirus-induced rat model of reactive astrogliosis, and post-mortem human brain tissues were used in this study. We further curated a proof-of-concept human study that included 11C-acetate and 18F-FDG PET imaging analyses along with neuropsychological assessments from 11 AD patients and 10 healthy control subjects. We demonstrate that reactive astrocytes excessively absorb acetate through elevated monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT1) in rodent models of both reactive astrogliosis and AD. The elevated acetate uptake is associated with reactive astrogliosis and boosts the aberrant astrocytic GABA synthesis when amyloid-β is present. The excessive astrocytic GABA subsequently suppresses neuronal activity, which could lead to glucose uptake through decreased glucose transporter-3 in the diseased brains. We further demonstrate that 11C-acetate uptake was significantly increased in the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus and temporo-parietal neocortex of the AD patients compared to the healthy controls, while 18F-FDG uptake was significantly reduced in the same regions. Additionally, we discover a strong correlation between the patients' cognitive function and the PET signals of both 11C-acetate and 18F-FDG. We demonstrate the potential value of PET imaging with 11C-acetate and 18F-FDG by visualizing reactive astrogliosis and the associated neuronal glucose hypometablosim for AD patients. Our findings further suggest that the acetate-boosted reactive astrocyte-neuron interaction could contribute to the cognitive decline in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ho Nam
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of KHU-KIST Convergence Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Ko
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongmin Mason Park
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Hyeon
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Won
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-In Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Yoo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Hee Jo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Taek Oh
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Han
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwan-Ho Lee
- Research Resources Division, KIST, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ha Ju
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyowon Lee
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of KHU-KIST Convergence Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaejun Heo
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Mridula Bhalla
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Jung Kim
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Jea Kwon
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Thor D Stein
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Department of Pathology, Chobanian and Avedisian Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Mingyu Kong
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, KIST, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbeom Lee
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, KIST, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Research Resources Division, KIST, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Oh
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Hyun Chun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ae Park
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Department of Pathology, Chobanian and Avedisian Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Mijin Yun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- IBS School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
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Ouyang J, Ding P, Zhang R, Lu Y. Head-to-head comparison of 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT in the evaluation of primary digestive system cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1202505. [PMID: 37434980 PMCID: PMC10332156 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1202505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Althoug 18F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is widely accepted as a diagnostic tool for detecting digestive cancers, 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT may perform better in detecting gastrointestinal malignancies at an earlier stage. This study aimed to systematically review the diagnostic performance of 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT compared with that of 18F-FDG PET/CT in primary digestive system cancers. Methods In this study, a comprehensive search using the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases was performed to identify studies that met the eligibility criteria from the beginning of the databases to March 2023. The quality of the relevant studies with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) method was assessed using the RevMan 5.3 software. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated using bivariate random-effects models, and heterogeneity was assessed with the I2 statistic and meta-regression analysis using the R 4.22 software. Results A total of 800 publications were identified in the initial search. Finally, 15 studies comprising 383 patients were included in the analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT were 0.98 (95% CI, 0.94-1.00) and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.23-1.00), whereas those of 18F-FDG PET/CT were 0.73 (95% CI, 0.60-0.84) and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.52-0.95), respectively. 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT performed better for specific tumours, particularly in gastric, liver, biliary tract, and pancreatic cancers. Both imaging modalities had essentially the same diagnostic efficacy in colorectal cancer. Conclusions 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT showed a higher diagnostic ability than 18F-FDG PET/CT in terms of diagnosing primary digestive tract cancers, especially gastric, liver, biliary tract, and pancreatic cancers. The certainty of the evidence was high due to the moderately low risk of bias and low concern regarding applicability. However, the sample size of the included studies was small and heterogeneous. More high-quality prospective studies are needed to obtain higher-quality evidence in the future. Systematic Review Registration The systematic review was registered in PROSPERO [CRD42023402892].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqi Ouyang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Peiwen Ding
- Clinical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Runshun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuexia Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Kim D, Chun JH, Yi JH, Ko HY, Chung JI, Lee M, Park YM, Nam MH, Kim J, Kim SY, Park Y, Moon JH, Kang SG, Chang JH, Lee CJ, Kim SH, Yun M. 11 C-Acetate PET/CT Detects Reactive Astrogliosis Helping Glioma Classification. Clin Nucl Med 2022; 47:863-868. [PMID: 35868002 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE 11 C-acetate ( 11 C-ACE) uptake on PET/CT was recently discovered to represent reactive astrocytes in the tumor microenvironment. This study aimed at evaluating the role of 11 C-ACE PET/CT as an imaging biomarker of reactive astrogliosis in characterizing different types of gliomas. METHODS In this prospective study, a total of 182 patients underwent 11 C-ACE PET/CT before surgery. The ratio of SUV max of a glioma to the SUV mean of the contralateral choroid plexus ( 11 C-ACE TCR) on PET/CT was calculated. 11 C-ACE TCRs were compared with the World Health Organization grades and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 ( IDH1 ) mutation status. Grade 2 was considered low-grade tumor, and grades 3 and 4 were considered high-grade tumors. RESULTS The median 11 C-ACE TCR was significantly higher in IDH1 wild-type (wt) tumors (n = 91) than in IDH1 -mutant (mt) tumors (n = 91) (2.38 vs 1.30, P < 0.001). Of the 91 IDH1 -mt tumors, there were no differences in the median 11 C-ACE TCRs between oligodendrogliomas (ODs) and astrocytic tumors (1.40 vs 1.20, P > 0.05). In grading low- versus high-grade gliomas, the receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed a higher area under the curve (0.951) in IDH1 -wt tumors than in IDH1 -mt tumors (0.783, P = 0.002). Grade 2 ODs were well differentiated from high-grade gliomas. The 11 C-ACE TCR of grade 3 ODs was significantly lower than that of IDH1 -wt glioblastomas. CONCLUSIONS High 11 C-ACE uptake is associated with high-grade IDH1 -wt tumors, thus facilitating differentiation from high-grade IDH1-mt and low-grade gliomas. In particular, low 11 C-ACE uptake in ODs is advantageous in overcoming the limitation of radiolabeled amino acid tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ju Hyeon Yi
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | | | | | - Misu Lee
- Division of Life Science, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Se Hoon Kim
- Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Tsao CH, Jhou RH, Ke CC, Chang CW, Chang CW, Yang BH, Huang WS, Shih BF, Liu RS. Dual-tracer positron emission tomography/computed tomography as an imaging probe of de novo lipogenesis in preclinical models of hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1008200. [PMID: 36237546 PMCID: PMC9551611 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1008200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundDe novo lipogenesis is upregulated in many cancers, and targeting it represents a metabolic approach to cancer treatment. However, the treatment response is unpredictable because lipogenic activity varies greatly among individual tumors, thereby necessitating the assessment of lipogenic activity before treatment. Here, we proposed an imaging probe, positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with dual tracers combining 11C-acetate and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG), to assess the lipogenic activity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and predict the response to lipogenesis-targeted therapy.MethodsWe investigated the association between 11C-acetate/18F-FDG uptake and de novo lipogenesis in three HCC cell lines (from well-differentiated to poorly differentiated: HepG2, Hep3B, and SkHep1) by examining the expression of lipogenic enzymes: acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and ATP citrate lyase (ACLY). The glycolysis level was determined through glycolytic enzymes: pyruvate dehydrogenase expression (PDH). On the basis of the findings of dual-tracer PET/CT, we evaluated the treatment response to a lipase inhibitor (orlistat) in cell culture experiments and xenograft mice.ResultsDual-tracer PET/CT revealed the lipogenic activity of various HCC cells, which was positively associated with 11C-acetate uptake and negatively associated with 18F-FDG uptake. This finding represents the negative association between 11C-acetate and 18F-FDG uptake. Because these two tracers revealed the lipogenic and glycolytic activity, respectively, which implies an antagonism between lipogenic metabolism and glucose metabolism in HCC. In addition, dual-tracer PET/CT not only revealed the lipogenic activity but also predicted the treatment response to lipogenesis-targeted therapy. For example, HepG2 xenografts with high 11C-acetate but low 18F-FDG uptake exhibited high lipogenic activity and responded well to orlistat treatment, whereas SkHep1 xenografts with low 11C-acetate but high 18F-FDG uptake exhibited lower lipogenic activity and poor response to orlistat.ConclusionThe proposed non-invasive dual-tracer PET/CT imaging can reveal the lipogenesis and glycolysis status of HCC, thus providing an ideal imaging probe for predicting the therapeutic response of HCC to lipogenesis-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Ho Tsao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Hong Jhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and National PET/Cyclotron Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Ke
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chien-Chih Ke,
| | - Chun-Wei Chang
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wei Chang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and National PET/Cyclotron Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bang-Hung Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and National PET/Cyclotron Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sheng Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and National PET/Cyclotron Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Fu Shih
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Shyan Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and National PET/Cyclotron Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Molecular and Genetic Imaging Core, Animal Consortium, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ren-Shyan Liu,
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Yin X, Xu R, Song J, Ruze R, Chen Y, Wang C, Xu Q. Lipid metabolism in pancreatic cancer: emerging roles and potential targets. CANCER COMMUNICATIONS (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 42:1234-1256. [PMID: 36107801 PMCID: PMC9759769 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most serious health issues in developed and developing countries, with a 5-year overall survival rate currently <9%. Patients typically present with advanced disease due to vague symptoms or lack of screening for early cancer detection. Surgical resection represents the only chance for cure, but treatment options are limited for advanced diseases, such as distant metastatic or locally progressive tumors. Although adjuvant chemotherapy has improved long-term outcomes in advanced cancer patients, its response rate is low. So, exploring other new treatments is urgent. In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that lipid metabolism can support tumorigenesis and disease progression as well as treatment resistance through enhanced lipid synthesis, storage, and catabolism. Therefore, a better understanding of lipid metabolism networks may provide novel and promising strategies for early diagnosis, prognosis estimation, and targeted therapy for pancreatic cancer patients. In this review, we first enumerate and discuss current knowledge about the advances made in understanding the regulation of lipid metabolism in pancreatic cancer. In addition, we summarize preclinical studies and clinical trials with drugs targeting lipid metabolic systems in pancreatic cancer. Finally, we highlight the challenges and opportunities for targeting lipid metabolism pathways through precision therapies in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100023P. R China
| | - Ruiyuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100023P. R China
| | - Jianlu Song
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100023P. R China
| | - Rexiati Ruze
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100023P. R China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100023P. R China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100023P. R China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100023P. R China
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Kim SY, Kim D, Kim J, Ko HY, Kim WJ, Park Y, Lee HW, Han DH, Kim KS, Park S, Lee M, Yun M. Extracellular Citrate Treatment Induces HIF1α Degradation and Inhibits the Growth of Low-Glycolytic Hepatocellular Carcinoma under Hypoxia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143355. [PMID: 35884416 PMCID: PMC9315704 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Patients with low-glycolytic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) show better clinical outcomes than those with hypoxic and high-glycolytic HCC. Low-glycolytic HCCs seem to utilize carbon sources other than glucose for metabolic fuel and tumor growth. However, by increasing tumor size, its outgrowth perfusion generates hypoxic foci inside the tumor and becomes more aggressive and resistant to therapy. In this study, we found that SLC13A5/NaCT is an important solute carrier (SLC) in low-glycolytic HCCs. To adapt to hypoxic conditions, low-glycolytic cancer cells have to switch metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to hypoxia-induced glycolysis by the upregulation of HIF1α. However, extracellular citrate treatment in HCCs with high SLC13A5/NaCT expression had reduced glucose uptake due to HIF1α degradation, inducing the failure of metabolic adaptation to hypoxia, resulting in anti-cancer effects in in vitro and in vivo animal models. Abstract HCC is well known for low glycolysis in the tumors, whereas hypoxia induces glycolytic phenotype and tumor progression. This study was conducted to evaluate the expression of SLCs in human HCCs and investigated whether extracellular nutrient administration related to SLCs in low-glycolytic HCC can prevent hypoxic tumor progression. SLCs expression was screened according to the level of glycolysis in HCCs. Then, whether extracellular nutrient treatment can affect hypoxic tumor progression, as well as the mechanisms, were evaluated in an in vitro cell line and an in vivo animal model. Low-glycolytic HCCs showed high SLC13A5/NaCT and SLC16A1/MCT1 but low SLC2A1/GLUT1 and HIF1α/HIF1α expression. Especially, high SLC13A5 expression was significantly associated with good overall survival in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. In HepG2 cells with the highest NaCT expression, extracellular citrate treatment upon hypoxia induced HIF1α degradation, which led to reduced glycolysis and cellular proliferation. Finally, in HepG2-animal models, the citrate-treated group showed smaller tumor with less hypoxic areas than the vehicle-treated group. In patients with HCC, SLC13A5/NaCT is an important SLC, which is associated with low glycolysis and good prognosis. Extracellular citrate treatment induced the failure of metabolic adaptation to hypoxia and tumor growth inhibition, which can be a potential therapeutic strategy in HCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Yoo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (D.K.); (J.K.); (H.Y.K.); (Y.P.)
| | - Dongwoo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (D.K.); (J.K.); (H.Y.K.); (Y.P.)
| | - Jisu Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (D.K.); (J.K.); (H.Y.K.); (Y.P.)
| | - Hae Young Ko
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (D.K.); (J.K.); (H.Y.K.); (Y.P.)
| | - Won Jin Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea;
| | - Youngjoo Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (D.K.); (J.K.); (H.Y.K.); (Y.P.)
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Dai Hoon Han
- Department of Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (D.H.H.); (K.S.K.)
| | - Kyung Sik Kim
- Department of Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (D.H.H.); (K.S.K.)
| | - Sunghyouk Park
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, Natural Product Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Misu Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea;
- Institute for New Drug Development, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (M.Y.)
| | - Mijin Yun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (S.Y.K.); (D.K.); (J.K.); (H.Y.K.); (Y.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (M.Y.)
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Ling R, Chen G, Tang X, Liu N, Zhou Y, Chen D. Acetyl-CoA synthetase 2(ACSS2): a review with a focus on metabolism and tumor development. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:58. [PMID: 35798917 PMCID: PMC9263018 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2), an important member of the acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACSS) family, can catalyze the conversion of acetate to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA). Currently, acetyl-CoA is considered an important intermediate metabolite in the metabolism of energy substrates. In addition, nutrients converge through acetyl-CoA into a common metabolic pathway, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Not only does ACSS2 play a crucial role in material energy metabolism, it is also involved in the regulation of various acetylation processes, such as regulation of histone and transcription factor acetylation. ACSS2-mediated regulation of acetylation is related to substance metabolism and tumorigenesis. In mammalian cells, ACSS2 utilizes intracellular acetate to synthesize acetyl-CoA, a step in the process of DNA and histone acetylation. In addition, studies in tumors have shown that cancer cells adapt to the growth conditions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) by activating or increasing the expression level of ACSS2 under metabolic stress. Therefore, this review mainly outlines the role of ACSS2 in substance metabolism and tumors and provides insights useful for investigating ACSS2 as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ling
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Gong Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiang Tang
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Na Liu
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuepeng Zhou
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Deyu Chen
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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16
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Liu M, Liu N, Wang J, Fu S, Wang X, Chen D. Acetyl-CoA Synthetase 2 as a Therapeutic Target in Tumor Metabolism. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122896. [PMID: 35740562 PMCID: PMC9221533 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Acetyl-CoA Synthetase 2 (ACSS2) is highly expressed in a variety of tumors, which is very important for tumor growth, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in the nutritional stress microenvironment. Studies have proven that ACSS2 inhibitors can be effective in halting cancer growth and can be combined with other antineoplastic drugs to reduce drug resistance. This article mainly reviews the mechanism of ACSS2-promoting tumor growth from many aspects and the prospect of clinical application of targeted inhibitors. Abstract Acetyl-CoA Synthetase 2 (ACSS2) belongs to a member of the acyl-CoA short-chain synthase family, which can convert acetate in the cytoplasm and nucleus into acetyl-CoA. It has been proven that ACSS2 is highly expressed in glioblastoma, breast cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, renal cancer, and other tumors, and is closely related to tumor stage and the overall survival rate of patients. Accumulating studies show that hypoxia and a low serum level induce ACSS2 expression to help tumor cells cope with this nutrient-poor environment. The potential mechanisms are associated with the ability of ACSS2 to promote the synthesis of lipids in the cytoplasm, induce the acetylation of histones in the nucleus, and facilitate the expression of autophagy genes. Novel-specific inhibitors of ACSS2 are developed and confirmed to the effectiveness in pre-clinical tumor models. Targeting ACSS2 may provide novel approaches for tumor treatment. This review summarizes the biological function of ACSS2, its relation to survival and prognosis in different tumors, and how ACSS2 mediates different pathways to promote tumor metastasis, invasion, and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xu Wang
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (D.C.)
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17
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Kelly JM, Jeitner TM, Waterhouse NN, Qu W, Linstad EJ, Samani B, Williams C, Nikolopoulou A, Amor-Coarasa A, DiMagno SG, Babich JW. Synthesis and Evaluation of 11C-Labeled Triazolones as Probes for Imaging Fatty Acid Synthase Expression by Positron Emission Tomography. Molecules 2022; 27:1552. [PMID: 35268652 PMCID: PMC8911806 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells require lipids to fulfill energetic, proliferative, and signaling requirements. Even though these cells can take up exogenous fatty acids, the majority exhibit a dependency on de novo fatty acid synthesis. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is the rate-limiting enzyme in this process. Expression and activity of FASN is elevated in multiple cancers, where it correlates with disease progression and poor prognosis. These observations have sparked interest in developing methods of detecting FASN expression in vivo. One promising approach is the imaging of radiolabeled molecular probes targeting FASN by positron emission tomography (PET). However, although [11C]acetate uptake by prostate cancer cells correlates with FASN expression, no FASN-specific PET probes currently exist. Our aim was to synthesize and evaluate a series of small molecule triazolones based on GSK2194069, an FASN inhibitor with IC50 = 7.7 ± 4.1 nM, for PET imaging of FASN expression. These triazolones were labeled with carbon-11 in good yield and excellent radiochemical purity, and binding to FASN-positive LNCaP cells was significantly higher than FASN-negative PC3 cells. Despite these promising characteristics, however, these molecules exhibited poor in vivo pharmacokinetics and were predominantly retained in lymph nodes and the hepatobiliary system. Future studies will seek to identify structural modifications that improve tumor targeting while maintaining the excretion profile of these first-generation 11C-methyltriazolones.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Kelly
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; (T.M.J.); (C.W.J.); (A.N.); (A.A.-C.); (J.W.B.)
- Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; (N.N.W.); (W.Q.)
| | - Thomas M. Jeitner
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; (T.M.J.); (C.W.J.); (A.N.); (A.A.-C.); (J.W.B.)
| | - Nicole N. Waterhouse
- Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; (N.N.W.); (W.Q.)
| | - Wenchao Qu
- Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; (N.N.W.); (W.Q.)
| | - Ethan J. Linstad
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy and Chemistry, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (E.J.L.); (B.S.); (S.G.D.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Banafshe Samani
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy and Chemistry, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (E.J.L.); (B.S.); (S.G.D.)
| | - Clarence Williams
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; (T.M.J.); (C.W.J.); (A.N.); (A.A.-C.); (J.W.B.)
| | - Anastasia Nikolopoulou
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; (T.M.J.); (C.W.J.); (A.N.); (A.A.-C.); (J.W.B.)
- Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; (N.N.W.); (W.Q.)
| | - Alejandro Amor-Coarasa
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; (T.M.J.); (C.W.J.); (A.N.); (A.A.-C.); (J.W.B.)
| | - Stephen G. DiMagno
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy and Chemistry, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (E.J.L.); (B.S.); (S.G.D.)
| | - John W. Babich
- Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; (T.M.J.); (C.W.J.); (A.N.); (A.A.-C.); (J.W.B.)
- Citigroup Biomedical Imaging Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA; (N.N.W.); (W.Q.)
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
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An S, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Wang C, Shi L, Wei W, Huang G, Liu J. GPC3-targeted immunoPET imaging of hepatocellular carcinomas. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:2682-2692. [PMID: 35147737 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a clinical challenge. Glypican 3 (GPC3) is a proteoglycan highly specific for HCC and is a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for HCC. This work aims to develop GPC3-targeted immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) imaging strategies and to assess the diagnostic values in preclinical HCC models. METHODS Flow cytometry was used to screen GPC3-positive HCC cell lines. The expression of GPC3 in HCCs was detected by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarray. A novel GPC3-specific single domain antibody (sdAb) was produced and labeled with gallium-68 (68Ga, T1/2 = 1.1 h) and fluorine-18 (18F, T1/2 = 1.8 h) to develop radiotracers with different half-lives. The diagnostic efficacies of the developed probes (i.e., [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-G2, [18F]F-G2, and [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-ABDG2) were interrogated in preclinical HCC models bearing varying GPC3 levels. RESULTS GPC3 was strongly expressed on HCC cell lines and patients with poorly differentiated HCC. [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-G2 immunoPET imaging specifically delineated the subcutaneous HCC lesions, outperforming the traditional 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET and the nonspecific [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-NbGFP immunoPET. ImmunoPET imaging with [18F]F-G2 also efficiently diagnosed the tumors with clarity. Moreover, the fusion of G2 to an albumin-binding domain (ABD) significantly increased the tumor uptake and decreased kidney accumulation of the radiotracer when compared to [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-G2. CONCLUSIONS In the work, we successfully developed sdAb-derived GPC3-targeted immunoPET imaging strategies and characterized the superior diagnostic accuracies in preclinical HCC models. Furthermore, we synthesized a fusion protein ABDG2 with improved targeting and pharmacokinetic properties, serving as a promising candidate for developing radioimmunotherapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian An
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - You Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Rd, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1630 Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Peng D, He J, Liu H, Cao J, Wang Y, Chen Y. FAPI PET/CT research progress in digestive system tumours. Dig Liver Dis 2022; 54:164-169. [PMID: 34364808 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography has been used in clinical practice for many years. This modality is of great value for tumour diagnosis, staging, and efficacy evaluations, but it has many limitations in the diagnosis and treatment of digestive system tumours. Fibroblast activation protein is highly expressed in gastrointestinal tumours. Various isotope-labelled fibroblast activation protein inhibitors are widely used in clinical research. These inhibitors have low background uptake in the brain, liver and oral/pharyngeal mucosa and show good contrast between the tumour and background, which makes up for the lack of fluorodeoxyglucose in the diagnosis of digestive system tumours. It better displays the primary tumours, metastases and regional lymph nodes of digestive system tumours, such as oesophageal cancer, gastric cancer and liver cancer, and also provides a new method for treating these tumours. Based on this background, this article introduces the current research status of fibroblast activation protein inhibitor positron emission tomography/computed tomography in various types of digestive system malignant tumours to provide more valuable information for diagnosing and treating digestive system tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengsai Peng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No 25 TaiPing St, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, 646000, PR China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China
| | - Hanxiang Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No 25 TaiPing St, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, 646000, PR China
| | - Jianpeng Cao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No 25 TaiPing St, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, 646000, PR China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No 25 TaiPing St, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, 646000, PR China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No 25 TaiPing St, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China; Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, PR China; Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, 646000, PR China.
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20
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Ho CL, Chen S. Oncology: Hepatic cancer. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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21
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Association of circulating short chain fatty acid levels with colorectal adenomas and colorectal cancer. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 46:297-304. [PMID: 34857211 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.09.740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Short chain fatty acid (SCFAs) are bacterially derived metabolites suggested to have protective roles against colorectal cancer (CRC) development. However, there is sparse evidence from epidemiological studies in this context. Here, we assessed whether circulating SCFA concentrations varied in patients with colorectal adenomas (CRA) and CRC. METHODS Levels of seven SCFAs were extracted from plasma samples and determined by gas chromatography for 213 individuals from Ireland and the Czech Republic (CRC, n = 84; CRA, n = 66; controls, n = 63). RESULTS In the Irish CRA/CRC cohort, only levels of 2-MethylButyric acid were significantly higher in cancers compared to the adenoma and control groups (p-values = 0.016 and 0.043). Using regression analysis, we observed that levels of Acetic and Propionic acid were associated with an increased CRC risk in the Czech cohort (Odd Ratio (OR): 1.02; 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.00-1.03; OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.05-1.59, respectively), while i-Valeric and Valeric acid levels were associated with a decreased cancer risk (OR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.86-0.99; OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.44-1.00). In the Irish cohort, levels of SCFAs were not associated with CRC risk. CONCLUSIONS The association with colorectal neoplasia varied between the studied SCFAs. Future studies need to confirm these findings and address the mechanism of how these acids may promote or prevent colorectal carcinogenesis.
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22
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Wang X, Tang W, Lu Y, You J, Han Y, Zheng Y. Prognostic Significance of Alternative Splicing Genes in Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Endocervical Adenocarcinoma. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:7933-7949. [PMID: 34785939 PMCID: PMC8590485 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s335475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alternative splicing (AS) acts on many tumors and its relationship with cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC) needs to be researched. Methods RNA sequencing data and clinical information of CESC cohorts were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and SpliceSeq was used to analyze the splicing profile of mRNA in CESC. UpSetR displayed the intersections among AS events and univariate analysis chose survival-associated AS and splicing factor (SF) genes. Functional analysis was operated on Enrichr, STRING database and MCODE analysis were used to evaluate protein-protein interaction (PPI) information. LASSO and multivariate analysis constructed prognostic model and risk analysis of tumor infiltrating immune cells was also conducted. Results A total of 402 AS-generated genes were found to be associated with CESC prognosis. Functional analysis showed that Golgi to lysosome transport was enriched. PPI network suggested that UBA52 was most functional. Dendritic cells activated, dendritic cells resting, macrophages M0, mast cells resting, T cells CD4 memory activated and T cells CD8 were most correlative with the risk score. Conclusion SFs and AS events can directly or indirectly affect the prognosis of CESC patients and this study identified SNRPA and CELF2 as two CESC-engaged SFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Weichun Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun You
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, People's Republic of China
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Rodríguez-Enríquez S, Robledo-Cadena DX, Gallardo-Pérez JC, Pacheco-Velázquez SC, Vázquez C, Saavedra E, Vargas-Navarro JL, Blanco-Carpintero BA, Marín-Hernández Á, Jasso-Chávez R, Encalada R, Ruiz-Godoy L, Aguilar-Ponce JL, Moreno-Sánchez R. Acetate Promotes a Differential Energy Metabolic Response in Human HCT 116 and COLO 205 Colon Cancer Cells Impacting Cancer Cell Growth and Invasiveness. Front Oncol 2021; 11:697408. [PMID: 34414111 PMCID: PMC8370060 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.697408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Under dysbiosis, a gut metabolic disorder, short-chain carboxylic acids (SCCAs) are secreted to the lumen, affecting colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Butyrate and propionate act as CRC growth inhibitors, but they might also serve as carbon source. In turn, the roles of acetate as metabolic fuel and protein acetylation promoter have not been clearly elucidated. To assess whether acetate favors CRC growth through active mitochondrial catabolism, a systematic study evaluating acetate thiokinase (AcK), energy metabolism, cell proliferation, and invasiveness was performed in two CRC cell lines incubated with physiological SCCAs concentrations. In COLO 205, acetate (+glucose) increased the cell density (50%), mitochondrial protein content (3–10 times), 2-OGDH acetylation, and oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) flux (36%), whereas glycolysis remained unchanged vs. glucose-cultured cells; the acetate-induced OxPhos activation correlated with a high AcK activity, content, and acetylation (1.5–6-fold). In contrast, acetate showed no effect on HCT116 cell growth, OxPhos, AcK activity, protein content, and acetylation. However, a substantial increment in the HIF-1α content, HIF-1α-glycolytic protein targets (1–2.3 times), and glycolytic flux (64%) was observed. Butyrate and propionate decreased the growth of both CRC cells by impairing OxPhos flux through mitophagy and mitochondrial fragmentation activation. It is described, for the first time, the role of acetate as metabolic fuel for ATP supply in CRC COLO 205 cells to sustain proliferation, aside from its well-known role as protein epigenetic regulator. The level of AcK determined in COLO 205 cells was similar to that found in human CRC biopsies, showing its potential role as metabolic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Citlali Vázquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, México, Mexico
| | - Emma Saavedra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, México, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Rusely Encalada
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, México, Mexico
| | - Luz Ruiz-Godoy
- Banco de Tumores, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México, Mexico
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Yoo SW, Kim DY, Pyo A, Jeon S, Kim J, Kang SR, Cho SG, Lee C, Kim GJ, Song HC, Bom HS, Min JJ, Kwon SY. Differences in diagnostic impact of dual-tracer PET/computed tomography according to the extrahepatic metastatic site in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Nucl Med Commun 2021; 42:685-693. [PMID: 33625183 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We compared the diagnostic performance of C-11 acetate and F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/computed tomography (CT) for the detection of extrahepatic metastasis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and evaluated whether the improvement in the diagnostic performance of dual tracer PET/CT differs by the metastatic site. METHODS Fifty-eight patients who had extrahepatic metastasis on either C-11 acetate or F-18 FDG PET/CT were enrolled, and 193 metastatic lesions were analyzed in this retrospective study. The metastatic lesions were categorized based on six sites of involvement. According to each involved site, the tracer avidity of the metastatic lesions was compared using the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax). RESULTS Bone was the most frequent categorized metastatic site (44.8%), followed by lymph node (39.7%), lung (34.5%), soft tissue (27.6%), adrenal gland (6.9%), and vascular category (3.4%). C-11 acetate PET/CT showed a higher SUVmax than F-18 FDG PET/CT in metastatic bone lesions (P = 0.003). F-18 FDG uptake was significantly higher than C-11 acetate uptake in metastatic lymph node lesions (P < 0.001). The detection rate of dual tracer PET/CT was significantly higher in the metastatic lung (93.6%) and soft tissue (100%) lesions. However, the diagnostic performance of dual tracer PET/CT was limited in the metastatic bone and lymph node lesions because each tracer's detection rate was very high (bone: 94.6% in C-11 acetate, lymph node: 94.1% in F-18 FDG). CONCLUSIONS The tracer avidity of metastatic lesions differed according to the involved site. This difference affected the complementary role of dual tracer PET/CT in the diagnosis of extrahepatic metastases in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Woong Yoo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam
| | - Dong-Yeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju
| | - Ayoung Pyo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam
| | - Subin Jeon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam
| | - Jahae Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeonnam
| | - Sae-Ryung Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam
| | - Sang-Geon Cho
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju
| | - Changho Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeonnam
| | - Geun-Joong Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Center of Ecomimetics, Chonnam National University College of Natural Sciences, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Chun Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeonnam
| | - Hee-Seung Bom
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeonnam
| | - Jung-Joon Min
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeonnam
| | - Seong Young Kwon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeonnam
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Liu P, Wang Y, Yang G, Zhang Q, Meng L, Xin Y, Jiang X. The role of short-chain fatty acids in intestinal barrier function, inflammation, oxidative stress, and colonic carcinogenesis. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105420. [PMID: 33434620 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mainly including acetate, propionate, and butyrate, are metabolites produced during the bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber in the intestinal tract. They are believed to be essential factors affecting host health. Most in vitro and ex vivo studies have shown that SCFAs affect the regulation of inflammation, carcinogenesis, intestinal barrier function, and oxidative stress, but convincing evidence in humans is still lacking. Two major SCFA signaling mechanisms have been identified: promotion of histone acetylation and activation of G-protein-coupled receptors. In this review, we introduce the production and metabolic characteristics of SCFAs, summarize the potential effects of SCFAs on the four aspects mentioned above and the possible mechanisms. SCFAs have been reported to exert a wide spectrum of positive effects and have a high potential for therapeutic use in human-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinyi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yanbing Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China.
| | - Ge Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Qihe Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Lingbin Meng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Moffett JR, Puthillathu N, Vengilote R, Jaworski DM, Namboodiri AM. Acetate Revisited: A Key Biomolecule at the Nexus of Metabolism, Epigenetics, and Oncogenesis - Part 2: Acetate and ACSS2 in Health and Disease. Front Physiol 2020; 11:580171. [PMID: 33304273 PMCID: PMC7693462 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.580171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetate, the shortest chain fatty acid, has been implicated in providing health benefits whether it is derived from the diet or is generated from microbial fermentation of fiber in the gut. These health benefits range widely from improved cardiac function to enhanced red blood cell generation and memory formation. Understanding how acetate could influence so many disparate biological functions is now an area of intensive research. Protein acetylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications and increased systemic acetate strongly drives protein acetylation. By virtue of acetylation impacting the activity of virtually every class of protein, acetate driven alterations in signaling and gene transcription have been associated with several common human diseases, including cancer. In part 2 of this review, we will focus on some of the roles that acetate plays in health and human disease. The acetate-activating enzyme acyl-CoA short-chain synthetase family member 2 (ACSS2) will be a major part of that focus due to its role in targeted protein acetylation reactions that can regulate central metabolism and stress responses. ACSS2 is the only known enzyme that can recycle acetate derived from deacetylation reactions in the cytoplasm and nucleus of cells, including both protein and metabolite deacetylation reactions. As such, ACSS2 can recycle acetate derived from histone deacetylase reactions as well as protein deacetylation reactions mediated by sirtuins, among many others. Notably, ACSS2 can activate acetate released from acetylated metabolites including N-acetylaspartate (NAA), the most concentrated acetylated metabolite in the human brain. NAA has been associated with the metabolic reprograming of cancer cells, where ACSS2 also plays a role. Here, we discuss the context-specific roles that acetate can play in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Moffett
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, and Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Narayanan Puthillathu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, and Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ranjini Vengilote
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, and Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Diane M. Jaworski
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Aryan M. Namboodiri
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, and Neuroscience Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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27
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Alannan M, Fayyad-Kazan H, Trézéguet V, Merched A. Targeting Lipid Metabolism in Liver Cancer. Biochemistry 2020; 59:3951-3964. [PMID: 32930581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells are highly dependent on different metabolic pathways for sustaining their survival, growth, and proliferation. Lipid metabolism not only provides the energetic needs of the cells but also provides the raw material for cellular growth and the signaling molecules for many oncogenic pathways. Mainly processed in the liver, lipids play an essential role in the physiology of this organ and in the pathological progression of many diseases such as metabolic syndrome and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The progression of HCC is associated with inflammation and complex metabolic reprogramming, and its prognosis remains poor because of the lack of effective therapies despite many years of dedicated research. Defects in hepatic lipid metabolism induce abnormal gene expression and rewire many cellular pathways involved in oncogenesis and metastasis, implying that interfering with lipid metabolism within the tumor and the surrounding microenvironment may be a novel therapeutic approach for treating liver cancer patients. Therefore, this review focuses on the latest advances in drugs targeting lipid metabolism and leading to promising outcomes in preclinical studies and some ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak Alannan
- miRCaDe team, Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BMGIC, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.,Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Rafik Hariri Campus, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Hussein Fayyad-Kazan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Véronique Trézéguet
- miRCaDe team, Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BMGIC, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Aksam Merched
- miRCaDe team, Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, BMGIC, U1035, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
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28
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Acetyl-CoA synthetase 3 promotes bladder cancer cell growth under metabolic stress. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:46. [PMID: 32398651 PMCID: PMC7217873 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-0230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells adapt to nutrient-deprived tumor microenvironment during progression via regulating the level and function of metabolic enzymes. Acetyl-coenzyme A (AcCoA) is a key metabolic intermediate that is crucial for cancer cell metabolism, especially under metabolic stress. It is of special significance to decipher the role acetyl-CoA synthetase short chain family (ACSS) in cancer cells confronting metabolic stress. Here we analyzed the generation of lipogenic AcCoA in bladder cancer cells under metabolic stress and found that in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) cells, the proportion of lipogenic AcCoA generated from glucose were largely reduced under metabolic stress. Our results revealed that ACSS3 was responsible for lipogenic AcCoA synthesis in BLCA cells under metabolic stress. Interestingly, we found that ACSS3 was required for acetate utilization and histone acetylation. Moreover, our data illustrated that ACSS3 promoted BLCA cell growth. In addition, through analyzing clinical samples, we found that both mRNA and protein levels of ACSS3 were dramatically upregulated in BLCA samples in comparison with adjacent controls and BLCA patients with lower ACSS3 expression were entitled with longer overall survival. Our data revealed an oncogenic role of ACSS3 via regulating AcCoA generation in BLCA and provided a promising target in metabolic pathway for BLCA treatment.
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29
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30
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Micro-PET imaging of [18F]fluoroacetate combined with [18F]FDG to differentiate chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection from an acute bacterial infection in a mouse model: a preliminary study. Nucl Med Commun 2019; 40:639-644. [PMID: 30932968 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) infection is one of the deadliest infectious diseases worldwide and is responsible for 1.7 million deaths per year. The increase in multidrug-resistant TB poses formidable challenges to the global control of tuberculosis. TB infection could easily yield false-positive results in fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose ([F]FDG) PET imaging for cancer detection because of its high [F]FDG uptake. We describe the combined [F]FDG PET with fluorine-18-fluoroacetate ([F]FAC), a promising analog of carbon-11-acetate, for targeting glycolysis and de novo lipogenesis, respectively, to determine the metabolic differences between chronic TB infection and acute infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six-month-old BALB/c mice were inoculated with Mycobacterium bovis to induce chronic TB infection, and Escherichia coli as well as Staphylococcus aureus to induce acute infection for an in-vivo imaging study. Eighteen days after inoculation for chronic TB infection and 5 days for acute infection, both [F]FDG and [F]FAC micro-PET were performed on the infected mice. Analysis of variance and the Tukey honest ad-hoc test were carried out to determine differences among treatment with different bacterial infections. RESULTS TB infection showed much lower [F] FAC accumulation than acute infection. However, both TB infection and acute infection exhibited high [F]FAC accumulation. CONCLUSION The marked metabolic differences in de novo lipogenesis and glycolysis in [F]FDG and [F]FAC uptakes in micro-PET imaging, respectively, help to differentiate chronic TB infection from acute infection.
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Park S, Kim TS, Kang SH, Kim HB, Park JW, Kim SK. 11C-acetate and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography dual imaging for the prediction of response and prognosis after transarterial chemoembolization. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12311. [PMID: 30212970 PMCID: PMC6156070 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical significance of dual radiotracer studies, C-acetate and F-fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT), for the prediction of response and recurrence after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).This study retrospectively included a total 42 hepatoceullar carcinoma (HCC) patients (median age, 59; range, 34-85 years old) who underwent C-acetate and F-FDG PET/CT concurrently. Tumor uptake normalized by liver uptake (TNR; maximum tumor SUV to mean normal liver SUV ratio) was obtained first. Then, FAratio, which is the ratio of F-FDG TNR (TNR_FDG) to C-acetate TNR, was obtained and correlated with response after TACE and recurrence-free survival (RFS), using a Cox multivariate proportional-hazard model.Among clinical factors, including the Hepatoma Arterial Embolization Prognostic score and positron emission tomography (PET) parameters, multiple regression analysis revealed FAratio and tumor size to be the only significant factors. As a PET parameter, FAratio exhibited the largest area under the curve in the prediction of response after TACE. In the Cox multivariate proportional-hazard model, TNR_FDG was the only significant predictive factor for RFS. In subgroup analysis, TNR_FDG was the only significant predictive factor for recurrence in intermediate stage patients. However, FAratio was the only significant predictive factor for recurrence in advanced stage patients.Dual radiotracer use of C-acetate and F-FDG PET/CT contributed to the prediction of response and recurrence after TACE. Used in addition to F-FDG, C-acetate PET/CT could give additional information in advanced stage patients. Based on the characteristics of tumor metabolism assessed by dual radiotracer PET/CT, treatment plans could be more personalized and optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hyun Beom Kim
- Center for Liver Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Joong-Won Park
- Center for Liver Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Seok-ki Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- Molecular Imaging Branch
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32
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Giesel FL, Kratochwil C, Lindner T, Marschalek MM, Loktev A, Lehnert W, Debus J, Jäger D, Flechsig P, Altmann A, Mier W, Haberkorn U. 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT: Biodistribution and Preliminary Dosimetry Estimate of 2 DOTA-Containing FAP-Targeting Agents in Patients with Various Cancers. J Nucl Med 2018; 60:386-392. [PMID: 30072500 PMCID: PMC6424229 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.215913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is overexpressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts of several tumor entities. The recent development of quinoline-based PET tracers that act as FAP inhibitors (FAPIs) demonstrated promising results preclinically and already in a few clinical cases. Consequently, these tracers are now applied in our hospital to amend the diagnostics of cancer patients facing the limitations of standard examinations. Here, we analyze the tissue biodistribution and preliminary dosimetry of 2 members of this new class of PET radiopharmaceutical. Methods: A preliminary dosimetry estimate for 68Ga-FAPI-2 and 68Ga-FAPI-4 was based on 2 patients examined at 0.2, 1, and 3 h after tracer injection using the QDOSE dosimetry software suit. Further PET/CT scans of tumor patients were acquired 1 h after injection of either 68Ga-FAPI-2 (n = 25) or 68Ga-FAPI-4 (n = 25); for 6 patients an intraindividual related 18F-FDG scan (also acquired 1 h after injection) was available. For the normal tissue of 16 organs, a 2-cm spheric volume of interest was placed in the parenchyma; for tumor lesions, a threshold-segmented volume of interest was used to quantify SUVmean and SUVmax Results: Similar to literature values for 18F-FDG, 68Ga-DOTATATE, and 68Ga-PSMA-11, an examination with 200 MBq of 68Ga-FAPI-2 or 68Ga-FAPI-4 corresponds to an equivalent dose of approximately 3-4 mSv. After a fast clearance via the kidneys, the normal organs showed a low tracer uptake with only minimal changes between 10 min and 3 h after injection. In 68Ga-FAPI-2, the tumor uptake from 1 to 3 h after injection decreased by 75%, whereas the tumor retention was prolonged with 68Ga-FAPI-4 (25% washout). Regarding tumor-to-background ratios, at 1 h after injection both 68Ga-FAPI tracers performed equally. In comparison to 18F-FDG, the tumor uptake was almost equal (average SUVmax, 7.41 for 18F-FDG and 7.37 for 68Ga-FAPI-2; not statistically significant); the background uptake in brain (11.01 vs. 0.32), liver (2.77 vs. 1.69), and oral/pharyngeal mucosa (4.88 vs. 2.57) was significantly lower with 68Ga-FAPI. Other organs did not relevantly differ between 18F-FDG and 68Ga-FAPI. Conclusion: FAPI PET/CT is a new diagnostic method in imaging cancer patients. In contrast to 18F-FDG, no diet or fasting in preparation for the examination is necessary, and image acquisition can potentially be started a few minutes after tracer application. Tumor-to-background contrast ratios were equal to or even better than those of 18F-FDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik L Giesel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg Germany
| | - Clemens Kratochwil
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg Germany
| | - Thomas Lindner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg Germany
| | - Manfred M Marschalek
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg Germany
| | - Anastasia Loktev
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg Germany
| | - Wencke Lehnert
- ABX-CRO Advanced Pharmaceutical Services Forschungsgesellschaft m.b.H, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Jäger
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Flechsig
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg Germany
| | - Annette Altmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg Germany
| | - Walter Mier
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg Germany
| | - Uwe Haberkorn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg Germany .,Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; and.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany
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Cheng C, Geng F, Cheng X, Guo D. Lipid metabolism reprogramming and its potential targets in cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2018; 38:27. [PMID: 29784041 PMCID: PMC5993136 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-018-0301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of lipid metabolism is a newly recognized hallmark of malignancy. Increased lipid uptake, storage and lipogenesis occur in a variety of cancers and contribute to rapid tumor growth. Lipids constitute the basic structure of membranes and also function as signaling molecules and energy sources. Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), a family of membrane-bound transcription factors in the endoplasmic reticulum, play a central role in the regulation of lipid metabolism. Recent studies have revealed that SREBPs are highly up-regulated in various cancers and promote tumor growth. SREBP cleavage-activating protein is a key transporter in the trafficking and activation of SREBPs as well as a critical glucose sensor, thus linking glucose metabolism and de novo lipid synthesis. Targeting altered lipid metabolic pathways has become a promising anti-cancer strategy. This review summarizes recent progress in our understanding of lipid metabolism regulation in malignancy, and highlights potential molecular targets and their inhibitors for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunming Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Feng Geng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Xiang Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Deliang Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Chang WC, Cheng WC, Cheng BH, Chen L, Ju LJ, Ou YJ, Jeng LB, Yang MD, Hung YC, Ma WL. Mitochondrial Acetyl-CoA Synthetase 3 is Biosignature of Gastric Cancer Progression. Cancer Med 2018; 7:1240-1252. [PMID: 29493120 PMCID: PMC5911630 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol affects cancer progression, and acetyl‐CoA is the primary cholesterogenesis substrate. The previous work has defined cholesterol bioflux via lipoprotein/receptor route is the gastric cancer (GCa) prognosis biosignature. The prognosis importance of acetyl‐CoA to cholesterogenesis (mevalonate pathway) in GCa is yet to be defined. Using Kaplan–Meier Plotter web‐based gene survival analyzer and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)‐database analyzed with DBdriver.v2 platform, we revealed acetyl‐CoA production and the mevalonate pathway are associated with GCa prognosis. We found mitochondrial‐derived acetyl‐CoA contributing enzymes (acyl‐coA synthetase super‐family 3; ACSS3) is the GCa progression confounder. Interestingly, it is not HMGCR (the committee enzyme of mevalonate pathway), but lower mevalonate pathway enzymes (e.g., MVK, LSS, DHCR14A1, SC4MOL, HSD17B7, SC5D) promote GCa patients 5‐years overall survival in a differential level. Advanced analyses found ACSS3 is prognosis biosignatures for multiple GCa disease conditions. This report uncovered a higher expression of ACSS3 in tumor comparing to normal parental lesions, which implicates a targeting value for GCa therapy. While knockdown ACSS3 could suppress growth and invasion of GCa cells, of which even more impactful under starvation condition. This is the first report, surprisingly, revealed ACSS3 as important cancer prognosis biomarker. Targeting ACSS3 could be a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer, in this case, GCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Chang
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Center for Tumor Medical Science, Taichung, 40403, Taiwan.,Department of Gastroenterology, China Medical University/Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40403, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, China Medical University/Hospital, China Medical University Taichung, Taichung, 40403, Taiwan.,Graduate Institution of Clinical Medical Science, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, and Graduate Institution of Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40403, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Cheng
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Center for Tumor Medical Science, Taichung, 40403, Taiwan.,Department of Gastroenterology, China Medical University/Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40403, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, China Medical University/Hospital, China Medical University Taichung, Taichung, 40403, Taiwan.,Graduate Institution of Clinical Medical Science, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, and Graduate Institution of Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40403, Taiwan
| | - Bi-Hua Cheng
- Department of OBs & GYN, Chia-Yi Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Lumin Chen
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Center for Tumor Medical Science, Taichung, 40403, Taiwan.,Department of Gastroenterology, China Medical University/Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40403, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, China Medical University/Hospital, China Medical University Taichung, Taichung, 40403, Taiwan.,Department of OBs & GYN, BenQ Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215004, China
| | - Li-Jing Ju
- Department of OBs & GYN, Chia-Yi Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jer Ou
- Department of OBs & GYN, Chia-Yi Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.,Department of OBs & GYN, Kaohsiung Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Long-Bin Jeng
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Center for Tumor Medical Science, Taichung, 40403, Taiwan.,Department of Gastroenterology, China Medical University/Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40403, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, China Medical University/Hospital, China Medical University Taichung, Taichung, 40403, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Due Yang
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Center for Tumor Medical Science, Taichung, 40403, Taiwan.,Department of Gastroenterology, China Medical University/Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40403, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, China Medical University/Hospital, China Medical University Taichung, Taichung, 40403, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ching Hung
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Center for Tumor Medical Science, Taichung, 40403, Taiwan.,Department of Gastroenterology, China Medical University/Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40403, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, China Medical University/Hospital, China Medical University Taichung, Taichung, 40403, Taiwan.,Graduate Institution of Clinical Medical Science, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, and Graduate Institution of Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40403, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lung Ma
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Center for Tumor Medical Science, Taichung, 40403, Taiwan.,Department of Gastroenterology, China Medical University/Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 40403, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, China Medical University/Hospital, China Medical University Taichung, Taichung, 40403, Taiwan.,Graduate Institution of Clinical Medical Science, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, and Graduate Institution of Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40403, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan
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Zhang J, Baddoo M, Han C, Strong MJ, Cvitanovic J, Moroz K, Dash S, Flemington EK, Wu T. Gene network analysis reveals a novel 22-gene signature of carbon metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:49232-49245. [PMID: 27363021 PMCID: PMC5226503 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although much progress has been made in understanding cancer cellular metabolism adaptation, the co-regulations between genes of metabolism and cancer pathways and their interactions remain poorly characterized. Here, we applied gene co-expression network analysis to 1509 metabolic gene expression data generated from 120 HCC and 180 non-tumor human liver tissues by microarray. Our analyses reveal that metabolism genes can be classified into different co-expression modules based on their associations with HCC related traits. The co-regulation mechanism of the carbon metabolism genes in normal liver tissues was interrupted during the processes of carcinogenesis. In parallel, we performed RNAseq analysis of HCC and non-tumor human liver tissues, and identified a unique 22-carbon-metabolism-gene-signature of increased expression. This gene signature was further verified in multiple microarray data sets, and its prognostic value was also proven by HCC patients' survival data from TCGA. Additionally, the tumorigenic function of two representative genes, CS and ACSS1, were validated experimentally by cell growth and spheroid formation assays. The current study provides evidence for the reprogramming of the co-regulation network between carbon metabolism and cancer pathway genes in HCC. In addition, this study also reveals a unique 22-carbon-metabolism-gene-expression-signature in HCC. Strategies targeting these genes may represent new therapeutic approaches for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiang Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Melody Baddoo
- Bioinformatics Core, Tulane Health Sciences Center and Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Chang Han
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Michael J Strong
- Bioinformatics Core, Tulane Health Sciences Center and Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jennifer Cvitanovic
- Biospecimen Core, Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Krzysztof Moroz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Biospecimen Core, Louisiana Cancer Research Consortium, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Srikanta Dash
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Erik K Flemington
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Bioinformatics Core, Tulane Health Sciences Center and Tulane Cancer Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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36
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Zhao S, Torres A, Henry RA, Trefely S, Wallace M, Lee JV, Carrer A, Sengupta A, Campbell SL, Kuo YM, Frey AJ, Meurs N, Viola JM, Blair IA, Weljie AM, Metallo CM, Snyder NW, Andrews AJ, Wellen KE. ATP-Citrate Lyase Controls a Glucose-to-Acetate Metabolic Switch. Cell Rep 2017; 17:1037-1052. [PMID: 27760311 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of metabolic flexibility enable cells to survive under stressful conditions and can thwart therapeutic responses. Acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) plays central roles in energy production, lipid metabolism, and epigenomic modifications. Here, we show that, upon genetic deletion of Acly, the gene coding for ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), cells remain viable and proliferate, although at an impaired rate. In the absence of ACLY, cells upregulate ACSS2 and utilize exogenous acetate to provide acetyl-CoA for de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and histone acetylation. A physiological level of acetate is sufficient for cell viability and abundant acetyl-CoA production, although histone acetylation levels remain low in ACLY-deficient cells unless supplemented with high levels of acetate. ACLY-deficient adipocytes accumulate lipid in vivo, exhibit increased acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA production from acetate, and display some differences in fatty acid content and synthesis. Together, these data indicate that engagement of acetate metabolism is a crucial, although partial, mechanism of compensation for ACLY deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - AnnMarie Torres
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ryan A Henry
- Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Sophie Trefely
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Martina Wallace
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joyce V Lee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alessandro Carrer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Arjun Sengupta
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sydney L Campbell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yin-Ming Kuo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Alexander J Frey
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Noah Meurs
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - John M Viola
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ian A Blair
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aalim M Weljie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew J Andrews
- Department of Cancer Biology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Kathryn E Wellen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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37
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Possible involvement of ACSS2 gene in alcoholism. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 124:1151-1158. [PMID: 28550509 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1737-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholism is a psychiatric disorder that composes one of the principal causes of health disabilities in the world population. Furthermore, the available pharmacotherapy is limited. Therefore, this research was carried out to better understand the basis of the underlying neurobiological processes of this disorder and to discover potential therapeutic targets. Real-time PCR analysis was performed in the amygdala nuclei region of the brain of mice exposed to a chronic three-bottle free-choice model (water, 5 and 10% v/v ethanol). Based on individual ethanol intake, the mice were classified into three groups: "compulsive-like" (i.e., ethanol intake not affected by quinine adulteration), "ethanol-preferring" and "ethanol non-preferring". A fourth group had access only to tap water (control group). The candidate gene ACSS2 was genotyped in human alcoholics by real-time polymerase chain reaction using the markers rs6088638 and rs7266550. Seven genes were picked out (Acss2, Acss3, Acat1, Acsl1, Acaa2, Hadh, and Hadhb) and the mRNA level of the Acss2 gene was increased only in the "compulsive-like" group (p = 0.004). The allele frequency of rs6088638 for the gene ACSS2 was higher in the Alcoholic human group (p = 0.03), although sample size was very small. The gene ACSS2 is associated with alcoholism, suggesting that biochemical pathways where it participates may have a role in the biological mechanisms susceptible to the ethanol effects.
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38
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Xu H, Luo J, Ma G, Zhang X, Yao D, Li M, Loor JJ. Acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2 (ACSS2) is regulated by SREBP-1 and plays a role in fatty acid synthesis in caprine mammary epithelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:1005-1016. [PMID: 28407230 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) is well-known as the master regulator of lipogenesis in rodents. Acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 2 (ACSS2) plays a key role in lipogenesis by synthesizing acetyl-CoA from acetate for lipogenesis. ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) catalyzes the conversion of citrate and coenzyme A to acetyl-CoA, hence, it is also important for lipogenesis. Although ACSS2 function in cancer cells has been elucidated, its essentiality in ruminant mammary lipogenesis is unknown. Furthermore, ACSS2 gene promoter and its regulatory mechanisms have not known. Expression of ACSS2 was high in lipid synthesizing tissues, and its expression increased during lactation compared with non-lactating period. Simultaneous knockdown of both ACSS2 and ACLY by siRNA in primary goat mammary epithelial cells decreased (p < 0.05) the mRNA abundance of genes associated with de novo fatty acid synthesis (FASN, ACACA, SCD1) and triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis (DGAT1, DGAT2, GPAM, and AGPAT6). Genes responsible for lipid droplet formation and secretion (PLIN2 and PLIN3) and fatty acid oxidation (ATGL, HSL, ACOX, and CPT1A) all decreased (p < 0.05) after ACSS2 and ACLY knockdown. Total cellular TAG content and lipid droplet formation also decreased. Use of a luciferase reporter assay revealed a direct regulation of ACSS2 by SREBP-1. Furthermore, SREBP-1 interacted with an SRE (SREBP response element) spanning at -475 to -483 bp on the ACSS2 promoter. Taken together, our results revealed a novel pathway that SREBP-1 may regulate fatty acid and TAG synthesis by regulating the expression of ACSS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifen Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Jun Luo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Gongzhen Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Yao
- Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
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39
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Clark PM, Ebiana VA, Gosa L, Cloughesy TF, Nathanson DA. Harnessing Preclinical Molecular Imaging to Inform Advances in Personalized Cancer Medicine. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:689-696. [PMID: 28385796 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.181693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive molecular analysis of individual tumors provides great potential for personalized cancer therapy. However, the presence of a particular genetic alteration is often insufficient to predict therapeutic efficacy. Drugs with distinct mechanisms of action can affect the biology of tumors in specific and unique ways. Therefore, assays that can measure drug-induced perturbations of defined functional tumor properties can be highly complementary to genomic analysis. PET provides the capacity to noninvasively measure the dynamics of various tumor biologic processes in vivo. Here, we review the underlying biochemical and biologic basis for a variety of PET tracers and how they may be used to better optimize cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Clark
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.,Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Victoria A Ebiana
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Laura Gosa
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.,Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Timothy F Cloughesy
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - David A Nathanson
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California .,Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
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40
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Jeon JY, Lee M, Whang SH, Kim JW, Cho A, Yun M. Regulation of Acetate Utilization by Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 (MCT1) in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Oncol Res 2017; 26:71-81. [PMID: 28390113 PMCID: PMC7844556 DOI: 10.3727/096504017x14902648894463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered energy metabolism is a biochemical fingerprint of cancer cells. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) shows reciprocal [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and [11C]acetate uptake, as revealed by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Previous studies have focused on the role of FDG uptake in cancer cells. In this study, we evaluated the mechanism and roles of [11C]acetate uptake in human HCCs and cell lines. The expression of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) was assessed to determine the transporters of [11C]acetate uptake in HCC cell lines and human HCCs with different [11C]acetate uptake. Using two representative cell lines with widely different [11C]acetate uptake (HepG2 for high uptake and Hep3B for low uptake), changes in [11C]acetate uptake were measured after treatment with an MCT1 inhibitor or MCT1-targeted siRNA. To verify the roles of MCT1 in cells, oxygen consumption rate and the amount of lipid synthesis were measured. HepG2 cells with high [11C]acetate uptake showed higher MCT1 expression than other HCC cell lines with low [11C]acetate uptake. MCT1 expression was elevated in human HCCs with high [11C]acetate uptake compared to those with low [11C]acetate uptake. After blocking MCT1 with AR-C155858 or MCT1 knockdown, [11C]acetate uptake in HepG2 cells was significantly reduced. Additionally, inhibition of MCT1 suppressed mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, lipid synthesis, and cellular proliferation in HCC cells with high [11C]acetate uptake. MCT1 may be a new therapeutic target for acetate-dependent HCCs with high [11C]acetate uptake, which can be selected by [11C]acetate PET/CT imaging in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Yong Jeon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Misu Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Whang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Whan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Arthur Cho
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mijin Yun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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41
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Morin-Doré L, Blondin P, Vigneault C, Grand FX, Labrecque R, Sirard MA. Transcriptomic evaluation of bovine blastocysts obtained from peri-pubertal oocyte donors. Theriogenology 2017; 93:111-123. [PMID: 28257859 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Assisted reproduction technologies (ART) and high selection pressure in the dairy industry are leading towards the use of younger females for reproduction, thereby reducing the interval between generations. This situation may have a negative impact on embryo quality, thus reducing the success rate of the procedures. This study aimed to document the effects of oocyte donor age on embryo quality, at the transcriptomic level, in order to characterize the effects of using young females for reproduction purpose. Young Holstein heifers (n = 10) were used at three different ages for ovarian stimulation protocols and oocyte collections (at 8, 11 and 14 months). All of the oocytes were fertilized in vitro with the semen of one adult bull, generating three lots of embryos per animal. Each animal was its own control for the evaluation of the effects of age. The EmbryoGENE platform was used for the assessment of gene expression patterns at the blastocyst stage. Embryos from animals at 8 vs 14 months and at 11 vs 14 months were used for microarray hybridization. Validation was done by performing RT-qPCR on seven candidate genes. Age-related contrast analysis (8 vs 14 mo and 11 vs 14 mo) identified 242 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for the first contrast, and 296 for the second. The analysis of the molecular and biological functions of the DEGs suggests a metabolic cause to explain the differences that are observed between embryos from immature and adult subjects. The mTOR and PPAR signaling pathways, as well as the NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response pathways were among the gene expression pathways affected by donor age. In conclusion, the main differences between embryos produced at peri-pubertal ages are related to metabolic conditions resulting in a higher impact of in vitro conditions on blastocyts from younger heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léonie Morin-Doré
- Centre de recherche en reproduction, développement et santé intergénérationnelle (CRDSI), Département des Sciences Animales, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Marc-André Sirard
- Centre de recherche en reproduction, développement et santé intergénérationnelle (CRDSI), Département des Sciences Animales, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
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42
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Yip J, Geng X, Shen J, Ding Y. Cerebral Gluconeogenesis and Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2017; 7:521. [PMID: 28101056 PMCID: PMC5209353 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The gluconeogenesis pathway, which has been known to normally present in the liver, kidney, intestine, or muscle, has four irreversible steps catalyzed by the enzymes: pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, and glucose 6-phosphatase. Studies have also demonstrated evidence that gluconeogenesis exists in brain astrocytes but no convincing data have yet been found in neurons. Astrocytes exhibit significant 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase-3 activity, a key mechanism for regulating glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Astrocytes are unique in that they use glycolysis to produce lactate, which is then shuttled into neurons and used as gluconeogenic precursors for reduction. This gluconeogenesis pathway found in astrocytes is becoming more recognized as an important alternative glucose source for neurons, specifically in ischemic stroke and brain tumor. Further studies are needed to discover how the gluconeogenesis pathway is controlled in the brain, which may lead to the development of therapeutic targets to control energy levels and cellular survival in ischemic stroke patients, or inhibit gluconeogenesis in brain tumors to promote malignant cell death and tumor regression. While there are extensive studies on the mechanisms of cerebral glycolysis in ischemic stroke and brain tumors, studies on cerebral gluconeogenesis are limited. Here, we review studies done to date regarding gluconeogenesis to evaluate whether this metabolic pathway is beneficial or detrimental to the brain under these pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Yip
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroit, MI, USA; China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China; Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Jiamei Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroit, MI, USA; China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroit, MI, USA; China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
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43
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Jaworski DM, Namboodiri AMA, Moffett JR. Acetate as a Metabolic and Epigenetic Modifier of Cancer Therapy. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:574-88. [PMID: 26251955 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic networks are significantly altered in neoplastic cells. This altered metabolic program leads to increased glycolysis and lipogenesis and decreased dependence on oxidative phosphorylation and oxygen consumption. Despite their limited mitochondrial respiration, cancer cells, nonetheless, derive sufficient energy from alternative carbon sources and metabolic pathways to maintain cell proliferation. They do so, in part, by utilizing fatty acids, amino acids, ketone bodies, and acetate, in addition to glucose. The alternative pathways used in the metabolism of these carbon sources provide opportunities for therapeutic manipulation. Acetate, in particular, has garnered increased attention in the context of cancer as both an epigenetic regulator of posttranslational protein modification, and as a carbon source for cancer cell biomass accumulation. However, to date, the data have not provided a clear understanding of the precise roles that protein acetylation and acetate oxidation play in carcinogenesis, cancer progression or treatment. This review highlights some of the major issues, discrepancies, and opportunities associated with the manipulation of acetate metabolism and acetylation-based signaling in cancer development and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane M Jaworski
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Aryan M A Namboodiri
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - John R Moffett
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
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44
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Lakhter AJ, Hamilton J, Konger RL, Brustovetsky N, Broxmeyer HE, Naidu SR. Glucose-independent Acetate Metabolism Promotes Melanoma Cell Survival and Tumor Growth. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:21869-21879. [PMID: 27539851 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.712166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors rely on multiple nutrients to meet cellular bioenergetics and macromolecular synthesis demands of rapidly dividing cells. Although the role of glucose and glutamine in cancer metabolism is well understood, the relative contribution of acetate metabolism remains to be clarified. We show that glutamine supplementation is not sufficient to prevent loss of cell viability in a subset of glucose-deprived melanoma cells, but synergizes with acetate to support cell survival. Glucose-deprived melanoma cells depend on both oxidative phosphorylation and acetate metabolism for cell survival. Acetate supplementation significantly contributed to maintenance of ATP levels in glucose-starved cells. Unlike acetate, short chain fatty acids such as butyrate and propionate failed to prevent loss of cell viability from glucose deprivation. In vivo studies revealed that in addition to nucleo-cytoplasmic acetate assimilating enzyme ACSS2, mitochondrial ACSS1 was critical for melanoma tumor growth in mice. Our data indicate that acetate metabolism may be a potential therapeutic target for BRAF mutant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Lakhter
- From the Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - James Hamilton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, and
| | - Raymond L Konger
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Nickolay Brustovetsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, and
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- From the Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Samisubbu R Naidu
- From the Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202,
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45
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Acetate functions as an epigenetic metabolite to promote lipid synthesis under hypoxia. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11960. [PMID: 27357947 PMCID: PMC4931325 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides the conventional carbon sources, acetyl-CoA has recently been shown to be generated from acetate in various types of cancers, where it promotes lipid synthesis and tumour growth. The underlying mechanism, however, remains largely unknown. We find that acetate induces a hyperacetylated state of histone H3 in hypoxic cells. Acetate predominately activates lipogenic genes ACACA and FASN expression by increasing H3K9, H3K27 and H3K56 acetylation levels at their promoter regions, thus enhancing de novo lipid synthesis, which combines with its function as the metabolic precursor for fatty acid synthesis. Acetyl-CoA synthetases (ACSS1, ACSS2) are involved in this acetate-mediated epigenetic regulation. More importantly, human hepatocellular carcinoma with high ACSS1/2 expression exhibit increased histone H3 acetylation and FASN expression. Taken together, this study demonstrates that acetate, in addition to its ability to induce fatty acid synthesis as an immediate metabolic precursor, also functions as an epigenetic metabolite to promote cancer cell survival under hypoxic stress. Cancer cells under stress use acetate to maintain the acetyl-CoA pool and fuel lipid biosynthesis. Here, the authors show that acetate also promotes de novo lipid synthesis by increasing histone acetylation at the promoters of lipogenic enzymes ACACA and FASN, thus inducing their expression.
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46
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Li L, Che L, Wang C, Blecha JE, Li X, VanBrocklin HF, Calvisi DF, Puchowicz M, Chen X, Seo Y. [(11)C]acetate PET Imaging is not Always Associated with Increased Lipogenesis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mice. Mol Imaging Biol 2016; 18:360-7. [PMID: 26567114 PMCID: PMC4866912 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-015-0915-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Altered metabolism, including increased glycolysis and de novo lipogenesis, is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Radiolabeled nutrients, including glucose and acetate, are extensively used for the detection of various tumors, including hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). High signal of [(11)C]acetate positron emission tomography (PET) in tumors is often considered to be associated with increased expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN) and increased de novo lipogenesis in tumor tissues. Defining a subset of tumors with increased [(11)C]acetate PET signal and thus increased lipogenesis was suggested to help select a group of patients, who may benefit from lipogenesis-targeting therapies. PROCEDURES To investigate whether [(11)C]acetate PET imaging is truly associated with increased de novo lipogenesis along with hepatocarcinogenesis, we performed [(11)C]acetate PET imaging in wild-type mice as well as two mouse HCC models, induced by myrAKT/Ras(V12) (AKT/Ras) and PIK3CA(1047R)/c-Met (PI3K/Met) oncogene combinations. In addition, we analyzed FASN expression and de novo lipogenesis rate in these mouse liver tissues. RESULTS We found that while HCCs induced by AKT/Ras co-expression showed high levels of [(11)C]acetate PET signal compared to normal liver, HCCs induced by PI3K/Met overexpression did not. Intriguingly, elevated FASN expression and increased de novo lipogenesis rate were observed in both AKT/Ras and PI3K/Met HCCs. CONCLUSION Altogether, our study suggests that [(11)C]acetate PET imaging can be a useful tool for imaging of a subset of HCCs. However, at molecular level, the increased [(11)C]acetate PET imaging is not always associated with increased FASN expression or de novo lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0912, USA
| | - Li Che
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0912, USA
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0912, USA
| | - Joseph E Blecha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0912, USA
| | - Henry F VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Diego F Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michelle Puchowicz
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0912, USA.
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- UCSF-UC Berkeley Joint Graduate Group in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- UCSF Physics Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0946, USA.
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Wibmer AG, Burger IA, Sala E, Hricak H, Weber WA, Vargas HA. Molecular Imaging of Prostate Cancer. Radiographics 2015; 36:142-59. [PMID: 26587888 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2016150059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common noncutaneous malignancy among men in the Western world. The natural history and clinical course of prostate cancer are markedly diverse, ranging from small indolent intraprostatic lesions to highly aggressive disseminated disease. An understanding of this biologic heterogeneity is considered a necessary requisite in the quest for the adoption of precise and personalized management strategies. Molecular imaging offers the potential for noninvasive assessment of the biologic interactions underpinning prostate carcinogenesis. Currently, numerous molecular imaging probes are in clinical use or undergoing preclinical or clinical evaluation. These probes can be divided into those that image increased cell metabolism, those that target prostate cancer-specific membrane proteins and receptor molecules, and those that bind to the bone matrix adjacent to metastases to bone. The increased metabolism and vascular changes in prostate cancer cells can be evaluated with radiolabeled analogs of choline, acetate, glucose, amino acids, and nucleotides. The androgen receptor, prostate-specific membrane antigen, and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (ie, bombesin) are overexpressed in prostate cancer and can be targeted by specific radiolabeled imaging probes. Because metastatic prostate cancer cells induce osteoblastic signaling pathways of adjacent bone tissue, bone-seeking radiotracers are sensitive tools for the detection of metastases to bone. Knowledge about the underlying biologic processes responsible for the phenotypes associated with the different stages of prostate cancer allows an appropriate choice of methods and helps avoid pitfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas G Wibmer
- From the Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065 (A.G.W., E.S., H.H., W.A.W., H.A.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (I.A.B.)
| | - Irene A Burger
- From the Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065 (A.G.W., E.S., H.H., W.A.W., H.A.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (I.A.B.)
| | - Evis Sala
- From the Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065 (A.G.W., E.S., H.H., W.A.W., H.A.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (I.A.B.)
| | - Hedvig Hricak
- From the Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065 (A.G.W., E.S., H.H., W.A.W., H.A.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (I.A.B.)
| | - Wolfgang A Weber
- From the Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065 (A.G.W., E.S., H.H., W.A.W., H.A.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (I.A.B.)
| | - Hebert Alberto Vargas
- From the Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065 (A.G.W., E.S., H.H., W.A.W., H.A.V.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (I.A.B.)
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Björnson E, Mukhopadhyay B, Asplund A, Pristovsek N, Cinar R, Romeo S, Uhlen M, Kunos G, Nielsen J, Mardinoglu A. Stratification of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Based on Acetate Utilization. Cell Rep 2015; 13:2014-26. [PMID: 26655911 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a deadly form of liver cancer that is increasingly prevalent. We analyzed global gene expression profiling of 361 HCC tumors and 49 adjacent noncancerous liver samples by means of combinatorial network-based analysis. We investigated the correlation between transcriptome and proteome of HCC and reconstructed a functional genome-scale metabolic model (GEM) for HCC. We identified fundamental metabolic processes required for cell proliferation using the network centric view provided by the GEM. Our analysis revealed tight regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis (FAB) and highly significant deregulation of fatty acid oxidation in HCC. We predicted mitochondrial acetate as an emerging substrate for FAB through upregulation of mitochondrial acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACSS1) in HCC. We analyzed heterogeneous expression of ACSS1 and ACSS2 between HCC patients stratified by high and low ACSS1 and ACSS2 expression and revealed that ACSS1 is associated with tumor growth and malignancy under hypoxic conditions in human HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Björnson
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bani Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anna Asplund
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nusa Pristovsek
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Resat Cinar
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research/Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden; Cardiology Department, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 416 50 Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mathias Uhlen
- Department of Proteomics, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, 171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - George Kunos
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jens Nielsen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, 171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, 171 21 Stockholm, Sweden.
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49
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Jeon JY, Lee H, Park J, Lee M, Park SW, Kim JS, Lee M, Cho B, Kim K, Choi AMK, Kim CK, Yun M. The regulation of glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase by autophagy in low-glycolytic hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:440-6. [PMID: 26036577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.05.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The glycolytic phenotype is a dominant metabolic phenomenon in cancer and is reflected in becoming aggressive. Certain hepatocellular carcinoma lack increased glycolysis and prefer to uptake acetate than glucose for metabolism. Autophagy plays a role in preserving energies and nutrients when there is limited external nutrient supply and maintains glucose level of blood though supporting gluconeogenesis in the liver. As the role of autophagy and gluconeogenesis in HCC following the glycolic activity was not clear, we cultured HCC cells with different glycolytic levels in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) to induce autophagy and conducted the activity of gluconeogenesis. Both autophagy and gluconeogenesis were induced in low glycolytic HCC cells (HepG2). In glycolytic Hep3B cells, only autophagy without gluconeogenesis was induced upon starvation. When autophagy was blocked, the level of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) was reduced in HepG2 cells and not in Hep3B. Altogether, we investigated contribution of hepatic gluconeogenesis to the metabolic phenotype of HCC cells and the role of autophagy as a potential mechanism regulating gluconeogenesis in low glycolytic HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Yong Jeon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Hyangkyu Lee
- Department of Clinical Nursing Science, Yonsei University College of Nursing, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Jeayeo Park
- Department of Clinical Nursing Science, Yonsei University College of Nursing, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Misu Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Sae Whan Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Ji Sook Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Milim Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Byoungchul Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Kyungsup Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Institute of Genetic Science, Integrated Genomic Research Center for Metabolic Regulation, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chun K Kim
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02026, USA.
| | - Mijin Yun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea.
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50
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Territo PR, Maluccio M, Riley AA, McCarthy BP, Fletcher J, Tann M, Saxena R, Skill NJ. Evaluation of 11C-acetate and 18F-FDG PET/CT in mouse multidrug resistance gene-2 deficient mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Med Imaging 2015; 15:15. [PMID: 25981587 PMCID: PMC4493966 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-015-0058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a global health problem with unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, including difficulties in identifying the highest risk patients. Previous work from our lab has established the murine multidrug resistance-2 mouse (MDR2) model of HCC as a reasonable preclinical model that parallels the changes seen in human inflammatory associated HCC. The purpose of this study is to evaluate modalities of PET/CT in MDR2(-/-) mice in order to facilitate therapeutic translational studies from bench to bedside. METHODS 18F-FDG and 11C-acetate PET/CT was performed on 12 m MDR2(-/-) mice (n = 3/tracer) with HCC and 12 m MDR2(-/+) control mice (n = 3/tracer) without HCC. To compare PET/CT to biological markers of HCC and cellular function, serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), cAMP and hepatic tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) were quantified in 3-12 m MDR2(-/-) (n = 10) mice using commercially available ELISA analysis. To translate results in mice to patients 11C-acetate PET/CT was also performed in 8 patents suspected of HCC recurrence following treatment and currently on the liver transplant wait list. RESULTS Hepatic18F-FDG metabolism was not significantly increased in MDR2(-/-) mice. In contrast, hepatic 11C-acetate metabolism was significantly elevated in MDR2(-/-) mice when compared to MDR2(-/+) controls. Serum AFP and LPA levels increased in MDR2(-/-) mice contemporaneous with the emergence of HCC. This was accompanied by a significant decrease in serum cAMP levels and an increase in hepatic TNFα. In patients suspected of HCC recurrence there were 5 true positives, 2 true negatives and 1 suspected false 11C-acetate negative. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic 11C-acetate PET/CT tracks well with HCC in MDR2(-/-) mice and patients with underlying liver disease. Consequently 11C-acetate PET/CT is well suited to study (1) HCC emergence/progression in patients and (2) reduce animal numbers required to study new chemotherapeutics in murine models of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Territo
- Department of Surgery, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Mary Maluccio
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, C519 Walthur Cancer Research Building (R3), 980 W Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46077, USA.
| | - Amanda A Riley
- Department of Surgery, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Brian P McCarthy
- Department of Surgery, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - James Fletcher
- Department of Surgery, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Mark Tann
- Department of Surgery, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Romil Saxena
- Department of Surgery, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Nicholas J Skill
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, C519 Walthur Cancer Research Building (R3), 980 W Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46077, USA.
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